TRNG I HC S PHM THNH PH H CHI MINH

KHOA SINH HC LP SINH 3B

SINH L THC VAT
NHM 8
-----------------------------------------------

GVHD: Ts. L Th| Trung
Th.s Luong Th| L Tho
SVTH: L Hong Thi Vinh
Nguyn Th| Thm
L Hng Vn
H hp thc vt Sinh III - B
TPHCM, Ngay 28 thang 10 nm 2010
Trang 2
H hp thc vt Sinh III - B
MJC LJC
I. LCH S NGHIN CU........................................................................................ 4
II. H HP THC VT......................................................................................... 4
A. Khi qut v h hp thc vt.........................................4
1. h!i ni"#$ .................................................................................................. 4
2. Ph%&n' ()*nh h h+, (-n' ./!($ ..................................................................0
B. C ch h hp thc vt..................................................5
a. hp !" !h#....................................................................$
1. H h+, hi2/ 3h4.................................................................................................. 5
C. hp %ng.....................................................................&'
(. h)*p va+ v)*n ,-+ .a/0 qua/n nng %a/n th12c ph)/3............&4
Trang 6
H hp thc vt Sinh III - B
M AU
5uang h2p va+ h h)*p 6a+ hai
qua* tri+nh tra*i ng12c nhau
nh1ng / th12c v)2t 3u*n %inh
tr1/ng va+ pha*t tri-/n t*t thi+
!hng th-/ thi-*u 32t tr0ng hai
qua* tri+nh na+7.
Tu7 nhi-n ,*i v*i vi-2c .a/0
qua/n nng %a/n thi+ %a08
h)*p c0* 6a+3 !h0* !h9n ha7
a/nh h1/ng gi+ !hng8
:-*u c0* thi+ c0* nh1;ng ph1ng pha*p na+0 ,-/ ha2n ch-*< gia/3 thi-/u .* t a/nh h1/ng
cu/a n0*.
I. LJCH SU NGHIN CUU
&==> ? &=@'A BngCnh0u%D chE ra rFng tG7 vH0 ,iu !iIn chiu %ng c)7 Janh
!hng chE hp thK !h# cac.0nic< thLi 0Ji 3H cMn JL7 ra qu trNnh ng1Oc 6Pi.
&@4QA RiC.ig ,S phT nhn % tUn tPi cTa qu trNnh h hp tr0ng c)7 Janh.
CuVi TK &> ? ,Wu TK Q'A nghi-n cXu thc nghiI3 ,S chXng 3inh % tUn tPi
cTa qu trNnh h hp c)7 Janh.
II. H HP O THC VAT
A. Khi qut v h hp o thc vt
1. Khi nim:
hp thc vt 6H qu trNnh 0Ji hYa %inh hZc cc hOp cht h[u c \chT 7u
6H ]6uc0%C^ thHnh C_
Q
vH
Q
_< ,Ung th`i giLi phYng 3at phWn n9ng 61Ong cWn
thit ch0 h0Pt ,ang %Vng cTa c thb ,1Oc t#ch 6c7 tr0ng ATd.
Trang 4
H hp thc vt Sinh III - B
2. Phuong trnh h hp tng qut:
C
$

&Q
_
$
e $_
Q
f$C_
Q
e $
Q
_ e :9ng 61Ong \nhiIt e ATd^
B. Co ch h hp o thc vt
1. NG PHAN
]+3 &' pha/n 1*ngA .9*t ,)+u 6a+ ]6uc0%C va+ !-*t thu*c 6a+ ta20 Q ph)n t1/ d7ruvatC
gu*t ca/ qua* tri+nh ta20 ra ,12c QATd va+ Q:A(.
Trang 0
2 Axetyl CoA (2 cacbon)
CREP
4C_
Q
Qh
A
(
e
$:
A
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A
(

QhA
(
Q
QA
Td
QA
(
d
g ,U tY3 tit chu trNnh KrC.%
Chu trNnh KrC.%
Chuji chu7-/n ,i-2n t1/
k1`ng ph)n
]6uc0%C \$ cac.0n^ ]6uc0%C \$ cac.0n^
A
T
d
A
(
d
A
T
d
A
(
d
:
A
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(e
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:
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(

