T - Tolerancing Guidelines

Page 1 of 14

Testing and Tolerancing

T - Tolerancing Guidelines
Tolerances
Determination of a specific tolerance is highly dependent on the specific spring design, material used, equipment
used to manufacture the spring, and heat treating methods used in spring processing. The tolerances presented
are "normally achievable." However, the spring manufacturer should be consulted before finalizing. In several
areas, different grade levels are available. One should be aware that selection of the highest grade (most
stringent) could have significant cost implications.
Today, use of statistical controls allows both the spring manufacturer and the customer a high level of confidence
that the spring "properly toleranced" will meet or exceed the performance requirements. Once again it is important
to have both the designer and the manufacturer work closely together to establish the "process capability" which
will determine the quality level obtainable.

WARNING
Actual quality levels (Cpk) on many toleranced dimensions can only be determined through process capability
studies.
Note: It is possible to obtain tighter tolerancing with the intervention of special equipment. These special
processes frequently add significant cost. Do not use standard block tolerances.
Note: All English units of measure are shown in bold face type.

Compression Spring Load Tolerances

Regression formulas derived from industry standards for helical round wire compression springs (based on
springs with parallel sides and constant pitch.)
There are two factors to calculate before computing the load tolerance. The first factor, (Af), is based on wire (d)
and mean diameter (D). Since the specification was formulated to work with metric input, you must first convert
English data to metric.
Therefore, for conversion to inches:
d = d * 25.4
D = D * 25.4
Also, the math operators are written to accommodate programming. The following symbols are represented in the
formula.
* = multiplication
/ = division
^ = exponentiation (raised to the power of the number to it's immediate right)
c (index) = D/d
Af = 65.92 * (d ^ 3.3 / D ^ 1.6) * (-0.84 * (c / 10) ^ 3 + 3.781 * (c / 10) ^ 2 - 4.244 (c /10) + 2.274)

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(T-1)

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The second factor (Kf) is based on active material (Na).

Kf = 1 / (3 * Na ^ 2) + 8 / (5 * Na) + .803

(T-2)

The tolerance formula is then calculated as shown below. (If English, convert the load in pounds, to Newtons with
p = p * 4.44822)
Tol = Af * Kf + (1.5 * p) / 100

(T-3)

To convert to English, divide the result by 4.44822 for pounds.

Example: (See Figure T-1 on page 3)
Design parameters:
d
D
Na
p
R

= .125
= 1.100
= 5.274
= 50 lbs
= 50 lbs/in

Figure T-1. Compression Spring.

1. Convert English parameters to metric:
d
D
p
c
R

=.125 * 25.4
= 1.100 * 25.4
= 50 * 4.44822
= 27.94 / 3.175
= 50 / 5.71

= 3.175 mm
= 27.94 mm
= 222.411 N
= 8.8
= 8.76 N/mm

2. Calculate Af:
Af = 65.92 * (3.175^3.3 / 27.94^1.6) * (-.84 * (8.8/10)^3 + 3.781 * (8.8/10)^2 - 4.244 * (8.8/10) + 2.274
Af = 12.95864
3. Calculate Kf:
Kf = 1 / (3 * 5.274^2) + 8 / (5 * 5.274) + .803
Kf = 1.11836

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4. Calculate the load tolerance:

Tol = 12.958 * 1.11836 + (1.5 * 222.411) / 100
Tol = 17.828 N

(pounds = 17.828 / 4.44822 = 4.008 lbs)

Quality grades for load tolerances

Load tolerances calculated from the previous formulas establish the base (precision tolerance). This precision
tolerance is considered to be optimum, which would result in Cpk of 1.2 or less. The precise tolerance can only be
determined by a capability study. Commercial tolerance may also be calculated as indicated below. When using
commercial tolerances, Cpk >1.2 can "normally" be expected.
Precision

= 1.0

Commercial

= 1.6

When using the Grade factor (Q), multiply the Grade factor by the calculated tolerance. From our example:
Tolerance = 4.008 lbs
Therefore:
Precision

= 4.008 * 1.0

= 4.008 lbs

Commercial

= 4.008 * 1.6

= 6.413 lbs

Compression Spring Free Length Tolerances

The following formula may be used to calculate the Free Length tolerance for an unloaded compression spring:
FL Tol = (Af * Kf * Q / R)

(T-4)

Using our example:

FL Tol = (12.95864 * 1.11836 * 1) / 8.76
FL Tol = 1.654 mm

(1.654 / 25.4 = .065")

For unground springs, multiply FL Tol by 1.7.

