Top Ten Changes

to the

by: Matt Buecker electrical-design-tutor.com

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Grounding Receptacles New !pdated "e#initions G$C% &rotection 'rc $ault Circuit %nterrupters (n)ironmental 'ir &lenum Conductors Means o# "isconnect *mall +ind (lectric *ystems &lug-%n ,ybrid (lectric -ehicles

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The National Electrical Code (NEC i! "#dated e$er% three %ear!. &ther'i!e (no'n a! N)P* Cha#ter 70+ the NEC ha! ,een #",li!hed !ince 1897 and i! re!#on!i,le for contin"o"!l% i-#ro$ing the !afet% of tho!e 'ho in!tall electrical de$ice! and the ."alit% of 'or( for tho!e that "!e electricit% (e!!entiall%+ e$er%one . NEC 2011+ the late!t edition+ contin"e! thi! tradition. Thi! article i! -eant for electrical #rofe!!ional!+ ne' and e/#erienced ali(e+ 'ho are #re#aring for the ine$ita,le tran!ition a'a% fro- NEC 2008 ,% the electrical ind"!tr%. 0!ing ne' NEC 2011 e/cer#t!+ -% goal i! to foc"! on the -ain area! of change and #ro$ide co--entar% for the change! in$ol$ed.. The (e% to reading thi! article i! to ha$e %o"r NEC 2011 Code ,oo( ne/t to %o". 1 ha$e no intere!t in #lagiari2ing the entire Code !o 1 !i-#l% ha$e re3#rinted the area! of the Code 'here the change! occ"r !o that %o" can fli# to that #age and !ee for %o"r!elf the entire conte/t of the change!. Reading .ey: 4 *rea! of the code that ha$e ,een re$i!ed or are ne' fro- NEC 2008. My take:... / 5% anal%!i! or inter#retation of 'hat the change i! and6or 'h% it 'a! added. (No Change fro- NEC 2008 4 Thi! note i! entered for reference onl% a! the e/act !ection !#ecified i! the !a-e in the 2011 edition a! it i! in the 2008 edition. 1t doe! not literall% !a% 7No Change froNEC 20088.

Ta(e all the ti-e %o" need to read thi! article a! it contain! the $a!t -a9orit% of the change! to NEC 2011 (the other! are -inor gra--atical ad9"!t-ent! . *ltho"gh -o!t *:;<! (a"thorit% ha$ing 9"ri!diction ha$e not ado#ted the NEC 2011 %et+ %o" 'ill ,e ,etter #re#ared for it after reading thi! article.

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My take: Article 250 contains significant changes from the NEC 2008, with a heavy em hasis on gro!n"ing in se arately "erive" systems. #he Co"e tries to clarify thro!gho!t Artcile 250 that gro!n"ing an" $on"ing are "irectly relate" an" are not two "ifferent conce ts. An" with the n!mero!s a""itions to section %&0.'(, the NEC 20)) is rovi"ing g!i"ance for gro!n"ing on $oth the ac an" "c si"e of the inverter for *olar +, systems. 123.1 "e#initions Bonding 4umper5 *upply-*ide. * cond"ctor in!talled on the !"##l% !ide of a !er$ice or 'ithin a !er$ice e."i#-ent enclo!"re(! + or for a !e#aratel% deri$ed !%!te-+ that en!"re! the re."ired electrical cond"cti$it% ,et'een -etal #art! re."ired to ,e electricall% connected. 123.63 Grounding *eparately "eri)ed 'lternating-Current *ystems 1n addition to co-#l%ing 'ith 250.30(* for gro"nded !%!te-!+ or a! #ro$ided in 250.30(= for "ngro"nded !%!te-!+ !e#aratel% deri$ed !%!te-! !hall co-#l% 'ith 250.20+ 250.21+ 250.22+ and 250.26.
1nfor-ational Note No. 1> *n alternate ac #o'er !o"rce+ !"ch a! an on3!ite generator+ i! not a !e#aratel% deri$ed !%!te- if the gro"nded cond"ctor i! !olidl% interconnected to a !er$ice3!"##lied !%!te- gro"nded cond"ctor. *n e/a-#le of !"ch a !it"ation i! 'here alternate !o"rce tran!fer e."i#-ent doe! not incl"de a !'itching action in the gro"nded cond"ctor and allo'! it to re-ain !olidl% connected to the !er$ice3!"##lied gro"nded cond"ctor 'hen the alternate !o"rce i! o#erational and !"##l% the load !er$ed. 1nfor-ational Note No. 2> ?ee 445.13 for the -ini-"- !i2e of cond"ctor! that carr% fa"lt c"rrent.

0. Grounding

My take: #he notes are a""e" to clarify the re-!irements of gro!n"ing for se arately "erive" systems. #here.s not m!ch new e/ce t that the Co"e is clarifying co"e sections that a ly to se arately "erive" systems an" that a soli"ly connecte" ne!tral means a generator is not a se arately "erive" system. 7'8 Grounded *ystems. * !e#aratel% deri$ed ac !%!te- that i! gro"nded !hall co-#l% 'ith 250.30(* (1 thro"gh (* (8 . E/ce#t a! other'i!e #er-itted in thi! article+ a gro"nded cond"ctor !hall not ,e connected to nor-all% non3c"rrent3carr%ing -etal #art! of e."i#-ent+ ,e connected to e."i#-ent gro"nding cond"ctor!+ or ,e reconnected to gro"nd on the load !ide of the !%!te- ,onding 9"-#er.
1nfor-ational Note> ?ee 250.32 for connection! at !e#arate ,"ilding! or !tr"ct"re!+ and 250.142 for "!e of the gro"nded circ"it cond"ctor for gro"nding e."i#-ent.

Exception: Impedance grounded neutral system grounding connections shall be made as specified in 250.36 or 250.1 6! as applicable. 708 *ystem Bonding 4umper. *n "n!#liced !%!te- ,onding 9"-#er !hall co-#l% 'ith 250.28(* thro"gh (@ . Thi! connection !hall ,e -ade at an% !ingle #oint on the !e#aratel% deri$ed !%!te- frothe !o"rce to the fir!t !%!te- di!connecting -ean! or o$erc"rrent de$ice+ or it !hall ,e -ade at the !o"rce of a !e#aratel% deri$ed !%!te- that ha! no di!connecting -ean! or o$erc"rrent de$ice!+ in accordance 'ith 250.30(* (1 (a or (, . The !%!te- ,onding 9"-#er !hall re-ain 'ithin the enclo!"re 'here it originate!. 1f the !o"rce i! located o"t!ide the ,"ilding or !tr"ct"re !"##lied+ a !%!te- ,onding Page 3 of 30

9"-#er !hall ,e in!talled at the gro"nding electrode connection in co-#liance 'ith 250.30(C . Exception "o. 1: #or systems installed in accordance $ith %50.6! a single system bonding &umper connection to the tie point of the grounded circuit conductors from each po$er source shall be permitted. Exception "o. 2: ' system bonding &umper at both the source and the first disconnecting means shall be permitted if doing so does not establish a parallel path for the grounded conductor. If a grounded conductor is used in this manner! it shall not be smaller than the si(e specified for the system bonding &umper but shall not be re)uired to be larger than the ungrounded conductor*s+. #or the purposes of this exception! connection through the earth shall not be considered as pro,iding a parallel path. Exception "o. 3: -he si(e of the system bonding &umper for a system that supplies a .lass 1! .lass 2! or .lass 3 circuit! and is deri,ed from a transformer rated not more than 1000 ,olt/amperes! shall not be smaller than the deri,ed ungrounded conductors and shall not be smaller than 1% '01 copper or 12 '01 aluminum. (a Installed at the 2ource. The !%!te- ,onding 9"-#er !hall connect the gro"nded cond"ctor to the !"##l%3!ide ,onding 9"-#er and the nor-all% non3c"rrent3carr%ing -etal enclo!"re. (, Installed at the #irst 3isconnecting 4eans. The !%!te- ,onding 9"-#er !hall connect the gro"nded cond"ctor to the !"##l%3!ide ,onding 9"-#er+ the di!connecting -ean! enclo!"re+ and the e."i#-ent gro"nding cond"ctor(! . 718 *upply-*ide Bonding 4umper. 1f the !o"rce of a !e#aratel% deri$ed !%!te- and the fir!t di!connecting -ean! are located in !e#arate enclo!"re!+ a !"##l%3!ide ,onding 9"-#er !hall ,e in!talled 'ith the circ"it cond"ctor! fro- the !o"rce enclo!"re to the fir!t di!connecting -ean!. * !"##l%3!ide ,onding 9"-#er !hall not ,e re."ired to ,e larger than the deri$ed "ngro"nded cond"ctor!. The !"##l%3 !ide ,onding 9"-#er !hall ,e #er-itted to ,e of nonfle/i,le -etal race'a% t%#e or of the 'ire or ,"! t%#e a! follo'!> (a * !"##l%3!ide ,onding 9"-#er of the 'ire t%#e !hall co-#l% 'ith 250.102(C + ,a!ed on the !i2e of the deri$ed "ngro"nded cond"ctor!. (, * !"##l%3!ide ,onding 9"-#er of the ,"! t%#e !hall ha$e a cro!!3!ectional area not !-aller than a !"##l%3!ide ,onding 9"-#er of the 'ire t%#e a! deter-ined in 250.102(C . My take: #his entire section is new an" rovi"es clarification on si0ing an" installation of the s! ly1si"e $on"ing 2!m er. 3oth 4a5 an" 4$5 oint to 250.)02 $!t that sections "irects the rea"er to #a$le 250.%% which lists the 6ro!n"ing Electro"e Con"!ctor *i0es $ase" on the associate" service entrance con"!ctor si0e. 768 Grounded Conductor. 1f a gro"nded cond"ctor i! in!talled and the !%!te- ,onding 9"-#er connection i! not located at the !o"rce+ (250.30(* (3 (a thro"gh (* (3 (d !hall a##l%. (a 2i(ing for a 2ingle 5ace$ay. The gro"nded cond"ctor !hall not ,e !-aller than the re."ired gro"nding electrode cond"ctor !#ecified in Ta,le 250.66 ,"t !hall not ,e re."ired to ,e larger than the large!t deri$ed "ngro"nded cond"ctor! larger than 100 (c-il co##er or 1750 (c-il al"-in"-+ the gro"nded cond"ctor !hall not ,e !-aller than 12A #ercent of the circ"lar -il area of the large!t !et of deri$ed "ngro"nded cond"ctor!. (, 6arallel .onductors in -$o or 4ore 5ace$ays. 1f the "ngro"nded cond"ctor! are in!talled in #arallel in t'o or -ore race'a%!+ the gro"nded cond"ctor !hall al!o ,e in!talled in #arallel. Page 4 of 30

The !i2e of the gro"nded cond"ctor in each race'a% !hall ,e ,a!ed on the total circ"lar -il area of the #arallel deri$ed "ngro"nded cond"ctor! in the race'a% a! indicated in 250.30(* (3 (a + ,"t not !-aller than 160 *BC.
1nfor-ational Note> ?ee 310.10(: for gro"nded cond"ctor! connected in #arallel.