QA
Td
QA
Td
AJit p7ruvic AJit p7ruvic
\4 cac.0n^ \4 cac.0n^
AJit p7ruvic AJit p7ruvic
\4 cac.0n^ \4 cac.0n^
g ,U tY3 tit qu trNnh ,1`ng ph)n
H hp thc vt Sinh III - B
2. H hp hiu khi va h hp ki khi
a. H hp ky kh
Ln men:
AJit p7ruvic .in ,li
thC0 c0n ,1`ng 73 !h#
thC0 cc hNnh thXc 6-n
3Cn tP0 ra cc hOp cht
,n giLn hn cMn chXa
nhiu n9ng 61Ong.
TG7 thuac vH0 %Ln phm3
hNnh thHnh tr0ng qu
trNnh 6-n 3Cn ng1`i ta
ph)n .iIt cc nPng 6-n
3CnA 6-n 3Cn r1Ou< 6-n
3Cn 6actic< .ut7rico
Trang 7
H hp thc vt Sinh III - B
Ln men acid lactic
Ln men ru
b. H hp
hiu kh
kiu !iInA !hi cY 0Ji
Chu trNnh CrCpA nipn ra
tr0ng c cht cTa ti thb.
A.p7ruvic \!hq C_
Q
< tch

Q
^ AJCt76 C0A e
Q:A( KrC.% $
:A( e QhA(
Q
e
QATd
Trang 5
89h:;)<'9n=>9
89?=?1<@:A'9n
=>9
H hp thc vt Sinh III - B
3. Chui chuyn din va phosphoryl hoa
inr0 tch ra tr aJit p7ruvic tr0ng chu trNnh KrC.% ,12c chu7-/n ,-*n chu;i
chu7-+n ,i-2n t1/ va+ ph0%ph0r76 h0*a.
a. Chui huyn din tu \JL7 ra 3Hng tr0ng ti thb^A ,iIn tq ,1Oc vn
chu7bn tr :A( ,n _
Q
!hng !h# nh` chuji h hp ,b tP0 n-n _
Q-
rUi
!t hOp vsi Q
e
,b tP0 thHnh n1sc.
Chu giai cc phc hp trn mng:
- C03p6CJ B \:A(-nCh7nr0gCna%C^.
Trang B
H hp thc vt Sinh III - B
- C03p6CJ BB \guccinatC nCh7nr0gCna%C^
- C03p6CJ BBB \5-c7t0chr03C c 0Jin0rCnucta%C^
- C03p6CJ Bt \C7t0chr03C c 0Jina%C^.
- ATd g7ntha%C
b. Phosphoryl ha
- kiIn tq ,1Oc chu7bn qua h hp thN tua ra n9ng 61Ong
- :9ng 61Ong ,1Oc 6i-n !t vH0 6i-n !t ca0 n9ng ph0%phat cTa ATd nh`
phLn Xng ph0%ph0r76 hYaA
ADP + Pi 32ATP
Tng kt nng lung
So snh 2 co ch
Trang C
H hp thc vt Sinh III - B
im so snh H hp k| kh H hp hiu kh
_Ji
