ARUN PRAKASH

AEY3062
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The ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT was a reformist movement, at first inspired by the writings of John Ruskin, that was at its height ca. 18801910. The movement influenced British decorative arts, architecture, cabinet making, crafts,the 'cottage' garden designs of William Robinson or Gertrude Jekyll. Its best known practitioners were William Morris, Charles Robert Ashbee, T. J. Cobden Sanderson, Walter Crane, Charles Rennie Mackintosh and artists in the Pre-Raphaelite movement. It was part of the major English aesthetic movement of the last years of the 19th century. In the United States the term is often used to denote the style of interior design that prevailed between the dominant eras of Art Nouveau and Art Deco, or roughly the period from 1910 to 1925.

The Arts and Crafts Movement began in England in the 1860s as a reform movement.

Its primary proponents were John Ruskin (1819-1900) and William Morris (1834-1896). Ruskin, its philosophical leader, was the most influential of all Victorian writers on the arts and a member of the Pre-Raphaelite movement. The Pre-Raphaelites believed the medieval world was purer in form than the post-Renaissance world because it was more closely tied to nature.

Wall painting

On glass

WILLIAM MORRIS. Along with architect Philip Webb, painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti, he founded Morris & Co. in 1875. The guild was to create simple furniture, stained glass, and even wallpaper that united beauty, craftsmanship, and utility. He also founded the Kelmscott Press, a small book printing and binding company that became known for its outstanding examples of the book arts. He used the press to publish many of his own writings, thereby promoting the Arts and Crafts movement in both the content and style of the books.

influenced by socialism. He believed society would be vastly improved by a return to the pre-industrial revolution days where craftsmen were both the designers and the manufacturers of products. Succinctly put, Morris sought to reunite "head and hand."

Morris was not wholly successful in translating the Arts and Crafts philosophy into a practical application.
obstacles how to produce beautiful handcrafted items that could be affordable to the working classes. most British Arts and Crafts items remained the luxury of the upper classes. Beginning in the 1880s, major exhibitions of materials identified as "Arts and Crafts" were held.

RUSKIN Ruskin believed the decorative arts affected the men who produced them. The machine dehumanized the worker and led to a loss of dignity because it removed him from the artistic process and thus, nature itself. As Ruskin stated, "all cast from the machine is bad, as work it is dishonest."

Ruskin _ the philosophical foundation of the Arts and Crafts Movement William Morris who became its leader. Morris took Ruskin's ideas about nature, art, morality, and the degradation of human labor and translated them into a unified theory of design. Morris successfully wedded aesthetics and social reform into the Arts and Crafts Movement.

Parallel movements emerged around the world, Arts and Crafts laid the foundations for international approaches to design and lifestyle in the 20th century through new attitudes to work, design and the home. Movement from its flourishing in Britain in the 1880s, through the widespread espousal of Arts and Crafts ideals and their interpretation and development in America and Europe, to its final manifestation as the Mingei (folk craft) movement in Japan from 1926 to 1945
Global Influence

1 Britan 2 America 3 central and northern Europe and Scandainavia 4 Japan

Britain
The British movement focused on the richly detailed gothic style. Their interior walls were either white-washed or covered in wallpaper depicting medieval themes. The pottery and textile designs were intricate, colorful and realistic. While the original intent was to provide handmade goods to the common man, the cost of paying craftsmen an honest wage resulted in higher prices than the common man could afford. This limited the movement to the upper class.

AMERICA America, the Arts and Crafts Movement became a focus for the development of a national style. America looked to its own heritage such as native American and Indian Crafts for inspiration. bolder and more commercially aware than in Britain, influencing domestic design across the United States. Arts and Crafts in the Eastern Seaboard, the Midwest and California, was adapted according to climate, geography and lifestyle.

The American movement drew inspiration from the materials, choosing to highlight the grain of the wood or the form of the pot. walls of rich wood tones, relegating wallpaper to borders. Paints were in rich earth tones. Furniture and architectural details were designed to take advantage of machines allowing the individual craftsmen to assemble the furniture and finish the wood. The use of machines lowered the cost, making the furniture, pottery and metalwork affordable and therefore available to "the people".

CENTRAL AND NORTHERN EUROPE AND SCANDINAVIA

In Europe and Scandinavia, organizations and groups of artists modeled themselves on the guilds and communities in Britain. Designed objects inspired by a strong sense of nationalism. Traditional techniques were revived and combined with a modern style that was both ageless and innovative

JAPAN The Mingei (Folk craft) movement in Japan was the last significant manifestation of the Arts and Crafts Movement. Mingei was a radical, modern, urban, progressive movement. It grew out of the association of Soetsu Yanagi with Shoji Hamada, Tomimoto Kenkichi, Kawai Kanjiro and the Englishman, Bernard Leach, in the 1920s.

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