BCTMDT 2011

B CNG THNG CC THNG MI IN T V CNG NGH THNG TIN
BO CO
T HNG MI I N T V I T N A M
2011
BO CO
201 1
LI GII THIU
Nm 2011 l nm bn l i vi thng mi in t Vit Nam, nh du vic kt thc 5 nm trin khai K hoch tng th pht trin TMT giai on 2006 2010 v m u mt thi k mi, thc hin Quyt nh s 1073/Q-TTg ngy 12 thng 7 nm 2010 ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt K hoch tng th pht trin thng mi in t giai on 2011 2015. Nhn li 5 nm qua, Bo co Thng mi in t do B Cng Thng xut bn ng hnh vi tng chng ng pht trin ca thng mi in t Vit Nam, phn nh trung thc v khch quan nhng bc tin trong tnh hnh ng dng thng mi in t ca doanh nghip ni ring, ng thi ghi nhn nhng im sng ca ton cnh thng mi in t Vit Nam ni chung qua tng nm. Khp li mt chng ng pht trin,Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2011 s l n phm cui cng trong chui Bo co Thng mi in t hng nm ca B Cng Thng, chun b cho s ra i ca mt dng n phm mi ph hp vi thc tin phong ph v a dng hn ca thng mi in t giai on mi. Phn trng tm ca Bo co vn l cc s liu iu tra, phn tch v tnh hnh pht trin thng mi in t trong nm 2011, c so snh vi s liu nhng nm trc. c bit, Bo co nm nay c xy dng vi nh hng phc v i tng l doanh nghip, do dnh hn mt chng h thng ha ton b cc quy nh php lut lin quan n hot ng ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip, c i su phn tch mt s vn cn lu khi trin khai kinh doanh thng mi in t. Bn cnh , vn thanh ton in t, mt trong nhng iu kin cn nhn rng ng dng thng mi in t trong ngi dn, cng c cp n trong Bo co nh mt im nhn ca thng mi in t nm 2011. Chng ti hy vng Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2011 s tip tc l ti liu hu ch khng ch i vi doanh nghip, cc nh u t, cc c quan qun l m cn vi tt c cc c nhn ang quan tm ti lnh vc ny. Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin, B Cng Thng xin cm n cc c quan, t chc, doanh nghip v chuyn gia phi hp v cung cp thng tin trong sut qu trnh xy dng v hon thin Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2011. Chng ti mong nhn c nhiu kin trao i, gp cc n phm v thng mi in t trong tng lai c hon thin hn na v tr thnh ti liu hu ch i vi ng o c gi quan tm. Trn Hu Linh Cc trng Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin
MC LC
CHNG I: MI TRNG PHP L
1. Cc quy nh lin quan n giao dch in t trong vn bn php lut v dn s - thng mi 2. Cc quy nh v giao dch in t v cng ngh thng tin 3. Cc quy nh v thu, k ton 4. Cc quy nh v ch ti v x l vi phm II. NHNG VN CN LU TRONG QU TRNH TRIN KHAI NG DNG THNG MI IN T TI DOANH NGHIP 1. Qung co qua phng tin in t 2. Xy dng website 3. Cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t 4. Bo v thng tin c nhn v bo v quyn li ngi tiu dngtrong thng mi in t 5. Doanh nghip cung cp dch v sn giao dch thng mi in t v cc dch v h tr khc (thanh ton, qung co qua tin nhn v th in t) 11
I. TNG KT CC QUY NH PHP LUT LIN QUAN N HOT NG THNG MI IN T 12 14 16 18 23 31 31 35 40 44 49 55 56 56 56 57 58 59 60 61 61 62 64 64 66 69 69 70 70 71 73 74
CHNG II: TNH HNH NG DNG TMT TRONG DOANH NGHIP

I. THNG TIN CHUNG 1. Quy m kho st 2. Mu phiu kho st v ngi in phiu 3. Phn b doanh nghip tham gia cuc iu tra II. MC SN SNG NG DNG THNG MI IN T 1. My tnh 2. Internet 3. Email 4. Bo m an ton thng tin v bo v thng tin c nhn 5. Cn b chuyn trch v thng mi in t III. TNH HNH NG DNG THNG MI IN T 1. Phn mm 2. Website 3. Nhn n t hng 4. t hng IV . HIU QU NG DNG TMT V NH GI CA DOANH NGHIP 1. u t cho cng ngh thng tin v TMT ca doanh nghip 2. Hiu qu 3. Tr ngi 4. xut ca doanh nghip
V . TNH HNH THAM GIA, NG DNG CC DCH V CNG TRC TUYN PHC V HOT NG KINH DOANH - THNG MI 75 1. Th tc hi quan in t 2. H thng qun l cung cp chng nhn xut x in t (eCoSys) 3. H thng khai thu in t 4. H thng cp php nhp khu t ng VI. TNH HNH KINH DOANH DCH V THNG MI IN T 1. Tnh hnh hot ng chung ca cc doanh nghip cung cp dch v sn giao dch TMT 2. M hnh kinh doanh dch v mua theo nhm 3. Mt s m hnh kinh doanh mang danh ngha TMT nhng tim n nhiu ri ro 75 76 77 79 79 80 83 86 87 88 88 89 92 92 95 100 104 105 108 110
CHNG III : THANH TON IN T

I. MT S VN H TNG CHO THANH TON IN T 1. D n hin i ha ngn hng v h thng thanh ton 2. Bo mt an ton trong thanh ton in t II. DCH V THANH TON IN T TI VIT NAM 1. S pht trin ca th trng th - tin cho thanh ton in t ti Vit Nam 2. Cc dch v thanh ton in t do ngn hng cung cp 3. Cc dch v trung gian thanh ton ng dng thanh ton in t III. GII THIU MT S M HNH THANH TON IN T TI VIT NAM 1. Dch v cng thanh ton in t 2. Dch v v in t 3. Doanh nghip c tch hp thanh ton in t
MC LC BNG
Bng I.1: Khung php l c bn cho giao dch in t ti Vit Nam Bng I.2: Cc vn bn thuc h thng Lut Giao dch in t Bng I.3: Cc vn bn thuc h thng Lut Cng ngh thng tin Bng I.4: Cc quy nh lin quan n mt s dch v TMT khc Bng II.1: Tnh hnh cp nht thng tin trn website Bng II.2: Doanh nghip s dng phng tin in t nhn n t hng nm 2011 Bng II.3: Quy m doanh nghip s dng phng tin in t nhn n t hng nm 2011 Bng II.4: Doanh nghip s dng phng tin in t t hng nm 2011 Bng II.5: S dng phng tin in t t hng theo quy m doanh nghip nm 2011 Bng II.6 Tng hp nh gi cc tr ngi trong trin khai TMT giai on 2005 - 2011 Bng II.7: Danh sch cc sn giao dch TMT c xc nhn ng k Bng II.8: Thng k hot ng cc Sn giao dch TMT c xc nhn ng k nm 2011 12 17 18 54 68 69 69 70 70 74 80 81
Bng II.9: Thng k tnh hnh hot ng ca mt s website hng u Bng III.1: Thng k s lng ngn hng n 31/12/2011 (*) Bng III.2: Danh sch cc ngn hng c Chng th s SSL Bng III.3: Mi ngn hng dn u v s lng th nm 2010 Bng III.4: S lng ngn hng trin khai Internet Banking qua cc nm Bng III.5: Minh ha cc gii php thanh ton v dch v ngn hng in t ca Bng III.6: Thng k cc dch v ngn hng in t vo cui thng 12/2011 Bng III.7: Danh sch t chc c cp php cung cp th im dch v V in t Bng III.8: Mt s ng dng ph bin ca dch v trung gian thanh ton Bng III.9: Cc ngn hng/th kt ni vi Cng thanh ton in t Bo Kim Bng III.10: Mt s phng thc thanh ton ph bin trn cc sn giao dch TMT
84 90 91 94 96 97 99 104 104 107 111
MC LC HNH
Hnh I.1: H thng Lut, Ngh nh v giao dch in t v cng ngh thng tin Hnh I.2: Cc vn bn v x pht hnh chnh c th p dng x l Hnh I.3: Giao din trang ch h thng ng k website Hnh II.1: Ngi i din doanh nghip tr li phiu kho st nm 2011 Hnh II.2: Quy m ca doanh nghip tham gia kho st qua cc nm Hnh II.3: Loi hnh ca doanh nghip tham gia kho st nm 2011 Hnh II.4: Lnh vc hot ng ca cc doanh nghip tham gia kho st nm 2011 Hnh II.5: S lng my tnh trong doanh nghip qua cc nm Hnh II.6: S lng my tnh trong doanh nghip trn a bn H ni Hnh II.7: Hnh thc kt ni Internet c nc nm 2011 Hnh II.8: Tnh hnh ng dng email cho mc ch kinh doanh ca doanh nghip nm 2011 Hnh II.9: Cc bin php bo m an ton thng tin Hnh II.10: Cc bin php bo m an ton thng tin theo quy m doanh nghip Hnh II.11: Tnh hnh bo v thng tin c nhn theo quy m doanh nghip Hnh II.12: T l cn b chuyn trch TMT trong doanh nghip qua cc nm Hnh II.13: Cn b chuyn trch v TMT theo lnh vc ca doanh nghip nm 2011 Hnh II.14: o to CNTT v TMT qua cc nm Hnh II. 15: T l ng dng cc phn mm CNTT v TMT ca doanh nghip nm 2011 Hnh II.16: T l ng dng phn mm theo quy m ca doanh nghip nm 2011 Hnh II.17: Tnh hnh s hu website ca doanh nghip qua cc nm Hnh II.18: T l doanh nghip s hu website theo lnh vc hot ng nm 2011 Hnh II.19: Tnh hnh cp nht website ca doanh nghip qua cc nm Hnh II.20: T l cc chc nng ca website Hnh II.21: C cu chi ph cho h tng CNTT trong doanh nghip 16 24 37 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 65 65 66 67 68 69 71
Hnh II.22: Xu hng doanh thu t cc phng tin in t Hnh II.23: Xu hng doanh thu t cc phng tin in t theo quy m doanh nghip Hnh II.24: nh gi cc tc dng khi ng dng TMT i vi doanh nghip nm 2011 Hnh II.25: nh gi cc tr ngi i vi ng dng TMT ca doanh nghip nm 2011 Hnh II.26: Quy trnh thc hin th tc hi quan in t Hnh II.27: Quy trnh ng k np h s khai thu qua mng ln u Hnh II.28: Ngun doanh thu ca cc sn giao dch TMT nm 2011 Hnh II.29: Th phn tng gi tr giao dch ca cc sn TMDT nm 2011 Hnh II.30: Th phn doanh thu ca cc sn TMT nm 2011 Hnh II.31: Thng k doanh s t cc website mua theo nhm Hnh III.1: Thng k tnh hnh s dng chng th s SSL Hnh III.2: T trng thanh ton khng dng tin mt/tng phng tin thanh ton Hnh III.3: Thng k s th ngn hng pht hnh qua cc nm Hnh III.4: S lng ATM v POS qua cc nm Hnh III.5: Th phn th ca nm ngn hng pht hnh th hng u nm 2010 Hnh III.6: T l cc ngn hng trin khai dch v Internet banking Hnh III.7: M hnh Mobile Banking Hnh III.8: M hnh dch v chuyn mch ti chnh Hnh III.9: M hnh dch v chuyn mch Smartlink Hnh III.10: M hnh ca mt h thng cng thanh ton in t Hnh III.11: M hnh h thng V in t Hnh III.12: M hnh hot ng OnePay Hnh III.13: M hnh chuyn tin trc tip ti Bo Kim Hnh III.14: M hnh trung gian thanh ton Payoo Hnh III.15: Hnh thc thanh ton ca MuaChung.vn Hnh III.16: Cc loi th ni a c chp nhn khi thanh ton mua v in t
71 72 72 75 82 78 82 82 82 84 90 92 93 93 94 97 98 101 102 102 103 106 107 109 113 115
MC LC HP
Hp I.1: Ti liu in t c tha nhn gi tr php l trong B lut Dn s v Lut Thng mi Hp I.2: Quy nh v hp ng in t trong Lut Bo v quyn li ngi tiu dng Hp I.3: Quy nh lin quan ti vic lu tr v truyn t tc Hp I.4: Quy nh v qung co trn cc phng tin in t trong d tho Lut Qung co Hp I.5: Quy nh v chng t in t v ha n in t trong Lut k ton 14 14 15 15 19
Hp I.6: Cc ni dung lin quan n ha n in t trong Ngh nh 51/2010/N-CP quy nh v ha n bn hng ha, cung ng dch v 20 Hp I.7: Nhng hnh vi xm phm n quyn li ngi tiu dng cn lu trnh trong TMT Hp I.8: Cc hnh vi ti phm v cng ngh thng tin ti B lut Hnh s nm 1995 Hp I.9: Cc hnh vi ti phm v CNTT v TMT trong Lut sa i, b sung B lut Hnh s nm 2009 25 28 29
Hp I.10: S bt hp l ca cc quy nh v qung co trn mng thng tin my tnh Hp I.11: Quy nh v th rc trong Lut Cng ngh thng tin
32 33
Hp I.12: Nguyn tc gi th in t qung co v tin nhn qung co theo quy nh ti Ngh nh s 90/2008/N-CP 34 Hp I.13: Nguyn tc chung v thit lp website theo quy nh ti Ngh nh s 97/2008/N-CP Hp I.14: Mt s quy nh v tn min Internet trong Lut Cng ngh thng tin 2006 v Lut Vin thng 2009 Hp I.15: Tn min .vn khng phi l i tng s hu tr tu Hp I.16: Cc iu kin khi kin tranh chp tn min theo quy nh ti Thng t s 10/2008/TT-BTTTT 35 37 38 39
Hp I.17: Cc trng hp iu kin giao dch chung v iu khon hp ng giao kt vi ngi tiu dng khng c hiu lc 41 Hp I.18: Cc quy nh doanh nghip phi tun th khi s dng hp ng theo mu Hp I.19: Quy nh v quy trnh giao kt hp ng trn website TMT Hp I.20: Quy nh v bo v ngi tiu dng trong giao kt hp ng trn website TMT Hp I.21: Cc quy nh v bo v thng tin c nhn trong Lut Cng ngh thng tin Hp I.22: Cc quy nh v bo v thng tin c nhn trong Lut bo v ngi tiu dng Hp I.23: Quy nh bo v d liu v a ch th in t ca c nhn trong Ngh nh chng th rc 42 43 44 46 47 48
Hp I.24: X l hnh s vi cc vi phm v bo v thng tin c nhn theo quy nh ca Lut sa i, b sung mt s iu ca B lut Hnh s 48 Hp I.25: Hp I.25: Th no l Sn giao dch thng mi in t Hp I.26: Quy trnh ng k cung cp dch v sn giao dch TMT 50 50
Hp I.27: Trch nhim ca n v cung cp dch v sn giao dch thng mi in t theo quy nh ti Thng t s 46/2010/TT-BCT 52 Hp I.28: Mt s quy nh v khuyn mi cn tun th khi kinh doanh dch v mua theo nhm trn website TMT 53 Hp II.1: iu tra ng dng CNTT v TMT ti Tp. H Ch Minh Hp II.2: Truy cp Internet ca cc doanh nghip ti Tp. H Ch Minh Hp II.3: Cn b chuyn trch v thng mi in t ti Tp. H Ch Minh Hp II.4: Tnh hnh ng dng phn mm ti Tp. H Ch Minh Hp II.5: Tnh hnh doanh nghip c website ti Tp. H Ch Minh Hp II.6: Tnh hnh ng dng cc giao dch kinh doanh trn mng Internet ti Tp. H Ch Minh Hp II.7: u t cho CNTT v TMT ti Tp. H Ch Minh Hp II.8: Quy trnh khai bo eCoSys Hp II.9: Thnh cng ca Sn giao dch in t Vt gi Hp III.1: c im ca mt website ngn hng c s dng Chng th s SSL Hp III.2: Thanh ton v my bay ca Jetstar Pacific qua in thoi di ng Hp III.3: Dch v chuyn mch Smartlink Hp III.4: Tin ch ca V in t i vi c nhn v doanh nghip Hp III.5: Cc dch v c th c thanh ton bng iCoin 60 60 64 66 67 70 71 77 82 92 98 101 108 110
CHNG I
MI TRNG PHP L
12
Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2011
I. TNG KT CC QUY NH PHP LUT LIN QUAN N HOT NG THNG MI IN T n cui nm 2011, khung php l cho TMT Vit Nam c bn nh hnh vi mt lot vn bn t lut, ngh nh cho n thng t iu chnh nhng kha cnh khc nhau ca hot ng ng dng cng ngh thng tin v TMT. Bn cnh h thng lut chuyn ngnh, cc doanh nghip, t chc v c nhn tham gia hot ng TMT cng cn nm vng v tun th nhng quy nh lin quan trong cc vn bn php lut v kinh doanh, thng mi. Phn I ca Chng ny s dnh im qua nhng vn bn lut lin quan n hot ng ng dng TMT, t cc quy nh chung cho n h thng quy phm php lut iu chnh ring lnh vc cng ngh thng tin v TMT.
Bng I.1: Khung php l c bn cho giao dch in t ti Vit Nam Lut
29/11/2005 Lut Giao dch in t 29/06/2006 Lut Cng ngh thng tin 23/11/2009 Lut Vin Thng
Ngh nh hng dn Lut

09/06/2006 Ngh nh s 57/2006/N-CP v Thng mi in t 15/02/2007 23/02/2007 08/03/2007 10/04/2007 Ngh nh s 26/2007/N-CP quy nh chi tit thi hnh Lut Giao dch in t v Ch k s v Dch v chng thc ch k s Ngh nh s 27/2007/N-CP v giao dch in t trong hot ng ti chnh Ngh nh s 35/2007/N-CP v giao dch in t trong hot ng ngn hng Ngh nh s 64/2007/N-CP v ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong hot ng ca c quan nh nc
VB bn trn
Lut GDT Lut GDT Lut GDT Lut GDT Lut CNTT Lut GDT Lut CNTT Lut Vin thng
13/08/2008 Ngh nh s 90/2008/N-CP v chng th rc 28/08/2008 06/04/2011 Ngh nh 97/2008/N-CP v qun l, cung cp, s dng dch v Internet v thng tin in t trn Internet Ngh nh s 25/2011/N-CP quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Vin thng
Ngh nh 43/2011/N-CP quy nh v vic cung cp thng tin v dch 13/06/2011 v cng trc tuyn trn trang thng tin in t hoc cng thng tin in Lut CNTT t ca c quan nh nc
X l vi phm
10/04/2007 16/01/2008 Ngh nh s 63/2007/N-CP quy nh x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc cng ngh thng tin Ngh nh s 06/2008/N-CP quy nh v x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong hot ng thng mi
VB bn trn
Lut CNTT Lut GDT Lut CNTT
Ngh nh s 28/2009/N-CP quy nh x pht vi phm hnh chnh 20/03/2009 trong qun l, cung cp, s dng dch v Internet v thng tin in t trn Internet
Chng I Mi trng php l

Ngh nh s 83/2011/N-CP quy nh v x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc vin thng Lut Vin thng
13
20/09/2011
Thng t hng dn thi hnh mt s ni dung ca cc Ngh nh

Thng t s 09/2008/TT-BCT hng dn Ngh nh Thng mi in 21/07/2008 t v cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t Thng t s 78/2008/TT-BTC hng dn thi hnh mt s ni dung ca 15/09/2008 Ngh nh s 27/2007/N-CP v giao dch in t trong hot ng ti chnh Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTTTT hng dn mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 97/2008/N-CP v qun l, cung cp, s dng dch v Internet v thng tin in t trn Internet 18/12/2008 24/12/2008 24/12/2008 30/12/2008 Thng t s 07/2008/TT-BTTTT hng dn mt s ni dung v hot ng cung cp thng tin trn trang thng tin in t c nhn Thng t s 09/2008/TT-BTTTT hng dn v qun l v s dng ti nguyn Internet Thng t s 10/2008/TT-BTTTT quy nh v gii quyt tranh chp tn min quc gia Vit Nam .vn Thng t s 12/2008/TT-BTTTT hng dn thc hin mt s ni dung ca Ngh nh s 90/2008/N-CP ca Chnh ph v chng th rc
VB bn trn
Ngh nh s 57/2006/N-CP Ngh nh s 27/2007/N-CP Ngh nh s 97/2008/N-CP Ngh nh s 97/2008/N-CP Ngh nh s 97/2008/N-CP Ngh nh s 97/2008/N-CP Ngh nh s 90/2008/N-CP Ngh nh s 90/2008/N-CP
Thng t s 03/2009/TT-BTTTT quy nh v m s qun l v mu giy 02/03/2009 chng nhn m s qun l i vi nh cung cp dch v qung co bng th in t, tin nhn; nh cung cp dch v tin nhn qua mng Internet 16/03/2009
Thng t s 50/2009/TT-BTC v vic hng dn giao dch in t trn th Ngh nh s trng chng khon 27/2007/N-CP Ngh nh s 64/2007/N-CP Ngh nh s 26/2007/N-CP Ngh nh s 97/2008/N-CP Ngh nh s 26/2007/N-CP Ngh nh s 35/2007/N-CP Ngh nh s 27/2007/N-CP Ngh nh s 64/2007/N-CP Ngh nh s 27/2007/N-CP Ngh nh s 57/2008/N-CP Ngh nh s 27/2007/N-CP
Thng t s 26/2009/TT-BTTTT quy nh v vic cung cp thng tin v 31/07/2009 m bo kh nng truy cp thun tin i vi trang thng tin in t ca c quan nh nc Thng t s 37/2009/TT-BTTTT quy nh v h s v th tc lin quan 14/12/2009 n cp php, ng k, cng nhn cc t chc cung cp dch v chng thc ch k s 29/06/2010 Thng t s 14/2010/TT-BTTTT quy nh v hot ng qun l trang thng tin in t v dch v mng x hi trc tuyn.
22/07/2010 Thng t s 17/2010/TT-BKH quy nh chi tit th im u thu qua mng 9/11/2010 10/11/2010 Thng t s 23/2010/TT-NHNN quy nh v vic qun l, vn hnh v s dng H thng Thanh ton in t lin ngn hng Thng t s 180/2010/TT-BTC hng dn giao dch in t trong lnh vc thu
Thng t s 25/2010/TT-BTTTT quy nh vic thu thp, s dng, chia s, 15/11/2010 m bo an ton v bo v thng tin c nhn trn trang thng tin in t hoc cng thng tin in t ca c quan nh nc 20/12/2010 31/12/2010 14/3/2011 Thng t s 209/2010/TT-BTC quy nh giao dch in t trong hot ng nghip v kho bc nh nc Thng t s 46/2010/TT-BCT quy nh v qun l hot ng ca cc website thng mi in t bn hng ha hoc cung ng dch v Thng t s 32/2011/TT-BTC hng dn v khi to, pht hnh v s dng ha n in t bn hng ha, cung ng dch v
14
1. Cc quy nh lin quan n giao dch in t trong vn bn php lut v dn s - thng mi Hai vn bn ct li nht iu chnh hot ng thng mi l B lut dn s v Lut Thng mi tha nhn gi tr php l ca giao dch in t thng qua vic tha nhn thng ip d liu hnh thc biu hin c th ca giao dch in t.
Hp I.1: Ti liu in t c tha nhn gi tr php l trong B lut Dn s v Lut Thng mi B lut Dn s - iu 124. Hnh thc giao dch dn s 1. Giao dch dn s c th hin bng li ni, bng vn bn hoc bng hnh vi c th. Giao dch dn s thng qua phng tin in t di hnh thc thng ip d liu c coi l giao dch bng vn bn. 2. Trong trng hp php lut quy nh giao dch dn s phi c th hin bng vn bn, phi c cng chng hoc chng thc, phi ng k hoc xin php th phi tun theo cc quy nh . Lut Thng mi - iu 15. Nguyn tc tha nhn gi tr php l ca thng ip d liu trong hot ng thng mi Trong hot ng thng mi, cc thng ip d liu p ng cc iu kin, tiu chun k thut theo quy nh ca php lut th c tha nhn c gi tr php l tng ng vn bn.
Bn cnh B lut Dn s v Lut Thng mi, ngi tham gia TMT cn phi tun th quy nh khc lin quan ti hot ng kinh doanh, thng mi nh Lut Bo v quyn li ngi tiu dng, Lut S hu tr tu, Lut Qung co, v.v Nhng vn bn lut ny cng dnh mt s iu c th quy nh v giao dch in t.
Hp I.2: Quy nh v hp ng in t trong Lut Bo v quyn li ngi tiu dng iu 14. Hp ng giao kt vi ngi tiu dng 1. Hnh thc hp ng giao kt vi ngi tiu dng c thc hin theo quy nh ca php lut v dn s. 2. Trng hp giao kt hp ng vi ngi tiu dng bng vn bn th ngn ng ca hp ng phi c th hin r rng, d hiu. Ngn ng s dng trong hp ng giao kt vi ngi tiu dng l ting Vit, tr trng hp cc bn c tha thun khc hoc php lut c quy nh khc. 3. Trng hp giao kt hp ng bng phng tin in t th t chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v phi to iu kin ngi tiu dng xem xt ton b hp ng trc khi giao kt. iu 20. Trch nhim cung cp bng chng giao dch 1. T chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v c trch nhim cung cp cho ngi tiu dng han hoc chng t, ti liu lin quan n giao dch theo quy nh ca php lut hoc theo yu cu ca ngi tiu dng. 2. Trng hp giao dch bng phng tin in t th t chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch vc trch nhim to iu kin cho ngi tiu dng truy nhp, ti, lu gi v in ha n, chng t, ti liu quy nh ti khon 1 iu ny.
Chng I Mi trng php l Hp I.3: Quy nh lin quan ti vic lu tr v truyn t tc phm bng phng tin in t trong Lut S hu tr tu iu 4. Gii thch t ng
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10. Sao chp l vic to ra mt hoc nhiu bn sao ca tc phm hoc bn ghi m, ghi hnh bng bt k phng tin hay hnh thc no, bao gm c vic lu tr thng xuyn hoc tm thi tc phm di hnh thc in t. iu 20. Quyn ti sn 1. Quyn ti sn bao gm cc quyn sau y: a) Lm tc phm phi sinh; b) Biu din tc phm trc cng chng; c) Sao chp tc phm; d) Phn phi, nhp khu bn gc hoc bn sao tc phm; ) Truyn t tc phm n cng chng bng phng tin hu tuyn, v tuyn, mng thng tin in t hoc bt k phng tin k thut no khc; e) Cho thu bn gc hoc bn sao tc phm in nh, chng trnh my tnh. 2. Cc quyn quy nh ti khon 1 iu ny do tc gi, ch s hu quyn tc gi c quyn thc hin hoc cho php ngi khc thc hin theo quy nh ca Lut ny. iu 22. Quyn tc gi i vi chng trnh my tnh, su tp d liu 1. Chng trnh my tnh l tp hp cc ch dn c th hin di dng cc lnh, cc m, lc hoc bt k dng no khc, khi gn vo mt phng tin m my tnh c c, c kh nng lm cho my tnh thc hin c mt cng vic hoc t c mt kt qu c th. Chng trnh my tnh c bo h nh tc phm vn hc, d c th hin di dng m ngun hay m my. 2. Su tp d liu l tp hp c tnh sng to th hin s tuyn chn, sp xp cc t liu di dng in t hoc dng khc. Vic bo h quyn tc gi i vi su tp d liu khng bao hm chnh cc t liu , khng gy phng hi n quyn tc gi ca chnh t liu . Hp I.4: Quy nh v qung co trn cc phng tin in t trong d tho Lut Qung co Php lnh Qung co coi mng thng tin my tnh l mt phng tin qung co (iu 9) v quy nh vic thc hin qung co trn mng thng tin my tnh phi c B Vn ho - Thng tin cp giy php (iu 16) D tho Lut Qung co (cp nht n thng 12 nm 2011) Mc 3. Qung co trn trang tin in t Internet v cc phng tin truyn dn, pht sng, phng tin in t iu 23. Qung co trn trang tin in t internet Din tch qung co khng c vt qu 15% din tch cc trang th hin trn khun hnh my tnh, tr cc chuyn trang chuyn qung co v trang tin in t ca doanh nghip c ni dung qung co cho chnh hng ho, dch v ca doanh nghip .
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iu 24. Qung co trn cc phng tin truyn dn, pht sng, phng tin in t 1. T chc, c nhn gi ni dung cc sn phm qung co trn cc phng tin truyn dn, pht sng, phng tin in t phi bo m cho ngi tip nhn qung co kh nng t chi nhn ni dung qung co.T chc, c nhn khng c tip tc gi sn phm qung co nu ngi tip nhn sn phm qung co thng bo khng ng nhn cc ni dung qung co. 2. Khng c qung co trn in thoi t 23 gi n 7gi.
Ngun: website ca VP Quc hi http://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/du-thao-luat/luat-quang-cao-1
2. Cc quy nh v giao dch in t v cng ngh thng tin Khung php l cho giao dch in t ni chung v TMT ni ring c hnh thnh vi hai tr ct chnh l Lut Giao dch in t v Lut Cng ngh thng tin, tm ngh nh hng dn Lut, cng mt lot thng t quy nh chi tit nhng kha cnh c th ca giao dch in t trong tng lnh vc ng dng c th.
Hnh I.1: H thng Lut, Ngh nh v giao dch in t v cng ngh thng tin
Lut giao dch in t
Lut CNTT
Ngh nh v TMT
2 thng t hng dn
Ngh nh v chng th rc
2 thng t hng dn
Ngh nh v Internet
5 thng t hng dn
Ngh nh v GD T trong h/ ti chnh

