Elise Cooper Ashley Martinez Topic: Scottsboro Nine Annotated Bibliography

Primary
Bates, Ruby. "Bates-Streetman." Letter to Earl Streetman. 5 Jan. 1932. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2013. Oct. 2013. http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/scottstreetman.html

Ruby Bates is admitting that she lied during the whole case, and that the nine Scottsboro boys are really innocent. She feels that she shouldn't be punished for her lying.

Brown vs. Board of Education. Digital image. Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2013. <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Educational_separation_in _the_US_prior_to_Brown_Map.svg/220pxEducational_separation_in_the_US_prior_to_Brown_Map.svg.png>.

This picture shows the educational segregation in America. It uses a key to show required and non-required states.

Courthouse Chair. Digital image. About.com Huntsville, AL. About.com, n.d. Web. 24 Oct. 2013. <http://huntsville.about.com/od/daytrip1/ig/Scottsboro-BoysMuseum/Courthouse-Chair.htm>.

This is a picture of a courthouse chair. This chair was used in the Scottsboro trial. Crewe, Sabrina, and Michael V. Uschan. The Scottsboro Case. Milwaukee, WI: Gareth Stevens Pub., 2005. Print.

D, Raymond. "Scottsboro Case Ends as 4 Go Free 2 More Get Prison." Editorial. New York Times 25 July 1937, IXXXVI ed.: n. pag. American Treasures of the Library of Congress. 27 July 2010. Web. 16 Oct. 2013 <http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/images/at0107.3.jpg>.

Evans, Hiram W. "The Ku Klux Klan Defends Americanism." Reading the American Past: Selected Historical Documents. By Michael P. Johnson. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2005. 151-55. Print.

Evans outlines who the Klu Klux Klan were and why. He explains the racial definition of Americanism and how the American life was under attack. He also

talks about the adaption Americans must go through.

Facing Down Racism. Digital image. Jamaica Gleaner Entertainment RSS. The Gleaner, 20 Oct. 2013. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://jamaicagleaner.com/gleaner/20131020/ent/>.

This is a picture of the nine Scottsboro boys having their photograph being taken in jail.

Gov. Signs Scottsboro Boys Legislation |. 1933. Photograph. Gov. Signs Scottsboro Legislation. Fox10, 19 Apr. 2013. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://www.fox10tv.com/onpolitix/alabama-onpolitix/gov-signs-scottsboroboys-legislation>.

This is a picture of seven of the nine defendants in "The Scottsboro case". They were leaving Morgan Country Jail for the courtroom November 22, 1933.

Harlem Crowd Learns Verdict. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/scottsboro/SB_HARLE.jpg>.

This is a crowd in Harlem, who is just learning of the Scottsboro trial verdict.

Henretta, James A. "Redefining American History." America's History. New York: Worth, 1993. 226-39. Print.

This selection gives redefining moments in American history. This also gives events that relate to The Scottsboro Trial and helps give us a better understanding of the case. We can get a general idea of what history was like before the Scottsboro case happened and how this affects the case later on.

Jim Crow. 1934. Photograph. Of African American History. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://www.africanamericancollection.com/jim_crow.htm>.

This is the African American newspaper that states that The Scottsboro Boys were falsely accused of raping two white women. It talks about the verdict and how they were tried.

Judge Horton Confers with Leibowitz. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/scottsboro/hortonconfers.jpg>.

This is a picture of Leibowitz having a conversation with Judge Horton.

Judge Horton and Dr.R.R. Bridges. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 20113. <http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/scottsboro/SB_H&B.jpg>.

This is a picture where Judge Horton is having a discussion with Dr. R.R. Bridges on the witness stand. Dr. R.R. Bridges was one of the key witnesses on the trial of the Scottsboro Boys.

KKK burning. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2013. <http://img.morgenpost.de/img/berlin/crop112009449/5578729731-ci3x2l-w620/KuKlux-Klan-in-Virginia-USA.jpg>.

The KKK is holding torches in a circle formation. Some are wearing their hoods and then others aren't.

KKK. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2013. <http://www.amarillospherenews.com/uploads/5/3/9/7/5397002/876704569_orig.jpg?403 >.

This is a picture of the KKK with what seems to look like the leader in the red

uniform. They are holding flags in the background.

Lanset, Andy. "Topics." NYPR Archives Preservation. WNYC, 1 Feb. 2013. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://www.wnyc.org/story/250323-scottsboro-civil-rights-milestone/>.

