SECTION B PAPER 2
Chapter 2:Forces and Motion
1. Diagram 9.1 represents a 50 cen coin and a leaf
falling in a vacuum container. The coin is heavier
than the leaf.
(a) Using Diagram 9.1 and the information given about
the weight of the two objects, compare the mass of
the coin and the leaf, the time taken to fall, the
positions of the coin and the leaf and finally, deduce
the physical quantity which causes the objects to fall.
[5 marks ]
(b) Diagram 9.2 shows a student trying to launch a water
rocket.
You are required to give some suggestions on how to
design a water rocket for a national competition. Using
the knowledge on forces, motion and properties of
materials, explain the suggestions based on the following
aspects:
(i) material used
(ii) shape of the rocket
(iii) angle of launching
(iv) volume of water in the rocket
(v) added structure for the motion of the rocket.
[10 marks]
(c) A stone which is released from a building falls down
in the air. During the fall, the stone experiences an
energy change.
(i) What is meant by energy? [1 mark]
(ii) Explain the energy changes in the stone. [4 marks]
2. (a) Spiderman find that when he jumped down from a
high building without bending his legs, a loud
sound is produced as shown in Diagram 9.1. But if
upon landing, he bends his legs, a soft sound is
produced as shown in Diagram 9.2.
(i) What is meant by momentum?
[1 mark]
(ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and 9.2, compare
the time for change of momentum for
Spiderman. Relate the time for change
momentum and the force acting on the
Spiderman, deduce a relevant physics
concept. [5 marks]
(iii) Name the physics quantity that explain
the two situations above. [1 mark]
(b) In two separate boxing ring, a kick-boxer
from Thailand fights without wearing boxing
gloves whereas a boxer from Malaysia with a
pair boxing gloves. Explain who will cause
more injury to their opponent if both boxers
punch with the same force. [3 marls]
(c) Diagram 9.3 shows a model of a school bus.
Explain the modification to the bus to help to
improve the safety the passengers and will be more
comfortable. Emphasise your explanation in the
following aspects:
(i) the shape of the bus body
(ii) safety features of the bus. [10 marks]
3. Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show a comparison
of two spring M and N. Both the spring are elastic
and made from the same wire and have the same
diameter. Each one of them is attached to a load of
equal weight.
(a) What is meant by elasticity of a material? [1
mark]
(b) Based on Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2;
1
(i) Compare the forces applied on the spring and the
extension of the springs. [3 marks]
(ii) Compare the spring constants of M and N. Hence
relate the spring constant to the natural length of the
spring. [2 marks]
(c) A spring produces an extension of 4 cm when a
stretching force of 1.2 N is applied to it. What is the
spring constant of the spring? [2 marks]
(d) Explain how the forces between the molecules cause
the elasticity. [4 marks]
(e) Diagram 9.3 shows a spring in the suspension system
of an ordinary motorcycle.
(i) What are the fuctions of the spring in the
suspension system?
(ii) Exlain the modification that needs to be done on
the spring to enable it to function as a racing
motorcycle. You should explain your suggestion, to
include following aspects:
- the characteristics of the material of the
spring
- the design of the spring
4. Diagram 9.1 and diagram 9.2 show two identical
trolleys moving up two inclined planes of different
angles and displacement.
(a) (i) What is meant by work done? [1 mark]
(ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the
angle of incline and displacement of the trolleys.
Relating the angle of incline and the displacement,
deduce the work done by each trolley. [5 marks]
(b) Read the following statements and determine
whether work is done or not.
(i) A student pushes a stool along the floor [2 marks]
(ii) A pen falls from a table to the ground [2 marks]
(c) Diagram 9.3 shows two electric drills A and B with
different efficiencies.

(i) Which drill is more efficient?. Give your reasons.
[4 marks]
(ii) Suggest modifications that need to be done to
increase the efficiency of the inefficient drill.
[6 marks]
5. Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show the distance
traveled by two trolleys of the same mass when pushed
with forces of magnitude F and 2F respectively. Both
trolley accelerate from rest for 2 s.
(a) (i) What is meant by acceleration? [1 mark]
(ii) With reference to Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2,
compare the time of travel for the trolleys, force
applied on the trolleys and the distance traveled by
the trolleys. Relate the magnitude of force with the
distance traveled to deduce the acceleration of the
trolleys.
(b) The trolley in Diagram 9.1 is then changed with a
trolley of bigger mass. Explain how is the
acceleration of the trolley related to its mass.
(c) It is important for a driver to increase the time interval
of collision.
