Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 1 chng 1 L thuyt chung v mng truyn thng trong cng nghip 1. Tng quan chung 1.1. Gii thiu v mng truyn thng trong cng nghip Do c th ca cc ngnh cng nghip m to ra nhiu loi mng truyn thng khc nhau. Mt khc mng truyn thng trong cng nghip cng c nhng c th ring, c th phn bit chng vi mng thng tin qung i thng qua mt s kha cnh sau: - Phm vi hot ng - Yu cu v tin cy khi truyn u im ca s dng mng truyn thng trong cng nghip: - Thay th c hon ton cc h thng truyn c nh: 0-20mA, 0-10V... - Cho php lm vic vi cc sn phm ca nhiu nh sn xut khc nhau. - L h thng m, ng thi cho php hiu chnh iu khin t phng iu khin trung tm - H thng hot ng vi tin cy cao hn - mm do gn nh khng c gii hn. - Gi thnh thp. - Lng thng tin truyn ti ln
1.2. M hnh phn cp trong mng truyn thng cng nghip c ci nhn tng th v mng truyn thng trong cng nghip, hy xem m hnh phn cp thy cc c trng, cng nh chc nng nhim v ca ca tng cp. Chng 1. Ly thuyt chung v mang truyn thng trong cng nghip Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 2
Cp hin trng: y l cp nm ti hin trng v tt nhin cp ny nm st vi dy chuyn sn xut nht. Cc thit b chnh trong cp ny l sensor v c cu chp hnh, chng c th c ni mng trc tip hoc thng qua ng Bus ni vi cp trn (cp iu khin). H thng Bus dng kt ni cc thit b cp hin trng vi cp iu khin gi l Bus trng (fieldbus), trong thc t h thng Bus ny i hi cn c p ng thi gian thc trong cc cuc trao i thng tin, mt c trng ca cc cuc trao i tin trong cp trng l cc bn tin thng c chiu di khng ln Cc sensor v c cu chp hnh c ni trn ng Bus c th l cc thit b thng minh hoc cng c th l cc thit b thng thng c x dng thm cc b chuyn i giao thc tng thch. in hnh ca Bus trng l: Profibus-DP, Profibus-PA, Can, Foundation Fielbus, DeviceNet.
PC PC PC PC PC HIS HIS EWS FCS FCS FCS FCS S S A S A PC - Personal Computer HIS -Human Interface Station FCS - Field Control Station S - Sensor A - Actuator Fieldbus System bus Ethernet Fast Ethernet Qun l kinh t Qun l k thut iu khin v gim st Hin iu khin Hnh 1.1 M hnh phn cp cc h thng mng trong cng nghip Hin trng Chng 1. Ly thuyt chung v mang truyn thng trong cng nghip Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 3 Cp iu khin: Cp ny bao gm cc trm iu khin hin trng (FCS), cc b iu khin logic lp trnh (PLC), cc thit b quan st .. . Chc nng thu thp cc tn hiu t hin trng, thc hin iu khin c s, iu khin logic, tng hp d liu ... Cc thit b cp ny c kt ni vi nhau v kt ni vi cc thit b cp trn (cp iu khin gim st) thng qua Bus h thng, thc t cc bn tin trao i trn Bus h thng cng i hi tn nng thi gian thc cao, mt khc c th ca cc bn tin l chiu di ln hn nhiu so vi cc bn tin trao i trn Bus trng in hnh ca Bus h thng l: Profibus-FMS, ControlNet, Industrial Ethernet. Cp iu khin gim st: Cc thit b trong cp ny bao gm cc trm giao tip ngi my HIS, cc trm thit k k thut EWS, v cc thit b ph tr khc. Chc nng ca cp ny l thc hin iu khin qu trnh (Process Control), thc hin cc thut ton iu khin ti u... Vic kt ni cc thit b cp ny vi cc thit b cp trn (cp qun l k thut) c thc hin thng qua mng Ethernet, thc cht y l mt mng cc b LAN, vi tnh nng trao i thng tin khng nht thit trong thi gian thc, Cp qun l k thut v cp qun l kinh t: Thc cht cc cp ny rt quan trng i vi cc hot ng ca cng ty, tuy nhin yu cu v tc trao i thng tin cng nh i hi v thi gian thc l khng cao, chc nng ca cc cp ny l qun l tnh trng hot ng ca cc thit b trong ton h thng cng nh hoch nh chin lc pht trin sn xut da trn tnh trng ca thit b . Mt s giao thc dng trong cc h thng mng ny l Fast Ethernet, TCP/IP
2. C s thc hin mng truyn thng trong cng nghip 2.1. M hnh tham chiu OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) - 1983 t chc tiu chun ho quc t ISO (International Standards Organization) a ra 1 kin trc giao thc vi chun ISO 7498 c gi l m hnh tham chiu OSI, nhm h tr vic xy dng cc h thng truyn thng c kh nng giao tip vi nhau. Chng 1. Ly thuyt chung v mang truyn thng trong cng nghip Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 4 - Chun ny khng a ra quy nh no v cu trc mt bn tin, v cng khng nh ngha mt chun dch v c th no. OSI ch l mt m hnh kin trc phn lp vi mc ch phc v vic xp xp v i chiu cc h thng truyn thng c sn, trong bao gm vic so snh i chiu cc giao thc v dch v truyn thng, cng nh lm c s cho pht trin h thng.
