Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Oªô¢ª ÔÙ àŸC-Nû¦
OªÚÛª ÓÙêŸ êµL-ú‡û¦
Oªö˺ ÓÙêŸæ¨ ûµjí£±éuÙ Ñû¦o
Oª þ§nô³ Ôëµjû¦
Oª ví£AòÅ¡ìª Ó÷ô¢ª ÞœªJhÙà¦õû¦o
Oª ÷uÚ¨h-ÞœêŸ N÷-ô¦-öµjû¦
÷ª¸ô Nù£óŸª Nø™x-ù£é Íô³û¦...
Kavita : Which college? (Ô Ú¥ö¶@?) Ð ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£-é-õFo Þœ÷ª-EÙ-à¦ô¢ª ÚÛë¯...! biggest state in south India.
from Vizag?
Suneetha : Not yet decided. What are your
Nù£-óŸ«-õÚÛª ÏÙTxùà ÷«åõª, î¦æ¨ î¦è[ªÚÛ êµL-óŸªë]ª. Ð Sentenceö˺ 'She' Subject. 'Sings well'
Íö°¸Þ Listening. ÏêŸ-ô¢ªõª ÷«æ°xè¶ English Íû¶C Subject She ÞœªJÙ# ൛íp òÅ°ÞœÙ. 'sings Ð Ú¨ÙC Statements ìª quesitons Þ¥ ÷«Ja
plans? Íô¢nÙ à¶ú£ªÚÁ-Þœ-õ-Þœè[Ù. DEÚ¨ ÚÛ«è¯ daily lifeö˺ þ§ëů- practice
(ÏÙÚ¥ ÔÙ Íìª-ÚÁ-ö¶ë]ª. F ú£ÙÞœ- well'ö˺ 'sings' ö¶ÚÛð¼ê¶ sentence ö¶ë]ª. (She à¶óŸªÙè….
ô¢-éÙÞ¥ î¦è¶ ÷«åõª, î¦æ¨ Pronunciation ÚÛ«è¯
ê¶Ùæ¨?) well - ÍÙç¶ Íô¢nÙ ö¶ë]ª. Sentence ö¶ë]ª). ÍÙç¶ Statements Questions
êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÁ-î¦L. 'She sings well' - Ð sentenceö˺ Subject a) (Yes), They are students -----?
Supriya : Well, You know I've taken the Ð î¦Ú¥uõª í£J-Q-LÙ-àŸÙè…. 'She' êŸô¦yêŸ 'Sings' Íû¶ ÷«å SentenceÚÛª b) (Yes), Rani is the leader -----?
CAT for joining in IIM. Waiting for 1. Vijayawada is on the banks of the Krishna à¦ö° ÷³ÜuÙ. Íö°Ùæ¨ ÷«åû¶ 'VERB' ÍÙæ°ô¢ª. c) (No), I am not happy -----?
the results. If I make it, I'll join
(Ná-óŸª-î¦è[ ÚÛ'ù£g Öè[ªfì ÑÙC) Subject, Verb êµõªú£ª-ÚÁ-÷è[Ù à¦ö°-÷³ÜuÙ. d) (Yes), He was here last night -----?
one of the IIMs. Hope I shall be
2. They do not speak English îµ³åd-îµ³ë]å Ï#aì û¦õªÞœª Sentencesö˺ Verbs e) (No), She is not hungry ? -----?
fortunate.
àŸ«ë¯lÙ.
I Ðû¦è[ª- ÷ªÙÞœüŒî¦ô¢Ù 14 WûË 2005
PRONUNCIATION GUIDE
❐ English pronunciation confusion
Ú¥ô¢éÙ Ö¸Ú Í¤Ûô¢Ù ·ôÙè[ª ôyô¢ª øŒò°l-õÚÛª
ú£Ù¸Ú-êŸÙÞ¥ ÑÙè[è[Ù.
Ñë¯: Car ö˺ c-ÚÛ, centre ö˺ c-ú£
ÚÛª
ÏÙTxùà ÷«åö˺x #÷J 'r'ìª í£õÚÛÙ. Ñë¯--ô¢é ›údæËÀ-ÙæËÀ ú£ZÚÛa-ôÂÚ¨ Ú•ø˜aûË ú£ZÚÛa-ôÂÚ¨ ê¶è¯ ôÁW vÚÛ÷ªÙ êŸí£pE Nù£óŸªÙ Ú¥ñæ¨d. 7. We are at college from 10 to 4 (every
(è¯ÚÛd), car (Ú¥), for (ðƼ), paper àµð§pô¢ª.) ÷ªSx àŸ«è[Ùè…. day)?
1st show Óí£±pè[ª? 6, 7î¦Ú¥uö˺x every
Doctor
(šíóÀªí£). Kranthi: Is it so important?