This has information about the civil rights movement. This talks about how the Scottsboro case impacts law and society. This shows the injustices these men we're put through.

Linder, Douglas O. "The Trials of "The Scottsboro Boys"" Scottboro Boys. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2013. <http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/scottsboro/SB_acct.html>.

A newspaper article, listing the events of the Scottsboro Trial in detail. Explains how the trial ended and the verdicts reached. This source was used for the purpose of simplicity and ease of user. The historic art, maps and easy-to-read text helped with our understanding of the events.

Litwack, Leon F. Trouble in Mind: Black Southerners in the Age of Jim Crow. New York: Knopf, 1998. Print.

This provides us with the account of life in Jim Crow South with first person narratives and contemporary documents.

Molly, Scott. "Scottsboro Defense." Scottsboro Defense. Daily Worker, 20 Oct. 1934. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6690/>.

This provides us with a summary of The Scottsboro Nine Trial. It also provides us with how the (NAACP) questioned the evidence and how it was prejudice.

Montgomery, Olen. "Olen Montgomery to Anna Damon." Letter to Anna Damon. 18 July 1936. Bates-Streetman. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2013. <http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/Ftrials/scottsboro/Montgomery-Damon.html>.

Olen Montgomery was begging Anna Damon for $5.00 for a woman to fulfill his needs. This shows how desperate they were. Re-tells the Scottsboro case in a third person point of view. Provides an accurate time line with key points mentioned. This also provides personal opinions on the case.

Mother of Great Depression. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2013. <http://www.forties.net/migrant_mother_1936__great_depression.jpg>.

This is a popular image from the Great Depression. It shows a mother and her children dirty. She has a hopeless expression on her face.

Ozzie Powell. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/scottsboro/SB_POWEL.jpg>.

This is a picture of Ozzie Powell in his jail cell lying on his prison bed. Ozziewas described as having a hard time in jail.

Norris, Clarence, and Sybil D. Washington. "Chronological Record of the Scottsboro Case." Last of the Scottsboro Boys: An Autobiography. New York: G.P Putnam's Sons, 1979. 249-55. Print.

This provides dates in chronological order tied in to the Scottsboro case. This provided us with accurate information and Clarence Norris's first hand point of view.

Ruby Bates Leading Parade. Digital image. Ruby Bates Leading Parade. Corbis Images, n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://www.corbisimages.com/stock-photo/rightsmanaged/U223572ACME/ruby-bates-leading-parade>.

This is a picture of Ruby Bates leading a parade away from the white house. Ruby Bates paraded for the freedom of the nine Scottsboro boys.

Scottboro Boys. N.d. Photograph. Scottboro Boys. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/scottsboro/sb_acct.html>.

Haywood Patterson and Samuel Leibowitz in a picture Samuel's lucky horseshoe. They were hoping for a good verdict.

Scottsboro Boys with National Guard. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2013. <http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/scottsboro/SB_SB1A.jpg>.

This is a picture of the nine Scottsboro boys with National guards behind them.

Samuel S. Leibowitz. N.d. Photograph. Library of Congress. 1933. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/98514956/>.

This photograph shows Samuel S. Leibowitz and the attorney for The Scottsboro case defendants. They were flanked by court appointed body guards.

"Scottsboro Case" Negro Paroled." "Scottsboro Case" Negro Paroled. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2013. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/94509133/>.

This is a picture of Clarence Norris,one of the men involved in the "Scottsboro

Case", walking through Kilby Prison in Montgomery, Alabama.

Scottsboro Defense. N.d. Photograph. History Matters. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6690/>.

This provides us with a picture of the newspaper Daily Worker with the title "All Out For Scottsboro March! Call Conference On Social Insurance"

Kinshasa, Kwando Mbiassi., and Clarence Norris. The Man from Scottsboro: Clarence Norris and the Infamous 1931 Alabama Rape Trial, in His Own Words. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1997. Print.

Clarence Norris is giving us a first hand account description of what actually happened. He provides testimonies and Q&A's.

Sorensen, Lita. The Scottsboro Boys Trial: A Primary Source Account. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 2004. Print.

It provides visual images along with descriptive captions and in depth context.

Stephens, Dr. "The Scottsboro Case - Exhibition." Library of Congress. N.p., 2 Apr. 1931. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://myloc.gov/exhibitions/naacp/greatdepression/exhibitobjects/scottsborocas e.aspx>.