Lp vt l (Physical Layer) Lp ny c nh ngha l s kt ni vt l gia PC v mng nh sau: - Theo cu trc mng - Theo cc chun truyn dn: p hoc dng - Theo phng thc m ho tn hiu - Theo giao din c hc (cp hoc gic cm) Lp lin kt d liu (Data Link Layer) Lp ny c nh ngha nh sau: - Protocol ph hp vi vic truy cp mng theo cc bn tin nhn v gi. - Chia cc khi d liu ln thnh cc khung nh dng d liu. C hai lp ny c gi l lp phn cng, trong mng cc b lp ny c chia lm 2 lp con: lp iu khin truy nhp mi trng ( MAC Media Access Control) v lp iu khin lin kt logic (LLC Logical Link Control). Trong mt s h thng lp ny c th m nhim thm chc nng nh kim sot lu thng v ng b ho vic chuyn giao cc khung d liu. A Protocol N D P Mi trng truyn dn Immediate data Communication network Hnh 1.2. Cu trc m hnh tham chiu OSI
Lp ng dng Lp biu din d liu Lp kim sot ni Lp vn chuyn Lp lin kt d liu Lp vt l Lp mng
Lp ng dng Lp biu din d liu Lp kim sot ni Lp vn chuyn Lp lin kt d liu Lp vt l Lp mng Chng 1. Ly thuyt chung v mang truyn thng trong cng nghip Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 5 Lp mng (Network Layer) Lp ny c nh ngha nh sau: - Truyn thng tin ti u trn mng. - iu khin cc thng ip trng thi gi chng ti cc thit b khc trong mng. Lp vn chuyn (Transport Layer) Lp ny c nh ngha nh sau: - Qun l a ch ca thit b trn mng - nh v cc i tc truyn thng thng qua a ch. - ng b ho gia cc i tc. - X l li v kim sot dng thng tin. Lp kim sot ni (Session Layer) Chc nng ca lp ny l kim sot mi lin kt truyn thng gia cc chng trnh ng dng, bao gm vic to lp, qun l v kt thc cc ng ni gia cc ng dng ca i tc. Lp biu din d liu (Presentation Layer) Chc nng ca lp ny l chuyn i cc dng biu din d liu khc nhau v c php thnh dng chun, cc i tc truyn thng khc nhau c th giao tip vi nhau. Lp ng dng (Application Layer) C chc nng cung cp cc dch v cao cp (da trn c s cc giao thc cao cp) cho ngi s dng v cc chng trnh ng dng. Cc dch v lp ny ch yu c thc hin bng phn mm.
2.2. Cu trc mng (Topology) Trc khi trnh by v cu trc mng hy xem xt khi nim lin kt Lin kt: L mi lin h vt l hoc logic gia hai hay nhiu i tc truyn thng. Vi lin kt vt l cc i tc l cc trm truyn thng c lin kt vi nhau qua mt mi trng vt l. Lin kt logic v th hiu nh sau: i tc truyn thng khng nht thit phi l mt thit b phn cng m c th l mt chng trnh h thng hay mt chng trnh ng dng trn mt trm nn quan h gia cc i tc ny ch c tnh logic. Tng ng vi mt i tc vt l thng c nhiu i tc logic v tt nhin nhiu mi lin kt logic c xy dng trn c s mt mi lin lt vt l. Cc loi lin kt: Chng 1. Ly thuyt chung v mang truyn thng trong cng nghip Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 6 - Lin kt im - im (Point to Point) : Mi lin kt ny ch c 2 i tc thm gia, v mt vt l hai tm c ni vi nhau bi mt ng truyn. thc hin mt mng truyn tin da trn lin kt ny s l tp hp ca nhiu ng dy c lp. - Lin kt im nhiu im (multi drop): Nhiu trm c ni chung vi mt trm ch (master). Nh vy cc i tc s c ni chung vo mt ng dy - Lin kt nhiu im nhiu im (multi point): nhiu i tc tham gia v thng tin c trao i theo nhiu hng. Cng tng t lin kt im nhiu im vi lin kt ny cc i tc cng c ni trn cng mt ng dy. nh ngha: Cu trc mng l tng hp ca cc mi lin kt. Cu trc mng cng hiu l cch sp xp, t chc v mt vt l ca mng nhng cng hiu l cch sp xp logic ca cc nt mng. Cc loi cu trc mng: + Topology y :
Vi cu trc y ny th s giao tip gia cc trm l nhanh, mt i tc b s c s khng nh hng ti cc i tc cn li nhng cu trc ny gi thnh cao do tn km dy dn + Topology hnh sao:
B
C A E D Hnh 1.3. S Topology y (Full) A B C D E F Hnh 1.4. S topology hnh sao Chng 1. Ly thuyt chung v mang truyn thng trong cng nghip Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 7
Cc i tc trao i thng tin vi nhau thng qua mt trm ch, tuy nhin mt s c ca trm ch s dn n s t lit ca ton h thng do trm ch i hi phi c tin cy cao. + Topology vng lp
Trong cu trc ny cc thnh vin c ni vi nhau to thnh mch vng khp kn, tn hiu c truyn i theo chiu c nh. u im ca phng php ny l mi nt mng c th l b khuch i iu khin cho khong cch i vi cu trc ny c th l rt xa. Mt khc mi i tc ngn mch vng lm hai phn nn kh nng sy ra xung t s gim do tn hi ch c truyn i theo mt chiu. + Topology bus
Trong cu trc ny cc i tc truyn thng c ni trn cung mt dy dn. Vi cu trc daisy-chain cc i tc c ni trc tip vo ng truyn. Cn cu trc trunk-line/drop-line th c cc dy ph ni cc i tc vo ng Bus chung. u im ca phng php ny l n gin v tit kim dy dn.
