Power Electronics Manual

EE 410 POWER ELECTRONICS
LAB MANUAL
POWER ELECTRONICS LABORATORY

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
EXPERIMENT #
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Rectifiers:
Half Wave Rectifier. Rectifiers: Full Wave Rectifier Diodes: V-I characteristics of Diode Regulators: Series Voltage Regulator Regulators: Shunt Voltage Regulator Thyristors: V-I characteristics of SCR DC-DC Converters: Step down dc converters DC-DC Converters: Step up dc converters Inverters: Single phase DC-AC inverters Inverters: 3 phase DC-AC inverters
EXPERIMENT TITLE
Page No
2 5 8 11 16 21 26 29 32 34 37 40
Variable Frequency Converters

Single phase speed drive for induction motor
Variable Frequency Converters

Three phase speed drive for induction motor
Instructor: Aashir Waleed, Lecturer Electrical Engg. Dept, UET Fsd
Page 1
LAB MANUAL
Name Reg. # Marks EXPERIMENT # 1
Half Wave Rectifier

Objectives: Introduction to half wave Rectification. Apparatus: 1. 2. 3. 4. Diodes Resistance Function Generator Oscilloscope
Theory: In half wave rectification of a single-phase supply, either the positive or negative half of the AC wave is passed, while the other half is blocked. Because only one half of the input waveform reaches the output, mean voltage is lower. Half-wave rectification requires a single diode in a single-phase supply, or three in a three-phase supply. Rectifiers yield a unidirectional but pulsating direct current; half-wave rectifiers produce far more ripple than full-wave rectifiers, and much more filtering is needed to eliminate harmonics of the AC frequency from the output. The no-load output DC voltage of an ideal half wave rectifier is:
Where: Vdc, Vav - the DC or average output voltage,
Page 2
LAB MANUAL
Vpeak - the peak value of the phase input voltages, Vrms - the root-mean-square value of output voltage. = ~ 3.14159 A real rectifier will have a characteristic which drops part of the input voltage (a voltage drop, for silicon devices, of typically 0.7 volts plus an equivalent resistance, in general non-linear), and at high frequencies will distort waveforms in other ways; unlike an ideal rectifier, it will dissipate power. Procedure: 1. 2. 3. 4. Connect up the circuit as shown in figure. Apply Vin of 5V and 60Hz. Check Vout using scope. Measure RF, PF, Vdc.
Precautions: 1. Tools should be used carefully 2. Connection should be tight. Diagram:
Page 3
LAB MANUAL
Observations:
Vdc= 0.318Vpeak=________ FF=Vrms/Vdc=_________ Lab Exercise:
RF=Vac/Vdc=_________ PF=Pac/V.A=__________
Task 1.1: Repeat Experiment for R-L load and Draw output waveforms across load in conclusions. Conclusions: Write your observations & comments in the space provided below:
Page 4
LAB MANUAL
Name Reg. # Marks
EXPERIMENT # 2
Full Wave Rectifier