This is a letter of Dr. P.A. Stephens a African American physician asking the NAACP for assistance with representing The Scottsboro boys.

Norris, Clarence. The Last of the Scottsboro Boys: An Autobiography. N.p.: n.p., 1979. Print.

Clarence gives you real life accounts on what happened since he was actually there and on trial.

"The First Days." PBS. PBS, 1999. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/scottsboro/filmmore/ps_wright.html>.

This is an interview of Roy Wright talking about his experiences on trial.

"Excerpts from Haywood Patterson's Second Trial." PBS. PBS, 1993. Web. 26 Sept. 2013. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/scottsboro/filmmore/ps_horton.html>.

This provided us with factual evidence from the case along with testimonies from the jury and witnesses, which helped us understand the case better.

Olen Montgomery- Mr. George." Bates-Streetman. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2013. <http://law2.umke.edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/scottsboro/Montgomery-George.html>.

This is letter from Olen Montgomery to Mr. George Chamblee stating his concerns about he is unable to support his mother since he is in jail. He also explains how there is going to be another trial since the first was seen as unfair.

Powell, Ozzie. "Ozzie Powell." [Ozzie Powell, Defendant in the Scottsboro Case. Library of Congress, 1936. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/98515003/>.

This is a picture of Ozzie Powell in the witness chair as a defendant for the case in the courthouse. This was taken in Decatur, Alabama.

"Treasure Chest." Judge James Horton, , Special Collection, SU Library. Samford University Library, n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. <http://library.samford.edu/about/sc/treasure/2011/scottsboro2.html>.

This website gives us a description of the Judge who was ruling during the trial. It talks about his personal life as well as his thoughts on the case.

"Google Images." Google Images. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. <http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=>.

Provides key points on a map during the Scottsboro trial.

"Scottsboro Boys' Trials." Scottsboro Boys' Trials. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2013. <http://www.sanmarcos.net/ana/Class/Eng2/Scottsboro10th.html>.

Provides a timeline and brief description of the people involved with the trial.

Krebs, Albin. "Clarence Norris, The Last Survivor of 'Scottsboro Boys', Dies at 76." The

New York Times. The New York Times, 26 Jan. 1989. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. <http://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/26/obituaries/clarence-norris-the-lastsurvivor-of-scottsboro-boys-dies-at-76.html>.

Clarence goes into depth about his time on the trial and how he felt to be accused of something he didn't do.

Bergmark, Christina. "The Scottsboro Boys Case." Socialist Worker Dec. 1985: n. pag. Daily News and Opinion from the Left. Socialist Worker, 22 June 2012. Web. 26 Sept. 2013. <http://socialistworker.org/2012/06/22/the-scottsboro-boys-case>.

This provides us with evidence from the trials and elaborates on specific details from the case.

Scottsboro Boys Sign. Digital image. Blogspot. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2013. <http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_KXE2z285fOc/SwSDlbS0fI/AAAAAAAABbI/J7rt_SJoAHY/s1600/Scottsboro+Boys+sign.jpg>.

Gives a description of the case on a sign in front of the courthouse that held the tail.

Scottsboro Boys Sentenced to Die. Digital image. Washington Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2013.

<http://depts.washington.edu/labhist/cpproject/images/history/680.jpg>.

The image is a newspaper article from 1933 telling how the Scottsboro boys were sentenced to death.

American Experience. "Ruby Bates to Earl Streetman." Letter to Earl Streetman. 1931. American Experience| Scottsboro. PBS, 1999. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/scottsboro/filmmore/ps_bates.html>.

Reveals evidence about the Scottsboro trial. Ruby Bates confesses that the Scottsboro Boys never touched her and that she made the whole thing up. She doesnt want to see the boys get hurt.

Hughes, Langston. "Langston Hughes on Scottsboro." Scottsboro (n.d.): n. pag. PBS. PBS, 1999. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/scottsboro/filmmore/ps_hughes.html>.

Langston Hughes writes a poem the Scottsboro trial and incorporates his feelings.

Wright, Roy. "Letter from Roy Wright." Letter to His Mother. 19 June 1931. "The Scottsboro Boys" Trial. Douglas O. Linder, 1999. Web. 26 Sept. 2013. <http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/scottsboro/RWrightMother.html>.

Roy Wright expresses his emotions to his mother and explains his needs. This source is a real life account of what he was going through and how he was treated unfairly.