+ Cu trc cy A B C D Hnh 1.5. S topology kiu vng loop Hnh 1.6. Cu trc trunk- line/drop-line Hnh 1.7. Cu trc daisy-chain Chng 1. Ly thuyt chung v mang truyn thng trong cng nghip Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 8
Cu trc cy l tng hp ca nhiu lin kt vi cc cu trc nh ng thng, sao, mch vng... y l cu trc thng gp trong thc t.
2.3. Mi trng truyn dn 2.3.1. Cc c tnh ca mi trng truyn dn Mi trng truyn dn l mi trng m tn hiu thng tin truyn qua (thc cht l ng truyn). Mi trng truyn dn c nh hng ln ti tc truyn dn, cht lng ng truyn... Ta xt cc c tnh sau: Dung lng truyn ca mi trng truyn dn c tnh theo cng thc sau: U k = T k *F k *H k
: T k - Thi gian trong c mt tn hiu truyn i F k Khong tn s lm vic ca knh H k - c tnh ch r s tng cng sut tn hiu P th so vi cng sut nhiu P nh trong knh Ngi ta cn gi U k l kh nng truyn ca mi trng truyn dn Tc truyn thng tin: V=I/T : I Lng thng tin truyn T Thi gian truyn lng thng tin I
2.3.2. Cc loi mi trng truyn dn a) ng hai dy h. B ni B lp Hnh 1.8. Cu trc cy B ni sao Chng 1. Ly thuyt chung v mang truyn thng trong cng nghip Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 9 L loi mi trng truyn dn n gin, hai dy dn c cch li vi nhau bng khong khng. Loi ny c th ni cc thit b vi chiu di khng ln lm v tc truyn khng qu 19.2 Kbis/s. ng dy ny c ng dng trong truyn s liu gia cc DTE v DCE. Nhc im ca loi dy ny l chu tc ng ca nhiu xuyn m, ngoi ra cu trc h khin n nhy cm vi nhiu gy ra bi cc ngun bc x, cng chnh l l do khin cho mi trng truyn dn ny hn ch v tc v chiu di dy dn. b) Cp i dy xon y l mi trng truyn dn c tnh lch s trong truyn s liu v hin ny n vn l mi trng truyn dn c dng rt ph bin. N c pht minh cng thi vi in thoi, v gi th tng i r tin Cp dy i xon c th loi tr tt hn. Trong mt cp c nhiu cp dy xon vo nhau. Mt i dy xon bao gm hai si dy c qun cch li m vo nhau do cu trc nh th m trng in t ca hai dy s trung ho ln nhau, mt khc dy tn hiu v dy t xon vo nhau gip cho tn hiu giao thoa c c hai dy thu nhn, khng lm nh hng ln tn hiu vi sai. Chnh v vy m nhiu ra mi trng xung quanh v nhiu xuyn m gim thiu ng k.
ng dy xon i thch hp vi thit b iu khin ng dy v mch thu ring, s dng tc bit di 1 Mbps cho khong cch t vi m n 15Km v tc bit thp hn cho khong cch di hn. in hnh ca cp i dy xon l vic ng dng trong cc h thng truyn thng s dng chun RS485 vi tc truyn thng thng l 64Kb/s v 96Kb/s Tuy vy cp i dy xon c nhc im l chu nh hng ca nhiu k sinh v hin tng can nhit (couplage) C 2 loi cp xon i: Cp xon i khng bc kim (UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair) dng rng ri trong mng in thoi v trong nhiu ng dng truyn s liu; cp xon i bc kim (STP Shielded Twisted Pair), c mt mn chn bo v gim nh hng ca tn hiu giao thoa.