Objectives: Introduction to full wave Rectification. Apparatus: 1. 2. 3. 4. Diodes Resistance Function Generator Oscilloscope
Theory: A full-wave rectifier converts the whole of the input waveform to one of constant polarity (positive or negative) at its output. Full- wave rectification converts both polarities of the input waveform to DC (direct current), and is more efficient. During the positive half cycle the diode D1 & D2 are in forward biased condition, they conduct the current. The other diodes are in the reverse biased condition that is why they will not conduct the current. During the negative half cycle the diode D3 & D4 are in forward biased condition, they conduct the current. The other diodes are in the reverse biased condition that is why they will not conduct the current. Procedure: 1. 2. 3. 4. Connect the circuit as shown in the diagram. Calibrate the oscilloscope Apply the input voltage Observe the input and output waveforms on the screen of oscilloscope
Page 5
LAB MANUAL
Observations:
Vdc = 2 Vm/ = _______ = Pdc/Psc =__________ R.F = Vac/Vdc=________
Vrms = 0.707 Vpeak =
________
F.F = Vrms/Vdc = ___________ P.F = Pac/V.A =____________
Page 6
LAB MANUAL
Lab Exercise: Task 2.1: Repeat Experiment for R-L load and Draw output waveforms across load in conclusions. Conclusions: Write your observations & comments in the space provided below:
Task 2.2: Draw a three phase rectifier diagram and also verify it experimentally via SIMULINK or Proteus. Conclusions: Write your observations & comments in the space provided below:
Page 7
LAB MANUAL
Name Reg. # Marks EXPERIMENT # 3
Objectives: Ploting V-I Characteristics of Diode Apparatus: 1. 2. 3. 4. Diodes Resistance Function Generator Oscilloscope
Theory: A diode conducts in forward bias (when anode is positive with respect to cathode). It does not conduct in reverse bias. When diode is forward biased the barrier potential at the junction reduces. The majority carries then diffuse across the junction. This causes the current to flow across the diode. In reverse bias, the barrier potential increases so that no current flows from diode. Procedure: a) Forward Bias: 1. Connect the circuit as shown in fig A. 2. Apply the supply voltage Vin at steps of 0.5V from 0 to 5 V. 3. Measure the voltage V across the diode and current I for different steps of voltage. 4. Draw the voltage V and current I for different values. b) Reverse Bias: 1. Connect the circuit as shown in fig B.. 2. Apply the supply voltage Vin at steps of 0.5V from 0 to 5 V. 3. Measure the voltage V across the diode and current I for different steps of voltage. 4. Draw the voltage V and current I for different values.
Instructor: Aashir Waleed, Lecturer Electrical Engg. Dept, UET Fsd Page 8
LAB MANUAL
Fig A. Forward Bias Observation and Calculations: a) Forward Bias: Sr. No. Applied Voltage Vin (volts)
Fig B. Reverse Bias
Diode Voltage V (volts)
Diode Current I (mA)
Page 9
LAB MANUAL
b) Reverse Bias: Sr. No. Applied Voltage Vin (volts) Diode Voltage V (volts) Diode Current I (A)
Result: Draw a graph between Vd and Id and append it with manual.
Lab Exercise: Task 3.1 Define cut-in voltage of PN junction Diode
List applications of PN junction diode
Give values of cut-in voltage of Germanium and Silicon
Page 10
LAB MANUAL
Name Reg. # Marks
EXPERIMENT # 4 Series Voltage Regulator Objectives: 1. To design a series voltage regulator. 2. To find load regulation 3. To find line regulation Apparatus: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Power transistor 2N3055 Transistor Zener diode Resistors 947, 2.48K, 2.2k, 2.75K, 49.6 Multimeter
Theory: The term regulation is the ability of the power supply source to maintain a constant output voltage in spite of line voltage fluctuations and changes in load current . In a series regulator, the switching control element is connected between the load and the unregulated supply. The series regulator is desirable when the load current varies from zero to fixed maximum. A shunt regulator is suitable when the load current varies from a finite minimum value to a finite maximum value. In this circuit the transistor Q2 Functions both as a voltage comparator and dc amplifier. Any increase in the output voltage Vo either due to the inputvoltage variation or change of load results in increase of VBE of the transistor Q2. Hence the collector current IC2 increase. Due to this the total current is following through R3increases. Hence the collector voltage of Q2 decreases. Since the base of Q1is tied to the collector of T2, the base voltage of Q1, with respect to ground decreases thereby decreasing the forward bias of the emitter junction of Q2. Hence the collector emitter voltage of Q1 has to increase
LAB MANUAL
in order to maintain the same emitter current. If the change in VCE,of Q1can be made equal to Vi then the output voltage will remain constant. Since VCBI =VCEI.We can assume that if Vi dropped across R3, then the output voltage will remain constant. Line Regulation: Line regulation is a measure of the ability of the power supply to maintain its output voltage given changes in the input line voltage. Line regulation is expressed as percent of change in the output voltage relative to the change in the input line voltage. Line Regulation = (o/p voltage at high line i/p voltage O/p voltage at low line i/p voltage) * 100 / (high line i/p voltage low line i/p voltage) Load Regulation : Load regulation is a measure of the ability of an output channel to remain constant given changes in the load. Depending on the control mode enabled on the output channel, the load regulation specification can be expressed in one of two ways In constant voltage mode, variations in the load result in changes in the output current. This variation is expressed as a percentage of range per amp of output load and is synonymous with a series resistance. In constant voltage mode, the load regulation specification defines how close the series resistance of the output is to 0 ohms - the series resistance of an ideal voltage source. Load Regulation can be defined as a percentage by the equation: Percent of Regulation = (Enl Efl)/Efl * 100 Procedure: Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram. 1. For load regulation characteristics, keep the input voltage constant, find VL for different values of RL. Plot the graph by taking RL in the axis and VL in the Y axis. 2. For line regulation characteristics, keep RLconstant and for different values of input Vin find VL. Plot the graph by taking Vin in x axis and VL in the y axis
LAB MANUAL
Circuit Diagram:
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS Series pass Transistor 2N3055:
hfe=20-70 Iemax=15 amperes Vce=70V BC 170 Ie=2 mA hfe=125-500
ASSUMPTIONS VI=12.4 V =250 mA =2.5 mA =10mA 1 =28 2 =188
DESIGN = VL/2 = 12.4 / 2 = 6.2 V

