International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.2 , No.

2, Pages : 232- 238 (2013)

Special Issue of NCRTECE 2013 - Held during 8-9 February, 2013 in SMK Fomra Institute of Technology, OMR, Thaiyur, Kelambakkam, Chennai
232

ISSN 2278-3091
Design and Simulation of Pulse-Width
Modulated ZETA Converter with Power Factor
Correction

Jitty Abraham K.Vasanth
Student (Power Electronics) Assistant Professor
EEE Department EEE Department
Sathyabama University Sathyabama University
Chennai, India Chennai,India
E-mail id:jitty_abraham@yahoo.com E-mail id:vasanthecek@gmail.com



Abstract: This paper deals with the implementation of
pulse width modulated Zeta converter with better
efficiency, lower total harmonic distortion factor and
power factor correction. It requires simpler control
circuitry with fewer external components. Basic
operation of Zeta converter is explained. PI filter is used
to reduce the harmonics. Performance of Zeta converter
in open loop, closed loop is obtained. Zeta converter in
closed loop shows better performance compared to open
loop. Both circuits are simulated using MATLAB Simu-
link. Performance of Zeta converter is compared by
giving disturbance in both open loop and closed loop.
Zeta converter in closed loop has low THD value and
power factor near to unity.


Key-words: - Zeta converter, THD, Power Factor

1. INTRODUCTION

The conventional technique of AC-DC
conversion using a diode rectifier with bulk capacitor
is no longer in use due to numerous problems such as
low order harmonics injection into AC power supply,
low power factor, high peak current, line voltage
distortion, increased electromagnetic interference,
extra burden on lines, and additional losses.
Solid-state switch mode rectification converters
have reached a matured level for improving power
quality in terms of power-factor correction (PFC) and
reduced total harmonic distortion (THD). The major
challenge is to control the output voltage and
improve PFC simultaneously.
The basic dc-to-dc converter topologies using
Buck-converter, Boost converter and Buck-Boost
converter have their intrinsic limitations when used
for active power factor correction along with voltage
regulation purposes.
In the proposed model a relatively new class
of DC-DC converter, Zeta converter is used for
active PFC and voltage regulation having advantages
of being naturally isolated structure, can operate as
both stepup/down voltage converter and having only
one stage power processing for both voltage
regulation and PFC .



A Zeta converter performs a non-inverting
buck-boost function similar to that of a SEPIC. But in
application which implies high power, the operation
of a converter in discontinuous mode is not attractive
because it results in high rms values of the currents
causing high levels of stress in the semiconductors. In
this paper, an active power factor correction (PFC) is
performed by using a Zeta converter operating in
continuous conduction mode (CCM), where the
inductor current must follow a sinusoidal voltage
waveform. This method provides nearly unity power
factor with low THD.



2. ZETA CONVERTER



Fig1-Zeta Converter [12]

International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.2 , No.2, Pages : 232- 238 (2013)
Special Issue of NCRTECE 2013 - Held during 8-9 February, 2013 in SMK Fomra Institute of Technology, OMR, Thaiyur, Kelambakkam, Chennai
233

ISSN 2278-3091


Principle of operation

When analyzing Zeta waveforms it shows that at
equilibrium, L1 average current equals I
IN
and L2
average current equals I
OUT
, since there is no DC
current through the flying capacitor C
FLY
. Also there
Stage-1[M
1
ON]


Fig2-Zeta converter during MOSFET ON time

The switch M
1
is in ON state, so voltages V
L1
and
V
L2
are equal to Vin. In this time interval diode D
1
is
OFF with a reverse voltage equal to - (Vin + VO).
Inductor L
1
and L
2
get energy from the voltage
source, and their respective currents I
L1
and I
L2
are
increased linearly by ratio Vin/L
1
and Vin/L
2
respectively. Consequently, the switch current
I
M1
=I
L1
+I
L2
is increased linearly by a ratio Vin/L,
where L=L
1
.L
2
/ (L
1
+L
2
). At this moment, discharging
of capacitor C
fly
and charging of capacitor C
0
take place.

Stage-2 [M
1
OFF]
is no DC voltage across either inductor. Therefore,
C
FLY
sees ground potential at its left side and V
OUT
at
its right side, resulting in DC voltage across C
FLY
being equal to V
OUT
.