Hnh 1.9. Cu to ca cp i dy xon Chng 1. Ly thuyt chung v mang truyn thng trong cng nghip Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 10 c) Cp ng trc Hn ch chnh ca cp xon i gy ra bi hiu ng b mt. Khi tc bit (cng l tn s) ca tn hiu truyn dn tng ln th lung chy ca dng in trong dy ch trn b mt, do vy s dng t hn tit din sn c, dn n s tng in tr ca dy i vi tn hiu cao tn, lm tng suy hao. Ngoi ra, tn s cao, nng sut tn hiu b mt mt nhiu hn do hiu ng bc x. V vy, vi nhng ng dng i hi tc bit cao hn 1 Mbps, cn phi c thit b in t thu v iu khin tinh vi hn hoc s dng mt mi trng truyn dn khc. Cp ng trc lm gim ti thiu hai hiu ng trn. Cp c cht dn in chnh gia trc v bao quanh trc cng l cht dn in. Khong gia hai lp cht dn in thng c lm y bi cht cch in rn hoc cu trc t ong.
Cht dn in gia l mn chn hu hiu vi tn hiu nhiu bn ngoi. S tn hao tn hiu rt nh gy ra do bc x in t v hiu ng b mt. Cp ng trc c th s dng vi nhiu kiu tn hiu khc nhau, tc in hnh l 10Mbps. Cp ng trc c s dng rng ri, ch hot ng c th s dng di c s (BaseBand) hoc di rng (BroadBand). Vi BaseBand ton b hiu sut ng truyn c dnh cho mt knh truyn thng duy nht trong khi BroadBand th s dng cho 2 hoc nhiu knh cng phn chia di thng ca ng truyn. Chng c minh ho trn hnh 3.10.
Lp cch in Lp dn in Hnh 1.10. Cu to ca cp ng trc Chng 1. Ly thuyt chung v mang truyn thng trong cng nghip Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 11
- Phng thc truyn di c s c th truyn c c tn hiu tng t v tn hiu s.
Khong cch truyn gii c s t 1Km n 3Km tc trong gii ny l 1Mb/s n 10Kb/s Vi gii rng khong cch t 10Km n 50Km, tc c th ln n 350Mb/s Vi iu ch di rng cp ng trc kh nhy cm vi nhiu tn s thp, h s chng nhiu t 50dB n 60 dB. Trong trng hp iu ch di rng th km nhy cm hn, h s chng nhiu t 80dB n 100dB. d) Si quang y l mi trng truyn dn ang c x dng rng ri trong cng nghip bi cc u im sau: - Dung lng truyn ln - Tnh bo mt tn hiu khi truyn cao - Trng lng nh (c bit thch hp vi k thut hng khng) - Kh nng chng nhiu tt - Tc truyn cao (c th ln n hng trm Mb/s) - Khng b n mn trong cc mi trng oxi ho Chng ta hy xt mt s cc vn l thuyt trc khi xem xt si quang + Bn cht v cc c trng ca sng nh sng *. Bn cht sng nh sng ! "nh sng cng ln khng phi bao gm nhng lng t nng lng ln m gm rt nhiu lng t lan truyn. Bn cht ca sng nh sng c c tnh cht sng v tnh cht ht. Tc lan truyn ca sng nh sng l 3.10 8 m/s trong chn khng BaseBand BroadBand Hnh 1.11. Minh ho di c s v di rng Chng 1. Ly thuyt chung v mang truyn thng trong cng nghip Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 12 - Khi nghin cu cc phn t thu quang ngi ta x dng cc c tnh ht ca n. Khi nghin cu qu trnh lan truyn ca cp quang trn si quang ngi ta li quan tm n tnh cht sng ca n. *. Cc c trng c bn + Di ph bc x quang hc. c trng c bn ca cc ngun bc x in t l di ph bc x quang hc hay di bc sng tng ng: ) ( & ) ( Hz c f m f c l l = = - nh sng s dng trong thng tin quang l nh sng trong vng hng ngoi: - Hng ngoi gn IR-A: 0.78mm 1.4 mm - Hng ngoi gia IR-B: 1.4mm 6 mm - Hng ngoi gn IR-A: 6mm 1mm - Ph bc x c 3 loi khc nhau l ph lin tc, ph ri rc v ph hp th. Trong thng tin quang ngi ta s dng ph lin tc v ph ri rc. + c tnh khng kt hp: Khi cc ngun bc x hot ng, tng nguyn t s bc x ngu nhin cc xung nh sng, Mi xung nh sng cha ng mt dao ng ring. Cc xung nh sng ch tn ti trong 1 thi gian ngn (18 -8 ) v i c khong 3m. Sau cc nguyn t ngng bc x trong mt thi gian di, trong thi gian cc nguyn t khc li bc x v n to ra nh sng lin tc. Do cc nguyn t nn pha ca chng l ngu nhin, do khng th c hin tng giao thoa trong mt thi gian di v ngi ta gi l c tnh khng kt hp ca nh sng. + Nguyn l truyn dn nh sng - Da vo hin tng phn x ton phn - Khi n 1 >n 2 v a t <= a