LAB MANUAL
= VL/IL= 12.4 / 250*10-3= 49.6 = 0.01 * IL= 12.4 / 250 mA = VL VZ/ ID= 12.4 6.2 / 2.5* 10-3 = 2.48 K R1 = VL (VBE2+VZ)/ I1= (12.4-(0.7 + 6.2)/ 2.5*10-3 =5.5 / 2.5 * 103= 2.2K VR2= VBE2+ VZ* (R2/ R1+R2) 0.7 + 6.2 = 12.4 * (R2/ (2.2*10-3+R2)) R2 = 2.75 K I2 = (V2+VBE2) / R2= 6.9 / 2.75 *103 =2.5mA IE1 = (ID+I1+ IL) = (2.5 + 2.5 + 250) mA = 255mA IB1 = IE1/ 1 =255 / 28 = 9.107 mA I3 = IB1+ IC2= 9.107 mA = 19.107 mA R3 + [VINMX (VBE1+ V2)] / I3= 25-(0.7*6.2)/ 19.107*10-3= 947 Tabulation: Line regulation RL = ------------ () Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 Vi (V) V0(V)
Load regulation Vi= ------------ (V) Sr. No. 1

R
(Load)
V0(V)
LAB MANUAL
2 3 4 5
Result: The series voltage regulator was designed and constructed and the characteristics were plotted. 1. the regulated output voltage was found to be--------------V. 2. Line regulation was found to be --------------------3. Load regulation was found to be ----------------------. Lab Task: 1. What will be the output voltage if reference voltage was short circuited
2. What will be the output voltage if reference voltage was open circuited
3. What will happen if potential divider was open circuited
4. What is the role of resistor R1in this circuit
Name Reg. # Marks