Fig3-Zeta converter during Mosfet OFF time

In this stage, the switch M
1
turns OFF and the
diode D
1
is forward biased starting to conduct. The
voltage across L
1
and L
2
become equal to -Vo
and inductors L
1
and L
2
transfer energy to capacitor
C
fly
and load respectively. The current of L
1
and
L
2
decreases linearly now by a ratio V
0
/L
1
and
V
0
/L
2
, respectively.The current in the diode
I
D1
=I
L1
+I
L2
also decreases linearly by ratio V
0
/L. At
this moment, the voltage across switch M
1
is
V
M
=Vin +V
0
. Figure 4 shows the main waveforms
of the ZETA converter, for one cycle of
operation in the steady state continues mode.

3.DESIGN OF COMPONENTS OF ZETA
CONVERTER [3]

A ZETA converter performs a non-inverting
buck-boost function. For a ZETA converter operating
in CCM, the duty cycle is defined as
D=
IH

IiH +IH

To determine the value of inductances L1 and
L2 the peak-to-peak ripple current is taken
approximately 10-20% of the average output current.
The value of these inductances may be expressed as,

L
1
=L
2
=
IiH

AIIFs




Fig4-Zeta converter waveforms [4]
The coupling capacitor (C1) is designed on the
basis of its ripple voltage. The maximum voltage
handled by a coupling capacitor (C1) is equal to input
voltage. It can be estimated as
International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.2 , No.2, Pages : 232- 238 (2013)
Special Issue of NCRTECE 2013 - Held during 8-9 February, 2013 in SMK Fomra Institute of Technology, OMR, Thaiyur, Kelambakkam, Chennai
234

ISSN 2278-3091


C
fly
=
IH

AIc 1Fs

The output capacitor (C0) must have enough
capacitance to maintain the dc link voltage and must
have to provide continuous load current at high
switching frequency. It can be calculated as:


C
0

IH

AIcH (0.5Fs)

Fig6-AC input voltage

where, D is duty cycle, Vo is dc link voltage, Vin is
rms value of the input voltage, Io is output rated
current, fs is switching frequency, AVc1 is the ripple
voltage of the coupling capacitor, AVco is the ripple
voltage of the output capacitor.

4.Simulation Results

i. Conventional Open Loop Zeta Converter
with RL load

The importance of simulation is apparent for the
preliminary design of any system. System behavior
and performance can be predicted with the help of the
simulation. To verify and investigate the design and
performance of the preliminary stage, a simulation
study of Zeta converter in open loop is performed for
input DC voltage of 15V at 50Hz and output DC
voltage of 8.5V and 14W output power rating with a
switching frequency of 10KHz,with RL load.
Power circuit of Zeta converter with open
loop is shown in figure5.AC input voltage is shown
in figure6.Switching pulse and V
ds
for MOSFET is
shown in fig7.Output voltage, output current and
output power are shown in fig 8,9&10 respectively
Power factor for open loop Zeta converter is shown
in fig11.Total Harmonic Distortion is shown in
fig12.For conventional circuit THD value is very
high.










Fig5-Open Loop Zeta Converter











Fig7-Switching pulse and Vds for M1










Fig8-Output Voltage


Fig9-Output Current



Fig10-Output Power
International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.2 , No.2, Pages : 232- 238 (2013)
Special Issue of NCRTECE 2013 - Held during 8-9 February, 2013 in SMK Fomra Institute of Technology, OMR, Thaiyur, Kelambakkam, Chennai
235

ISSN 2278-3091



Fig11-Power Factor for conventional circuit



Fig12-FFT Analysis for open loop zeta converter

ii. Conventional Open Loop Zeta Converter
with Disturbance in the Input Side

In the circuit of conventional open loop zeta
converter, a step disturbance is given in the input
side. Input voltage, output voltage, output current and
output voltage of the circuit is shown in fig14, 15,
16&17 respectively. Total Harmonic Distortion is
shown in fig18.