+ Cu to si quang Cp si quang gm mt si thu tinh n cho mi tn hiu c truyn, nm trong v bc ngn nh sng bn ngoi. Tn hiu nh sng sinh ra bi my pht quang. My pht quang thc hin s chuyn i t in sang quang. Tng t, my thu quang thc hin chc nng ngc li ti u cui thu. My pht quang s dng LED hoc ILD, my thu quang s dng diode quang hoc transistor quang thc hin cc chuyn i. n 2
n 1 Chng 1. Ly thuyt chung v mang truyn thng trong cng nghip Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 13
Trong si quang a mode chit sut bc, vt liu ch to v v li khc nhau nhng chit sut l ng nht. Cc tia sng do diode pht ra vi gc nh hn gc ti hn s c phn x ton phn ti giao din li v v lan truyn dc theo li bng cch phn x nhiu ln. Cc tia sng pht ra ti diode vi gc khc nhau s truyn i vi thi gian khc nhau, dn n tn hiu thu c rng xung ln hn tn hiu vo, lm gim tc bit. + Phn loi si quang Theo c tnh truyn dn ngi ta chia si quang thnh 2 loi: Si SM v si MM - Si SM (Single Mode): c hiu l mt trng thi dao ng in t ng vi nghim cao ca phng trnh sng. S lng cc Mode c quan h vi sng in t n tho mn cc phng trnh Maxwell v iu kin b ly t si quang. - Si MM (Multiple Modes): c hiu l c ng thi nhiu Mode. Si MM c ng knh d k ln hn si SM C th hiu Mode l cc tia sng thnh phn. Theo s thay i ca chit sut m ngi ta phn si quang thnh mt s loi sau: - Si SI-MM (Step Index ! Multiple Modes) - Si GI-MM (Granded Index ! Multiple Modes) - Si SI-SM (Step Index ! Single Mode) th sau ch ra s lin h gia tc truyn v khong cch truyn ca cp i dy xon, cp ng trc v cp quang
n1 n2 Hnh 1.12. Nguyn l lm vic ca cp quang Chng 1. Ly thuyt chung v mang truyn thng trong cng nghip Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 14
e) V tinh Ngoi mi trng hu tuyn, s liu cn c th c truyn bng cch dng sng v tuyn qua khng gian nh h thng v tinh. S liu c iu ch bi mt chm sng cc ngn hnh nn, pht t mt t ln v tinh. Chm tia ny c thu v truyn n ch nh bng cch dng 1 antenna nh hng v b chuyn tip. Mt v tinh n c nhiu b chuyn tip nh vy, mi b tip nhn mt di tn s ring. Mt knh v tinh in hnh c bng thng ln (500MHz) v c th cung cp hng trm knh s liu tc cao bng cch dng k thut ghp knh. V tinh dng cho mc ch lin lc thng l v tinh a tnh. Ngi ta chn qu o ca v tinh cung cp mt tuyn thng tin tm nhn thng gia trm pht v thu.
Mi trm mt t thu, pht ti cc tn s khc nhau, thc t thng s dng h thng nhiu trm thu pht, t chc thnh mng. 0.1 1 10 100 L(km) V(Mb/s) 100 10 1 0.1 Cp quang Cp ng trc Cp i dy xon Hnh 1.13. th lin h gia tc truyn v khong cch truyn ca cp i dy xon, cp ng trc v cp quang V tinh Trm pht Trm thu Hnh 1.14. Truyn dn bng sng v tinh Chng 1. Ly thuyt chung v mang truyn thng trong cng nghip Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 15
f) Sng cc ngn trn mt t (viba) ng truyn sng cc ngn c s dng rng ri khi vic xy dng mt mi trng hu tuyn l khng thc t, hoc qu t, v d qua sng h, sa mc. V sng cc ngn truyn qua khng kh nn c th b gin on bi cc vt cn do con ngi va iu kin thi tit c hi. Cng nh v tinh, chm tia sng cc ngn truyn qua khng gian nn khng hiu qu. Truyn dn bng sng cc ngn c th cho php khong cch n 50km.
g) Sng v tuyn tn thp Sng v tuyn tn thp c s dng nhng ni c lin kt c nh qua mt khong cch va phi bng cch dng my pht v thu mt t. V d, dng kt ni cc my tnh trong thnh ph vi mt my pht xa. my v tuyn (gi l trm gc) c t im c nh, cung cp lin kt v tuyn gia mi my tnh v trm trung tm. Nu ng dng yu cu khu vc bao ph rng ln, cn phi s dng nhiu trm gc. Khu vc bao ph ca mi trm gc b gii hn do gii hn cng sut pht, v vy mi trm gc ch cung cp va knh phc v cho ton b ti trong khu vc . C th t c vng ph sng ln hn bng cch sp xp nhiu trm gc theo cu trc t bo. Thc t, kch thc t bo thay i v c xc nh bi cc yu t nh mt u cui v a th a phng. Mi trm gc hot ng s dng mt di tn khc vi trm ln cn. Tuy nhin, v ph sng ca mi trm gc b gii hn nn c th s dng li di tn ca cc vng khc trong mng. Cc trm gc c kt ni n mng c nh. Thng thng, tc d truyn s liu gia cc my tnh trong mt t bo l 10Kbps.
