UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL BMCF 2223 MEKANIK BENDALIR I TUTORIAL 5

BUOYANCY

1. A piece of irregularly shaped metal weighs 300 N in air ( air = 1.293 kg/m3). When the metal is completely submerged in water, it weighs 232.5 N. Determine the volume of the metal. [0.00689 m3] 2. A balloon weighs 700 N and has a volume of 200 m3. It is filled with helium (helium = 0.179 kgm-3). What load will the balloon support, or what downward force is required to keep it from rising, if the density of air is 1.293 kgm-3? [1.486 kN] 3. A spherical buoy has a diameter of 1.5 m, weighs 8.50 KN, and is anchored to the sea floor with a cable as is shown in Figure 1. Although the buoy normally floats on the surface, at certain times the water depth increases so that the buoy is completely immersed as illustrated. For this condition what is the tension of the cable? Given, density of the sea water = 1025 kg/m3. [9.27 kN] Seawater Buoy Cabl Figure 1

4. A concrete cube, 0.3 m on each side, is having the specific gravity of 2.4. Determine the magnitude and direction of the force necessary to hold it in equilibrium and completely submerged (a) in mercury, and (b) in water. [(a) 2.96 kN Downward, (b) 0.37 kN Upward] 5. A 20 cm diameter solid cylinder 7 cm high weighing 1.5 kg is immersed in water (1000 kg/m3) contained in a tall, upright metal cylinder of 25 cm inside diameter as shown in Figure 2. Before immersion, the liquid was 7 cm deep (x + z = 7 cm). At what level will the solid cylinder float (z = ?)? [0.053 m]
20 cm

1.5 kg

y x z

Water ( = 1000 kg/m3)

0.666 m

Figure 2

25 cm

1.3 m

6. A solid wood cylinder with a diameter of 0.666 m, height of 1.3 m and the specific gravity of 0.61 relative to water. Would the cylinder be stable if it is placed vertically in oil (s.g. = 0.85) as shown in Figure 3? (Given I = d4/64) [D = 0.933 m, GM = - 0.154 m, unstable]

Figure 3 1

rock. The barge is 7 m wide, 17 m long, and 2.5 m deep (Figure 4). If the barge and rock weigh 2.0 MN, determine the depth of submergence, d of the barge in water. [1.71 m]

Rock 2.5 m Barge 17 m Figure 4 d

8. A stone weights 86 N in air ( air = 1.293 kg/m3). When submerged in water it weighs 43 N. Find its volume and specific gravity. [4.383 x 10-3 m3, 2]

9. Consider the diagram. A 0.15 x 0.15 x 3.6 m wooden stick is hinged to the point A in water (Figure 5). The weight of the stick is 700N. Determine the angle . [38.41]

Figure 5

10. A rectangular pontoon floating in seawater (density 1025 kg/m3) is 8 m long, 7 m broad and 3 m deep (Figure 6). It weighs 600 kN. It carries on its upper deck an employ boiler 4 m diameter weighing 400 kN. The centre of gravity of the pontoon and boiler are at their geometric centres along a vertical line. Is the system stable? (Take I = [Final BMCF 2223-Sem2Sesi0203] [0.29]
bd 3 ) 12

C2 R2 m C h h/2 C1 B A 7m Figure 6 11. The density of a liquid is to be determined by an old 1-cm-diameter cylindrical hydrometer whose division marks are completely wiped out. The hydrometer is first dropped in water, and the water level is marked. The hydrometer is then dropped into the other liquid, and it is observed that the mark for water has risen 0.5 cm above the liquid-air interface (see Figure 7). If the height of the water mark is 10 cm, determine the density of the liquid. [1053 kg/m3] 1.5 m

Mark for water 0.5 cm Unknown liquid Figure 7 2

10 cm