1st show Óí£±pè[« Ö¸Ú çµjîªÚÛª ÑÙåªÙC ÚÛë¯? day Í÷-ú£ô¢Ù ö¶ë]ª. (are
Ô ÷«å #÷ô¢ 'r' Ñû¦o ë¯Eo í£õ-ÚÛ-ÚÛªÙè¯ ÷C- (ÍC ÍÙêŸ ÷³Üu÷«?)
ÍÙç¶ regularÞ¥ ÑÙè[è[Ù. Ú¥ñæ¨d is î¦è[è[Ù ÍÙç¶û¶ ·ôÞœªu-õ-ôÂÞ¥
ö¶þ§hÙ.ÍÚÛ\è['r' silent. Ô ÷«åõ ÷ªëÅ]uö˺ Karuna: Very. The statement has the sub-
ÚÛ·ôÚÂd. ÑÙè[è[Ù.)
Íô³û¦ a, e, i, o, uõö˺ ë¶E êŸô¦yêŸ 'r' ÷#aû¦ ject first, and the verb next. The
ÍC silent. ë¯Eo í£õÚÛÙ. ë¯E êŸô¦yêŸ a, e, i, o, question has verb first and the
VOCABULARY
u, õö˺ Ôëµjû¦ ÷›úh êŸí£p. subject next.
(à¦ö°... ›údæËÀ-Ùæ˺x îµ³ë]å ú£òµbÚÛªd êŸô¦yêŸ þ§÷«-ìu-iì Íû¦-ôÁ- M. SURESAN
Ñë¯: form (ðƧÙ); Card (Ú¥èÂ); Fur (íÆ£); sir îµôÂs ÑÙæ°ô³. Ú¥F Ú•ø˜a-ûËÂö˺ ÷³Ùë]ª îµôÂs Þ¥uõª, î¦æ¨Ú¨ ú£ÙñÙ-CÅÙ-#ì
(ú£), her (); information (ÏûËÂ-íÆ£-- êŸô¦yêŸ ú£òµbÚÛªd ÑÙæ°ô³.) ÷«åõª êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÛªÙë¯Ù–
óÀª-ù£ûËÂ). ÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£é 2
1. áõªñª– Cold. 2. ë]Þœª_ Cough (Ú¥íÆÃ). 3.
Ð ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£é àŸ«ø‹ô¢ª ÚÛë¯! ÏÙë]ªö˺ vÚ¥ÙA-÷Fo
ví£øŒoõª. ÚÛô¢ª-é-÷Fo ›údæËÀ-Ùåªx. ꟪÷³t– Sneeze (úˆoâÉÀ– ‘âÉÀ’ sizeö˺ #÷J
When is the first show?
øŒñlÙö°Þ¥ í£õ-Ú¥L.) 4. <ë]è[Ù– blow the nose.
ÏO Í÷ú£ô¢î¶ª!
Ð î¦Ú¥uõª Þœ÷ª-EÙ-àŸÙè…... Oª·ô-í£±p-è[ªÙ-æ°ô¢ª Collegeö˺ (ví£A ôÁV)
Oæ¨-êÁ-ð§åª I am here- verb: 'am'
5. Ú¥¸ô ÷³ÚÛª\ – running nose. 6. ûË•í‡p – ache
Conversationö˺ Í÷- You are in class- verb: 'are'
ÏC ÚÛ«è¯ 'regular' Ú¥ñæ¨d, (ÓóÀªÝËÀ), ò°ëÅ] – pain, suffering;
ú£-ô¢-iì Ú•Eo ÷«åõª My pen is in my pocket- When are you at college (every day)? ë¶ï£° òÅ°Þ¥õ ûË•í£±põª: ÚÛè[ª-í£±-ûË•í‡p, êŸõ-ûË•í‡p,
êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÛªÙë¯Ù. îµ³ë]å verb: 'is' ÏÚÛ\è[ every day ö¶ÚÛ-ð¼-ô³û¦ íÆ£ô¢-î¦-ö¶ë]ª. ìè[ªÙûË•í‡p Oæ¨Ú¨ Î òÅ°Þ¥õ ›íô¢ª êŸô¦yêŸ 'ache'
parts of the human
ÓÙë]ª-ÚÛÙç¶ 'are' ÍÙç¶ regularÞ¥ ÑÙè[è[Ù Ú¥ñæ¨d. î¦è[ªê¦Ù.pain î¦è[Ù.
body- øŒKô¢ òÅ°Þ¥õÚÛª
šíj
sentencesö˺ Ñìo Verbs stomach ache- stomach pain Ú¥ë]ª.
