What is processing of Natural gas?

mechanism through which contaminants are removed and components of interest (VAP) are recovered. Why processing is required? Required to make the gas compatible with the requirements of pipe line transportation as well as conforming to the specifications of end user.
Oil and Condensate Removal Water Removal Separation of Natural Gas Liquids Sulfur and Carbon Dioxide Removal

Raw natural gas comes from three types of wells: oil well(associated gas'.)s, gas wells, and condensate wells.( non associated gas'.)

principally ethane, propane, butane, and pentanes. In addition, raw natural gas contains water vapor, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide, helium, nitrogen, and other compounds. Natural gas processing consists of separating all of the various hydrocarbons and fluids from the pure natural gas, to produce what is known as 'pipeline quality' dry natural gas.

USES fuel for residential domestic major source for electricity generation to produce hydrogen major feedstock for the production of ammonia, via the Haber process, for use in fertilizer production.manufacture of fabrics, glass, steel, plastics, paint, and other products like Heavy water. CNG (compressed natural gas) is natural gas compressed to high pressures at ambient temperatures. LNG (Liquefied natural gas) is natural gas liquefied at -161 OC at atmospheric pressure which contains mainly methane, ethane and propane and minor C4. It does not contain CO2 (<1 ppm). OngcONGC has LPG extraction plants at Ankleswar, Gandhar and Hazira in Gujarat, Uran in Maharashtra Asias largest sour gas treatment plant of ONGC at Hazira is a massive stateofart technology plant where around 45 million M3/ day sour gas and 9,000 M3/day sour (gas) condensate are processed to remove H2S and extract C3, LPG, ARN, Kerosene/ATF, and HSD. ONGCs first gas process plant at Uran produces C2, C3, LPG and ARN. ONGC has also mini refinery plants at Tatipaka in Andhra Pradesh and Karaikal in Tamil Nadu which produces ARN, Kerosene and HSD ONGC constructed a C2 and C3 extraction plant at Dahej which uses LNG as feed stock using Lindes process in which advantage is taken of the cryogenic temperature of LNG (~160OC) in receipt

OVERALL NATURAL GAS PROCESSING DESCRIPTION (with reference to HAZIRA)

process about 42 MMSCMD of sour gas and associated condensate set up under Phase-I, II, III and III A. The processing facilities at Hazira consist of Gas Sweetening, Dehydration, Dew Point Depression, Sulphur Recovery, and Condensate Fractionation Units. The complex has an LPG recovery unit to process 5.3 MMSCMD of Sweetened Gas. The lean Gas from the LPG unit is supplied to IPCL Dahej for C2-C3 extraction. The remaining Gas of about approx. 35 MMSCMD

is supplied to GAIL through the HBJ pipeline The gas after C2-C3 extraction is routed back to Hazira for supply to Local Consumers viz, KRIBHCO, ESSAR, GGCL,RIL etc. Various abbreviations used in the text are GSU- Gas sweetening Unit CFU- Condensate Fractionation Unit GDU- Gas Dehydration Unit DPD- Dew Point Depression Unit Haziramaintain down stream pressures at a preset value (normally set at 50-60 Kg/Cm2) water, oil, and NGL removalThe two-phase flow is received in the Slug Catcher, where the gas and condensate streams are separated. The gas is filtered, metered and sent to the GSU plants for further processing. Sulfur and Carbon dioxide removal.. 2.0 GAS SWEETENING UNIT This natural gas, because of the rotten smell provided by its sulfur content(due to H2S), is commonly called 'sour gas. Sour gas is undesirable extremely harmful, even lethal, to breathe extremely corrosive. sulfur that exists in natural gas stream can be extracted and marketed on its own.

the gas is usually considered sour if the hydrogen sulfide content exceeds 5.7 milligrams of H2S(5.7 ppm) per cubic meter of natural gas. The process for removing hydrogen sulfide from sour gas is commonly referred to as 'sweetening' the gas. H2S reacts to give amine hydrosulfide: H2S + R2NH ------HS - , R2NH2 CO2 can react directly with amine to form an amine carbonate: CO2 + 2R2NH ------R2NCOO- , R2NH2

CO2 + H2O <------H2CO3 CO2 + HO- <-------------HCO3 These acids then react with the amine to form amine bicarbonate (HCO3,RNH2+) and amine carbonate (CO2, (R2NH2+)2).

ProcessAmine solutions(methyl diethanol amine, 480 gm/litre)) are used to remove the hydrogen sulphide by amine absorption process.

PROCESS OBJECTIVES: To reduce the H2S content of sour gas (received from offshore & CFU off-gas) to 5 ppmv (max) (Acceptable level of H2S for pipeline transportation by M/s. GAlL) & 329 at the same time, to limit the CO2 Co-absorption to the minimum required and in any case, to not more than 32%.

3.0 GAS DEHYDRATION UNIT(GDU)The removal of water from sweet gas is made by contacting the gas with a triethylene glycol(TEG) solution. Due to their hygroscopicity, glycols are widely used for this purpose. The hygroscopicity is directly related to the solution concentration. So water vapor will be absorbed by a glycol solution as long as the partial pressure of the water in the vapor phase exceeds the water vapor pressure of the solution.. the molecular compatibility of the couple solvent-solute plays an important role. So the greater the molecular attraction between solvent and solute, the lower the vapor pressure of the water. In liquid state, water is highly associated through hydrogen bonds. the required specification is 85kg of water/million Nm3 of gas. DEW POINT DEPRESSION UNIT(DPD) Objective- to lowering the gas temperature well below the minimum temperature which the gas may attain in the HBJ pipeline.expected 11*C