(c 3elta/.onnected 2ystem. The gro"nded cond"ctor of a 33#ha!e+ 33'ire delta !%!te- !hall ha$e an a-#acit% not le!! than that of the "ngro"nded cond"ctor!. (d 1-#edance Cro"nded ?%!te-. The gro"nded cond"ctor of an i-#edance gro"nded ne"tral !%!te- !hall ,e in!talled in accordance 'ith 250.36 or 250.186+ a! a##lica,le. My take: 7n this case, si0ing an" installation is given for the 6ro!n"e" Con"!ctor. Most eo le refer to this as a 8ne!tral8, tho!gh a ne!tral con"!ctor an" gro!n"e" con"!ctor are not always the same thing. 7n any regar"s, this section is a""e" to clarify the gro!n1fa!lt ret!rn to the ower so!rce. 798 Grounding (lectrode. The gro"nding electrode !hall ,e a! near a! #ractica,le to+ and #refera,l% in the !a-e area a!+ the gro"nding electrode cond"ctor connection to the !%!te-. The gro"nding electrode !hall ,e the neare!t of one of the follo'ing> (1 5etal 'ater #i#e gro"nding electrode a! !#ecified in 250.52(* (1 . (2 ?tr"ct"ral -etal gro"nding electrode a! !#ecified in 250.52(* (2 . Exception "o. 1: 'ny of the other electrodes identified in 250.52*'+ shall be used if the electrodes specified by 250.30*'+*%+ are not a,ailable. Exception "o. 2 to *1+ and *2+: If a separately deri,ed system originates in listed e)uipment suitable for use as ser,ice e)uipment! the grounding electrode used for the ser,ice or feeder e)uipment shall be permitted as the grounding electrode for the separately deri,ed system.
1nfor-ational Note No. 1> ?ee 250.104(@ for ,onding re."ire-ent! for interior -etal 'ater #i#ing in the area !er$ed ,% !e#aratel% deri$ed !%!te-!. 1nfor-ational Note No. 2> ?ee 250.50 and 250.58 for re."ire-ent! for ,onding all electrode! together if located at the !a-e ,"ilding or !tr"ct"re.

My take: #his section is a""e" to state that the 6ro!n"ing Electro"e 4the main connection to earth5 is re-!ire" to $e locate" in close ro/imity to the connection oint of the gro!n"ing electro"e con"!ctor for a se arately "erive" system. #his can occ!r at the ower so!rce or the first means of "isconnect. 728 Grounding (lectrode Conductor5 *ingle *eparately "eri)ed *ystem. * gro"nding electrode cond"ctor for a !ingle !e#aratel% deri$ed !%!te- !hall ,e !i2ed in accordance 'ith 250.66 for the deri$ed "ngro"nded cond"ctor!. 1t !hall ,e "!ed to connect the gro"nded cond"ctor of the deri$ed !%!te- to the gro"nding electrode a! !#ecified in 250.30(* (4 . Thi! connection !hall ,e -ade at the !a-e #oint on the !e#aratel% deri$ed !%!te- 'here the !%!te- ,onding 9"-#er i! connected.

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7:8 Grounding (lectrode Conductor5 Multiple *eparately "eri)ed *ystems. * co--on gro"nding electrode cond"ctor for -"lti#le !e#aratel% deri$e !%!te-! !hall ,e #er-itted. 1f in!talled+ the co--on gro"nding electrode cond"ctor !hall ,e "!ed to connect the gro"nded cond"ctor of the !e#aratel% deri$ed !%!te-! to the gro"nding electrode a! !#ecified in 250.30(* (4 . * gro"nding electrode cond"ctor ta# !hall then ,e in!talled fro- each !e#aratel% deri$ed !%!te- to the co--on gro"nding electrode cond"ctor. Each ta# cond"ctor !hall connect the gro"nded cond"ctor of the !e#aratel% deri$ed !%!te- to the co--on gro"nding electrode cond"ctor. Thi! connection !hall ,e -ade at the !a-e #oint on the !e#aratel% deri$ed !%!te- 'here the !%!te- ,onding 9"-#er i! connected. (a .ommon 1rounding Electrode .onductor . The co--on gro"nding electrode cond"ctor !hall ,e #er-itted to ,e one of the follo'ing> (1 * cond"ctor of the 'ire t%#e not !-aller than 360 *BC co##er or 250 (c-il al"-in"-. (2 The -etal fra-e of the ,"ilding or !tr"ct"re that co-#lie! 'ith 250.52(* (2 or i! connected to the gro"nding electrode !%!te- ,% a cond"ctor that !hall not ,e !-aller than 360 *BC co##er or 250 (c-il al"-in"-. (, -ap .onductor 2i(e. Each ta# cond"ctor !hall ,e !i2ed in accordance 'ith 250.66 ,a!ed on the deri$ed "ngro"nded cond"ctor! of the !e#aratel% deri$ed !%!te- it !er$e!. (c (1 * connector li!ted a! gro"nding and ,onding e."i#-ent. (2 Di!ted connection! to al"-in"- or co##er ,"!,ar! not !-aller than 6-- / 50-- (164in. E 2in. . 1f al"-in"- ,"!,ar! are "!ed+ the in!tallation !hall co-#l% 'ith 250.64(* . My take: #his new section gives g!i"elines for connecting m!lti le gro!n"ing electro"e con"!ctor ta s of se arately "ervice" systems to a common gro!n"ing electro"e con"!ctor. *!$1section 4a5 then gives the si0ing re-!irements for the common gro!n"ing electro"e con"!ctor. 7;8 Bonding5 7B8 !ngrounded *ystems. The e."i#-ent of an "ngro"nded !e#aratel% deri$ed !%!te!hall ,e gro"nded and ,onded a! !#ecified in 250.30(= (1 thro"gh (= (3 . 708 Grounding (lectrode Conductor. * gro"nding electrode cond"ctor+ !i2ed in accordance 'ith 250.66 for the large!t deri$ed "ngro"nded cond"ctor(! or !et of deri$ed "ngro"nded cond"ctor!+ !hall ,e "!ed to connect the -etal enclo!"re! of the deri$ed !%!te- to the gro"nding electrode a! !#ecified in 250.30(* (5 or (6 + a! a##lica,le. Thi! connection !hall ,e -ade at an% #oint on the !e#aratel% deri$ed !%!te- fro- the !o"rce to the fir!t !%!te- di!connecting -ean!. 1f the !o"rce i! located o"t!ide the ,"ilding or !tr"ct"re !"##lied+ a gro"nding electrode connection !hall ,e -ade in co-#liance 'ith 250.30(C . 718 (No Change fro- NEC 2008 768 Bonding &ath and Conductor. * !"##l%3!ide ,onding 9"-#er !hall ,e in!talled fro- the !o"rce of a !e#aratel% deri$ed !%!te- to the fir!t di!connecting -ean! in co-#liance 'ith 250.30(* (2 . My take: 9or any electrical "esign rofessional, this section clarifies an" a""s the o$vio!s: Any an" all se arately "erive" systems nee"s to $e gro!n"e" an" $on"e".

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7C8 <utdoor *ource. 1f the !o"rce of the !e#aratel% deri$ed !%!te- i! located o"t!ide the ,"ilding or !tr"ct"re !"##lied+ a gro"nding electrode connection !hall ,e -ade at the !o"rce location to one or -ore gro"nding electrode! in co-#liance 'ith 250.50. 1n addition+ the in!tallation !hall co-#l% 'ith 250.30(* for gro"nded !%!te-! or 'ith 250.30(= for "ngro"nded !%!te-!. Exception: -he grounding electrode conductor connection for impedance grounded neutral systems shall comply $ith 250.36 or 250.1 6! as applicable. My take: #his clarification is a""e" to the Co"e for generators, transformers, hotovoltaic solar systems, $atteries or other motors that are locate" o!tsi"e an" nee" to $e gro!n"e". 123.61 Buildings or *tructures *upplied by a $eeder7s8 or Branch Circuit7s8 7'8 (No Change fro- NEC 2008 7B8 Grounded *ystems 708 *upplied by a $eeder or Branch Circuit. (No Change fro- NEC 2008 Exception: #or installations made in compliance $ith pre,ious editions of this .ode that permitted such connection! the grounded conductor run $ith the supply to the building or structure shall be permitted to ser,e as the ground/fault return path if all of the follo$ing re)uirements continue to be met: My take: :evisions have $een ma"e to this section.s E/ce tion to clarify 8 revio!s e"itions of this Co"e8 an" 8gro!n"1fa!lt ret!rn ath8. 718 *upplied by *eparately "eri)ed *ystem. 7a8 0ith 7,ercurrent 6rotection. 1f o$erc"rrent #rotection i! #ro$ided 'here the cond"ctor! originate+ the in!tallation !hall co-#l% 'ith 250.32(= (1 . My take:#his is a new section, which somewhat states the o$vio!s. 7f a system for an a"2acent $!il"ing has overc!rent rotection, than it com lies with 250.;2435. 123.21 Grounding (lectrodes 7'8 (lectrodes &ermitted #or Grounding. 708 Metal !nderground +ater &ipe. * -etal "ndergro"nd 'ater #i#e in direct contact 'ith the earth for 3.0- (10 ft or -ore (incl"ding an% -etal 'ell ca!ing ,onded to the #i#e and electricall% contin"o"! (or -ade electricall% contin"o"! ,% ,onding aro"nd in!"lating 9oint! or in!"lating #i#e to the #oint! of connection of the gro"nding electrode cond"ctor and the ,onding cond"ctor(! or 9"-#er(! + if in!talled. 718 Metal $rame o# the Building or *tructure. The -etal fra-e of the ,"ilding or !tr"ct"re that i! connected to the earth ,% one or -ore of the follo'ing -ethod!> (1 *t lea!t one !tr"ct"ral -etal -e-,er that i! in direct contact 'ith the earth 3.0- (10 ft or -ore+ 'ith or 'itho"t concrete enca!e-ent. (2 :old3do'n ,olt! !ec"ring the !tr"ct"ral !teel col"-n that are connected to a concrete3 enca!ed electrode that co-#lie! 'ith 250.52(* (3 and i! located in the !"##ort footing Page 7 of 30