ÏÙTxùà ÷«åõª 'am', 'is', 'are. Oæ¨ Íô¢nÙ Íö°¸Þ ‘û¶ìª þ§óŸªÙ-vê¦õª ÏÙæ˺xû¶ ÑÙæ°ìª’
àŸ«ë¯lÙ. ‘ÑÙè[è[Ù’ Íû¶ ë¯EÚ¨ ú£ÙñÙ-CÅÙ-#- Íìè[Ù Óö°? head ache, back ache etc.
head, face,
ìN. Ð Ú¨ÙC êµõªÞœª ví£øŒoõª, 'I am at home in the evenings'.
áyô¢Ù (fever) ÷à¶aåªx, ÷#a-ìåªx 'feel' Íô³ê¶
eyes, ears, neck,
Statements Englishö˺ prac- Evenings ÍÙç¶ ví£A evening- regular.
'feeling feverish'.
shoulder, hand,
legs, fingers ö°Ùæ¨
tice à¶óŸªÙè…. Ú¥ñæ¨d regular states of being (vÚÛ÷ªÙ êŸí£p- ë]ªô¢ë] itch (ÏàÂ) ÞÁÚÛåÙ scratch (vþ§\àÂ),
÷«åõ Íô¦lÄõª ÍÙë]JÚ© 1. (Ïí£±pè[ª) Oªô¢ª ÓÚÛ\è[ ÚÛªÙè¯ ÑÙè[è[Ù) àµí£p-è¯-EÚ¨ am, is, are î¦è[è[Ù Þ•Ù꟪ ûË•í‡p – sore throat; ò°ëÅ]êÁ Íô¢-÷è[Ù
ÚÛ·ôÚÂd. Ð Ú¨ÙC î¦æ¨Ú¨ English àµí£pÙè…. prac- groan; Î÷±-LÙ-àŸè[Ù yawn, î¦í£± – swelling,
êµõªú£ª. thumb (ò˹å- Ñû¦oô¢ª?
ì-î¶õª), forefinger tice à¶óŸªÙè…. ÚÛÙC-ì-î¦í£± – inflammation. Ï÷Fo practice à¶ú‡
(àŸ«í£±-è[ª-î¶õª), middle
English: Where are you?
1. Ð çµjîªö˺ Óí£±pè[« Oª·ôÙ-ë]ª-ÚÛªÙ-æ°-J-ÚÛ\è[? ÷«æ°x-è¶-åí£±pè[ª î¦è[Ùè….
2. (Ïí£±pè[ª) û¶ìª Ú¥xú£ªö˺ û¦ÚÛª êŸõ-ûË•-í‡pÞ¥ ÑÙC.
(÷ªëÅ]uî¶õª), (Regular ÚÛë¯?)
finger
Ñû¦oìª.
ring finger (ÑÙÞœô¢Ù
I have a head ache.
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Answer: Why are you here at this time ÷« Í÷ªtÚÛª áõªñª.
î¶õª), little finger every day?
(#æ¨-·Úì î¶õª). toe 3. (Ïí£±pè[ª) î¦üŒ‰x ú£ÙêÁ-ù£ÙÞ¥ 2. Oª û¦ìo-Þ¥ô¢ª Îíƈ-ú£ªö˺ Óí£±p-è[ªÙ-æ°ô¢ª?
My mother has a cold.
(Eìo ìª÷±y ÍÚÛ\è[ Ñû¦oî¦?) Why were you here yesterday? 8. Yes, I am (at college... every day - conver- Sure, I will call you.
÷ªSx OªÚÛª ðƼûË à¶þ§hìª.
Raghav: I was there, of course. 8. ÷« ›úo-꟪è[ª ÞœêŸ ÎC-î¦ô¢Ù ÏÚÛ\è[ Ñû¦oè[ª. sationö˺ Ð òŰޜ٠÷C-ö¶-óŸª-÷àŸªa.)
(Í÷±ìª ÍÚÛ\è[ Ñû¦oìª) 9. When are you at home usually? (÷«÷´-
I will get back to you.
Raghav: I was there exactly at 6 when the Ú¨ÙC sentencesìª englishö˺ practiceà¶óŸªÙè…. therefore, am) but I was not (wasn't) at
Please mail the matter to me at
yours@yahoo.com
function began. 1. Praveen: Oªô¢ª Eìo ÏÙæ˺x Ñû¦oô¦? home last evening. Ú•JóŸªô ë¯yô¦ í£Ùí£Ùè….
(ú£JÞ¥_ íÆ£ÙÚÛ{ûË ë]-öµjì 6 ÞœÙå-õÚÛª 2. Pranav: Í÷±ìª, ÏÙæ˺xû¶ Ñû¦oìª. (Eìo þ§óŸªÙvêŸÙ, Eìo ô¦vA – last evening,
3)
}
A Mother (countable singular) loves her child.