Extension Spring Load Tolerances

Regression formulas derived from industry standard for helical round wire Extension springs.
The Af factor for calculating extension spring load tolerances is identical to that of the compression formula.
Af = 65.92 * (d ^ 3.3 / D ^ 1.6)* (-0.84 * (c / 10) ^ 3 + 3.781 * (c / 10) ^ 2 - 4.244 (c /10) + 2.274)

(T-5)

The second factor (Kf), however, is as shown below.

Kf = 5.61 / Na + .7

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The tolerance formula is also identical to the compression calculation.

Tol = Af * Kf + (1.5 * p) / 100

(T-7)

Example: (See Figure T-2 on page 6)

Design parameters:
d
D
Na
p
R

= .125"
= 1.300"
= 22.792
= 20 lbs
= 7.009 Ibs/in

1. Convert English parameters to metric:

d
D
p
c
R

= .125 * 25.4
= 1.300 * 25.4
= 20 * 4.44822
= 33.02 / 3.175
= 7.009 / 5.71

= 3.175 mm
= 33.02 mm
= 88.96 N
= 10.4
= 1.227 N/mm

2. Calculate Af:
Af = 65.92 * (3.175^3.3 / 33.02^1.6) * (-.84 * (10.4/10)^3 + 3.781 * (10.4/10)^2 - 4.244 * (10.4/10) + 2.274
Af = 11.13894
3. Calculate Kf:
Kf = 5.61 / 22.792 + .7
Kf = .94614
4. Calculate the load tolerance:
Tol = 11.13894 * .94614 + (1.5 * 88.96) / 100
Tol = 11.873 N

(pounds = 11.873 / 4.44822 = 2.669 lbs)

Quality Grades for Extension Spring Load Tolerances

The Quality Grades are the same for both compression and extension springs.
When using the Grade factor (Q), multiply the Grade factor by the calculated tolerance. From our example:
Tolerance = 2.669 lbs
Therefore:
Precision

= 2.669 * 1.0

= 2.669 lbs

Commercial

= 2.669 * 1.6

= 4.270 lbs

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Note: When two loads are toleranced, free length should not have a tolerance and should be marked reference.

Extension Spring Free Length Tolerances

For springs with no initial tension, use the following formula to determine free length tolerance. (Note: Free length
is measured from the inside of the hooks.)
FL Tol = (Af * Kf * Q) / R

(T-8)

Figure T-2. Extension Spring.

Free Length
Up to 10
above 10 to 16
above 16 to 25
above 25 to 40
above 40 to 63
above 63 to 100
above 100 to 160
above 160 to 250
above 250 to 400
above 400

Permissible variations in mm
Precision
Commercial
per index
per index
4 to 8
Above 8 to 20
4 to 8
Above 8 to 20
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,5
0,6
0,8
1,0
0,6
0,7
1,0
1,3
0,8
0,9
1,3
1,6
1,1
1,3
1,8
2,2
1,5
1,8
2,4
3,0
2,0
2,4
3,0
4,0
2,5
3,0
4,0
5,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,5
1.5% of FL
1.5% of FL
2% of FL
2% of FL

Table T-1. Free Length Tolerance (with lnitial Tension) Metric.

Free Length
Up to .394
above .394 to .630
above .630 to .984
above .984 to 1.575
above 1.575 to 2.480
above 2.480 to 3.937
above 3.937 to 6.3
above 6.3 to 9.843
above 9.843 to 15.75
above 15.75

Permissible variations in inches

Precision
Commercial
per index
per index
4 to 8
Above 8 to 20
4 to 8
Above 8 to 20
.016
.020
.024
.028
.020
.024
.031
.039
.024
.028
.039
.051
.031
.035
.051
.063
.043
.051
.071
.087
.059
.071
.094
.118
.079
.094
.118
.157
.098
.118
.157
.197
.118
.157
.197
.256
1.5% of FL
1.5% of FL
2% of FL
2% of FL

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Table T-2. Free Length Tolerance (with lnitial Tension) English.

Total Number of Coils

Angle Between
Loop Planes

36
79
10 12
13 16
over 16

25
35
45
60
Random

Table T-3. End Position Tolerance.

Torsion Spring Load Tolerances (Torque)

Regression formulas derived from Industry Standard for helical round wire Torsion springs. The factor (Kf) = 54
The tolerance formula is then as shown below.
Tol = ( (1.3 * Kf * d ^ 3) / (Na ^ .24 * c ^ .5) ) * Q

(T-9)

Figure T-3. Torsion Spring.