5 thng t hng dn
Ngh nh v Ch k s v DV chng thc ch k s

2 thng t hng dn
Ngh nh v ng dng CNTT trong CQNN

2 thng t hng dn
Ngh nh v GD T trong h/ ngn hng

1 thng t hng dn
Ngh nh v cung cp thng tin trn website CQNN
Lut Giao dch in t t nn tng php l c bn cho cc giao dch in t trong x hi bng vic tha nhn gi tr php l ca thng ip d liu, ng thi quy nh kh chi tit v ch k in t, mt yu t m bo tin cy ca thng ip d liu khi tin hnh giao dch. Nu Lut Giao dch in t tp trung iu chnh cc kha cnh php l ca giao dch in t, th Lut Cng ngh thng tin ch yu quy nh v hot ng ng dng v pht trin cng ngh thng tin cng nhng bin php bo m v mt chnh sch v h tng cho cc hot ng ny.
Chng I Mi trng php l Bng I.2: Cc vn bn thuc h thng Lut Giao dch in t
Thng t s 09/2008/TT-BCT hng dn Ngh nh Thng mi in t v cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t Thng t s 46/2010/TT-BCT quy nh v qun l hot ng ca cc website thng mi in t bn hng ha hoc cung ng dch v Ngh nh s 27/2007/N-CP v giao dch in t trong hot ng ti chnh
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Ngh nh s 57/2006/N-CP v Thng mi in t
Thng t s 50/2009/TT-BTC v vic hng dn giao dch in t trn th trng chng khon Ngh nh s 27/2007/N-CP v Giao dch in t trong hot ng ti chnh Thng t s 180/2010/TT-BTC hng dn giao dch in t trong lnh vc thu Thng t s 209/2010/TT-BTC quy nh giao dch in t trong hot ng nghip v kho bc nh nc Thng t s 32/2011/TT-BTC hng dn v khi to, pht hnh v s dng ha n in t bn hng ha, cung ng dch v Ngh nh s 35/2007/N-CP Thng t s 23/2010/TT-NHNN quy nh v vic qun l, v Giao dch in t trong hot vn hnh v s dng H thng Thanh ton in t lin ng ngn hng ngn hng Ngh nh s 26/2007/N-CP Thng t s 37/2009/TT-BTTTT quy nh v h s v th quy nh chi tit thi hnh Lut tc lin quan n cp php, ng k, cng nhn cc t Giao dch in t v Ch k s chc cung cp dch v chng thc ch k s v Dch v chng thc ch k s Thng t s 12/2008/TT-BTTTT hng dn thc hin mt s ni dung ca Ngh nh s 90/2008/N-CP ca Chnh ph v chng th rc
LUT GIAO DCH IN T
Ngh nh s 90/2008/N-CP v Thng t s 03/2009/TT-BTTTT quy nh v m s qun l chng th rc v mu giy chng nhn m s qun l i vi nh cung cp dch v qung co bng th in t, tin nhn; nh cung cp dch v tin nhn qua mng Internet
Trong s nm ngh nh hng dn Lut Giao dch in t, c ba ngh nh tp trung iu chnh v thng ip d liu trong cc lnh vc kinh t c th l thng mi, ti chnh v ngn hng. Ngh nh v TMT tip tc c chi tit ha bng hai thng t, trong mt thng t hng dn v vic cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website TMT, mt thng t quy nh v qun l hot ng ca cc website TMT bn hng ha v cung ng dch v. Hai Ngh nh hng dn v giao dch in t trong hot ng ti chnh v ngn hng cng c c th ha bng mt lot thng t bn di iu chnh tng nghip v c th nh chng khon, thu, kho bc, ha n, thanh ton in t lin ngn hng, v.v Khc vi ba ngh nh ni trn, Ngh nh v ch k s v dch v chng thc ch k s c tnh k thut cao hn v bao gm nhng quy phm php lut kh c th, t nn tng cho vic trin khai dch v chng thc ch k s - gii php cng ngh
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ph bin nht hin nay m bo tnh php l ca thng ip d liu trong cc giao dch kinh t, thng mi v dn s. Tng t, Ngh nh v chng th rc cng iu chnh kh chi tit mt hot ng c th ca ng dng CNTT v TMT l vic gi th in t v tin nhn vi s lng ln, bao gm c th in t v tin nhn qung co. Bn cnh cc vn bn thuc h thng Lut Giao dch in t, hot ng TMT cn chu s iu chnh ca Lut Cng ngh thng tin cng nhng vn bn hng dn thi hnh. Trong s cc vn c quy nh ti Lut Cng ngh thng tin, c 2 nhm vn ln cn c bit lu l cc quy nh v Internet nn tng k thut ca hot ng TMT ni chung, v quy nh v ng dng CNTT trong c quan nh nc nn tng ca vic trin khai loi hnh TMT B2G trong tng lai.
Bng I.3: Cc vn bn thuc h thng Lut Cng ngh thng tin
Thng t s 26/2009/TT-BTTTT quy nh v vic cung cp thng tin v m bo kh nng truy cp thun tin i vi trang thng tin in t ca c quan nh nc
Ngh nh s 64/2007/N-CP v ng dng CNTT trong hot Thng t s 25/2010/TT-BTTTT quy nh vic thu thp, ng ca c quan nh nc s dng, chia s, m bo an ton v bo v thng tin c nhn trn trang thng tin in t hoc cng thng tin in t ca c quan nh nc
LUT CNG NGH THNG TIN Ngh nh s 97/2008/N-CP v qun l, cung cp, s dng dch v Internet v thng tin in t trn Internet
Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTTTT hng dn mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 97/2008/N-CP v qun l, cung cp, s dng dch v Internet v thng tin in t trn Internet Thng t s 07/2008/TT-BTTTT hng dn mt s ni dung v hot ng cung cp thng tin trn trang thng tin in t c nhn Thng t s 09/2008/TT-BTTTT hng dn v qun l v s dng ti nguyn Internet Thng t s 10/2008/TT-BTTTT quy nh v gii quyt tranh chp tn min quc gia Vit Nam .vn Thng t s 14/2010/TT-BTTTT quy nh v hot ng qun l trang thng tin in t v dch v mng x hi trc tuyn Ngh nh 43/2011/N-CP quy nh v vic cung cp thng tin Thng t s 24/2011/TT-BTTTT quy nh v vic to lp, s v dch v cng trc tuyn trn dng v lu tr d liu c t trn trang thng tin in t trang thng tin in t hoc hoc cng thng tin in t ca c quan nh nc cng thng tin in t ca
3. Cc quy nh v thu, k ton c th tin hnh mt chu trnh TMT trn vn t khu t hng n khu thanh ton, vic x l cc ha n, chng t in t pht sinh t giao dch cn c gii quyt trit . Do nghip v thu v k ton c nhng c th ring, tun theo cc tiu chun v quy trnh nghip v rt cht ch, nn a mt loi hnh giao dch
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hon ton phi truyn thng nh giao dch TMT vo hch ton th ngoi s tha nhn chnh thc ca nh nc v gi tr php l ca chng t in t, cn cn s thay i tng ng trong cc quy nh v ha n chng t ca c h thng php lut ti chnh hin hnh. Nm 2005, Lut Giao dch in t ra i, ch c nhng quy nh chung nht v gi tr php l ca thng ip d liu. Sau , Ngh nh 27/2007/N-CP v Giao dch in t trong hot ng ti chnh ban hnh nm 2007 c mt iu v gi tr php l ca chng t in t, tuy nhin iu ny ch nu kh chung chung: Hnh thc th hin, vic gi, nhn, lu tr v gi tr php l ca chng t in t c thc hin theo Lut Giao dch in t. Chng t in t trong hot ng ti chnh phi p ng cc yu cu v qun l Nh nc, ph hp vi quy nh ca php lut i vi cc chuyn ngnh v ti chnh. Ngh nh 27 khng a ra quy nh c th no v gi tr php l ca chng t, ha n in t cng nh cc iu kin cn thit chng t, ha n in t c chp nhn trong cc nghip v k ton, kim ton, thu Do , t nm 2005 cho n nm 2010, vic s dng ha n in t trong giao dch TMT gia cc n v k ton gn nh khng th thc hin c. 3.1. Mt s quy nh lin quan ti ha n in t trong cc vn bn php lut ngnh ti chnh Lut K ton nm 2003 bc u tha nhn s hin hu ca chng t in t v quy inh ha n in t l mt trong bn hnh thc th hin ha n. Tuy nhin ch trng Chnh ph quy nh chi tit v chng t in t mt mt thi gian di trc khi c hin thc ha vo nm 2011, vi s ra i ca Thng t s 32 /2011/TT-BTC hng dn v khi to, pht hnh v s dng ha n in t bn hng ha, cung ng dch v.
Hp I.5: Quy nh v chng t in t v ha n in t trong Lut k ton iu 18. Chng t in t 1. Chng t in t c coi l chng t k ton khi c cc ni dung quy nh ti iu 17 ca Lut ny v c th hin di dng d liu in t, c m ha m khng b thay i trong qu trnh truyn qua mng my tnh hoc trn vt mang tin nh bng t, a t, cc loi th thanh ton. 2. Chnh ph quy nh chi tit v chng t in t. iu 20. K chng t k ton 4. Chng t in t phi c ch k in t theo quy nh ca php lut. iu 21. Ha n bn hng 3. Ha n bn hng c th hin bng cc hnh thc sau y: a) Ha n theo mu in sn; b) Ha n in t my; c) Ha n in t; d) Tem, v, th in sn gi thanh ton.
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Ngh nh 128/2004/N-CP v Lut K ton p dng trong lnh vc k ton nh nc v Ngh nh 129/2004/N-CP v Lut K ton p dng trong hot ng kinh doanh c mt s ni dung sau lin quan ti vic s dng chng t in t: - C mt s quy nh v vic lu tr, qun l, bo qun chng t in t v iu kin cng ngh - k thut cho vic trin khai s dng chng t in t. - C mt iu v Gi tr chng t in t nhng thc cht ch cp rt s lc ti vic chng t in t chuyn i t chng t giy giao dch thanh ton th s c gi tr thc hin nghip v thanh ton. - C quy nh v lu tr chng t in t, tuy nhin chng t in t trc khi a vo lu tr phi in ra giy lu tr theo quy nh v lu tr ti liu k ton. - Cc quy nh v ha n bn hng trong Ngh nh ny khng cp g ti ha n in t. Ngh nh 51/2010/N-CP quy nh v Ha n bn hng ha, cung ng dch v c mt bc tin trong vic khng nh ch trng Nh nc khuyn khch hnh thc ha n in t. Tuy nhin vn cn thiu nhng quy nh c th v khi to, lp, pht hnh v nhn dng ha n p dng cho hnh thc ha n kh c th ny.iu 7 v Ha n in t Trong Ngh nh mi c mt quy nh rt chung Ha n in t c s dng theo quy nh ca php lut v giao dch in t, trong khi php lut v giao dch in t cha c th hng dn cc nghip v mang tnh chuyn ngnh cao nh k ton, kim ton, thu
Hp I.6: Cc ni dung lin quan n ha n in t trong Ngh nh 51/2010/N-CP quy nh v ha n bn hng ha, cung ng dch v iu 3. Gii thch t ng 1. Ha n l chng t do ngi bn lp, ghi nhn thng tin bn hng ha, dch v theo quy nh ca php lut. 2. To ha n l hot ng lm ra ha n s dng cho mc ch bn hng ha, dch v ca t chc, c nhn kinh doanh; gm: t in t cc my mc, thit b ti doanh nghip; t cc doanh nghip iu kin in ha n; khi to ha n in t theo Lut Giao dch in t. iu 4. Loi, hnh thc v ni dung ha n 2. Ha n c th hin bng cc hnh thc sau: a) Ha n t in l ha n do cc t chc, c nhn kinh doanh t in ra trn cc thit b tin hc, my tnh tin hoc cc loi my khc khi bn hng ha, dch v; b) Ha n in t l tp hp cc thng ip d liu in t v bn hng ha, dch v, c khi to, lp, gi, nhn, lu tr v qun l theo quy nh ti Lut Giao dch in t v cc vn bn hng dn thi hnh; c) Ha n t in. iu 5. Nguyn tc to v pht hnh ha n 1. T chc, c nhn kinh doanh p ng cc iu kin quy nh ti iu 6, iu 7 Ngh nh ny c t in ha n hoc khi to ha n in t s dng trong vic bn hng ha, dch v.
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5. T chc, c nhn kinh doanh c th ng thi cng lc s dng nhiu hnh thc ha n khc nhau. Nh nc khuyn khch hnh thc ha n in t. iu 7. Ha n in t 1. Ha n in t c khi to, lp, x l trn h thng my tnh ca t chc, c nhn kinh doanh c cp m s thu khi bn hng ha, dch v v c lu tr trn my tnh ca cc Bn theo quy nh ca php lut v giao dch in t. 2. Ha n in t c s dng theo quy nh ca php lut v giao dch in t. iu 15. Lp ha n 4. Trng hp bn hng qua in thoi, qua mng; bn hng ha, dch v cng lc cho nhiu ngi tiu dng, khi lp ha n ngi bn hoc ngi mua khng phi k tn theo quy nh ca B Ti chnh. 5. Ha n in t c lp xong sau khi ngi bn v ngi mua k xc nhn giao dch c thc hin theo quy nh ca php lut v giao dch in t.
3.2. Thng t s 32 /2011/TT-BTC hng dn v khi to, pht hnh v s dng ha n in t Trc i hi bc thit ca thc tin pht trin giao dch in t v nhu cu s dng ha n in t ngy cng ln ca doanh nghip, ngy 14 thng 3 nm 2011 B Ti chnh ban hnh Thng t s32 /2011/TT-BTC hng dn v khi to, pht hnh v s dng ha n in t bn hng ha, cung ng dch v. Thng t ny quy nh chi tit v gi tr php l v cc nguyn tc s dng ha n in t, ng thi lm r cc nghip v gn vi quy trnh x l ha n trong trng hp c th ca ha n in t: - Nguyn tc s dng, iu kin ca t chc khi to ho n in t - iu kin ca t chc trung gian cung cp gii php ha n in t - Ni dung ca ho n in t - Khi to, pht hnh ho n in t - Lp ha n in t - X l i vi ha n in t lp - Bo co s dng, y nhim lp ha n in t - Lu tr, hy v tiu hy ha n in t - Chuyn t ho n in t sang ho n giy - Kim tra vic khi to, lp, pht hnh, qun l, s dng ho n in t Theo Thng t ny, ho n in t l tp hp cc thng ip d liu in t v bn hng ho, cung ng dch v, c khi to, lp, gi, nhn, lu tr v qun l bng phng tin in t. Ha n in t gm cc loi: ha n xut khu; ha n gi tr gia tng; ha n bn hng; ho n khc gm: tem, v, th, phiu thu tin bo him; phiu thu tin cc vn chuyn hng khng, chng t thu cc ph vn ti quc t, chng t
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thu ph dch v ngn hng, hnh thc v ni dung c lp theo thng l quc t v cc quy nh ca php lut c lin quan. 3.3. Mt s iu cn lu khi s dng ho n in t Ho n in t c khi to, lp, x l trn h thng my tnh ca t chc c cp m s thu khi bn hng ho, dch v v c lu tr trn my tnh ca cc bn theo quy nh ca php lut v giao dch in t. Ha n in t phi m bo nguyn tc: xc nh c s ha n theo nguyn tc lin tc v trnh t thi gian, mi s ha n m bo ch c lp v s dng mt ln duy nht.Ha n lp di dng giy nhng c x l, truyn hoc lu tr bng phng tin in t khng phi l ha n in t. Trng hp ngi bn s dng ha n in t khi bn hng ha, cung cp dch v, ngi bn c trch nhim thng bo cho ngi mua v nh dng ha n in t, cch thc truyn nhn ha n in t gia ngi bn v ngi mua (nu r cch thc truyn nhn ha n in t l truyn trc tip t h thng ca ngi bn sang h thng ca ngi mua; hoc ngi bn thng qua h thng trung gian ca t chc cung cp gii php ha n in t lp ha n v truyn cho ngi mua). Ngi bn, ngi mua, t chc trung gian cung cp gii php ha n in t v cc n v c lin quan phi c tho thun v yu cu k thut v cc iu kin bo m tnh ton vn, bo mt c lin quan n ho n in t . Ngoi cc ni dung bt buc phi c ca ha n bn hng ha dch v,ho n in t phi c chk in t ca ngi bn. Trong trng hp ngi mua l n v k ton ha n in t phi c ch k in t ca ngi mua. T chc khi to ha n in t trc khi khi to ho n in t phi ra quyt nh p dng ho n in t v lp Thng bo pht hnh ha n in t, gi c quan thu qun l trc tipbng vn bn giy hoc bng vn bn in t gi thng qua cng thng tin in t ca c quan thu. Trng hp bn hng ha, cung cp dch v, i vi mi ln bn hng ha, cung cp dch v, t chc kinh doanh ch s dng mt trong ba hnh thc ha n (t in, t in, in t). Vic lp v gi ha n in t c th c thc hin trn phn mm lp ha n in t ca ngi bn hoc h thng lp ha n in t ca t chc trung gian cung cp gii php ha n in t. 3.4. iu kin mt n v trin khai p dng ha n in t Ngi bn hng ha, dch v phi p ng iu kin sau mi c khi to ha n in t: - L t chc kinh t c iu kin v ang thc hin giao dch in t trong khai thu vi c quan thu; hoc l t chc kinh t c s dng giao dch in t trong hot ng ngn hng.
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- C a im, cc ng truyn ti thng tin, mng thng tin, thit b truyn tin p ng yu cu khai thc, kim sot, x l, s dng, bo qun v lu tr ho n in t; C i ng ngi thc thi trnh , kh nng tng xng vi yu cu thc hin vic khi to, lp, s dng ho n in t theo quy nh; - C ch k in t theo quy nh ca php lut. - C phn mm bn hng ho, dch v kt ni vi phn mm k ton, m bo d liu ca ho n in t bn hng ho, cung ng dch v c t ng chuyn vo phn mm (hoc c s d liu) k ton ti thi im lp ho n. - C cc quy trnh sao lu d liu, khi phc d liu, lu tr d liu p ng cc yu cu ti thiu v cht lng lu tr bao gm: 1) H thng lu tr d liu phi p ng hoc c chng minh l tng thch vi cc chun mc v h thng lu tr d liu; 2) C quy trnh sao lu v phc hi d liu khi h thng gp s c: m bo sao lu d liu ca ha n in t ra cc vt mang tin hoc sao lu trc tuyn ton b d liu. T chc trung gian cung cp gii php ha n in t, bn cnh cc yu cu v h tng k thut, gii php cng ngh v quy trnh x l nghip v, cn phi p ng cc iu kin sau: - L doanh nghip hot ng ti Vit Nam c Giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh hoc Giy chng nhn u t hoc Giy php u t ca doanh nghip u t ti Vit Nam trong lnh vc cng ngh thng tin hoc l ngn hng c cung cp dch v giao dch in t trong hot ng ngn hng. - trin khai h thng cung cp gii php cng ngh thng tin phc v trao i d liu in t gia cc doanh nghip hoc gia cc t chc vi nhau. - C gii php lu tr kt qu cc ln truyn nhn gia cc bn tham gia giao dch; lu tr ha n in t vi yu cu thng ip d liu in t phi c lu gi trn h thng. Thng t 32/2011/TT-BTC ra i l bc t ph ln trong vic hon thin khung kh php l, t nn mng cho vic trin khai ha n in t phc v cc giao dch thng mi trong ton x hi. Tuy nhin, a nhng quy nh ny vo cuc sng, B Ti chnh vn cn r sot, ng b ha cc quy nh lin quan ti ha n, chng t k ton in t trong cc nghip v k ton, kim ton, thu. Mc tiu l to iu kin cho doanh nghip v t chc thc hin vic mua, bn hng ha, dch v trc tuyn c th s dng rng ri ha n in t. 4. Cc quy nh v ch ti v x l vi phm Hot ng giao dch in t ni chung v TMT ni ring chu s iu chnh ca rt nhiu vn bn quy phm php lut. Bn cnh h thng lut v TMT v cng ngh thng tin, giao dch TMT cn phi tun th cc quy nh ca Lut Thng mi, Lut Qung co, Lut Cnh tranh, Lut Bo v ngi tiu dng, cng nh tt
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c cc quy nh khc v hot ng kinh doanh - thng mi. Do , nhng hnh vi vi phm trong TMT ty theo tnh cht c th b x l theo cc vn bn khc nhau. Ch ti i vi cc hnh vi vi phm c chia lm 2 loi: x pht hnh chnh v x l hnh s. mc thng thng, vi phm trong giao dch TMT s b x l cn c theo cc Ngh nh v x pht vi phm hnh chnh nm di cc Lut hin hnh v hot ng kinh doanh - thng mi hoc CNTT, TMT. Nhng hnh vi vi phm mc nng hn, gy hu qu nghim trng c th b x l hnh s cn c theo B lut Hnh s nm 1999 v Lut sa i, b sung mt s iu ca B lut hnh s nm 2009. 4.1. X pht hnh chnh Vic x l cc vi phm hnh chnh trong hot ng TMT, ty theo tnh cht ca hnh vi vi phm, s c p dng theo quy nh ti nhng vn bn sau: - Ngh nh v x pht hnh chnh trong hot ng thng mi - Ngh nh v x pht hnh chnh trong lnh vc CNTT - Ngh nh v x pht hnh chnh trong qun l, cung cp, s dng dch v Internet v thng tin in t trn Internet - Ngh nh v chng th rc - Cc lut, ngh nh khc quy nh v cnh tranh, qung co, bo v ngi tiu dng
Hnh I.2: Cc vn bn v x pht hnh chnh c th p dng x l vi phm trong TMT
X pht HC trong lnh vc CNTT
63/2007/ N-CP
X pht HC vi cc vi phm v th rc 28/2009/ N-CP X pht HC trong qun l Internet X pht HC trong hot ng thng mi Lut TM Lut GDT Lut CNTT 90/2008/ N-CP
06/2008/ N-CP
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a. X pht hnh chnh trong lnh vc kinh doanh - thng mi Cc vi phm chung v hot ng kinh doanh v thng mi trn mi trng in t, cng nh hot ng kinh doanh trong mi trng truyn thng, s b x pht theo Ngh nh s 06/2008/N-CP ngy 16/1/2008 v x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong hot ng thng mi, c th l nhng vi phm: - Vi phm quy nh v Giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh ca thng nhn; - Vi phm quy nh v lu thng, kinh doanh hng ho, dch v trn th trng; - Vi phm quy nh v hot ng xc tin thng mi; - Vi phm quy nh v xut khu, nhp khu hng ho v dch v lin quan n xut khu, nhp khu hng ho; - Vi phm quy nh v hot ng trung gian thng mi Ngoi Lut Thng mi, hot ng kinh doanh TMT ca doanh nghip cn phi tun th php lut v cnh tranh, qung co, bo v ngi tiu dng, v.v Do , vi phm ca doanh nghip lin quan n cc lnh vc ny cn c th b x pht hnh chnh theo nhng quy nh tng ng, v d: - Lut Cnh tranh quy nh cc hnh vi cnh tranh khng lnh mnh, bao gm:1) ch dn gy nhm ln, 2) xm phm b mt kinh doanh, 3) p buc trong kinh doanh, 4) gim pha doanh nghip khc, 5) gy ri hot ng kinh doanh ca doanh nghip khc, 6-7) qung co, khuyn mi nhm cnh tranh khng lnh mnh, 8) bn hng a cp bt chnh, v.v... Nhng hnh vi cnh tranh khng lnh mnh nh trn, cho d c thc hin trn mi trng in t, cng s b x pht theo quy nh ti Mc 4 Ngh nh s 120/2005/N-CP ngy 30/9/2005 v x l vi phm php lut trong lnh vc cnh tranh. - Lut Bo v quyn li ngi tiu dng ban hnh ngy 17/11/2010 quy nh cc hnh vi xm phm n quyn li ngi tiu dng b cm; nu doanh nghip vi phm s b x pht vi phm hnh chnh hoc b truy cu trch nhim hnh s. Trong nhng quy nh ny, doanh nghip kinh doanh TMT cn c bit lu cc hnh vi b cm sau:
Hp I.7: Nhng hnh vi xm phm n quyn li ngi tiu dng cn lu trnh trong TMT Lut Bo v quyn li ngi tiu dng nm 2010 iu 10. Cc hnh vi b cm 1. T chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v la di hoc gy nhm ln cho ngi tiu dng thng qua hot ng qung co hoc che giu, cung cp thng tin khng y , sai lch, khng chnh xc v mt trong cc ni dung sau y: a) Hng ha, dch v m t chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v cung cp;
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b) Uy tn, kh nng kinh doanh, kh nng cung cp hng ha, dch v ca t chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v; c) Ni dung, c im giao dch gia ngi tiu dng vi t chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v. 2. T chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v quy ri ngi tiu dng thng qua tip th hng ha, dch v tri vi mun ca ngi tiu dng t 02 ln tr ln hoc c hnh vi khc gy cn tr, nh hng n cng vic, sinh hot bnh thng ca ngi tiu dng. 4. T chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v thc hin hot ng xc tin thng mi, ngh giao dch trc tip vi i tng l ngi khng c nng lc hnh vi dn s hoc ngi mt nng lc hnh vi dn s. 5. T chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v yu cu ngi tiu dng thanh ton hng ha, dch v cung cp m khng c tha thun trc vi ngi tiu dng. 8. T chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v khng bo m cht lng gy thit hi n tnh mng, sc khe, ti sn ca ngi tiu dng.
b. X pht hnh chnh trong lnh vc cng ngh thng tin, vin thng - Internet Bn cnh vic tun th ton b cc quy nh hin hnh v kinh doanh thng mi, cc bn tham gia TMT cn phi tun th nhng quy nh v vin thng, Internet, CNTT v TMT trn mt s kha cnh c th, c bit trong vn thng tin mu cht ca giao dch TMT. Ngh nh s 06/2008/N-CP ngy 16/1/2008 v x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong hot ng thng mi c hn mt iu (iu 52) v TMT, trong quy nh chi tit mc x pht vi cc hnh vi sau trong giao dch TMT: - Gi mo, chim ot, tit l, thay i, xa, hy tri php mt phn hoc ton b chng t in t do t chc c nhn khc khi to; - Vi phm cc quy nh v cung cp iu khon ca hp ng khi tin hnh hot ng TMT; - Vi phm cc quy nh v s dng h thng thng tin t ng giao kt hp ng trong TMT. - Ngn cn, hn ch kh nng ca t chc, c nhn trong vic s dng chng t in t, giao kt v thc hin hp ng bng phng tin in t; Ngn cn, hn ch kh nng ca t chc, c nhn trong vic la chn cng ngh, phng tin in t tin hnh hot ng thng mi; - Xm phm, can thip tri php vo h thng thng tin s dng cho hot ng TMT ca t chc, c nhn khc; - Khng tun th nhng quy nh ca php lut v kinh doanh bng phng tin in t. - Khi to, gi, truyn, nhn, x l cc chng t in t nhm thc hin hnh vi gian ln thng mi, cnh tranh khng lnh mnh, la di hoc xm phm li ch ngi tiu dng;
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- Gi mo a ch h thng thng tin ca t chc, c nhn khc thc hin cc hot ng thng mi hoc hot ng lin quan n thng mi; - Ph hoi h thng thng tin s dng cho hot ng TMT ca t chc, c nhn khc. Ngoi nhng vi phm k trn, mt s hnh vi vi phm thng gp trong giao dch TMT s b x l theo cc quy nh ti Ngh nh s 63/2007/N-CP v x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc CNTT, c th l cc iu khon sau: - iu 6. Hnh vi vi phm cc quy nh v lu tr, cho thu, truyn a, cung cp, truy nhp, thu thp, x l, trao i v s dng thng tin s - iu 8. Hnh vi vi phm cc quy nh v ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong thng mi - iu 15. Hnh vi vi phm cc quy nh v c s h tng thng tin phc v ng dng v pht trin cng ngh thng tin - iu 17. Vi phm cc quy nh v s hu tr tu trong lnh vc cng ngh thng tin - iu 18. Hnh vi vi phm cc quy nh v bo v quyn, li ch hp php v h tr ngi s dng sn phm, dch v cng ngh thng tin - iu 19. Hnh vi vi phm cc quy nh v tn min, a ch Internet, s hiu mng Bn cnh , doanh nghip hot ng TMT, c bit cc doanh nghip trin khai cung cp dch v qua mng Internet cng cn lu ti Ngh nh s 28/2009/N-CP quy nh v x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong qun l, cung cp, s dng dch v Internet v thng tin in t trn Internet, trong c nhng iu khon v x pht i vi vi phm trong s dng tn min (iu 11), qun l ni dung trn website, (iu 18) v cung cp dch v tr chi trc tuyn (iu 17). Trong hot ng qung co s dng th in t v tin nhn, doanh nghip cn tun th cc quy nh ti Ngh nh s 90/2008/N-CP v chng th rc. Cc hnh vi vi phm, ty theo tnh cht v mc , s chu mc x pht hnh chnh khc nhau, cao nht ln ti 80 triu ng. Cc hnh thc ch ti v mc x pht c quy nh chi tit t iu 34 n iu 43 ca Ngh nh ny. 4.2. X l hnh s B lut Hnh s nm 1995 dnh ba iu quy nh v ti phm cng ngh thng tin, bao gm ti to v pht tn virus, cn tr ph hoi mng my tnh, v s dng tri php thng tin trn mng my tnh, vi mc x pht cao nht t 5 n 7 nm t.
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Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2011 Hp I.8: Cc hnh vi ti phm v cng ngh thng tin ti B lut Hnh s nm 1995
iu 224. Ti to ra v lan truyn, pht tn cc chng trnh vi - rt tin hc 1. Ngi no to ra v c lan truyn, pht tn cc chng trnh vi-rt qua mng my tnh hoc bng cc phng thc khc gy ri lon hot ng, phong to hoc lm bin dng, lm hu hoi cc d liu ca my tnh hoc b x l k lut, x pht hnh chnh v hnh vi ny m cn vi phm, th b pht tin t nm triu ng n mt trm triu ng hoc pht t t su thng n ba nm. 2. Phm ti gy hu qu rt nghim trng hoc c bit nghim trng, th b pht t t hai nm n by nm. 3. Ngi phm ti cn c th b pht tin t nm triu ng n nm mi triu ng, cm m nhim chc v, cm hnh ngh hoc lm cng vic nht nh t mt nm n nm nm. iu 225. Ti vi phm cc quy nh v vn hnh, khai thc v s dng mng my tnh in t 1. Ngi no c s dng mng my tnh m vi phm cc quy nh v vn hnh, khai thc v s dng mng my tnh gy ri lon hot ng, phong to hoc lm bin dng, lm hu hoi cc d liu ca my tnh hoc b x l k lut, x pht hnh chnh v hnh vi ny m cn vi phm, th b pht tin t nm triu ng n mt trm triu ng, ci to khng giam gi n ba nm hoc pht t t mt nm n ba nm. 2. Phm ti thuc mt trong cc trng hp sau y, th b pht t t hai nm n nm nm: a) C t chc; b) Gy hu qu rt nghim trng hoc c bt nghim trng. 3. Ngi phm ti cn c th b pht tin t nm triu ng n nm mi triu ng, cm m nhim chc v, cm hnh ngh hoc lm cng vic nht nh t mt nm n nm nm. iu 226. Ti s dng tri php thng tin trn mng v trong my tnh 1. Ngi no s dng tri php thng tin trn mng v trong my tnh, cng nh a vo mng my tnh nhng thng tin tri vi quy nh ca php lut gy hu qu nghim trng, b x l k lut, x pht hnh chnh m cn vi phm, th b pht tin t nm triu ng n nm mi triu ng, ci to khng giam gi n ba nm hoc b pht t t su thng n ba nm. 2. Phm ti thuc mt trong cc trng hp sau y, th b pht t t hai nm n nm nm: a) C t chc; b) Gy hu qu rt nghim trng hoc c bit nghim trng. 3. Ngi phm ti cn c th b pht tin t ba triu ng n ba mi triu ng, cm m nhim chc v, cm hnh ngh hoc lm cng vic nht nh t mt nm n nm nm.
Lut sa i, b sung mt s iu ca B lut hnh s ban hnh ngy 19 thng 6 nm 2009 sa i v b sung cc quy nh v ti phm CNTT ti B lut hnh s theo hng m rng phm vi iu chnh t mi trng mng my tnh sang bao gm c cc mng khc nh mng vin thng, mng Internet v cc thit b s. Lut cng chi tit ha v tng khung hnh pht i vi cc hnh vi ti phm c trong B lut Hnh s. Khung x pht i vi tt c cc hnh vi u c nng cao hn, k c mc x pht hnh chnh v x l hnh s (mc pht tin cao nht theo quy nh c l 100 triu ng, nay nng thnh 200 triu ng, mc pht t cao nht theo quy nh c l 7 nm t, nay tng ln 12 nm t). Nhng hnh vi phm ti cng c chi tit ha v phn chia mc nghim trng p khung hnh pht tha ng.
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c bit, Lut sa i, b sung B lut hnh s b sung mt s hnh vi ti phm mc rt chi tit nh Mua bn, trao i, tng cho, sa cha, thay i hoc cng khai ha nhng thng tin ring hp php ca c quan, t chc, c nhn khc trn mng my tnh, mng vin thng, mng Internet m khng c php ca ch s hu thng tin , bc u cho thy s quan tm ca c quan thc thi php lut i vi vic bo v thng tin c nhn trn mi trng mng, trong bi cnh giao dch in t ang m rng ti mi cp ca i sng x hi v tc ng n tng c th ca cng ng dn c. Bn cnh vic hon thin nhng quy nh c, Lut cn b sung thm hai ti phm mi trong lnh vc CNTT l Ti truy cp bt hp php vo mng my tnh, mng vin thng, mng Internet hoc thit b s ca ngi khc v Ti s dng mng vin thng, mng my tnh, mng Internet hoc thit b s thc hin hnh vi chim ot ti sn, nhm gii quyt mt s dng ti phm ph bin nht trong thi gian qua, c bit l hnh vi rt tin ca ngi khc t my rt tin t ng.
Hp I.9: Cc hnh vi ti phm v CNTT v TMT trong Lut sa i, b sung B lut Hnh s nm 2009 iu 226 c sa i, b sung nh sau: iu 226. Ti a hoc s dng tri php thng tin trn mng my tnh, mng vin thng, mng Internet 1. Ngi no thc hin mt trong cc hnh vi sau y xm phm li ch ca c quan, t chc, c nhn, xm phm trt t, an ton x hi gy hu qu nghim trng, th b pht tin t mi triu ng n mt trm triu ng, ci to khng giam gi n ba nm hoc b pht t t su thng n ba nm: a) a ln mng my tnh, mng vin thng, mng Internet nhng thng tin tri vi quy nh ca php lut, nu khng thuc trng hp quy nh ti iu 88 v iu 253 ca B lut ny; b) Mua bn, trao i, tng cho, sa cha, thay i hoc cng khai ho nhng thng tin ring hp php ca c quan, t chc, c nhn khc trn mng my tnh, mng vin thng, mng Internet m khng c php ca ch s hu thng tin ; c) Hnh vi khc s dng tri php thng tin trn mng my tnh, mng vin thng, mng Internet. 2. Phm ti thuc mt trong cc trng hp sau y, th b pht t t hai nm n by nm: a) C t chc; b) Li dng quyn qun tr mng my tnh, mng vin thng, mng Internet; c) Thu li bt chnh t mt trm triu ng tr ln; d) Gy hu qu rt nghim trng hoc c bit nghim trng. 3. Ngi phm ti cn c th b pht tin t hai mi triu ng n hai trm triu ng, cm m nhim chc v, cm hnh ngh hoc lm cng vic nht nh t mt nm n nm nm. iu 226a (b sung): iu 226a. Ti truy cp bt hp php vo mng my tnh, mng vin thng, mng Internet hoc thit b s ca ngi khc
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1. Ngi no c vt qua cnh bo, m truy cp, tng la, s dng quyn qun tr ca ngi khc hoc bng phng thc khc truy cp bt hp php vo mng my tnh, mng vin thng, mng Internet hoc thit b s ca ngi khc chim quyn iu khin; can thip vo chc nng hot ng ca thit b s; ly cp, thay i, hy hoi, lm gi d liu hoc s dng tri php cc dch v, th b pht tin t hai mi triu ng n hai trm triu ng hoc pht t t mt nm n nm nm. 2. Phm ti thuc mt trong cc trng hp sau y, th b pht t t ba nm n by nm: a) C t chc; b) Li dng chc v, quyn hn; c) Thu li bt chnh ln; d) Gy hu qu nghim trng; ) Ti phm nguy him. 3. Phm ti thuc mt trong cc trng hp sau y, th b pht t t nm nm n mi hai nm: a) i vi h thng d liu thuc b mt nh nc; h thng thng tin phc v an ninh, quc phng; b) i vi c s h tng thng tin quc gia; h thng thng tin iu hnh li in quc gia; h thng thng tin ti chnh, ngn hng; h thng thng tin iu khin giao thng; c) Thu li bt chnh rt ln hoc c bit ln; d) Gy hu qu rt nghim trng hoc c bit nghim trng. 4. Ngi phm ti cn c th b pht tin t nm triu ng n nm mi triu ng, cm m nhim chc v, cm hnh ngh hoc lm cng vic nht nh t mt nm n nm nm. iu 226b (b sung): iu 226b. Ti s dng mng my tnh, mng vin thng, mng Internet hoc thit b s thc hin hnh vi chim ot ti sn 1. Ngi no s dng mng my tnh, mng vin thng, mng Internet hoc thit b s thc hin mt trong nhng hnh vi sau y, th b pht tin t mi triu ng n mt trm triu ng hoc pht t t mt nm n nm nm: a) S dng thng tin v ti khon, th ngn hng ca c quan, t chc, c nhn chim ot hoc lm gi th ngn hng nhm chim ot ti sn ca ch th hoc thanh ton hng ho, dch v; b) Truy cp bt hp php vo ti khon ca c quan, t chc, c nhn nhm chim ot ti sn; c) La o trong thng mi in t, kinh doanh tin t, huy ng vn tn dng, mua bn v thanh ton c phiu qua mng nhm chim ot ti sn ca c quan, t chc, c nhn; d) Hnh vi khc nhm chim ot ti sn ca c quan, t chc, c nhn. 2. Phm ti thuc mt trong cc trng hp sau y, th b pht t t ba nm n by nm: a) C t chc; b) Phm ti nhiu ln; c) C tnh cht chuyn nghip; d) Chim ot ti sn c gi tr t nm mi triu ng n di hai trm triu ng; ) Gy hu qu nghim trng; e) Ti phm nguy him. 3. Phm ti thuc mt trong cc trng hp sau y, th b pht t t by nm n mi lm nm: a) Chim ot ti sn c gi tr t hai trm triu ng n di nm trm triu ng;
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b) Gy hu qu rt nghim trng. 4. Phm ti thuc mt trong cc trng hp sau y, th b pht t t mi hai nm n hai mi nm hoc t chung thn: a) Chim ot ti sn c gi tr t nm trm triu ng tr ln; b) Gy hu qu c bit nghim trng. 5. Ngi phm ti cn c th b pht tin t nm triu ng n mt trm triu ng, tch thu mt phn hoc ton b ti sn, cm m nhim chc v, cm hnh ngh hoc lm cng vic nht nh t mt nm n nm nm.
Hin B Cng An phi hp vi B T php, B Thng tin v Truyn thng, Vin Kim st nhn dn ti cao v Ta n nhn dn ti cao ang d tho Thng t lin tch hng dn v x l ti phm trong lnh vc cng ngh thng tin. Thng t ny quy nh chi tit cc tnh tit l yu t nh ti hoc nh khung hnh pht cho nhng hnh vi ti phm quy nh ti iu 224, 225, 226, 226a v 226b ca B lut Hnh s. Vic xc nh mt ti phm c gy hu qu nghim trng, rt nghim trng hoc c bit nghim trng s khng ch cn c vo gi tr vt cht l hu qu trc tip ca hnh vi, m tnh n c nhng hu qu gin tip v thit hi phi vt cht m hnh vi ti phm gy ra. Vic c th ha ti Thng t cc mc thit hi cu thnh khung hnh pht s gip tho g vng mc c bn nht t trc n nay trong vic x l ti phm ca mt lnh vc phc tp v phi truyn thng nh ti phm CNTT, gp phn tng tnh nghim minh v rn e ca php lut, hng ti to lp mi trng cnh tranh bnh ng, lnh mnh cho TMT pht trin. II. NHNG VN CN LU TRONG QU TRNH TRIN KHAI NG DNG THNG MI IN T TI DOANH NGHIP 1. Qung co qua phng tin in t Cng vi tc pht trin kinh t - x hi, hot ng qung co v ang c nhng bc pht trin mnh vi s gia tng v s lng doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v qung co, s m rng c v hnh thc, quy m, kinh ph u t v cng ngh ng dng trong qung co. c bit, cc loi hnh qung co qua phng tin in t ang nhanh chng thay th qung co truyn thng, vi nhng phng thc mi, hin i m cc vn bn quy phm php lut v qung co trc kia cha iu chnh. Hin nay vn bn c gi tr cao nht trong h thng vn bn php lut v qung co l Php lnh Qung co nm 2001. Bo in t v mng thng tin my tnh c xem l mt trong nhng phng tin qung co v c iu chnh ti Php lnh Qung co cng nh cc vn bn bn di. Tuy nhin, cc quy nh lin quan n loi hnh qung co ny cn kh s lc v cha theo kp s pht trin nhanh chng ca hot ng tip th, qung co in t trn thc t. Trong cc loi hnh qung co s dng phng tin in t, qung co qua th in t v tin nhn di ng c nhng c th ring, khc bit hn vi cc phng thc qung co truyn thng. l kh nng hng i tng v tnh c bit ha cao,
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ng ngha vi ri ro cao v xm phm quyn ring t thng tin ca i tng nhn qung co. Do , mt vn bn ring iu chnh vn ny c ban hnhl Ngh nh s 90/2008/N-CP v chng th rc. 1.1. Qung co trn website Mc d Php lnh v Qung co v Ngh nh s 24/2003/N-CP quy nh chi tit thi hnh Php lnh Qung co cng nhn hnh thc qung co trn mng thng tin my tnh ni chung v trang thng tin in t ni ring, nhng nhng quy nh qu kht khe v hu nh khng c kh nng thc thi lm mt i vai tr iu chnh ca cc vn bn php quy ny.
Hp I.10: S bt hp l ca cc quy nh v qung co trn mng thng tin my tnh Khon 2 Mc III Thng t s 43/2003/TT-BVHTT hng dn thc hin Ngh nh 24/2003/NCP quy nh: a) Sn phm qung co thc hin trn mng thng tin my tnh (bao gm c mng kinh doanh dch v qung co v trang tin in t website) phi gi trc tip hoc qua ng bu chnh n Cc Vn ho - Thng tin c s trc khi thc hin qung co; b) Trng hp Cc Vn ho - Thng tin c s c yu cu sa i sn phm qung co trc khi a ln mng thng tin my tnh th ngi thc hin qung co c trch nhim sa i theo yu cu ca Cc Vn ho - Thng tin c s. Trng hp ngi thc hin qung co khng nht tr vi yu cu sa i sn phm qung co th Cc Vn ho - Thng tin c s c quyn khng cho php thc hin qung co trn mng thng tin my tnh; c) H s ng k thc hin qung co trn mng thng tin my tnh bao gm: - ng k thc hin qung co trn mng thng tin my tnh, s lng sn phm qung co, thi gian thc hin qung co trn mng thng tin my tnh. - Bn sao c gi tr php l giy php cung cp thng tin trn mng thng tin my tnh (ICP) hoc giy php lp trang tin in t (Website). - Bn sao c gi tr php l giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh dch v qung co (i vi c quan, t chc, doanh nghip ng k kinh doanh dch v qung co trn mng thng tin my tnh). - a hoc sn phm c cha cc sn phm qung co (hai bn).
Nhng quy nh trn, c xy dng theo m hnh qun l p dng cho cc phng tin qung co truyn thng, hon ton khng ph hp vi c th ca mi trng in t v lm mt i ng k u th ca qung co trc tuyn. c bit, quy trnh ng k thc hin qung co nh quy nh ti Thng t 43 hu nh khng kh thi i vi qung co qua th in t, v trong thc t cng khng p dng cho hnh thc ny. 1.2. Qung co qua email v tin nhn Cng vi s pht trin nhanh chng ca lng ngi s dng Internet v in thoi di ng Vit Nam, cc hnh thc qung co qua email, tin nhn di ng ang ngy cng ph bin. u im ca phng thc qung co ny l tc nhanh, chi
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ph r, kh nng tng tc cao v din pht tn rng. Tuy nhin, vic qung co qua tin nhn v th in t cng c th l nguyn nhn gy ra tnh trng th rc, xm phm n quyn ring t ca ngi tiu dng v lm gim hiu sut hot ng ca ton b h thng thng tin. Thc t ny t ra yu cu v mt khun kh php l cho hot ng qung co qua cc phng tin in t, sao cho va to iu kin doanh nghip tn dng cc u th ca knh qung co ny, va bo v quyn li chnh ng ca ngi tiu dng trong vic tip nhn qung co.
Hp I.11: Quy nh v th rc trong Lut Cng ngh thng tin Lut Cng ngh thng tin (thng qua ngy 29/6/2006) nh ngha Th rc l th in t, tin nhn c gi n ngi nhn m ngi nhn khng mong mun hoc khng c trch nhim phi tip nhn theo quy nh ca php lut, v quy nh: iu 70. Chng th rc 1. T chc, c nhn khng c che giu tn ca mnh hoc gi mo tn ca t chc, c nhn khc khi gi thng tin trn mi trng mng. 2. T chc, c nhn gi thng tin qung co trn mi trng mng phi bo m cho ngi tiu dng kh nng t chi nhn thng tin qung co. 3. T chc, c nhn khng c tip tc gi thng tin qung co trn mi trng mng n ngi tiu dng nu ngi tiu dng thng bo khng ng nhn thng tin qung co.
Ngy 13/08/2008, Ngh nh s 90/2008/N-CP ca Chnh ph v chng th rc c ban hnh c th ha cc quy nh chng th rc trong Lut Cng ngh thng tin. Vi hai mc tiu chnh l hn ch th rc ng thi to hnh lang php l cho vic qung co qua phng tin in t, Ngh nh ny dnh hn mt chng iu chnh vic gi th in t qung co v tin nhn qung co. 1.3. Khung quy nh chung v chng th rc Ngh nh s 90/2008/N-CP v chng th rc c xy dng trn hai tinh thn c bn: bo v ngi dng trc th in t, tin nhn rc (gi chung l th rc) v to hnh lang php l cho hot ng gi th in t, tin nhn qung co. Th rc theo nh ngha ca Ngh nh chng th rc l th in t, tin nhn c gi n ngi nhn m ngi nhn khng mong mun hoc khng c trch nhim phi tip nhn theo quy nh ca php lut. Ngh nh s 90/2008/N-CP a ra cc quy nh cht ch i vi hnh vi lin quan ti vic pht tn th rc v trch nhim ca nh cung cp dch v truy nhp Internet (trc y gi l ISP), nh cung cp dch v th in t, nh cung cp dch v tin nhn (cc doanh nghip vin thng) i vi hot ng phng chng, ngn chn th rc. Ngh nh phn bit hai loi th rc: 1) Th in t v tin nhn vi mc ch la o, quy ri hoc pht tn virus my tnh, phn mm gy hi; 2) Th in t qung co, tin nhn qung co vi phm cc nguyn tc gi th in t qung co, tin nhn qung co. Nh vy, khng b xp vo th rc, th in t v tin nhn qung co phi p ng nhng yu cu rt cht ch v hnh thc, ni dung v th thc gi.
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Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2011 Hp I.12: Nguyn tc gi th in t qung co v tin nhn qung co theo quy nh ti Ngh nh s 90/2008/N-CP
Yu cu i vi th in t qung co 1. Ch phi ph hp vi ni dung v ni dung qung co phi tun th theo ng cc quy nh ca php lut v qung co. 2. Th in t qung co phi c gn nhn. 3. C thng tin v ngi qung co. 4. Trng hp s dng dch v qung co phi c thm thng tin v nh cung cp dch v qung co. 5. C chc nng t chi. Yu cu i vi tin nhn qung co 1. Tin nhn qung co phi c gn nhn. 2. Trng hp s dng dch v qung co phi c thm thng tin v nh cung cp dch v qung co. 3. C chc nng t chi. Nguyn tc gi th in t, tin nhn qung co: 1. T chc, c nhn ngoi tr nh cung cp dch v qung co ch c php gi th in t qung co, tin nhn qung co khi c s ng trc ca ngi nhn. 2. Nh cung cp dch v qung co ch c php gi th in t qung co, tin nhn qung co cho n khi ngi nhn t chi vic tip tc nhn th in t qung co, tin nhn qung co. 3. Trong vng 24 gi, k t khi nhn c yu cu t chi, ngi qung co hoc nh cung cp dch v qung co phi chm dt vic gi n ngi nhn cc th in t qung co hay tin nhn qung co b ngi nhn t chi trc tr trng hp bt kh khng. Nguyn tc gi th in t, tin nhn qung co ca nh cung cp dch v: 1. Nh cung cp dch v qung co ch c php gi th in t, tin nhn qung co t h thng c cc thng tin k thut ng k vi B Thng tin v Truyn thng. 2. Nh cung cp dch v qung co bng th in t khng c php gi qu 5 th in t qung co ti mt a ch th in t trong vng 24 gi tr trng hp c tho thun khc vi ngi nhn. 3. Nh cung cp dch v qung co bng tin nhn khng c php gi qu 5 tin nhn qung co ti mt s in thoi trong vng 24 gi v ch c php gi trong khong thi gian t 7gi n 22 gi mi ngy tr trng hp c tho thun khc vi ngi nhn.
Hin B Thng tin v Truyn thng ang d tho v chun b ban hnh vo u nm 2012 Thng t sa i, b sung mt s diu ca Thng t 90/2008/N-CP . Trong thay i ln nht l vic chuyn sang p dng thng nht mt nguyn tc gi qung co cho c 2 i tng: ngi qung co v nh cung cp dch v qung co. Theo quy nh mi, mi i tng gi qung co khng phn bit nh cung cp dch v qung co hay cc t chc, c nhn t qung co cho mnh khi gi th in t v tin nhn qung co u phi tun th cc nguyn tc sau: - Ch c php gi qung co khi c s ng trc mt cch r rng ca ngi nhn. - Chm dt vic gi qung co ngay sau khi nhn c yu cu t chi ca ngi nhn. - Khng c php gi qu 01 th in t qung co c cng ni dung ti mt a ch th in t trong vng 24 gi tr trng hp c tha thun khc vi ngi nhn.
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- Khng c php gi qu 01 tin nhn qung co c cng ni dung ti mt s in thoi trong vng 24 gi v ch c php gi trong khong thi gian t 7 gi n 23 gi mi ngy tr trng hp c tha thun khc vi ngi nhn. Theo iu tra hng nm ca B Cng Thng t nm 2005 n nay, vn an ninh an ton thng tin c nhn trong giao dch TMT ngy cng c cng ng quan tm. Vi tnh trng thu thp s dng bt hp php a ch s v pht tn th rc din ra trn lan nh hin nay, th thc ca doanh nghip trong vic tun th cc quy nh php lut v qung co, thc hin gi th in t v tin nhn qung co ph hp vi nhu cu ca ngi nhn chnh l mu cht phng thc qung co ny mang li hiu qu nh mong mun. 2. Xy dng website Hin nay, vic xy dng website ring ca doanh nghip hoc tham gia giao dch trn cc sn TMT ang l hnh thc ng dng TMT ph bin nht ti Vit Nam. Kt qu kho st ca B Cng Thng nm 2011 cho thy hn 30% doanh nghip c website vi cc tnh nng TMT t n gin n phc tp. Sau y l mt s vn doanh nghip cn lu trong qu trnh xy dng v pht trin cc ng dng TMT trn website ca mnh. 2.1. ng k hoc xin cp php website Theo quy nh ti iu 19, Ngh nh s 97/2008/N-CP v qun l, cung cp, s dng dch v Internet v thng tin in t trn Internet, ngoi mt s loi hnh website mang tnh c th nh trang thng tin in t tng hp hoc mng x hi trc tuyn, cc t chc, doanh nghip thit lp website vi ni dung gii thiu v bn sn phm hng ha, dch v th khng cn ng k hay xin cp php website.
Hp I.13: Nguyn tc chung v thit lp website theo quy nh ti Ngh nh s 97/2008/N-CP iu 19. Nguyn tc qun l, cung cp v s dng thng tin in t 1. Vic thit lp trang thng tin in t, vic cung cp, truyn a, lu tr, s dng thng tin in t trn Internet phi tun th cc quy nh ca php lut v cng ngh thng tin, php lut v s hu tr tu, php lut v bo ch, php lut v xut bn, php lut v bo v b mt nh nc, php lut v bn quyn, php lut v qung co v cc quy nh qun l thng tin in t trn Internet. 3. Cc t chc, doanh nghip thit lp trang thng tin in t tng hp phi c giy php do B Thng tin v Truyn thng cp. 4. Cc doanh nghip thit lp trang thng tin in t cung cp dch v mng x hi trc tuyn phi ng k vi B Thng tin v Truyn thng. 5. Cc t chc, doanh nghip thit lp trang thng tin in t v s dng Internet cung cp dch v ng dng chuyn ngnh trn Internet thc hin theo cc quy nh ca php lut chuyn ngnh v cc quy nh lin quan ti Ngh nh ny. 6. T chc, doanh nghip, c nhn thit lp cc trang thng tin in t khng thuc cc i tng quy nh ti cc khon 2, 3, 4, 5 iu ny th khng cn giy php v khng cn ng k, nhng phi tun theo cc quy nh ti Ngh nh ny v cc quy nh v qun l thng tin in t trn Internet
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Tuy nhin, cng ging nh vic m ca hng kinh doanh trong mi trng thng mi truyn thng, thng nhn m ca hng o trn mng phi tun th cc quy nh php lut v kinh doanh v thc hin ngha v thu vi nh nc. Do , theo quy nh ti Thng t s 46/2010/TT-BCT ca B Cng Thng ban hnh ngy 21/12/2010, ch nhng thng nhn ng k kinh doanh mi c thit lp website TMT tin hnh hot ng thng mi mt cch c lp, thng xuyn theo quy nh ca Lut Thng mi. Ngoi ra, Thng t 46/2010/TT-BCT cng quy nh cc doanh nghip thit lp website cung cp dch v sn giao dch TMT phi ng k vi B Cng Thng. Nh vy, cc c nhn, t chc khi thit lp website TMT cn lu mt s im sau: - Phi l thng nhn (t chc kinh t c thnh lp hp php hoc c nhn hot ng thng mi mt cch c lp, thng xuyn v c ng k kinh doanh). - Nu bn cnh tnh nng giao dch TMT, website c cung cp thng tin tng hp v chnh tr, kinh t, vn ha, x hi trn c s trch dn li thng tin t cc ngun chnh thc khc, th phi c giy php Trang thng tin in t tng hp do B Thng tin v Truyn thng cp. - Nu bn cnh tnh nng giao dch TMT, website cung cp cho cng ng rng ri ngi s dng kh nng tng tc, chia s, lu tr v trao i thng tin vi nhau, bao gm dch v to blog, din n (forum), tr chuyn trc tuyn (chat) v cc hnh thc tng t khc, th phi ng k dch v Mng x hi trc tuyn vi B Thng tin v Truyn thng.1 - Nu website cho php cc c nhn, t chc, doanh nghip khc ngoi ch website c th trc tip cung cp thng tin bn sn phm hng ha, dch v hoc tin hnh giao dch vi ngi mua, th phi ng k dch v Sn giao dch TMT vi B Cng Thng.2 Th tc ng k dch v Sn giao dch TMT c quy nh chi tit ti Thng t s 46/2010/TT-BCT ngy 31/12/2011 v hin l mt trong ba dch v cng trc tuyn cp 4 (cp cao nht) do B Cng Thng cung cp. Doanh nghip c th tm hiu thng tin v trnh t, cch thc tin hnh th tc ny ti a ch www.dangkywebsite.gov.vn.
1 Th tc xin cp php Trang thng tin in t tng hp v th tc ng k dch v Mng x hi trc tuyn c quy nh chi tit ti Thng t s 14/2010/TT-BTTT ngy 29/6/2010. 2 Theo nh ngha ti Thng t 46/2010/TT-BCT:sn giao dch thng mi in t l website thng mi in t cho php cc thng nhn, t chc, c nhn khng phi ch s hu hoc ngi qun l website c th tin hnh bn hng ha hoc cung ng dch v trn .
Chng I Mi trng php l Hnh I.3: Giao din trang ch h thng ng k website www.dangkywebsite.gov.vn
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2.2. ng k v gii quyt tranh chp tn min Tn min gn vi website ang ngy cng tr thnh yu t khng th tch ri ca thng hiu v hnh nh doanh nghip. Do vy, khi xy dng website, doanh nghip cn lu tm v ng k mt tn min ph hp, th hin tt nht thng hiu cng nh sn phm ca mnh. Hin nay, vic ng k v s dng tn min c iu chnh ti 2 lut khc nhau l Lut Cng ngh thng tin nm 2006 v Lut Vin thng nm 2009. Theo cc vn bn ny, tn min .vn l ti nguyn quc gia, c cp pht theo nguyn tc ai ng k trc, c quyn s dng trc vi iu kin khng xm phm cc quyn, li ch hp php ca t chc, c nhn khc c trc ngy ng k.Lut Vin thng nm 2009 cng cho php chuyn nhng tn min Internet, ng thi m ng cho vic phn b nhng ti nguyn Internet c gi tr thng mi cao thng qua hnh thc u gi.
Hp I.14: Mt s quy nh v tn min Internet trong Lut Cng ngh thng tin 2006 v Lut Vin thng 2009 Lut Vin thng nm 2009 iu 48. Phn b, s dng, hon tr kho s vin thng, ti nguyn Internet 2. Vic phn b ti nguyn Internet c thc hin theo cc phng thc sau y: a) u gi, thi tuyn quyn s dng ti nguyn Internet c gi tr thng mi cao, c nhu cu s dng vt qu kh nng phn b; b) Trc tip theo quy hoch trn c s t chc, c nhn ng k trc c xt cp trc hoc c quyn s dng trc, tr trng hp quy nh ti im a khon ny; iu 49. Chuyn nhng kho s vin thng, ti nguyn Internet 1. Ti nguyn Internet c chuyn nhng bao gm: a) Ti nguyn Internet c B Thng tin v Truyn thng phn b cho t chc, c nhn thng qua u gi; b) Tn min Internet, tr cc tn min .vn dnh cho c quan ng, Nh nc v cc t chc khc theo quy nh ca B Thng tin v Truyn thng.
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Lut Cng ngh thng tin nm 2006 iu 68. Bo v tn min quc gia Vit Nam .vn 3. T chc, c nhn ng k s dng tn min quc gia Vit Nam .vn phi chu trch nhim trc php lut v mc ch s dng v tnh chnh xc ca cc thng tin ng k v bo m vic ng k, s dng tn min quc gia Vit Nam .vn khng xm phm cc quyn, li ch hp php ca t chc, c nhn khc c trc ngy ng k. iu 76. Hnh thc gii quyt tranh chp v ng k, s dng tn min quc gia Vit Nam .vn Tranh chp v ng k, s dng tn min quc gia Vit Nam .vn c gii quyt theo cc hnh thc sau y: 1. Thng qua thng lng, ha gii; 2. Thng qua trng ti; 3. Khi kin ti Ta n.