or fo"ndation. The hold3do'n ,olt! !hall ,e connected to the concrete3enca!ed electrode ,% 'elding+ e/other-ic 'elding+ the "!"al !teel tie 'ire!+ or other a##ro$ed -ean!. My take: #his section clarifies when the metal frame of a $!il"ing can act as the 6ro!n"ing Electro"e. 768 Concrete-(ncased (lectrode. * concrete3enca!ed electrode !hall con!i!t of at lea!t 6.0- (20 ft of either (1 or (2 > (1 &ne or -ore ,are or 2inc gal$ani2ed or other electricall% cond"cti$e coated !teel reinforcing ,ar! or rod! of not le!! than 13-- (162in. in dia-ter+ in!talled in one contin"o"! 6.0- (20 ft length+ or if in -"lti#le #iece! connected together ,% the "!"al !teel tie 'ire!+ e/other-ic 'elding+ 'elding+ or other effecti$e -ean! to create 6.0(20 ft or greater lengthF or (2 =are co##er cond"ctor not !-aller than 4 *BC. 5etallic co-#onent! !hall ,e enca!ed ,% at lea!t 50 -- (2 in. of concrete and !hall ,e located hori2ontall% 'ithin that #ortion of a concrete fo"ndation or footing that i! in direct contact 'ith the earth or 'ithin $ertical fo"ndation! or !tr"ct"ral co-#onent! or -e-,er! that are in direct contact 'ith the earth. 1f -"lti#le concrete3enca!ed electrode! are #re!ent at a ,"ilding or !tr"ct"re+ it !hall ,e #er-i!!i,le to ,ond onl% one into the gro"nding electrode !%!te-.
1nfor-ational Note> Concrete in!talled 'ith in!"lation+ $a#or ,arrier!+ fil-! or !i-ilar ite-! !e#arating the concrete fro- the earth i! not con!idered to ,e in 7direct contact8 'ith the earth.

My take: #his new section "etails the re-!irements for a concrete1 encase" electro"e to $e the 6ro!n"ing Electro"e. #hese are commonly !se" in renovation ro2ects when a "irect connection to the water i ing or $!il"ing steel is not availa$le. 7=8 &late (lectrodes. Each #late electrode !hall e/#o!e not le!! than 0.186 -2 (2 ft2 of !"rface to e/terior !oil. Electrode! of ,are or cond"cti$el% coated iron or !teel #late! !hall ,e at lea!t 6.44 -- (G in. in thic(ne!!. ?olid+ "ncoated electrode! of nonferro"! -etal !hall ,e at lea!t 1.55 -- (0.06 in. in thic(ne!!. 123.26 Grounding (lectrode *ystem %nstallation 7'8 Rod5 &ipe5 and &late (lectrodes. Hod+ #i#e+ and #late electrode! !hall -eet the re."ire-ent! of 250.53(* (1 thro"gh (* (3 . 708 Below &ermanent Moisture >e)el. 1f #ractica,le+ rod+ #i#e+ and #late electrode! !hall ,e e-,edded ,elo' #er-anent -oi!t"re le$el. Hod+ #i#e+ and #late electrode! !hall ,e free frononcond"cti$e coating! !"ch a! #aint or ena-el. 718 *upplemental (lectrode Re?uired. * !ingle rod+ #i#e+ or #late electrode !hall ,e !"##le-ented ,% an additional electrode of a t%#e !#ecified in 250.52(* (2 thro"gh (* (8 . The !"##le-ental electrode !hall ,e #er-itted to ,e ,onded to one of the follo'ing> (1 Hod+ #i#e+ or #late electrode. Page 8 of 30

(2 Cro"nding electrode cond"ctor. (3 Cro"nded !er$ice3entrance cond"ctor. (4 Nonfle/i,le gro"nded !er$ice race'a%. (5 *n% gro"nded !er$ice enclo!"re. Exception: If a single rod! pipe! or plate grounding electrode has a resistance to earth of 25 ohms or less! the supplemental electrode shall not be re)uired. My take: #his new section gives the re-!irements when a s! electro"e is ermitte" for ro", i e, an"<or late electro"es. lemental

768 *upplemental (lectrode. 1f -"lti#le rod+ #i#e+ or #late electrode! are in!talled to -eet the re."ire-ent! of thi! !ection+ the% !hall not ,e le!! than 1.8- (6 ft a#art.
1nfor-ational Note> The #aralleling efficienc% of rod! i! increa!ed ,% !#acing the- t'ice the length of the longe!t rod.

My take: #he Co"e is now stating that s! lemental ro", i e, an"<or late electro"es are to $e s ace over %ft. a art tho!gh its very common to s ace them )0ft. a art. 7B8 (lectrode *pacing. Bhere -ore than one of the electrode! of the t%#e !#ecified in 250.52(* (5 or (* (7 are "!ed+ each electrode of one gro"nding !%!te- (incl"ding that "!ed for !tri(e ter-ination de$ice! !hall not ,e le!! than 1.83 - (6 ft fro- an% other electrode of another gro"nding !%!te-. T'o or -ore gro"nding electrode! that are ,onded together !hall ,e con!idered a !ingle gro"nding electrode !%!te-. 7"8 Metal !nderground +ater &ipe 718 *upplemental (lectrode Re?uired. * -etal "ndergro"nd 'ater #i#e !hall ,e !"##le-ented ,% an additional electrode of a t%#e !#ecified in 250.52(* (2 thro"gh (* (8 . 1f the !"##le-ental electrode i! of the rod+ #i#e+ or #late t%#e+ it !hall co-#l% 'ith 250.53(* . The !"##le-ental electrode !hall ,e ,onded to one of the follo'ing> (1 Cro"nding electrode cond"ctor (2 Cro"nded !er$ice3entrance cond"ctor (3 Nonfle/i,le gro"nded !er$ice race'a% (4 *n% gro"nded !er$ice enclo!"re (5 *! #ro$ided ,% 250.32(= My take: A""itions to this e/isting section list the s! lemental re-!irements for metal water !n"ergro!n" i ing. As state" a$ove, the common way of s! lementing is with a concrete1encase" electro"e. 123.013 (?uipment Grounding Conductor %nstallation 7C8 (?uipment Grounding Conductors *maller Than : '+G. Bhere not ro"ted 'ith circ"it cond"ctor! a! #er-itted in 250.130(C and 250.134(= E/ce#tion No. 2+ e."i#-ent gro"nding cond"ctor! !-aller than 6 *BC !hall ,e #rotected fro- #h%!ical da-age ,% an identified race'a% or ca,le ar-or "nle!! in!talled 'ithin hollo' !#ace! of the fra-ing -e-,er! of ,"ilding! or !tr"ct"re! and 'here not !",9ect to #h%!ical da-age.

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My take: #his is an e/isting section that has $een re1written to incl!"e the 8where not ro!te" with circ!it con"!ctors8 conce t. 123.010 !se o# (?uipment Grounding Conductors *n e."i#-ent gro"nding cond"ctor !hall not ,e "!ed a! a gro"nding electrode cond"ctor. My take: New section. #he e-!i ment gro!n"ing con"!ctor an" gro!n"ing electro"e con"!ctor are $on"e" to one another $!t can never $e s!$stit!te" for one another. 123.011 *i@e o# (?uipment Grounding Conductors 7'8 General. Co##er+ al"-in"-+ or co##er3clad al"-in"- e."i#-ent gro"nding cond"ctor! of the 'ire t%#e !hall not ,e !-aller than !ho'n in Ta,le 250.122+ ,"t in no ca!e !hall the% ,e re."ired to ,e larger than the circ"it cond"ctor! !"##l%ing the e."i#-ent. Bhere a ca,le tra%+ a race'a%+ or a ca,le ar-or or !heath i! "!ed a! the e."i#-ent gro"nding cond"ctor+ a! #ro$ided in 250.118 and 250.134(* + it !hall co-#l% 'ith 250.4(* (5 or (= (4 . E."i#-ent gro"nding cond"ctor! !hall ,e #er-itted to ,e !ectioned 'ithin a -"lticond"ctor ca,le+ #ro$ided the co-,ined circ"lar -il area co-#lie! 'ith Ta,le 250.122. 'rticle :A3 *olar &hoto)oltaic *ystems :A3.9= Grounding (lectrode *ystem My take: *olar hotovoltaic 4+,5 systems are slowly growing in o !larity. 9rom my "esign e/ erience, there are com anies that are making !se of 8solar farms8 to ro"!ce electricity an" which is sol" to the regional !tilities. 7n stan"s to reason than that the Co"e wo!l" foc!s more on these systems an" in this case the foc!s is on the gro!n"ing system. 7'8 'lternating-Current *ystems. 1f in!talling an ac !%!te-+ a gro"nding electrode !%!te- !hall ,e #ro$ided in accordance 'ith 250.50 thro"gh 250.60. The gro"nding electrode cond"ctor !hall ,e in!talled in accordance 'ith 250.64. 7B8 "irect-Current *ystems. 1f in!talling a dc !%!te-+ a gro"nding electrode !%!te- !hall ,e #ro$ided in accordance 'ith 250.166 for gro"nded !%!te-! or 250.169 for "ngro"nded !%!te-!. The gro"nding electrode cond"ctor !hall ,e in!talled in accordance 'ith 250.64. * co--on dc gro"#ing3electrode cond"ctor !hall ,e #er-itted to !er$e -"lti#le in$erter!. The !i2e of the co--on gro"nding electrode and the ta# cond"ctor! !hall ,e in accordance 'ih 250.166. The ta# cond"ctor! !hall ,e connected to the co--on gro"nding3electrode cond"ctor ,% e/other-ic 'elding or 'ith connector! li!ted a! gro"nding and ,onding e."i#-ent in !"ch a -anner that the co--on gro"nding electrode cond"ctor re-ain! 'itho"t a !#lice or 9oint. My take: New g!i"elines are a""e" allowing m!lti ler "c inverters to $e serve" $y a gro! ing1electro"e con"!ctor. 7C8 *ystems with 'lternating-Current and "irect-Current Grounding Re?uirements. Page 10 of 30