LAB MANUAL
EXPERIMENT # 5 Shunt Voltage Regulator Objectives: 1. To design a shunt voltage regulator . 2. To find load regulation 3. To find line regulation Apparatus: 1. Regulated power supply (0-30 V) 2. Resistors 31.66 ,10 K 3. Zener diode Theory: The function of a voltage regulator is to provide a stable dc voltage to electronic circuits and capable of providing substantial output current. Since the element or component used for voltage regulation is connected across the load, it is called as shunt voltage regulator. There are two types of shunt voltage regulator 1. Zener diode shunt voltage regulator 2. Transistor shunt voltage regulator A zener diode is connected in parallel with the load; a resistance (R2) is connected in series with the zener to limit the current in the circuit. Hence the resistance is called as series current limiting resistor. The output voltage (Vo) is taken across the load resistance (R1). Since the reverse bias characteristics of zener diode are used in voltage regulation, the input voltage is always maintained greater than zener voltage (Vz).
Line Regulation:
Page 16
LAB MANUAL
Line regulation is a measure of the ability of the power supply to maintain its output voltage given changes in the input line voltage. Line regulation is expressed as percent of change in the output voltage relative to the change in the input line voltage. Load Regulation: Load regulation is a measure of the ability of an output channel to remain constant given changes in the load. Depending on the control mode enabled on the output channel, the load regulation specification can be expressed in one of two ways: In constant voltage mode, variations in the load result in changes in the output current. This variation is expressed as a percentage of range per amp of output load and is synonymous with a series resistance. In constant voltage mode, the load regulation specification defines how close the series resistance of the output is to 0 ohms - the series resistance of an ideal voltage source. In constant current mode, variations in the load result in changes to the current through the load. This variation is expressed as a percentage of range change in current per volt of change in the output voltage and is synonymous with a resistance in parallel with the output channel terminals. In constant current mode, the load regulation specification defines how close the output shunt resistance is to infinitythe parallel resistance of an ideal current. In fact, when load regulation is specified in constant current mode, parallel resistance is expressed as 1/load regulation. Load Regulation can be defined as a percentage by the equation: Percentage of Regulation = (Enl Efl)/Efl * 100
Page 17
LAB MANUAL
PROCEDURE: Line regulation 1. Connections are made as per as the circuit diagram. 2. The load resistance (RL) is kept constant and input voltage is varied and the corresponding output voltage (Vo) are noted. 3. A graph is drawn by taking input voltage (Vi) in x axis and output voltage (Vo) in y axis. Load regulation 1. The same circuit is used for finding load regulation. In the case, the input voltage (Vi) is kept constant. 2. The load resistance RL is varied and the corresponding output voltage are noted. 3. A graph is plotted by having RL in x axis and Vo in y axis. Circuit Diagram:
DESIGN Let lzmax = 10 mA, Vz = VL= 5.1 V Load current lL= 50 mA. Therefore RL= VL/ lL= 5.1 V/ 50 * 10-3 A = 120
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LAB MANUAL
RL= 102 RL should be greater than or equal to 102 I1= IZ+ IL= 10mA + 50 mA I1= 60 mA Rs = ( Vi-Vz) / I1= (7-5.1) / (60*10-3= 31.66 Rs = 31.66 Tabulation: Line regulation RL= 10 K () Sr. No. Vi (V) Vo (V)
Load regulation Vi= 7 (V) Sr. No. R( Load) Vo (V)
Result: The shunt voltage regulator was designed and constructed and the characteristics were plotted. 1. The regulated output voltage was found to be--------------V.
LAB MANUAL
2. Line regulation was found to be --------------------3. Load regulation was found to be ---------------------Lab Tasks: 1. What will be the output voltage if Zener diode was short circuited?
2. What will be the output voltage if reference voltage was open circuited
3. What is the disadvantage of shunt regulator
Name
LAB MANUAL
Reg. # Marks
EXPERIMENT # 6 Characteristics of SCR Objectives: To draw characteristic curve of SCR. Apparatus: 1. 2. 3. 4. Regulated power supply (0-30 V) SCR T 106A1 Resistance DMM
Theory: A silicon-controlled rectifier (or semiconductor-controlled rectifier) is a fourlayer solid state current controlling device. The name "silicon controlled rectifier" or SCR is General Electric's trade name for a type of thyristor. The SCR was developed by a team of power engineers led by Robert N. Hall and commercialized by Frank W. "Bill" Gutzwiller in 1957. This device is generally used in switching applications. In the normal "off" state, the device restricts current to the leakage current. When the gate-tocathode voltage exceeds a certain threshold, the device turns "on" and conducts current. The device will remain in the "on" state even after gate current is removed so long as current through the device remains above the holding current. Once current falls below the holding current for an appropriate period of time, the device will switch "off". If the gate is pulsed and the current through the device is below the latching current, the device will remain in the "off" state. If the applied voltage increases rapidly enough, capacitive coupling may induce enough charge into the gate to trigger the device into the "on" state; this is
LAB MANUAL
referred to as "dv/dt triggering." This is usually prevented by limiting the rate of voltage rise across the device, perhaps by using a snubber. "dv/dt triggering" may not switch the SCR into full conduction rapidly, and the partially triggered SCR may dissipate more power than is usual, possibly harming the device. SCRs can also be triggered by increasing the forward voltage beyond their rated breakdown voltage (also called as break over voltage), but again, this does not rapidly switch the entire device into conduction and so may be harmful so this mode of operation is also usually avoided. Also, the actual breakdown voltage may be substantially higher than the rated breakdown voltage, so the exact trigger point will vary from device to device. PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram. 2. The value of gate current IG, is set to convenient value by adjusting VGG. 3. By varying the anode- cathode supply voltage VAA gradually in step-bystep, note down the corresponding values of VAK & IA. Note down VAK & IA at the instant of firing of SCR and after firing (by reducing the voltmeter ranges and in creasing the ammeter ranges) then increase the supply voltage VAA. Note down corresponding values of VAK & IA. 4. The point at which SCR fires, gives the value of break over voltage VBO. 5. A graph of VAK V/S IA is to be plotted. 6. The on state resistance can be calculated from the graph by using a formula. 7. The gate supply voltage VGG is to be switched off 8. Observe the ammeter reading by reducing the anode-cathode supply voltage VAA. The point at which the ammeter reading suddenly goes to zero gives the value of Holding Current IH. 9. Steps No.2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 are repeated for another value of the gate current IG.