Mt iu doanh nghip cn lu l tn min .vn khng nm trong i tng iu chnh ca Lut S hu tr tu. Vic mt nhn hiu hng ha, tn thng mi c ng k bo h theo Lut s hu tr tu khng c ngha l ch s hu nhn hiu, tn thng mi c nghim nhin m bo mt tn min tng ng trn Internet nu cha ng k trc. Do , bo v thng hiu ca mnh trong hot ng kinh doanh, doanh nghip cn ch trng tin hnh song song vic ng k quyn s hu tr tu ngoi i cng nh ng k cc tn min tng ng trn mi trng Internet.
Hp I.15: Tn min .vn khng phi l i tng s hu tr tu Thng t 09/2008/TT-BTTTT hng dn v qun l v s dng ti nguyn Internet 2. Nguyn tc ng k, s dng tn min quc gia Vit Nam .vn 2.1. Nguyn tc chung: b) ng k ti cc Nh ng k tn min .vn theo nguyn tc bnh ng, khng phn bit. T chc, c nhn ng k trc c quyn s dng trc. c) Tn min quc gia Vit Nam .vn khng nm trong i tng iu chnh ca Lut S hu tr tu. Dy k t hoc k t l nhn hiu hng ha, tn thng hiu, tn sn phm, tn dch v, bn quyn tc gi, tc phm nm trong cu trc tn min nu ch ng k bo v trn mng s khng c bo v trn thc t v ngc li, nhn hiu hng ha, tn thng hiu, tn sn phm, tn dch v, bn quyn tc gi, tc phm nu ch ng k bo h trn thc t cng s khng c bo v trn mng nu khng ng k chng trong tn min.
Vi s pht trin nhanh ca s lng website TMT trong 5 nm qua, cc v vic tranh chp tn min, c bit l tn min lin quan n nhn hiu v tn thng mi cng tng nhanh c v s lng ln phc tp. Thng 12/2008, B Thng tin v Truyn thng ban hnh Thng t s 10/2008/ TT-BTTTT Quy nh v gii quyt tranh chp tn min quc gia Vit Nam .vn.
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c xy dng da trn Chnh sch gii quyt tranh chp tn min thng nht ca T chc tn min quc t - ICANN, Thng t ny a ra nhng nguyn tc chung nht cc t chc trng ti v ta n tham kho khi phn x tranh chp dn s hoc thng mi pht sinh trong qu trnh s dng tn min .vn.
Hp I.16: Cc iu kin khi kin tranh chp tn min theo quy nh ti Thng t s 10/2008/TT-BTTTT khi kin tranh chp tn min, ngi khiu kin phi m bo ba iu kin sau: iu kin 1: Tn min tranh chp trng hoc ging n mc nhm ln vi tn ca Ngi khiu kin; nhn hiu thng mi hay nhn hiu dch v m Ngi khiu kin l ngi c quyn hoc li ch hp php. iu kin 2: Ngi b khiu kin khng c quyn hoc li ch hp php lin quan n tn min . Ngi b khiu kin c coi l c quyn v li ch hp php lin quan n tn min khi p ng mt trong nhng iu kin sau: - s dng hoc ang chun b s dng tn min hoc tn tng ng vi tn min lin quan n vic cung cp sn phm, hng ha hoc dch v mt cch thc s trc khi c tranh chp; - c cng chng bit n bi tn min cho d khng c quyn nhn hiu thng mi, nhn hiu dch v; - ang s dng tn min mt cch hp php khng lin quan ti thng mi hoc s dng tn min mt cch chnh ng, khng v mc ch thng mi hoc lm cho cng chng hiu sai hoc nhm ln, nh hng ti tn, nhn hiu thng mi, nhn hiu dch v ca Ngi khiu kin. iu kin 3: Tn min c Ngi b khiu kin s dng vi xu i vi Ngi khiu kin, tc l nhm thc hin mt trong cc hnh vi sau: - Cho thu hay chuyn giao tn min cho Ngi khiu kin l ngi ch ca tn, nhn hiu thng mi, nhn hiu dch v trng hoc ging n mc gy nhm ln vi tn min ; Cho thu hay chuyn giao cho i th cnh tranh ca Ngi khiu kin v li ch ring hoc kim li bt chnh; - Chim dng, ngn khng cho ngi ch ca tn, nhn hiu thng mi, nhn hiu dch v ng k tn min tng ng vi tn, nhn hiu thng mi hay nhn hiu dch v ; - Hy hoi danh ting ca Ngi khiu kin, cn tr hot ng kinh doanh ca Ngi khiu kin hoc gy s nhm ln, gy mt lng tin cho cng chng i vi tn, nhn hiu thng mi, nhn hiu dch v ca Ngi khiu kin; hoc - Cc trng hp khc chng minh c vic s dng tn min vi xu.
Theo s la chn ca cc bn, vic gii quyt tranh chp tn min c thc hin thng qua mt trong cc hnh thc sau: 1) thng lng, ha gii, 2) trng ti, 3) khi kin ti ta n. Cn c vo Bin bn ha gii thnh ca cc bn, Quyt nh c hiu lc ca trng ti hoc Bn n, quyt nh c hiu lc php lut ca ta n, nh ng k tn min .vn v VNNIC s thu hi tn min u tin Ngi khiu kin ng k s dng, hoc gi nguyn hin trng ca tn min. Trong qu trnh gii quyt tranh chp, tn min ang c tranh chp phi c gi nguyn hin trng, khng c php tr li, thu hi, chuyn i Nh ng k tn min .vn hay chuyn i t chc, c nhn mi.
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3. Cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t B lut dn s l vn bn c tnh nn tng iu chnh cc giao dch dn s - thng mi trong x hi, ng thi cng l vn bn quy nh chi tit nht v cc nguyn tc giao kt hp ng dn s vi hn mt phn (Phn 3) v 350 iu (t iu 280 n iu 630) v mi vn lin quan n mt quy trnh giao kt hp ng, ngha v cc bn, nhng loi hp ng thng dng, v.v... Do , vic giao kt hp ng bng phng tin in t ni chung v qua website TMT ni ring trc tin phi tun th nhng nguyn tc ny ca B lut dn s. Ngoi ra, Ngh nh s 57/2006/ N-CP v TMT ban hnh ngy 9/6/2006 cng lm r nhng yu t mang tnh in t c th pht sinh trong qu trnh giao kt hp ng s dng phng tin in t, c th nh sau: - Gi tr php l ca chng t in t - Gi tr php l ca ch k in t - Thi im, a im gi v nhn chng t in t - Phn bit gia thng bo ngh giao kt hp ng v ngh giao kt hp ng trong mt trng hp c th - Gi tr php l ca hp ng c giao kt t s tng tc gia mt h thng thng tin t ng v mt c nhn, hoc gia cc h thng thng tin t ng vi nhau - Ngha v cung cp iu khon hp ng ca bn ngh giao kt hp ng - Nguyn tc x l li nhp thng tin trong chng t in t Vic giao kt hp ng trn cc website TMT hin nay din ra ch yu gia bn bn hng ha v dch v l doanh nghip vi bn mua l ngi tiu dng. Do , bn cnh vic tun th B lut dn s v nhng nguyn tc chung trong giao kt hp ng v tun th Ngh nh TMT v cc yu t in t trong quy trnh giao kt, th doanh nghip cn phi lu cc quy nh ca Lut Bo v quyn li ngi tiu dng khi xy dng cc iu khon hp ng vi ngi mua trn website TMT.
iu 14. Hp ng giao kt vi ngi tiu dng 1. Hnh thc hpng giao kt vi ngi tiu dng c thc hin theo quy nh ca php lut vdn s. 2. Trng hp giao kt hp ng vi ngi tiu dng bng vn bn th ngn ng ca hp ng phic th hin r rng, d hiu. Ngn ng s dng trong hp ng giao kt vi ngi tiu dng l ting Vit, tr trng hp cc bn c tha thun khc hoc php lut c quy nh khc. 3. Trng hp giao kt hp ng bng phng tin in t th t chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v phi to iu kin ngi tiu dng xem xt ton b hp ng trc khi giao kt. iu 15. Gii thch hp ng giao kt vi ngi tiu dng Trong trng hp hiu khc nhau v ni dung hp ng th t chc, c nhn c thm quyn gii quyt tranh chp gii thch theo hng c li cho ngi tiu dng.
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3.1. S dng iu kin giao dch chung khi giao kt hp ng trn website Trong qu trnh giao kt hp ng qua website TMT, thng thng bn bn cng ng thi l ch website xy dng sn cc iu khon hp ng v cng b trn website. Ngi mua phi chp nhn ton b nhng iu khon kh tin hnh giao kt hp ng. bo v ngi mua trong tnh hung bt li hn ny, Lut bo v quyn li ngi tiu dng nm 2010 quy nh kh chi tit nhng trng hp m iu kin giao dch chung hay iu khon hp ng do ngi bn a ra s b ph nhn hiu lc. Do doanh nghip ch website cn lu khng vi phm nhng quy nh ny trong qu trnh xy dng cc iu khon hp ng vi ngi tiu dng trn website ca mnh.
Hp I.17: Cc trng hp iu kin giao dch chung v iu khon hp ng giao kt vi ngi tiu dng khng c hiu lc iu 16. iu khon ca hp ng giao kt vi ngi tiu dng, iu kin giao dch chung khng c hiu lc 1. iu khon ca hp ng giao kt vi ngi tiu dng, iu kin giao dch chung khng c hiu lc trong cc trng hp sau y: a) Loi tr trch nhim ca t chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v i vi ngi tiu dng theo quy nh ca php lut; b) Hn ch, loi tr quyn khiu ni, khi kin ca ngi tiu dng; c) Cho php t chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v n phng thay i iu kin ca hp ng tha thun trc vi ngi tiu dng hoc quy tc, quy nh bn hng, cung ng dch v p dng i vi ngi tiu dng khi mua, s dng hng ha, dch v khng c th hin c th trong hp ng; d) Cho php t chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v n phng xc nh ngi tiu dng khng thc hin mt hoc mt s ngha v; ) Cho php t chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v quy nh hoc thay i gi ti thi im giao hng ha, cung ng dch v; e) Cho php t chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v gii thch hp ng trong trng hp iu khon ca hp ng c hiu khc nhau; g) Loi tr trch nhim ca t chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v trong trng hp tchc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v bn hng ha, cung ng dch v thng qua bn th ba; h) Bt buc ngi tiu dng phi tun th cc ngha v ngay c khi t chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v khng hon thnh ngha v ca mnh; i) Cho php t chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v chuyn giao quyn, ngha v cho bn th ba m khng c ngi tiu dng ng .
Lut Bo v quyn li ngi tiu dng cng quy nh ngha v ca bn bn khi s dng hp ng theo mu v iu kin giao dch chung. Trong , bn cnh nhng ngha v chung nh thng bo cng khai iu kin giao dch chung trc khi giao dch vi ngi tiu dng, ng k mu hp ng trong trng hp kinh doanh hng ha, dch v thuc danh mc hng ha, dch v thit yu th khi giao kt hp ng bng phng tin in t, ngi bn cn c trch nhim to iu kin
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cho ngi tiu dng truy nhp, ti, lu gi v in cc ha n, chng t, ti liu lin quan n giao dch theo quy nh php lut hoc theo yu cu ca ngi tiu dng.
Hp I.18: Cc quy nh doanh nghip phi tun th khi s dng hp ng theo mu iu 17. Thc hin hp ng theo mu 1. Khi giao kt hpng theo mu, t chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v phi dnh thi gian hp l ngi tiu dng nghin cu hp ng. 2. T chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v phi lu gi hp ng theo mu giao kt cho n khi hp ng ht hiu lc. iu 18. Thc hin iu kin giao dch chung 1. T chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v s dng iu kin giao dch chung c trch nhim thng bo cng khai iu kin giao dch chung trc khi giao dch vi ngi tiu dng. 2. iu kin giao dch chung phi xc nh r thi im p dng v phi c nim yt ni thun li ti a im giao dch ngi tiu dng c th nhn thy. iu 19. Kim sot hp ng theo mu, iu kin giao dch chung 1. T chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v thuc Danh mc hng ha, dch v thit yu do Th tng Chnh ph ban hnh phi ng k hp ng theo mu, iu kin giao dch chung vi c quan qun l nh nc c thm quyn v bo v quyn li ngi tiu dng. 2. C quan qun l nh nc c thm quyn v bo v quyn li ngi tiu dng t mnh hoc theo ngh ca ngi tiu dng, yu cu t chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v hy b hoc sa i hp ng theo mu, iu kin giao dch chung trong trng hp pht hin hp ng theo mu, iu kin giao dch chung vi phm quyn li ca ngi tiu dng. iu 20. Trch nhim cung cp bng chng giao dch 1. T chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v c trch nhim cung cp cho ngi tiu dng han hoc chng t, ti liu lin quan n giao dch theo quy nh ca php lut hoc theo yu cu ca ngi tiu dng. 2. Trng hp giao dch bng phng tin in t th t chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v c trch nhim to iu kin cho ngi tiu dng truy nhp, ti, lu gi v in ha n, chng t, ti liu quy nh ti khon 1 iu ny.
3.2. Quy trnh giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t Ngoi nhng quy nh nu trn trong Lut bo v ngi tiu dng, doanh nghip xy dng website TMT cn phi c bit lu n Thng t s 09/2008/TT-BCT ca B Cng Thng ban hnh ngy 21/7/2008 hng dn v cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website TMT. Thng t ny quy nh v mt quy trnh giao kt hp ng tiu biu trn website TMT, qua gip phn nh phm vi trch nhim ca mi bn trong cc giao dch ny, ng thi gim bt s bt bnh ng gia khch hng vi thng nhn trong qu trnh giao kt hp ng. Do c th ca mi trng Internet, quy trnh giao kt hp ng trn cc website TMT thng tun theo nhng trnh t v iu kin rt khc bit so vi giao dch truyn thng. mt giao dch truyn thng, bn ngh giao kt l bn a ra cc iu khon ca hp ng. Cn trn website TMT, khch hng l ngi ngh giao kt hp ng nhng thng nhn mi l ngi quyt nh cc iu khon hp ng. Ngoi ra, ngi tiu dng khi tham gia giao dch cng thng b hn ch
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trong vic tip cn thng tin do nhng tiu ch v sn phm, iu kin giao dch c cung cp phn tn nhiu ni trn website, thng tin cng c th khng y hoc c cung cp di nhng hnh thc gy nhm ln (v d nh c ng dn kt ni ti website ca mt cng ty danh ting lm ngi tiu dng lm tng sn phm mnh mua l ca cng ty , v.v). Thng t s 09/2008/TT-BCT c ban hnh nhm gii quyt nhng vn ni trn v nng cao tnh minh bch ca quy trnh giao dch trn cc website TMT.
Hp I.19: Quy nh v quy trnh giao kt hp ng trn website TMT 4. Thng bo v ngh giao kt hp ng ca thng nhn Nu mt website thng mi in t c chc nng t hng trc tuyn cho tng hng ha hoc dch v c th c gii thiu trn website , th cc thng tin gii thiu v hng ha, dch v v cc iu khon lin quan c xem l thng bo v ngh giao kt hp ng ca thng nhn s hu hng ha hoc dch v . 5. ngh giao kt hp ng ca khch hng Chng t in t do khch hng khi to v gi i bng cch s dng chc nng t hng trc tuyn c xem l ngh giao kt hp ng ca khch hng i vi hng ha hoc dch v gn km chc nng t hng trc tuyn . 6. Tr li ngh giao kt hp ng ca khch hng a) Khi tr li chp nhn ngh giao kt hp ng, thng nhn phi cung cp cho khch hng nhng thng tin sau: - Danh sch ton b hng ha hoc dch v khch hng t mua, s lng, gi ca tng sn phm v tng gi tr hp ng; - Thi hn giao hng hoc cung ng dch v; - Thng tin lin h khch hng c th hi v tnh trng thc hin hp ng khi cn thit. b) Tr li khng chp nhn ngh giao kt hp ng phi nu r l do. c) Tr li ngh giao kt hp ng phi c thc hin di hnh thc ph hp thng tin c th lu tr, in n c ti h thng thng tin ca khch hng v hin th c v sau. 7. Chm dt ngh giao kt hp ng a) Trng hp website c cng b thi hn tr li ngh giao kt hp ng, nu ht thi hn ny m khch hng vn cha nhn c tr li ca thng nhn th ngh giao kt hp ng ca khch hng chm dt hiu lc. Vic tr li chp nhn sau thi hn ny hnh thnh mt ngh giao kt hp ng khc t pha thng nhn. b) Trong trng hp website khng cng b r thi hn tr li ngh giao kt hp ng, nu trong vng 08 (tm) gi lm vic k t khi gi ngh giao kt hp ng, khch hng vn cha nhn c tr li ngh giao kt hp ng th ngh giao kt hp ng ca khch hng c xem l chm dt hiu lc. 8. Thi im giao kt hp ng khi s dng chc nng t hng trc tuyn trn website thng mi in t Thi im giao kt hp ng l thi im khch hng nhn c tr li ca thng nhn chp nhn ngh giao kt hp ng theo quy nh ti im a khon 6 Thng t ny.
Thng t 09/2008/TT-BCT cng tha nhn v mt nguyn tc gi tr php l ca hp ng giao kt gia khch hng vi h thng thng tin t ng ca ngi bn bng quy nh ti Khon 9: Hp ng c giao kt t s tng tc gia khch hng v
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chc nng t hng trc tuyn trn website TMT khng b ph nhn gi tr php l ch v khng c s kim tra hay can thip trc tip ca thng nhn vo tng bc ca qu trnh giao kt hp ng. bo v quyn li ca ngi tiu dng trong qu trnh giao kt hp ng trn website TMT, Thng t quy nh kh chi tit v ngha v ca ngi bn trong vic cung cp y cc iu khon ca hp ng trc thi im giao kt hp ng, cng nh ngha v cung cp c ch khch hng c th r sot v xc nhn cc ni dung ca hp ng trc khi n nt giao kt.
Hp I.20: Quy nh v bo v ngi tiu dng trong giao kt hp ng trn website TMT 10. Cung cp cc iu khon ca hp ng khi s dng chc nng t hng trc tuyn trn website thng mi in t Website thng mi in t c chc nng t hng trc tuyn phi cung cp cho khch hng thng tin v cc iu khon ca hp ng nh quy nh ti mc III Thng t ny trc thi im khch hng gi ngh giao kt hp ng. 18. C ch r sot v xc nhn ni dung hp ng Website phi c c ch cho php khch hng r sot, b sung, sa i v xc nhn ni dung giao dch trc khi s dng chc nng t hng trc tuyn gi ngh giao kt hp ng. C ch r sot v xc nhn ny phi tha mn cc iu kin sau: a) Hin th cho khch hng nhng thng tin c bn lin quan n giao dch, bao gm: - Tn hng ha hoc dch v, s lng v chng loi, phng thc v thi hn giao hng hoc cung ng dch v; - Tng gi tr ca hp ng v cc chi tit lin quan n phng thc thanh ton c khch hng la chn; Nhng thng tin ny phi p ng kh nng lu tr, in n c trn h thng thng tin ca khch hng v hin th c v sau. b) Cho php khch hng sau khi r sot nhng thng tin ti im a c la chn hy giao dch hoc xc nhn vic ngh giao kt hp ng.
Bn cnh nhng iu khon v quy trnh giao kt hp ng, Thng t cn quy nh c th vic cung cp thng tin trn cc website TMT nhm bo v quyn li ca khch hng trong qu trnh giao dch. Theo , thng nhn phi cng b nhng thng tin ti thiu sau trn website: tn, a ch giao dch, a ch th in t, s in thoi, s ng k kinh doanh. Ngoi ra, thng nhn phi cung cp y v r rng nhng thng tin lin quan n cc iu khon giao dch trn website: m t hng ho/dch v, thng tin v gi c, thng tin v vn chuyn v giao nhn, thng tin v cc phng thc thanh ton, cng nh cc iu khon giao dch khc. 4. Bo v thng tin c nhn v bo v quyn li ngi tiu dng trong thng mi in t Vn bo v quyn li ngi tiu dng ang ngy cng c quan tm v vic Quc hi ln u tin thng qua Lut bo v ngi tiu dng vo cui nm 2010
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phn nh tm quan trng ngy cng tng ca vn ny trong h thng php lut kinh t - dn s Vit Nam. Nhn thc ca x hi v quyn li ngi tiu dng gia tng, cng vi s pht trin nhanh ca cc ng dng TMT B2C v C2C, khin nhng v vic lin quan n quyn li ngi tiu dng trong giao dch trn mi trng mng thi gian qua thu ht s ch rng ri ca d lun. Quyn li ngi tiu dng trong TMT c th b tc ng bi 2 nhm yu t: th nht l nhng yu t ca mi trng thng mi truyn thng nh thng tin, cht lng hng ha, dch v, v.v; th hai l nhng yu t c th ca mi trng in t nh bo v thng tin c nhn, ngn chn qung co khng mong mun (th rc), vn an ninh an ton trong giao dch, v.v Do vy, cc quy nh php lut v bo v ngi tiu dng trong TMT thi gian qua c xy dng da trn cc nguyn tc c bn nh sau: - Giao dch TMT phi tun th cc quy nh php lut chung v bo v ngi tiu dng. Nhng tranh chp v cht lng hng ha, qung co khng ng s tht, thng tin sai lch s c x l nh trong cc giao dch truyn thng. - Mc bo v ca php lut i vi ngi tiu dng trong giao dch TMT cng tng ng nh trong mi trng truyn thng. Ngi bn trong mi trng in t khng phi tun th nhng quy nh kht khe hn hay c hng u i hn so vi ngi bn trong mi trng truyn thng. - H thng php lut TMT ch iu chnh nhng kha cnh c th ca giao dch in t lin quan n vn bo v ngi tiu dng. Vi tinh thn trn, cc vn bn lin quan n vn bo v ngi tiu dng trong TMT thi gian qua ch yu tp trung vo 2 kha cnh c th l bo v thng tin c nhn ca ngi tiu dng v bo v quyn li ngi tiu dng trong qu trnh giao kt hp ng trn website TMT. Bo v thng tin c nhn ca ngi tiu dng bao gm vn qun l v s dng thng tin c nhn trong TMT, chng th rc v qun l th qung co thng mi, x l ti phm v thng tin c nhn. Cn bo v ngi tiu dng trong qu trnh giao kt hp ng trn website TMT ch yu c gii quyt thng qua cc quy nh v ngha v cung cp thng tin v quy trnh giao kt hp ng trn mi trng in t, nhm thu hp khong cch v bt bnh ng thng tin i vi ngi tiu dng v nng cao tnh minh bch ca mi trng TMT. 4.1. Qun l v s dng thng tin c nhn ca khch hng trong TMT Do c th ca giao dch TMT l c thc hin hon ton trn mi trng mng, cc i tc thc hin giao dch mua bn, thanh ton, nhn hng m khng cn phi gp mt trc tip, nn nhu cu v thng tin c nhn l rt ln, bao gm c nhng thng tin ring t nht ca khch hng. Bn cnh , nhiu cng ngh hin i nh cookie, phn mm gin ip, nh v ton cu v cc c s d liu s ha cng cho php cc doanh nghip chuyn kinh doanh trn Internet c th d dng thu thp v x l thng tin c nhn phc v cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau. Cc t chc
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qung co trc tuyn cng lun y mnh hot ng thu thp, thit lp, thm ch kinh doanh cc h s thng tin v ngi tiu dng. Thng tin c nhn v ang tr thnh th hng ha c gi tr i vi doanh nghip. Ngi tiu dng kh c th hnh dung ht c nhng nguy c thng tin c nhn ca mnh b khai thc bt hp php khi tham gia giao dch, mua bn trn mi trng mng. Mc d Vit Nam vn cha c mt vn bn iu chnh ring vn bo v thng tin c nhn, nhng xem xt mt cch h thng cc vn bn quy phm php lut v TMT ban hnh trong 5 nm va qua, c th thy nhng ni dung lin quan n vn ny c quy nh ngy cng r t cp lut n cc vn bn hng dn lut. c bit, c quy nh v cc hnh thc x pht, ch ti c th t x pht vi phm hnh chnh, pht tin n x l hnh s vi cc trng hp vi phm nng. - Lut Giao dch in t nm 2005 (iu 46) - Lut Cng ngh thng tin nm 2006 (iu 21, 22, 72) - Lut sa i, b sung mt s iu ca B lut hnh s nm 2009 (iu 226) - Lut Bo v quyn li ngi tiu dng nm 2010 (iu 6) - Ngh nh 63/2007/N-CP quy nh v x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc cng ngh thng tin - Ngh nh 90/2008/N-CP v chng th rc - Thng t 09/2008/N-CP hng dn Ngh nh TMT - Thng t 25/2010/TT-BTTTT quy nh v vic thu thp, s dng, chia s, m bo an ton v bo v thng tin c nhn trn trang thng tin in t hoc cng thng tin in t ca c quan nh nc Nguyn tc c bn nht trong thu thp, x l v s dng thng tin c nhn trn mi trng mng l phi c s ng trc ca ch th thng tin, v vic s dng thng tin c nhn phi ph hp vi mc ch thng trc.
Hp I.21: Cc quy nh v bo v thng tin c nhn trong Lut Cng ngh thng tin iu 21. Thu thp, x l v s dng thng tin c nhn trn mi trng mng 1. T chc, c nhn thu thp, x l v s dng thng tin c nhn ca ngi khc trn mi trng mng phi c ngi ng , tr trng hp php lut c quy nh khc. 2. T chc, c nhn thu thp, x l v s dng thng tin c nhn ca ngi khc c trch nhim sau y: a) Thng bo cho ngi bit v hnh thc, phm vi, a im v mc ch ca vic thu thp, x l v s dng thng tin c nhn ca ngi ; b) S dng ng mc ch thng tin c nhn thu thp c v ch lu tr nhng thng tin trong mt khong thi gian nht nh theo quy nh ca php lut hoc theo tho thun gia hai bn; c) Tin hnh cc bin php qun l, k thut cn thit bo m thng tin c nhn khng b mt, nh cp, tit l, thay i hoc ph hu;
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d) Tin hnh ngay cc bin php cn thit khi nhn c yu cu kim tra li, nh chnh hoc hy b theo quy nh ti khon 1iu 22 ca Lut ny; khng c cung cp hoc s dng thng tin c nhn lin quan cho n khi thng tin c nh chnh li. 3. T chc, c nhn c quyn thu thp, x l v s dng thng tin c nhn ca ngi khc m khng cn s ng ca ngi trong trng hp thng tin c nhn c s dng cho mc ch sau y: a) K kt, sa i hoc thc hin hp ng s dng thng tin, sn phm, dch v trn mi trng mng; b) Tnh gi, cc s dng thng tin, sn phm, dch v trn mi trng mng; c) Thc hin ngha v khc theo quy nh ca php lut. iu 22. Lu tr, cung cp thng tin c nhn trn mi trng mng 1. C nhn c quyn yu cu t chc, c nhn lu tr thng tin c nhn ca mnh trn mi trng mng thc hin vic kim tra, nh chnh hoc hy b thng tin . 2. T chc, c nhn khng c cung cp thng tin c nhn ca ngi khc cho bn th ba, tr trng hp php lut c quy nh khc hoc c s ng ca ngi . 3. C nhn c quyn yu cu bi thng thit hi do hnh vi vi phm trong vic cung cp thng tin c nhn. Hp I.22: Cc quy nh v bo v thng tin c nhn trong Lut bo v ngi tiu dng iu 6. Bo v thng tin ca ngi tiu dng 1. Ngi tiu dngc bo m an ton, b mt thng tin ca mnh khi tham gia giao dch, s dng hng ha, dch v, tr trng hp c quan nh nc c thm quyn yu cu. 2. Trng hp thu thp, s dng, chuyn giao thng tin ca ngi tiu dng th t chc, c nhn kinh doanh hng ha, dch v c trch nhim: a) Thng bo r rng, cng khai trc khi thc hin vi ngi tiu dng v mc ch hot ng thu thp, s dng thng tin ca ngi tiu dng; b) S dng thng tin ph hp vi mc ch thng bo vi ngi tiu dng v phi c ngi tiu dng ng ; c) Bo m an ton, chnh xc, y khi thu thp, s dng, chuyn giao thng tin ca ngi tiu dng; d) T mnh hoc c bin php ngi tiu dng cp nht, iu chnh thng tin khi pht hin thy thng tin khng chnh xc; ) Ch c chuyn giao thng tin ca ngi tiu dng cho bn th ba khi c s ng ca ngi tiu dng, tr trng hp php lut c quy nh khc
Mt trong nhng hnh thc vi phm bo v d liu c nhn rt ph bin trong thi gian qua l vic thu thp a ch th in t c nhn tri php phc v cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau, t qung co trc tuyn n bn danh sch cc a ch ny cho c nhn, t chc c nhu cu.Vi cc cng ngh hin i, hin nay vic thu thp a ch th in t tng i d dng. Vic nhiu c nhn, doanh nghip cng khai rao bn danh sch hng triu a ch th in t ang gy tc ng tiu cc ti hot ng qung co in t, gy bt li cho ngi tiu dng, lm gim st nim tin ca cng ng khi tham gia giao dch TMT. Do Ngh nh s 90/2008/N-CP v Chng th rc a cc hnh vi ny vo danh sch hnh vi nghim cm v ra
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mt s nguyn tc v thu thp, s dng a ch email ca ngi tiu dng cho mc ch qung co.
Hp I.23: Quy nh bo v d liu v a ch th in t ca c nhn trong Ngh nh chng th rc Ngh nh s 90/2008/N-CP v chng th rc: iu 6. Cc hnh vi nghim cm 4. Trao i, mua bn hoc pht tn cc phn mm thu thp a ch in t hoc quyn s dng cc phn mm thu thp a ch in t. 5. S dng cc phn mm thu thp a ch in t khi khng c php ca ngi s hu a ch in t . 6. Trao i, mua bn danh sch a ch in t hoc quyn s dng danh sch a ch in t nhm mc ch gi th rc. iu 8. Nguyn tc thu thp, s dng a ch in t cho mc ch quang co 1. Ch c thu thp a ch in t cho mc ch qung co khi c s ng ca ngi s hu a ch in t . 2. Phi nu r mc ch, phm vi s dng khi tin hnh thu thp a ch in t. 3. Phi s dng a ch th in t theo ng mc ch, phm vi c ngi s hu a ch cho php. iu 34. Vi phm cc quy nh v qun l, s dng th in t, tin nhn 5. Pht tin t 20.000.000 ng n 40.000.000 ng i vi hnh vi: a) Trao i, mua bn hoc pht tn cc phn mm thu thp a ch in t hoc quyn s dng cc phn mm thu thp a ch in t; b) S dng cc phn mm thu thp a ch in t thu thp a ch in t khi khng c php ca ngi s hu a ch ; c) Trao i, mua bn danh sch a ch in t hoc quyn s dng danh sch a ch in t nhm mc ch gi th rc.
Bn cnh cc bin php x pht hnh chnh i vi sai phm v qun l v s dng thng tin c nhn ca khch hng trong TMT, doanh nghip cng cn c bit lu n ch ti hnh s i vi nhng hnh vi vi phm nghim trng. Lut sa i, b sung mt s iu ca B lut hnh s (ban hnh ngy 19/6/2009 v bt u c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy 1/1/2010) sa i, lm r iu 226 a hnh vi s dng tri php thng tin c nhn vo nhm ti phm s dng tri php thng tin trn mng my tnh, mng vin thng, mng Internet, vi mc x l hnh s cao nht ln n 7 nm t.
Hp I.24: X l hnh s vi cc vi phm v bo v thng tin c nhn theo quy nh ca Lut sa i, b sung mt s iu ca B lut Hnh s iu 226. Ti a hoc s dng tri php thng tin trn mng my tnh, mng vin thng, mng Internet 1. Ngi thc hin mt trong cc hnh vi sau y xm phm li ch ca c quan, t chc, c nhn, xm phm trt t, an ton x hi gy hu qu nghim trng, th b pht tin t 10 triu ng n 100 triu ng, ci to khng giam gi n 3 nm hoc b pht t t 6 thng n 3 nm:
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b) Mua bn, trao i, tng cho, sa cha, thay i hoc cng khai ha nhng thng tin ring hp php ca c quan, t chc, c nhn khc trn mng my tnh, mng vin thng, mng Internet m khng c php ca ch s hu thng tin . 2. Phm ti thuc mt trong cc trng hp sau y, th b pht t t 2 n 7 nm: a) C t chc; b) Li dng quyn qun tr mng my tnh, mng vin thng, mng Internet; c) Thu li bt chnh t mt trm triu ng tr ln; d) Gy hu qu rt nghim trng hoc c bit nghim trng. 3. Ngi phm ti cn c th b pht tin t 20 triu ng n 200 triu ng, cm m nhim chc v, cm hnh ngh hoc lm cng vic nht nh t 1 n 5 nm.
4.2. Bo v ngi tiu dng trong qu trnh giao kt hp ng trn website TMT Nh trnh by phn 3 ca mc ny, khi tham gia giao kt hp ng vi thng nhn trn website TMT, ngi tiu dng thng th bt li hn trong vic tip cn thng tin v b ng hn trong vic tha thun cc iu kin hp ng. Do vy, bo v ngi tiu dng trong qu trnh giao kt hp ng, vn mu cht l phi thu hp khong cch v bt bnh ng thng tin gia doanh nghip v ngi tiu dng, nng cao tnh minh bch ca quy trnh giao dch. Vi mc tiu , B Cng Thng ban hnh Thng t s 09/2008/TT-BCT ngy 21/7/2008 hng dn vic cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website TMT. Thng t quy nh v mt quy trnh giao kt hp ng tiu biu qua website TMT nhm phn nh r phm vi trch nhim ca mi bn, ng thi quy nh c th v nhng thng tin cn c cung cp trn website nhm bo v li ch ti thiu cho khch hng l ngi tiu dng. y l vn bn quy phm php lut u tin cp chi tit n vic bo v ngi tiu dng trong cc giao dch TMT ti Vit Nam. 5. Doanh nghip cung cp dch v sn giao dch thng mi in t v cc dch v h tr khc (thanh ton, qung co qua tin nhn v th in t) 5.1. Dch v sn giao dch thng mi in t Hin nay, cc hnh thc kinh doanh qua website TMT ang pht trin mnh. Bn cnh vic nhiu doanh nghip t m website tip th v b sung thm mt knh phn phi cho hng ha, dch v ca chnh mnh, th nhiu doanh nghip li la chn hnh thctham gianhng website sn cca mt bn th ba tin hnh hot ng bn hng. Nhng website c chc nng nh mt ch o hay sn giao dch TMT ny c t chc theo nhiu m hnh kh a dng, nh website mua theo nhm, ch in t, rao vt, din n, knh mua sm trn cc mng x hi, sn bt ng sn, v.v im chung ln nht ca nhng website dng ny l cung cp mt khng gian m trn mi trng trc tuyn ngi mua v ngi bn gp g, kt ni nhu cu v tin hnh giao dch. Trong nhng giao dch , n v ch s hu website ch ng vai tr bn th ba, cung cp h tng ch khng trc tip tham gia vo cc ni dung giao dch gia ngi mua v ngi bn. Ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2010, B Cng Thng ban hnh Thng t s 46/2010/TT-BCT quy nh v qun l hot ng ca cc website TMT bn hng ha hoc cung cp
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dch v. Theo quy nh ti Thng t ny, cc thng nhn, t chc l bn th ba nh ni trn c gi chung l n v cung cp dch v sn giao dch TMT v phi tin hnh ng k vi B Cng Thng. Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin (TMT v CNTT) c B Cng Thng giao thc hin vic xc nhn ng k sn giao dch TMT.
Hp I.25: Th no l Sn giao dch thng mi in t Theo nh ngha ti Khon 2 iu 2 Thng t 46/2010/TT-BCT:sn giao dch thng mi in t l website thng mi in t cho php cc thng nhn, t chc, c nhn khng phi ch s hu hoc ngi qun l website c th tin hnh bn hng ha hoc cung ng dch v trn . Thc tin cho thy cc website cung cp dch v sn giao dch TMT c nhiu m hnh kinh doanh v cch thc t chc hot ng kh a dng. Ph bin nht hin nay l cc m hnh sau: - Sn giao dch in t c t chc theo m hnh trung tm thng mi hoc ch in t, ni cc thnh vin c m gian hng o v c quyn qun l, cp nht thng tin, hnh nh trn cc gian hng - Website cung cp dch v kinh doanh theo nhm, ni nhiu doanh nghip c th thng qua website tin hnh hot ng truyn thng, tip th v trc tip bn hng ha, dch v cho khch hng - Website rao vt, din n, ni thnh vin c th ng k ti khon v a thng tin v nhu cu mua bn dng n gin nh tin rao vt hay ch tho lun.
Mc ch ca vic ng k sn giao dch TMT l nhm h tr cc doanh nghip cung cp dch v ny hot ng theo ng quy nh ca php lut, ng thi to iu kin c quan qun l nh nc theo di v kp thi hng dn hot ng ca nhng website TMT ny. Vic xc nhn ng k cho mt sn giao dch TMT khng c ngha l xc nhn hay m bo uy tn kinh doanh v cht lng hng ha, dch v giao dch trn sn TMT .
Hp I.26: Quy trnh ng k cung cp dch v sn giao dch TMT 1. i tng ng k sn giao dch TMT Thng nhn, t chc c thnh lp v hot ng theo quy nh ca php lut Vit Nam; c ngnh ngh kinh doanh hoc chc nng, nhim v ph hp; c tn min hp l; cam kt tun th cc quy nh ti Thng t 46/2010/TT-BCT, Ngh nh s 57/2006/N-CP , Ngh nh s 97/2008/ N-CP , Thng t s 09/2008/TT-BCT ca B Cng Thng v cc quy nh php lut lin quan.
2. H s ng k sn giao dch TMT
a) n ng k cung cp dch v sn giao dch thng mi in t; b) Bn sao c chng thc Quyt nh thnh lp (i vi t chc), giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh, giy chng nhn u t hoc giy php u t (i vi thng nhn); c) Quy ch qun l hot ng ca sn giao dch thng mi in t; d) Mu hp ng dch v hoc tha thun hp tc gia thng nhn, t chc cung cp dch v sn giao dch thng mi in t vi thng nhn, t chc, c nhn tham gia bn hng ha, dch v trn sn giao dch thng mi in t .
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3. Quy trnh ng k Vic tip nhn, x l h s ng k sn giao dch TMTc B Cng Thng thc hin trc tuyn thng qua H thng ng k sn giao dch thng mi in t ti a ch www.moit.gov.vn. a) Thng nhn, t chc truy cp vo a ch www.moit.gov.vn v khai thng tin m mt ti khon trn H thng. Sau khi ti khon c kch hot, thng nhn, t chc s tin hnh ng k website cung cp dch v sn giao dch TMT theo mu n trc tuyn ti a ch ny, cc h s theo yu cu cng phi c upload v gi km n ng k mt cch hon ton trc tuyn. b) Khi nhn c h s ng k, B Cng Thng tin hnh kim tra h s v thng bo cho thng nhn, t chc gi h s trong 03 ngy lm vic mt trong cc ni dung sau: - Xc nhn h s y , hp l; - ngh b sung h s theo quy nh ti khon 2 iu 5; - T chi xc nhn ng k nu thng nhn, t chc khng p ng cc quy nh ti khon 1 iu 5. c) Sau khi nhn c thng bo xc nhn h s y v hp l, thng nhn, t chc gi h s ng k bn giy v B Cng Thng. Thng nhn, t chc c th theo di tnh trng x l h s qua th in t hoc ti khon truy cp H thng c cung cp tin hnh cp nht v chnh sa thng tin theo yu cu. 4. Xc nhn ng k Thi gian xc nhn ng k: 05 ngy lm vic k t ngy nhn c h s ng k bn giy do thng nhn, t chc gi v B Cng Thng. Ngay sau khi xc nhn ng k, sn giao dch thng mi in t s c gn ln trang ch biu tng ng k. Khi chn biu tng ny, ngi s dng c dn v phn thng tin ng k ca thng nhn, t chc cung cp dch v sn giao dch thng mi in t ti Trang thng tin in t B Cng Thng.
Bn cnh ngha v ng k vi c quan nh nc, cc doanh nghip kinh doanh loi hnh dch v ny ti thiu phi tun th nhng quy nh ti Thng t s 09/2008/ TT-BCT v Thng t s 46/2010/TT-BCT ca B Cng Thng i vi website TMT ni chung v sn giao dch TMT ni ring. Trong , nguyn tc ni bt l m bo s minh bch v r rng ca thng tin trn website. Do doanh nghip s hu website khng phi l bn trc tip cung ng hng ha, dch v cho ngi tiu dng cui cng, vic phn nh trch nhim gia ch website v cc n v, c nhn bn hng trong vic cung cp thng tin cng nh thc hin cc ngha v vi ngi mua l cc k quan trng m bo s r rng v minh bch ca mi trng giao dch. Nhng quy ch v hng dn c th v quy trnh giao dch, v phm vi trch nhim ca mi bn cn c cng b cng khai trn website cc bn tham gia giao dch bit v ngha v, quyn li ca mnh cng nh cc ri ro c th pht sinh. Bn cnh , doanh nghip vn hnh sn giao dch TMT cn c bit lu vic thm tra v xc minh thng tin thnh vin m bo
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tin cy nht nh cho cc giao dch trn sn, ng thi phc v cho hot ng gii quyt tranh chp hoc iu tra khi xy ra sai phm trn sn giao dch.
Hp I.27: Trch nhim ca n v cung cp dch v sn giao dch thng mi in t theo quy nh ti Thng t s 46/2010/TT-BCT iu 10. Trch nhim ca thng nhn, t chc cung cp dch v sn giao dch TMT 1. ng k cung cp dch v sn giao dch thng mi in t theo quy nh ti Chng II Thng t ny. 2. Xy dng v ban hnh quy ch qun l sn giao dch thng mi in t. Nhng ni dung chnh ca quy ch bao gm: nguyn tc, quy trnh giao dch, bo m an ton giao dch, bo v quyn li ngi tiu dng, qun l thng tin xu, gii hn trch nhim trong cc trng hp pht sinh li k thut ca sn giao dch. Quy ch ny phi hin th trn trang ch website v cho php ngi tham gia c th c v lu tr mt cch thun tin, hon chnh. 3. Thm tra v xc thc thng tin ng k kinh doanh (i vi thng nhn) hoc nhn thn (i vi c nhn) tham gia bn hng ha hoc cung ng dch v trn sn giao dch thng mi in t. 4. Thit lp c ch cho php thng nhn, t chc, c nhn tham gia sn giao dch thng mi in t thc hin c quy trnh giao kt hp ng theo quy nh ti Thng t 09/2008/TT-BCT v cung cp thng tin v giao kt hp ng trn website thng mi in t. 5. Lu gi thng tin ng k ca thng nhn hoc thng tin c nhn ca cc c nhn ngay t ngy thng nhn hoc c nhn ng k tham gia sn giao dch thng mi in t v thng xuyn cp nht cc thng tin thay i, b sung c lin quan. 6. p dng cc bin php cn thit m bo an ton thng tin lin quan n b mt kinh doanh ca thng nhn v thng tin c nhn. Khng c tit l, chuyn nhng, cho thu hoc bn cc thng tin lin quan n b mt kinh doanh hoc thng tin c nhn ca ngi tiu dng khi cha c s ng ca cc bn lin quan, tr trng hp php lut c quy nh khc. 7. Tch cc h tr c quan qun l nh nc iu tra cc hnh vi kinh doanh vi phm php lut; cung cp cc ti liu nh thng tin ng k, lch s d liu giao dch, ca i tng c hnh vi vi phm php lut trn sn giao dch thng mi in t. 8. Cng khai c ch gii quyt cc tranh chp pht sinh trong qu trnh giao dch trn sn giao dch thng mi in t. Khi ngi tiu dng mua hng ha hoc dch v pht sinh mu thun vi ngi bn hoc b tn hi li ch hp php, thng nhn, t chc vn hnh sn thng mi in t phi cung cp cho ngi tiu dng thng tin ng k ca ngi bn, tch cc h tr ngi tiu dng bo v quyn v li ch hp php ca bn thn. 9. Trc ngy 15 thng 01 hng nm, bo co B Cng Thng d liu thng k v tnh hnh giao dch hng ha v dch v trn sn giao dch thng mi in t ca nm trc (theo mu quy nh ti Ph lc s 02 ban hnh km theo Thng t ny).
Trong cc loi hnh sn giao dch TMT, website kinh doanh dch v mua theo nhm c nt kh c th do chuyn khai thc nhng dch v, hng ha c khuyn mi. Vi m hnh kinh doanh ny, doanh nghip s hu sn giao dch TMT cn lu tun th cc quy nh v qung co v khuyn mi, trong c bit lu n quy nh khng khuyn mi qu 50% gi tr hng ha, dch v theo Ngh nh s 37/2006/N-CP ngy 4/4/2006 v hot ng xc tin thng mi. Mc d khng phi l bn trc tip thc hin khuyn mi n ngi mua, nhng doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v mua theo nhm phi tha thun vi cc i tc cung cp hng ha, dch v tun th quy nh ny; ng thi khng c qung co nhng mc khuyn mi vt qu quy nh trn website ca mnh.
Chng I Mi trng php l Hp I.28: Mt s quy nh v khuyn mi cn tun th khi kinh doanh dch v mua theo nhm trn website TMT
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Ngh nh 37/2006/N-CP ngy 4/4/2006 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit Lut Thng mi v hot ng xc tin thng mi iu 4. Nguyn tc thc hin khuyn mi 1. Chng trnh khuyn mi phi c thc hin hp php, trung thc, cng khai, minh bch v khng c xm hi n li ch hp php ca ngi tiu dng, ca cc thng nhn, t chc hoc c nhn khc. 2. Khng c phn bit i x gia cc khch hng tham gia chng trnh khuyn mi trong cng mt chng trnh khuyn mi. 3. Thng nhn thc hin chng trnh khuyn mi phi bo m nhng iu kin thun li cho khch hng trng thng nhn gii thng v c ngha v gii quyt r rng, nhanh chng cc khiu ni lin quan n chng trnh khuyn mi (nu c). 4. Thng nhn thc hin khuyn mi c trch nhim bo m v cht lng hng ha, dch v c khuyn mi v hng ha, dch v dng dng khuyn mi. 5. Khng c li dng lng tin v s thiu hiu bit, thiu kinh nghim ca khch hng thc hin khuyn mi nhm phc v cho mc ch ring ca bt k thng nhn, t chc hoc c nhn no. 6. Vic thc hin khuyn mi khng c to ra s so snh trc tip hng ha, dch v ca mnh vi hng ha, dch v ca thng nhn, t chc hoc c nhn khc nhm mc ch cnh tranh khng lnh mnh. 7. Khng dc dng thuc cha bnh cho ngi, k c cc loi thuc c php lu thng khuyn mi. iu 5. Hn mc ti a v gi tr hng ho, dch v dng khuyn mi 1. Gi tr vt cht dng khuyn mi cho mt n v hng ha, dch v c khuyn mi khng c vt qu 50% gi ca n v hng ho, dch v c khuyn mi trc thi gian khuyn mi, tr trng hp khuyn mi bng cc hnh thc quy nh ti iu 7, iu 8, iu 11, iu 12, iu 13 Ngh nh ny. 2. Tng gi tr ca hng ho, dch v dng khuyn mi m thng nhn thc hin trong mt chng trnh khuyn mi khng c vt qu 50% tng gi tr ca hng ho, dch v c khuyn mi, tr trng hp khuyn mi bng hnh thc quy nh ti iu 7 Ngh nh ny. 3. Gi tr hng ho, dch v dng khuyn mi l chi ph m thng nhn thc hin khuyn mi phi b ra c c hng ho, dch v dng khuyn mi ti thi im khuyn mi, thuc mt trong cc trng hp sau y: a) Thng nhn thc hin khuyn mi khng trc tip sn xut, nhp khu hng ho hoc khng trc tip cung ng dch v dng khuyn mi, chi ph ny c tnh bng gi thanh ton ca thng nhn thc hin khuyn mi mua hng ho, dch v dng khuyn mi. b) Hng ho, dch v dng khuyn mi l hng ho ca thng nhn trc tip sn xut, nhp khu hoc cung ng dch v, chi ph ny c tnh bng gi thnh hoc gi nhp khu ca hng ho, dch v dng khuyn mi. iu 6. Mc gim gi ti a i vi bng ho, dch v c khuyn mi Mc gim gi ti a i vi hng ho, dch v c khuyn mi khng c vt qu 50% gi hng ho, dch v ngay trc thi gian khuyn mi.
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5.2. Cc dch v thng mi in t khc Bn cnh dch v sn giao dch TMT, hot ng TMT pht trin nhanh cn lm pht sinh nhu cu i vi nhiu dch v h tr khc nh dch v thanh ton khng dng tin mt, dch v chng thc website, dch v ch k s, dch v qung co qua tin nhn v th in t, dch v gi tr gia tng trong giao dch vi cc c quan nh nc, v nhng dch v thm ch cha c iu chnh trong h thng vn bn php lut hin hnh. y l nhng dch v i hi h tng k thut v trnh cng ngh cao, c nh hng ln n cc hot ng kinh doanh trong x hi v cn tun th nhng quy chun cht ch v an ninh, an ton giao dch. Do vy, doanh nghip trin khai cung cp nhng dch v ny cn tm hiu k tun th cht cc quy nh chuyn ngnh p dng cho tng loi dch v, c bit l nhng quy nh v ng k hoc cp php.
Bng I.4: Cc quy nh lin quan n mt s dch v TMT khc
Ngh nh s 90/2008/N-CP v chng th rc Dch v qung co qua tin nhn v th in t hng t s 03/2009/TT-BTTTT ca B Thng tin v Truyn thng quy nh v m s qun l i vi nh cung cp dch v qung co bng th in t, tin nhn; nh cung cp dch v tin nhn qua mng Internet Ngh nh s 26/2007/N-CP quy nh chi tit thi hnh Lut Giao dch in t v Ch k s v Dch v chng thc ch k s Dch v chng thc ch k s Thng t s 37/2009/TT-BTTTT ca B Thng tin v Truyn thng quy nh v h s v th tc lin quan n cp php, ng k, cng nhn cc t chc cung cp dch v chng thc ch k s Ngh nh v Thanh ton khng dng tin mt (ang d tho) Thng t s 180/2010/TT-BTC ca B Ti chnh v giao dch in t trong lnh vc thu
Dch v thanh ton khng dng tin mt Dch v gi tr gia tng v giao dch in t trong lnh vc thu
Dch v trung gian cung cp gii Thng t s 32/2011/TT-BTC ca B Ti chnh ngy 14/3/2011 hng php ha n in t dn v khi to, pht hnh v s dng ha n in t Dch v gi tr gia tng v giao dch in t trong lnh vc hi quan Quyt nh s 01/2008/Q-BTC ca B Ti Chnh v vic ban hnh Quy ch cng nhn t chc cung cp dch v gi tr gia tng v giao dch in t trong hot ng Hi Quan
CHNG II
TNH HNH NG DNG THNG MI IN T TRONG DOANH NGHIP
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I. THNG TIN CHUNG 1. Quy m kho st 2001 2010 c coi l thp k hnh thnh TMT Vit Nam. C th thy ti cui nm 2010 h tng c bn cho ng dng TMT ti Vit Nam c xc lp. Nu nh ti gia thp k ny ng dng v trin khai TMT ch yu tp trung cc thnh ph ln th ti cui nm 2010 n lan truyn ti tt c cc tnh trn c nc. Nhn nh chung l hai thnh ph ln nht nc, Thnh ph H Ch Minh v H Ni, vn tip tc dn u cc a phng trong trin khai TMT. Tuy nhin, nh gi thc trng trin khai TMT ti mi thnh ph ny cn c iu tra ring. Vic iu tra cho Bo co TMT 2011 c tin hnh theo hng c bn gi nguyn quy m kho st cho tt c cc a phng, ng thi phi hp vi S Cng Thng v Cc Thng k Thnh ph H Ch Minh iu tra vi quy m kh ln thc trng ng dng CNTT v TMT ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh. 2. Mu phiu kho st v ngi in phiu chnh xc v tin cy ca vic kho st tnh hnh ng dng TMT ti cc doanh nghip ph thuc ng k vo cc thng tin yu cu doanh nghip cung cp ti mu phiu kho st. Mu phiu iu tra kho st nm 2011 c iu chnh theo hng ph hp hn vi tnh hnh pht trin ca TMT, ng thi m bo tt hn tnh b mt kinh doanh cng nh trnh cho ngi khai phi cung cp trng lp thng tin. Vic sa i mu phiu m bo cu trc c bn ca cc cu hi khng thay i v thng tin c th so snh c lin tc gia cc nm ti mc cao nht. Nhng thay i c bn ca phiu iu tra nm 2011 so vi nm 2010 bao gm: - Mc 10 v p dng cc bin php bo mt thng tin: thay bin php Ch k in tthnh Ch k s, chng th s. - Mc 11 v c tnh chi ph ng dng CNTT v TMT: b yu cu thng tin v chi ph tuyt i quy theo tin ng. - Mc 12 v s dng cc dch v cng trc tuyn: nm 2010 lit k 3 nhm dch v cng c th l: 1) tra cu thng tin v quy trnh, th tc hnh chnh trn cc website ca cc c quan nh nc; 2) th tc xut nhp khu, hi quan in t, CO in t; 3) ng k, xin giy php hot ng sn xut kinh doanh thng qua cc website ca c quan nh nc. Phiu nm 2011 yu cu doanh nghip t in 6 dch v cng trc tuyn ch yu v cc dch v cng trc tuyn khc (nu c). - Mc 13 v tham gia cc sn TMT: Nm 2010 nu c th ba sn l ECVN, Gophatdat v Alibaba. Nm 2011 thay th hai sn sau thnh Vatgia.com v 123mua.vn
Chng II Tnh hnh ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip
57
- Mc 16 v website ca doanh nghip: B yu cu cung cp thng tin v thi gian thnh lp v tng lng truy cp. - Mc 18 v tng gi tr cc n t hng qua cc phng tin in t: thay th gi tr tuyt i thnh t l trn tng doanh thu. - Mc 22 v nh gi hiu qu ng dng TMT: b nh gi v tng doanh s. - Mc 23 v nh gi tr ngi: gp nh gi Nhn thc ca ngi dn v TMT vo nh gi Mi trng x hi v tp qun kinh doanh thnh Nhn thc x hi v mi trng kinh doanh. T l cc phiu c lnh o doanh nghip trc tip in nm 2011 l 24%. T l ny tng t nh nm 2010 cho thy nhiu lnh o doanh nghip quan tm ti TMT, nhng mt khc cng phn nh t l cc doanh nghip va v nh tham gia iu tra kh cao. T l cc phiu do cn b qun l v nhn vin in nm 2011 l 8% v 68%. Cc t l ny cng khng khc nhiu so vi nm 2010.
Hnh II.1: Ngi i din doanh nghip tr li phiu kho st nm 2011
8%
Nhn vin
24% 68%
Qun l Gim c
3. Phn b doanh nghip tham gia cuc iu tra Cc doanh nghip c t 300 lao ng tr ln l doanh nghip ln, ngc li l doanh nghip va v nh. Theo cch phn loi ny, t l cc doanh nghip ln tham gia iu tra nm 2011 l 11%, t l tng ng cho cc doanh nghip va v nh l 89%. Nh vy, t l cc doanh nghip ln tham gia iu tra cao hn t l doanh nghip ln ni chung trn c nc. Nh vy, mt s kt qu iu tra v hin trng ng dng TMT nm 2011 c khuynh hng phn nh hin trng ca cc doanh nghip ln.
Hnh II.2: Quy m ca doanh nghip tham gia kho st qua cc nm 100%
95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 2006
92% 88% 94% 90% 85% 89% 8% 12% 6% 10% 15% 11%
Doanh nghip ln SME
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
58
V loi hnh doanh nghip tham gia iu tra, chim t l cao nht l cc doanh nghip ngoi nh nc (84%), tip theo l t l cc doanh nghip c vn u t trc tip nc ngoi (11%). T l cc doanh nghip nh nc tham gia iu tra nm 2011 ch l 4%, thp hn ng k t l 7% ca nm 2010. Vic nng cao t l iu tra cc doanh nghip c vn u t trc tip nc ngoi nhm phn nh thc t khi doanh nghip ny ngy cng chim t trng ln hn trong nn kinh t Vit Nam.
Hnh II. 3: Loi hnh ca doanh nghip tham gia kho st nm 2011
4% 11%
Nh nc Ngoi nh nc u t nc ngoi
84%
Hai lnh vc c nhiu doanh nghip tham gia kho st nht l lnh vc thng mi, bn bun, bn l (43%) v lnh vc sn xut, cng nghip, nng lng (26%). T l cc doanh nghip hot ng trong lnh vc xy dng, vn ti, kho bi l 13% v t l cho cc lnh vc dch v l 9%. Khc vi nm 2010, t l cc doanh nghip hot ng trong lnh vc cng ngh thng tin v TMT tham gia iu tra nm 2011 ch l 2%, thp hn ng k t l 6% nm 2010. S liu iu tra nhiu nm trc cho thy cc doanh nghip CNTT v TMT lun lun dn u v mi yu t lin quan ti ng dng v trin khai TMT.
Hnh II. 4: Lnh vc hot ng ca cc doanh nghip tham gia kho st nm 2011
Khc CNTT v TM T Nng, lm, th y s n Ti chnh, ngn hng, b t ng s n
1% 2% 4% 2% 13% 9% 26% 43% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
Xy d ng, v n t i, kho bi D ch v S n xu t, cng nghi p, n ng l Th ng
ng m i, bn bun, bn l
II. MC SN SNG NG DNG THNG MI IN T Mc sn sng ng dng TMT khng lun lun tng ng vi quy m hay hiu qu trin khai TMT, nhng n phn nh iu kin cn thit ng dng TMT
59
trong hin ti hoc tng lai gn. Tng t nh cc nm trc, mc sn sng ng dng TMT nm 2011 c nh gi trn cc yu t my tnh, kt ni Internet, email, an ton thng tin v ngun nhn lc TMT. 1. My tnh Kt qu iu tra kho st nm 2011 cho thy 100% doanh nghip u trang b my tnh. Kt qu ny ph hp vi thc t l cc doanh nghip u quan tm ti vic nng cp, mua mi my tnh, ng thi cc doanh nghip mi thnh lp hu nh u trang b t nht mt my tnh ngay t khi bt u hot ng. T l cc doanh nghip c t 1-10 my tnh l 72%. T l ny ph hp vi t l 89% cc doanh nghip tham gia iu tra l cc doanh nghip va v nh. Trong khi , t l doanh nghip c trn 50 my tnh l 3%, thp hn nhiu so vi t l 11% cc doanh nghip l doanh nghip ln vi trn 300 lao ng. T l cc doanh nghip c t 11-50 my tnh l 16% v t 21-50 my tnh l 9%.
Hnh II. 5: S lng my tnh trong doanh nghip qua cc nm
80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1-10 11-20
23% 20%23% 18% 16% 15% 21%21% 16% 16% 12% 9% 67% 56% 55% 72%
50% 47%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