Photo$oltaic !%!te-! ha$ing dc circ"it! and ac circ"it! 'ith no direct connection ,et'een the dc gro"nded cond"ctor and the ac gro"nded cond"ctor !hall ha$e a dc gro"nding !%!te-. The dc gro"nding !%!te- !hall ,e ,onded to the ac gro"nding !%!te- ,% one of the -ethod! in (1 + (2 + or (3 . Thi! !ection !hall not a##l% to ac PI -od"le!. Bhen "!ing the -ethod! of (C (2 or (C (3 + the e/i!ting ac gro"nding electrode !%!te- !hall -eet the a##lica,le re."ire-ent! of *rticle 250+ Part 111.
1nfor-ational Note No. 1> *N?160D 1741+ 2tandard for In,erters! .on,erters! and .ontrollers for 8se in Independent 6o$er 2ystems+ re."ire! that an% in$erter or charge controller that ha! a ,onding 9"-#er ,et'een the gro"nded dc cond"ctor and the gro"nding !%!te- connection #oint ha$e that #oint -ar(ed a! a gro"nding electrode cond"ctor (CEC connection #oint. 1n PI in$erter!+ the ter-inal! for the dc e."i#-ent gro"nding cond"ctor! and the ter-inal! for ac e."i#-ent gro"nding cond"ctor! are generall% connected to+ or electricall% in co--on 'ith+ a gro"nding ,"!,ar that ha! a -ar(ed dc CEC ter-inal. 1nfor-ational Note No. 2> )or "tilit%3interacti$e !%!te-!+ the e/i!ting #re-i!e! gro"nding !%!te!er$e! a! the ac gro"nding !%!te-.

708 *eparate "irect-Current Grounding (lectrode *ystem Bonded to the 'lternating-Current Grounding (lectrode *ystem. * !e#arate dc gro"nding electrode or !%!te- !hall ,e in!talled+ and it !hall ,e ,onded directl% to the ac gro"nding electrode !%!te-. The !i2e of an% ,onding 9"-#er(! ,et'een the ac and dc !%!te-! !hall ,e ,a!ed on the larger !i2e of the e/i!ting ac gro"nding electrode cond"ctor or the !i2e of the dc gro"nding electrode cond"ctor !#ecified ,% 250.166. The dc gro"nding electrode !%!te- cond"ctor(! or the ,onding 9"-#er! to the ac gro"nding electrode !%!te- !hall not ,e "!ed a! a !",!tit"te for an% re."ired ac e."i#-ent gro"nding cond"ctor!. 718 Common "irect-Current and 'lternating-Current Grounding (lectrode. * dc gro"nding electrode cond"ctor of the !i2e !#ecified ,% 250.166 !hall ,e r"n fro- the -ar(ed dc gro"nding electrode connection #oint to the ac gro"nding electrode. Bhere an ac gro"nding electrode i! not acce!!i,le+ the dc gro"nding electrode cond"ctor !hall ,e connected to the ac gro"nding electrode cond"ctor in accordance 'ith 250.64(C (1 . Thi! dc gro"nding electrode cond"ctor !hall not ,e "!ed a! a !",!tit"te for an% re."ired ac e."i#-ent gro"nding cond"ctor!. 768 Combined "irect-Current Grounding (lectrode Conductor and 'lternating-Current (?uipment Grounding Conductor. *n "n!#liced+ or irre$er!i,l% !#liced+ co-,ined gro"nding cond"ctor !hall ,e r"n fro- the -ar(ed dc gro"nding electrode cond"ctor connection #oint along 'ith the ac circ"it cond"ctor! to the gro"nding ,"!,ar in the a!!ociated ac e."i#-ent. Thi! co-,ined gro"nding cond"ctor !hall ,e the larger of the !i2e! !#ecified ,% 250.122 or 250.166 and !hall ,e in!talled in accordance 'ith 250.64(E . My take: *ection 4C5 contains m!lti le g!i"elines for the $on"ing of the "c gro!n"ing system to the ac gro!n"ing system, with a "c gro!n"ing system. #he com$ine" gro!n"ing re-!ire" in this section esta$lishes one gro!n"ing system for the entire +, system from the +, array to the ac oint of connection.

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1. Receptacles
103.21 "welling !nit Receptacle <utlets 7'8 General &ro)isions 708-768 (No Change fro- NEC 2008 798 Countertop Receptacles. Hece#tacle! in!talled for co"nterto# !"rface! a! !#ecified in 210.52(C !hall not ,e con!idered a! the rece#tacle! re."ired ,% 210.52(* . My take: #here are n!mero!s changes to co!nterto rece tacle re-!irements in 2)0.524C5 as yo! will see $elow. #his section is a""e" to state that co!nterto rece tacles are in a""ition to, not incl!"e" in, the 6eneral +rovisions for =welling >nit rece tacles as covere" in 2)0.524A5. 7C8 708-768 (No Change fro- NEC 2008 798 *eparate *paces. Co"nterto# !#ace! !e#arated ,% rangeto#!+ refrigerator!+ or !in(! !hall ,e con!idered a! !e#arate co"nterto# !#ace! in a##l%ing the re."ire-ent! of 210.52(C (1 . 1f a range+ co"nter3-o"nted coo(ing "nit+ or !in( i! in!talled in an i!land or #enin!"lar co"nterto# and the de#th of the co"nterto# ,ehind the range+ co"nter3-o"nted coo(ing "nit+ or !in( i! le!! than 300-- (12in. + the range co"nter3-o"nted coo(ing "nit+ or !in( !hall ,e con!idered to di$ide the co"nterto# !#ace into t'o !e#arate co"nterto# !#ace!. Each !e#arate co"nterto# !#ace !hall co-#l% 'ith the a##lica,le re."ire-ent! in 210.52(C . My take: #his section has $een clarifie" to a""ress rece tacle locations in islan"s or enins!lar co!nterto s. 728 Receptacle <utlet >ocation. Hece#tacle o"tlet! !hall ,e located on or a,o$e+ ,"t not -ore than 500-- (20in. a,o$e+ the co"nterto#. Hece#tacle o"tlet a!!e-,lie! li!ted for the a##lication !hall ,e #er-itted to ,e in!talled in co"nterto#!. Hece#tacle o"tlet! rendered not readil% acce!!i,le ,% a##liance! fa!tened in #lace+ a##liance garage!+ !in(!+ or rangeto#! a! co$ered in 210.52(C (1 + E/ce#tion+ or a##liance! occ"#%ing dedicated !#ace !hall not ,e con!idered a! the!e re."ired o"tlet!.
1nfor-ational Note> ?ee 406.5(E for re."ire-ent! for in!tallation of rece#tacle! in co"nterto#!.

7"8 Bathrooms. 1n d'elling "nit!+ at lea!t one rece#tacle o"tlet !hall ,e in!talled in ,athroo-! 'ith 900-- (3 ft of the o"t!ide edge of each ,a!in. The rece#tacle o"tlet !hall ,e located on a 'all or #artition that i! ad9acent to the ,a!in or ,a!in co"nterto#+ located on the co"nterto#+ or in!talled on the !ide or face of the ,a!in ca,inet not -ore than 300-- (12 in. ,elo' the co"nterto#. Hece#tacle o"tlet a!!e-,lie! li!ted for the a##lication !hall ,e #er-itted to ,e in!talled in the co"nterto#.
1nfor-ational Note> ?ee 406.5(E for re."ire-ent! for in!tallation of rece#tacle! in co"nterto#!.

7(8-7$8 (No Change fro- NEC 2008 7G8 Basements5 Garages5 and 'ccessory Buildings. )or a one3fa-il% d'elling+ the follo'ing #ro$i!ion! !hall a##l%> (1 *t lea!t one rece#tacle o"tlet+ in addition to tho!e for !#ecific e."i#-ent+ !hall ,e in!talled in each ,a!e-ent+ in each attached garage+ and in each detached garage or acce!!or% ,"ilding Page 12 of 30