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LAB MANUAL
Alternate Method: 1. Connections are made as shown in figure 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Adjust the value of Ig to zero or some minimum value. By varying the voltage Vak from 0 to 10 volts with a step of 2 volts, note down corresponding values of Ia Now apply the gate voltage gradually, until SCR fires, then note down the values of Ig and also the values of Ia and Vak Increase Vaa to some value and note down Ia and Vak Reduce gate voltage to zero, observe ammeter reading by reducing Vaa which gives the values of Ih (holding current) at the point at which, current suddenly drops to zero
7. 8. 9.
Repeat the steps 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 for different values of break over voltage Plot a graph of Vak v/s Ia The on state resistance can be calculated from the graph by using formula,
R on state= Vak/ Ia ohms Circuit Diagram:
Page 23
LAB MANUAL
Observation:
Page 24
LAB MANUAL
Lab Tasks: 1. Explain the working operation of VI characteristics of S.C.R.
2. Define Holding current, Latching current on state resistance, Break down Voltage.
3. Mention the applications of S.C.R.? 4. Draw graph using values of Vak and Iak for both cases.
Page 25
LAB MANUAL
Name Reg. # Marks
EXPERIMENT # 7 DC DC Converters Objectives: To study step down Converters. Apparatus: 1. Regulated power supply Theory: DC-to-DC converter is an electronic circuit which converts a source of direct current (DC) from one voltage level to another. It is a class of power converter. DC to DC converters are important in portable electronic devices such as cellular phones and laptop computers, which are supplied with power from batteries primarily. Such electronic devices often contain several subcircuits, each with its own voltage level requirement different from that supplied by the battery or an external supply (sometimes higher or lower than the supply voltage). Additionally, the battery voltage declines as its stored power is drained. Switched DC to DC converters offer a method to increase voltage from a partially lowered battery voltage thereby saving space instead of using multiple batteries to accomplish the same thing. Most DC to DC converters also regulate the output voltage. Some exceptions include high-efficiency LED power sources, which are a kind of DC to DC converter that regulates the current through the LEDs, and simple charge pumps which double or triple the output voltage.
LAB MANUAL
The
basic
operation
of
the
buck
converter
has
the
current
in
an inductor controlled by two switches (usually a transistor and a diode). In the idealized converter, all the components are considered to be perfect. Specifically, the switch and the diode have zero voltage drop when on and zero current flow when off and the inductor has zero series resistance. Further, it is assumed that the input and output voltages do not change over the course of a cycle (this would imply the output capacitance as being infinite). A boost converter (step-up converter) is a DC-to-DC power converter with an output voltage greater than its input voltage. It is a class of switched-mode power supply (SMPS) containing at least two semiconductor switches (a diode and a transistor) and at least one energy storage element,
a capacitor, inductor, or the two in combination. Filters made of capacitors (sometimes in combination with inductors) are normally added to the output of the converter to reduce output voltage ripple.
.PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram. 2. Apply input DC voltage. 3. Observe the output current and voltage waveforms. Circuit Diagram:
Page 27
LAB MANUAL
Observation:
Lab Tasks: 1. Draw circuit diagram of buck- boost converter and explain their waveforms.
Page 28
LAB MANUAL
Name Reg. # Marks
EXPERIMENT # 8 DC DC Converters Objectives: To study step up Converters. Apparatus: 1. Regulated power supply Theory: DC-to-DC converter is an electronic circuit which converts a source of direct current (DC) from one voltage level to another. It is a class of power converter. DC to DC converters are important in portable electronic devices such as cellular phones and laptop computers, which are supplied with power from batteries primarily. Such electronic devices often contain several subcircuits, each with its own voltage level requirement different from that supplied by the battery or an external supply (sometimes higher or lower than the supply voltage). Additionally, the battery voltage declines as its stored power is drained. Switched DC to DC converters offer a method to increase voltage from a partially lowered battery voltage thereby saving space instead of using multiple batteries to accomplish the same thing. Most DC to DC converters also regulate the output voltage. Some exceptions include high-efficiency LED power sources, which are a kind of DC to DC converter that regulates the current through the LEDs, and simple charge pumps which double or triple the output voltage.
LAB MANUAL
The
basic
operation
of
the
buck
converter
has
the
current
in
an inductor controlled by two switches (usually a transistor and a diode). In the idealized converter, all the components are considered to be perfect. Specifically, the switch and the diode have zero voltage drop when on and zero current flow when off and the inductor has zero series resistance. Further, it is assumed that the input and output voltages do not change over the course of a cycle (this would imply the output capacitance as being infinite). A boost converter (step-up converter) is a DC-to-DC power converter with an output voltage greater than its input voltage. It is a class of switched-mode power supply (SMPS) containing at least two semiconductor switches (a diode and a transistor) and at least one energy storage element,
a capacitor, inductor, or the two in combination. Filters made of capacitors (sometimes in combination with inductors) are normally added to the output of the converter to reduce output voltage ripple.
.PROCEDURE:
Page 30
LAB MANUAL
Observation:
Lab Tasks: 1. Differentiate between isolated and non isolated DC Converters.
Page 31
LAB MANUAL
Name Reg. # Marks
EXPERIMENT # 9 DC AC Converters Objectives: To study Single phase DC-AC inverters. Apparatus: 1. Regulated power supply 2. Controlled switches 3. RLE Load
Theory: A power inverter, or inverter, is an electrical power converter that
changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC); the converted AC can be at any required voltage and frequency with the use of
appropriate transformers, switching, and control circuits. Solid-state inverters have no moving parts and are used in a wide range of applications, and from small switching power supplies in computers, to large electric utility high-voltage direct current applications that transport bulk power. Inverters are commonly used to supply AC power from DC sources such as solar panels or batteries.
Page 32