12% 8% 10% 6% 6%
2011
3%
21-50
Trn 50
T l 23% cc doanh nghip trn a bn H Ni c t 11-20 my tnh cao gp i so vi t l tng ng ca cc a phng khc
Hnh II.6: S lng my tnh trong doanh nghip trn a bn H Ni
80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 65% 23% 1-10 H Ni 75% a phng khc
12%
10% 9% 21-50
2%
4%
11-20
Trn 50
60
Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2011 Hp II.1: iu tra ng dng CNTT v TMT ti Tp. H Ch Minh
Nm 2011, Cc Thng k Tp. H Ch Minh tin hnh iu tra tnh hnh ng dng CNTT v TMT trn a bn thnh ph, thi im cung cp thng tin l cui nm 2010. Tng s doanh nghip tham gia iu tra l 12.852, trong s doanh nghip thuc thnh phn kinh t nh nc l 397, kinh t tp th l 105, kinh t t nhn l 10.713, kinh t c vn u t nc ngoi l 1.637. Nu phn theo quy m doanh nghip th c 2.441 doanh nghip quy m ln (19%) v 10.411 doanh nghip c quy m va v nh (81%). Trong s cc doanh nghip iu tra, c ti 12.841 doanh nghip c my tnh, chim t l 99,9%. Trong , t l cc doanh nghip thuc thnh phn kinh t tp th c my tnh l 99,0%, thnh phn kinh t t nhn l 99,9%, cn cc thnh phn kinh t khc t l ny u l 100%. Nu phn theo quy m doanh nghip, 100% doanh nghip ln v 99,9% doanh nghip nh c my tnh. Kt qu ny ph hp vi iu tra mu trn phm vi c nc ca B Cng thng vi s lng doanh nghip tham gia iu tra nh hn. Ngun: Cc Thng k Tp. H Ch Minh
2. Internet Hu ht cc doanh nghip tham gia kho st kt ni Internet, t l cc doanh nghip cha kt ni Internet ch cn 2%. Hnh thc kt ni Internet ph bin nht l ADSL vi t l l 78%, t l ny c xu hng gim i khi nhiu doanh nghip s dng hnh thc kt ni Internet qua ng truyn ring vi t l l 19%. Hnh thc kt ni Internet qua quay s chim 1%.
Hnh II.7: Hnh thc kt ni Internet c nc nm 2011
2%
1% 19%
Quay s ng truyn ring ADSL Khng kt ni
78%
Hp II.2: Truy cp Internet ca cc doanh nghip ti Tp. H Ch Minh Tnh ti 31/12/2010, c ti 97,3% doanh nghip tham gia cuc iu tra v CNTT v TMT truy cp Internet. T l ny tng ln ng k so vi nm 2008 (91,6%). V hnh thc kt ni, 19% truy cp qua modem, 77% s dng xDSL v 4% kt ni qua ng truyn ring. Mc ch kt ni Internet ca cc doanh nghip trn a bn Tp. H Ch Minh nh sau: 88,4% cho trao i email, 84,2% cho tm kim thng tin, 71,3% cho truyn nhn file, 31,0% cho mua bn sn phm hng ha v dch v, 66,1% cho tm hiu chnh sch v 0,7% cho cc mc ch khc. Ngun: Cc Thng k Tp. H Ch Minh
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3. Email Email l mt phng tin ph bin, n gin v hiu qu tin hnh kinh doanh. Nu phn theo quy m doanh nghip, 93% doanh nghip ln v 73% doanh nghip va v nh s dng email trong kinh doanh. R rng l cn mt t l khng nh cc doanh nghip cha khai thc li ch to ln ca email trong hot ng kinh doanh, t trao i thng tin ti qung co sn phm, giao kt hp ng
Hnh II.8: Tnh hnh ng dng email cho mc ch kinh doanh ca doanh nghip nm 2011
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 73% 93% Doanh nghip ln SME
27% C Khng
7%
4. Bo m an ton thng tin v bo v thng tin c nhn 4.1 Bo m an ton thng tin Hu ht doanh nghip v ngi tiu dng bit ti li ch to ln ca TMT nhng vn cha ng dng hoc mi ng dng mc thp do lo ngi v cc ri ro trong giao dch trc tuyn. Ngc li, cng c nhiu doanh nghip v ngi tiu dng tham gia TMT nhng cha ch tha ng ti vic bo v thng tin trn mi trng mng. Kt qu iu tra nm 2011 v hot ng bo m an ton thng tin ti cc doanh nghip cho thy c 37% s dng bin php tng la, 92% s dng cc phn mm, 14% s dng cc bin php phn cng. tm v m, nm 2010 Th tng Chnh ph ban hnh Quyt nh ph duyt Quy hoch an ton thng tin s quc gia ti nm 2020. Tuy nhin, kt qu iu tra cho thy s quan tm ca doanh nghip bo m an ton thng tin s cha cao. Cc cng c phn mm c hu ht cc doanh nghip s dng m bo an ton thng tin. Trong khi c th tin cy t l 37% cc doanh nghip s dng bin php tng la th t l 22% cc doanh nghip s dng bin php ch k s c th cha ph hp vi thc t.
Hnh II.9: Cc bin php bo m an ton thng tin
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% T 37% ng l a Ph n m m 92%
14% Ph n c ng
22% Ch k s
62
Nu kho st chi tit hn v vic bo m an ton thng tin theo quy m doanh nghip, c th thy t l cc doanh nghip ln s dng cc bin php bo m an ton thng tin cao hn hn so vi cc doanh nghip va v nh.
Hnh II.10: Cc bin php bo m an ton thng tin theo quy m doanh nghip
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Tng la Phn mm 36% 13% 55% 39% 22% 27% 0% 0% Phn cng Ch k s Khc Doanh nghip ln SME 92% 95%
4.2 Bo v thng tin c nhn Song song vi bo m an ton thng tin s, vic bo v thng tin c nhn trong giao dch trc tuyn ni chung v giao dch TMT ni ring c ngha ngy cng quan trng. Tuy nhin, cuc iu tra cho thy mi c 40% doanh nghip quan tm ti vic bo v thng tin c nhn. C s khc bit ng k gia cc doanh nghip ln vi cc doanh nghip va v nh i vi vic trin khai cc bin php bo v thng tin c nhn cho khch hng. Trong khi 66% doanh nghip ln cho bit p dng cc bin php bo v thng tin c nhn th t l ny ti cc doanh nghip va v nh mi l 40%. Nhn chung, s quan tm ti vic bo v thng tin c nhn ca cc doanh nghip nm 2011 khng thay i nhiu so vi nm 2010.
Hnh II.11: Tnh hnh bo v thng tin c nhn theo quy m doanh nghip
80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 40% C 66% 60% Doanh nghip ln SME 34%
Khng
5. Cn b chuyn trch v thng mi in t Kinh doanh trc tuyn i hi phi c i ng cn b vi trnh chuyn mn nghip v ph hp. Trong nhiu nm tin hnh iu tra kho st v tnh hnh trin khai TMT, c quan iu tra u quan tm ti i ng cn b chuyn trch ny. Theo kt qu iu tra nm 2011, 23% doanh nghip cho bit c cn b chuyn trch v TMT. T l ny tng ng vi nm 2010.
63
Nu so snh t l ca nm 2010 v 2011 vi cc nm trc , c th thy rng t l ny c xu hng gim. Nguyn nhn c th do giai on u cc doanh nghip cha tch bit cn b cng ngh thng tin vi cn b TMT. Mc d phiu iu tra ghi r l Doanh nghip c cn b chuyn trch v TMT khng? nhng thc t c nhng doanh nghip cha phn bit cn b chuyn trch v TMT v cn b chuyn trch v cng ngh thng tin. Do , t l ny ca giai on trc nm 2010 c th cao hn nhiu so vi thc t. T nm 2010 cc doanh nghip nhn bit r hn s khc bit gia hai nhm cn b ny. Kt qu iu tra v t l doanh nghip c cn b chuyn trch v TMT ph hp hn vi thc t, mc d vn cha c s tch bit hon ton vi cn b chuyn trch v cng ngh thng tin. Nhn xt ny c th ph hp vi cuc iu tra ring ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh. Vi s lng kh ln cc doanh nghip tham gia iu tra, thng k cho thy c 9,3% doanh nghip c cn b chuyn trch v TMT.
Hnh II.12: T l cn b chuyn trch TMT trong doanh nghip qua cc nm
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% T 37% ng l a Ph n m m 92%
14% Ph n c ng
22% Ch k s
Phn theo lnh vc kinh doanh, cc doanh nghip trong lnh vc CNTT v TMT c cn b chuyn trch v TMT chim t l cao nht (69%). Kt qu ny ph hp vi thc tin l cc doanh nghip trong lnh vc ny c bit quan tm ti vic s dng email v website trong hot ng kinh doanh. Lnh vc ti chnh, ngn hng v bt ng sn cng c t l cn b chuyn trch v TMT cao (37%). ng ch l lnh vc kinh doanh dch v bt ng sn coi trng vic gii thiu sn phm trn website v chm sc khch hng qua email.
Hnh II.13: Cn b chuyn trch v TMT theo lnh vc ca doanh nghip nm 2011
Khc CNTT, TMT Nng, lm thy sn Ti chnh, NH, BS Xy dng , vn ti, kho bi Dch v Sn xut, cng nghip, nng lng Thng mi 0% 10% 23% 23% 24% 20% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 26% 37% 26% 69%
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Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2011 Hp II.3: Cn b chuyn trch v TMT ti Tp. H Ch Minh
Ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh, 9,3% doanh nghip c cn b chuyn trch v thng mi in t. T l ny phn theo cc loi hnh doanh nghip nh sau: kinh t nh nc 15,1%, kinh t tp th 2,9%, kinh t t nhn 8,3%, kinh t c vn u t nc ngoi 15,3%. Nu phn theo quy m doanh nghip, 18,6% s doanh nghip quy m ln c cn b chuyn trch v thng mi in t, trong khi t l ny cc doanh nghip va v nh ch l 7,2%. V o to cn b, trong khi c ti 51% doanh nghip c chi ph cho hot ng ng dng CNTT th mi c 6% doanh nghip quan tm ti o to CNTT cho nhn vin, phn theo cc loi hnh doanh nghip nh sau: kinh t nh nc 12%, kinh t tp th 12%, kinh t t nhn 5%, kinh t c vn u t nc ngoi 8%. Nu theo quy m doanh nghip, 11% doanh nghip ln c o to CNTT cho nhn vin trong khi t l ny cc doanh nghip va v nh l 5%. Ngun: Cc Thng k Tp. H Ch Minh
V o to cn b trong c lnh vc cng ngh thng tin v TMT, iu tra cho thy c xu hng cc doanh nghip ngy cng t quan tm hn ti vic o to v o to li cn b. Th nht, vic ph cp tin hc cho cn b c tin hnh kh mnh m trong thp k trc. Th hai, i ng cn b tr khi c tuyn dng vo doanh nghip cng ngy cng c trnh cng ngh thng tin cao do c o to kh tt t cp hc ph thng cho ti cc c s o to chuyn nghip. Th ba, hot ng o to cn b ni chung cc doanh nghip, bao gm c cng ngh thng tin v TMT, cha c quan tm tha ng. Ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh, 51% doanh nghip c kinh ph cho CNTT trong khi ch c 6% doanh nghip c kinh ph o to CNTT. S quan tm v kinh ph cho o to cn b v TMT chc chn s thp hn nhiu khng nhng ch ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh m trn c nc.
Hnh II.14: o to CNTT v TMT qua cc nm
70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
8% 12% 7% 3% 2% 1% 62% 60% 56% 43% 39% 40% 30% 38% 28% 30% 27% 15% 16% 21% 27% 17% 52% 49%
M lp 2006
Ti ch 2007 2008 2009
C nhn vin 2010 2011
Khng o to
III. TNH HNH NG DNG THNG MI IN T 1. Phn mm Trin khai ng dng TMT c mi lin quan mt thit vi vic s dng cc phn mm trong cc khu ca chu trnh hot ng sn xut kinh doanh, t nhng phn mm thng dng cho cng tc vn phng ti nhng phn mm phc tp hn phc v qun tr ngun lc doanh nghip, qun l chui cung ng hay qun l quan h
65
khch hng. Vic s dng cc phn mm x l vn bn c coi l ph cp i vi tt c cc doanh nghip c my tnh nn khng c coi l mt tiu ch kho st. Theo kt qu iu tra, hai nhm phn mm c s dng ph bin nht l phn mm vn phng (88%) v k ton (79%). Cc phn mm phc tp, i hi mc t chc cao ca doanh nghip nh ERP , CRM, SCM c t l doanh nghip s dng thp hn vi cc t l tng ng l 4%, 15% v 17%. C 21% doanh nghip tham gia kho st cho bit s dng phn mm qun l nhn s. T l cc doanh nghip s dng cc phn mm c bn ny trong nm 2011 khng c s thay i ng k so vi nm 2010.
Hnh II.15: T l ng dng cc phn mm CNTT v TMT ca doanh nghip nm 2011
Phn mm ERP Phn mm CRM Phn mm SCM Phn mm nhn s Phn mm k ton Phn mm vn phng 0% 20%
4% 15% 17% 21% 79% 88% 92% 81% 79% 78% 19% 11%
4% 4% 4% 2% 1% 1%
C khng Khng bi t
40%
60%
80%
100%
Xt theo quy m doanh nghip, s khng bt ng khi kt qu iu tra cho thy khng c s khc bit ln v t l cc doanh nghip ln vi cc doanh nghip va v nh s dng cc phn mm vn phng, k ton, qun l khch hng (CRM) v qun l chui cung ng (SCM). Trong khi , c s khc bit ln gia t l cc doanh nghip ln vi cc doanh nghip va v nh s dng phn mm ERP vi s khc bit ln ti 4 ln: 16% doanh nghip ln so vi 4% doanh nghip va v nh s dng phn mm ny. S khc bit trong vic s dng phn mm qun l nhn s cng kh cao gia hai nhm vi t l tng ng l 61% v 19%. Tng quan trong vic trin khai cc phn mm gia nhm doanh nghip ln vi nhm doanh nghip va v nh ca nm 2011 c bn tng t nh nm 2010.
Hnh II.16: T l ng dng phn mm theo quy m ca doanh nghip nm 2011
100% 80% 60%
61% 95% 88% 89% 79%
Doanh nghip ln SME

