Lines and Circles

By: Winnie W. Poli MT-I, MNHS

Intersection of Lines
Consider two lines L1 and L2 Do L1 and L2 always have a point of intersection? When will they have a point of intersection? How do you find the point of intersection if there exists ?
Lines & Circles Winnie W. Poli

Lines and Circles

No Point of Intersection Two Points of Intersection

One Point of Intersection

Lines & Circles Winnie W. Poli

Finding the Point of Intersection

Solve a system of two equations, one of which is linear in x and y and the other is quadratic in x and y.

y m x b Ax Cy Dx Ey F 0, A C
2 2

This system of 2 equations can be solved by substitution.

Lines & Circles Winnie W. Poli

Problem 1
Where does the line y = -x + 1 intersect the circle x2 + y2 = 25? Algebraic Solution: Graphical Solution (By Geogebra)
2 + 2 = 25 2 + ( + 1)2 = 25 by subs. 2 + 2 2 + 1 25 = 0 2 2 2 24 = 0 2 12 = 0 4 + 3 = 0 = 4 , = 4 + 1 = 3 = 3 , = 3 + 1 = 4 The points of intersection are (4, -3) and (-3,4).

Lines & Circles Winnie W. Poli

Problem 2
Show that the line y = - x + 8 does not intersect the circle x2 + y2 = 25.

Lines & Circles Winnie W. Poli

Algebraic Solution: Problem 2

+ ( + 8) = 25 Show that the 2 2 + 16 + 64 25 = 0 line y = - x + 8 2 2 16x + 39 = 0 does not (16) (16)2 4(2)(39) intersect the = 2 2 circle x + y = 2(2) 16 256 312 25.
= 2(2) Hence, there is no point of intersection.
Lines & Circles Winnie W. Poli

Answers
x2 + y2 = 5 & y = -x + 3 x2 + y 2 = 4 & y = -x + 4 (2,1) & (1,2) No pt. of intersection
2 21 ( , ) 5 5 42 1 , ) 2 2

x2

y2

-4x -6y + 9 = 0 &

2x + y = 5
1 2

& (2,1)
42 1 , ) 2 2

x2 + y2 = 11

& =

& ( (3,0)

x2 + y2 -6x + 9 = 0 & x+ y = 3
Lines & Circles Winnie W. Poli

Practice Exercises
Find the point or points of intersection , if any, of the given line and circle. 1. x2 + y2 = 5 & y = -x + 3 2. x2 + y2 = 4 & y = -x + 4 3. x2 + y2 -4x -6y + 9 = 0 & 2x + y = 5 1 2 2 4. x + y = 11 & y 2 5. x2 + y2 -6x + 9 = 0 & x+ y = 3
Lines & Circles Winnie W. Poli

Determining the Number of Intersection

The discriminant in the quadratic equation that will result after the substitution will tell how many points of intersection there will be between the line and the circle. d < 0, there is no point of intersection d = 0, there is one point of intersection d > 0, there are two points of intersection
Lines & Circles Winnie W. Poli

Problem 3
Determine the y- intercept b of the line y = -x + b that is tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = 25.

Lines & Circles Winnie W. Poli

Algebraic Solution: Problem 3

y = -x + b is tangent to the circle x2 + 2 = 25. y Determine the y- intercept = 0 b of the line x2 + (-x + b)2 = 25 y = -x + b x2 + x2 -2bx + b2 = 25 that is 2 x2 - 2bx + b2 25 = 0 tangent to (2)2 4 2 2 25 = 0

the circle x2 + y2 = 25.

4 2 8 2 + 200 = 0 2 + 50 = 0

=
Lines & Circles Winnie W. Poli

PRACTICE

1 2
3

If the line y = -x + b is tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = 1, what is the value of b? If the line y = m (x 4 ) is tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = 1, what is the value of m?

For what numbers m will the line y = mx intersect the circle 2 + 2 = 16?
Find the points of intersection of the line that contains ( 1, 4 ) and ( 3, 6 ) with the circle of radius 2 13 center ( -3, -2) Linesand & Circles
Winnie W. Poli

Solution
If the line y = -x + b is tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = 1, what is the value of b?

The line y = -x + b is tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = 1 There is 1 pt. of intersection d=0 2 + ( + )2 1 = 0 2 + 2 2 + 2 1 = 0 = (2)2 4(2)( 2 1) = 0 4 2 8 2 + 8 = 0 = 2
Lines & Circles Winnie W. Poli

Solution
If the line y = m (x 4 ) is tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = 1, what is the value of m?

The line y = m (x 4 ) is tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = 1 There is 1 pt. of intersection d=0 2 + 2 ( 4)2 1 = 0 2 + 2 2 82 + 162 1 = 0 = (82 )2 4(2 +1)(162 1) =0 644 644 602 + 4 = 0 152 + 1 = 0 = Lines & Circles
Winnie W. Poli

Solution

3
For what numbers m will the line y = mx intersect the circle 2 + 2 = 16?

The line y = mx intersects the circle x2 + y2 = 16 The points of intersection is either 1 or 2 0 2 + 2 2 16 = 0 = 02 4(2 + 1)(16) 0 64(2 + 1) 0 ( ) Therefore , m is any real number.
Lines & Circles Winnie W. Poli

Solution

4
Find the points of intersection of the line that contains ( 1, 4 ) & ( 3, 6 ) with the circle of radius 2 13 and center ( -3, -2)

line containing ( 1, 4 ) & ( 3, 6 ) 4 6 4 = =1 1 3 1 = + 3 Circle 2 + 2 + 6 + 4 + 9 + 4 = 52 Pts. of intersection 2 + ( + 3)2 +6 + 4( + 3) 39 = 0 2 + 2 + 6 + 9 + 6 + 4 + 12 39 = 0 2 2 + 16 18 = 0 2 + 8x 9 = 0 (, ) & (, )

Lines & Circles Winnie W. Poli

Assignment
Points (-2, 2) & (-3, 1) are on the circle x2 -2x + y2 +4y = 20. Tangents to the circle are drawn at the given points. Find the point of intersection of the two tangent lines.
Lines & Circles Winnie W. Poli