The French Revolution: A Triumph Over Political Absolutism

Hunter Vaughn Senior Individual Website 2013

Secondary Sources Abolition Of The Monarchy 1792. Fine Art. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This picture is of the decree issued by the National Convention that ended the monarchy. It was used as an example of a document issued by the National Convention. Andress, David. The Terror: The Merciless War for Freedom in Revolutionary France. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2006. Print. This work analyzes the origins, effects, and any other parts of the Terror. This book provided information on the organization that instituted the Terror, Republics Committee of Public safety and why, where, and how it was organized. An Execution By Guillotine In Paris During The French Revolution. Pierre Antoine De Machy (c17221807) French Painter. Carnavalet, Paris. . Photography. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This painting of a guillotining in Paris shows a typical scene during the French Revolution. Banfield, Susan. The Rights of Man, the Reign of Terror: The Story of the French Revolution. New York: Lippincott, 1989. Print. This book provided an overall knowledge of the basic events of the revolution. It was used to present information about the Ancien Rgime, the system of government prior to the revolution: including the history of Estates General and its organization. Caricature Of Maximilien De Robespierre. Fine Art. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This revolutionary cartoon helps to identify how Robespierre was viewed during his part in the Jacobin dictatorship. Coat-of-Arms Of The French Republic. Fine Art. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This picture is of the Republic of Frances coat of arms created shortly after the fall of the constitutional monarchy. Declaration Of The Constitution, Place Des Innocents, Paris, September 1791, 1791. Fine Art. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This painting is a scene right after the Constitution of 1791 was announced. It was used to demonstrate the excitement of the revolution after the National Assembly accomplished its goal of drafting a constitution.

Declaration Of The Rights Of Man And Citizen, 1789. Fine Art. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This picture was used to show what the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen looked like. Double Representation Accorded To The Third Estate By The Estates General, 17th December 1788. Fine Art. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This colored engraving was used to show a chart of the representation of each Estate announced in 1788 by Louis XVI. Edelstein, Dan. The Terror of Natural Right: Republicanism, the Cult of Nature, and the French Revolution. Chicago: University of Chicago, 2009. Print. This book was used to present information on the Reign of Terror specifically the Law of Suspects and a quote was as an example of what happened to some of the accused. Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes French Abbe. Illustration. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This picture was used to show the audience a portrait of the author of What is the Third Estate? Fife, Graeme. The Terror: The Shadow of the Guillotine: France, 1792-1794. New York: St. Martin's, 2006. Print. This book was used to provide information on the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. It was also used to show how enlightenment thinker Jean-Jaques Rousseau affected the revolution. French Flight (...) / Caricature. Fine Art. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This satirical cartoon depicts the flight of Louis XVI and its failure. It was used to show the peoples opinion of this event. French Revolution. Guillotine Set Up Under The Arch Of Marius At Orange, On The Rhone, During The Reign Of Terror. Engraving. Photography. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This wood engraving was used to illustrate a typical scene of mass guillotining during the Reign of Terror. French Revolution: Last Victims Of The Reign Of Terror Being Taken To The Guillotine In A Tumbril. Engraving. Photography. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013.

This painting was used to characterize a scene of people accused of betraying the Republic being taken to a guillotine to die. French Revolution. Louis XVI At The Bar Of The National Convention, December 26th 1792'. President Of Convention Having Asked If He Has Anything To Say In His Own Defence, The King Spoke Briefly And With Great Dignity. Aquatint After Picture By Domenico Pellegrini, London, 1796. Photography. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This photograph of a revolutionary era painting depicts the 1792 trial of Louis XVI by the National convention after he was suspended by the Legislative the year previous. It was used to show the trial in action. French Revolution 1789 / Poster. Fine Art. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This revolutionary era poster was used to show the motto that sprung from the revolutionaries. They wanted Liberty, and Equality or freedom form the oppressive monarchy. Heynen, Jacques. Murders Without Assassins. N.p. 2008. A quote by Robespierre was used from this book was used to demonstrate his attitude towards his actions. Jacobin Club / January 1792 / Woodcut. Illustration. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This woodcut is an actual meeting of the Jacobin club, and it was used to with the cartoon one to compare what the meetings were actually like what others thought they were like. John Locke. Fine Art. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This portrait of John Locke was used with a quote to show what he looked like. Jones, Colin. The Longman Companion to the French Revolution. London: Longman, 1988. Print. A quote from this book was used to describe the goals and political authority that the Committee of Public Safety was given. Legislative Assembly 1791/ Masquelier. Fine Art. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This characterization of a meeting of the Legislative Assembly was used to show what the body looked like. Meeting Of The Committee Of Public Safety. Photograph. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013.