23%
40% 20% 0%
19%
17%
18%
15%
16% 4%
Phn mn Phn mn vn phng k ton
Phn mn Phn mn Phn mn Phn mn nhn s SCM CRM ERP
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Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2011 Hp II.4: Tnh hnh ng dng phn mm ti Tp. H Ch Minh
Ti Tp. H Ch Minh c ti 83% doanh nghip ng dng phn mm trong hot ng sn xut kinh doanh, trong 5% l phn mm qun l cng vn, 22% phn mm qun l nhn s, 75% phn mm ti chnh k ton. T l cc doanh nghip s dng cc phn mm phc tp SCM, CRM v ERP tng ng l 13%, 7% v 12%. T l cc doanh nghip s dng cc phm mm chuyn dng khc l 7%. Xt theo quy m doanh nghip, tng t nh trn phm vi c nc, khng c s khc bit ng k gia cc doanh ln v doanh nghip va v nh trong vic s dng cc phn mm thng thng. Nhng i vi cc phn mm phc tp l SCM, CRM v ERP , c s khc bit r rng gia hai loi hnh doanh nghip ny, vi cc t l tng ng 18%, 8%, 20% cho cc doanh nghip ln v 6%, 4%, 6% cho cc doanh nghip va v nh. Ngun: Cc Thng k Tp. H Ch Minh
2. Website Xu th kinh doanh hin i trn th gii cng nh Vit Nam i hi mi doanh nghip, d kinh doanh trong lnh vc no, quy m doanh nghip ra sao, u cn c website ring. T l doanh nghip c website l mt ch tiu quan trng nh gi mc ng dng TMT. Loi tr sai s gia cc cuc iu tra qua cc nm, c th thy t l doanh nghip c website trong nm 2011 khng thay i ng k so vi nm trc. Tnh chung trn c nc c khong 30% doanh nghip c website. Trong khi t l doanh nghip c website khng tng, t l 11% doanh nghip cha c website nhng d kin s xy dng website thm ch cn gim so vi cc nm trc. C hai t l quan trng ny u khng tng c th do hu qu ca cuc suy thoi kinh t ton cu tc ng su sc v ton din ti cc doanh nghip Vit Nam. Cc doanh nghip ct gim ti mc cao nht chi ph kinh doanh, bao gm cc chi ph mi cho qung co v u t chiu su, k c cho xy dng website.
Hnh II.17: Tnh hnh s hu website ca doanh nghip qua cc nm
70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 31% 38% 45% 38% 38% 35% 12% 4% 17% 21% 11% 30%
DN c website DN s xy dng website trong tng lai
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Xt theo a bn, 35% doanh nghip ti H Ni v 34% ti Tp. H Ch Minh c website. Nh vy, xu hng chung ca giai on 2006 - 2011 l ba nm u t l doanh nghip c website tng ln, cn ba nm sau t l ny khng thay i nhiu. C th c mi quan h gia xu hng ny vi tnh hnh chung ca nn kinh t v m.
Chng II Tnh hnh ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip Hp II.5: Tnh hnh doanh nghip c website ti Tp. H Ch Minh
67
Ti Tp. H Ch Minh, 100% doanh nghip bit n tin ch ca thng mi in t, trong 89% doanh nghip thc hin giao dch qua mng nhng mi c 3% doanh nghip quan tm ti u t pht trin v ng dng thng mi in t. T l doanh nghip thng xuyn s dng email trong hot ng sn xut kinh doanh l 87%, t l doanh nghip tin hnh mua bn trc tuyn l 31%. T l doanh nghip c website l 34%, trong 27% doanh nghip c website tch hp tnh nng gii thiu sn phm hoc bn sn phm. Ngun: Cc Thng k Tp. H Ch Minh
Phn tch t l doanh nghip c website theo lnh vc kinh doanh, tng t nh cc nm trc c th thy lnh vc CNTT v TMT vn i tin phong trong vic xy dng website phc v hot ng sn xut kinh doanh vi t l 72% doanh nghip c website. T l ny ca nm 2010 l 63%. Nhm doanh nghip c t l s hu website cao th hai l nhm cc doanh nghip kinh doanh trong lnh vc ti chnh, ngn hng v bt ng sn vi t l 45%. T l cao cc doanh nghip ti chnh, ngn hng coi trng vic ng dng cng ngh thng tin v TMT trong hot ng chuyn mn, nghip v, bao gm cung cp dch v h tr khch hng thng qua website l mt xu hng r rng t nhiu nm qua. Trong khi , nhiu doanh nghip kinh doanh bt ng sn khai thc tt cng c website gii thiu sn phm. T l cao cc doanh nhip thuc nhm ny c website phn nh xu hng . Mt lnh vc khc c t l website cao v n nh l lnh vc nng, lm, thy sn. C th phn on cc doanh nghip trong lnh vc ny c nh hng hi nhp v xut khu rt cao nn coi trng vic xy dng website nhm gii thiu hnh nh v sn phm ca doanh nghip. Nm 2011, c ti 37% doanh nghip trong lnh vc nng, lm, thy sn c website v 11% doanh nghip c k hoch xy dng website. Cc t l ny ca nm 2010 l 32% v 21%. Nh vy, suy thoi kinh t hu nh khng nh hng ti ng dng TMT ca cc doanh nghip trong lnh vc ny. C th c mi tng quan cht ch gia cc t l ny vi t l tng trng cao khong 28% ca kim ngch xut khu nng, lm, thy sn ca Vit Nam nm 2011 so vi nm 2010.
Hnh II.18: T l doanh nghip s hu website theo lnh vc hot ng nm 2011
Khc CNTT, TMT Nng, lm thy sn Ti chnh, NH, BS Xy dng , vn ti, kho bi Dch v Sn xut, cng nghip, Nng lng Thng mi, bn bun, bn l 0%
13% 26% 32% 28% 37% 45% 12% 14% 6% 13% 23% 6% 72% 11% 9% 10%
C website S xy dng website
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
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ng ch , t l 28% cc doanh nghip thuc nhm kinh doanh thng mi, bn bun, bn l c website l kh thp. Xt v v tr tng i qua cc nm iu tra, t l c website ca nhm doanh nghip ny lun lun ng v tr trung bnh thp. T c th nhn xt cc doanh nghip trong lnh vc phn phi Vit Nam ni chung cha bt nhp vi trnh cng ngh v qun l hin i. y c th l mt yu t khin cho chi ph phn phi hng ha v dch v cn cao. Trong khi t l doanh nghip c website nm 2011 khng thay i ln so vi cc nm trc th cht lng cc website tng ln. Th nht, iu tra v tn sut cho thy cc doanh nghip u t cao hn cho vic cp nht thng tin trn website. T l doanh nghip c tn sut cp nht website theo ngy, tun v thng tng ng l 65%, 23% v 10%. Xt v tng th, tn sut cp nht ca nm 2011 tt hn ca cc nm trc .
Hnh II.19: Tnh hnh cp nht website ca doanh nghip qua cc nm
70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Hng ngy Hng tu n Hng thng Khng c p nh t
iu tra v tnh hnh cp nht website ca doanh nghip nm 2011 cng cho thy khng c s khc bit r rt gia quy m doanh nghip vi tn sut cp nht website. Trong khi , c s khc bit r rng trong vic cp nht website gia cc doanh nghip hai trung tm kinh t ln l H Ni v Tp. H Ch Minh vi cc a phng khc.
Bng II.1: Tnh hnh cp nht thng tin trn website
Khng cp nht Hng ngy Theo quy m SME Doanh nghip ln 2% 1% 65% 62% Theo a phng H Ni a Phng khc 0% 3% 67% 65% 30% 19% 2% 13% 23% 22% 10% 15% Hng tun Hng thng
Th hai, kho st ni dung ca website theo cc tiu ch gii thiu doanh nghip, gii thiu sn phm, cho php t hng trc tuyn v cho php thanh ton trc tuyn cho thy c s ci thin r rng. T l website c cc chc nng cao hn chc nng gii thiu doanh nghip v sn phm nh chc nng t hng v thanh ton
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trc tuyn tng ln ng k. Nm 2011 c ti 32% website c chc nng t hng trc tuyn so vi t l 20% ca nm 2010. T l website c chc nng thanh ton trc tuyn l 7%, cao hn gp i so vi t l 3% ca nm 2010.
Hnh II.20: T l cc chc nng ca website
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 32% Gi i thi u doanh nghi p Gi i thi u s n ph m t hng tr c tuy n 7% Thanh ton tr c tuy n 100% 88%
3. Nhn n t hng Vic kho st bn phng tin in t ch yu l in thoi, fax, email v website nhn n t hng c tin hnh u n trong nhiu nm. Trong khi t l cc doanh nghip nhn n t hng qua cc phng tin in thoi, email v website khng c s thay i r rng th t l cc doanh nghip nhn n t hng qua phng tin fax gim dn.
Bng II.2: Doanh nghip s dng phng tin in t nhn n t hng nm 2011
Phng tin T l in thoi 91% Fax 82% Email 66% Website 11%
Nu xt theo quy m doanh nghip, kt qu cho thy cc doanh nghip ln c xu hng nhn n t hng qua email v website cao hn so vi cc doanh nghip va v nh. Ngc li, cc doanh nghip va v nh c khuynh hng s dng in thoi v fax nhn n t hng cao hn cc doanh nghip ln.
Bng II.3: Quy m doanh nghip s dng phng tin in t nhn n t hng nm 2011
Phng tin SME DN ln in thoi 92% 85% Fax 82% 80% Email 65% 77% Website 10% 21%
4. t hng C s tng quan cao gia t l t hng v nhn n t hng qua cc phng tin in t. Mc d giao dch trc tuyn pht trin nhanh v ngy cng ph bin nhng in thoi vn c s dng ph bin nht cho c t hng ln nhn t hng. T l t hng qua email l 64% v qua website l 10% xp x vi t l cc doanh nghip nhn t hng qua cc phng tin ny.
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Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2011 Bng II.4: Doanh nghip s dng phng tin in t t hng nm 2011
Phng tin T l in thoi 91% Fax 82% Email 64% Website 10%
Nu xt theo quy m doanh nghip, c th thy cc doanh nghip ln ng dng hai phng tin giao dch in t l in thoi v fax tng ng cc doanh nghip va v nh, ng thi s dng hai phng tin l email v website cao hn. T l cc doanh nghip ln s dng email t hng l 76% so vi 63% ca cc doanh nghip va v nh, cc t l tng ng vi t hng qua website l 17% v 9%.
Bng II.5: S dng phng tin in t t hng theo quy m doanh nghip nm 2011
Phng tin SME DN ln in thoi 91% 94% Fax 82% 86% Email 63% 76% Website 9% 17%
HpII.6: Tnh hnh ng dng cc giao dch kinh doanh trn mng Internet ti Tp. H Ch Minh Ti Tp. H Ch Minh, t l cc doanh nghip c thc hin cc giao dch qua mng l 89%. T l ny cao hn ng k so vi t l trung bnh trn c nc. Thng k t l ny theo thnh phn kinh t cho thy nhm doanh nghip thuc thnh phn kinh t nh nc l 94%, kinh t tp th l 91%, kinh t t nhn l 88% v kinh t c vn u t nc ngoi l 95%. Nh vy, cc doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi vn l cc doanh nghip tin phong trong ng dng thng mi in t. Thng k t l trn theo quy m doanh nghip, c 95% cc doanh nghip ln v 88% cc doanh nghip va v nh thc hin cc giao dch qua mng. So snh cc t l trn vi cc t l tng ng nm 2008 c th nhn xt cc doanh nghip tin hnh giao dch kinh doanh qua mng Tp. H Ch Minh tng kh nhanh. Ngun: Cc Thng k Tp. H Ch Minh
IV . HIU QU NG DNG TMT V NH GI CA DOANH NGHIP 1. u t cho cng ngh thng tin v thng mi in t ca doanh nghip Vic kho st v phn tch tnh hnh u t cho CNTT v TMT ti cc doanh nghip qua cc nm gp phn v nn bc tranh ton cnh v tnh hnh trin khai TMT. Nhn chung, c cu u t cho CNTT nm 2011 khng c s khc bit nhiu vi cc nm 2009 v 2010. T l chi ph cho phn cng l 55%, tip tc chim t trng ln nht. T l ny tng ln nhiu so vi hai nm trc. y l xu hng chung ca tnh hnh ng dng v trin khai CNTT trong nhiu nm qua v cha c du hiu thay i mang tnh bc ngot. T l chi ph dnh cho phn mm l 29%, tng ng vi t l tng ng ca nm 2010. T l chi ph cho o to v chi khc l 8% v 9%, thp hn cc t l tng ng ca nm 2010.
Chng II Tnh hnh ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip Hnh II.21: C cu chi ph cho h tng CNTT trong doanh nghip
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55%
29%
8%
9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50% Ph n m m
60%
70% o t o
80% Khc
90%
100%
Ph n c ng
Hp II.7: u t cho CNTT v TMT ti Tp. H Ch Minh Ti Tp. H Ch Minh, 51% doanh nghip c chi ph cho CNTT. T l ny khng bao gm cc doanh nghip ch duy tr chi ph CNTT ti thiu nh bo dng thit b, mua mc in, v.v T l doanh nghip c ng dng phn mm trong hot ng l 80% (khng tnh ti nhng phn mm thng thng nht nh son tho vn bn). T l doanh nghip c o to CNTT cho nhn vin l 6%, trong t l cc doanh nghip thuc thnh phn kinh t nh nc l 12%, kinh t tp th l 12%, kinh t t nhn l 5% v kinh t c vn u t nc ngoi l 8%. Nu xt theo quy m doanh nghip, c ti 11% doanh nghip ln tin hnh o to CNTT cho nhn vin trong khi ch c 5% doanh nghip va v nh c chi ph cho hot ng ny. Ngun: Cc Thng k Tp. H Ch Minh
2. Hiu qu Cc doanh nghip c yu cu tr li hai cu hi nhm nh gi hiu qu trin khai TMT. Cu hi th nht l so vi nm trc, doanh thu t hng ha, dch v tip th qua knh TMT ca doanh nghip nm 2010 din bin theo chiu hng no: 1) tng; 2) gim; 3) hu nh khng thay i. Theo kt qu iu tra, c 58% doanh nghip cho bit doanh thu qua knh TMT tng ln, 5% l gim v 36% l khng thay i. Nh vy, c th thy TMT tip tc mang li hiu qu tt cho phn ln doanh nghip. ng ch l xu hng nh gi cao hiu qu ca TMT kh n nh trong nhiu nm qua. T l trung bnh cc doanh nghip nh gi doanh thu tng ln qua knh TMT t nm 2006 ti nm 2011 l 60%. Cc t l tng ng i vi trng hp gim v khng thay i l 5% v 35%.
Hnh II.22: Xu hng doanh thu t cc phng tin in t
70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Tng
5% 4% 7% 6% 3% 4% 36% 32% 33% 37% 34% 38% 58% 64% 60% 62% 56% 57%
2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 Khng thay i
Gim
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Kt qu th v l hiu qu t TMT i vi doanh thu trong nm 2011 l nh nhau i vi c hai nhm doanh nghip ln v doanh nghip va v nh.
Hnh II.23: Xu hng doanh thu t cc phng tin in t theo quy m doanh nghip
70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Tng
6% 5% 36% 36% 58% 59%
SME Doanh nghip ln
Gim
Khng thay i
Tng t nh cc nm trc, cc doanh nghip tham gia iu tra tr li cu hi th hai v hiu qu ng dng TMT theo bn tiu ch: 1) M rng knh tip xc vi khch hng; 2) Qung b hnh nh doanh nghip; 3) Gim chi ph kinh doanh; 4) Tng doanh thu v li nhun. Thang im cho mi tiu ch t 0 ti 4, vi im 0 l hon ton khng hiu qu v im 4 l rt hiu qu. Cc doanh nghip u nh gi cao tc ng mnh m ca TMT m rng knh tip xc vi khch hng v qung b hnh nh doanh nghip vi im trung bnh u l 2.73. im trung bnh cho tiu ch gim chi ph kinh doanh l 2.59 v im thp nht dnh cho tiu ch tng doanh thu v li nhun. So snh cc im ny ca nm 2011 vi cc nm trc c th dn ti hai nhn xt sau. Th nht, im trung bnh cho mi tiu ch ca nm 2011 u tng so vi nm 2010. Kt qu ny c th phn nh hiu qu chung khi ng dng TMT tng ln. Th hai, s chnh lch gia cc im trung bnh c xu hng gim dn qua cc nm. Chng hn, nm 2005 im trung bnh cao nht thuc v tiu ch m rng knh tip xc vi khch hng hin c vi s im l 3,23. im ny cao hn 1,5 ln so vi im thp nht ca tiu ch tng li nhun vi s im l 1,90. Kt qu ny phn nh TMT tng bc i vo chiu su, khng ch h tr doanh nghip gii thiu thng tin v doanh nghip v sn phm m h tr mua bn sn phm trc tuyn, qua tng doanh thu v li nhun ca nhiu doanh nghip.
Hnh II.24: nh gi cc tc dng khi ng dng TMT i vi doanh nghip nm 2011
2.75 2.70 2.65 2.60 2.55 2.50 2.45 Ti p xc khch hng Hnh nh Chi ph 2.59 2.73 2.73
2.57
L i nhu n
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3. Tr ngi Nhm cung cp cho cc doanh nghip cng nh cc c quan, t chc thng tin v nh gi ca cc doanh nghip i vi cc tr ngi trong vic ng dng, trin khai TMT, cuc iu tra yu cu cc doanh nghip cho im v cc tr ngi sau: 1) Ngun nhn lc cha p ng yu cu; 2) Mi trng php l cha hon thin; 3) H thng thanh ton in t cha pht trin; 4) Dch v vn chuyn v giao nhn cn yu; 5) An ninh mng cha m bo; 6) Nhn thc x hi v mi trng kinh doanh cha thun li. Thang im cho mi tr ngi l t 0 cho ti 4, trong im 0 tng ng vi mc khng gy tr ngi no, im 4 l gy tr ngi rt ln. So snh mt cch tng i gia cc tr ngi, dch v vn chuyn v giao nhn yu c coi l gy ra cn tr t nht vi im trung bnh l 2,11. Trong khi , cc doanh nghip coi an ton thng tin l tr ngi ln nht i vi hot ng ng dng TMT vi im trung bnh l 2,38. Tr ngi v mi trng php l cha hon thin v ngun nhn lc cha p ng yu cu c s im xp x nhau l 2,25 v 2,26. Tr ngi gy ra do h thng thanh ton in t cha pht trin c im trung bnh l 2,30 v l tr ngi nm trung gian trong s cc tr ngi c kho st. Nu xt trn bi cnh t l cc giao dch bng tin mt vn chim u th ln trong cc giao dch thng mi v t l cc website cung cp dch v thanh ton in t cn thp c th thy TMT Vit Nam mi tin t giai on cho hng sang giai on giao kt hp ng, cha thc s bc sang giai on thanh ton trc tuyn. Tng t nh cc nm trc, nhn thc x hi v mi trng kinh doanh cha thun li tip tc l mt trong nhng tr ngi ln nht cho vic trin khai TMT vi im trung bnh l 2,36.
Hnh II.25: nh gi cc tr ngi i vi ng dng TMT ca doanh nghip nm 2011
2.40 2.35 2.30 2.25 2.20 2.15 2.10 2.05 2.00 1.95
2.11 2.25 2.26 2.30 2.36 2.38
V n chuy n
Php l
Nhn l c
Thanh ton
Nh n th c
An ninh
Tng hp kt qu iu tra cc tr ngi khi ng dng, trin khai TMT ti Vit Nam trong giai on 2005 2011 cho thy mi trng tng th cho s pht trin TMT thay i theo hng thun li r rt. Th nht, mc tr ngi chung gim lin tc qua cc nm vi im trung bnh t 3.09 nm 2005 xung cn 2.28 nm 2011. Th hai, phn tch lch gia im cao nht v im thp nht theotng nm trong
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giai on cho thy s khc bit gia cc tr ngi c thu hp dn, lm cho tr ngi ln nht khng qu chnh lch so vi nhng tr ngi khc.
Bng II.6: Tng hp nh gi cc tr ngi trong trin khai TMT giai on 2005 - 2011 Cc tr ngi
An ninh mng Nhn thc x hi v mi trng kinh doanh H thng thanh ton in t Ngun nhn lc Mi trng php l Dch v vn chuyn v giao nhn Nhn thc ca ngi dn H tng CNTT v Truyn thng im trung bnh lch gia im cao nht v thp nht
2005
3.09 3.27 2.95 3.11 3.32 2.81 3.09 0.51
2006
2.78 2.45 3.19 2.45 2.64 3.23 2.22 2.71 1.01
2007
2.90 2.48 2.84 2.54 2.55 2.74 2.32 2.62 0.58
2008
2.37 2.49 2.64 2.49 2.57 2.43 2.68 2.52 0.31
2009
2.83 3.07 2.76 2.68 2.69 2.56 2.89 2.78 0.51
2010 2011
2.54 2.55 2.39 2.32 2.29 2.30 2.49 2.41 0.26 2.38 2.36 2.30 2.26 2.25 2.11 2.28 0.27
*) Cc vi k hiu - tng ng vi tiu ch khng a vo nh gi.
Tuy nhin, mi trng x hi, tp qun kinh doanh thng mi v nhn thc ca ngi dn cha cao v vn tip tc c xu hng l tr ngi hng u i vi vic trin khai TMT. Bn cnh , lo ngi v an ton thng tin s c th thuc nhm cc tr ngi ln nht trong nhng nm ti. 4. xut ca doanh nghip Mt trong cc mc tiu ca nhng cuc iu tra kho st hng nm v tnh hnh trin khai TMT ti doanh nghip l thu thp xut ca doanh nghip i vi cc c quan qun l nh nc. Vi mc tiu , phiu iu tra nm 2011 c thit k doanh nghip d dng nu cc xut ca mnh. Mc ny khng gi trc cc thng tin cho doanh nghip chn m cho doanh nghip hon ton ch ng xut. C s tng quan cao gia vic nh gi cc tr ngi khi trin khai TMT vi cc xut ca doanh nghip. Tng t nh cc nm trc, t l xut cao nht lin quan ti tuyn truyn, nng cao nhn thc v TMT ti ng o cc i tng lin quan. Tip l cc xut v h tr cc doanh nghip, c bit l cc doanh nghip va v nh, trin khai TMT, bao gm h tr xy dng website. Cng c nhng xut ngh nh nc tip tc hon thin mi trng php l, m bo thng tin trn cc website TMT c tin cy cao, cung cp dch v cng trc tuyn. ng ch l xut hin mt s yu cu nng cao hiu qu gii quyt tranh chp trong cc giao dch thng mi trc tuyn. R rng, vn gii quyt tranh chp s tr thnh yu t ni bt trong nhng nm ti khi cc giao dch thng mi trc tuyn tng nhanh c v s lng v quy m.
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V . TNH HNH THAM GIA, NG DNG CC DCH V CNG TRC TUYN PHC V HOT NG KINH DOANH THNG MI Trong 5 nm gn y, cc c quan nh nh nc y mnh cung cp cc dch v cng trc tuyn phc v hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh ca doanh nghip. Nhiu dch v cng quan trng, c tc ng trc tip ti hot ng thng mi nh th tc hi quan in t, cp php nhp khu t ng, cp chng nhn xut x in t c trin khai trn din rng. y cng l mt trong nhng ng lc khuyn khch doanh nghip ng dng TMT gim thi gian, chi ph hnh chnh v nng cao hiu qu kinh doanh. Phn ny ca Chng II s dnh im qua tnh hnh tham gia, ng dng dch v cng trc tuyn mt thc o quan trng nh gi trnh CNTT v TMT ca doanh nghip. Cc s liu trong phn ny khng rt t kt qu kho st doanh nghip nu trong phn u Chng, m c thu thp t c quan nh nc ch tr cung cp tng dch v cng c th. 1. Th tc hi quan in t Th tc hi quan in t bt u c trin khai t ngy 26/6/2005 theo Quyt nh s 149/2005/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph thc hin th im th tc hi quan in t. B Ti chnh trin khai th im th tc hi quan theo hai giai on: - Giai on 1 (t 10/2005 - 11/2009): Giai on th im hp - Giai on 2 (t 12/2009 12/2011): Giai on th im m rng Tnh n ngy 15/10/2011 c 46.919 doanh nghip tham gia th im th tc hi quan in t, ch yu l cc doanh nghip hot ng trong lnh vc kinh doanh, gia cng v sn xut hng xut khu. Cc doanh nghip tham gia tp trung ti 5 a bn hi quan ln l TP . H Ch Minh 30.256, Hi Phng 9.706, H Ni 2.449, Lng Sn 1.089, Bnh Dng 771. S lng t khai thc hin bng th tc hi quan in t t 2.510.153 t3, gp gn 10 ln s lng ca nm 2010. Kim ngch XNK thc hin qua th tc hi quan in t t 198.932,94 triu USD, gp 7 ln so vi nm 2010. Tng s thu thu c 187.867,18 t VN, gp 4,5 ln so vi nm 2010
Hnh II.26: Quy trnh thc hin th tc hi quan in t
Doanh nghip Chi cc Hi quan in t
Kho Hi quan
H Thng tip nhn
Kim tra s b, ng k TK i t.(1)
Kim tra chi tit h s (2)
Kim tra thc tin
Xc nhn hng ha thng quan in t (4)
Lung xanh Lung ghi Lung xanh m
Qun l hon chnh h s (5)
3 Ngun: Bo Hi quan ngy 25/11/2011 http://www.baohaiquan.vn/Pages/Hoan-thanh-thang-loi-nhiem-vu-trong-tamnam-2011.aspx
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Bc 1: Doanh nghip thc hin khai t khai hi quan in t, t khai tr gi (nu cn) theo ng tiu ch v khun dng chun v gi ti h thng ca c quan hi quan. Bc 2: Doanh nghip nhn thng tin phn hi t c quan hi quan v s t khai hi quan, kt qu phn lung v thc hin mt trong cc ni dung sau: + Lung xanh: Min kim tra h s giy v min kim tra thc t hng ha. L hng c c quan hi quan chp nhn thng quan th chuyn sang bc 4. + Lung ghi: Kim tra h s hi quan. Nu c yu cu sa i, b sung h s hi quan th doanh nghip thc hin theo yu cu v xut trnh h s giy c qaun hi quan kim tra. Nu l hng c chp nhn thng quan th thc hin tip bc 4, nu c quan hi quan yu cu kim tra htc t hng ha th chuyn sang bc 3. Bc 3: - Lung xanh m: Doanh nghip xut trnh h s giy v hng ha c quan hi quan kim tra. Bc 4: Doanh nghip in t khai trn h thng ca mnh i ly hng.4 Tuy nhin, th tc hi quan in t c thc hin ch yu vi cc hng ha thuc lung xanh v lung vng, vi t l 72,7% l hng khai hi quan in t thuc lung xanh v 12.83% thuc lung vng. Cc l hng lung ch chim 14,47% s lng t khai hi quan in t. Trn c s cc kt qu t c sau 5 nm trin khai, ngy 23/3/2011 Vn phng Chnh ph c Cng vn s 1757/VPCP-KTTH cho php trin khai m rng th tc hi quan in t (TTHQT) ti 07 Cc Hi quan Thanh Ha, Ngh An, Tha thin Hu, Bnh nh, c lk, Ty Ninh, Long An. 2. H thng qun l cung cp chng nhn xut x in t (eCoSys) H thng cp chng nhn xut x in t (eCoSys) ca B Cng Thng l dch v cng mc 4 u tin trong lnh vc thng mi c trin khai ti Vit Nam. V c bn, eCoSys m nhim vic qun l in t cc chng nhn xut x cp, thc hin cp chng nhn xut x in t cho cc doanh nghip c nhu cu, gip cc doanh nghip tit kim thi gian, chi ph, gim bt th tc gy phin h. H thng eCosys c trin khai trn nn Internet (web-based), khng yu cu phi ci t phn mm chuyn bit pha ngi s dng, nn rt thun tin cho doanh nghip khi trin khai. Mc d thc hin trn mi trng Internet nhng tnh an ton ca giao dch vn c m bo do d liu c m ha bng cng ngh ch k s trc khi truyn i. Tnh n cui nm 2011, hn 7.000 doanh nghip tham gia H thng eCoSys, trong trn 2.000 doanh nghip thc hin khai bo thng xuyn. S CO c
4 Theo http://www.hanoicustoms.gov.vn
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cp trung bnh mi ngy t 600 b, vi s tham gia ca 18 phng qun l xut nhp khu, 37 Ban qun l Khu Cng nghip/ Khu ch xut, v 9 t chc cp C/O thuc VCCI. n nay, tng s CO in t khai bo qua mng t trn 700.000 b.
Hp II.8: Quy trnh khai bo eCoSys I. QUY TRNH I VI DOANH NGHIP Bc 1: ng nhp Doanh nghip ngh cp CO ng nhp vo H thng eCoSys thng qua ti khon ca mnh ti a ch http://www.ecosys.gov.vn Bc 2: Doanh nghip in Form CO Doanh nghip khai cc thng tin CO trn H thng eCoSys (tng t nh in Form CO trn giy). Bc 3: Doanh nghip k in t cho CO Lnh o hoc cn b ca doanh nghip c quyn k CO dng th c ch k in t MOIT-CA do B Cng Thng cp k cc CO khai. Ngay sau khi CO c k in t, Phng Qun l XNK s nhn thy CO doanh nghip ngh cp. II. QUY TRNH I VI CC PHNG QUN L XUT NHP KHU Bc 1: Tip nhn CO do doanh nghip gi ti Chuyn vin thuc cc Phng Qun l XNK ng nhp vo H thng ti a ch: http://www.ecosys. gov.vn nhn v kim tra CO do doanh nghip gi ti. Bc 2: Chuyn vin k in t v chuyn Lnh o Phng Nu CO ca doanh nghip p ng yu cu th chuyn vin k duyt CO gi ln Lnh o Phng. Bc 3: Lnh o k cp s v k in t cho CO Ngay sau khi Chuyn vin k in t cho CO, Lnh o Phng s theo di c CO do chuyn vin gi ln. Lnh o Phng kim tra CO mt ln na, nu mi tiu ch u ph hp s k duyt CO bng ch k in t ca mnh. Bc 4: Doanh nghip ngh cp CO giy Khi CO in t c duyt v cp qua H thng eCoSys, doanh nghip vo H thng in ra theo mu v mang n Phng Qun l XNK ngh cp CO giy nh thng thng. CO giy s c cp ngay sau khi doanh nghip np ti Phng Qun l XNK.
Trong nm 2011, H thng cp chng nhn xut x in t (eCoSys) c c tham d gii thng FutureGov Awards trong lnh vc chnh ph in t. Vi nhng li ch m eCoSys mang li cho cng ng doanh nghip, eCoSys c xp vo Top 50 trong s 498 c gi n t cc t chc trong lnh vc cng ti 16 quc gia. eCoSys c nh gi l mt trong nhng d n c l trnh thc hnh tt nht trong trong hot ng xy dng chnh ph in t ti chu .5 3. H thng khai thu in t H thng khai thu in t bt u c thc hin th im theo Quyt nh s 1830/Q- BTC ngy 29 thng 7 nm 2009 ca B Ti chnh. n cui nm 2011
5 Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin nm 2011
78
c khong 56.000 doanh nghip tham gia k khai thu in t, tng hn 5 ln so vi con s 10.000 doanh nghip tham gia khai thu in t vo nm 2010. Cc t chc, doanh nghip p ng nhng iu kin sau s c tham gia khai thu in t: - Cc t chc doanh nghip c cp m s thu (MST) v ang hot ng - ang thc hin lp h s khai thu bng phn mm ng dng h tr k khai t phin bn 2.1.0 tr ln do Tng cc thu cung cp min ph - c cp Chng th s ca t chc cung cp dch v chng thc ch k s cng cng c B Thng tin v truyn thng cp php hot ng - C kh nng truy cp v s dng Internet ng thi c a ch th in t lin lc n nh vi c quan thu. - Thc hin tt ngha v thu n cui nm 2011 h thng khai thu in t c trin khai ti 41 tnh thnh, tng 22 tnh so vi nm 2010. c 69.393 ngi np thu ng k dch v khai thu in t, trong c 54.364 ngi np thu thc hin k khai thu in t hng thng. Vic khai thu in t c th thc hin trc tip vi c quan thu - trn h thng iHTKK hoc qua dch v T-VAN ca bn th ba (t chc cung cp dch v gi tr gia tng v giao dch in t trong lnh vc thu). Theo s liu thng k ca Tng cc thu, c 58.785 ngi np thu ng k s dng h thng iHTKK v 51.535 ngi np thu thc hin k khai thu in t hng thng qua h thng ny. Vi phng thc khai thu in t qua dch v T-VAN, c 10.608 ngi np thu ng k v 2.829 ngi np thu thc hin k khai thu in t hng thng qua dch v ny. Tng s t khai thu in t c quan thu tip nhn l 719.176 t khai.6
Hnh II.27: Quy trnh ng k np h s khai thu qua mng ln u
NTT B phn tip nhn h s CQT
ng k s dng dch v np h s khai thu qua mng Nhn thng bo cp php np h s khai thu qua mng Nhn thng bo v vic np h s khai thu qua mng 4 ng k cc loi h s khai thu np qua mng
H s ng k np h s khai thu qua mng
Tip nhn h s ng k np h s khai thu qua mng
Phiu hn
Thng bo v vic np t khai thu qua mng
Gi tr thng bo v vic np h s khai thu qua mng
6 Thng tin do ng V Vn Trng - Ph Tng cc trng Tng cc Thu cung cpti Hi ngh h tr doanh nghip k khai thu in t, Tng cc Thu phi hp vi VCCI t chc ngy 9/12/2011 ti H Ni
Chng II Tnh hnh ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip Np h s khai thu qua mng iHTKK
NTT Tng cc thu
79
kt xut np h s khai thu theo nh dng quy nh 1 K in t vo tp h s khai thu 2 Np tp h s khai thu qua mng 2 Lu tr h s khai thu 3 Nhn tp h s khai thu qua mng
Nhn thng tin phn hi v t khai
4. H thng cp php nhp khu t ng H thng cp php nhp khu t ng c B Cng Thng bt u trin khai t nm 2008. Doanh nghip v cc n v qun l cp php nhp khu t ng c th thc hin cc giao dch ng k, np h s v cp php trn mi trng trc tuyn ti a ch www.nhapkhau.gov.vn. Thng qua h thng, doanh nghip c cung cp thng tin y v quy trnh, th tc ngh cp php, ng thi c th theo di tnh trng h s ca mnh, V Xut nhp khu c s liu nhanh chng, cp nht v s lng, chng loi, gi tr hng ha nhp khu, phc v tt cng tc iu hnh xut nhp khu hng ha. H thng trin khai trc tuyn mc 3 c ton b cc doanh nghip nhp khu thp. Cc doanh nghip nhp khu thp c th trc tip in h s t mng internet v theo di trng thi x l h s qua mng. Hin nay, H thng c 656 doanh nghip nhp khu tham gia.7 VI. TNH HNH KINH DOANH DCH V THNG MI IN T Hin nay, cc hnh thc kinh doanh qua website TMT ang pht trin mnh, vi nhiu m hnh hot ng a dng nh m hnh mua theo nhm, ch in t, rao vt, din n, mua sm trn mng x hi, sn bt ng sn, v.v im chung ln nht ca nhng m hnh ny l c nhiu ngi mua v nhiu ngi bn tham gia giao dch trn mt khng gian chung website thuc s hu v qun l ca mt thng nhn hoc t chc. Ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2010, B Cng Thng ban hnh Thng t s 46/2010/TT-BCT quy nh v qun l hot ng ca cc website TMT bn hng ha hoc cung ng dch v. Theo Thng t ny, nhng website ni trn c gi chung l sn giao dch TMT v phi tin hnh ng k vi B Cng Thng. Cc TMT v CNTT c B Cng Thng giao thc hin vic xc nhn ng k sn giao dch TMT.
7 Theo www.nhapkhau.gov.vn
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1. Tnh hnh hot ng chung ca cc doanh nghip cung cp dch v sn giao dch thng mi in t Theo thng k ca Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin, tnh n ht nm 2011 c khong 130 doanh nghip np h s ng k sn giao dch TMT, trong Cc xc nhn ng k cho 35 website sn giao dch. Cc website ng k c m hnh hot ng kh a dng, tuy nhin c th xp chung thnh mt s nhm sau: - Cc sn giao dch in t c t chc theo m hnh trung tm thng mi hoc ch in t, ni cc thnh vin c m gian hng o v c quyn qun l, cp nht thng tin, hnh nh trn cc gian hng (v d chodientu, enbac, vatgia, 123mua, v.v) - Cc website cung cp dch v kinh doanh theo nhm, ni nhiu doanh nghip c th thng qua website tin hnh hot ng truyn thng, tip th v trc tip bn hng ha, dch v cho khch hng (muachung, muare, bookdeal, v.v) - Cc website rao vt, din n, ni thnh vin c th ng k ti khon v a thng tin v nhu cu mua bn dng n gin nh tin rao vt hay ch tho lun (v d rongbay.com, nhavadat.vn, v.v)
Bng II.7: Danh sch cc sn giao dch TMT c xc nhn ng k trong nm 2011 STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Cng Ty C phn thng mi Ngc Vit Cng ty CP Truyn thng HDC Vit Nam Cng Ty TNHH Vit AZ Cng ty TNHH Thng Mi Mua Nhanh Cng ty C phn CNTT Bnh Dng Qung co kin ti (h kinh doanh c th) Cng ty TNHH T vn v Dch v K thut Cng Ngh Xanh An Giang Cng ty c phn Eastem Sun Vit Nam Cng ty C phn thng mi in t VIETNAMNAY S Cng Thng Tuyn Quang Cng ty c phn truyn thng Vit Nam
Tn Doanh Nghip
Cng ty c phn gii php phn mm Ha Bnh Cng ty C phn Vt gi Vit Nam Cng ty c phn truyn thng Vit Nam (VC Corp) Cng ty C phn VNG
a ch website
www.chodientu.vn www.vatgia.com www.muachung.vn www.enbac.com www.123mua.vn www.deal.zing.vn www.solo.vn www.rongbay.com www.muare.vn www.vipecom.vn www.az24.vn www.vietaz.com www.muanhanh.vn www.bookdeal.vn www.raovatcuatui.com www.cholongxuyen.vn www.bietgia.com www.vietnamnay.com www.santmdttuyenquang.com.vn
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20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
Cng ty CP D liu trc tuyn Ct Anh Cng ty TNHH Mt thnh vin Thng mi dch v Nava Cng ty C phn CONNEK Vit Nam S Cng Thng ng Nai Cng ty CP Cng ngh v Dch v truyn thng HINT Cng ty TNHH Xa l thng tin Cng ty TNHH TM-DV cung cp thng tin nh v t S Cng Thng Qung Ngi Trung tm Pht trin thng mi in t Cng ty CP Giao dch hng ha Si Gn Thng tn Cng ty TNHH Eplan Cng ty TNHH Bin Cng ty C phn dch v trc tuyn Vinapo Cng ty TNHH Ba Trm Su Mi Cng ty C phn xy dng v thng mi Bch ng Giang Cng ty C phn dch v Cartel Vit Nam
www.tourismonline.vn www.shop.nava.vn www.chuyennhuongdocu.com www.ecdn.com.vn www.adexchange.vn www.tieudungviet.vn www.nhavadat.vn tradequangngai.com.vn ecvn.com www.sacom-ste.com hoishopping.com trangkhuyenmai.com www.alezaa.vn www.uudaihot.vn http://chothuebds.vn www.runhau.vn
* 10 sn giao dch TMT u tin c xp theo th t doanh thu
T 35 sn giao dch TMT ng k, n cui nm 2011 Cc TMT v CNTT thng k c lu lng giao dch trc tuyn rt kh quan, vi hn 1,5 triu giao dch c ghi nhn trn 30 sn, t tng gi tr giao dch hn 4.130 t ng. Bn thn cc doanh nghip cung cp dch v sn giao dch TMT cng c doanh thu: 15 trn 30 doanh nghip c kho st bo co pht sinh doanh thu trong nm 2011, vi tng doanh thu t gn 111 t ng. Nhng con s ny cho thy dch v TMT ni chung v dch v sn giao dch TMT ang l mt hnh thc kinh doanh nhiu tim nng, m ra c hi pht trin cho c doanh nghip cung ng dch v cng nh doanh nghip s dng dch v tin hnh hot ng kinh doanh khc trn mi trng trc tuyn.
Bng II.8: Thng k hot ng cc Sn giao dch TMT c xc nhn ng k nm 2011
ng k Sn S sn np h s ng k 313 S sn c xc nhn 35 S sn b t chi 33 Thng k t Sn c xc nhn S thnh vin tham gia giao dch 3.148.000 Thnh vin S giao dch thnh cng 1.501.000 Giao dch Tng gi tr giao dch thnh cng 4.130 t VN Tng doanh thu 111 t VN
Ngun: Cc TMT v CNTT
Trong tng doanh thu ca nhng doanh nghip cung cp dch v sn giao dch TMT, ph thu t cc thnh vin tham gia sn chim ti 84% ngun doanh thu, ph thu c t cc hot ng qung co l 10% v 6% l t cc hot ng khc nh doanh thu bn hng trc tip, ph o to, ph tnh trn gi tr giao dch ca thnh vin
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Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2011 Hnh II.28: Ngun doanh thu ca cc sn giao dch TMT nm 2011
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Phi thu t thnh vin 10% Doanh thu t qung co 6% Doanh thu t hot ng khc 84%
Trong s 30 sn giao dch TMT c thng k, nu xp theo quy m doanh thu th ring 5 sn giao dch hng u chim th phn p o, vi gi tr giao dch cng gp trn 5 sn ny chim 94% tng gi tr giao dch thnh cng v doanh thu cng gp chim 86% tng doanh thu ca ton b 30 sn.8 5 sn giao dch TMT l: vatgia.com, enbac.com, muachung.vn, chodientu.vn v 123mua.vn.
Hnh II.29: Th phn tng gi tr giao dch ca cc sn TMDT nm 2011
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 5 sn TMT hng u 6% Cc sn cn li 94%
Hnh II.30: Th phn doanh thu ca cc sn TMT nm 2011