(i) Using an appropriate physics concept, explain why
there is a need to increase the time interval of
collision. [2 marks]
(ii) Suggest the modification that need to be done on a
car to make it safe for drive. [8 marks]
6. Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show a child and an adult
each sit on similar swings.
(a)(i) Explain what is meant by inertia [1 mark]
(ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the
difficulties to move and stop them. Relating the
mass of the child and the adult to the difficulties to
move and stop them. Deduce a relevant
physics concept. [5 marks]
(b) Diagram 9.3 shows an archer pulling an arrow on
a bow and is ready to release the arrow from the bow
so that the arrow will hit the bullseye of the target.
For this purpose, he pointed the arrow a little bit
above the horizontal line while aiming at the target.
(i) What energy changes take place when
he releases the arrow?
(ii) Explain why the archer does not aim
directly at the bulleye of the target. [4
marks]
(c) When a car is involved in an accident and
brought to a stop abruptly, the inertia of the
driver causes him to be hurled forward suddenly
towards the steering wheel.
(i) What is the modification on the car that can
safe the driver life?
(ii) Explain how does the modification in c(i)
operate.
(iii) Name three examples of impulsive force.
[10 marks]
7. Diagram 10.1 shows two identical spherical
plasticine balls released from the same height.
Diagram 10.2 shows the state of the balls when they
hit the brick and the rubber. It was observed that the
plasticine stopped more quickly when it hits the
brick.
(a)(i) What is meant by potential energy? [1 mark]
(ii) Observe Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2,
compare the shape of the plasticine balls, the
surface of the rick and the rubber, before and
2
after the balls hit the surfaces. Based on the
shapes of the plastine balls and the surfaces,
deduce a physical concept which is involved in
this phenomenon. [5 marks]
(b) Explain the changes in energy that occur from
the moment the plasticine ball is released until
it reaches the position shown in Diagram 10.2
[4 marks]
(c) Name three safety features in a vehicle and explain
how it helps to reduce the fatal effect when the
vehicle is involved in a collision. [10 marks]
8. Diagram 8.1 shows a balloon being released from a
grip. Diagram 8.2 shows a cuttlefish moving forward
by released a big volume of black ink backwards.
Diagram 8.1 Diagram 8.2
(a) (i) What is meant by force ? [1mark]
(ii) Using diagram 8.1 and 8.2 compare the direction
of motion of the balloon and the cuttlefish. Relate
the direction of motion to deduce a relevant
physics concept. [5 mark]
(b)Using suitable examples, explain the ways utilize
impulse force. [4 mark]
(c) Figure .3 shows a car speeding on a road and Figure
9.4 shows the car crashed on an object. Due to lack of
safety features, the driver sustained serious injury.
Figure 8.3 Figure 8.4
The following are few facts concerning the car.
(i) The car stopped too suddenly upon hitting
the object.
(ii) The driver thrown out of the car, breaking
the glass of the windscreen.
(iii) Sharp pieces of glass from the shattered
windscreen cut the head of the driver.
(iv) The accident occurred at night. The driver
did not see the object until it was very near.
Based on the above facts, suggest various features to be
added to the car to improve its safety standard and
explain how each feature can reduce injury of the driver.
[10 marks]
CHAPTER 3:FORCES AND PRESSURE
1.(a) Diagram 9.1(a), Diagram 9.2(b) and
Diagram 9.2(c) show a rock hung on a
spring balance in air, immersed in water and
cooking oil respectively. The reading of the
spring balance for each situation is as
shown in Diagram 9.1.
RAJAH 9.1
(i) What is meant by weight?
[1 mark]
(ii) Using Diagram 9.1(a), Diagram 9.1(b) and
Diagram 9.1(c), compare the spring
balance reading, the weight lost of the
rock and the density of the water and the
cooking oil. Relating the weight lost and
the density, deduce a relevant physics
concept.
[4
marks]
(iii) Name the physics principle that explains
the above situations.
[1 mark]
(b) Diagram 9.2 shows a copper block and a
bowl shape copper sheet of same
mass.Explain why the copper block sink in
water but the bowl shape copper sheet
floats on water.
[4 marks]
(c) Diagram 9.3 shows a barge used to
transport goods from fresh water port to
the ship anchored away from the seaside.
(i) Explain what happens to the size of
bubble as it rises to the surface of the
water. [2 marks]
(ii) Explain how this change affects the
DIAGRAM 9.3 upward motion of the bubble.[2 marks]
Using suitable physics concepts, explain (d) Diagram 9.3 and Diagram 9.4 show the side
the required modification needed in view of two different models of a dam made
designing a from bricks and concrete.
barge that can carry more and heavier
goods, move faster and safe in fresh and
salt
water. You can emphasise on the following
aspects in your modification;
i. material used Water Water
ii. plimsoll line
iii. shape and size of the barge [10 Dam
Dam
marks]
2. Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show how water
spurts out from its container when the valve is DIAGRAM 9.3 DIAGRAM 9.4
opened.