We play waste
þ§hô³. You walk use f) Uncountable ÷³Ùë]ª a Ú¥F an Ú¥F Óí£±pè[« 3. Our classes (They) begin / start at 10 a.m.
(They) cook forget ÷ªSx ÖÚÛ-þ§J 1st RDW (1st Regular doing 5. My father (He) returns / comes back home
like likes (like+s) patients. Íô¢n-÷ª-÷±-꟪ÙC. Ú•Eo Íè[fÙÞ¥, Ú•Eo êŸõ-Ú¨Ù-ë]ª-õªÞ¥ ÑÙæ°-
sing sings (Sing+s) A doctor (He/She)
treats patients.
2) ٠ê•NªtCÙ-æ¨Ú¨ ÚÛü‹-ø‹õÚÛª ñóŸªõªë¶-ô¢ê¦Ù. óµªÙ-ë]ªÚÛª? Oæ¨E Óö° ÑàŸa-JÙ-à¦L?
dance dances (dance+s)
d) Fans (They) give air.
We start for college at 9 a.m. ÍÙë]ª-¸Ú-iû¦ EóŸª-÷«-õªÙ-æ°óŸ«?
go goes (go+es)
A fan gives air.
(Regular action - start - 1st RDW) Dictionary page bottom line Ú¨Ùë] ÚÛ«è¯
'A' Ú¨ÙC ÷«å-õìª I Regular Doing Words, B e) Teachers (They) 3) ÷« ›úo-꟪õª ò°Þ¥ Îè[ê¦ô¢ª. Ïö°¸Þ ÑÙæ°ô³. Oæ¨ ÞœªJÙ# êµL-óŸª-â¶-
Ú¨ÙC ÷«å-õìª II Regular Doing Words ÍÙæ°Ù. M. SURESAN ÏC regular action. óŸªÙè….
– ô¢÷«-ë¶îËÂ, šïj°ë]-ô¦-ò°ëÂ.
teach.
I Regular Doing Words ÚÛª (A Ú¨ÙC ÷«å-õÚÛª)
's' Ú¥F 'es' Ú¥F à¶J›úh II Regular doing words
A Teacher (He/She) teaches. Ïö° ÍEo Our friends (They) play well.
}
My father (he)
teacher (singular) teachers (plural)
My mother (she) likes milk (ôÁW ÚÛë¯). àŸ«›úh Ô Þœªô¢ªh Ô øŒò°l-EÚ¨ Íû¶C N÷-ô¢ÙÞ¥
The Cat (it)
boy (singular)
ÚÛª
boys (plural)
ÑÙè[ë]ª. The 1st show (It) starts at 6.15 p.m. ÑÙåªÙC. î¦æ¨-êÁ-ò°åª pronunciation
casettes, CDs Ñí£-óµ«-Þœ-í£-è[-ê¦ô³.
d) uncountables plural milks, sug-
šíjì àŸ«í‡ì NëÅ]ÙÞ¥ A group ÚÛª í£C Verbs, B ars, rices ÍìÙ.
group ÚÛª í£C verbs àµí£pÙè…. ví£øŒo: ‘Óí£±p-èµjû¦ ›ú-î¦J Oªë]û¶ ÏÙÚ¥ú£h òÅ°ô¢Ù
eg: ê¦Þœè[Ù
e) Very Important: countable singulars
(ÍÙç¶ öµÚÛ\-šíç¶dN– ÖÚÛ-ë¯Eo, ÖÚÛJE ÞœªJÙ# Oªô¢« ô¦óŸªÙè…! í£è[ª-꟪ÙC’ ÍE àµí£p-è¯-EÚ¨ ÏÙTx-ùÃö˺ ú£÷«-ì-
൛íp-å-í£±pè[ª) ÷³Ùë]ª Óí£±pè[« 'a' Ú¥F þ¼p·ÚûË ÏÙTxùÃö˺ Oª ú£Ùë¶ï£„õìª îµªiì proverb ÑÙç¶ êµL-óŸª-â¶-óŸªÙè….
} }
I He
We drink coffee She drinks coffee 'an' Ú¥F ô¦î¦-LqÙë¶. þ¼p·ÚûË ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡èµúÃ\, Ðû¦è[ª, – ÓÙ. -ûËÂ-ô¦÷±, ìt-Ú•Ùè[.
You It eg:
#ô¢ªû¦÷«ÚÛª í£Ùí‡ÙàŸ÷àŸªa.
þ¼÷«>Þœ«è[, šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ë–82 áî¦ñª : Oªô¢-ìo-ë¯-EÚ¨ ú£÷«-ì-iì proverb ÔD
They 1) A doctor treats patients (doctor - Englishö˺ ö¶ë]ª.
email: pratibha@ eenadu.net
I Ðû¦è[ª- ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 26 WûË 2005
questionsö˺ î¦è…-ì-í£±pè[ª do ÷ú£ªhÙ-ë]E b) Mr Rao does not come here every day.