11%
5 sn TMT hng u Cc sn cn li
84%
Hp II.9: Thnh cng ca Sn giao dch in t Vt gi
Vatgia.com l mt v d thnh cng v sn giao dch thng mi in t tr, nng ng v pht trin kh vng chc trong nhng nm qua. Bt u i vo hot ng t nm 2007, n thi im cui nm 2011 Vatgia.com c khong 700.000 thnh vin ng k tham gia, vi hn 20.000 gian hng c m v tng cng trn 21 triu sn phm c a ln cho bn. Vi vic khng ngng m rng cc phng thc kinh doanh v xy dng chin lc tip th bi bn, vatgia.com ngy cng c nhiu doanh nghip v ngi tiu dng bit n. n nay website ghi nhn con s trung bnh1.200.000 ngi truy cp mi ngy. Do , trong lc th trng bn l m m, lng giao dch
8 Ngun: Thng k ca Cc TMT v CNTT, B Cng Thng
83
trc tuyn qua Vatgia ca cc gian hng vn tng. Tng gi tr giao dch thc hin trn website Vatgia nm 2011 c t hn 1.900 t ng, cha k n gi tr cc giao dch thnh cng nhng c thc hin ngoi tuyn sau khi cc bn tm hiu thng tin ng trn website. Ngun: Cng ty C phn Vt gi Vit Nam, 2011
2. M hnh kinh doanh dch v mua theo nhm Nm 2011 chng kin s n r ca mt m hnh kinh doanh TMT mi ra i v ang pht trin rt nhanh ti Vit Nam: cc website mua theo nhm. Kinh doanh dch v mua theo nhm l mt m hnh kinh doanh c hin thc ha nh ng dng phng tin in t c tnh kt ni cng ng cao nht hin nay - Internet. Vic n r loi hnh kinh doanh ny trong nm 2011 lm phong ph thm cho tr trng TMT Vit Nam, v khi thu ht c mt lng ln ngi tham gia th n cng ng thi gp phn to nn s lan ta ca ng dng TMT trong x hi. Bt u c bit n rng ri t na cui 2010 v pht trin mnh trong nm 2011, n nay cc website mua hng theo nhm tr nn quen thuc vi mt b phn ngi tiu dng ti cc thnh ph ln, c bit l gii tr, sinh vin v nhn vin vn phng. n thi im cui nm 2011, Vit Nam c xp x 100 website ang hot ng theo m hnh ny tp trung ch yu ti cc thnh ph ln nh H Ni, Tp.H Ch Minh v Nng. S pht trin ca cc website ny to nn mt xu hng mua hng mi cho ngi tiu dng, ng thi cng to nn din mo khc l v cung cch truyn thng v tip th cho hot ng thng mi bn l. Trc ht, c th coi kinh doanh dch v theo nhm l mt phng thc tip th v bn hng kiu mi, tn dng sc mnh ca TMT. Trong m hnh kinh doanh ny c 3 i tng tham gia gm cng ty cung cp hng ha hay dch v, cng ty iu hnh website mua theo nhm, v khch hng l ngi tiu dng. Trong cc phng thc kinh doanh truyn thng, khi nh gi mt sn phm hng ha hay dch v, doanh nghip thng phi dnh mt t l phn trm kh ln b p cho chi ph truyn thng v tip th. Khi bn hng ra th trng theo hnh thc mua theo nhm, cng ty cung ng dch v, hng ha s tit kim c khon chi ph truyn thng, tip th ny v c th dnh khon chi ph ng ra phi mt chia s li cho khch hng v cng ty kinh doanh dch v nhm mua, bng cch h gi bn vi khch hng v chia hoa hng cho cng ty. M hnh kinh doanh ny c nhiu u im. Th nht, n em li cho doanh nghip bn hng ha v dch v mt knh truyn thng v tip th mi, gip tng khi lng bn v doanh thu; c bit vi nhng doanh nghip mi, cn t c bit n trn th trng, hoc c nhng doanh nghip lu nm nhng vo cc giai on thp im ca chu k kinh doanh. Th hai, n em li cho ngi tiu dng c hi mua hng ha, dch v vi gi gim. Th ba, em li doanh thu cho doanh nghip s hu website mua theo nhm.
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Thng k ti trang dealcuatui.com cung cp s liu thng k c tng hp t 15 website mua hng theo nhm ph bin nht ti Vit Nam9, tng doanh thu ca nhm 15 website ny l hn 673 t VN, tng s tin khch hng tit kim c ln ti 1.275 t VN, tng s giao dch c thc hin l 6.722 giao dch, v 4.285.775 voucher gim gi.10
Hnh II.31: Thng k doanh s t cc website mua theo nhm

Thng k theo Doang s (Th trng: Tt c)
Thi gian: Tt c: Tng hp bi dealcuatui.com Doanh s 240,505 178,019 98,976 89,716 13,963 11,200 9,799 8,320 6,650 5.590 2,995 2,832 2,404 1,080 1,055 Deal statistics provide by dealcuatui.com n v: triu VN Th phn 35,73% 26,45% 14,70% 13,33% 2,07% 1,66% 1,46% 1,24% 0.99% 0.83% 0.45% 0.42% 0.36% 0.16% 0.16% Tng doanh s: 673,104 t VN hotdeal.vn muachung.vn
Website 1. nhommua.com 2. hotdeal.vn 3. muachung.vn 4. cungmua.com 5. runhau.vn 6. cucre.vn 7. dealsoc.vn 8. 51deal.vn 9. deal.zing.vn 10. khuyenmaivang.vn 11. vinadeal.vn 12. phagia.com.vn 13. diadiemvang.net 14. necdeal.com 15. gooddeal.vn
cungmua.co
nhommua.com
Tuy nhin, th trng dch v mua theo nhm hin cng ang chng kin s phn ha mnh gia cc doanh nghip tham gia. Theo thng k ni trn, xt v doanh s th hin 4 website hng u ang nm gi ti 90% th phn v kinh doanh dch v mua theo nhm. Cc website l nhommua.com (36%), hotdeal.vn (26%), muachung.vn (15%), v cungmua.com (13%). V khi lng giao dch, 4 website ny cng chim gn 70% s cc giao dch c tin hnh v hn 80% s cc voucher c bn ra ca ton th trng.
Bng II.9: Thng k tnh hnh hot ng ca mt s website hng u v kinh doanh dch v mua theo nhm
Tn Sn giao dch Nhommua.com Hotdeal Muachung.vn Cungmua.com S giao dch 23% 16% 15% 14% S Voucher 39% 25% 13% 11% Th phn 36% 26% 15% 13%
Cc s liu nu trn c th cho thy xu hng tp trung ha khng xa trong tng lai, khi mt s doanh nghip c th phn ln, vi khi lng giao dch v doanh thu cao s c u th vt tri tn ti v tip tc pht trin trong bi cnh cnh tranh gay gt. Bn cnh , vic nhiu doanh nghip t xy dng cc website kinh doanh dch v nhm mua thi gian qua m thiu s u t nghim tc v chin
9 15 website bao gm c website c v cha c xc nhn ng k Sn giao dch TMT 10 Ngun: Tp ch Nhp sng s, s Xun 2012
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lc kinh doanh cng bt u bc l mt s yu im m doanh nghip cn c bit lu khi theo ui m hnh kinh doanh ny: - Nhiu doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v nhm mua khng thit lp c mng li i tc ln nn s lng hng ha v dch v qung co trn website ngho nn, khng hp dn c ngi tiu dng. - Mt s doanh nghip cha ch trng ng mc tnh r rng, trung thc v minh bch ca thng tin. Cn nhiu hin tng thiu minh bch khi qung co v mc khuyn mi, thm ch c doanh nghip c tnh i gi ca sn phm ln trc khi khuyn mi khin ngi tiu dng tng lm v mc gim gi c hng. - Cht lng hng ha v dch v cng l vn c nhiu ngi tiu dng phn nh. Do khng phi l n v trc tip cung ng hng ha v dch v n ngi tiu dng, doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v nhm mua khng kim sot c cht lng hng ha v dch v. Tuy nhin, nu doanh nghip khng c c ch phi hp vi i tc gii quyt hp l cc khiu ni v cht lng ca ngi tiu dng th v lu di iu ny s lm tn hi n uy tnh ca chnh doanh nghip. Cng nh mi hnh thc kinh doanh khc, th trng s to nn c ch t o thi loi b nhng doanh nghip khng thch ng tt hay p ng ng nhu cu ca khch hng. Vic mt s website kinh doanh dch v theo nhm phi ng ca cng l iu khng th trnh khi trong thi gian ti, nu doanh nghip khng xc nh c nhng phn khc th trng cn tim nng khai thc, khng xy dng c mng li i tc mnh lm phong ph cho danh mc sn phm ca mnh, hay khng bit gi ch tn i vi khch hng. Tuy nhin, nhng doanh nghip lm n c uy tn, xy dng c ch ng vng chc trn th trng, nm th phn ln v c chin lc kinh doanh bi bn, khng ngng hon thin mnh th s vn c hi pht trin. V nhu cu i vi dch v ny l nhu cu c thc ca th trng, nhn t c gc ngi bn mun tip th, phn phi sn phm ca mnh cng nh ngi mua mun c tiu dng cc hng ha, dch v vi gi tt. Sau y l mt s khuyn ngh vi cc doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v nhm mua c th ng vng v tip tc pht trin trong bi cnh th trng cnh tranh ngy cng gay gt nh hin nay: - Tun th nghim tc cc quy nh php lut v TMT, khuyn mi v bo v ngi tiu dng. - C phng n kinh doanh chi tit, xc nh c nhng phn khc th trng cn tim nng khai thc. - Gi ch tn bng cch gii quyt khiu ni ca khch hng mt cch cng bng v hp l. - C c ch phi hp vi i tc m bo cht lng hng ha, dch v ng nh cam kt.
86
- a thng tin v hng ha/dch v cng nh gi c, mc khuyn mi mt cch r rng, minh bch, tuyt i khng bp mo thng tin hoc a thng tin lp l gy hiu nhm cho khch hng. - a dng ha danh mc sn phm ca mnh bng cch khng ngng pht trin mng li i tc cung cp hng ha, dch v. - Khi th trng ngy cng nhiu i th cnh tranh, vic gi chn khch hng l rt quan trng, cn xy dng cc chng trnh chm sc khch hng v tri n khch hng trung thnh. - i su khai thc hn na th mnh ca TMT, c th l nhng cng c marketing trc tuyn c kh nng c bit ha theo nhu cu khch hng. Tip cn tng khch hng bng thng tin cp nht v nhng loi hng ha, dch v m c nhn khch hng quan tm, nh vy tng kh nng bn c hng ha v dch v. 3. Mt s m hnh kinh doanh mang danh ngha TMT nhng tim n nhiu ri ro Trong thi gian gn y, c quan qun l nh nc v TMT nhn c phn nh ca cc t chc v c nhn v mt s doanh nghip hot ng i danh ngha TMT nhng thc cht l tin hnh kinh doanh dch v theo m hnh a cp. Cch thc hot ng in hnh ca nhng doanh nghip dng ny l thit lp mt website cung cp dch v sn giao dch TMT, trn cho php nhng thnh vin np tin c m mt gian hng o gii thiu, qung b sn phm hng ha, dch v; cc thnh vin t chu trch nhim a v qun tr thng tin gn vi gian hng ca mnh. Sau khi ng mt khon ph ban u th bn cnh vic c m gian hng o trn website, mi thnh vin c thm quyn li l gii thiu nhng ngui khc tham gia mua gian hng o v hng hoa hng cho mi hp ng m mnh gii thiu. li ko ngi tham gia, cc doanh nghip thng ha hn nhng mc thu nhp rt cao t vic pht trin mng li gian hng, theo tng s tin hoa hng mt ngi c th c hng (c trc tip v gin tip t nhng gian hng bn c theo cc tng tip th bn di) c qung co ln n vi trm triu ng. Do mc hoa hng hp dn v c ch phn chia hoa hng a cp, phn ln nhng ngi np ph mua gian hng o trn website u hng ti mc tiu thu li nhun t hot ng gii thiu, li ko ngi khc tham gia thay v tin hnh kinh doanh trn nhng gian hng ny. Kt qu l a s gian hng trn cc website dng ny u l gian hng trng, khng c thng tin g v ch gian hng cng nh sn phm cn bn. Cc doanh nghip li dng danh ngha hot ng TMT nh trn thu li t vic li ko ngi tham gia website, trong khi khng tp trung nng cao cht lng thng tin trn website, ang lm tn hi ti lng tin ca cng ng, cn tr s pht trin ca TMT. Ngi tiu dng cn ht sc thn trng khi tham gia nhng website dng ny, cc c quan qun l nh nc cng cn nghin cu, gim st cht ch nhng mt tiu cc v kp thi c cc bin php qun l ph hp hn ch thit hi cho ngi tiu dng.
CHNG III
THANH TON IN T
88
Thanh ton in t l mt iu kin cn ca TMT. TMT kh c th pht huy c ht u im ca mnh khi cha c h thng thanh ton in t vi nng lc mnh. Tc pht trin ca TMT Vit Nam trong nhng nm qua ang t ra nhu cu v mt h thng thanh ton in t hin i h tr doanh nghip v ngi tiu dng tn dng ti a li ch ca phng thc kinh doanh mi ny. I. MT S VN H TNG CHO THANH TON IN T Trc nm 2005, hot ng thanh ton in t ch b hp trong phm vi giao dch gia cc ngn hng v cn thiu s lin kt, trin khai ng b. T nm 2006 ti nay, rt nhiu hot ng c trin khai nhm nng cao nng lc ca h thng thanh ton, a dng ha i tng tham gia v tng cng tnh lin kt gia cc nh cung cp dch v. H tng k thut cng nh khung kh php l dn c hon thin t c s vng chc cho s pht trin cc phng thc thanh ton in t thi gian qua. 1. D n hin i ha ngn hng v h thng thanh ton Ti Quyt nh s 222/2005/Q-TTg, Ngn hng nh nc (NHNN) c Chnh ph giao ch tr thc hin D n Hin i ha ngn hng v h thng thanh ton do Ngn hng th gii ti tr. Sau khi hon thnh giai on 1 t nm 1997 n 2002, giai on 2 ca D n c trin khai t thng 6/2005 n 30/6/2011 v bao gm 5 tiu d n, trong c 01 tiu d n do NHNN trc tip qun l (D n thanh ton in t lin ngn hng). 04 tiu d n cn li c trin khai ti cc ngn hng thng mi l Ngn hng Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thng Vit Nam; Ngn hng TMCP Hng Hi; Ngn hng u t v Pht trin Vit Nam v Ngn hng TMCP Cng thng Vit Nam. Sau 5 nm trin khai D n Hin i ha ngn hng v h thng thanh ton giai on 2 t c mt s kt qu c th: - Ngn hng Nh nc Vit Nam thit lp c 01 h thng thanh ton xng sng vi 3 cu phn: lung thanh ton gi tr cao (cung cp dch v thanh ton trc tuyn tng tc thi); lung thanh ton gi tr thp (cung cp dch v thanh ton theo l); x l quyt ton vn. H thng thanh ton in t lin ngn hng c trin khai m rng ti 63 NHNN chi nhnh tnh, thnh ph, 03 n v thuc NHNN, kt ni 94 TCTD vi 787 chi nhnh trn phm vi ton quc, trung bnh x l 80.000 giao dch/ ngy vi gi tr trn 100.000 t ng v thi gian x l l 10 giy/giao dch; - Cc ngn hng thng mi tham gia d n c h tr hon thin h thng core banking, 100% cc chi nhnh ngn hng tham gia d n trin khai thnh cng h thng core banking, b sung thm cc module nghip v, cung cp cho khch hng nhiu dch v tin ch hn, nng cao hiu bit v cng ngh thng tin. c bit c t chc tn dng trin khai gn 1000 chi nhnh vi trn 2 triu giao dch/ ngy. S thnh cng ca d n c nhng tc ng tch cc, xt trn 3 phng din:
Chng III Thanh ton in t
89
- i vi nn kinh t, xy dng c mt h tng cng ngh tin tin, thc y nhanh pht trin cc sn phm dch v, tin ch ngn hng hin i, y nhanh thanh ton khng dng tin mt, tng tc chu chuyn vn ca nn kinh t, p ng nhu cu pht trin kinh t trong thi k mi; - i vi cc ngn hng thng mi tham gia d n c iu kin i mi cng ngh, chun ha cc quy trnh nghip v theo chun quc t, chuyn t m hnh qun l phn tn sang qun l tp trung mt ti khon ti hi s chnh, cung cp dch v ngn hng hin i, giao dch online; - i vi ton ngnh Ngn hng, to dng c mt mt bng k thut cng ngh, nghip v hin i p ng nhu cu pht trin, h tr cng tc qun nh nc trong lnh vc ngn hng, nm bt c cc thng tin v dng chung chuyn vn ca c nn kinh t phc v cho cng tc qun l v iu hnh. 2. Bo mt an ton trong thanh ton in t Cng vi s pht trin nhanh v a dng ca cc phng thc giao dch in t thi gian qua, nhng nguy c v an ninh thng tin trong mi trng in t cng gia tng nhanh chng. Cc gii php v m bo an ton thng tin, bo mt cho doanh nghip khi tham gia giao dch, thanh ton trn mi trng trc tuyn c v mt k thut cng nh php l ang tr nn cp thit. Mt s gii php k thut bo mt nh ma trn dy s hay token c cc t chc p dng, tuy nhin nhng bin php ny ch c kh nng xc thc thng tin ngi dng ti thi im giao dch m cha m bo c cc yu t chng chi b, bo mt cho giao dch v ton vn d liu do cha c s m bo tnh php l, x l khi c tranh chp. Ch k s l gii php ti u c vai tr nh mt ch k v con du trong giy t, vn bn tryn thng nhng c thc hin trong mi trng in t, y cng l gii php va m bo tnh chp php l, va m bo cc vn k thut an ninh.
n ht nm 2011, c 6 n v c cp php cung cp dch v chng thc ch k s cng cng ti Vit Nam l Tp on Bu chnh Vin thng VNPT. Tp on vin thng qun i Viettel, Cng ty An ninh mng Bkav, Cng ty Cng ngh th Nacencomm, Cng ty H thng thng tin FPT PIS v Cng ty Cng ngh v Truyn thng CK.
SSL - Giao thc bo mt ng truyn ng dng cng ngh ch k s - hin l cng c bo mt c cc ngn hng ng dng ph bin nht khi trin khai cc dch v ngn hng trc tuyn qua Internet. Trn th gii hin c hn 10 nh cung cp dch v chng thc ch k s quc t thng dng c lit k theo mc ng dng ph bin bi 100 nh bn l ton cu, bao gm: VeriSign, Globalsign,Thawte, Network Solutions, GoDaddy, Dotster, Geotrust, Digicert, Cybertrust, Comodo, Akamai... Ti Vit Nam, theo thng k tham kho t Netcraft, c hn 500 chng th s SSL cho my ch c cc doanh nghip Vit Nam s dng. Trong , cc thng hiu ph
90
bin l Verisign (khi ngn hng), GlobalSign (khi chng khon, TMT), GeoTrust v Entrust.
Bng III.1: Thng k s lng ngn hng n 31/12/2011 (*)
Loi ngn hng NH Chnh sch NH Thng mi c phn NH Lin doanh NH Thng mi nh nc NH 100% vn nc ngoi Tng (*) khng bao gm chi nhnh ngn hng nc ngoi ti Vit Nam Ngun: Ngn hng Nh nc www.sbv.gov.vn S lng 1 35 4 5 5 50
Theo thng tin do Ngn hng Nh nc cng b, n cui thng 12/2011 c tng s 50 ngn hng ang hot ng trn th trng Vit Nam (bao gm cc ngn hng thng mi nh nc, ngn hng chnh sch, ngn hng thng mi c phn, ngn hng lin doanh v ngn hng 100% vn nc ngoi). Kho st ca Cc TMT v CNTT cho thy c 45 ngn hng trin khai h thng giao dch trc tuyn cc mc khc nhau. Trong s 45 ngn hng ny, c ti 36 n v ng dng chng th s SSL (a phn do ca VeriSign cung cp).
Hnh III.1: Thng k tnh hnh s dng chng th s SSL trong lnh vc ngn hng ti Vit Nam
9%
S NH c giao dch trc tuyn v c SSL S NH c giao dch trc tuyn v cha c SSL S NH khng c giao dch trc tuyn
5%
86%
Ngun: Kho st Cc TMT v CNTT, B Cng Thng 12/2011
Trong nm 2011, B Thng tin v Truyn thng t chc Hi tho Tng tc CAv chp nhn chng th s nc ngoi11 ly kin rng ri v vn tng tc gia cc CA trong nc v nc ngoi, t nghin cu nhng chnh sch ph hp cho vic qun l v pht trin cc ng dng ca ch k s do t chc nc ngoi cung cp trn lnh th Vit Nam.
11 CA: Nh cung cp dch v chng thc in t - Certificate Authority
Chng III Thanh ton in t Bng III.2: Danh sch cc ngn hng c Chng th s SSL
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Tn ngn hng NH TMCP Ngoi thng NH Nng nghip NH Cng thng VN NH Si Gn thng tn NH Chu NH ANZ NH Quc t NH Si Gn Cng thng NH Xut nhp khu NH Si Gn NH Vit NH Phng Nam NH Hng Hi NH Si Gn - H Ni NH K thng NH ng NH An Bnh NH Phng ng NH VN Thnh Vng NH Xng du NH ng Nam NH Nam NH Qun i NH Bc NH Pht trin TP HCM NH Du kh ton cu NH Nam Vit NH i Dng NH i NH Phng Ty NH i Tn NH Lin Vit NH Tin Phong NH Bo Vit NH u t v pht trin Vit Nam NH HSBC Tn ngc ngoi Vietcombank Agribank Vietinbank Sacombank ACB ANZ VIB Saigonbank Eximbank SCB Vietabank Southern bank Maritime Bank SHB Techcombank Dong A Bank ABBank OCB Vpbank PGbank SeABank Nam A Bank MB Bac A Bank HDBank GP Bank NaViBank OCEAN Bank ai A Bank Western Bank Great Trust Bank Lin Viet Bank TienPhong Bank Bao Viet Bank BIDV HSBC
91
92
Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2011 Hp III.1: c im ca mt website ngn hng c s dng Chng th s SSL
- Thanh a ch trnh duyt ca website chuyn sang mu xanh l cy - http thng thng chuyn thnh https bo hiu trnh duyt kt ni vi my ch s dng Chng th s
II. DCH V THANH TON IN T TI VIT NAM Vi nhng bc tin ca h tng k thut cho thanh ton in t nh ni trn, cc dch v thanh ton in t thi gian qua pht trin kh nhanh, vi nhiu phng tin thanh ton tin li, p ng nhu cu a dng ca khch hng. Th trng dch v thanh ton ang tr nn cnh tranh hn khi i tng tham gia cung ng dch v khng ch gii hn ngn hng m c m rng sang cc t chc khc nh cc cng ty cung cp gii php thanh ton. 1. S pht trin ca th trng th - tin cho thanh ton in t ti Vit Nam y mnh thanh ton khng dng tin mt l mt trong nhng nhim v trng tm v pht trin kinh t x hi c Chnh ph c bit ch trng thi gian qua. n thanh ton khng dng tin mt giai on 2006-2010 v nh hng n nm 2020 (ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 291/2006/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph vo thng 12/2006) t mc tiu gim lng tin mt trong lu thng v a dng ha cc phng tin thanh ton khng dng tin mt. Trong nhng gii php a ra, vic pht trin th trng th thanh ton l mu cht quan trng, t tin cho vic trin khai cc dch v thanh ton hin i trn nn tng ng dng CNTT v TMT.
Hnh III.2: T trng thanh ton khng dng tin mt tng phng tin thanh ton giai on 2001 2010 (%)
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 23.7 2.73 22.55 22.03 20.35
18.13 17.21 15.36
14.6 15.25
15.1
Ngun: tng hp t Bo co ca Ngn hng Nh nc qua cc nm
93
Vi ch trng v quyt tm ca Chnh ph, trong 5 nm qua s lng th ngn hng ti Vit Nam tng trng nhanh, tr thnh mt phng tin thanh ton ph bin. Tnh n ngy 30 thng 6 nm 2011, c tng s 49 ngn hng pht hnh th, trong 18 ngn hng pht hnh th ghi n quc t v 17 ngn hng pht hnh th tn dng quc t, vi trn 200 thng hiu th khc nhau. Nu nh nm 2006, ton th trng mi c khong gn 5 triu th th n thng 6 nm 2011 c ti gn 36 triu th, cao gp 7 ln so vi 5 nm trc, trong gn 90% l th ghi n ni a vi t cch l mt knh huy ng vn rt hiu qu ca cc ngn hng. Tng s th quc t t trn 2 triu th, trong c hn 1,2 triu th ghi n quc t v gn 800 nghn th tn dng quc t. Th tr trc cng xut hin trong mt vi nm li y, tnh n thng 6 nm 2011 l hn 900 nghn th, chim hn 2,5% tng s th ton th trng.12
Hnh III.3: Thng k s th ngn hng pht hnh qua cc nm
Triu 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 5.0 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 Nm 9.2 14.2 21.6 30.7 36.0
Ngun: s liu do Ngn hng Nh nc cng b ti a ch www.sbv.gov.vn
C s h tng phc v thanh ton th cng c ci thin ng k vi hn 12.000 my ATM c lp t trn ton quc, tng hn 4 ln so vi nm 2006 v khong 62.000 thit b chp nhn th (POS) ang hot ng, tng gn 6 ln so vi nm 2006.13
Hnh III.4: S lng ATM v POS qua cc nm
70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 14,000 2,154 4,300 7,600 23,000 25,000 9,700 10,549 12,082 34,000 41,342 ATM POS 61,382
6/2006 6/2007 6/2008 6/2009 6/2010 6/2011