.PROCEDURE:
LAB MANUAL
Observation: Draw output and input voltages and currents in the space given below
Lab Tasks: 1. What is the difference between half bridge and full bridge DC-AC inverters.
LAB MANUAL
Name Reg. # Marks
EXPERIMENT # 10 DC AC Converters Objectives: To study three phase DC-AC inverters. Apparatus: 1.Regulated power supply 2. Controlled switches Theory: A power inverter, or inverter, is an electrical power converter that
changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC); the converted AC can be at any required voltage and frequency with the use of
appropriate transformers, switching, and control circuits. Solid-state inverters have no moving parts and are used in a wide range of applications, and from small switching power supplies in computers, to large electric utility high-voltage direct current applications that transport bulk power. Inverters are commonly used to supply AC power from DC sources such as solar panels or batteries.
.PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram. 2. Apply input DC voltage. 3. Observe the output current and voltage waveforms.
LAB MANUAL
Circuit Diagram:
Observation: Draw output and input voltages and currents in the space given below
Page 35
LAB MANUAL
Lab Tasks: 1. Write down applications of three phase inverters in practical life.
2. Differentiate between single phase and three phase Inverters.
Page 36
LAB MANUAL
Name Reg. # Marks
EXPERIMENT # 11 Variable Frequency Converters Objectives: To study Single phase speed drive for induction motor. Apparatus: 1. Rectifier stage 2. Controlled Inverters for frequency control 3. Induction Motor
Theory: Nowadays frequency converters are used for virtually loss-free control of threephase asynchronous motors with short-circuited (squirrel-cage) rotors. The robust motor design along with economical and technically advanced frequency converters open up a wide variety of applications. Here we can only illustrate a few examples of these applications. Frequency converters can be subdivided into 4 functional units:
Page 37
LAB MANUAL
.PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram. 2. Apply input voltage. 3. Observe the speed variations with change in duty cycle of switches of inverter. Circuit Diagram:
Page 38
LAB MANUAL
Observation: Observe change in speed with change in frequency and draw a graph between frequency and speed. Append the graph with page Lab Tasks: 1. What is speed control formula for induction motor?
2. How variable speed for induction motor is achieved?
Page 39
LAB MANUAL
Name Reg. # Marks
EXPERIMENT # 12 Variable Frequency Converters Objectives: To study three phase speed drive for induction motor. Apparatus: 1. Rectifier stage 2. Controlled Inverters for frequency control 3. Induction Motor
Theory: Nowadays frequency converters are used for virtually loss-free control of threephase asynchronous motors with short-circuited (squirrel-cage) rotors. The robust motor design along with economical and technically advanced frequency converters open up a wide variety of applications. Here we can only illustrate a few examples of these applications. Frequency converters can be subdivided into 4 functional units:
Page 40
LAB MANUAL
.PROCEDURE:
4. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram. 5. Apply input voltage. 6. Observe the speed variations with change in duty cycle of switches of inverter. Circuit Diagram:
Page 41
LAB MANUAL
Observation: Observe change in speed with change in frequency and draw a graph between frequency and speed. Append the graph with page Lab Tasks: 1. What is speed control formula for induction motor?
2. What is main difference between single phase and three phase variable speed drives?
Page 42