Does Óí£±pè•ú£ªhÙC?
a) they do not come here every day. b) We do not watch TV for an hour every
b) Do they come here every day? morning.
2) You come here often. c) When do you watch the TV every day?
a) You do not come here often. 5. a) The paper comes every day at 6 AM.
b) Do you come here often? b) The paper does not come here at 6
Ïö°¸Þ Ïí£±pè[ª2nd Regular Doing Words- AM.
comes, goes, walks, talks ö°Ùæ¨
verbs not ìª c) When does the paper come?
êÁÚ¥F, question ö˺ڥF î¦è…ìí£±pè[ª
'does' 5. a) We get the paper at 6 AM
÷ú£ªhÙC.2nd RDWs- he, she, it êÁû¶ î¦è[ê¦Ù. b) We do not get the paper at 6 AM
Ú¥ñæ¨d
'does' ÚÛ«è¯
he, she, it êÁû¶ Ñí£-óµ«-TÙ- Q: Does (Sunil) find?
à¦L. 4) goes (+ not) = does not go; b) ô¦÷±-Þ¥ô¢ª ÏÚÛ\-è…Ú¨ ôÁW ô¦ô¢ª. c) When do you get the paper?
1) Sunita (She) sings well. Q: Does (Sita) go? c) ô¦÷±-Þ¥ô¢ª ÏÚÛ\-è…Ú¨ ôÁW ÷þ§hô¦? 6. a) They understand his teaching well.
2nd RDW
Ïö° Þœªô¢ªhÙ-àŸª-ÚÁÙè…. 4. a) ٠Ñë]óŸªÙ ÖÚÛ ÞœÙå æ©O àŸ«þ§hÙ. b) They do not understand his teaching
a) Sunita does not sing well. takes = does take (with not/?) b) ٠Ñë]óŸªÙ ÖÚÛ ÞœÙå æ©O àŸ«è[Ù. well.
2nd RDW
c) Oªô¢ª ôÁW æ©O Óí£±pè[ª àŸ«þ§hô¢ª? c) How well do they understand his teach-
ÏÚÛ\è[verb 'does sing' - not êÁ. comes = does come (with not/?)
writes = does write (with not/?) . ôÁW Ñë]óŸªÙ 6 ÞœÙåõÚÛª ›íí£ô ÷ú£ªhÙC.
5 a) ing?
b) Does Sunita sing well?
Ïí£±pè[ª Ð Ú¨ÙC î¦æ¨E à¶óŸªÙè…. b) ôÁW Ñë]óŸªÙ 6 ÞœÙå-õÚÛª ›íí£ô ô¦ë]ª. 7. a) You read the paper every day.
ÏÚÛ\è[ ÚÛ«è¯ verb 'does sing' - question ö˺. ÏN
practice
·ôÙè…Ùæ¨Ú© ú£ÙñÙ-CÅÙ-#- c) ôÁW ÓEoÙ-æ¨Ú¨ ›íí£ô ÷ú£ªhÙC? b) You do not read the paper everyday.
ÍÙç¶ ÏÚÛ\è[ sings + not/?
1st RDW, 2nd RDW
ìN. ÍÙç¶ Ú•Eo ú£Ùë]ô¦sÄö˺x 'do',÷ªJ Ú•Eo 6. a) î¦üŒxÚÛª ÎóŸªì ò˺ëÅ]ì ò°Þ¥ Íô¢n÷ª÷±-꟪ÙC. c) What paper do you read everyday?
= does sing
ú£Ùë]ô¦sÄö˺x î¦è¯Lq ÑÙåªÙC. â°vÞœ-êŸhÞ¥ b) î¦üŒxÚÛª ÎóŸªì ò˺ëÅ]ì ò°Þ¥ Íô¢nÙ Ú¥ë]ª. 8. a) She goes to her friends' on Sundays.
sings ìª not êÁ Ú¥F, 'does'
c) î¦üŒxÚÛª ÎóŸªì ò˺ëÅ]ì ÓÙêŸ ò°Þ¥
question ö˺ Ú¥F î¦è…-ì- Íô¢n÷ª÷±êŸªÙC?
b) She does not go to her friends' on
ö°Ùæ¨N î¦è[ê¦Ù.
1st
(Past Doing Word- PDW).