Khng c)+n C)+n
:i JL7 ra
T-* .a+0 ch)*t T7 th-/
gLn phm3
C_
Q
< r12u Cti6ic h092c aJit 6actic C_
Q
<
Q
_
:9ng 61Ong t#ch
6c7
Khng ti*ch 6u;7 n9ng 612ng Ti*ch tu;7 4Q ATd
C. H hp sng
(Cc!Cr \&>55^< vC6ittch \&>$>^ ,S pht hiIn ra hiIn t1Ong thLi C_
Q
%au 3at
th`i gian chiu %ng 3at %V c)7.
:h1 v7 nh[ng c)7 nH7 cc %Ln
phm3 % cp cTa quang hOp ,S .w
ph)n hux thHnh C_
Q
ng0Hi %ng.
g hp thK _
Q
cGng vsi % thLi
C_
Q
JL7 ra phK thuac vH0 nh
%ng n-n ,1Oc gZi 6H h hp %ng
\quang h hp^.
:h[ng c)7 nH7 h hp ,Ung hHnh
vsi quang hOp.
hp %ng cY thb ti-u ha0 Q'-
5'y %Ln phm3 cTa quang hOp.
a. Chu trnh h hp sang
Chu trNnh nH7 JL7 ra 4 .H0 quanA
z RKc 6Pp
z dCr0JiJ03
Trang 1D
H hp thc vt Sinh III - B
z Ti thb
_Ji ,1Oc hp thK Q giai ,0Pn tr0ng Q .H0 quan !hc nhau
lc lpA tr cc %Ln phm3 cTa chu trNnh Ca6vin 6H ribulose - 1,5
bisphosphate tch ra cc ,0Pn QC ,b hNnh thHnh aJit g67c06ic.
peroxyxomA aJit g67c06ic .w 0Ji h0 vsi % cY 3{t cTa CnD73
g67c06at0J7naD. 5u trNnh nH7 cY % hp thK 0Ji vH giLi phYng
Q
_
Q
.
ty th A Tr hai ph)n tq g67Jin tP0 ra 3at ph)n tq JCrin vH giLi phYng
C_
Q
. k)7 6H phLn Xng thCn chVt n|n ,n giLi phYng C_
Q
tr0ng h hp
%ng A gau ,Y %Crin .in ,li thHnh 4-ph0tph0g67JCratC vH qua7 6Pi chu
trNnh Ca6vin.
b. }c dim cua h hp sng:
Trang 11
H hp thc vt Sinh III - B
hp %ng 6H 3at qu trNnh cY hPi ch0 quang h2p nY 6H3 giL3
quang hOp Q'-4'y< tr1`ng hOp ,{c .iIt cY thb giL3 quang hOp ,n
&''y.
iIn na7 ch1a cY chXng 3inh nH0 v 3{t cY 6Oi cTa h hp %ng.
hp %ng !hc h hp tVi chj h hp %ng 6H qu trNnh phK thuac
nhiu vH0 0J7 vH nh %ng.
hp %ng chT 7u thc vt C
3
< !hng cY h0{c rt 7u thc vt C
4