2.4. Cc phng php truy nhp ng truyn Trong mng truyn tin c nhiu i tc tham gia, cn thit phi c s iu khin sao cho mi thi dim ch c i tc c gi thng tin i, r rng cn thit phi c phng php thch hp phn chia thi gian gi d liu trn ng truyn. Vic truy nhp ng truyn lin quan n cc yu t sau: - tin cy khi truyn thng tin - Tnh nng thi gian thc - Hiu sut s dng ng truyn. Chng 1. Ly thuyt chung v mang truyn thng trong cng nghip Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 16 Ngi ta a ra cc phng php truy nhp ng truyn nh sau:
2.4.1.Phng php truy cp Master/ Slave Vi phng php truy nhp ny, trm ch s c quyn phn chia thi gian truy cp ng truyn cho cc trm t hnh 3.15.
Trm ch c th gi cc yu cu tun t n cc trm t hoc c th ch nh trm t bt k theo mc ch truy nhp. u im ca phng php ny l cu trc mng n gin, nhng cc hot ng ca mng li ph thuc vo trm ch nn i hi tin cy ca trm ch l rt cao, mt khc do thng tin gia cc trm t u phi thng qua trung gian l trm ch khin cho hiu sut ng truyn trong phng php ny l khng cao.
2.4.2. Phng php truy cp Token Passing Cu trc ca mt token nh sau:
Token Passing l 1 khung truyn c cu trc c bit vi cc thng tin d liu chnh, n c s dng nh th bi c th tc dng trao quyn gi thng tin khi mt trm no c c th bo ny. Vic gi th bi c thc hin theo 1 chu trnh nh sn. i vi cc mng c cu trc khp kn ngi ta a ra khi nim Token rinh. S nh sau: Master Slave Slave Slave Hnh 1.15. Truy cp Master/slave 1 byte Start 1 byte 1 byte Access control End delimiter Hnh 1.16. nh dng ca 1 token Chng 1. Ly thuyt chung v mang truyn thng trong cng nghip Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 17
Mt trm ang gi Token khng nhng c quyn gi thng tin i m cn c th kim sot thng tin ca cc trm khc. Nu thy trm chun b nhn Token b li n s khng gi Token cho trm ny, hoc nu token khng c gi (c ngha l trm token b li) th 1 trm no s t to ra token m bo hot ng ca h thng l thng sut.
2.4.3. CDMA/ CD(Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) Trong phng php ny, cc trm u c truy nhp bus m khng c 1 s kim sot no. Nguyn tc hot ng c m t nh sau: + Mi trm u cm nhn ng truyn (carier sense), ch khi ng truyn ri th mi c truyn thng tin trn . Unit 5 Unit 7 Unit 6 Unit 8 Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 : Mi trng vt l : ng i ca Token Unit 3: b li Hnh 1.17. Phng php truy nhp Token Ring Hnh 1.18. Phng php truy nhp Token bus Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 7 Unit 6 Unit 8 Chng 1. Ly thuyt chung v mang truyn thng trong cng nghip Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 18 + Do tr ca s lan truyn m vn xy ra trng hp lp 2 hay nhiu trm cng a thng tin ln ng truyn (hnh....) v khi pht cc trm ny vn phi cm nhn xem c xy ra xung t khng (Collision Detection)
+ Khi hai hay hiu trm nhn cng a thng tin ln ng truyn (tc xung t xy ra) th cc trm ny u phi hu b bn tin gi ca mnh (hnh...)
+ Ch trong thi gian ngu nhin cc trm ny s gi li thng bo
Thc t vic pht hin xung t c thc hin bng cch so snh tn hiu pht v tn hiu phn hi. Trong trng hp c xung t th cc trm ny lp tc khng pht na, v cc trm nhn th khng nhn c byte kt thc ca khung truyn nn coi nh thng bo ny b hu b. n1 n2 n3 n4 Hnh 1.19. Nhiu trm nhn cng gi thng tin ln ng truyn n1 n2 n3 n4 Hnh 1.20. Cc thng bo gi b hu b n1 n2 n3 n4 Hnh 1.21. Trm n1 gi thng bo Chng 1. Ly thuyt chung v mang truyn thng trong cng nghip Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 19 u im ca phng php ny l n gin v linh hot nhng khng ph hp vi cc h thng mng cp thp do tnh khng n nh v thi gian p ng.
2.4.4. CSMA/ CA (Carrier Sense Multiple with Collision Avoidance) Phng php ny cng ging phng php CSMA/ CD, nhng chng s dng phng php m ho bit thch hp khi xy ra xung t 1 tn hiu ny s ln t tn hiu kim tra. V d:
Phng php ny ra i ci thin c tnh nng thi gian thc m phng php CSMA/ CD gp phi.