ÚÛ«ôÁa-÷è[Ù, Eõñ-è[è[Ù, EvCÙ-àŸè[Ù, ÚÛõ-Þœ-ìè[Ù, Íô¢nÙ
à¶ú£ªÚÁ-÷è[Ù, Ú•ìè[Ù, ê¶÷è[Ù, ú‡ë]lÄ-í£-è[è[Ù,
îµªàŸªaÚÁ÷è[Ù, û¦åuÙ à¶óŸªè[Ù, ìæ¨Ù-àŸè[Ù, Îè[è[Ù,
RDW ìª
'not' êÁ Þ¥E,
question ö˺ Þ¥F î¦è…ê¶ Nvø‹ÙA Bú£ªÚÁ-÷è[Ù, í£E-à¶óŸªè[Ù, ÷'ëǯ à¶óŸªè[Ù,
'do', 2nd RDW ìª
'not' êÁÞ¥E,
question ö˺ޥE î¦è[è[Ù, ð§è[ª à¶óŸªè[Ù, ÚÛådè[Ù, E÷-ú‡Ù-àŸè[Ù,
î¦è…ê¶ 'does' ÷ú£ªhÙC ÍE êµõªú£ª-ÚÛªû¦oÙ. ñêŸÚÛè[Ù.
Ravi: Hello Ramana when did you return
from Vizag?
ÔÙ êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÛªû¦oÙ?
(ô¢÷ªé, îµjâ°Þ ìªÙ# Óí£±pè[ª AJ-Þ•- Let's go over what we've learnt so far.
à¦aô¢ª?) ÏÙêŸ-÷-ô¢ÚÛ« û¶ô¢ªa-ÚÛª-ìoC ×þ§J àŸ«ë¯lÙ.
Ramana: I returned yesterday. am, is, are; was, were; have/has been; shall
(Eìo AJ-Þ•-à¦aìª.) be/will be;1st Regular Doing Words (go, Î í£±ú£hÚÛÙ ›í@õª. come - came
Ravi: Why did you go to Vizag? come, walk ö°Ùæ¨
verbs), 2nd Regular Doing The pages of the book (book's- î¦è[-ÚÛ«-è[ë]ª) like - liked
(îµjâ°Þ ÓÙë]ªÚÛª îµü‹xô¢ª?) Words (goes, comes, walks ö°Ùæ¨
verbs) ç¶ñªöËÀ Ú¥üŒ‰x. talk - talked
Ramana: I went there to attend a marriage Oæ¨êÁ 'not' êÁ,
question ö˺
do, does î¦è[è[Ù legs of the table (table's êŸí£±p) smell - smelt
the day before. êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÛªû¦oÙ. ÏÙæ¨ êŸõª-í£±õª–Doors of the house. kill - killed
(ÖÚÛ šíRxÚ¨ á-ô¢-ó¶ªuÙ-ë]ªÚÛª îµ³ìo Ïí£±pè[ª Oæ¨E Þœ÷ª-EÙ-àŸÙè…. Ú¥ô¢ª-àŸ-vÚ¥õª–
Wheels of the car. etc.
ÍÚÛ\-è…Ú¨ îµü‹xìª.) Ó÷-J/-Ó-÷-JC = whose Ïí£±pè[ª Ð ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£é àŸ«è[Ùè…. Oæ¨E çµjîª êµL-ú‡ì past actions ÚÛª î¦è[ê¦Ù.
Ravi: How did the marriage go off? Ó÷-J-E/-Ó-÷-JÚ¨ = whom Ramu: I went to my uncle's place last Ïí£±pè[ª àŸ«è[Ùè….
(šíRx Óö° áJ-TÙC?) a) Whose book is this? evening. 1) He comes on time everyday, but he came
Ramana: Oh, it went off very well. late yesterday.
(šíRx à¦ö° ò°Þ¥ áJ-TÙC.) (ví£AôÁW çµjîªÚÛª ÷þ§hè[ª, Eìo Îõ-ú£uÙÞ¥
šíj ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£é Þœ÷ª-EÙ-àŸÙè…. return ÷à¦aè[ª – yesterday - came)
before)
Óí£±pè[ª(yesterday, day before)
÷ªìÚÛª êµõªú£ª.
(yester-
day), went (day before), went (also day
Ï÷Fo ÚÛ«è¯ ÞœêŸÙö˺ áJ-Tì í£ìªõª.
áJÞ¥óµ« ÚÛ«è¯
past actions ÚÛª (ÞœêŸÙö˺ áJ-T-ð¼-ô³ì í£ìª-õÚÛª Ô
ôÁV, Ô ûµõ, Ô ú£Ù÷-êŸqô¢Ù ÍE ÚÛ#aêŸÙÞ¥ êµL-ú‡-ì-
í£±pè[ª) î¦è¶ verb - past doing word. Ð Ú¨ÙC
î¦Ú¥uõª àŸ«è[Ùè….
A
1) He comes here every day.
Íà¶êŸû¦õÚÛª of 2) My mother goes to bed early (regular-
goes). She went late to bed yesterday
(yesterday
went).
ÍE çµjîª àµñªêŸªû¦oÙ Ú¥ñæ¨d –
3) India became independent in 1947.