Example: (See Figure T-3 above)
Design parameters:
d = .087"
Na= 6.62
1. Convert English parameters to metric:
d = -.087 * 25.4 = 2.21 mm
2. Calculate index:

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c = 42.42 / 2.21 = 19.195

3. Calculate the load tolerance:
Tol = (1.3 * 54 * 2.21^3) / (6.62^.24 * 19.195^.5)
Tol = 109.881 Nmm

(inlbs = 109.881 / 112.985 = .972 inlbs)

Quality Grades for Torsion Spring Load Tolerances

The Quality grades are the same as those for compression and extension springs.
When using the Grade factor (Q), multiply the Grade factor by the calculated tolerance. From our example:
Tolerance = .972 inlbs
Therefore:
Precision

= .972 * 1.0

= .972 inlbs

Commercial

= .972 * 1.6

= 1.555 inlbs

Metric
Diameter
above

to

4 to 8

0,63
1
1,6
2,5
4
6,3
10
16
25
31,5
40
50
63
80
100
125
160

1
1,6
2,5
4
6,3
10
16
25
31,5
40
50
63
80
100
125
160
200

0,07
0,08
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,3
0,35
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
1,8
2,1

Precision
per index
Above 8 Above 14
to 14
to 20
0,1
0,15
0,1
0,15
0,15
0,2
0,2
0,25
0,25
0,3
0,3
0,35
0,35
0,4
0,45
0,5
0,5
0,6
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
0,10
1,1
1,2
1,4
1,5
1,7
1,9
2,2
2,3
2,7
2,9
3,3

Commercial
per index
Above 8 Above 14
4 to 8
to 14
to 20
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,15
0,2
0,3
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,5
0,7
0,8
0,7
0,9
1,0
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,0
1,2
1,5
1,2
1,6
1,8
1,5
2,0
2,3
1,8
2,4
2,8
2,3
3,0
3,5
2,8
3,7
4,4
3,5
4,6
5.4
4,2
5,7
6.6

English
Diameter
above

to

.025
.039

.039
.063

Precision
per index
Above 8 Above 14
4 to 8
to 14
to 20
.003
.004
.006
.003
.004
.006

Commercial
per index
Above 8 Above 14
4 to 8
to 14
to 20
.004
.006
.008
.006
.008
.012

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T - Tolerancing Guidelines

.063
.098
.157
.248
.394
.630
.984
1.240
1.575
1.969
2.480
3.150
3.937
4.921
6.300

Page 8 of 14

.098
.157
.248
.394
630
.984
1.240
1.575
1.969
2.480
3.150
3.937
4.921
6.300
7.874

.004
.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.020
.024
.031
.039
.047
.055
.071
.083

.006
.008
.010
.012
.014
.018
.020
.024
.031
.039
.047
.059
.075
.090
.114

.008
.010
.012
.014
.016
.020
.024
.028
.035
.043
.055
.067
.087
.106
.130

.008
.012
.016
.020
.024
.028
.031
.039
.047
.059
.071
.090
.110
.138
.165

.012
.016
.020
.024
.028
.035
.039
.047
.059
.079
.094
.118
.146
.181
.224

.016
.020
.024
.028
.031
.039
.047
.059
.071
.091
.110
.138
.173
.213
.260

Table T-4. Body Diameter Tolerances for Compression, Extension and Torsion Springs.