This photograph of a 1793 painting was used to depict a meeting of the Committee of Public Safety, the police of the Republic of France during the revolution. Meeting Of The Jacobin Club, January 1792. Fine Art. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This satirical woodcut of a Jacobin club meeting depicts its members as animals and shows their radical views and was used to show how the club was viewed by other revolutionaries. National Assembly / Civil Constitution. Fine Art. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This picture of a decree in 1792 was used as an example of a document issued by the National Assembly. Neely, Sylvia. A Concise History of the French Revolution. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008. Print. Information about the flight to Varennes and its effect on the people and the radicals was used from this book to show a turning point in the revolution. Its research was also used to inform of the August revolution, the Brunswick manifesto, the suspension of the king and the National Convention. Oliver, Bette Wyn. Surviving the French Revolution: A Bridge across Time. Lanham [u.a.: Lexington, 2013. Print. This book provided specifics of the 1789 meeting of the Estates General and the feelings surrounding its organization and reasons for happening. It included background on What is the Third Estate, and the creation of the national assembly. Patrick, Alison. The Men of the First French Republic: Political Alignments in the National Convention of 1792. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1972. Print. This source provided information on the Trial of Louis XVI and his death in 1793; furthermore it provided a deeper understanding of the organization of the Republic. Portrait Of George Jacques Danton (1759 - 1794). Fine Art. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This portrait is of the first president of the Committee of Public Safety, Georges Danton.

Requisition Of The Committee Of Public Safety, 1789-99. Fine Art. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This document was used as an example of an official decree of the Committee of Public Safety.

Revolutionary Cartoon About 'Tithes, Taxes And Graft. Fine Art. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This revolutionary cartoon criticizes the organization of the Estates general was used to symbolize the third estate being crushed under the heavy tax burden of France. Robespierre Guillotining The Executioner Having Guillotined All The French People, C.1793. Fine Art. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This cartoon of Robespierre portrays him killing the executioner after having killed everyone else in France. It was used to show how devoted he was and what lengths he would go to in order to preserve his perfect Republic. Schama, Simon. Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution. New York: Knopf, 1989. Print. This work provided additional information about the Tennis Court and additional insight about the implementation of Rousseaus ideas. States General / 1789 / Woodcut. Illustration. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This woodcut engraving was used to illustrate the visual difference of the each estate in the Estates General. Swearing On The Book Of The Constitution. 14 September 1791.Louis XVI 1754-1793. King Of France 1774-1792. Engraved By Blanpain After De La Charlerie. From "Histoire De La Revolution Francaise" By Louis Blanc. Illustration. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This is another depiction of Louis XVI swearing to the 1791 constitution. It was used to give the audience an idea of what this scene looked like. Tennis Court Oath At Jeu De Paume. Illustration. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This painting was used to illustrate the scene of the Tennis Court Oath of June, 20 1789. The Awakening Of The Third Estate, July 1789. Fine Art. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This revolutionary cartoon was used to depict the First and Second estates reactions to the third estate awakening from its bonds and fighting for equality.

The French Revolution. A&E Networks, 2005. This documentary highlights all the events of the French Revolution with in depth interviews from historians that specialize in it. Clips were used to give a professional opinion and highlight the basic elements of the Estates General, the Tennis Court Oath, and the Reign of Terror. The King Accepts And Swears To The Constitution.14 September 1791.Louis XVI 1754-1793. King Of France 1774-1792. Engraved By Meyer-Heine After De La Charlerie. From "Histoire De La Revolution Francaise" By Louis Blanc. Illustration. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This picture of Louis XVI swearing to the constitution of 1791 was used to show what it looked like when the constitution was accepted. Thomas Paine. Fine Art. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This portrait of Thomas Paine was used with a quote from his The Rights of Man to show what he looked like. The Noyads Of Nantes / 1793 / Charlerie. Illustration. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This is a depiction of people convicted and drowned during the Reign of Terror. It was used as an example of the harsh treatment and cruelty during this period. The Noyads Of Nantes 1793 / Yan'Dargent. Illustration. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013 Another depiction of people convicted and drowned during the Reign of Terror. It was used as an example of the harsh treatment and cruelty during this period. The People Kill The Prince / Engraving. Fine Art. Encyclopdia Britannica Image Quest. Web. 14 Nov 2013. This revolutionary cartoon depicts the revolutionaries as a giant Frenchmen, who is burning a puny little man, Louis XVI. It was used to show the people taking over the government after the king was guillotined.

n.p. The French Revolution: Phases and Dates. The University of California Santa Barbara Department of History, 2007. Web. 14 November 2013. This website was used as a reference for the dates of specific events and also for the time frames of the different governments and phases of the revolution.