Water (i) Which model is preferable? Explain your answer.
level [2 marks]
Water
Aras air level (ii) Suggest two uses of the water in the dam.
[2 marks]
(iii) Explain the modifications that need to be made to
the dam to enable it to store more water safely.
DIAGRAM 9.1 DIAGRAM 9.2
[6 marks]
When a liquid is held in a container, it exerts 3. (a) Figure 9.1, Figure 9.2 and Figure 9.3 show a
pressure on the container. fisherman pulling out of the river. In Figure 9.1, the
fisherman finds it easy to pull up the fishing net
(a) What is meant by pressure? [1 mark]
while most of his catch is in the water, due to the
(b) With reference to Diagram 9.1 and Diagram buoyant force. However as more and more of the
9.2, compare the depth of the water in both catch is out of the water it gets harder to pull up the
containers, the rate at which water spurts net as shown in Figure 9.2 and 9.3.
out and the distance travelled by the water
that spurts out.
Relate the distance travelled by the water
that spurts out to the depth of the water.
Hence make a conclusion regarding the
relationship between the pressure and the
depth of the water. [5 marks]
(c) A small bubble of air is released from the
bottom of a lake.
(i) What is buoyant force? [1 mark]
3
(ii) Using Figures 9.1, 9.2 and 9.3, compare the mass of
the catch as well as the volume of the catch while still
immersed in the water. Relating the amount of force
required to lift the catch, the weight of water
displaced and the buoyant force, deduce a relevant
physics concept. [5 marks]
(b) A hydrometer is used to measure the density of acid in
a car battery. Using a suitable physics principle,
explain how the hydrometer works.
[4 marks]
(c) The manager of a carnival near your home seeks your
advice on designing and handling a hot air balloon.
The balloon should be able to rise to about the height
of a five-storey building, carry up to three people and
can be brought down to the same spot after a certain
time. Explain your suggestion taking into account:
(i) the material and other equipment required
(ii) safety aspects
(iii) the best times in a day to launch the balloon
[10 marks]
4. (a) Diagram 10 shows liquid A and liquid B placed in
repective beakers. A joined glass rod is immersed in
both liquids.
(i) What causes the liquids to rise in the glass rod
tube? [1 mark]
(ii) With reference to Diagram 10.1, compare the
height of the liquids in the tube, the pressure
exerted by the liquids. Given the formula; P = ρ
gh. Relate the height of the liquids with the
physical quantity that affect the rise of the
liquids in the glass tube. [5 marks]
(b) Explain how a siphon works so transfer liquid from
one container to another. [4 marks]
(b) With reference to Diagram 10.2, suggest the
modification that needs to be done on the balloon
and the container to enable the balloon to float and
carry passenger for tourism purposes. In your
explanation, emphasise the following aspects on
how:
(i) to float the balloon
(ii) to carry passengers
DIAGRAM 9.3
(iii) to control the height of the balloon
Using suitable physics concepts, explain the
(iv) the safety of the passengers. [10
modification that needs to be done to the
marks]
i. size of the piston,
5. Diagram 9.1 show a hydraulic lift used to raise
ii. material of the body,
weight of 200 N and 800 N placed on the
iii. type of liquid used,
pistons Q and R respectively.The pressure
iv. handle and
exerted on piston P is 1000 N m-2. Cross sectional
v. ability to reset the piston position
area of piston Q and piston R is 0.2 m2 and 0.8 m2
easily
respectively.
of the hidraulic jack to enable it to lift mass of greater
quantity. [10 marks]
6. (a) Diagram 8.1 shows an object floating in liquid X
of density 1000 kg m-3. Diagram 8.2 shows the
same object floating in a liquid Y of density 1025
DIAGRAM 9.1 kg m-3.