'ith electric #o'er. (2 (No Change fro- NEC 2008 7,8 (No Change fro- NEC 2008 7%8 $oyers. )o%er! that are not #art of a hall'a% in accordance 'ith 210.52(: and that ha$e an area that i! greater than 5.6-2 (60ft2 !hall ha$e a rece#tacle!(! located in each 'all !#ace 900-- (3 ft or -ore in 'idth and "n,ro(en ,% door'a%!+ floor3to3ceiling 'indo'!+ and !i-ilar o#ening!. My take: 2)0.52 now incl!"es rece tacle locations for 9oyers. ?hat has ty ically $een a "esign stan"ar" in recent years, when locating rece tacles, is now a re-!irement in the Co"e. 93:.1 "e#inition Child Care $acility. * ,"ilding or !tr"ct"re+ or #ortion thereof+ for ed"cational+ !"#er$i!or%+ or #er!onal care !er$ice! for -ore than fo"r children 7 %ear! old or le!!. My take: #he incl!sion of Chil" Care 9acility in the "efinitions is a necessary a""ition as it is mentione" several times thro!gho!t the Co"e an" co!l" otentially $e inter rete" as several things. Also, the a""ition of this "efinition ca!ses all s!$se-!ent sections in Article '0% to $e re1 n!m$ere". 93:.9 General %nstallation Re?uirements My take: #his was formerly section '0%.; 7'8-7C8 (No Change fro- NEC 2008 7"8 708-768 (No Change fro- NEC 2008 7"8798 'rc $ault Circuit-%nterrupter &rotection. ?ee *rc )a"lt Circ"it 1nterr"#tion ?ection 728 Tamper-Resistant Receptacles. Di!ted ta-#er3re!i!tant rece#tacle! !hall ,e #ro$ided 'here re#lace-ent! are -ade at rece#tacle o"tlet that are re."ired to ,e ta-#er3re!i!tant el!e'here in thi! .ode. 7:8 +eather-Resistant Receptacles. Beather3He!i!tant rece#tacle! !hall ,e #ro$ided 'here re#lace-ent! are -ade at rece#tacle o"tlet! that are re."ired to ,e !o #rotected el!e'here in thi! .ode. My take: Again, the Co"e got it right $y a""ing clear "efinitions for #am er1:esistant an" ?eather1:esistant :ece tacles. 93:.: Receptacle $aceplates 7Co)er &lates8 Hece#tacle face#late! !hall ,e in!talled !o a! to co-#letel% co$er the o#ening and !eat again!t the -o"nting !"rface. Hece#tacle face#late! -o"nted in!ide a ,o/ ha$ing a rece!!3-o"nted rece#tacle !hall effecti$el% clo!e the o#ening and !eat again!t the -o"nting !"rface. My take: 9!rther clarification of how to seal a recess1mo!nte" Page 13 of 30

rece tacle. 93:.A Receptacles in "amp or +et >ocations My take: #his was formerly *ection '0%.8. 7'8 (No Change fro- NEC 2008 7B8 +et >ocations 708 02- and 13-'mpere Receptacles in a +et >ocation. 153 and 203a-#ere+ 1253 and 2503$olt rece#tacle! in!talled in a 'et location !hall ha$e an enclo!"re that i! 'eather#roof 'hether or not the attach-ent #l"g ca# i! in!erted. )or other than one3 or t'o3fa-il% d'elling!+ an o"tlet ,o/ hood in!talled for thi! #"r#o!e !hall ,e li!ted+ and 'here in!talled on an enclo!"re !"##orted fro- grade a! de!cri,ed in 314.23(= or a! de!cri,ed in 314.23() !hall ,e identified a! 7e/tra3d"t%8. *ll 153 and 203 a-#ere+ 1253 and 2503$olt non3loc(ing3t%#e rece#tacle! !hall ,e li!ted 'eather3re!i!tant t%#e.
1nfor-ational Note No. 1> He."ire-ent! for e/tra3d"t% o"tlet ,o/ hood! are fo"nd in *N?160D 514@32000+ Co$er Plate! for )l"!h35o"nted Biring @e$ice!.

My take: :evisions are ma"e to this section to incl!"e 8e/tra1"!ty8 re-!irements. 93:.01 Tamper-Resistant Receptacles #or dwelling !nits My take: #his was formerly *ection '0%.)). 1n all area! !#ecified in 210.52+ all nonloc(ing3t%#e 1253$olt+ 153 and 203a-#ere rece#tacle! !hall ,e li!ted ta-#er3re!i!tant rece#tacle!. Exception: 5eceptacles in the follo$ing locations shall not be re)uired to be tamper/resistant: *1+ 5eceptacles located more than 1.9m *5: ft+ abo,e the floor. *2+ 5eceptacles that are part of a luminaire or appliance. *3+ ' single receptacle or a duplex receptacle for t$o appliances located $ithin dedicated space for each appliance that! in normal use! is not easily mo,ed from one place to another and that is cord/and/plug connected in accordance $ith %00.9*'+*6+! *'+*9+! or *'+* +. *%+ "ongrounding receptacles used for replacements as permitted in %06.%*3+*2+*a+. My take: #his section has $een revise" to rovi"e ' e/ce tions where tam er1resistant rece tacles are not re-!ire". #his section was new to the 2008 NEC $!t it was a $it e/treme. 3y a""ing these e/ce tions, the Co"e is acknowle"ging that chil"ren.s safety is im ortant $!t that tam er1resistant rece tacle lacement sho!l" $e ractical as well. 93:.06 Tamper-Resistant Receptacles in Guest Rooms and Guest *uites *ll nonloc(ing3t%#e 1253$olt+ 153 and 203a-#ere rece#tacle! located in g"e!t roo-! and g"e!t !"ite! !hall ,e li!ted ta-#er3re!i!tant rece#tacle!. My take: #his new section re-!ires that all 6!est :ooms<*!ites shall have tam er1resistant rece tacles. 93:.09 Tamper-Resistant Receptacles in Child Care $acilities 1n all child care facilitie!+ all nonloc(ing3t%#e 1253$olt+ 153 and 203a-#ere rece#tacle! !hall ,e li!ted Page 14 of 30

ta-#er3re!i!tant rece#tacle!. My take: #his is the reason that the "efinition of Chil"1Care 9acility was a""e" in '0%.2. #am er1resistant rece tacles have $een a "esign stan"ar" in Chil" Care 9acilities for years so it.s goo" to see that it is now a Co"e re-!irement.

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My take: #he "efinitions liste" $elow are locate" in Article )00. #he only ones incl!"e" in this list are ones that are new or are revise". 'rticle 033 "e#initions 'mpacity. The -a/i-"- c"rrent+ in a-#ere!+ that a cond"ctor can carr% contin"o"!l% "nder the condition! of "!e 'itho"t e/ceeding it! te-#erat"re rating. 'rc-$ault Circuit-%nterrupter 7'$C%8. * de$ice intended to #ro$ide #rotection fro- the effect! of arc fa"lt! ,% recogni2ing characteri!tic! "ni."e to arcing and ,% f"nctioning to de3energi2e the circ"it 'hen an arc fa"lt i! detected. My take: #his "efinition is long over"!e. #he Co"e has gra"!ally increase" g!i"elines for arc fa!lt rotection "!ring the last several e"itions witho!t ever "efining the e/act meaning, er N9+A, of the hrase. 'utomatic. Perfor-ing a f"nction 'itho"t the nece!!it% of h"-an inter$ention. Bathroom. *n area incl"ding a ,a!in 'ith one or -ore of the follo'ing> a toilet+ a "rinal+ a t",+ a !ho'er+ a ,idet+ or !i-ilar #l"-,ing fi/t"re!. Bonding Conductor or 4umper. * relia,le cond"ctor to en!"re the re."ired electrical cond"cti$it% ,et'een -etal #art! re."ired to ,e electricall% connected. My take: #his is 2!st a change in ver$iage. 7t.s always $een known as a $on"ing 2!m er $!t it can now $e referre" to as a $on"ing con"!ctor also. Bonding 4umper5 *ystem. The connection ,et'een the gro"nded circ"it cond"ctor and the !"##l%3 !ide ,onding 9"-#er+ or the e."i#-ent gro"nding cond"ctor+ or ,oth+ at a !e#aratel% deri$ed !%!te-. My take: #his "efinition refers to the system as a whole where the ne!trals from the $ranch circ!its are connecte" to the ne!tral $!s in the anel an" the ne!tral $!s is then connecte" to the gro!n" $!s via the main $on"ing 2!m er. (Bplosionproo# (?uipment. E."i#-ent enclo!ed in a ca!e that i! ca#a,le of 'ith!tanding an e/#lo!ion of a !#ecified ga! or $a#or that -a% occ"r 'ithin it and of #re$enting the ignition of a !#ecified ga! or $a#or !"rro"nding the enclo!"re ,% !#ar(!+ fla!he!+ or e/#lo!ion of the ga! or $a#or 'ithin+ and that o#erate! at !"ch an e/ternal te-#erat"re that a !"rro"nding fla--a,le at-o!#here 'ill not ,e ignited there,%. Ground. The earth.

6. New !pdated "e#initions

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My take: ,ery sim listic $!t it was ro$a$ly inserte" to make clear there is only one way to gro!n" an electrical system: into earth. Ground $ault. *n "nintentional+ electricall% cond"cting connection ,et'een an "ngro"nded cond"ctor of an electrical circ"it and the nor-all% non3c"rrent3carr%ing cond"ctor!+ -etallic enclo!"re!+ -etallic race'a%!+ -etallic e."i#-ent+ or earth. Nonautomatic. He."iring h"-an inter$ention to #erfor- a f"nction. <)ercurrent &rotecti)e "e)ice5 Branch-Circuit. * de$ice ca#a,le of #ro$iding #rotection for !er$ice+ feeder+ and ,ranch circ"it! and e."i#-ent o$er the f"ll range of o$erc"rrent! ,et'een it! rated c"rrent and it! interr"#ting rating. =ranch3circ"it o$erc"rrent #rotecti$e de$ice! are #ro$ided 'ith interr"#ting rating! a##ro#riate for the intended "!e ,"t no le!! than 5000 a-#ere!. <)ercurrent &rotecti)e "e)ice5 *upplementary. * de$ice intended to #ro$ide li-ited o$erc"rrent #rotection for !#ecific a##lication! and "tili2ation e."i#-ent !"ch a! l"-inaire! and a##liance!. Thi! li-ited #rotection i! in addition to the #rotection #ro$ided in the re."ired ,ranch circ"it ,% the ,ranch3 circ"it o$erc"rrent #rotecti$e de$ice. My take: #he Co"e was revise" to make the "istinction $etween @$ranch circ!itA an" @s! lementaryA overc!rrent rotection. All electrical "evices connecte" to a $ranch circ!it m!st have a $ranch1circ!it1rate" overc!rrent rotective "evice. 3!t the s! lementary "evice is only !se" in a few instances 4s!ch as heavy machinery or an hvac !nit5 an" is !se" in a""ition to the $ranch1circ!it1rate" overc!rrent rotective "evice. *eparately "eri)ed *ystem. * #re-i!e! 'iring !%!te- 'ho!e #o'er i! deri$ed fro- a !o"rce of electric energ% or e."i#-ent other than a !er$ice. ?"ch !%!te-! ha$e no direct connection fro- circ"it cond"ctor! of one !%!te- to circ"it cond"ctor! of another !%!te-+ other than connection! thro"gh the earth+ -etal enclo!"re!+ -etallic race'a%!+ or e."i#-ent gro"nding cond"ctor!. My take: #his is an attem t to f!rther sim lify the meaning of se arately "erive" system from the revio!s e"ition. E/am les of a se arately "erive" system incl!"e a generator, transformer, hotovoltaic solar system or a $attery. #here.s more a$o!t this in the 6ro!n"ing section. *er)ice Conductors5 <)erhead. The o$erhead cond"ctor! ,et'een the !er$ice #oint and the fir!t #oint of connection to the !er$ice3entrance cond"ctor! at the ,"ilding or other !tr"ct"re. *er)ice Conductors5 !nderground. The "ndergro"nd cond"ctor! ,et'een the !er$ice #oint and the fir!t #oint of connection to the !er$ice3entrance cond"ctor! in a ter-inal ,o/+ -eter+ or other enclo!"re+ in!ide or o"t!ide the ,"ilding 'all.
1nfor-ational Note> Bhere there i! no ter-inal ,o/+ -eter+ or other enclo!"re+ the #oint of connection i! con!idered to ,e the #oint of entrance of the !er$ice cond"ctor! into the ,"ilding.