2.5. Cc giao thc cng nghip (Industrial Protocol) 2.5.1. Khi nim giao thc (Protocol) + Trong qu trnh trao i thng tin trn mng, cc i tc truyn thng cn thit phi tun theo cc quy tc th tc chung phc v cho vic giao tip gi l giao thc, giao thc chnh l c s cho vic thc hin v s dng cc dch v truyn thng. + Quy nh mt giao thc bao gm cc phn sau: - Khi to: Phn ny khi to cc thng s ca giao thc v bt u truyn d liu trn ng truyn n1 n2 n3 a. n1 v n3 cng pht A B C X n1 n2 n3 b. n1 lin tc pht v n3 dng pht A B C Hnh 1.22. Nguyn l hot ng ca CDMA/CA Chng 1. Ly thuyt chung v mang truyn thng trong cng nghip Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 20 - To khung v ng b khung: Phn ny nh ngha thi im khi u v thi im kt thc ca khung bn nhn c th ng b d liu khi nhn. - iu khin lung d liu: m bo rng vi tc ny th bn thu c th nhn s liu m khng b thiu. - iu khin truy cp ng truyn: ng dng truyn bn song cng - Sa li: Cc k thut ngy nay s dng sa li tng khi v CRC. - iu khin Time Out: p dng vi cc b truyn khi n khng nhn c d liu trong khong thi gian nh trc v b nhn khng th nhn c cc bn tin trc .
2.5.2.Giao thc cng nghip Cc yu cu i vi cc Protocol cng nghip. - D dng cho cc h thng x l: Mc yu cu ca cc h thng truyn thng cng nghip cp phn xng l cp thp. Cn thit chn cc giao thc n gin chng hn giao thc ASCII. - Tnh bo ton d liu khi truyn l cao: Trong mi trng cng nghip c rt nhiu nhiu in t, cn thit phi truyn s liu sao cho khng c li, giao thc c chn phi c kh nng kim sot li hiu qu chng hn nh phng php sot li CRC. - Chun ho cc giao thc: Xut pht t yu cu trao i thng tin gia cc i tc trao i thng tin (PLC, PC ...) c sn xut bi cc hng khc nhau, cn thit phi c giao thc truyn thng cng nghip chung, chng hn MobBus. - Tc truy cp cc thng s cao: Yu cu vic cp nht cc thng s t cc thit b trng ni tip nhau l gn nh ng thi. Mt s cc giao thc cng nghip in hnh nh: ASCII, Modbus, Can...s c xt trong phn mng ca Simatic-net
Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 21 CHUONG 2 CC BUS TIU BIU C#A H& TH(NG M+NG SIMATICNET
1. TNG QUAN CHUNG V MANG SIMATIC Trong mng Simatic, a cc gii php cho mng truyn thng cng nghip nh: Profibus, Ethernet, AS-i... nhm kt ni cc thit b trng vi cc thit b cp iu khin , cc thit b cp iu khin gim st v cc thit b cp qun l Tu theo phng php tch hp m c th a ra cc la chn phn cng cng nh phn mm tng ng. Chng ny trnh by v cc giao thc chnh c dng trong Simatic, phn thit b phn cng v phng php ghp ni c trnh by trong chng 5 Hnh sau l cu trc phn tng in hnh trong Simatic-net
2. AS-I (ACTUATOR SENSOR INTERFACE) y l sn phm ca 11 hng sn xut sensor v c cu chp hnh ni ting trn th gii nh: Siemens AG, Festo KG...y l h thng Bus trng dng cho giao tip gia cc thit b cp hin trng vi cc thit b trong cp iu khin. c tnh k thut chnh ca AS-i l: - Truyn tn hiu cng ngun nui - Cho php thc hin cu trc mng dng Bus cng nh hnh sao - Cc thnh phn giao din mng c th thc hin vi gi thnh thp AS - i Profibus Ethernet (Ethernet, IEEE 802.3) Hnh 2.0. Phn tng cc mng in hnh trong Simatic -net Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 22 2.1. Kin trc giao thc Giao thc trong AS-i phn hot ng ca cc b iu khin vi cc thit b trng. nng cao hiu sut v n gin ho trong x l, ton b vic x l giao thc c thc hin lp 1 trong m hnh OSI. Phng php truy cp Bus l Master/Slave 2.2. Cu trc mng, cp truyn v c ch giao tip Cu trc mng trong AS-i l dng Bus hoc hnh sao, c trng ca AS- i l khng s dng tr u cui. Chiu di tng cng ti a l 100m, tt nhin nu mun dng vi khong cch ln hn phi s dng b lp. S lng trm ti a trong mt mng l 31 tc c th qun l ti a l 124 S/A, tc truyn quy nh l 167kB/s Trong sn phm ca Siemens module giao din AS-i Master trong S7- 300 l CP 342-2, module ny c th c ni vi cc Module th ng ni vi cc A/S C ch giao tip trong AS-i da trn cc yu cu v tr li. Trm ch c th hi tun t cc trm t tr li hoc cng c th hi cc trm t theo c ch nh a ch 2.3. Cu trc khung truyn Mc ch ca nh dng khung truyn l gip bn nhn xc nh c thi im bt u, kt thc mt bn tin cng nh gi km cc thng tin v sa sai li Khung truyn yu cu d liu t trm ch trong AS-i c chiu di l 14 bt cn khung tr li t cc trm t c chiu dai l 7 bt, minh ho trn hnh sau: Start CB A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 I4 I3 I2 I1 I0 P Stop