(a) (i)What is meant by pressure? [1 mark]
(ii) With reference to Diagram 9.1, calculate the
pressure exerted by the liquid M on the
piston Q and piston R. Compare the
pressure exerted on the piston P, Q and (i) What is meant by density? [1 mark]
R..Relate the pressure exerted by piston P (ii) Using Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2, compare the
on the piston Q and R with the liquid M. levels of the objects in X and Y, the volume of
[5 marks] liquid displaced by the objects and the buoyant
(b) Diagram 9.2 shows the toothpaste flows out force on the object. Relating the mass of the
of it’s tube while squeezing at the bottom end. object, the volume of liquid displaced and the
density of liquid, deduce a relevant physics
concept. [5 marks]
(iii) Name the physics principle that the above
situation [1 mark]
(b) A submarine can sail on the sea surface and under
the sea. Explain how a submarine submerges from
DIAGRAM 9.2 the sea surface
Explain how the toothpaste flows out and name a (c) Diagram 8.3 shows the working principle of a
physics principle related to it. [4 marks] hydrometer. The depth to which the hydrometer
sinks in a liquid depends on the density of the
(c) Diagram 9.3 shows a hidraulic jack which can liquid.
lift up a maximum mass of 1 metric tonne.
4

Explain how you would design a hydrometer that can
determine a wide range of densities of liquid. Draw a
diagram that shows the design of your hydrometer and in
your explanation, emphasise the following aspects:
(i) the stability of the hydrometer
(ii) the sensitivity of the hydrometer
(iii) the ability to measure a wide range of densities
of liquids
(iv) the calibration of the hydrometer
[10 marks]
7. (a) Diagram 7.1 shows a metal block immersed in
water of density 100 kgm-3, labeled as experiment A.
Diagram 7.2 shows the same metal block immersed
in a salt solution of density 1100 kg m-3, labeled as
experiment B.
(i) What is meant by buoyant force?
[1 mark]
(ii) Using Diagram 7.1 and Diagram 7.2,
compare the volume and the mass of liquid
displaced. Relate the buoyant force in the
two experiments to determine the readings
of the spring balance.
[5 marks]
(b)(i) If the mass of water displaced in experiment A is
425 g, what is the buoyant force on the block in
experiment A?
(ii) State the principle used to find the answer in (b)(i)
(iii) Find the buoyant force on the block in experiment
B. [6 marks]
(c) Diagram 7.3 shows an experiment carried out by
putting a metre rule on a table and it was covered by
a sheet of newspaper. A student used his hand to push
the metre rule downwards.
The student found that it was very difficult to lift the
paper.
(i) Explain this observation
(ii) Suggest the modification that needs to
be done on the newspaper to enable the
newspaper to be easier to lift up.
8. (a) Diagram 9.1 shows a student holds a sheet of
paper in still air. Diagram 9.2 shows a hair
dryer is used to blow air across the upper
surface of the paper.
9. Johan wears two types of shoes for running on
(i) What is meant by Bernoulli’s principle? [1
mark]
(ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare
the speed of the air on the both sides of the
paper. Relating the speed of air with its pressure
to explain why the paper is lifted up when air is
blow towards the top of the paper in Diagram
9.2.
[4
marks]
(iii) Name the physics principle that explains the
above situation [1
mark]
(iv) Explain the function of Bunser butner. Draw a
suitable diagram to describe it. [4
marks]
(b) Diagram 9.3 shows a horizontal tube fixed with a
manometer and the manometer is filled with
water. Diagram 9.4 shows an air current is
passed through the same horizontal tube with a
constant velocity and the water lever in the two
arms of the manometer rises to different height.
5
(i) In diagram 9.3, explain why the mercury
levels in the two arms of the manometer
are at the same height.
(ii) In diagram 9.4, explain why the mercury
levels in the two arms of the manometer
are at different height.
[4 marks]
(c) You are a designer of airplanes. Explain how
you going to the wings of a plane. Explain how is
the design helps to produce a lifting force on the
airplanes. [5 marks]
different grounds. Figure 2.1 below shows the shoes
worn by Johan when he goes jogging along the
beach. He usually jogs without stopping for about 30
minutes. During his training session for the 400 m
track event on the stadium track, he wears spikes as
shown in Figure 2.2
Figure 2.2
Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2
(a) i. What is meant by pressure?
[1m]
ii. Observe Figure 2.1 and 2.2. Compare
the main features of the surface of the
shoes in contact with the ground,
condition of the ground and the time of
contact during their use. Relate the
functional use of the two types of shoes on
different ground surface to deduce a
relevant physics concept. [5m]
(b) A 5-storey building has a mass of 6.9 x
1010 kg and a ground surface area of 8 100
m2. Calculate in MPa , the pressure exerted
on the ground by the building.
( 1 MPa = 1.0 x 106 N m-2 ) [4m]
 (c) Recently , many organizations try to
promote their image by having roadshow at
different places. One important piece of
equipment they need is a large mobile
platform that can be assembled in a very
short time Using the appropriate physics
concepts, suggest and explain suitable
designs or ways to build a mobile platform
that can be assembled and used
i. on the field ii. in water
[10m]
CHAPTER 4: HEAT
1.(a) Diagram 9.1 and 9.2 shows two different situations
that happen in our daily life. Diagram 9.1 shows a
hand touching a hot kettle and Diagram 9.2 shows a
hand holding an ice. Both are having different
temperatures. The arrow in both diagrams indicates
the direction of heat flow.