Tolerances for Hot Coiled Springs

Tolerances that are applied to hot-coiled springs are given in Tables T-5 through T-9, as published by the
American Society for Testing and Materials. Table T-5, below, covers tolerances for outside diameters for
manufacturing only. They do not allow for the expansion of active coils which occurs when the spring is
compressed in application.
Because of manufacturing variations, the actual solid height of a hot-coiled compression spring varies from the
calculated value. Usual practice is to apply the tolerances shown in Table T-6, on page 12, to the specified solid
height. In checking solid height, the applied load should not exceed 150 percent of the calculated solid load.
Table T-7, on page 13, presents tolerances for maximum permanent set, free height, and loaded height. These
characteristics should be checked in this order because of the anelastic recovery experienced on preset springs.
Making the permanent set check first takes care of any anelastic recovery due to vibration and shock in shipping
and handling. The permanent set is usually taken as the difference between the initial test height with load P and
the test height with load P after cycling to solid three times. A height tolerance can be converted to a load
tolerance if load is to be checked at a fixed height.
Table T-8, on page 14, gives out-of-squareness tolerances for springs with ground ends having slenderness
ratios between 1 and 5. Tolerances for permissible out-of-squareness in springs with unground ends are given in
Table T-9, on page 14.
Nominal Free Height or Length of Spring, in (mm)
Nominal Outside Diameter, Up to 10
Over 10 to Over 18 to Over 26 to
in (mm)
(254) incl, 18 (254 to
26 (457 to
34 (661 to
457), incl, 661), incl, 874), incl,
Up to 6 (152), incl
1/16 (1.57) 3/32 (2.38) 1/8 (3.17)
5/32 (3.97)
Over 6 to 8 (152 to 203), incl 3/32 (2.38) 1/8 (3.17)
3/16 (4.76) 1/4 (6.35)
Over 8 to 12 (203 to 305),
1/5 (3.17)
3/16 (4.76) 1/4 (6.35)
1/4 (6.35)
incl
Over 12 to 16 (305 to 406),
1/4 (6.35)
1/4 (6.35)
1/4 (6.35)
incl
Over 16 to 20 (406 to 508),

5/16 (7 94) 5/16 (7 94)

incl
Over 20 to 24 (508 to 610),

3/8 (9.53)
3/8 (9.53)
incl

Over 34 to
42 (874 to
1067), incl,
3/16 (4.76)
1/4 (6.35)
1/4 (6.35)

Over 42 to
60 (1067 to
1524), incl,

1/4 (6.35)

5/16 (7.94)

5/16 (7.94)

3/8 (9.53)

3/8 (9.53)

7/16 (11.00)

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NOTE 1 - (for design information) These permissible variations, exclusive of manufacturing taper, should be
used as a guide in the design or concentrically-nested helical-spring units for three spring assemblies. The
diametrical clearance desired is 1/8 in (3.175 mm) less than the sum of the applicable tolerances of the nested
spring units, but in no case should it be less than 1/8 in (3.175 mm).
NOTE 2 - In cases where radial clearance on existing concentrically-nested helical-spring units will not
accommodate these tolerances, the nominal inside diameters shall be adhered to as closely as practicable,
with plus variation on the outer springs and minus variation on the inner springs to guarantee free assembly.
Drawings must show reference to the complete nested spring units.
Table T-5. Permissible Variations In Outside Diameter of Spring, in (mm) (D/d = 8 or less).
Deviation Above Nominal Solid
Height max. ina (mm)
Up to 7 (178), incl
1/16 (1.59)
Over 7 to 10 (178 to 254), incl
3/32 (2.38)
Over 10 to 13 (254 to 330), incl
1/8 (3.17)
Over 13 to 16 (330 to 406), incl
5/32 (3.97)
Over 16 to 19 (406 to 483), incl
3/16 (4.76)
Over 19 to 22 (483 to 559), incl
7/32 (5.56)
Over 22 to 25 (559 to 635), incl
1/4 (6.35)
Over 25 to 28 (635 to 711), incl
9/32 (7.14)
Over 28 to 31 (711 to 787), incl
5/16 (7.94)
a For additional 3-in (76-mm) increase in solid height, the deviation shown
should be increased by l/32 in (0.79 mm).
Nominal Solid Height, in (mm)

Table T-6. Permissible Variations in Solid Height (From ASTM A-125).

Nominal Total Deflection,

in (mm)
Up to 3 (76.2), incl
Over 3 to 4 (76.2 to 102), incl
Over 4 to 5 (102 to 127), incl
Over 5 to 6 (127 to 152), incl
Over 6 to 7 (152 to 179), incl
Over 7 to 8 (179 to 203), incl
Over 8 to 9 (203 to 228), incl
Over 9 to 10 (228 to 254), incl
Over 10 to 11(254 to 279), incl
Over 11 to 12 (279 to 305), incl
Over 12 to 13 (305 to 330), incl
Over 13 to 14 (330 to 356), incl
Over 14 to 15 (356 to 381), incl
Over 15 to 16 (381 to 406), incl
Over 16 to 17 (406 to 431), incl
Over 17 to 18 (431 to 457), incl
Over 18 to 19 (457 to 483), incl
Over 19 to 20 (483 to 508), incl

