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WARNING
Actual quality levels (Cpk) on many toleranced dimensions can only be determined through process capability
studies.
Note: It is possible to obtain tighter tolerancing with the intervention of special equipment. These special
processes frequently add significant cost. Do not use standard block tolerances.
Note: All English units of measure are shown in bold face type.
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(T-1)
7/13/2007
T - Tolerancing Guidelines
Page 2 of 14
(T-2)
The tolerance formula is then calculated as shown below. (If English, convert the load in pounds, to Newtons with
p = p * 4.44822)
Tol = Af * Kf + (1.5 * p) / 100
(T-3)
= .125
= 1.100
= 5.274
= 50 lbs
= 50 lbs/in
=.125 * 25.4
= 1.100 * 25.4
= 50 * 4.44822
= 27.94 / 3.175
= 50 / 5.71
= 3.175 mm
= 27.94 mm
= 222.411 N
= 8.8
= 8.76 N/mm
2. Calculate Af:
Af = 65.92 * (3.175^3.3 / 27.94^1.6) * (-.84 * (8.8/10)^3 + 3.781 * (8.8/10)^2 - 4.244 * (8.8/10) + 2.274
Af = 12.95864
3. Calculate Kf:
Kf = 1 / (3 * 5.274^2) + 8 / (5 * 5.274) + .803
Kf = 1.11836
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T - Tolerancing Guidelines
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= 1.0
Commercial
= 1.6
When using the Grade factor (Q), multiply the Grade factor by the calculated tolerance. From our example:
Tolerance = 4.008 lbs
Therefore:
Precision
= 4.008 * 1.0
= 4.008 lbs
Commercial
= 4.008 * 1.6
= 6.413 lbs
(T-4)
(T-5)
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(T-6)
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T - Tolerancing Guidelines
Page 4 of 14
(T-7)
= .125"
= 1.300"
= 22.792
= 20 lbs
= 7.009 Ibs/in
= .125 * 25.4
= 1.300 * 25.4
= 20 * 4.44822
= 33.02 / 3.175
= 7.009 / 5.71
= 3.175 mm
= 33.02 mm
= 88.96 N
= 10.4
= 1.227 N/mm
2. Calculate Af:
Af = 65.92 * (3.175^3.3 / 33.02^1.6) * (-.84 * (10.4/10)^3 + 3.781 * (10.4/10)^2 - 4.244 * (10.4/10) + 2.274
Af = 11.13894
3. Calculate Kf:
Kf = 5.61 / 22.792 + .7
Kf = .94614
4. Calculate the load tolerance:
Tol = 11.13894 * .94614 + (1.5 * 88.96) / 100
Tol = 11.873 N
= 2.669 * 1.0
= 2.669 lbs
Commercial
= 2.669 * 1.6
= 4.270 lbs
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T - Tolerancing Guidelines
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Note: When two loads are toleranced, free length should not have a tolerance and should be marked reference.
(T-8)
Free Length
Up to 10
above 10 to 16
above 16 to 25
above 25 to 40
above 40 to 63
above 63 to 100
above 100 to 160
above 160 to 250
above 250 to 400
above 400
Permissible variations in mm
Precision
Commercial
per index
per index
4 to 8
Above 8 to 20
4 to 8
Above 8 to 20
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,5
0,6
0,8
1,0
0,6
0,7
1,0
1,3
0,8
0,9
1,3
1,6
1,1
1,3
1,8
2,2
1,5
1,8
2,4
3,0
2,0
2,4
3,0
4,0
2,5
3,0
4,0
5,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,5
1.5% of FL
1.5% of FL
2% of FL
2% of FL
Free Length
Up to .394
above .394 to .630
above .630 to .984
above .984 to 1.575
above 1.575 to 2.480
above 2.480 to 3.937
above 3.937 to 6.3
above 6.3 to 9.843
above 9.843 to 15.75
above 15.75
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T - Tolerancing Guidelines
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Angle Between
Loop Planes
36
79
10 12
13 16
over 16
25
35
45
60
Random
(T-9)
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T - Tolerancing Guidelines
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= .972 * 1.0
= .972 inlbs
Commercial
= .972 * 1.6
= 1.555 inlbs
Metric
Diameter
above
to
4 to 8
0,63
1
1,6
2,5
4
6,3
10
16
25
31,5
40
50
63
80
100
125
160