(i) What is meant by temperature? [ 1 mark ]
(ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and 9,2, compare the temperature
of the objects, the effect of heat experienced by the
hands and the direction of heat flow. Relate the
direction of the heat flow to the difference in
temperature between objects which are in thermal
contact. [ 4 marks ]
(b) Diagram 9.3 shows the phenomenon of sea breeze
which occur during the day. Explain this
phenomenon. [ 5 marks ]
(c) Diagram 9.4 shows a desk lamp placed on a desk
used by a student. This type of lamp is not suitable
to be used as a study lamp.
Diagram 9.4
Explain the modifications that can be made to
improvise the desk lamp used by the student.
Emphasize your explanation in the following
aspects:
(i) comfort the person who will use the lamp.
(ii) to reduce the heat transfer for the desk lamp
(iii) the design of the lamp desk
(iv) safety features of the lamp
(v) the energy efficiency of the lamp
[ 10 marks ]
2.(a) Figures 9.1 and 9.2 show two types of metal
block of the same mass being heated using
similar heaters for 10 minutes. Both metal
blocks have the same initial temperatures of 30
oC. The specific heat capacity of copper is 387 J
kg-1 oC -1 and 900 J kg-1 oC -1 for aluminium.
FIGURE 9.1
FIGURE 9.2
(i) “The specific heat capacity of copper is
387 J kg-1 oC-1”?
What is meant by the statement above?
[1 mark ]
(ii) Using Figures 9.1 and 9.2, compare the increase
in temperature and the specific heat capacity of
the metals used. Relating the heat supplied, the
heat absorbed and the specific heat capacity of
the metals, deduce a relevant physics concept.
[5 marks ]
6
(iii) Name the physics principle that explains the above
situation. [1 mark ]
(b) A student standing near the beach could feel the cool
breeze from the sea on a hot day. Explain how the
cool breeze from the sea occurs.
[3 marks ]
(c) A parachutist intends to jump in the Artic region
where the temperature ranges from – 72oC to 0oC.
He needs to measure the daily temperature of the
region where he will be doing his jump by using a
liquid-in-glass thermometer.
(i) State two suitable characteristics for the liquid used
in the thermometer and explain your answer.
[4 marks ]
(ii) Explain three other important characteristics in
building the thermometer. [6 marks ]
Figure 9.1(a) Figure 9.2 (b)
3. (a) Figure 9.1(a) shows a boy pouring hot coffee into
a cup. The hand of the boy is not scalded by the
coffee droplets that are spattered from the kettle.
Figure 9.1.(b) shows hot coffee spilling over and
getting onto his hand and his hand gets scalded
because of the heat capacity in it.
i) What is meant by heat capacity? ( 1 mark )
ii) Using diagrams 9.1(a) and 9.1(b) , compare the
situations , when the coffee droplets spatters on his
hand and when the hot coffee from the kettle spills
onto his hand. State the relationship between the heat
capacity and the mass . ( 5 marks)
(b) Explain why water is normally used as a
cooling agent in a car engine. ( 4 marks)
(c) An aluminium pan of mass 500 g is heated
from 25° C to 105 º C . How
much heat is absorbed by the pan ?
( The specific heat capacity of almunium is
910 Jkg −1 °C −1 ) (4 marks)
(d) As a researcher, you wish to produce an ideal
cooking pan which saves gas for the purpose
of cooking. Using the appropriate physic
concepts, suggest and explain the
modifications required. (6 marks)
 4. Diagram 9.1 shows a student standing at the 5. Diagram 9.1 shows an ice cube melting when solar water-heating system. The
edge of a swimming pool with his right foot on heat is absorbed from the surrounding. Diagram modification should include the following
a tiled floor while his left foot reaches into the 9.2 shows a kettle of water boiling when heat is aspects:
water during the day time. His left foot feels absorbed from the fire. (i) pipes design
colder than his right foot. On the other hand , if (ii) material used
this action is repeated at night his left foot that is (iii) heat absorption
in the water with feel warmer than his right foot
which is on the tiled floor, as shown in Diagram [10 marks]
1.2. DIAGRAM 9.1
DIAGRAM 9.2

DIAGRA (a) What is meant by heat? [1

M 9.1 mark] 6.(a) Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show two mercury
(b) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, thermometers X and Y used to measure the boiling
DIAGRAM 9.2 compare the processes that take place point of pre water. The two thermometers have
(a) ( i) What is meant by heat? [1 mark] in both situations and the type of heat equal bulb volume but different capillary length.