(òÅ°ô¢ê 1947ö˺ ú£yêŸÙvêŸ ë¶øŒÙ Íô³uÙC.)
4) The movie flopped on the first day of its
release last week (flopped - last week).
5) She passed Intermediate 2 years ago.
Ð Ú¨Ùë] Ï#aì I & II Regular Doing Words
(ví£A-ôÁW) regular action ÏC Ó÷J í£±ú£hÚÛÙ? (Eìo þ§óŸªÙvêŸÙ ÷« ÷«÷ªóŸªu ÏÙæ¨Ú¨ Ú¨ past formsàµí£pÙè….
2) I go to movies every sunday. b) Whose is this book? îµü‹xìª.) eg: buy/buys (regular) - bought (past- Ú•ìåÙ
ÏC regular Ú¥ñæ¨d
'go' Ð í£±ú£hÚÛÙ Ó÷-JC? Raghu: What was the matter? áJ-T-ð¼-ô³ÙC)
B c) ìª÷±y Ó÷-JE ÓÚÛª\÷ Ïù£d-í£-è[-ê¦÷±?A û¦, B û¦? (ÓÙë]ªÚÛª?) sing/sings (regular) - sang (past- ð§è[è[Ù
1) He came here yesterday. Whom do you like more, A or B? Ramu: My cousin returned from the states Íô³-ð¼-ô³ÙC)
(ÍêŸìª Eìo ÷à¦aè[ª) the day before. He wanted to see Oæ¨E vð§Ú©dúà à¶óŸªÙè….
(past action ÚÛë¯, Eìo ÍÙç¶? Eìo ÍE çµjîª me. Aìè[Ù (Regular), Ú•ìè[Ù, ìè[-÷è[Ù, û¶ô¢ªa-ÚÁ÷è[Ù,
ÚÛ«è¯ àµñªêŸªû¦oÙ Ú¥ñæ¨d came) (îµ³ìoû¶ î¦üŒx-ò°sô³ Í-JÚ¥ ìªÙ# ô¦óŸªè[Ù, ÷«æ°xè[è[Ù, Íô¢÷è[Ù, Ôè[÷è[Ù, ÚÛådè[Ù,
2) He went to a movie last night. AJ-Þ•-à¦aè[ª. ÍêŸìª ììªo ÚÛõ-î¦-õ-ìª-ÚÛª- ê¦Þœè[Ù, ÚÛë]õè[Ù, ÷«ô¢è[Ù
ÏC Eìo ô¦vA ÍÙç¶ ÞœêŸÙö˺ × íÆ£ö°û¦ çµjîªö˺ ÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£é 10 û¦oè[ª.) Answers:
áJ-TÙ-ë]E àµñªêŸªû¦oÙ Ú¥ñæ¨d went. Raghu: I tried to get you over phone this eat/eats - ate;
Ð Ú¨ÙC í£æ¨dÚÛ àŸ«è[Ùè…. morning; but your people told me buy/buys - bought;
Regular actions d) ìª÷±y Ó÷-JÚ¨ ú£ï£„-óŸª-í£- you were out. walk/walks - walked;
(vÚÛ÷ªÙ êŸí£p-ÚÛªÙè¯ áJ-¸ÞN) è[-ê¦÷±? (Ð ôÁV ð»ë]ªlì ÚÛ«è¯ Oª ÚÁú£Ù learn/ learns - learnt;
Regular Doing Words Whom do you help? ðƼûË à¶ø‹ìª. Ú¥F Oª î¦üŒ‰x ö¶ô¢E write/writes - wrote;
(I, We, You & they) (He, She & It) a)ÏC û¦ ÚÛõÙ. M. SURESAN (Í÷±ìª. Eìo ô¦vêŸÙê¦ ÷« ÷«÷ªóŸªu build/builds - built;
î¦üŒx-êÁû¶ Ñû¦oìª.)
drink/drinks - drank;
go goes This is my pen.
move/moves - moved;
see sees b) Ð ÚÛõÙ û¦C. Ð ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£é í£J-Q-L›úh ÞœêŸÙö˺ î¦JÚ¨ êµL-ú‡ì change/changes - changed.
come comes This pen is mine. ú£÷ª-óŸªÙö˺ áJ-Tì ú£ÙíÆ£ª-å-ì-õìª ÞœªJÙ# ÷«æ°x-è…-
know knows our - ÷«;
ours - ÷«C ìåªx êµõª-þ¼hÙC. Î verbs: went (last evening),
tell tells your- F/Oª returned (the day before), wanted (after he
teach teaches yours- FC/-OªC came), tried (this morning), told (this morn-
write writes This is my book; Where is yours? Oæ¨E
ing). went, returned, wanted, tried, told -
sing sings (ÏC û¦ í£±ú£hÚÛÙ; Fëµ-ÚÛ\è[?) ÷«÷´-õªÞ¥ ÍÙæ°Ù. Ïö°Ùæ¨
past tense past
keep keeps his- ÍêŸ-E/-Í-êŸ-EC; verbs- ìª ÷ªìÙ Past Doing WordsÍÙë¯Ù.
