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A. KIN THC C BN
I. CC I LNG TRUNG BNH CA HAI !" KH#NG $%
Vi hai s khng m a, b. K hiu:

2
a b
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+

l trung bnh cng ca hai s a, b.


G ab l trung bnh nhn ca hai s a, b.

2 2
2
a b
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+
l trung bnh ton phng ca hai s a, b.

2
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l trung bnh iu ha ca hai s d!ng a, b..
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2
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+
+
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+


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+
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K4% h56 ,-., ,/., ,3. %a c# Q A G H.
7$u 89: %;<ng c2c b$% &'ng %h(c n+ &=u >?+ ;a khi a 9 b.
0@ ;Ang ;a ch< n s khng m
1 2 3
, , ,...,
n
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%a cBng c#:
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.
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.
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.
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CC I LNG TRUNG BNH CA CC S
KHNG M
BT NG THC AM GM
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Ch :
A, G, Q, H %hC< %h( %D l Ei4% %F% ca c2c %* arithmetic mean ,%;ung
bGnh cAng., geometric mean ,%;ung bGnh nhn., quadratic mean ,%;ung
bGnh %<n 6h!ng. E harmonic mean ,%;ung bGnh &i=u hHa..
II. B&T 'NG THC A% ( G%
"hC< 6hIn I. %hG %a &J c# mi liKn h giLa c2c &Mi l5ng %;ung bGnh ca c2c s
khng m: Q A G H. ";<ng &#, b$% &'ng %h(c A G %hNng &5c sO dPng
h!n c? E &5c gQi l bt ng th!c gi"a trung bnh cng # trung bnh nhn
ha+ bt ng th!c $%&'% ,gQi %F% l bt ng th!c $&'.. )2ch gQi %Kn n+ kh2
6hR bi4n @ nc ng<i, nh$% l @ c2c nc Su, 0T. U Vi% Vam, ngNi %a EWn
XuCn gQi l bt ng th!c Cauch( ,)Ysi.. Z+ l mA% c2ch gQi sai lIm EG b$%
&'ng %h(c n+ khng 6h?i d< )auch+ 6h2% hin ;a m %hDc ;a ng ch[ l ngNi
&a ;a 6h\6 ch(ng minh b$% &'ng %h(c n+ b]ng phng ph)p qu( n*p +i,u
Cauch(. )2ch ch(ng minh n+ ;$% ha+ E nRi %i4ng, &4n n^i nhi=u ngNi lIm
%@ng )auch+ l ngNi 6h2% hin ;a b$% &'ng %h(c n+.
VAi dung ca b$% &'ng %h(c n+ nh sau:
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1 2 3
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%a c#:
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n
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.
H Xu?: "a c# mA% s b$% &'ng %h(c ;$% XuCn %huAc E l h Xu? ca b$% &'ng
%h(c A0YG0 nh sau:
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Ch :
0t ng th!c Cauch( %ha% ;a lMi l b$% &'ng %h(c sau:
( ) ( ) ( )
2
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a b > + a> b+ + + +
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a> b+
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a b
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c$% &'ng %h(c n+ &dng Ei / bA s %hDc b$% kG ,a e b. E ,> e +..
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0t ng th!c Cauch( nKu %;Kn cHn c# nhi=u %Kn gQi kh2c nh b$%
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2ch3ar4 ,fNYE2c. h<1c b]ng c2i %Kn ;$% di Cauch( & 0un(a+o#1+( &
2ch3ar4. Vhi=u %i liu @ Vi% Vam lMi Ei4% %hC< kibu ng5c lMi, %(c l
0un(a+o#1+( & Cauch( & 2ch3ar4, d< &# b$% &'ng %h(c n+ &5c Ei4%
%F% l 0C2.
Augus%in g<uis )auch+ ,-hij Y -ikh. l nh %<2n hQc ngNi lh26,
Vik%<; mak<ElCEich cun+ak<Esk+ ,-i`n Y -iij. l nh %<2n hQc Vga E
HC;mann Amandus fchoa;p ,-in3 Y -j/-., nh %<2n hQc Z(c. Vqm
-i/-, )auch+ ch(ng minh b$% &'ng %h(c n+ %;<ng %;Nng h56 c2c
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cun+ak<Esk+ %hu &5c dMng %ch 6hn ca b$% &'ng %h(c, k4% Xu? %Rng
Xu2% &5c fchoa;p ch(ng minh nqm -iik.
B. CC NG +,NG CA B&T 'NG THC A% ( G%
)h(ng minh b$% &'ng %h(c
"Gm gi2 %;r ln nh$%, gi2 %;r nhs nh$% ca mA% bibu %h(c
"Gm gi2 %;r ln nh$%, gi2 %;r nhs nh$% %;<ng bi %<2n hGnh hQc
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)2c (ng dPng kh2c ,gi?i 6h!ng %;Gnh, h 6h!ng %;Gnh, ch(ng
minh c2c mnh &= %<2n hQct.
I. CHNG %INH B&T 'NG THC
-. +, /. Hy chng minh cc h qu nu trn ca bt ng thc !"#!.
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