My take: #his is an attem t to clarify the "ifference $etween overhea" Page 17 of 30

an" !n"ergro!n" service con"!ctors $!t the thing to remem$er is that these are $oth ty es of secon"ary con"!ctors that lea" from the rimary so!rce of ower to the main electrical service. #he Co"e has "iagrams of each of these. *er)ice "rop. The o$erhead cond"ctor! ,et'een the "tilit% electric !"##l% !%!te- and the !er$ice #oint. *er)ice >ateral. The "ndergro"nd cond"ctor! ,et'een the "tilit% electric !"##l% !%!te- and the !er$ice #oint. *er)ice &oint. The #oint of connection ,et'een the facilitie! of the !er$ing "tilit% and the #re-i!e! 'iring.
1nfor-ational Note> The !er$ice #oint can ,e de!cri,ed a! the #oint of de-arcation ,et'een 'here the !er$ing "tilit% end! and the #re-i!e! 'iring ,egin!. The !er$ing "tilit% generall% !#ecifie! the location of the !er$ice #oint ,a!ed on the condition! of !er$ice.

!ninterruptible &ower *upply. * #o'er !"##l% "!ed to #ro$ide alternating c"rrent #o'er to a load for !o-e #eriod of ti-e in the e$ent of a #o'er fail"re.
1nfor-ational Note> 1n addition+ it -a% #ro$ide a -ore con!tant $oltage and fre."enc% !"##l% to the load+ red"cing the effect! of $oltage and fre."enc% $ariation!.

My take: >ninterr! ti$le +ower *! lies 4>+*5 are commonly !se" in commercial constr!ction for critical loa"s. 7n this case, the "efinition has $een a""e" to the Co"e to clearly "efining the term.

Page 18 of 30

9. G$C% &rotection
103.; Ground $ault Circuit-%nterrupter &rotection #or &ersonnel Cro"nd3fa"lt circ"it3interr"#tion for #er!onnel !hall ,e #ro$ided a! re."ired in 210.8(* thro"gh (C . The gro"nd3fa"lt circ"it3interr"#ter !hall ,e in!talled in a readil% acce!!i,le location. 7'8 708-718(No Change fro- NEC 2008 768 <utdoors Exception to *3+: 5eceptacles that are not readily accessible and are supplied by a branch circuit dedicated to electric sno$/melting! deicing! or pipeline and ,essel heating e)uipment shall be permitted to be installed in accordance $ith %26.2 or %29.22! as applicable. 798-7:8(No Change fro- NEC 2008 7=8 ?in(! 333 Docated in area! other than (itchen! 'here rece#tacle! are in!talled 'ithin 1.8- (6ft of the o"t!ide edge of the !in(. 7B8 708-768(No Change fro- NEC 2008 798 <utdoors Exception "o. 1 to *3+ and *%+: 5eceptacles that are not readily accessible and are supplied by a branch circuit dedicated to electric sno$/melting! deicing! or pipeline and ,essel heating e)uipment shall be permitted to be installed in accordance $ith %26.2 or %29.22! as applicable. My take: *everal minor a""itions to this section to e/em t "eicing, i eline an" vessel heating e-!i ment from having 69C7 rotection. #he key hrase tho!gh is 8not rea"ily accessi$le8. 728 *inks 333 'here rece#tacle! are in!talled 'ithin 1.8- (6ft of the o"t!ide edge of the !in(. Exception "o. 1 to *5+: In industrial laboratories! receptacles used to supply e)uipment $here remo,al of po$er $ould introduce a greater ha(ard shall be permitted to be installed $ithout 1#.I protection. Exception "o. 2 to *5+: #or receptacles located in patient bed locations of general care or critical care areas of health care facilities other than those co,ered under 210. *;+*1+! 1#.I protection shall not be re)uired. My take: #his is another case of a "esign stan"ar" $ecoming Co"e. B$vio!sly, at a atient.s $e" where there is most likely emergency<critical circ!its to $e !se" "!ring the loss of normal ower, it is im ractical to have 69C71 rotecte" o!tlets that have the otential to sh!t off. 7:8 %ndoor wet locations 7=8 >ocker rooms with associated showering #acilities. My take: Another "esign stan"ar" $ecoming Co"e. 7t seems silly that they weren.t revio!sly re-!ire" $y Co"e $!t the r!le of th!m$ is this: ?et location C 69C7 rece tacles. 7;8 Garages5 ser)ice bays5 and similar areas where electrical diagnostic e?uipment5 electrical hand tools5 or portable lighting e?uipment are to be used. Page 19 of 30

My take: *ame conce t as a$ove. :;3.10 Motors 7C8 G$C% &rotection &"tlet! !"##l%ing #ool #"-# -otor! connected to !ingle3#ha!e+ 120 $olt thro"gh 240 $olt ,ranch circ"it!+ rated 15 or 20 a-#ere!+ 'hether ,% rece#tacle or ,% direct connection+ !hall ,e #ro$ided 'ith gro"nd3fa"lt circ"it3interr"#ter #rotection for #er!onnel. My take: 7.m not s!re why this was not revio!sly art of the Co"e $!t it is a goo" a""ition. B!t"oor ool !m s get wet on $oth the insi"e an" o!tsi"e so it makes erfect sense that the rece tacles s! lying ower to them sho!l" $e 69C71 rotecte".

Page 20 of 30

2. 'rc $ault Circuits

103.01 'rc-$ault Circuit-%nterrupter &rotections 7'8 "welling !nits. *ll 1203$olt+ !ingle #ha!e+ 153 and 203a-#ere ,ranch circ"it! !"##l%ing o"tlet! in!talled in d'elling "nit fa-il% roo-!+ dining roo-!+ li$ing roo-!+ #arlor!+ li,rarie!+ den!+ ,edroo-!+ !"nroo-!+ recreation roo-!+ clo!et!+ hall'a%!+ or !i-ilar roo-! or area! !hall ,e #rotected ,% a li!ted arc3fa"lt circ"it interr"#ter+ co-,ination3t%#e+ in!talled to #ro$ide #rotection! of the ,ranch circ"it. Exception "o. 1: If 54.! I4.! E4-! -ype 4.! or steel armored -ype '. cables meeting the re)uirements of 250.11 and metal outlet and &unction boxes are installed for the portion of the branch circuit bet$een the branch/circuit o,ercurrent de,ice and the first outlet! it shall be permitted to install an outlet branch/circuit type '#.I at the first outlet to pro,ide protection for the remaining portion of the branch circuit. Exception "o. 2: 0here a listed metal or nonmetallic conduit or tubing is encased in not less than 50mm *2in.+ of concrete for the portion of the branch circuit bet$een the branch/circuit o,ercurrent de,ice and the first outlet! it shall be permitted to install an outlet branch/circuit type '#.I at the first outlet to pro,ide protection for the remaining portion of the branch circuit. Exception "o. 3: 0here an indi,idual branch circuit to a fire alarm system installed in accordance $ith 760.41(= or 960.121*;+ is installed in 54.! I4.! E4-! or steel/sheathed cable! -ype '. or -ype 4.! meeting the re)uirements of 250.11 ! $ith metal outlet and &unction boxes! '#.I protection shall be permitted to be omitted. My take: #he "efinition of Arc 9a!lt Circ!it 7nterr! ter 4A9C75 has $een move" to Article )00. E/ce tions have $een a""e" for $ranch circ!its in "welling !nits that "o not nee" to $e A9C7 rotecte". 7t also allows for fire alarm to $e e/em t from A9C7 rotection if installe" in MC Ca$le. 7B8 Branch Circuit (Btensions or Modi#ications --- "welling !nits. 1n an% of the area! !#ecified in 210.12(* + 'here ,ranch3circ"it 'iring i! -odified+ re#laced+ or e/tended+ the ,ranch circ"it !hall ,e #rotected ,% one of the follo'ing> (1 * li!ted co-,ination3t%#e *)C1 located at the origin of the ,ranch circ"it. (2 * li!ted o"tlet ,ranch3circ"it t%#e *)C1 located at the fir!t rece#tacle o"tlet of the e/i!ting ,ranch circ"it. My take: *ection 435 is new an" "eals with A9C7 !nit $ranch circ!it renovations. rotection to "welling

'rticle 93: - Receptacles 93:.9 General %nstallation Re?uirements 7"8798 'rc $ault Circuit-%nterrupter &rotection. Bhere a rece#tacle o"tlet i! !"##lied ,% a ,ranch circ"it that re."ire! arc3fa"lt circ"it interr"#ter #rotection a! !#ecified el!e'here in thi! .ode! a re#lace-ent rece#tacle at thi! o"tlet !hall ,e one of the follo'ing> Page 21 of 30

(1 * li!ted o"tlet ,ranch circ"it t%#e arc3fa"lt circ"it interr"#ter rece#tacle. (2 * rece#tacle #rotected ,% a li!ted o"tlet ,ranch circ"it t%#e arc3fa"lt circ"it interr"#ter t%#e rece#tacle. (3 * rece#tacle #rotected ,% a li!ted co-,ination t%#e arc3fa"lt circ"it interr"#ter t%#e circ"it ,rea(er. Thi! re."ire-ent ,eco-e! effecti$e ;an"ar% 1+ 2014. My take: #his entire section is new. 7t is the Co"e.s attem t to a""ress the nee" for A9C7 rotection in e/isting systems "!ring rece tacle re lacements. As the last statement notes, it is effective Dan. ), 20)'.