Deviation From
Nominal Free
Height, max. in
(mm),
5/32 (3.97)
1/4 (6.35)
1/4 (6.35)
11/32 (8.73)
11/32 (8.73)
7/16 (11.0)
7/16 (11.0)
17/32 (13.49)
17/32 (13.49)
5/8 (15.87)
5/8 (15.87)
23/32 (18.25)
23/32 (18.25)
13/16 (20.64)
13/16 (20.64)
29/32 (23.01)
29/32 (23 01)
1 (25.40)

Deviation From
Nominal Loaded
Heighta, max. in
(mm),
1/8 (3.17)
5/32 (3.97)
3/16 (4.76)
7/32 (5.56)
1/4 (6.35)
9/32 (7.14)
5/16 (7.94)
11/32 (8.73)
3/8 (9.53)
13/32 (10.32)
7/16 (11.00)
15/32 (11.91)
1/2 (12.70)
17/32 (13.49)
9/16 (14.28)
19/32 (15.08)
5/8 (15.87)
21/32 (16.67)

Permanent Set,
max, in (mm)

3/64 (1.19)
1/16 (1.59)
1/16 (1.59)
5/64 (1 99)
5/64 (1.99)
3/32 (2.38)
3/32 (2.38)
7/64 (2.78)
7/64 (2.78)
1/8 (3.17)
1/8 (3.17)
1/8 (3.17)
9/64 (3.57)
9/64 (3.57)
5/32 (3.97)
5/32 (3.97)
11/64 (4.37)
11/64 (4.37)

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Over 20 to 21(508 to 533), incl

1 (25.40)
11/16 (17.46)
Over 21 to 22 (533 to 559), incl
1 3/32 (27.78)
23/32 (18.25)
Over 22 to 23 (559 to 584), incl
1 3/32 (27.78)
3/4 (19.05)
Over 23 to 24 (584 to 610), incl
1 3/16 (30.16)
25/32 (19.84)
Over 24 to 25 (610 to 635), incl
1 3/16 (30.16)
13/16 (20.64)
Over 25 to 26 (635 to 661), incl
1 9/32 (32.54)
27/32 (21.43)
Over 26 to 27 (661 to 685), incl
(32.54)
1 9/32
7/8 (22.22)
Over 27 to 28 (685 to 711), incl
1 3/8 (34.93)
29/32 (23.01)
Over 28 to 29 (711 to 746), incl
1 3/8 (34.93)
15/16 (23.81)
Over 29 to 30 (746 to 772), incl
1 15/32 (37.19)
31/32 (24.61)
a If two loads are specified, no tolerance shall apply to the free height.

3/16 (4.76)
3/16 (4.76)
13/64 (5.16)
13/64 (5.16)
7/32 (5.56)
7/32 (5.56)
15/64 (5.96)
15/64 (5.96)
15/64 (5.96)
15/64 (5.96)

Table T-7. Permissible Deviations, Springs With Ground Ends (From ASTM A-125).

Total Travel, in (mm)

2 (51)
and
under

2 and under

1 1/4

1 1/4

Over 2 to 4 (51 to 102), incl

1 3/4

1 1/2

1 1/4

1 1/4

Over 4 to 6 (102 to 152), incl

2 1/4

1 3/4

1 1/2

1 1/4

1 1/4

Over 6 to 8 (152 to 203), incl

2 1/4

1 3/4

1 1/2

1 1/4

1 1/4

Over 8 to 10 (203 to 254), incl

2 1/2

1 1/2

1 1/2

1 1/4

1 1/4

2 1/4

1 3/4

1 1/2

1 1/2

1 1/4

1 1/4

2 1/2

1 3/4

1 3/4

1 1/2

1 1/2

1 1/4

1 1/4

2 1/4

1 3/4

1 3/4

1 1/2

1 1/2

2 1/4

1 3/4

1 3/4

1 1/2

2 1/2

2 1/4

2 1/4

1 3/4

2 1/4

2 1/4

1 3/4

2 1/4

2 1/4

1 3/4

2 1/2

2 1/2

2 1/4

2 1/4

2 1/2

2 1/4

2 1/4

2 1/2

2 1/4

2 1/4

Over 10 to 12 (254 to 305),

incl
Over 12 to 14 (305 to 356),
incl
Over 14 to 16 (356 to 406),
incl
Over 16 to 18 (406 to 457),incl
Over 18 to 20 (457 to 508),
incl
Over 20 to 22 (508 to 559),
incl
Over 22 to 24 (559 to 610),
incl
Over 24 to 26 (610 to 660),
incl
Over 26 to 28 (660 to 701),
incl
Over 28 to 30 (702 to 762),
incl