"Jail Head Asks Troops Mob Seeks Negroes." Times Articles. New York Times, 25 Mar. 1931. Web. 26 Sept. 2013. <http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/scottsboro/SB_NYT31.html>.

A newspaper article from the New York Times presents a preview of the case to come.

"Condemned Negroes Riot in Alabama Jail." New York Times 11 Apr. 1931: n. pag. Print.

Explains how the Scottsboro boys were demeaning for special treatment while in jail.

"Darrow in Alabama to Aid Eight Negroes." New York Times 28 Dec. 1931: n. pag. Print. Describes how they are going to have another trial and how its going to go. Alabama for Scottsboro Boys Pardon. Digital image. AP. AP, n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2013. <http://bigstory.ap.org/article/more-work-ahead-ala-scottsboro-boys-pardons>.

The image shows Charlie Weems and Clarence Norris reading a news article about them being tried guilty.

Ruby Bates on the Witness Stand. Digital image. AP. AP, n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2013. <http://bigstory.ap.org/article/more-work-ahead-ala-scottsboro-boys-pardons>.

Ruby Bates is on the witness stand denying the accusations.

The nine Scottsboro Boys Play music before their trial. Digital image. AP. AP, n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2013. <http://bigstory.ap.org/article/more-work-ahead-ala-scottsboroboys-pardons>.

The nine Scottsboro boys play their instruments as they wait for their trial to begin. By playing music you can interpret that they might have a sense of hope.

Conviction Flyer. Digital image. Amistad Digital Resource. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2013. http://www.amistadresource.org/plantation_to_ghetto/the_scottsboro_trial.html

This image is a flyer proposing to protest the Scottsboro boy's convictions.

"Scottsboro Timeline." PBS. PBS, 1999. Web. 26 Sept. 2013. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/scottsboro/timeline/>.

Gives each date with a description of what happened during the case whether it was a conviction or a brief description of what happened.

Scottsboro boys with Lawyer. Digital image. Spartacus Educational. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2013. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAscotsboro.htm>.

The Scottsboro boys are in a picture with their lawyer Samuel Leibowitz. Samuel Leibowitz was the only one who would accept the case despite of money problems.

Elise Cooper Ashley Martinez Period 5

Annotated Bibliography

Secondary

Heavens Fall. Dir. Terry Green. Strata Productions, 2006. DVD. IMDb. IMDb.com, 20 July 2006. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. <http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0425094/>.

This documentary provided a visual portrayal, which brought the defense and

victims to life. It also provided perspective from both sides of the case. There were also personal opinions from others not involved with the case. The struggle to win the case was visible in this documentary.

Aretha, David. The Trial of the Scottsboro Boys. Greensboro, NC: Morgan Reynolds Pub., 2007. Print.

David Aretha brought the conflict of the nine African American boys to life by adding pictures and timelines of the events. We saw the struggle the boys went through and racial discrimination they went through.

Carter, Dan T. Scottsboro: A Tragedy of the American South. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1969. Print.

The author analyzes the events that took place in 1931 from a perspective of 35 years later. It questions how these events compare to the 21st century. It provides the differences between the two times.

Dorr, Lisa Lindquist. White Women, Rape, and the Power of Race in Virginia, 19001960. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 2004. Print.

This provides us with a revised account of what happened to related rape cases and it helps us to understand the different types of trials. We then understood the

similarity of the trials and how racism has been around for so long.

Weiner, Mark Stuart. "Black, White, and Red." Black Trials: Citizenship from the Beginnings of Slavery to the End of Caste. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004. 246-73. Print.

Mark Weiner adds trial commentary and opinions from the narrator in the point of view of the reader. Giving us an understanding of the perspectives of others on the case.

Chadwick, Bruce, and Austin Sarat. "The Scottsboro Boys: Black and White Justice." Infamous Trials. Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 1997. 55-61. Print.

Provided a brief summary of the trial from a third person point of view. Howard, Walter T. Black Communists Speak on Scottsboro. Philadelphia PA: Temple UP, 2008. Print.

Gives the perspective of the Scottsboro case from African-American communists. This provides Walter T. Howard's revising of The Scottsboro Case with detail and Comintern Archives (Communist International). It also includes Telegrams to the Supreme Court and open letters the boys sent to family members.

Biographies of the Scottsboro Boys." Biographies of the Scottsboro Boys. N.p., n.d. Web.