learn learns her- Î óµ³ÚÛ\ Oæ¨E ÷³ÜuÙÞ¥ ÞœêŸÙö˺ áJ-Tì í£ìªõª, Ô ôÁV, ví£øŒo: present tense, past tense, future
walk walks hers- ÎC Ô ú£Ù÷-êŸqô¢Ù, Ô çµjîªö˺ ÍE êµL-ú‡-ì-í£±pè[ª tense õìª Ô NëÅ]ÙÞ¥, Ôó¶ª Ú¥ö°ö˺x Ñí£-
Past actions, Time stated
her ÍÙç¶ Îîµªìª ÍE ÚÛ«è¯ Íô¢nÙ ÑÙC. î¦è[ê¦Ù. óµ«-TÙ-à¦ö˺ N÷-JÙ-àŸ-Þœ-õô¢ª.
(ÞœêŸÙö˺ × çµjîªö˺ áJ-T-ìN) This is Ramesh's shirt. I met him yesterday. – ú‡. ò°ñª, ÷³ë]l-ì«ô¢ª
ÏC ô¢î¶ªùà à•Ú¥\. ÍÙç¶ ô¢î¶ª-ùÃC, ô¢î¶ª-ùÃÚÛª àµÙCì (Eìo û¶ìª ÍêŸè…E ÚÛõª-ú£ª-ÚÛª-û¦oìª)
Past Doing Words
ÍE êµLóŸª-â¶-óŸª-è¯-EÚ¨ 's (Apostrophe- s) áî¦ñª: ÏÙTxùà ÷«æ°x-è¶Ù-ë]ªÚÛª tenses ›íô¢ªx êµõª-
went saw
î¦è[ê¦Ù.
They lost a lot of money last year.
ú£ª-ÚÁ-î¦-Lqì Í÷-ú£ô¢Ù ö¶ë]ª. Time of action (í£E-
(ð¼ô³ì ú£Ù÷-êŸqô¢Ù î¦üŒ‰x à¦ö° è[ñªs ð¼Þ•-åªd- á-J¸Þ Ú¥õÙ) ñæ¨d î¦è¯-Lqì verb ô¢«í£Ù (verb
came knew
÷« û¦ìo Þ¥J ë]ªú£ªhõª. ÚÛª-û¦oô¢ª)
told taught form) êµõª-ú£ª-ÚÛªÙç¶ à¦õª. Ïí£pæ¨÷ô¢ÚÛª Ð QJ{-ÚÛö˺
wrote sang
My father's cloths.
÷« Í÷ªt ìÞœõª ÍÙç¶ çµjîª êµL-ú‡ì past actions ìª (ÞœêŸÙö˺ áJ- ÷#aì ÍÙø‹-õFo tense ÚÛª ú£ÙñÙ-CÅÙ-#-ìî¶. î¦æ¨E
kept learnt Tì í£ìª-õìª) past doing words ö˺ (past sim- vð§Ú©dúà à¶óŸªÙè….
ple ö˺) êµLóŸª-â¶-óŸ«L. past doing words (past
My mother's jewels
walked
ÖÚÛJ ÍE Þ¥E, ÖÚÛ-JÚ¨ àµÙCì ÍE Þ¥F àµí£p-è¯-EÚ¨ ûËÁæËÀ: ÷ªÙÞœüŒî¦ô¢Ù (WûË 28ì) Q&A ö˺
Ïö°¸Þ Ð Ú¨ÙC Íô¦nõª ÷à¶a English verbs Ú¨, English ö˺ 's (apostrophe- s) î¦è[ê¦Ù. Íô³ê¶
simple) Ñë¯--ô¢-éõª– ví£àŸªJÙ#ì ví£øŒoö˺E û¦õªÞÁ î¦ÚÛuÙ
Regular Doing Words, Past Doing Words
vð§éÙ ö¶E Íà¶-êŸ-ì-iì î¦æ¨Ú¨ ‘àµÙCì’ Íì-è¯-EÚ¨ 's go - went ú£·ôjìC Ú¥ë]ª. Î î¦ÚÛuÙ Ïö° ÑÙè¯L–
practice à¶óŸªÙè…. î¦è[Ù. ë¯E ñë]ªõª 'of' î¦è[ê¦Ù. see - saw I have known (that) you've stolen my
eg: Aìè[Ù –
eat (I RDW), eats (II RDW), ate write - wrote book.