Over 2 Over 4
to 6
to 4
(51 to (102 to
152),
102),
incl
incl

Over 6
to 8
(152 to
203),
incl

Over 8 Over 10 Over 12 Over 14 Over 16 Over 18

to 12
to 14
to 16
to 18
to 20
to 10
(203 to (254 to (305 to (356 to (406 to (457 to
305),
356),
406),
457),
508),
254),
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
incl
Degree

Table T-8. Permissible Squareness Deviation, Springs With Ground Ends (From ASTM A-125).
Mean Diameter, in (mm)
Up to 2 (51), incl
Over 2 to 4 (51 to 102), incl
Over 4 to 6 (102 to 152), incl
Over 6 to 8 (152 to 203), incl

Deviation, degree
3 1/2
3
2 1/2
2 1/2

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Over 8 to 10 (203 to 254), incl

Over 10 to 12 (254 to 305), incl
Over 12 to 14 (305 to 356), incl
Over 14 to 16 (356 to 406), incl

2 1/4
2 1/4
2 1/4
2 1/4

Table T-9. Permissible Squareness Deviation, Springs With Unground Ends.

Tolerances for Retaining Rings

Ring diameters from .500 in to 24.00 in (12.7 mm to 610 mm) can be produced on standard ring coiling
machines.
Diameter Tolerances
A good rule of thumb is .010 in (0.25 mm) per each 1.000 in (25.4 mm) of diameter. The exception is rings
under 1.500 in (3.81 mm) which should remain at .015 in (0.38 mm).
@ Dia. < 1.500 in
(< 38.1 mm)
Diameter (D)
Tolerance

0.15 in
(0.38 mm)

@ Dia. > 1.500 in

(> 38.1 mm)

Gap

0.10 in (0.25 mm)

per each
Gap tolerance X 3
Dia. tolerance
1.000 in (25.4 mm) of
Dia.

Table T-10. Retaining Ring Free Dimension Tolerances.

Figure T-4. Internal Retaining Rings.

Figure T-5. External Retaining Rings.

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Tolerances for Belleville Washers

O.D. in (mm)
I.D. in (mm)
+0.00
-0.00
Up to 0.197 (5)
- 0.008 (- 0.20)
+ 0.008 (+ 0.20)
- 0.010 (- 0.25)
+ 0.010 (+ 0.25)
0.197 - 0.394 (5 10)
- 0.012 (- 0.30)
+ 0.012 (+ 0.30)
0.394 - 0.984 (10 25)
- 0.016 (- 0.40)
+ 0.016 (+ 0.40)
0.984 - 1.969 (25 50)
- 0.020 (- 0.50)
+ 0.020 (+ 0.50)
1.969 - 3.937 (50 100)
Based on R* = 2. increased tolerances are required for lower R
ratios.
* (R = OD / ID)
Diameter, in (mm)

Table T-11. Belleville Washer Diameter Tolerances.

Figure T-6. Belleville Washer.

Tolerances for Special Spring Washers

Washer
Curved
Wave

Stock Thickness
in
mm
0.1 - 1.0
0.004 - 0.039
0.1
- 0.25
0.004 0.010
0.25 - 0.3
0.010 - 0.012
0.3 - 0.5
0.012 - 0.020
0.5 - 1.0
0.020 - 0.039
1.0 - 2.0
0.039 - 0.079

Percent Load
15
33
25
20
15
12

Table T-12. Load Tolerances for Special Spring Washers. (Apply to deflection ranges of 20% - 80% of

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available deflection.)

Figure T-7. Special Spring Washers.

Tolerances for Flat Springs

Thickness Range in (mm)

Tolerance, in (mm)

0.125 - 0.063
(3.18) - (1.60)

0.00200 (0.51)

0.062 - 0.040
(1.59) - (1.02)

0.00150 (0.038)

0.039 - 0.029
(1.01) - (0.74)

0.00100 (0.025)

0.028 - 0.020
(0.73) - (0.51)

0.00075 (0.019)

0.019 - 0.007
(0.50) - (0.18)

0.00050 (0.013)

Under 0.007 (0.18)

0.00030 (0.008)

Table T-13. Flat Springs: Strip Thickness Tolerances, Tempered and Untempered.

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Figure T-8. Flat Springs.

Related Topics:
Tolerancing Guidelines
Guidelines for Spring Testing
Reference - Symbols for Spring Terms

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