(ii) Observe situation in diagram 9.1 and diagram needed for both processes to occur.
9.2. Compare the coldness of the floor tiles and Relate the processes with the type of
the coldness of the water in the swimming pool. heat needed to deduce a relevant
State the relationship between the heat content of physics concept. Name the physics
the floor tiles and the water in the concept involved. [5 marks]
swimming pool in both situations.
(b) Diagram 9.3 shows the car engine radiator. Explain why
is water used in the cooling system of the car ?
(c) (i) Your body sweats when you are
feeling hot. How does sweating helps
to cool down your body? [ 2 marks ] (i) Explain what is meant by the sensitivity of
(ii) Explain why a scald from steam is a measuring instrument? [1 mark]
more serious than the one from (ii) With reference to Diagram 6.1 and
boiling water? [ 2 marks ] Diagram 6.2, compare the temperature
(d) Diagram 9.3 shows a simple solar measured by the two thermometers, the
water–heating system. Energy from the length of mercury threads, the diameter of
Sun falls on the solar panel. Water is the capillary tube and the sensitivity of the
DIAGRAM 9.3 pumped around the system so that a thermometers. Relate the length of the
store of hot water is made available in mercury threads and the temperature
the tank. measured, make a deduction regarding the
(a) In the car factory , En Ahmad realized that the
sensitivity of the thermometer and the
engine always become overheated. Using a suitable
diameter of the capillary tube of the
physics concept, explain the required modification
thermometer. [5 marks]
needed to design an engine that can operate longer
(b) Using your knowledge of heat capacities to
and to prevent damage to the engine due to
explain phenomena sea breeze and land breeze.
overheating. You should use your knowledge of heat
[4 marks]
to explain these suggestions, include the following
(c) A housewife decides to cook a meat. She is
aspects:
DIAGRAM 9.3 given two pots, a aluminium cooking pot and a
(i) the design and structure of the radiator.
clay pot.
(ii) the characteristic of cooling material.
(i) Explain which pot is more suitable to be used
(ii) the suitable of boiling point. [10 marks] Using suitable physics concepts, if the housewife want to keep the food at a
explain the required modification high temperature for a long time
needed in designing an efficient (ii) Give twp advantages of pot in (c)(i).
7
 [10 marks]
7.(a) Diagram 7.1 and Diagram 7.2 show a block of
copper and a block of aluminium of equal mass
heated by identical immersion heater of 50 W
each.
-1 o
Specific heat capacity of copper = 387 Jkg C -1
Specific heat capacity of aluminium = 900 Jkg-1 oC-1
The temperature-time graphs for the two experiments
are shown in Diagram 7.3 and Diagram 7.4
respectively.
specific heat capacity ?
(i) What is meant by specific heat capacity of a
substance? [1 mark]
(ii) With reference to Diagram 7.3 and Diagram
7.4, compare the mass, the change
temperature and the energy absorbed by the
objects. Relate the energies supplied to the
objects, the masses of the objects and the
change of temperature of the objects, deduce
a relationship between the specific heat
capacity and the change of temperature of
the objects. [5 marks]
(iii) Find the mass of copper used in the
experiment. [4 marks]
(b) You are given some materials to make a cooking pot.
The materials are copper, wood and aluminium. Using the
materials to explain how you are going to make the
simple cooking pot.
[10
marks]
8. Figure 9.1 and Figure 9.2 show two test tubes
containing same mass of water and iron powder
respectively. The water and the iron powder
have different specific heat capacity, and they
are heated at the same rate.
Figure 9.1 Figure 9.2
Temperature of water = 35oC
Temperature of iron powder = 85oC
Specific heat Capacity of water = 4200 Jkg-1oC-1
capacity Specific Heat of iron powder = 460 Jkg-1oC-1
(b) Based on Figure 9.1 and Figure 9.2,
compare the temperature and specific
heat capacity of water and iron powder.
Relate the change in temperature and the
specific heat capacity to come up with a
conclusion of the physics concept
involved. [5]
(c) When a few drops of ether is dropped on
a student’s hand, his hand felt cool.
Explain how this happen . [4]
Figure 9.3
Figure 9.3 shows a food container used for keeping
the food warm. Using the appropriate physics
concepts, explain the modifications to a food
container so that
(i) it is able to maintain the
temperature of food for a longer
time
8
(ii) it can be moved from one place to
another [10]
CHAPTER 5:LIGHT
1.(a). Diagram 9.1 shows a ray of light
directed perpendicularly at a side of the
semi circular glass block. The ray passes
through the glass block to a point O
before leaving the glass block. The angle
of incidence in the glass block is 30°.