Ngun: Tng hp t Bo co ca Ngn hng nh nc qua cc nm
12 - 13
Ngun: Ngn hng Nh nc, 2011
94
Mt im ng lu ca vic pht trin th thanh ton thi gian qua l xu hng tp trung th trng ang dn r nt, th hin qua vic 5 trn tng s 49 ngn hng nm gi gn 80% th phn th thanh ton ca ton quc.
Hnh III.5: Th phn th ca nm ngn hng pht hnh th hng u nm 2010
8.6% 20.1% 16.9% BIDV Khc AgriBank Dong A Bank VietinBank VietComBank
18.1% 16.1%
20.2%
Ngun: Hi th ngn hng Vit Nam, 2010
Ngn hng TMCP Ngoi thng Vit Nam (Vietcombank) l mt in hnh thnh cng v ng dng cng ngh hin i vo x l t ng cc dch v ngn hng,ng thi cng l mt trong nhng ngn hng nm th phn th thanh ton ln nht ti Vit nam. Tnh n nm 2010, Vietcombank pht hnh hn 5 triu th cc loi, chim 30% th phn th ghi n, 30% th phn th tn dng quc t v 18% lng th ATM ca ton th trng. Doanh s s dng v thanh ton th u tng mnh, c bit doanh s thanh ton th tn dng quc t tng ti 30,7% so vi nm 2009. Cng trong nm 2010, Vietcombank pht trin h thng Autobank vi gn 16.300 my ATM v im chp nhn thanh ton th (POS) trn ton quc tng ng vi 14% th phn ATM v 26% th phn POS so vi c nc.14
Bng III.3: Mi ngn hng dn u v s lng th nm 2010
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Tn Ngn hng NH Nng nghip NH Cng thng VN NH TMCP Ngoi thng NH ng NH u t v PT VN NH K thng NH Chu NH Quc t NH Si Gn thng tn NH Qun i Tng s th 6,388,126 5,736,424 5,353,190 5,091,396 2,734,663 1,184,496 682,348 623,729 589,786 398,479 Th ghi n ni a 5,692,479 5,577,543 4,701,731 5,085,046 2,715,570 1,097,333 183,873 592,689 368,222 398,402 Th ghi n quc t 46,684 446,296 62,898 404,451 109,290 Th tn dng quc t 12,068 158,881 197,346 6,350 19,093 24,265 67,059 31,040 33,606 Th khc 636,895 7,817 26,965 78,668 -
Ngun: Smartlink, nm 2011
14 Ngun: Bo co thng nin 2010, Vietcombank
95
Trc thi im nm 2010, cc ngn hng pht hnh th c tp hp trong 3 lin minh th khc nhau l Banknetvn, Smartlink v VNBC. Mc ch ca mi lin minh nhm lin kt h thng thanh ton ca cc ngn hnh thnh vin, gip th ca mt ngn hng c th s dng trn thit b ATM ca nhng ngn hng khc trong cng lin minh. Tuy nhin, vic thiu kt ni gia 3 h thng ny phn no vn to ra s phn tn ca th trng th Vit Nam. n cui nm 2010, ba lin minh th Banknetvn, Smartlink v VNBC hon thnh kt ni lin thng h thng ATM trn phm vi ton quc. y l bc tin rt quan trng hng ti mt th trng th thng sut v ng nht, tng tnh tin dng cho ngi dng th v nng cao hiu qu hot ng ca h thng thanh ton ni chung ti Vit Nam. Tip ni vic lin thng ton b mng li ATM, NHNN ch o cc cng ty chuyn mch, cc ngn hng thng mi trin khai lm im kt ni lin thng h thng POS ca 8 ngn hng thng mi trn a bn H Ni v 15 ngn hng thng mi trn a bn TP . H Ch Minh, qua ch th ca cc ngn hng ny c th s dng th thanh ton ti POS ca cc ngn hng cn li ti cc n v chp nhn th c chn lm im trn a bn H Ni v TP . H Ch Minh. Vic trin khai th im thanh ton th qua POS trn a bn H Ni c tc ng tch cc n cc n v chp nhn th, ngi s dng v c nhn thc, nh hng pht trin dch v ca cc ngn hng, qua to tin quan trng cho vic pht trin thanh ton th qua POS trong thi gian ti. 2. Cc dch v thanh ton in t do ngn hng cung cp Bn cnh s pht trin nhanh ca th trng th v cc phng thc thanh ton ng dng th, trong 5 nm qua nhiu dch v thanh ton mi, hin i khc trn c s ng dng cng ngh cao nh Internet Banking, Mobile Banking, SMS Banking, Home Banking, V in t xut hin v ang i dn vo cuc sng, ph hp vi xu th pht trin chung ca th gii. Mt s dch v ngn hng hin i ang c s dng ph bin hin nay bao gm: 2.1. Thanh ton qua POS y l hnh thc thanh ton khng dng tin mt thng qua vic s dng kt ni gia thit b c th (POS) vi ngn hng pht hnh th. Qua , h thng t ng trch tin t ti khon ca ngi mua tr cho ngi bn. S dng hnh thc ny ch th c th thanh ton tin hng ha dch v, rt tm ng tin mt ti bt k im chp nhn th no. 2.2. My rt tin t ng hay my giao dch t ng ATM Thit b ngn hng giao dch t ng vi khch hng, thc hin vic nhn dng khch hng thng qua th ATM (th ghi n, th tn dng) hay cc thit b tng
96
thch, gip khch hng thc hin cc giao dch thng thng vi ngn hng nh kim tra ti khon, rt tin mt, chuyn khon, thanh ton tin hng ha dch v. 2.3. Internet Banking y l dch v ngn hng qua Internet, ch cn mt chic my tnh hay mt thit b in t cm tay c truy cp Internet cng vi m truy cp do ngn hng cung cp, ngi truy cp c th thc hin cc giao dch vi ngn hng. Nu nm 2004, mi ch c 3 ngn hng tham gia cung cp dch v ngn hng trc tuyn, th n nm 2007 con s ny ln n 18 ngn hng v cho n thi im cui nm 2011 c ti 45 ngn hng cung cp dch v Internet Banking, chim 90% trong tng s 50 ngn hng ang hot ng ti Vit Nam. Vi dch v ngn hng trc tuyn khch hng c th truy cp thng tin ti khon, xem s d ti khon, tra cu ti khon theo thi gian hay tra cu thng tin ca cc loi th tn dng, th ghi n mt cch thun tin, an ton v nhanh chng hn.
Bng III.4: S lng ngn hng trin khai Internet Banking qua cc nm
Nm 2004 2005 2007 2008 2011 S lng ngn hng 3 5 18 25 45
*S liu do Cc TMT v CNTT, B Cng Thng, tp hp t nhiu ngun
tham gia, khch hng ng k vi ngn hng s dng dch v ny c cp mt khu v tn truy cp. Vi my tnh kt ni Internet, bt c u hay vo bt c thi im no, khch hng cng c th truy cp vo website ca ngn hng c cung cp thng tin, thc hin cc giao dch ti chnh. Khch hng cng c th truy cp vo cc website khc mua hng v thc hin thanh ton thng qua ngn hng. Tng t vi Internet Banking, Home Banking l sn phm c tnh bo mt cao nh hot ng trn mng thng tin lin lc cc b gia ngn hng v khch hng (mng Intranet) cho php khch hng thc hin hu ht cc giao dch chuyn khon vi ngn hng m khng cn n ngn hng.
97
Bng III.5: Minh ha cc gii php thanh ton v dch v ngn hng in t ca mt ngn hng Techcombank
- Thanh ton ha n, hng ha dch v trc tuyn Dch v Ngn hng trc tuyn c nhn F@st i-bank - Chuyn khon trong v ngoi h thng Techcombank - Gi tit kim trc tuyn, vay trc tuyn - Truy vn thng tin ti khon, sao k giao dch, n th tn dng - Dch v h tr trc tuyn Dch v Ngn hng di ng F@st-mobipay Dch v truy vn thng tin qua email, in thoi, SMS F@ st-homebanking H thng F@ st-ATM v h thng im chp nhn thanh ton POS - Qun l ti khon, ti khon vay v th trn in thoi di ng vi phn mm OTAC - Thanh ton ha n, mua hng online, chuyn tin, truy vn thng tin, xem t gi, thanh ton qua SMS nh F@st-mobipay - Qun l thng tin ti khon qua in thoi, knh in thoi tng tc thun tin nht - Nhn thng tin ti khon qua SMS, email, h tr tng i min ph 24/7 - Rt tin mt v chuyn khon ti gn 1200 my ATM ca Techcombank v hn 11.000 my ATM thuc h thng lin minh Banknet, VNBC, Smartlink - Thanh ton cc v ha n trn my ATM - Thanh ton ti hn 2000 im chp nhn thanh ton bng th Techcombank (POS) - Thanh ton online, chuyn khon trong v ngoi Techcombank Dch v Ngn hng trc tuyn - Dch v thu h - Qun l ti khon v dng tin - Theo di cc khon vay - ng k L/C Dch v truy vn Qun l thng tin ti khon qua in thoi tin li, knh in thng tin qua tin thoi tng tc nhanh chng, an ton nhn, in thoi - Nhn thng tin ti khon qua SMS, email, h tr tng i 24/7 di ng, SMS
NHT cho khch hng c nhn F@ st-banking
NHT cho khch hng doanh nghip F@st e-bank
Hnh III.6:. T l cc ngn hng trin khai dch v Internet banking v SMS banking nm 2011
Internet Banking SMS Banking 18%
10%
90%
82%
Khng
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2.4. Mobile banking thch ng vi s pht trin ca mng thng tin di ng, cc ngn hng Vit Nam nhanh chng a ra th trng sn phm Mobile Banking sn phm cung cp thng tin ngn hng qua in thoi di dng. Khng ch thc hin chc nng truy cp thng tin hay thc hin cc giao dch thng thng, khch hng cn c th thc hin chc nng thanh ton khi vo cc siu th, ca hng hay khi i du lch trong nc. Hn th na, vi quy trnh Mobile Banking, khch hng cn c th nhn c thng tin t ngn hng bng cch gi tin nhn (SMS Banking) yu cu n s in thoi quy c ca ngn hng nhn li tin nhn tr li.
Hnh III.7: M hnh Mobile Banking
Ngun: Smartlink
Theo kt qu kho st ca Cc TMT v CNTT nm 2011, trong tng s 50 ngn hnghin ang hot ng, c 41 ngn hng (chim 82%) cung cp dch v Mobile Banking, Tuy nhin dch v ny phn ln ch dng mc truy vn thng tin chung ca ngn hng v thng tin ti khon qua knh SMS. Mi khi c giao dch thc hin trn ti khon ca mnh, tng i ca ngn hng s t ng gi tin nhn thng bo n in thoi di ng ca khch hng.
Hp III.2: Thanh ton v my bay ca Jetstar Pacific qua in thoi di ng Hng hng khng Jestar Pacific ln u tin p dng hnh thc thanh ton v my bay qua in thoi di ng t ngy 27 thng 12 nm 2011. Hnh thc thanh ton ny c trin khai bi s phi hp gia Jetstar Pacific v cc i tc OnePay, VinaPhone v Cng ty Dch v Di ng Trc tuyn (M-Service).15 dng phng thc thanh ton ny, khch hng c th n Ngn hng Vietcombank hoc Vietinbank ng k dch v Momo kt ni ti khon ngn hng thanh ton v my bay. Sau , hnh khch c th ng k v bng cch gi in thoi n tng i hoc truy cp vo website ca hng t ch. Sau khi c m t ch, khch hng s dng in thoi di ng thanh ton tin v thng qua v tin in t Momo c ci t trn in thoi (v in t MoMo c th c ci n gin bng cch ci ng dng qua tin nhn). Hin nay, cng ngh dch v thanh ton ny c trin khai hn ch qua thu bao di ng Vinaphone, trong thi gian ti s trin khai n cc thu bao di ng khc.
15 Ngun: eBank.vnexpress.net, 2011
Chng III Thanh ton in t Bng III.6: Thng k cc dch v ngn hng in t vo cui thng 12/2011
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Ngn hng NH TMCP Ngoi thng NH Nng nghip NH u t v PT VN NH Cng thng VN NH Pht trin nh ng Bng Sng C Long NH Ngn hng Chnh sch x hi Vit Nam NH Si Gn thng tn NH Qun i NH Quc t NH Si Gn Cng thng NH Xut nhp khu NH Si Gn NH Vit NH Phng Nam NH Hng Hi NH Si Gn - H Ni NH K thng NH ng NH An Bnh NH Phng ng NH VN Thnh Vng NH Xng du NH ng Nam NH Nh H Ni NH Chu NH Bc NH Nam NH Pht trin TP .HCM NH Bn Vit NH Phng Ty NH Du kh ton cu NH Nam Vit NH Kin Long NH i Dng x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Internet Banking x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Mobile banking x x x x -
99
100 Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2011
35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
NH i NH i Tn NH Bu in Lin Vit NH Tin Phong NH Pht trin M Kng NH Vit Nam Thng tn NH bo Vit NH VID Public Bank NH Indovinabank limited NH Vit Thi NH Vit Nga NH HSBC NH Standard Chartered NH ANZ NH Hong Leong NH Shinhan Vietnam
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Ngun: Kho st Cc TMT & CNTT, B Cng Thng thng 12/2011
S pht trin nhanh ca cc dch v thanh ton thi gian qua to thun li cho vic mua bn, thanh ton hng ha/dch v qua nhiu phng tin in t khc nhau (Internet, in thoi di ng, ATM, v.v), gip y mnh ng dng TMT trong cng ng dn c. Ngoi ra, s tham gia ngy cng su rng ca cc t chc chuyn cung cp gii php, trung gian h tr thanh ton v s lin kt gia cc t chc ny vi ngn hng, doanh nghip vin thng ang c hnh thnh cng gp phn hon thin thm mt bc c s h tng cho thanh ton in t ti Vit Nam. 3. Cc dch v trung gian thanh ton ng dng thanh ton in t Theo nh ngha ti Khon 10, iu 6 Lut Ngn hng Nh nc nm 2010: Dch v trung gian thanh ton l hot ng lm trung gian kt ni, truyn dn v x l d liu in t cc giao dch thanh ton gia t chc cung ng dch v thanh ton v ngi s dng dch v thanh ton. Hin nay, theo nghin cu ca Ngn hng Nh nc th cc dch v trung gian thanh ton ti Vit Nam bao gm 3 loi dch v ch yu sau: 3.1 Dch v chuyn mch ti chnh L dch v lm trung gian kt ni, x l, truyn dn d liu giao dch thng qua ATM, POS v cc knh in t khc gia cc ngn hng vi nhau hoc gia cc t
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chc cung ng dch v chuyn mch ti chnh; thc hin vic trao i, i chiu d liu bng in t v b tr cc ngha v ti chnh pht sinh i vi cc giao dch thanh ton thng qua ATM, POS v cc knh in t khc, gi kt qu b tr cho Ngn hng Nh nc hoc ngn hng c Ngn hng Nh nc chp thun thc hin vic quyt ton.
Hnh III.8: M hnh dch v chuyn mch ti chnh
NGN HNG B T CHC CHUYN MCH TI CHNH (ATM/POS) NGN HNG A
H THNG ATM
H THNG POS
H THNG POS
H THNG ATM
KHCH HNG NH A
KHCH HNG NH A
KHCH HNG NH B
KHCH HNG NH B
Trn thc t, dch v ny th hin qua vic kt ni h tng v truyn cc lnh giao dch thanh ton gia h thng ATM/POS ca cc ngn hng khc nhau, gip h thng ATM/POS ca mt ngn hng c th lin kt vi h thng ATM/POS ca ngn hng khc giao dch din ra thng nht, thng sut. Hin nay, ti Vit Nam c 3 n v cung cp dch v chuyn mch ti chnh l Banknetvn (16 ngn hng thnh vin), Smartlink (34 ngn hng thnh vin) v VNBC (10 ngn hng thnh vin). nh hng ca Ngn hng Nh nc l n cui nm 2012 s hp nht h thng ca 3 n v ny thnh mt trung tm chuyn mch ti chnh duy nht cho ton quc.
Hp III.3: Dch v chuyn mch Smartlink Smartlink l v d tiu biu v n v cung cp dch v chuyn mch ti chnh, kt ni ATM, POS ca 34 ngn hng thnh vin, tng ng vi gn 70% s lng cc ngn hng pht hnh th trn ton quc.Vi dch v chuyn mch Smartlink, khch hng ca mt ngn hng thnh vin c th thc hin giao dch trn ATM, POS ca nhng ngn hng thnh vin khc ca Smartlink hoc cc t chc chuyn mch m Smartlink kt ni.Trong nm 2011, h thng Smartlink x l gn 50 triu giao dch vi tng gi tr tin mt cung ng qua h thng ATM t 41.000 t ng, tng 154% so vi nm 2010. Mng li im chp nhn th ATM,POS lin kt vi h thng Smartlink bao ph ti 98% s lng ATM, POS ti Vit Nam, phc v trn 30 triu ch th ni a.16 c bit, vo nhng ngy cao im nh tt Nguyn n, lng tin cc ngn hng ch h nhau qua h thng Smartlink t con s k lc khong 300 t ng/ngy, gp 4 ln so vi cc ngy bnh thng trong nm 2011.
16 Ngun: Bo din n doanh nghip, thng 12 nm 2011
Hnh III.9: M hnh dch v chuyn mch Smartlink
Ngun: Smartlink, 2011
3.2. Dch v cng thanh ton in t L dch v lm trung gian kt ni, x l v truyn dn d liu giao dch thanh ton gia khch hng vi cc n v chp nhn thanh ton, cc ngn hng thc hin dch v thu h, chi h cho khch hng thng qua cc knh in t; thc hin vic trao i, i chiu d liu bng in t v b tr cc ngha v ti chnh pht sinh i vi cc giao dch thanh ton.
Hnh III.10: M hnh ca mt h thng cng thanh ton in t
Ti khon I Nh cung ng hng ha, dch v I T CHC CUNG NG CNG THANH TON IN T Nh cung ng hng ha, dch v II Khch Hng A Khch Hng B
Ti khon II NGN HNG A Ti khon A Ti khon thu h, chi h
Ti khon B NGN HNG B
Vit Nam hin c nhiu cng ty cung cp dch v cng thanh ton in t nh Banknetvn, Smartlink, Onepay, Peacesoft, Vt Gi, VNPay
Nm 2011, Cng ty C phn Chuyn mch ti chnh Quc gia Banknetvn va cho ra mt dch v cng thanh ton trc tuyn mang thng hiu Bn-debit. Hin ti, Bn_debit ang trin khai i vi th ghi n ni a ca Ngn hng Si Gn Cng thng (Saigonbank) v Ngn hng Nam (NamABank). Trong thi gian ti, Banknetvn s tip tc m rng trin khai vi cc ngn hng khc nh Ngn hng Cng Thng (Vietinbank), Ngn hng u t v Pht trin (BIDV), Ngn hng Si Gn Thng Tn (Sacombank), Ngn hng Xng du Petrolimex (PG Bank), Ngn hng ng Nam (SeABank)
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3.3. Dch v V in t V in t l dch v cung cp cho khch hng mt ti khon in t to lp trn mt vt mang tin (nh chip in t, sim in thoi di ng, d liu in t), cho php khch hng lu tr mt gi tr tin t c m bo bng gi tr tin mt tng ng vi s tin c chuyn t ti khon tin gi thanh ton ca khch hng hoc bng cc hnh thc khc vo ti khon tin gi k qu ca t chc cung ng v in t ti cc ngn hng thc hin cc giao dch thanh ton. Cc n v cung cp dch v V in t c trch nhim qun l ti khon V in t ca khch hng v x l cc giao dch pht sinh trn h thng khi din ra nhng hot ng np, rt tin, mua bn hng ha, dch v ca khch hng; tnh ton ngha v v thng bo ti ngn hng thc hin ghi n v ghi c i vi cc ti khon tin tht tng ng ca cc bn c lin quan.
Hnh III.11: M hnh h thng V in t
NGN HNG
Ti khon A
Ti khon B
Ti khon TCPH V IN T
T CHC PHT HNH V IN T
V IN T A
V IN T A
Khch Hng A
Khch Hng B
n nay, Ngn hng Nh nc cho php 9 t chc c thc hin th im dch v v in t vi cc tin ch nh: thanh ton giao dch mua bn trn cc website TMT, thanh ton ha n, tin mua hng Cc dch v ny c trin khai trc tuyn qua Internet, qua thit b di ng cm tay hoc cc thit b POS.
104 Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2011 Bng III.7: Danh sch t chc c cp php cung cp th im dch v V in t tnh n thng 9/2011
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cng ty cung cp th im dch v V in t Cng ty c phn h tr dch v thanh ton vit ph (MobiV) Cng ty c phn dch v trc tuyn Cng ng Vit (VietUnion) Cng ty c phn gii php thanh ton Vit Nam (VNPay) Cng ty c phn dch v th Smartlink (Smartlink) Cng ty c phn cng ngh thanh ton Vit Nam (VinaPay) Cng ty c phn gii php phn mm Ha Bnh (PeaceSoft) Cng ty c phn dch v di ng trc tuyn (M-Service) Cng ty c phn thanh ton in t VNPT (VNPT EPAY) Cng ty c phn gii php thanh ton in lc v vin thng (ECPay) Tn gii php thanh ton MobiV Payoo VnMart Smartlink Vcash Ngn lng m-Service VNPT EPAY E-Dong
K t khi Ngn hng Nh nc bt u cp php th im cho loi hnh dch v trung gian thanh ton ny, s lng V in t pht trin rt nhanh. Theo thng k ca V Thanh ton Ngn hng Nh nc, nu cui nm 2009 c khong 70.000 v in t c m, th n cui Qu II/2011 tng s v pht hnh ln n hn 546.000, tng gn 8 ln sau mt nm ri. Lng giao dch qua cc cng ty cung cp gii php V in t t hn 1,5 triu lt, vi tng gi tr giao dch hn 3.400 t ng, bnh qun khong 2,3 triu ng/giao dch.
Bng III.8: Mt s ng dng ph bin ca dch v trung gian thanh ton
Mua sm trc tuyn x x x Np th game online x x x Thanh ton ha n x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Thanh ton cc dch v di ng tr trc v tr sau Mua v my bay
Cng ty Mobivi VietUnion VNPay Smartlink VinaPay M-Service VNPT EPAY PeaceSoft ECPay
III. GII THIU MT S M HNH THANH TON IN T TI VIT NAM Nhm gim ri ro trong giao dch TMT khi bn mua v bn bn khng gp nhau trc tip, hnh thc thanh ton thng qua bn th 3 (t chc cung cp dch v trung gian thanh ton) l iu tt yu trong chui gi tr TMT. Phn vit ny s gii thiu
105
mt s in hnh v doanh nghip cung cp v ng dng dch v trung gian thanh ton ti Vit Nam: 1. Dch v cng thanh ton in t 1.1. OnePay Cng thanh ton in t cho cc giao dch s dng th thanh ton quc t c thnh lp vo nm 2006, OnePayc MasterCard la chn l i din chnh thc cung cp gii php thanh ton trc tuyn cho cc doanh nghip ti Vit Nam. Cng thanh ton OnePAY m bo cc tiu chun ca h thng ti chnh quc t nh PCI DSS ca PCI Security Standards Council, 3D-Secure ca Visa, MasterCard v JCB V dch v cung cp, OnePay hin ang cung cp cho khch hng cc dch v sau: - Cung cp v x l cc giao dch thanh ton online cho cc doanh nghip v ngn hng. - Dch v thanh ton ha n online - Dch v th tr trc - H thng qun l v ngn nga ri ro - Chuyn mch ATM v cng thanh ton trc tuyn Nm 2010, cng thanh ton in t do OnePay cung cp c gn 200 khch hng (n v chp nhn th). Gi tr giao dch qua cng thanh ton trong thi gian cao im ln ti 50 t ng/thng vi hn 15.000 giao dch. Tng gi tr giao dch c nm ca OnePay t trn 500 t ng, vi gn 200.000 giao dch. Tc tng trng n v chp nhn th t 100%, tng trng doanh s thanh ton t trn 20%.17 V loi hnh th c chp nhn thanh ton qua OnePay, ngoi cc loi th quc t thng hiu c chp nhn nh VISA, MasterCard, Amex, JCB ca tt c cc ngn hng pht hnh trn ton cu, Cng thanh ton OnePAY cn hp tc vi cc ngn hng ln nh Vietcombank, Vietinbank, BIDV, Techcombank v mt s cc ngn hng khc, chim gn 80% th phn ti khon ngn hng v th ghi n ni a (th ATM) ti Vit Nam. Th quc t ca tt c cc ngn hng ti Vit Nam pht hnh u c th thanh ton qua cng thanh ton OnePay. V phng thc thanh ton, OnePAY chp nhn cc phng thc thanh ton ph bin v tin dng nht cho ch th bao gm: 1) Thanh ton trc tuyn (ti website ngi bn); 2) Thanh ton qua my ATM; 3) Thanh ton qua my POS; 4) Thanh ton qua Internet banking; 5) Thanh ton bng khu tr ti khon t ng (giao dch recurring); 6) Thanh ton chuyn khon bng tin nhn SMS (thanh ton qua in thoi di ng).
17 Ngun: OnePay.vn, 2011
106 Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2011 Hnh III.12: M hnh hot ng OnePay
Ngun: OnePay
1.2. SohaPay v Bo Kim cc cng thanh ton in t cho giao dch mua hng trn website TMT SohaPay l cng thanh ton in t ca cng ty C phn Truyn thng Vit Nam (VC Corp), lin kt vi hn 20 ngn hng v t chc th - l mt trong nhng cng thanh ton c s ngn hng lin kt ng u hin nay. SohaPay cho php cc c nhn v doanh nghip thanh ton giao dch trn nhiu website TMT ph bin ti Vit Nam nh Mua Chung, n Bc, Mua r, Rng Bay, Soha Phim ... Cng thanh ton SohaPay cho php khch hng s dng nhiu phng thc thanh ton khc nhau: - Thanh ton trc tuyn bng th ghi n, tr trc, th tn dng thng hiu quc t Visa, Mastercard - Thanh ton qua Internet banking v qua cc loi th ni a ATM ca hn 20 ngn hng ln nh Vietcombank, Agribank, Techcombank, VIB Bank - Thanh ton bng th co in thoi Vinaphone v Mobifone Theo s liu cng b ca SohaPay, trong nm 2011 c 550.000 giao dch c thc hin vi tng gi tr thanh ton t 80 t ng.chim 30% tng lng giao dch ca ton th trng thanh ton trc tuyn, trong c nhng ngy ln ti 6000 giao dch.18 Bo Kim l cng thanh ton in t ca Cng ty C phn Thng mi in t Bo Kim, chnh thc i vo hot ng t thng 7 nm 2010. Li th cnh tranh ca m hnh ny l a ra mt phng thc thanh ton m bo cho c bn mua v bn bn khi thc hin giao dch trc tuyn qua cc website TMT. Qua Bo Kim, ngi mua hng c la chn khong thi gian an ton vi s tin mnh thanh ton, khong thi gian ny c hiu l thi gian m s tin c ng bng trn ti khon ngi
18 Ngun: OnePay.vn, 2011
107
bn. Trong thi gian ny ngi mua c th kim chng vic thc hin hp ng ca ngi bn. Nu pht sinh mu thun hoc vn khin giao dch khng c hon thnh, ngi mua c quyn c Bo Kim xc nhn, h tr gii quyt khiu ni v c th nhn li 100% s tin thanh ton. Vic m bo an ton giao dch l gi tr gia tng ca dch v m Cng thanh ton in t Bo Kim cung cp v khin n c bit thch hp h tr hot ng thanh ton trn cc website TMT.
Hnh III.13: M hnh chuyn tin trc tip ti Bo Kim
Ngun: Cng ty C phn Thng mi in t Bo Kim
Theo s liu do Bo Kim cung cp, n gia nm 2011 Cng thanh ton in t Bo Kim c tch hp vi khong 15.000 gian hng v website TMT, thc hin thnh cng hn 5 triu lt giao dch.19 Hin ti, Bo Kim ang hp tc vi hn 20 ngn hng trong nc v cc h thng th tn dng quc t nh VISA, Master, American Express, JCB gia tng cc tin ch thanh ton cho ngi dng th khi mua hng trn website TMT.
Bng III.9: Cc ngn hng/th kt ni vi Cng thanh ton in t Bo Kim
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ngn hng Th tn dng v ghi n quc t (Visa, Master, Amex, JCB...) Ngn hng Quc T Ngn hng TMCP Ngoi Thng Ngn hng Chu Ngn hng ng Ngn hng nng nghip v pht trin nng thn Vit Nam Ngn hng K thng Ngn hng Cng thng Ngn hng ng Nam x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Chuyn khon ti quy ATM Internet Banking Thanh ton online x x x
19 Ngun: Thanh ton trc tuyn thc y ngnh bn l, thng 6/2011, http://dantri.com.vn/c25/s147-491712/thanh-toantruc-tuyen-thuc-day-nganh-ban-le.htm
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ngn hng u t v Pht trin Vit Nam Ngn hng Qun i Ngn hng TMCP Si Gn - H Ni Ngn hng xut nhp khu Vit Nam Ngn hng Indovina Ngn hng TMCP Xng Du Petrolimex Ngn hng Bo Vit Ngn hng Tin Phong Ngn hng TMCP Si Gn Ngn hng Si Gn Thng Tn Ngn hng Hng Hi
x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x
Ngun: Cng ty C phn thng mi Bo Kim, 2011
2. Dch v v in t n cui nm 2011, th trng c khong 15 n v cung cp dch v v in t. Bn cnh cc cng ty chuyn cung cp gii php thanh ton, mt s doanh nghip hot ng trong nhng lnh vc ngnh ngh khc cng bt u tham gia th nghim loi hnh dch v nhiu tim nng ny, nh cc mng vin thng di ng (Vinaphone), doanh nghip ni dung s (VTC, FPT), doanh nghip thng mi in t (Vt Gi), ngn hng (Vietinbank, Lin Vit) Ngoi vic h tr thanh ton, cac v in t cn cung cp thm mt s cc tin ch c gi tr gia tng nh thanh ton tm gi (phng trng hp bn bn khng giao hng ng theo nh cam kt, tin c th tr li cho ngi mua); bo him giao dch (bn trung gian thanh ton s bi thng trong trng hp ngi mua b thit hi quyn li), v.v
Hp III.4: Tin ch ca V in t i vi c nhn v doanh nghip i vi ngi dng c nhn, Vi tin ch trc tuyn, ngi dng gi y c th mua sm v s dng cc dch v tit kim chi ph, thi gian v cng sc hn. V in t bo v ngi tham gia giao dch online, gip h yn tm hn khi mua sm v t cc hng ha trn mng; tr ph cc dch v gii tr trc tuyn; ng ph thnh vin thng nin ti cc website a thch, thanh ton ha n, chuyn tin - nhn tin gia cc v mt cch thun tin, nhanh chng v an ton i vi doanh nghip, V in t ng vai tr n v trung gian h tr hot ng TMT: m rng cc hnh thc thanh ton bo m; kt ni doanh nghip vi cng ng ngi dng c xc thc v lin kt cc doanh nghip vi nhau nhm tng bc g b nhng ro cn thng gp trong kinh doanh trc tuyn ti Vit Nam: - Loi b n t hng gi - M rng, pht trin th trng vi hnh thc thanh ton nhanh chng, d dng, khng b gii hn a l. - Tit kim nhn lc v chi ph qun l ca doanh nghip.
Ngun: Cng ty C phn dch v Cng ng Vit - VietUnion
109
2.1. V in t Payoo (Cng ty c phn dch v trc tuyn Cng ng Vit - VietUnion) L mt trong nhng n v u tin c cp php th nghim cung cp dch v v in t, nm 2010 VietUnion cng c ghi nhn l n v dn u trn th trng khi sn phm v in t Payoo ca cng ty chim hn 40% th phn v in t vo thi im .20 Hin VietUnion c trn 60.000 khch hng c nhn v hn 200 khch hng doanh nghip, trong nhiu doanh nghip ln nh EVN H Ni, Viettel, FPT, SPT, Vin Thng A, PNC, Vin thng Tp.HCM, Cp nc Nh B... T thng 6/2010, Cng ty VietUnion bt u trin khai Dch v thanh ton ha n trc tuyn PayBill www.paybill.com.vn vi i tc u tin l Cng ty in lc H Ni, nhm gip cng ty tit gim chi ph xy dng h tng cng ngh v nhn s thu, qun l cc. n nay, dch v PayBill thu ht hng ngn lt ngi s dng thanh ton tin in, nc v cc vin thng ti hai qun Thanh Xun v Cu Giy H Ni. Vi u im c th thanh ton trc tuyn nhiu loi ha n ca cc nh cung cp khc nhau, h thng lu tr thng tin thun tin v mc ph khng ng k, nn dch v Paybill thu ht c s quan tm ca ngi s dng. s dng dch v ny, ngi dn m V in t Payoo ti website: www.payoo.com.vn sau np tin vo V thng qua cc ngn hng nh Vietcombank, Ngn hng ng v 16 ngn hng thnh vin ca h thng Banknetvn m Payoo kt ni.
Hnh III.14: M hnh trung gian thanh ton Payoo
Bn cnh vic thanh ton nh k cho cc dch v thit yu, ngi dng cn c th thng qua ti khon Payoo thc hin vic mua bn, trao i hng ha trn hn 60 website TMT c kt ni h thng vi Payoo. H thng Payoo kt ni vi nhng ngn hng ln nh Agribank, Vietcombank, Navibank, Sacombank, ng ... n cui nm 2011, Payoo kt ni trc tuyn vi cc n v cung cp dch v chuyn
20 Ngun: website ca Ngn hng Nh nc Vit Nam www.sbv.gov.vn, Nhn t mi cho th trng thanh ton in t Vit Nam, thng 11/2010
mch ti chnh, gip 72% ngi c ti khon ngn hng ni a c th kt ni vi ti khon vi, d kin t l ny s tng ln 90% vo nm 2012. 2.2. V in t i-Coin (Cng ty in ton v Truyn s liu VDC) Dch v v in t iCoin ca VDC ra i vo cui nm 2010 nhm nm bt xu hng thanh ton trc tuyn ang pht trin mnh ti Vit Nam. So vi cc dch v trung gian thanh ton khc, iCoin c th mnh ni tri v c s h tng v cc knh phn phi vi hn 100.000 i l th, 10.000 im giao dch trn ton quc, v trn ht l mng li khch hng Internet v thu bao di ng rt ln ca VNPT. VNPT c khong 20 triu thu bao Internet, chim 72% th phn, hai mng di ng MobiFone v VinaPhone cng ang nm gi 58% th phn trn th trng vin thng di ng trong nc,21 y s l c hi VDC y mnh knh thanh ton ny trong thi gian ti. iCoin cho php ngi mua np tin t nhiu ngun khc nhau nhn c mt lng iCoin tng ng trong ti khon ca mnh ti cng http://icoin.vn, sau s dng s d iCoin ca mnh thanh ton cc dch v, hng ha do VNPT cung cp trn cng MegaPlus http://vnn.vn, hay cng TMT Buyme http://buyme.vn. Ngoi ra, khch hng cng c th s dng iCoin thanh ton nhiu dch v hp tc gia VNPT vi mt s nh cung cp khc nh: th vin sch in t, phn mm dit virus Kaspersky, BKAV, gi in thoi VoIP gi r, u gi trc tuyn, hc trc tuyn, game trc tuyn Mt s cng thanh ton ln nh Sohapay, Ngn Lng, Bo Kim cng s dng knh kt ni th co di ng ca iCoin gia tng tin ch cho khch hng s dng dch v thanh ton ca mnh.
Hp III.5: Cc dch v c th c thanh ton bng iCoin
Chia s d liu trc tuyn ti: megashare.vn S ha vn bn trc tuyn ti:megadoc.vn Xem phim trc tuyn ti: megavstar.vn Dch v cho di ng ti: mzone.vn Dch v chn Virus ti: megasecurity.vn Dch v chn web en ti: megagreen.vn Dch v hi ngh truyn hnh tng tc ti: megaV-meeting.vn Dch v camera gim st ti: megaCamera.vn Dch v Game trc tuyn ti: megaGame.vn Dch v s lin lc in t, bo kt qu hc tp qua SMS, web ti: megaE-School.vn Dch v t thit k website ti: megaWeb.vn
3. Doanh nghip c tch hp thanh ton in t Hin nay, s lng cc website v sn giao dch TMT ang pht trin vi tc bng n. Thng qua Internet, ngi tiu dng c th d dng tm mua bt c loi
21 Ngun: Sch trng Cng ngh thng tin v Truyn thng Vit Nam nm 2011
111
hng ha, dch v no. Cc sn phm bn trc tuyn rt phong ph v chng loi, mu m t thi trang, m phm, gia dng, cng ngh ti cc mt hng xa x nh t, xe my hay bt ng sn Loi hnh website cung cp hng ha, dch v cng rt a dng, t cc din n, mng x hi, trang rao vt, website mua theo nhm, sn giao dch TMT, cho n website TMT ca doanh nghip kinh doanh hng ha v dch v. Theo kt qu kho st 35 sn giao dch TMT ng k vi B Cng Thng trong nm 2011, 24 website (chim 70%) trin khai cc gii php thanh ton in t. Trong s 18 website (chim 51%) c tch hp v in t hoc cng thanh ton trc tuyn. Cc gii php trung gian thanh ton c doanh nghip s dng ph bin nhiu nht l Bo Kim, Onepay, Soha, Ngn lng, Vcash Trong tng s 35 sn giao dch TMT ni trn, c mt s website khng tch hp gii php thanh ton no do website ch n thun rao vt, qung co hay gii thiu sn phm nh: tourismonline.vn, ecdn.com.vn, sacom-ste.com v adexchange.vn, hay ch p dng thanh ton trc tip bng tin mt nh: vietaz.com, tieudungviet.vn, nhavadat.vn, tradequangngai.com.vn v chothuebds.vn.
Bng III.10: Mt s phng thc thanh ton ph bin trn cc sn giao dch TMT nm 2011
Loi hnh thanh ton STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Ngn hng shop.nava.vn BookDeaL.vn deal.zing.vn 123mua.vn muanhanh.vn vatgia.com bietgia.com chodientu.vn Muachung.vn vipecom.vn enbac.com muare.vn rongbay.com solo.vn hoishopping.com az24.vn vietaz.com x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x V in t v cng thanh ton trc tuyn x x x x Chuyn khon x x x x x x Tin mt x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
raovatcuatui.com cholongxuyen.vn vietnamnay.com santmdttuyenquang. com.vn tourismonline.vn chuyennhuongdocu.vn ecdn.com.vn adexchange.vn tieudungviet.vn nhavadat.vn tradequangngai.com. vn ecvn.com sacom-ste.com trangkhuyenmai.vn alezaa.vn uudaihot.vn chothuebds.vn runhau.vn x x x x x x -
x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x
x x x
x x x
Ngun: Kho st Cc TMT v CNTT, B Cng Thng, 2011
Sau y l hai in hnh thnh cng v trin khai ng dng thanh ton in t trong hot ng kinh doanh: mt doanh nghip chuyn v dch vTMT v mt doanh nghip vn ti ng dng thnh cng TMT tng hiu qu ca hot ng bn hng. 3.1. Website mua theo nhm MuaChung Cng ty CP Truyn thng Vit Nam MuaChung.vn l sn giao dch TMT ca Cng ty C phn Truyn thng Vit Nam VC Corp. Bt u hoat ng vo u nm 2011, MuaChung hin l mt trong s cc website thnh cng ca m hnh dch v mua theo nhm ti Vit Nam. im ni bt ca MuaChung l c cng c phn phi coupon ti ngi mua ngay lp tc bng cch gi m s coupon qua tin nhn di ng (SMS) sau khi khch hng thc hin thanh ton. Nh ngi dng c th s dng ngay dch v trong vng 1 gi m khng mt thi gian ch i nhn phiu. to thun li cho vic mua hng ca khch, MuaChung pht trin mt h thng thanh ton trc tuyn vi nhiu hnh thc thanh ton a dng. Khch hng c th s dng th Visa, Master Card hay th ATM, cc hnh thc thanh ton ny u c m bo bi Soha Payment gii php thanh ton cng do VC Corp pht
113
trin. Ngoi ra, MuaChung cn c cc hnh thc thanh ton thn thin nh thanh ton bng tin in t, th co in thoi hay thu tin ti nh ring p ng nhu cu ca nhng khch hng khng mun thanh ton bng th.
Hnh III.15: Hnh thc thanh ton ca Muachung.vn
Vic a s cc giao dch qua MuaChung u thc hin hon ton trn mi trng in t khin quy trnh giao dch c rt ngn, vic qun l giao dch c t ng ha cao, dn n tng cng hiu qu v ti u ha hot ng bn hng cho doanh nghip. Theo bo co ca MuaChung vi B Cng Thng, nm 2011 c khong 450 nghn giao dch c thc hin qua websitevi tng gi tr giao dch ln n 125 t ng. Doanh thu ca MuaChung t vic cung cp dch v t 12,5 t ng, l mt trong nhng mc doanh thu hng u ca cc sn giao dch TMT ng k. Tng s khch hng tham gia giao dch qua MuaChung t hn 50.000 khch hng, tng s ngi ng k nhn thng bo gim gi hng ngy ln n hn 250.000 ngi, trung bnh mt ngy MuaChung phn phi dch v cho 1.000 khch hng. Vi khi lng giao dch ln nh vy, vic pht trin cc phng thc thanh ton hin i, c bit l thanh ton trc tuyn, kt hp vi giao hng trc tuyn chnh l yu t thnh cng ca MuaChung. 3.2. Dch v bn v my bay in t ca Tng Cng ty Hng khng Vit Nam Tng Cng ty Hng khng Vit Nam (Vietnam Airlines) l mt trong nhng doanh nghip tin phong ng dng TMT theo mt quy trnh hon chnh v trit , t khu bn hng - thanh ton - giao nhn. Vi vic Hip hi hng khng quc t (IATA) ra Ngh quyt buc cc thnh vin Hip hi p dng ng nht v my bay
in t t ngy 1/1/2008, l mt thnh vin ca t chc ny, Vietnam Airlines bt u trin khai xy dng h thng qun l v my bay in t t nm 2005. Tng cng ty chm dt hon ton vic pht hnh v my bay dng giy vo u nm 2008 v chnh thc thc hin bn v my bay trc tuyn vo thng 12/2008. T thng 6/2009 Vietnam Airlines a ton b cc tin ch phc v khch hng ln websitewww.vietnamairlines.com.vn, v t khng ngng ci tin website ny tr thnh mt trong nhng website TMT hon chnh v tiu biu nht ca Vit Nam. Khi trin khai bn v my bay in t trn website, Vietnam Airlines p dng hnh thc thanh ton chnh l thanh ton trc tuyn bng 2 loi th tn dng ph bin nht th gii (VISA v MasterCard). Khch hng khi mua v s in y thng tin v ti khon c nhn ca mnh v gi lnh thanh ton ngay trn website www.vietnamairlines.com.vn. Khi thc hin hnh thc thanh ton ny, Vietnam Airlines cam kt mi hot ng thanh ton s din ra an ton, thng tin c nhn ca khch hng c m bo b mt khch hng c th yn tm vi vic mua v trc tuyn ny. Nhm nng cao cc tin ch phc v khch hng ng thi kch cu th trng dng th, nm 2011, Vietnam Airlines phi hp vi Smarlink v mt s ngn hng trin khai nhiu chng trnh u i c bit khuyn khch khch hng thanh ton v my bay bng th ni a. Vi chng trnh Ct cnh d dng hn vi th ni a, ch th ghi n ca cc ngn hng tham gia chng trnh s nhn c nhng u i c bit khi mua v my bay tiwebsite ca Vietnam Airlines v thanh ton bng th ATM. Theo thng k ca Vietnam Airlines, sau 05 thng trin khai dch v mua v bay v thanh ton trc tuyn bng th ni a, tng gi tr giao dch thc hin t trn 44 t ng, trong , s giao dch gi tr trn 10 triu ng chim gn 1/4. Bng vic thanh ton s dng th ATM, khch hng s c nhn cc u i nh: khch hng c c hi mua v my bay gi r, cc ch th c doanh s mua v cao s c nhn v my bay min ph chng bay ng Nam hoc ni a. Ngoi ra, ngn hng pht hnh th cng s c nhng u i cho khch hng nh tng 100.000 ng cho ch th ni a hoc chit khu 3% doanh s thanh ton v my bay i vi cc giao dch t 10 triu ng tr ln, cng nhiu cc u i khc. S lng ngn hng Vietnam Airlines phi hp thc hin chng trnh kch cu th trng th n ngy 19 thng 09 nm 2011 ln n 9 ngn hng: Vietcombank, Techcombank, Vietinbank, VIB, ACB, Eximbank, BIDV, MB v Sacombank PassportPlus/Thanh ton Plus ca ngn hng Sacombank, c th l cc loi th: - Connect 24 - Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam (VCB) - F@st Access v F@st Access I Ngn hng TMCP K thng Vit nam (TCB) - Values Ngn hng Quc t Vit Nam (VIB) - V-Top - Ngn hng Thng mi C phn Xut nhp khu Vit Nam (EIB)
115
- Th a nng Ngn hng Thng mi c phn ng pht hnh - Th E-Partner Ngn hng Thng mi c phn Cng thng Vit Nam pht hnh - Th ACB 365 Styles Ngn hng Thng mi c phn chu pht hnh - Th ghi n ni a - Ngn hng Qun i pht hnh - Th Plus v Passport Plus Ngn hng TMCP Si Gn Thng Tn pht hnh
Hnh III.16: Cc loi th ni a c chp nhn khi thanh ton mua v in t trn website ca Vietnam Airlines
B CNG TH
S .......
C C TH NG M I I N T V CNG NGH THNG TIN
NG
Phi u i u tra Doanh nghi p ng d ng Th ng m i i n t n m 2010
PH LC 1
L u : 1) B Cng Th ng cam k t gi b m t cc thng tin ring c a doanh nghi p v ch dng thng tin cung c p t i phi u i u tra ny cho m c ch kh o st, t ng h p v hi n tr ng th ng m i i n t Vi t Nam n m 2010. 2) Cc doanh nghi p tr c thu c cc t p on, t ng cng ty ho c l cng ty con ch cung c p s li u c a doanh nghi p mnh, khng cung c p s li u c a t p on, t ng cng ty hay cng ty m . 3) Doanh nghi p nh d u X vo tr l i t ng ng. D u : Ch ch n M T cu tr l i; D u : c th ch n NHI U cu tr l i. Ngy thng n m 2010 i di n doanh nghi p (K tn, ng d u)
Thng tin v ng
Thng tin ghi trn phi u i u tra c gi kn i i n phi u Thng tin v doanh nghi p
H v tn: .................................................... ..................................................................... Ch c v : ...................................................... i n tho i:................................................... Email: .......................................................... .....................................................................
Tn doanh nghi p:............................................................................... ............................................................................................................. a ch : ................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................. S l ng nhn vin: ............................................................................ T ng doanh thu n m 2009: ..................... t ...tri unghn ng T ng chi ph ho t ng n m 2009: ......... t ...tri unghn ng
B. M c
A. Thng tin chung v doanh nghi p c
s n sng cho TM T ..............................
1. Lo i hnh doanh nghi p?
Nh n
Ngoi nh n
3. T ng s my tnh trong doanh nghi p? 4. Hnh th c truy c p Internet c a doanh nghi p?