Primary Sources Claude Joseph Rouget De Lisle. La Marseillaise. 1792. MP3. This song, written during the revolution, became the National Anthem of France; it was used as an example of music during the time and to introduce the topic. Delacroix, Ferdinand. Liberty Leading the People. Oil on canvas. Louvre, Paris, France. This painting became a symbol of the revolution after it was painted in the late years of the revolution. It was used to introduce the topic of the revolution as a familiar picture Ferdinand, Charles William. Brunswick Manifesto. N.p.:n.p, 1792. Print. This Proclamation of the Duke of Brunswick was issued to the French people on August 1, 1792. It was used to show Louis XVIs intent of destroying the revolution and assuming supreme power once again. It also helped characterized the feelings of the people toward the king which led to him being removed all-together. Helman, Isidore. Opening Of The Estates General At Versailles, 5th May 1789. Colored engraving. Bridgeman Art Library, Paris. This engraving was used to illustrate what the 1789 meeting of the Estates General looked like. Monnet, Charles. The National Assembly Renounces All Privileges, 4th August 1789. Oil on canvas. Bibliothque Nationale, Paris. This painting was used to illustrate what a meeting of the National Assembly was like. Muller, Charles. The Calling of the Last Victims of the Terror. Oil on canvas. Musee de Versailles, Versailles. This painting was used to show a scene of innocent people being convicted and waiting to be guillotined during the Reign of Terror. Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government: In the Former, The False Principles, and Foundation of Sir Robert Filmer, and His Followers, Are Detected and Overthrown. The Latter Is an Essay Concerning The True Original, Extent, and End of Civil Government. N.p.: n.p., 1689. Print. Another enlightenment work, by a man who had large influence on the American Revolution, John Locke, this also discusses the right of political equality granted to all men. It was used as an additional example of where the goals of the revolutionaries originated.

National, Assembly. Le Serment du Jeu de Paume. N.p.:n.p. 1789. Print. This speech, given by a member of the National Assembly at the 1789 Tennis Court oath, was quoted to point out the goals of the National Assembly had after its formation. Paine, Thomas. Rights of Man Part the First: Being an Answer to Mr. Burke's Attack on the French Revolution. Boston: Printed by T. and J. Fleet, 1793. Print. This enlightenment work was a response to the bitter attack of Edmund Burke, on the revolution. It discussed the rights of the people to self-govern and the way governments should be organized. It was used to demonstrate the effect that enlightenment thinkers had on the revolution and how they influenced it. Paine, Thomas. Letter to Danton. 1793. Print. This letter from Paine to Danton that discussed the revolution during the Republic was used to show the intents of the counterrevolutionaries that wished to reverse the revolution. Rousseau, Jean-Jaques. Du Contrat Social Ou Principes Du Droit Politique. N.p.: n.p., 1762. Print. This enlightenment work speaks of political theory and the way in which government, if it is viable, should be formed. It was used in tandem with the other two enlightenment works to create a broad scope of political ideas that originated in the early 18th century that greatly influenced the revolution. Sieys, Emmanuel J. What Is the Third Estate? N.p.: n.p., 1789. Print. This pamphlet published before the meeting of the Estates General in 1789 became very influential in the organization of that meeting. It spoke out about the inequality of the estates and called for political equality, one of the ideals formulated by the enlightenment thinkers. It was used to show the first example of the people asking for a change in the government. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. Paris. August 26, 1789. Print. Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government: In the Former, The False Principles, and Foundation of Sir Robert Filmer, and His Followers, Are Detected and Overthrown. The Latter Is an Essay Concerning The True Original, Extent, and End of Civil Government. N.p.: n.p., 1689. Print. This document, written by the National Assembly was used to show the first attempts of the National Assembly to grant the people of France rights and to reform the government.