Diagram 9.1
(i) What is meant by angle of incidence?
(ii) Explain how total internal reflection
occurs in
Diagram 9.1 above? [4
marks]
(b) Diagram 9.2 and Diagram 9.3 show two
rectangular glass blocks with different
optical density and refractive index. Ray
of light is directed toward the glass
blocks with the same angle of incidence
30°.
Density = 2600 kgm-3 Density = 2670 kgm-3
Diagram 9.2 Diagram 9.3
Based on Diagram 9.2 and Diagram 9.3,
(i) compare the densities of the glass blocks.
(ii) compare the refractive index of the glass
blocks
(iii) compare the angle of refraction of the
glass blocks
(iv) relate the angle of refraction, r and the
density of the glass blocks.
(v) relate the angle of refraction, r and the
refractive index of the glass blocks
[5 marks]
(c) Diagram 9. 4 shows a fibre optic.
You are required to give suggestions to design
a fibre optics which can works
efficiently. Using your knowledge on light, and
the properties of material, explain
the suggestion based on the following
aspects;
(i) the refractive index of outer and inner layer
(ii) flexibility
(iii) strength
(iv) thickness
(v) density of the glass
2.A slide projector is used to view an image from a slide.
The power of the lens used by the projector slide is +
5D.
(a) What is meant by power of lens?. [ 1 mark ]
(b) A student used a slide projector to view the image
from the slide. When the slide is place nearer to the
lens the sharp image form on the screen as shown in
Diagram 9.1.
When the slide is place further from the lens the sharp
image form on the screen as shown in
Based on Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the
object distance, the image distance and size of image that
formed on the screen. Relate the object distance to the
image distance and the object distance to the size of
image that formed on the screen. [5 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, relate the refractive index with
marks ] critical angle. [5 marks]
(b) (i) State two conditions under which light ray would
undergo total internal reflection. [2 marks]
(ii) Diagram 9.3 shows a light ray is incident on a piece
of Crown Glass of critical angle 42°.Draw the light
ray to show how a ray emerging from the Crown
Glass
Diagram 9.4
(c) While driving a car on a hot day, you may see a
mirage on the road. Explain how mirage occurred.
[ 4 marks ]
(d) Diagram 9.5 shows a simple astronomical
telescope.
(c) Diagram 9.4 shows the structure of an optical fibre
used in telecommunications.
Diagram 9.5
By using two prism and a telescope in Diagram 9.5,
suggest modification that can be done to make a
binocular.
In your explanation,
(i) draw the arrangement of the prisms and lenses
Optical fibres are made of fine strands of glass. Each
(ii) draw ray diagram to explain how the image
single glass fibre (inner core) is coated with a thin layer
form
of another type of glass (outer cladding).You are
(iii) state two advantages using binocular compared
required to give some suggestions in designing an
to telescope when observing far object on the
optical fibre which can carry more information.
ground.
Explain your suggestions base on the following aspects:
[ 10 marks ]
(i) refractive index of the inner and outer glass
(ii) the properties of material used for optical fibre
(iii) the thickness of the glass [10 marks]
3.(a) Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show a
transparent block made of a material with a
different refractive index. A light ray travel in 4. Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 show light rays from
both blocks with the same incident angle, i. two identical objects passing through a convex
lens.Both situations produce real images. F is the focal
point for the convex lens
(i) What is meant by a refractive index? [1 mark]
(ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare
the refractive index, refraction angle and critical
angle between the two blocks. Base on Diagram
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 DIAGRAM 9.3

(i) State the function of the eyepiece. [1 mark]

(ii) State the characteristics of the image formed by a
microscope. [3 marks]
(c) You are given two convex lenses S and Q of
different focal length. Lens S has a longer focal
length than lens Q.
DIAGRAM 9.1 (i) Using the two lenses above explain how are
you would make a simple astronomical
telescope. [4 marks]
(ii) Suggest modification that need to be done
on the telescope to produce clearer and
bigger images. [6 marks]

6.Diagram 9.1 and 9.2 show light rays passing through a

(a) (i) What is meant by real image? [1 mark]
(i) Based on Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2, compare
the object distance, the image distance and the size of
image. Relate the size of the image with the image
distance to make a deduction regarding the
relationship between the object distance and the size
of the image. [5 marks]
(b) Describe how you estimate the focal length of
a convex lens. [4 marks]
(c) You are given two convex lenses, R and S, with focal
lengths of 40 cm and 10 cm respectively. Both the
lenses are used to build a compound microscope.