25 Nov. 2013. <http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/scottsboro/SB_bSBs.html>.

This source gives us summary of who the nine Scottsboro boys really were. It provides us with details such as their birthday, trial dates, and personal testimonies.

Chafe, William H. Remembering Jim Crow: African Americans Tell about Life in the Segregated South. New York: New, 2001. Print.

Chafe interprets life in the south, and the hardships of African Americans going through segregation.

Cox, Dolores. "'Scottsboro Boys': A 1931 Case of Legal Lynching Revisited." Workers World. Workers World, 14 Dec. 2012. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://www.workers.org/articles/2012/12/14/scottsboro-boys-a-1931-case-of-legallynching-revisited/>.

This revisits how the justice system works and how unfair they were. It also visits what happened in the civil rights movement and working towards equality. This impacted the case because the justice system is a main component in trials and convictions.

"Economy in The Great Depression." Shmoop: We Speak Student. Shmoop, 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. <http://www.shmoop.com/great-depression/economy.html>.

This includes facts and statistics of The Great Depression. It gives us a better understanding of the economic collapse America went through. This impacted the case because it showed the cultural and political impact.

Facilities, Toilet. "Jim Crows Laws." National Parks Service. National Parks Service, 17 Oct. 2013. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. <http://www.nps.gov/malu/forteachers/jim_crow_laws.htm>.

This provides an overview of what Jim Crow Laws actually were. It also gives lengthy examples of the laws set in place and what states had them. We then understand how the Jim Crow laws impacted the case.

Staff, Crimesider. "Scottsboro Boys Granted Posthumous Pardon in 1931 Ala. Rape Case." CBSNews. CBS Interactive, 21 Nov. 2013. Web. 22 Nov. 2013. <http://www.cbsnews.com/news/scottsboro-boys-get-posthumous-pardon-in1931-ala-rape-case/>.

This explains to us how the Scottsboro boys were granted a pardon. It shows us how even if its 80 years later things can still change. Although it took so long the government knew the conviction of the boys was not fair.

Henretta, James A. America's History. New York: Worth, 1993. Print.

This provides us with similar events to The Scottsboro Boys case. It also helps us to better understand the case and rights we hold as people in our nation.

Hine, Darlene Clark. The Path to Equality: From the Scottsboro Case 1931-1947. New York: Chelsea House, 1995. Print.

Gives a timeline of the events and milestones in African American history.

Goodman, James E. Stories of Scottsboro. New York: Pantheon, 1994. Print. James

Goodman introduces the feelings of the victims and of the accused. We then have a better understanding of the feeling of what the defendants were going through.

Acker, James R. Scottsboro and Its Legacy: The Cases That Challenged American Legal and Social Justice. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2008. Print.

James Acker brought a more fundamental approach to this topic. He emphasized social justice and the issue of racial recrimination.

Johnson, Michael P. Reading the American Past: Selected Historical Documents. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. Print.

This provides us with political and economic themes from the past. It provides perspective from notable leaders and ordinary people on how they read primary documents.

Norris, Clarence, and Sybil D. Washington. The Last of the Scottsboro Boys: An Autobiography. New York: Putnam, 1979. Print.

This provides us with accounts of the trials in which he endured and his observations throughout his lifetime. It shows his lifelong struggle for freedom.

"About: Scottsboro Boys." About: Scottsboro Boys. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://dbpedia.org/page/Scottsboro_Boys>.

This summarizes the case and how they dealt with racism. It provides a very brief summary with main points included.

"History." Scottsboro Boys Musem & Cultural Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Nov. 2013. <http://bama.ua.edu/~jaray4/history.html>.

This revisits the case and goes into detail with what happened the day the "crime" was committed. It also talks about the injustice the boys faced.

Kazek, Kelly. "Alabama Birmingham Huntsville Mobile Montgomery Tuscaloosa Anniston/Gadsden Beaches All Alabama." The Huntsville Times. Al.com, 19 Apr. 2013. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://blog.al.com/breaking/2013/04/the_black_and_white_of_the_sco.html>.

This compares The Scottsboro Trial with events today like black youth. It talks about the struggles that were overcome in time and how this relates to now.

"Rights Still Being Righted" Southern Spaces." "Rights Still Being Righted" Southern Spacies. Emory Libraries, 16 June 2011. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. <http://www.southernspaces.org/2011/rights-still-being-righted-scottsboroeighty-years-later>.