Fig14-I nput Voltage
Fig15-Output Voltage



Fig16-Output Current



Fig17-FFT Analysis for open loop zeta converter with disturbance




iii. Proposed Closed Loop Zeta Converter with
RL Load

Fig 18 shows the closed loop zeta converter for
power factor correction with RL load. It uses a very
simple control feedback, which only requires output
voltage sensing.
A bridge rectifier is used at the input AC
side with a power factor corrector using an inductor
and capacitor combination. Now, a small value of
output voltage, compared to the reference value and
resulting value, passes through the proportional
International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.2 , No.2, Pages : 232- 238 (2013)
Special Issue of NCRTECE 2013 - Held during 8-9 February, 2013 in SMK Fomra Institute of Technology, OMR, Thaiyur, Kelambakkam, Chennai
236

ISSN 2278-3091


integral (PI) controller , which generates the PWM
output and is used for switching the MOSFET(M
1
).
It has inherent power factor correction
characteristics with constant duty ratio and switching
frequency, offering an attractive solution for lower
power applications.
The output voltage regulation is provided by
the feedback loop as shown in Fig19, where the
output sensed voltage Vo is compared with a
reference Vref value and the error is amplified in a
proportional integral (PI) controller which is
compared with a saw-tooth ramp Vs, thus providing
the pulse to power switch. Therefore, this circuit is
controlled by the difference in the on- time interval
and the constant switching frequency fs.[2]
Input voltage, output voltage, and output current
are shown in figure20,21&22 respectively. Power
factor for closed loop zeta converter is shown in
fig23.Total Harmonic Distortion is shown fig24.















Fig18-Proposed Closed Loop Zeta Converter with RL Load











Fig19-Practical voltage follower approach for PWM control











Fig20-I nput Voltage










Fig21-Output Voltage











Fig22-Output Current


Fig22-Power Factor for proposed circuit
















Fig23-FFT Analysis for closed loop zeta converter

iv. Proposed Closed Loop Zeta Converter with
Disturbance in the Input Side

In the circuit of closed loop zeta converter,a step
disturbance is given in the input side. Input
voltage,output voltage and output current for the
circuit is shown in fig24,25&26.Total Harmonic
Distortion is shown in fig27.
International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.2 , No.2, Pages : 232- 238 (2013)
Special Issue of NCRTECE 2013 - Held during 8-9 February, 2013 in SMK Fomra Institute of Technology, OMR, Thaiyur, Kelambakkam, Chennai
237

ISSN 2278-3091
















Fig24-I nput Voltage











Fig25-Output Voltage












Fig26-Output Power




Fig27-FFT Analysis for closed loop zeta converter with
disturbance

5.PERFORMANCE

EFFICIENCY- Open loop zeta converter

Input
Voltage
Output
Voltage
Output
Power
Efficiency
in %
12 6.5 8.59 91
13 7.1 10.28 92.3
14 7.78 12.1 92.6
15 8.5 14.08 93.1

EFFICIENCY-Closed loop zeta converter

Input
Voltage
Output
Voltage
Output
Power
Efficiency
in %
12 4.3 3.8 92
13 7.6 11.4 93.1
14 8.1 13.13 94
15 8.45 14.29 94.5


6.EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS



Fig28-Experi mental setup

Experimental results are presented in this
section to show the validity of the proposed method,
and an experimental prototype of the pulse-width
modulated zeta power factor correction converter has
been constructed. The experimental setup with
detailed specifications are shown in fig28.IR2110 is
used as the driver circuit.PIC16F84A is used as the
processor. A pi-filter is added to avoid control error
caused by the switch noise.
International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.2 , No.2, Pages : 232- 238 (2013)
Special Issue of NCRTECE 2013 - Held during 8-9 February, 2013 in SMK Fomra Institute of Technology, OMR, Thaiyur, Kelambakkam, Chennai
238

ISSN 2278-3091

7.CONCLUSION

This paper explains the pulse width modulated Zeta
converter. In this paper design and simulation of Zeta
converter in open loop and closed loop are carried out
for 8.5V, 14W output .Both the circuits are simulated
with RL load. Pi filter is used to reduce the
harmonics. The closed loop zeta converter has a good
efficiency of 94.5% .The total harmonic distortion of
the closed loop zeta converter is good. The power
factor correction is very close to unity. The closed
loop disturbance circuit has low THD value. It allows
correction of power factor operating in continuous
mode and therefore more adequate to the application
in high power


8.REFERENCES


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