Page 22 of 30

:. (n)ironmental 'ir &lenum

633.11 +iring in "ucts Not !sed #or 'ir ,andling5 $abricated "ucts #or (n)ironmental 'ir5 and <ther *paces #or (n)ironmental 'ir 7&lenums8 The #ro$i!ion! of thi! !ection !hall a##l% to the in!tallation and "!e! of electrical 'iring and e."i#-ent in d"ct! "!ed for d"!t+ loo!e !toc(+ or $a#or re-o$alF d"ct! !#ecificall% fa,ricated for en$iron-ental air+ and other !#ace! "!ed for en$iron-ental air (#len"-! . My take: #he title of this section is revise" to clarify the * aces for Environmental Air or len!ms. #he NEC is the only co"e $ook that seems to ti 1toe aro!n" the term 8 len!m8. 3!t this version of the Co"e attem ts to close the ga $etween Environmental Air an" +len!m $y classifying them together. 7'8 (No Change fro- NEC 2008 7B8 "ucts *peci#ically $abricated #or (n)ironmental 'ir. &nl% 'iring -ethod! con!i!ting of T%#e 51 Ca,le+ T%#e 5C ca,le e-#lo%ing a !-ooth or corr"gated i-#er$io"! -etal !heath 'itho"t an o$erall non-etallic co$ering+ electrical -etallic t",ing+ fle/i,le -etallic t",ing+ inter-ediate -etal cond"it+ or rigid -etal cond"it 'itho"t an o$erall non-etallic co$ering !hall ,e in!talled in d"ct! !#ecificall% fa,ricated to tran!#ort en$iron-ental air. )le/i,le -etal cond"it !hall ,e #er-itted+ in length! not to e/ceed 1.2- (4 ft + to connect #h%!icall% ad9"!ta,le e."i#-ent and de$ice! #er-itted to ,e in the!e fa,ricated d"ct!. The connector! "!ed 'ith fle/i,le -etal cond"it !hall effecti$el% clo!e an% o#ening! in the connection. E."i#-ent and de$ice! !hall ,e #er-itted 'ithin !"ch d"ct! onl% if nece!!ar% for the direct action "#on+ or !en!ing of+ the contained air. Bhere e."i#-ent or de$ice! are in!talled and ill"-ination i! nece!!ar% to facilitate -aintenance and re#air+ enclo!ed ga!(eted3t%#e l"-inaire! !hall ,e #er-itted. 7C8 <ther *paces !sed #or (n)ironmental 'ir 7&lenums8. Thi! !ection !hall a##l% to !#ace! not !#ecificall% fa,ricated for en$iron-ental air3handling #"r#o!e! ,"t "!ed for air3handling #"r#o!e! a! a #len"-. Thi! !ection !hall not a##l% to ha,ita,le roo-! or area! of ,"ilding!+ the #ri-e #"r#o!e of 'hich i! not air handling.
1nfor-ational Note No. 1> The !#ace o$er a h"ng ceiling "!ed for en$iron-ental air3handling #"r#o!e! i! an e/a-#le of the t%#e of other !#ace to 'hich thi! !ection a##lie!. 1nfor-ational Note No. 2> The #hra!e 7&ther ?#ace! 0!ed for En$iron-ental *ir (Plen"- 8 a! "!ed in thi! !ection coorelate! 'ith the "!e of the ter- 7#len"-8 in N)P* 90*32009+ 2tandard for the Installation of 'ir/.onditioning and <entilating 2ystems! and other -echanical code! 'here the #len"- i! "!ed for ret"rn air #"r#o!e!+ a! 'ell a! !o-e other air3handling !#ace!. Exception: -his section shall not apply to the &oist or stud spaces of d$elling units $here the $iring passes through such spaces perpendicular to the long dimension of such spaces.

My take: Again, this section f!rther clarifies that the terms 8Environmental Air8 an" 8+len!m8 $oth refer to s aces !se" for air1 han"ling !r oses. (1 +iring Methods. The 'iring -ethod! for !"ch other !#ace! !hall ,e li-ited to totall% Page 23 of 30

enclo!ed+ non$entilated+ in!"lated ,"!'a% ha$ing no #ro$i!ion! for #l"g3in connection!+ T%#e 51 ca,le+ T%#e 5C ca,le 'itho"t an o$erall non-etallic co$ering+ T%#e *C ca,le+ or other factor%3a!!e-,led -"lticond"ctor control or #o'er ca,le that i! !#ecificall% li!ted for "!e 'ithin an air3handling !#ace+ or li!ted #refa,ricated ca,le a!!e-,lie! of -etallic -an"fact"red 'iring !%!te-! 'itho"t non-etallic !heath. &ther t%#e! of ca,le!+ cond"ctor!+ and race'a%! !hall ,e #er-itted to ,e in!talled in electrical -etallic t",ing+ fle/i,le -etallic t",ing+ inter-ediate -etal cond"it+ rigid -etal cond"it 'itho"t an o$erall non-etallic co$ering+ fle/i,le -etal cond"it+ or+ 'here acce!!i,le+ !"rface -etal race'a% or -etal 'ire'a% 'ith -etal co$er!. (2 Cable Tray *ystems. The #ro$i!ion! in (a or (, !hall a##l% to the "!e of -etallic ca,le tra% !%!te-! in other !#ace! "!ed for en$iron-ental air (#len"-! + 'here acce!!i,le+ a! follo'!> (a 4etal .able -ray 2ystems. 5etal ca,le tra% !%!te-! !hall ,e #er-itted to !"##ort the 'iring -ethod! in 300.22(C (1 . (, 2olid 2ide and ;ottom 4etal .able -ray 2ystems. ?olid !ide and ,otto- -etal ca,le tra% !%!te-! 'ith !olid -etal co$er! !hall ,e #er-itted to enclo!e 'iring -ethod! and ca,le!+ not alread% co$ered in 300.22(C (1 + in accordiance 'ith 392.10(* and (= . 768 (?uipment. Electrical e."i#-ent 'ith a -etal enclo!"re+ or electrical e."i#-ent 'ith a non-etallic enclo!"re li!ted for "!e 'ithin an air3handling !#ace and ha$ing ade."ate fire3 re!i!tant and lo'3!-o(e3#rod"cing characteri!tic!+ and a!!ociated 'iring -aterial !"ita,le for the a-,ient te-#erat"re !hall ,e #er-itted to ,e in!talled in !"ch other !#ace "nle!! #rohi,ited el!e'here in the .ode.
1nfor-ational Note> &ne -ethod of defining ade."ate fire3re!i!tant and lo'3!-o(e #rod"cing characteri!tic! for electrical e."i#-ent 'ith a non-etallic enclo!"re i! in *N?160D 204332008+ )ire Te!t for :eat and Ii!i,le ?-o(e Helea!e for @i!crete Prod"ct! and Their *cce!!orie! 1n!talled in *ir3 :andling ?#ace!. Exception: Integral fan systems shall be permitted $here specifically identified for use $ithin an air/handling space.

My take: 425 is a new section a""e" to a""ress the !se of ca$le tray systems in len!ms.

Page 24 of 30

=.

Conductors

'rticle 603 Conductors #or General +iring 603.1 "e#initions (lectrical "ucts. Electrical cond"it!+ or other race'a%! ro"nd in cro!! !ection+ that are !"ita,le for "!e "ndergro"nd or e-,edded in concrete. Thermal Resisti)ity. *! "!ed in thi! .ode+ the heat tran!fer ca#a,ilit% thro"gh a !",!tance ,% cond"ction. 1t i! the reci#rocal of ther-al cond"cti$it% and i! de!ignated Hho and e/#re!!ed in the "nit! o C3c-6B. %%. %nstallation 603.03 !ses &ermitted The cond"ctor! de!cri,ed in 310.104 !hall ,e #er-itted for "!e in an% of the 'iring -ethod! co$ered in Cha#ter 3 and a! !#ecified in their re!#ecti$e ta,le! or a! #er-itted el!e'here in thi! .ode.
Informational "ote: -hermoplastic insulation may stiffen at temperatures lo$er than /10o. *=1% o#+. -hermoplastic insulation may also be deformed at normal temperatures $here sub&ected to pressure! such as at points of support. -hermoplastic insulation! $here used on dc circuits in $et locations! may result in electroendosmosis bet$een the conductor and insulation.

7'8 (No Change fro- NEC 2008 7B8 (No Change fro- NEC 2008 7C8 (No Change fro- NEC 2008 7"8 (No Change fro- NEC 2008 7(8 ?hielding. Non3!hielded+ o2one3re!i!tant in!"lated cond"ctor! 'ith a -a/i-"- #ha!e3to3#ha!e $oltage of 5000 $olt! !hall ,e #er-itted in T%#e 5C Ca,le! in ind"!trial e!ta,li!h-ent! 'here the condition! of -aintenance and !"#er$i!ion en!"re that onl% ."alified #er!on! !er$ice the in!tallation. )or other e!ta,li!h-ent!+ !olid dielectric in!"lated cond"ctor! o#erated a,o$e 2000 $olt! in #er-anent in!tallation! !hall ha$e o2one3re!i!tant in!"lation and !hall ,e !hielded. *ll -etallic in!"lation !hield! !hall ,e connected to a gro"nding electrode cond"ctor+ a gro"nding ,"!,ar+ an e."i#-ent gro"nding cond"ctor+ or a gro"nding electrode.
1nfor-ational Note> The #ri-ar% #"r#o!e! of !hielding are to confine the $oltage !tre!!e! to the in!"lation+ di!!i#ate in!"lation lea(age c"rrent+ drain off the ca#aciti$e charging c"rrent+ and carr% gro"nd3fa"lt #rotecti$e de$ice! in the e$ent of an electrical ca,le fa"lt.