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EE 410 POWER ELECTRONICS

POWER ELECTRONICS LABORATORY

Variable Frequency Converters

Variable Frequency Converters

Instructor: Aashir Waleed, Lecturer Electrical Engg. Dept, UET Fsd

EE 410 POWER ELECTRONICS

Name Reg. # Marks EXPERIMENT # 1

Half Wave Rectifier

Where: Vdc, Vav - the DC or average output voltage,

Instructor: Aashir Waleed, Lecturer Electrical Engg. Dept, UET Fsd

EE 410 POWER ELECTRONICS

Precautions: 1. Tools should be used carefully 2. Connection should be tight. Diagram:

Instructor: Aashir Waleed, Lecturer Electrical Engg. Dept, UET Fsd

EE 410 POWER ELECTRONICS

Vdc= 0.318Vpeak=________ FF=Vrms/Vdc=_________ Lab Exercise:

Instructor: Aashir Waleed, Lecturer Electrical Engg. Dept, UET Fsd

EE 410 POWER ELECTRONICS

Name Reg. # Marks

Full Wave Rectifier

Instructor: Aashir Waleed, Lecturer Electrical Engg. Dept, UET Fsd

EE 410 POWER ELECTRONICS

Precautions: 1. Tools should be used carefully 2. Connection should be tight. Diagram:

Vdc = 2 Vm/ = _______ = Pdc/Psc =__________ R.F = Vac/Vdc=________

Vrms = 0.707 Vpeak =

F.F = Vrms/Vdc = ___________ P.F = Pac/V.A =____________

Instructor: Aashir Waleed, Lecturer Electrical Engg. Dept, UET Fsd

EE 410 POWER ELECTRONICS

Instructor: Aashir Waleed, Lecturer Electrical Engg. Dept, UET Fsd

EE 410 POWER ELECTRONICS

Name Reg. # Marks EXPERIMENT # 3

EE 410 POWER ELECTRONICS

Precautions: 1. Tools should be used carefully 2. Connection should be tight. Diagram:

Fig B. Reverse Bias

Diode Voltage V (volts)

Diode Current I (mA)

Instructor: Aashir Waleed, Lecturer Electrical Engg. Dept, UET Fsd

EE 410 POWER ELECTRONICS

Result: Draw a graph between Vd and Id and append it with manual.

Lab Exercise: Task 3.1 Define cut-in voltage of PN junction Diode

List applications of PN junction diode

Give values of cut-in voltage of Germanium and Silicon

Instructor: Aashir Waleed, Lecturer Electrical Engg. Dept, UET Fsd

EE 410 POWER ELECTRONICS

Name Reg. # Marks

EE 410 POWER ELECTRONICS

EE 410 POWER ELECTRONICS

DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS Series pass Transistor 2N3055:

hfe=20-70 Iemax=15 amperes Vce=70V BC 170 Ie=2 mA hfe=125-500

ASSUMPTIONS VI=12.4 V =250 mA =2.5 mA =10mA 1 =28 2 =188

DESIGN = VL/2 = 12.4 / 2 = 6.2 V

EE 410 POWER ELECTRONICS

Load regulation Vi= ------------ (V) Sr. No. 1

EE 410 POWER ELECTRONICS

3. What will happen if potential divider was open circuited

4. What is the role of resistor R1in this circuit

5. What is the role of resistor R2in this circuit

Name Reg. # Marks

EE 410 POWER ELECTRONICS

Instructor: Aashir Waleed, Lecturer Electrical Engg. Dept, UET Fsd

EE 410 POWER ELECTRONICS

Instructor: Aashir Waleed, Lecturer Electrical Engg. Dept, UET Fsd

EE 410 POWER ELECTRONICS

Instructor: Aashir Waleed, Lecturer Electrical Engg. Dept, UET Fsd

Vdc= 0.318Vpeak= FF=Vrms/Vdc=_ Lab Exercise:

Vdc = 2 Vm/ = _ = Pdc/Psc = R.F = Vac/Vdc=____

F.F = Vrms/Vdc = _ P.F = Pac/V.A =__