(i) Using the two lenses, explain how you would build a
compound microscope. [6 marks]
(ii) Suggest a suitable optical device to modify the
microscope you built in (c)(i) to produce brighter
image.
(c)(i) supaya menghasilkan imej yang lebih jelas.
[2 marks]
(iii) Suggest and explain a method to produce a bigger
image in the compound microscope.
[2 marks]
5.Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show the parallel rays of
light directed towards the convex lenses J and K. Both
the lenses produce real images. F is the focal point for
each lens.
DIAGRAM 9.2
(a) (i) What is meant by focal length? [1
mark]
(ii) With reference to Diagram 9.1 and Diagram
9.2, compare the thickness of the lenses and
the effects it has on the refracted rays to
make a deduction regarding the relationship
between the thickness of the lenses and
their focal length.
[5
marks]
(b) Diagram 9.3 shows the ray diagram of a
simple microscope.
Fe : Focal point of eyepiece.
Fo : Focal point of objective lens.
convex and a concave lenses.
(a)(i) Define reflective index of a medium [1 mark]
(ii) With reference to Diagram 9.1 and 9.2, compare
the light ray before and after passing through both
lenses. And then deduce a physics concept. [5 marks]
(b) Explain why a fish in a pond able to see objects
around although there are obstacles. [4 marks]
(c) You are given two right angles prisms to build a
periscope
(i) Explain how you are going to build a periscope.
[6 marks]
(ii) Suggest modification to be made to convert the
periscope to binoculars [4 marks]
7. Figure 9(a) shows a submarine which uses a periscope
to see objects above the water surface.

10

On a hot and sunny day, a driver sees a pool of water on
the road in front of him. The position of driver and the
pool of water are as shown in Figure 9(b).
(a)(i) Explain the meaning of refractive index [1 mark]
(ii) Based on your observations in the above figures,
state the common characteristics. Relate the above
common characteristics to deduce a relevant
physics concept. [5 marks]
(b) Which mirror is used as the rear mirror of vehicles?
Explain your answer. [3 marks]
(c) Figure 9(c) below shows a spear which was thrown by
a fisherman towards a fish in a pool.
(i) Given that the spear did not hit the fish,
explain the observation.
[3 marks]
(ii) Draw a ray diagram to show how the image
of the fish is formed.
[2 marks]
(iii) Suggest a way which can be used by the
fisherman so that the spear hit the target.
[1
mark]
(d) Figure 9(d) shows a man who is standing in a
swimming pool.
(i) State your observation on the length of
his feet and explain your observation.
[3 marks]
(ii) The depth of water is 0.4 m. calculate
the distance of the image of the foot at
point P from the surface of the water.
[Refractive index of water = 1.33]
8. Figure 4 shows two ways of making a fire
Figure 4
(a) i. What are the energy changes
involved?
[1
m]
ii. Based on your observations of the
first and second situations, describe the
characteristics that differ in the
situations. Then correlate the
characteristics to develop a physics
concept [5m]
(b) At the beginning of the century, a
scientist by the name of Archimedes
11
successfully drove off enemy ships with
the help of women and children using only
mirrors. How did the women and children
help Archimedes? [4m]
(c) Periscope using prisms are better than
those using mirrors
i. How does the prismatic periscope
function? [4m]
ii. How can a prismatic periscope be
modified to see distant object
[6m]
9.(a) Diagram 7.1 shows the parallel rays of light
directed towards the concave mirrors P and Q. In
each diagram, C is the centre of curvature, CM is
the radius of curvature of the mirror and F is the
focal point of the lens.
(a) What is meant by centre of curvature? [1 mark]
(b) Using Diagram 7.1 and Diagram 7.2, compare the
curvature of mirrors P and Q and the effects on
reflected rays. State the relationship between the
curvature of the mirrors and their focal lengths.
[5 marks]
(c) Diagram 7.3 shows a girl standing in front of a
concave mirror. The image formed in the mirror is
virtual image and bigger than original size.
Explain what happens to the image if
(i) the girl moves backwards 2 m (the focal
length is 0.8 m)
(ii) the concave mirror replaced with convex
mirror
 You may use the diagram to illustrate your answers.
[4 marks]

(d) You are given two pieces of plane mirrors measuring 4

cm x 5 cm and a long cardboard tube to make a periscope.
(i) Using the plane mirrors and other materials, describe
how you would make the periscope.
(ii) Explain why the images observed through the
periscope using plane mirrors are not very clear.
(iii) Suggest modification that can be made to the
periscope to produce clearer and bigger images.
[10 marks]

12