1
1,6
2,5
4
6,3
10
16
25
31,5
40
50
63
80
100
125
160
200
0,07
0,08
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,3
0,35
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
1,8
2,1
Precision
per index
Above 8 Above 14
to 14
to 20
0,1
0,15
0,1
0,15
0,15
0,2
0,2
0,25
0,25
0,3
0,3
0,35
0,35
0,4
0,45
0,5
0,5
0,6
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
0,10
1,1
1,2
1,4
1,5
1,7
1,9
2,2
2,3
2,7
2,9
3,3
Commercial
per index
Above 8 Above 14
4 to 8
to 14
to 20
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,15
0,2
0,3
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,5
0,7
0,8
0,7
0,9
1,0
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,0
1,2
1,5
1,2
1,6
1,8
1,5
2,0
2,3
1,8
2,4
2,8
2,3
3,0
3,5
2,8
3,7
4,4
3,5
4,6
5.4
4,2
5,7
6.6
English
Diameter
above
to
.025
.039
.039
.063
Precision
per index
Above 8 Above 14
4 to 8
to 14
to 20
.003
.004
.006
.003
.004
.006
Commercial
per index
Above 8 Above 14
4 to 8
to 14
to 20
.004
.006
.008
.006
.008
.012
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T - Tolerancing Guidelines
.063
.098
.157
.248
.394
.630
.984
1.240
1.575
1.969
2.480
3.150
3.937
4.921
6.300
Page 8 of 14
.098
.157
.248
.394
630
.984
1.240
1.575
1.969
2.480
3.150
3.937
4.921
6.300
7.874
.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.020
.024
.031
.039
.047
.055
.071
.083
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.018
.020
.024
.031
.039
.047
.059
.075
.090
.114
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.020
.024
.028
.035
.043
.055
.067
.087
.106
.130
.008
.012
.016
.020
.024
.028
.031
.039
.047
.059
.071
.090
.110
.138
.165
.012
.016
.020
.024
.028
.035
.039
.047
.059
.079
.094
.118
.146
.181
.224
.016
.020
.024
.028
.031
.039
.047
.059
.071
.091
.110
.138
.173
.213
.260
Table T-4. Body Diameter Tolerances for Compression, Extension and Torsion Springs.
3/8 (9.53)
3/8 (9.53)
incl
Over 34 to
42 (874 to
1067), incl,
3/16 (4.76)
1/4 (6.35)
1/4 (6.35)
Over 42 to
60 (1067 to
1524), incl,
1/4 (6.35)
5/16 (7.94)
5/16 (7.94)
3/8 (9.53)
3/8 (9.53)
7/16 (11.00)
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T - Tolerancing Guidelines
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NOTE 1 - (for design information) These permissible variations, exclusive of manufacturing taper, should be
used as a guide in the design or concentrically-nested helical-spring units for three spring assemblies. The
diametrical clearance desired is 1/8 in (3.175 mm) less than the sum of the applicable tolerances of the nested
spring units, but in no case should it be less than 1/8 in (3.175 mm).
NOTE 2 - In cases where radial clearance on existing concentrically-nested helical-spring units will not
accommodate these tolerances, the nominal inside diameters shall be adhered to as closely as practicable,
with plus variation on the outer springs and minus variation on the inner springs to guarantee free assembly.
Drawings must show reference to the complete nested spring units.
Table T-5. Permissible Variations In Outside Diameter of Spring, in (mm) (D/d = 8 or less).
Deviation Above Nominal Solid
Height max. ina (mm)
Up to 7 (178), incl
1/16 (1.59)
Over 7 to 10 (178 to 254), incl
3/32 (2.38)
Over 10 to 13 (254 to 330), incl
1/8 (3.17)
Over 13 to 16 (330 to 406), incl
5/32 (3.97)
Over 16 to 19 (406 to 483), incl
3/16 (4.76)
Over 19 to 22 (483 to 559), incl
7/32 (5.56)
Over 22 to 25 (559 to 635), incl
1/4 (6.35)
Over 25 to 28 (635 to 711), incl
9/32 (7.14)
Over 28 to 31 (711 to 787), incl
5/16 (7.94)
a For additional 3-in (76-mm) increase in solid height, the deviation shown
should be increased by l/32 in (0.79 mm).