My take: Clarifications have $een ma"e in this section with regar"s to MC Ca$le. Exception "o. 1 (No Change fro- NEC 2008 Exception "o. 2: "on/shielded insulated conductors listed by a )ualified testing laboratory shall be permitted for use up to 5000 ,olts to replace existing nonshielded conductors! on existing e)uipment in industrial establishments only! under the follo$ing conditions: *a+ 0here the condition of maintenance and super,ision ensures that only )ualified personnel install and ser,ice the installation. *b+ .onductors shall ha,e insulation resistant to electric discharge and surface trac>ing! or the insulated conductor*s+ shall be co,ered $ith a material resistant to o(one! electric discharge! and surface trac>ing. Page 25 of 30

*c+ 0here used in $et locations! the insulated conductor*s+ shall ha,e an o,erall nonmetallic &ac>et or a continuous metallic sheath. *d+ Insulation and &ac>et thic>ness shall be in accordance $ith -able 310.13*3+. My take: E/ce tion No. 2 was a""e" to rovi"e clarification on ins!late" con"!ctors in a renovation sit!ation where they.re re lacing e/isting con"!ctors. 7$8 (No Change fro- NEC 2008 7G8 (No Change fro- NEC 2008 7,8 Conductors in &arallel 708 General. *l"-in"-+ co##er3clad al"-in"-+ or co##er cond"ctor!+ for each #ha!e+ #olarit%+ ne"tral+ or gro"nded circ"it !hall ,e #er-itted to ,e connected in #arallel (electricall% 9oined at ,oth end! onl% in !i2e! 160 *BC and larger 'here in!talled in accordance 'ith 310.10(: (2 thro"gh (h (6 . Exception "o. 1 (No Change fro- NEC 2008 Exception "o. 2: 8nder engineering super,ision! 2 '01 and 1 '01 grounded neutral conductors shall be permitted to be installed in parallel for existing installations. 718 Conductor Characteristics. The #aralleled cond"ctor! in each #ha!e+ #olarit%+ ne"tral+ gro"nded circ"it cond"ctor+ e."i#-ent gro"nding cond"ctor+ or e."i#-ent ,onding 9"-#er !hall co-#l% 'ith all of the follo'ing> (1 =e the !a-e length. (2 Con!i!t of the !a-e cond"ctor -aterial. (3 =e the !a-e !i2e in circ"lar -il area. (4 :a$e the !a-e in!"lation t%#e. (5 =e ter-inated in the !a-e -anner. 768 *eparate Cables or Raceways. Bhere r"n in !e#arate ca,le! or race'a%!+ the ca,le! or race'a%! 'ith cond"ctor! !hall ha$e the !a-e n"-,er of cond"ctor! and !hall ha$e the !a-e electrical characteri!tic!. Cond"ctor! of one #ha!e+ #olarit%+ ne"tral+ gro"nded circ"it cond"ctor+ or e."i#-ent gro"nding cond"ctor !hall not ,e re."ired to ha$e the !a-e #h%!ical characteri!tic! a! tho!e of another #ha!e+ #olarit%+ ne"tral+ gro"nded circ"it cond"ctor+ or e."i#-ent gro"nding cond"ctor. 798 'mpacity 'dCustment. Cond"ctor! in!talled in #arallel !hall co-#l% 'ith the #ro$i!ion! of 310.15(= (3 (a . 728 (?uipment Grounding Conductors. Bhere #arallel e."i#-ent gro"nding cond"ctor! are "!ed+ the% !hall ,e !i2ed in accordance 'ith 250.122. ?ectioned e."i#-ent gro"nding cond"ctor! !-aller than 160 *BC !hall ,e #er-itted in -"lticond"ctor ca,le! in accordance 'ith 310.104+ #ro$ided the co-,ined circ"lar -il area of the !ectioned e."i#-ent gro"nding cond"ctor! in each ca,le co-#lie! 'ith 250.122. 7:8 (?uipment Bonding 4umpers. Bhere #arallel e."i#-ent ,onding 9"-#er! are in!talled in race'a%!+ the% !hall ,e !i2ed and in!talled in accordance 'ith 250.102.
1nfor-ational Note> Helocation or re#lace-ent of e."i#-ent -a% not co-#l% 'ith the terexisting a! related to thi! e/ce#tion.

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My take:Article ;)0 has $een heavily revise" with regar"s to the Con"!ctor Allowa$le Am acity #a$les. All of these ta$les have $een re1 n!m$ere" as #a$le ;)0.)5, from their revio!s section. 9or the sake of $revity 7 have not re1 rinte" them in this article $!t they $egin on age )5' of the Co"e 4 g ;;% of the Ean"$ook5. #wo im ortant things to note: #a$le ;)0.)54354)%5 is ren!m$ere" as it is the former #a$le ;)0.)%. #his ta$le is very commonly !se" to si0e con"!ctors in con"!its, artic!larly the (5oC col!mn. #here are minor changes to am acities allowe" for #)', #)2, #)0, #;, #) an" #%00 wire si0es. #he secon" noticea$le thing is that the term @"erateA is rarely !se" in the Co"e. =erating is the a"2!stment to con"!ctor si0es enclose" in con"!it in or"er to limit the c!rrent. #he fact that the term @"erateA is $eing re lace" with @am acity a"2!stmentA is a $ig change from revio!s versions of the Co"e.

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;. Means o# "isconnect
923.09 "isconnecting Means Tran!for-er!+ other than Cla!! 2 or Cla!! 3 tran!for-er!+ !hall ha$e a di!connecting -ean! located either in !ight of the tran!for-er or in a re-ote location. Bhere located in a re-ote location+ the di!connecting -ean! !hall ,e loc(a,le+ and the location !hall ,e field -ar(ed on the tran!for-er. My take: Bnce an" for all the Co"e states that a transformer is re-!ire" to have a "isconnect on the rimary si"e. #his is accom lishe" $y either location the transformer within sight of the circ!it $reaker controlling it or $y rovi"ing a means of "isconnect $esi"e the transformer. Either way, this is no longer a gray area as it has $een in the ast. 209.00 Circuit "isconnects (5otor )"el @i!#en!ing )acilitie! ('8 General. Each circ"it leading to or thro"gh di!#en!ing e."i#-ent+ incl"ding all a!!ociated #o'er+ co--"nication!+ data+ and $ideo circ"it!+ and e."i#-ent for re-ote #"-#ing !%!te-!+ !hall ,e #ro$ided 'ith a clearl% identified and readil% acce!!i,le !'itch or other a##ro$ed -ean!+ located re-ote fro- the di!#en!ing de$ice!+ to di!connect !i-"ltaneo"!l% fro- the !o"rce of !"##l%+ all cond"ctor! of the circ"it!+ incl"ding the gro"nded cond"ctor+ if an%. ?ingle3#ole ,rea(er! "tili2ing handle tie! !hall not ,e #er-itted. My take: #he clarifications to this section are to em hasi0e that em hasi0e that all ower, "ata<comm an" vi"eo circ!its are re-!ire" to have a means of "isconnect an" they are to "isconnect sim!ltaneo!sly.

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A. *mall +ind (lectric *ystems

'RT%C>( :A9 *mall +ind (lectric *ystems
%. General :A9.0 *cope The #ro$i!ion! of thi! article to !-all 'ind (t"r,ine electric !%!te-! that con!i!t of one or -ore 'ind electric generator! 'ith indi$id"al generator! ha$ing a rated #o'er "# to and incl"ding 100 JB. The!e !%!te-! can incl"de generator!+ alternator!+ in$erter!+ and controller!. My take: #his entire article is new an" is the Co"e.s attem t to "eal with the rising !sage of win" t!r$ine electric systems. #he goal of a""ing this to the Co"e is to $ring to light new technology an" an attem t at reg!lating its safety.

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03. &lug-%n ,ybrid (lectric -ehicle 7&,(-8

:12.1 "e#initions (lectric -ehicle. *n a"to-oti$e3t%#e $ehicle for on3road "!e+ !"ch a! #a!!enger a"to-o,ile!+ ,"!e!+ tr"c(!+ $an!+ neigh,orhood electric $ehicle!+ electric -otorc%cle!+ and the li(e+ #ri-aril% #o'ered ,% an electric -otor that dra'! c"rrent fro- a rechargea,le !torage ,atter%+ f"el cell+ #hoto$oltaic arra%+ or other !o"rce! of electric c"rrent. Pl"g3in h%,rid electric $ehicle! (P:EI are con!idered electric $ehicle!. )or the #"r#o!e of thi! article+ off3road+ !elf3#ro#elled electric $ehicle!+ !"ch a! ind"!trial tr"c(!+ hoi!t!+ lift!+ tran!#ort!+ golf cart!+ airline gro"nd !"##ort e."i#-ent+ tractor!+ ,oat!+ and the li(e+ are not incl"ded. (lectric -ehicle *upply (?uipment. The cond"ctor!+ incl"ding the "ngro"nded+ gro"nded+ and e."i#-ent gro"nding cond"ctor! and the electric $ehicle connector!+ attach-ent #l"g!+ an all other other fitting!+ de$ice!+ #o'er o"tlet!+ or a##arat"! in!talled !#ecificall% for the #"r#o!e of tran!ferring energ% ,et'een the #re-i!e! 'iring and the electric $ehicle. &lug-%n ,ybrid (lectric -ehicle 7&,(-8. * t%#e of electric $ehicle intended for on3road "!e 'ith the a,ilit% to !tore and "!e off3$ehicle electrical energ% in the rechargea,le energ% !torage !%!te-+ and ha$ing a !econd !o"rce of -oti$e #o'er. Rechargeable (nergy *torage *ystem. *n% #o'er !o"rce that ha! the ca#a,ilit% to ,e charged and di!charged. My take: +!g17n hy$ri" vehicles are a relatively new technology an" far from $eing mainstream. #he Co"e is revise" to f!rther "efine what a +EE, is an" its associate" terms.

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