Quay s ADSL
C v n
u t tr c ti p n
c ngoi
Khc: ...................................................................................................................
2. Cc l nh v c s n xu t, kinh doanh chnh c a doanh nghi p?
ng truy n ring Khng k t n i
5. Doanh nghi p c s d ng th
C
i n t cho m c ch kinh doanh?

Khng
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
6. Doanh nghi p c chnh sch b o v thng tin v d li u c nhn cho khch hng khng?
C Khng Khng bi t
M s l nh v c s n xu t, kinh doanh chnh
PHIU IU TRA DOANH NGHIP NG DNG THNG MI IN T NM 2010
(Ph n dnh ring cho cn b th ng k)
7. Doanh nghi p c cn b chuyn trch v TM T?......
Khng
8. Cc hnh th c o t o CNTT v TM T c a doanh nghi p? 13. Doanh nghi p c tham gia cc sn giao d ch TM T sau y khng?
ECVN (www.ecvn.com)................................ Gophatdat (www.gophatdat.com).................. Alibaba (www.alibaba.com) .......................... C C C Khng Khng Khng Khng bi t Khng bi t Khng bi t
C. M c
v hi u qu
ng d ng TM T
M l p o t o
o t o t i ch theo nhu c u cng vi c
C nhn vin i h c
Khng o t o
9. Doanh nghi p c s d ng ph n m m no sau y? N u doanh nghi p tham gia sn giao d ch TM T khc, xin nu r:
............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................ C C C C C C Khng Khng Khng Khng Khng Khng Khng bi Khng bi Khng bi Khng bi Khng bi Khng bi t t t t t t
So n th o v n b n (Microsoft Office) ........... Qu n l nhn s ............................................. K ton, ti chnh ........................................... Qu n l h th ng cung ng (SCM)................ Quan h khch hng (CRM) .......................... L p k ho ch ngu n l c (ERP)......................
Khc: .................................................................................................................. R t th p Th p Trung bnh Cao R t cao C
14a. nh gi hi u qu t vi c tham gia sn giao d ch TM T?
nh tham gia 14b. Doanh nghi p d sn giao d ch TM T trong t ng lai?

Khng
10. Doanh nghi p p d ng bi n php b o m t CNTT v TM T no?
L do khng tham gia sn giao d ch TM T:........................................... ....................................................... .......................................................

Khng (chuy n cu 17) S xy d ng (chuy n cu 17)
T Ph Ph Ch
ng l a....................................................... n m m di t virus, spyware, v.v ............ n c ng b o m t h th ng.......................... k i n t ...............................................
C C C C
Khng Khng Khng Khng
Khng bi Khng bi Khng bi Khng bi
t t t t
Bi n php khc: ................................................................................................. C
11.
c tnh chi ph ng d ng CNTT v TM T c a doanh nghi p trong
15. Doanh nghi p c website khng? 16a. Thng tin c th v Website c a doanh nghi p?
a ch :................................................
n m qua l:..t ..tri u..nghn ng Trong t ng chi ph trn, t l cc h ng m c t ng ng l:
Ph n c ng: .......................... %
Nhn s , o t o: .....................%
16b. Website c a doanh nghi p c nh ng tnh n ng no?
Ph n m m: .......................... %
Khc: ........................................%
Trong , khc l chi ph dnh cho: ......................................................
12. Doanh nghi p s d ng cc d ch v cng tr c tuy n no sau y?
Tra c u thng tin, quy trnh, th t c hnh chnh trn website c a cc c quan nh n c
Th t c xu t ng k , xin gi y php ho t ng s n xu t, kinh doanh c a nh p kh u, h i quan i n t , CO doanh nghi p thng qua website c a cc c quan nh n c i nt
Gi i thi u v doanh nghi p v s n ph m c a doanh nghi p ............................................................................................................................ Gi i thi u v s n ph m, d ch v Th i gian thnh l p: ............................................................................................ Cho php t hng tr c tuy n T ng l ng truy c p: .......................................................................................... Cho php thanh ton tr c tuy n T n su t c p nh t website: Khc (nu c th ):...............................
Khc: .........................................................................................................
Hng ngy
Hng tu n
Hng thng
Khng c p nh t
............................................................
17. Doanh nghi p c nh n d i y khng? ng ti n i n t

D. nh gi c a doanh nghi p v ng d ng TM T
n 22. nh gi hi u qu c a vi c ng d ng TM T i v i ho t doanh c a doanh nghi p? (Khoanh trn i m s t ng ng)

Tc ng Khng hi u qu R t hi u qu C C C C Khng Khng Khng Khng Khng bi Khng bi Khng bi Khng bi t t t t
t hng qua cc ph ng kinh
i n tho i....................................................... Fax ................................................................. Email.............................................................. Website c a doanh nghi p .............................
Khc: ..................................................................................................................
18. ng ng ti n d i y khng?
c tnh t ng gi tr cc
t hng doanh nghi p nh n qua
cc ph
ng ti n trn trong n m 2009 l: ... t tri unghn
19. Doanh nghi p c
t hng qua cc ph
M r ng knh ti p xc khch hng..................... 0 Xy d ng hnh nh doanh nghi p ....................... 0 T ng doanh s ..................................................... 0 Gi m chi ph kinh doanh.....................................0 T ng doanh thu v l i nhu n .............................. 0
1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
23. nh gi nh ng tr ng i i v i doanh nghi p trong vi c tri n khai TM T t i Vi t Nam hi n nay? (Khoanh trn i m s t ng ng)
Tc ng
Khng Khng bi t i n tho i....................................................... C Fax ................................................................. C Khng Khng bi t Email.............................................................. C Khng Khng bi t Website .......................................................... C Khng Khng bi t Khc: ..................................................................................................................
20. ng
c tnh t ng gi tr cc
n hng doanh nghi p
t thng qua
cc ph
ng ti n trn trong n m 2009:........ t tri unghn
21. So v i n m tr c, doanh thu t hng ha d ch v ti p th qua knh TM T c a doanh nghi p n m 2009 di n bi n theo chi u h ng:
H u nh khng i
T ng
Gi m
Khng c n tr Nh n th c c a ng i dn v TM T th p ........... 0 Ngu n nhn l c ch a p ng yu c u............... 0 Mi tr ng php l ch a hon thi n................... 0 H th ng thanh ton i n t ch a pht tri n....... 0 D ch v v n chuy n v giao nh n cn y u ......... 0 An ninh m ng ch a m b o .............................. 0 Mi tr ng x h i v t p qun kinh doanh......... 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
R tc n tr 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4
24. Cc
xu t
i v i chnh sch, php lu t c a Nh n
c nh m thc
y ho t
ng ng d ng TM T c a doanh nghi p?
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
B CNG TH
S .......
PH LC 2
C C TH V C G
GM I I T GH TH G TI
NG
Phi u i u tra Doanh nghi p ng d ng Th ng m i i n t n m 2011
L u : 1) Doanh nghi p nh d u X vo tr l i t ng ng. D u : Ch ch n M T cu tr l i; D u : c th ch n NHI U cu tr l i. 2) Cc doanh nghi p tr c thu c cc t p on, t ng cng ty ho c l cng ty con ch cung c p s li u c a doanh nghi p mnh, khng cung c p s li u c a t p on, t ng cng ty hay cng ty m . c gi kn v ch s d ng cho m c ch kh o st, t ng h p v hi n tr ng th ng m i i n t 3) Cc thng tin doanh nghi p cung c p trong phi u i u tra Vi t Nam n m 2011. c gi kn Thng tin v doanh nghi p
Thng tin ghi trn phi u i u tra
Thng tin v ng
i i n phi u
H v tn: ................................................... .................................................................... Ch c v : ..................................................... i n tho i: .................................................. Email: ......................................................... .................................................................... Tn doanh nghi p: ............................................................................... ............................................................................................................. a ch : ................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................. S l ng nhn vin:............................................................................. T ng doanh thu n m 2010:....................................... t ...tri u ng T ng chi ph ho t ng n m 2010:........................... t ...tri u ng
B. M c
Ngy thng n m 2011 i di n doanh nghi p (K tn, ng d u)
A. Thng tin chung v doanh nghi p c
s n sng cho TM T
1. Lo i hnh doanh nghi p?
Nh n
Ngoi nh n
3. T ng s my vi tnh trong doanh nghi p? 4. Hnh th c truy c p Internet c a doanh nghi p?

Quay s ADSL ng truy n ring Khng k t n i
............................................................
C v n
u t tr c ti p n
c ngoi
Khc: ..................................................................................................................
2. Cc l nh v c s n xu t, kinh doanh chnh c a doanh nghi p?
5. Doanh nghi p c s d ng th
C
i n t cho m c ch kinh doanh?

Khng
6. Doanh nghi p c chnh sch b o v thng tin v d li u c nhn cho khch hng khng?
C Khng Khng bi t
................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................
PHIU IU TRA DOANH NGHIP NG DNG THNG MI IN T NM 2011
...........................................................................................................................
7. Doanh nghi p c cn b chuyn trch v TM T? ......
Khng
8. Cc hnh th c o t o C TT v TM T c a doanh nghi p? 13. Doanh nghi p c tham gia cc sn giao d ch TM T sau y khng?
ECVN (www.ecvn.com) ............................... V t gi (www.vatgia.com) ............................ 123mua (www.123mua.vn) ........................... C C C Khng Khng Khng Khng bi t Khng bi t Khng bi t
C. M c
v hi u qu
ng d ng TM T
M l p o t o
o t o t i ch theo nhu c u cng vi c
C nhn vin i h c
Khng o t o
9. Doanh nghi p c s d ng ph n m m no sau y?
u doanh nghi p tham gia sn giao d ch TM T khc, xin nu r tn:

............................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................
So n th o v n b n (Microsoft Office) ........... Qu n l nhn s ............................................ K ton, ti chnh .......................................... Qu n l h th ng cung ng (SCM) ............... Quan h khch hng (CRM) ......................... L p k ho ch ngu n l c (ERP) ..................... C C C C C C Khng Khng Khng Khng Khng Khng Khng bi Khng bi Khng bi Khng bi Khng bi Khng bi t t t t t t
Khc: .................................................................................................................. R t th p Th p Trung bnh Cao R t cao
14a. nh gi hi u qu t vi c tham gia sn giao d ch TM T?

C
14b. Doanh nghi p d nh tham gia sn giao d ch TM T trong t ng lai?

Khng
10. Doanh nghi p p d ng bi n php b o m t C TT v TM T no?
L do khng tham gia sn giao d ch TM T: ........................................... ....................................................... .......................................................

Khng (chuy n cu 17) S xy d ng (chuy n cu 17)
T Ph Ph Ch C C C C Khng bi Khng bi Khng bi Khng bi t t t t
ng l a (Firewall) ..................................... n m m di t virus, spyware, v.v ........... n c ng b o m t h th ng (IDS, IPS) ... k s , ch ng th s ................................
Khng Khng Khng Khng
Bi n php khc: .................................................................................................. C
11. c tnh t l cc h ng m c sau trong t ng chi ph mua s m, trang b v ng d ng C TT v TM T c a doanh nghi p trong n m 2010 l:
Nhn s , o t o: ..................... % Khc: ....................................... %
15. Doanh nghi p c website khng?
Ph n c ng: ........................... %
Ph n m m: ........................... %
16a. Thng tin c th v Website c a doanh nghi p?

a ch : ...............................................
16b. Website c a doanh nghi p c nh ng tnh n ng no sau y?
Trong , khc l chi ph dnh cho:...................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................... (L u : T ng t l c a 04 h ng m c trn ph i b ng 100%)
Gi i thi u thng tin v doanh nghi p ............................................................................................................................. Gi i thi u v s n ph m, d ch v ............................................................................................................................. Cho php t hng tr c tuy n T n su t c p nh t website: Cho php thanh ton tr c tuy n Khc (nu c th ): ..............................
12. Doanh nghi p s d ng cc d ch v cng tr c tuy n no? ....................................................... ........................................................... ....................................................... ........................................................... ....................................................... ........................................................... (V d : h i quan i n t , xu t nh p kh u i n t , khai thu i n t )
Hng ngy
Hng tu n
Hng thng
Khng c p nh t ............................................................
17. Doanh nghi p c nh n d i y khng? ng ti n i n t

D. nh gi c a doanh nghi p v ng d ng TM T
n 22. nh gi hi u qu c a vi c ng d ng TM T i v i ho t doanh c a doanh nghi p? (Khoanh trn i m s t ng ng)

Tc ng Khng hi u qu 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
t hng qua cc ph ng kinh

R t hi u qu 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 C C C C Khng Khng Khng Khng M r ng knh ti p xc v i khch hng ............... 0 Qu ng b hnh nh doanh nghi p ........................ 0 Gi m chi ph ........................................................ 0 T ng doanh thu v l i nhu n ............................... 0 (ch m i m t 0 4 cho m i tc Khng bi Khng bi Khng bi Khng bi t t t t
i n tho i ...................................................... Fax ................................................................. Email ............................................................. Website c a doanh nghi p ............................
Khc: ..................................................................................................................
18. c tnh t l t ng gi tr cc n hng doanh nghi p nh n qua ph ng ti n i n t trn t ng doanh thu n m 2010 l: ....................... % ng ti n d i y khng?
19. Doanh nghi p c
t hng qua cc ph
ng, trong 0 l m c hi u qu th p nh t)
23. nh gi nh ng tr ng i i v i doanh nghi p trong vi c tri n khai TM T t i Vi t am hi n nay? (Khoanh trn i m s t ng ng)
Tr ng i
i n tho i ...................................................... C Khng Khng bi t Fax ................................................................. C Khng Khng bi t Email ............................................................. C Khng Khng bi t Website .......................................................... C Khng bi t Khng Khc: ..................................................................................................................
20. c tnh t l t ng gi tr cc n hng doanh nghi p t qua ph ng ti n i n t trn t ng chi ph n m 2010 l: ............................ %
21. So v i n m tr c, doanh thu t hng ha, d ch v ti p th qua knh TM T c a doanh nghi p n m 2010 di n bi n theo chi u h ng:
H u nh khng i
Khng c n tr Ngu n nhn l c ch a p ng yu c u ............... 0 Mi tr ng php l ch a hon thi n ................... 0 H th ng thanh ton i n t ch a pht tri n ....... 0 D ch v v n chuy n v giao nh n cn y u .......... 0 An ninh m ng ch a m b o .............................. 0 Nh n th c x h i v mi tr ng kinh doanh....... 0 (ch m i m t 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
R tc n tr 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 cho m i tr ng i, trong 0 l m c tr ng i th p nh t)
T ng
Gi m
24. Doanh nghi p c
xu t g
i v i chnh sch, php lu t c a h n
c nh m thc
y ho t
ng ng d ng TM T c a doanh nghi p?
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
BO CO THNG MI IN T VIT NAM NM 2011

NH XUT BN LAO NG V X HI
Ch bin TRN HU LINH Cc trng Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin Bin tp ni dung NGUYN THANH HNG Ph Ch tch Tng th k Hip hi Thng mi in t Vit Nam LI VIT ANH Trng phng Php ch Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin L TH H Chuyn vin Phng Php ch Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin
Bn quyn bo co thuc v CC THNG MI IN T V CNG NGH THNG TIN B CNG THNG www.vecita.gov.vn In 2.000 bn ti cng ty c phn t vn thit k v in Long Vit
S GPXB: 91-2011/CXB/13-08/LXH ngy 01 thng 12 nm 2011
B CNG THNG CC THNG MI IN T V CNG NGH THNG TIN

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B CNG THNG CC THNG MI IN T V CNG NGH THNG TIN

I. TNG KT CC QUY NH PHP LUT LIN QUAN N HOT NG THNG MI IN T 12 14 16 18 23 31 31 35 40 44 49 55 56 56 56 57 58 59 60 61 61 62 64 64 66 69 69 70 70 71 73 74

CHNG II: TNH HNH NG DNG TMT TRONG DOANH NGHIP

CHNG III : THANH TON IN T

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TNH HNH NG DNG THNG MI IN T TRONG DOANH NGHIP

Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2011

Chng II Tnh hnh ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip

Doanh nghip ln SME

Bo co Thng mi in t Vit Nam 2011

Khc CNTT v TM T Nng, lm, th y s n Ti chnh, ngn hng, b t ng s n

Xy d ng, v n t i, kho bi D ch v S n xu t, cng nghi p, n ng l Th ng

Chng II Tnh hnh ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip

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