This website provides us with the current history of Scottsboro and how they advocate the trial.

"Who Were the Scottsboro Boys?" Curiosity. Discovery, n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2013. <http://curiosity.discovery.com/question/who-were-the-scottsboro-boys>.

Gives us a brief look into who the Scottsboro boys were and what happened before their life changed forever.

"The Scottsboro Trials." The Scottsboro Trials. N.p., 19 Oct. 2011. Web. 26 Sept. 2013. <http://www.slideshare.net/rollie14/the-scottsboro-trials>.

The resource is very helpful because it spreads all the information out in categories and explains each in detail.

"To Kill a Mockingbird." To Kill a Mockingbird: At a Glance. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Nov. 2013. <http://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/t/to-kill-a-mockingbird/to-killa-mockingbird-at-a-glance>.

To Kill a Mockingbird is believed to be closely related to the Scottsboro case which allows us to understand the cultural influence.

"Verdict Is Announced in Scottsboro Case." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2013. <http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/verdict-isannounced-in-scottsboro-case>.

The Supreme Court announces the decision of Powell vs. Alabama. The Scottsboro case

received a lot of attention for its unfairness and bias ways creating many legal problems.

Lewis, Femi. "Timeline of Scottsboro Boys." About.com African-American History. About.com, n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://afroamhistory.about.com/od/timelines/a/Timeline-Of-ScottsboroBoys.htm>.

This is a timeline summarizing what happened every day leading up to the trials and thereafter. It provides details of day-to-day events. Announces the verdict of the trial and reveals key and undisclosed facts about the case.

Linder, Douglas O. "The Trials of The Scottsboro Boys." The Trials of The Scottsboro Boys. N.p., 1999. Web. 26 Sept. 2013. <http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/FTrials/scottsboro/scottsb.htm>.

Gives an overview of the case by providing primary sources such as testimonies from the victims and defense.

Miller, James A. Remembering Scottsboro: The Legacy of an Infamous Trial. Princeton,

NJ: Princeton UP, 2009. Print.

This provides us with how the Communist Party and media shaped early images of the Scottsboro Case. It also shows how the case influenced others.

Muir, Rachel. "Probing the Notorious Scottsboro Trial." Probing the Notorious Scottsboro Trial. The George Washington Post, 8 May 2010. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://gwtoday.gwu.edu/probing-notorious-scottsboro-trial>.

This breaks down the case for us while giving us insight into the case. It tells us about how the case influenced the book "To Kill a Mockingbird".

Rosenthal, Andrew. "Exonerating the Scottsboro Nine." Editorial. New York Times n.d.: A18. New York Times. New York Times: Opinion Pages, 15 Feb. 2013. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/16/opinion/exonerating-thescottsboro-nine.html?_r=0>.

This provides an opinion on The Scottsboro Trial and exemplifies how racist the juries were. It also shows how unfairly they were treated throughout the trials.

Salters, Daren. "EOA Links." Encyclopedia of Alabama: Scottsboro Trials. N.p., 6 Feb. 2008. Web. 26 Sept. 2013. <http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1456>.

This website gave us a plot over view of this event, going step-by-step and giving explanations.

"Scottsboro Trial." Angel Fire, n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://www.angelfire.com/scary/maneyes/background/background.html>.

This summarizes what happened on the 25th of March in 1931and how the trials were handled. It also revisits how the boys were tried during the case.

Spears, Ellen. ""Rights Still Being Righted" Southern Spaces." "Rights Still Being Righted" University of Alabama, 16 June 2011. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://southernspaces.org/2011/rights-still-being-righted-scottsboro-eighty-years-later>.

This opens up new information of who was involved with the case. Aggie Kapelma helped figure out some of the information. Now they focus on the trials and how they were handled.

"The Scottsboro Trials." The Scottsboro Trials. One Book, n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. <http://www.onebookonesiouxland.org/pages/Scottsboro_2006.htm>.

Compared the Scottsboro Trial to the Tom Robinson trial showing a time line and gives us key points in the events of The Scottsboro Trials.

Watkins, Tom. "Posthumous Pardons." CNN. Cable News Network, 21 Nov. 2013. Web. 27 Nov. 2013. <http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/21/justice/alabama-scottsboropardons/>.

Eighty-two years later the last three remaining Scottsboro Boys are granted a pardon. Talks about how it was an unfair case and that it should have been dealt with differently.