Problem 2.

80 A generator circuit with Vg = 200 V and Rg = 25 was used to excite a 75- lossless line with a rectangular pulse of duration = 0.4 s. The line is 200 m long, its up = 2 108 m/s, and it is terminated in a load RL = 125 . (a) Synthesize the voltage pulse exciting the line as the sum of two step functions, Vg1 (t ) and Vg2 (t ). (b) For each voltage step function, generate a bounce diagram for the voltage on the line. (c) Use the bounce diagrams to plot the total voltage at the sending end of the line. Solution:

25

t=0 Z0 = 75 125

+
200 V

200 m

Figure P2.80: (a) Circuit for Problem 2.80.

(a) pulse length = 0.4 s. Vg (t ) = Vg1 (t ) + Vg2 (t ), with Vg1 (t ) = 200 U (t ) (V), Vg2 (t ) = 200 U (t 0.4 s) (V). (b) T= 200 l = = 1 s. up 2 108

We will divide the problem into two parts, one for Vg1 (t ) and another for Vg2 (t ) and then we will use superposition to determine the solution for the sum. The solution for Vg2 (t ) will mimic the solution for Vg1 (t ), except for a reversal in sign and a delay by 0.4 s.

V(t) Vg (t)
200 V
1

t
0.4 s -200 V

Vg (t)
2

Figure P2.80: (b) Solution of part (a).

For Vg1 (t ) = 200 U (t ): Rg Z0 25 75 = = 0.5, Rg + Z0 25 + 75 ZL Z0 125 75 = = 0.25, L = ZL + Z0 125 + 75 200 75 V1 Z0 = = 150 V, V1+ = R g + Z0 25 + 75 Vg ZL 200 125 V = = = 166.67 V. R g + ZL 25 + 125 g = (i) V1 (0, t ) at sending end due to Vg1 (t ):

 = g = - 1 2 z=0 t=0

Vg (t)
1

= L = 1 4 z = 200 m

V1+ = 150V 1 s

37.5V 2 s -18.75V 3 s -4.69V 4 s 2.34V 5 s

0.56V 6 s t

-0.28V t

Figure P2.80: (c) Bounce diagram for voltage in reaction to Vg1 (t ).

(ii) V2 (0, t ) at sending end due to Vg2 (t ):

 = g = - 1 2 z=0 t = 0.4 s

Vg (t)
2

= L = 1 4 z = 200 m V1+ = -150V 1.4 s

-37.5V 2.4 s 18.75V 3.4 s 4.69V 4.4 s -2.34V 5.4 s

-0.56V 6.4 s t

0.28V t

Figure P2.80: (d) Bounce diagram for voltage in reaction to Vg2 (t ).

(b) (i) V1 (0, t ) at sending end due to Vg1 (t ): see Fig. P2.80(e). (ii) V2 (0, t ) at sending end: see Fig. P2.80(f).

V1 ( 0, t )

168.75 150V

166.41

167.58

166.67

t (s) 2 4 6

Figure P2.80: (e) V1 (0, t ).

V2 ( 0, t )

0.4

2.4

4.4

6.4

t (s)

-150V -168.75 -166.41 -167.58 -166.67

Figure P2.80: (f) V2 (0, t ).

(iii) Net voltage V (0, t ) = V1 (0, t ) + V2 (0, t ): see Fig. P2.80(g).

V ( 0, t )

150V

18.75 4 4.4 0.4 2 2.4 -2.34 0.28 6 6.4 t (s)

Figure P2.80: (g) Net voltage V (0, t ).