n0 h0Pt t#nh 0J7gCna%C 60Hi nH7 giL3 nh` tE %V C_
Q
}_
Q
tr0ng t .H0 .a0
.Y 3Pch ca0. ~{t !hc .t !N % thLi C_
Q
nH0 tr t .H0 .a0 .Y 3Pch ,u
,1Oc ,Ung hYa 6Pi .i dd-car.0J76a%C cTa t .H0 thwt 6< vN v7 6H3
giL3 h hp %ng. C)7 CA~ cY quang h hp 7u vH tha7 ,Vi n-n !hY
Jc ,wnh.
hp %ng !hng tP0 th-3 n9ng 61Ong< cY ngha nht ,wnh !hi giLi
phYng & %V aJit a3in.
` So snh gia quang hp v h hp o thc vt:
Quang hp H hp
Chc nng :9ng 61Ong n tr[ :9ng 61Ong giLi phYng
Bo quan RKc 6Pp Ti thb
Cht tham
gia phan ng
C_
Q
vH
Q
_ C
$

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_
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vH _
Q
San phm C
$

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vH

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Q
C_
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vH
Q
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Phuong trnh
phan ng
$C_
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e $
Q
_ 6ight

C
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hp vH quang hOp 6H hai qu trNnh %inh 6 trung t)3 cTa thc vt. ~Vi
quan hI gi[a h hp vsi quang hOp !h phXc tPp. kY 6H quan hI vra cPnh
tranh vra hj trO 6Wn nhau. hp vra cY 6Oi vra cY hPi ch0 quang hOp.
Trang 12
H hp thc vt Sinh III - B
hp cung cp .l %ung th-3 nguUn n9ng 61Ong ATd< cung cp cc %Ln
phm3 trung gian 6H3 ngu7-n 6iIu ch0 quang h2p.
B-n cPnh nh[ng tc nKng t#ch cc cTa h hp ,-*n quang hOp< g)7 cLn tr
,ng !b ch0 quang hOp.
hp cMn cPnh tranh nguUn n9ng 61Ong nh %ng vsi quang hOp \h hp
%ng^ n0 ,Y 6H3 giL3 .st nguUn n9ng 61Ong cTa quang hOp.
D. H hp va vn d bao quan nng san thuc phm
a) n!h"a c#a h$ h%p &'i ()i *+o ,u+n c-c &'i tn! th.c (/t
hp cY 3at ngha 6sn ,Vi vsi viIc .L0 quLn cc ,Vi t1Ong thc
vt. ibu ,1Oc 3Vi 6i-n quan gi[a h hp vsi cc ,iu !iIn ng0Pi cLnh<
cY thb ,iu !hibn cc ,Vi t1Ong .L0 quLn gi[ ,1Oc cht 61Ong thC0 3Kc
,#ch cTa 3Nnh.
ThC0 quan ,ib3 hiIn na7< tr0ng qu trNnh .L0 quLn cc ,Vi t1Ong thc
vt< cWn phLi tP0 ra nh[ng ,iu !iIn ,L3 .L0 ch0 h hp v|n JL7 ra
.Nnh th1`ng vsi c1`ng ,a thp \gWn 3Xc tVi thibu^< nh1ng v|n ,L3 .L0
ch0 cc qu trNnh tra0 ,li cht nipn ra .Nnh th1`ng.
*) 0nh h1n! c#a h$ h%p tron! ,u- tr2nh *+o ,u+n:
hp ti-u ha0 cht h[u c cTa ,Vi t1Ong .L0 quLn< n0 ,Y 6H3 giL3
%V 61Ong vH cht 61Ong tr0ng qu trNnh .L0 quLn.
hp 6H3 t9ng nhiIt ,a tr0ng 3i tr1`ng .L0 quLn< n0 ,Y 6H3 t9ng
c1`ng ,a h hp cTa ,Vi t1Ong .L0 quLn.
hp 6H3 t9ng ,a m3 cTa ,Vi t1Ong .L0 quLn< n0 ,Y 6H3 t9ng c1`ng
,a h hp cTa ,Vi t1Ong .L0 quLn.
hp 6H3 tha7 ,li thHnh phWn !h# tr0ng 3i tr1`ng .L0 quLn
c) C-c *i3n ph-p 4h'n! ch5 h$ h%p tron! *+o ,u+n n$n! ph6m
Khng ch m ca nng phm
tsi cc 60Pi hPtA phLi phi !h hPt ,Pt ,a m3 cTa nY
tN h hp %Ln %inh n1sc 6H3 ,a m3 cTa hPt t9ng 6-n< n-n thEnh th0Lng
phLi phi 6Pi hPt ,b ,1a ,a m3 v ,a m3 an t0Hn.
