BY

Mohammed Suhail
Nidhin C.
Rahul P.
Rupesh V.
Sandeep C. K.
Sajith P. P.
Sanesh N. K.
 CFD enables one to study the dynamics of
things that flow with the help of computer
programs.

 Gives results in detail in relatively short time

and is very cheap to use.

 Can be used to solve big and complex

simulations which cant be simulated by wind
tunnel like atmospheric re-entry.
 Commonly used for designing wings of small
single engine aircrafts.

 It’s a laminar flow airfoil, hence is more

efficient than the conventional airfoil.
 To find the change in lift acting on the airfoil
due to the change in angle of attack.

 And to obtain the change in distribution of

pressure and velocity around the airfoil.
 We used Spalart–Allmaras to solve the
turbulent fluid flow around the airfoil.

 Spalart–Allmaras is a single equation model

specially used to solve the boundary layer fluid
around aerodynamic objects.
 The velocity of air was kept steady at 0.2 mach.

 Ambient temperature was kept at 300K.

 Simulation was done at atmospheric pressure.

 The grid used is shown:

 The contours were checked for any abnormalities.

 The wall y plus value was checked that whether it

lied inside 150.
 It was seen that on increasing the angle of incidence
of the fluid the airfoil generated more lift.

 But after a certain point the lift started to decrease

drastically.
50

40

30

20
Drag Vertical
Lift Vertical
10

0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
-10

-20
 StaticPressure variation:
o AOA 6o

o AOA 10o
 Variationof Velocity:
o AOA 6o

o AOA 10o
The applications of CFD are innumerable:
 Automobile industry.
 Aviation industry.
 Space exploration.
 Biomedical fields.
 Weather prediction
 Sports and recreational activities.
 In design of buildings and structures.
 Designing ships and submarines….
© Opportunities
© Wide open market in terms of nature of
business/applications
© Broadly three sectors
© CFD Developers
© CFD Application Engr.
© CFD Consultants
© Over 1000 CFD Companies/Research Centre's
and Institutes in the world
© Always in Demand of experienced professionals
© 2- 3 billion USD market of s/w and consulting
© Annual growth rate of 25- 30 %
© Open source software OPEN FOAM
 Product
 Fluent, Star CD, Ansys MatrixCFD, ESI, Flowmerics, Zeus
Numerix, Tetrahedrix, Tridiagonol, Flowmaster, Transoft,COMSOL,etc..
 Consulting
 Infosys, Infotecg TCS, Wipro, Quantech, Pacific
Mindware, Transoft, Machwell, Neilsoft, COMSOL, Satyam, Sungrace, Flexio
n, Mahindra Engg, CADES, Onward, Bechtel, CSM , QuEST, Apramya….
 Engineering
 TATA, Ashok Leyland,Mahindra, Thermax, BHEL, Kirloskar, MICO, reliance
NTPC, Escort, Forbes Marshall, Maruti, Toyo Atlas, TVS, and all automotive
sector companies, etc
 Design
 John Deere, Eaton GE
JFWTC, Emerson, Cummins, GM, Whirlpool, SNECMA, Honeywell, Intel, Asu
s, Airbus, Boeing, Ford, TACO, Delphi , etc…
 Enough opportunities in Private sector
 Govt. design labs and research organizations
 IITS, IISc, TIFR, BARC, ISRO, DRDO, ADA, ADE, NAL, HAL, VSSC and many
more smaller laboratories.
© Not so perfect (Approximation so not exact)
© Erroneous if inputs are incorrect (GIGO)
© Modeling of complex physics still a challenge
© Uncertainty- due to lack of knowledge( turbulence)
© Errors
© Modeling (Simplification)
© Truncation
© Discretization error
© Convergence
© Stability
© Consistency
© Expertise required to some level
© Vast and complex
 Lift and drag forces increase with the increase
in angle of attack of the wing

 On increasing the angle to a further 18o the lift

starts to drop and drag starts to increase
drastically.