Nominal Solid Height, in (mm)
Deviation From
Nominal Free
Height, max. in
(mm),
5/32 (3.97)
1/4 (6.35)
1/4 (6.35)
11/32 (8.73)
11/32 (8.73)
7/16 (11.0)
7/16 (11.0)
17/32 (13.49)
17/32 (13.49)
5/8 (15.87)
5/8 (15.87)
23/32 (18.25)
23/32 (18.25)
13/16 (20.64)
13/16 (20.64)
29/32 (23.01)
29/32 (23 01)
1 (25.40)
Deviation From
Nominal Loaded
Heighta, max. in
(mm),
1/8 (3.17)
5/32 (3.97)
3/16 (4.76)
7/32 (5.56)
1/4 (6.35)
9/32 (7.14)
5/16 (7.94)
11/32 (8.73)
3/8 (9.53)
13/32 (10.32)
7/16 (11.00)
15/32 (11.91)
1/2 (12.70)
17/32 (13.49)
9/16 (14.28)
19/32 (15.08)
5/8 (15.87)
21/32 (16.67)
Permanent Set,
max, in (mm)
3/64 (1.19)
1/16 (1.59)
1/16 (1.59)
5/64 (1 99)
5/64 (1.99)
3/32 (2.38)
3/32 (2.38)
7/64 (2.78)
7/64 (2.78)
1/8 (3.17)
1/8 (3.17)
1/8 (3.17)
9/64 (3.57)
9/64 (3.57)
5/32 (3.97)
5/32 (3.97)
11/64 (4.37)
11/64 (4.37)
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3/16 (4.76)
3/16 (4.76)
13/64 (5.16)
13/64 (5.16)
7/32 (5.56)
7/32 (5.56)
15/64 (5.96)
15/64 (5.96)
15/64 (5.96)
15/64 (5.96)
Table T-7. Permissible Deviations, Springs With Ground Ends (From ASTM A-125).
2 (51)
and
under
2 and under
1 1/4
1 1/4
1 3/4
1 1/2
1 1/4
1 1/4
2 1/4
1 3/4
1 1/2
1 1/4
1 1/4
2 1/4
1 3/4
1 1/2
1 1/4
1 1/4
2 1/2
1 1/2
1 1/2
1 1/4
1 1/4
2 1/4
1 3/4
1 1/2
1 1/2
1 1/4
1 1/4
2 1/2
1 3/4
1 3/4
1 1/2
1 1/2
1 1/4
1 1/4
2 1/4
1 3/4
1 3/4
1 1/2
1 1/2
2 1/4
1 3/4
1 3/4
1 1/2
2 1/2
2 1/4
2 1/4
1 3/4
2 1/4
2 1/4
1 3/4
2 1/4
2 1/4
1 3/4
2 1/2
2 1/2
2 1/4
2 1/4
2 1/2
2 1/4
2 1/4
2 1/2
2 1/4
2 1/4
Over 2 Over 4
to 6
to 4
(51 to (102 to
152),
102),
incl
incl
Over 6
to 8
(152 to
203),
incl
Table T-8. Permissible Squareness Deviation, Springs With Ground Ends (From ASTM A-125).
Mean Diameter, in (mm)
Up to 2 (51), incl
Over 2 to 4 (51 to 102), incl
Over 4 to 6 (102 to 152), incl
Over 6 to 8 (152 to 203), incl
Deviation, degree
3 1/2
3
2 1/2
2 1/2
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T - Tolerancing Guidelines
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2 1/4
2 1/4
2 1/4
2 1/4
0.15 in
(0.38 mm)
Gap
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T - Tolerancing Guidelines
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Stock Thickness
in
mm
0.1 - 1.0
0.004 - 0.039
0.1
- 0.25
0.004 0.010
0.25 - 0.3
0.010 - 0.012
0.3 - 0.5
0.012 - 0.020
0.5 - 1.0
0.020 - 0.039
1.0 - 2.0
0.039 - 0.079
Percent Load
15
33
25
20
15
12
Table T-12. Load Tolerances for Special Spring Washers. (Apply to deflection ranges of 20% - 80% of
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T - Tolerancing Guidelines
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available deflection.)
Tolerance, in (mm)
0.125 - 0.063
(3.18) - (1.60)
0.00200 (0.51)
0.062 - 0.040
(1.59) - (1.02)
0.00150 (0.038)
0.039 - 0.029
(1.01) - (0.74)
0.00100 (0.025)
0.028 - 0.020
(0.73) - (0.51)
0.00075 (0.019)
0.019 - 0.007
(0.50) - (0.18)
0.00050 (0.013)
0.00030 (0.008)
Table T-13. Flat Springs: Strip Thickness Tolerances, Tempered and Untempered.
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T - Tolerancing Guidelines
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Related Topics:
Tolerancing Guidelines
Guidelines for Spring Testing
Reference - Symbols for Spring Terms
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