Trang 16
H hp thc vt Sinh III - B
Khng ch m ca nng phm
tsi cc 60Pi rau< h0a quL 6un gi[ tr0ng ,iu !iIn ,a m3 gWn .S0 hMa
.Fng t1si vH phun n1sc.
Khng ch nhit
Khi giL3 nhiIt ,a thN h hp giL3< n-n ng1`i ta %q nKng nhiIt ,a thp
,b .L0 quLn nng %Ln phm3.
Khng ch nhit
tsi cc 60Pi hPt< cT ,b giVng thN viIc .L0 quLn tr0ng ,iu !iIn nhiIt
,a thp cMn cY hiIu Xng thX hai rt quan trZng 6H chng ,1Oc Ju)n
hYa. Khi ,C3 giC0 trUng vK %au< chng rt ngin th`i gian %inh tr1ng<
ra h0a %s3< %inh tr1ng tVto
Khng ch thnh phn kh trong mi trng bo qun
Khi t9ng nUng ,a C_
Q
vH giL3 nUng ,a _
Q
tr0ng 3i tr1`ng .L0 quLn
thN Xc ch h hp.
tsi cc 60Pi hPt !h< viIc Xc ch h hp !hng g)7 tc hPi vN c1`ng
,a h hp cTa chng rt thp.
tsi cc 3 t1i %Vng nh1 rau< h0a< quL< !hi t9ng nUng ,a !
"
vH
giL3 hH3 61Ong !
"
thN 6H3 giL3 ,ng !b h hp cTa chng.
C 3 phuong php c th khng ch thnh phn kh:
BL0 quLn !#n
BL0 quLn 3
BL0 quLn tr0ng !h# .in.
7+o ,u+n 48n
tr0ng ti p06iCti6Cn ha7 tr0ng chu3< vPi %Hnh< %Xo cY hiIu quL rt
tVt. tN % t9ng C_
Q
vH giL3 _
Q
,1Oc !hVng ch tr0ng thb t#ch .L0
quLn n-n 6H3 giL3 h hp vH ti-u ha0 cht h[u c.
Trang 14
H hp thc vt Sinh III - B
Th1`ng %q nKng nhiu tr0ng .L0 quLn cc 60Pi nng phm3 giHu
pr0tCin vH cht .0.
Ccng ,1Oc %q nKng tr0ng .L0 quLn vH vn chu7bn h0a quL Jut !hmu
nh1 chuVi.
7+o ,u+n m1
tr0ng !h0 nng phm3 vsi % J)3 nhp t n0 cTa !hng !h#
th1`ng ,1Oc p nKng ch0 cc 60Pi hPt nh1 cc hPt ngc cVc o 3H
!hng cWn phLi !hVng ch 0J7
7+o ,u+n tron! 4h8 *i5n
RH ph1ng php .L0 quLn ti-n tin tr0ng ,Y %q nKng !h# C_
Q
< :
Q
vH
_
Q
vsi tx 6I nht ,wnh tG7 thC0 60Pi nng phm3A ph1ng php ch0
hiIu quL rt ca0< giL3 tVi thibu ha0 hKt !hVi 61Ong vH .L0 tUn cht
61Ong cTa nng phm3o
d9 ca:c *i;n pha:p *a<o ,ua<n
#o qun kh
Th1`ng %q nKng ,b .L0 quLn cc 60Pi hPt tr0ng cc !h0 6sn.
Tr1sc !hi ,1a hPt vH0 !h0< hPt ,1Oc phi !h vsi ,a m3 !h0Lng &4-
&$y tu thC0 trng 60Pi hPt
#o qun $%nh
dhWn 6sn cc 60Pi thc phm3< rau quL ,1Oc .L0 quLn .Fng ph1ng php
nH7.
Chng ,1Oc gi[ tr0ng cc !h0 6Pnh< tT 6Pnh cc ng9n cY nhiIt ,a !hc
nhau.
#o qun trong i&u kin n'ng !
"
cao
k)7 6H .iIn php .L0 quLn hiIn ,Pi vH ch0 hiIu quL .L0 quLn ca0.
BiIn php nH7 th1`ng %q nKng cc !h0 !#n cY nUng ,a C_
Q
ca0 h0{c
,n giLn hn 6H cc ti p06iCti6Cn.
Trang 10
H hp thc vt Sinh III - B
Tu7 nhi-n viIc Jc ,wnh nUng ,a C_
Q
th#ch hOp 6H ,iu ht %Xc quan
trZng ,Vi vsi cc ,Vi t1Ong .L0 quLn vH 3Kc ,#ch .L0 quLn.
E. Tai liu tham khao
z Bu+i Trang ti-2t< Q''Q< ginh 67* th12c v)2t ,a2i c1ng - ph)+n &- (inh n1;ng<
:B ka2i h02c qu*c gia Td.C~.
z tu; t9n tu2< Q''>< ginh 6 hZc thc vt< :B ]i0 nKc tiIt :a3
z i+nh a/nhA trang C. ]00g6C
z httpA}}thuviCn%inhh0c.c03}na7-h0c}na7-h0c-%inh-h0c-&&}$>5-h0-hp-va-
vn-.0-qun-n0ng-%n8%tart4
z httpA}}.nthu.Cnu.vn}.gnt}B]}:gu7CnyQ'Ki3
yQ'Bup}BaigiangniCntu%6tv}Chu0ng$}C$3@.ht3
Trang 17