Hnh 2.1. Cu trc khung yu cu d liu STT K hiu M t 1 Start y l bt nh du s khi u ca khung truyn, n c gi tr l 0 2 CB L bit iu khin 3 A0 - A4 L cc bt dng xc nh a ch trm t 4 I0 - I4 Cc bt xc nh thng tin yu cu trm t 5 P Bt kim tra chn l 6 Stop y l bt nh du s kt thc ca khung truyn, n c gi tr l 1 Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 23
Bng 2.0. ngha ca cc bt trong khung yu cu Cu trc khung tr li t trm t trnh by trn hnh sau: Start S3 S2 S1 S0 P Stop
Hnh 2.2. Cu trc khung tr li ngha cc bt trong khung c trnh by trn hnh sau: STT K hiu M t 1 Start y l bt nh du s khi u ca khung truyn, n c gi tr l 0 2 S0 - S3 Thng tin tr li v trm ch 3 P Bt kim tra chn l 4 Stop y l bt nh du s kt thc ca khung truyn, n c gi tr l 1
Bng 2.1. ngha ca cc bt trong khung tr li
3. PROFIBUS (Process Field Bus) L h thng Bus trng c pht trin ti c nm 1987 v thnh chun EIC 61158 nm 2000. Vi mc ch qung b cng nh h tr vic pht trin v ng dng cc sn phm tng thch Profibus, mt t chc ngi s dng c thnh lp mang tn Profibus International vi hn 1000 thnh vin. Ngy nay Profibus l h thng Bus trng hng u th gii vi hn 20% th phn vi hn 5 triu thit b lp t trong khong 500.000 ng dng. Profibus ang c coi l gii php chun, tin cy trong nhiu ng dng c bit l trong cc ng dng c yu cu cao v tnh nng thi gian thc. H thng Bus ny c ng dng kt ni cc thit b trng vi cc thit b iu khin gim st. y l h thng Bus nhiu ch (MultiCast) cho php cc thit b vo/ra phn tn, cc thit b o thng minh, thit b iu khin... ni vo cng mt ng Bus. Cc trm ch (thng l cc PC, PLC) c quyn kim sot truyn thng trn Bus, cc trm t (thng l cc Module vo/ra phn tn, cc thit b o thng minh...) khng c php truy nhp Bus, m ch c xc nhn hoc tr li cc yu cu t trm ch. Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 24 Profibus gm 3 loi tng thch vi nhau: Profibus FMS, Profibus DP v Profibus PA. Profibus FMS c dng ch yu trong vic ni mng cc my tnh iu khin v cp iu khin gim st. Profibuss DP c dng kt ni cc thit b trng vi cc my tnh iu khin, cn Profibus PA c s dng trong cc lnh vc t ng ho cc qu trnh c mi trng d chy n.
3.1. Cu trc giao thc Profibus
Profibus - FMS Profibus - DP Profibus- PA Lp 7 Fieldbus Message Specification Lp 3 6 Lp 2 Fieldbus Data Link (FDL) Lp 1 RS-48S/ Cp quang IEC 1158-2
Hnh 2.3 Kin trc giao thc Profibus
Profibus DP v PA ch thc hin lp 1 v 2 nhm ti u ho vic trao i d liu qu trnh gia cp iu khin v cp chp hnh. - Lp FMS (vi Profibus FMS) m t cc i tng truyn thng, x l v cung cp cc dch v truyn thng. - Lp lin kt d liu FDL c chc nng kim sot truy cp bus, cung cp dch v c bn (cp thp) cho vic trao i d liu mt cch tin cy. - Lp vt l quy nh v k thut truyn dn tn hiu, mi trng truyn dn, cu trc mng v cc giao din c hc. Vic s dng giao din RS485 quyt nh cc c tnh truyn dn. Khong cch truyn cc i l 1200m, nu s dng trm lp c th ln n 4800m tt nhin n cn ph thuc vo tc truyn. Ni chung tc truyn thng tring khong 9.6 500Kb/s v s lng trm ti a l 127, n s dng phng php m ho NRZ. Quan h gia tc truyn v chiu di dy dn th hin trn bng sau: Tc (Kb/s) 9.6, 19.2, 45.45, 93.75 187.5 500 1500 3000, 6000, 12000 Chiu di (m) 1200 1000 400 200 100
Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 25 3.2. Truy cp Bus v cc dch v truyn s liu. Hai phng php truy nhp bus c th c p dng c lp hoc kt hp l Token Passing v Master/ Slave. Thi gian vng lp ti a 1 trm tch cc nhn li c Token c th thay i bi cc tham s. Khong thi gian ny l c s cho vic tnh ton chu k thi gian ca c h thng.
+ Cc dch v truyn s liu thuc lp 2 trong m hnh OSI (FDL) bao gm 4 dch v: - SDN (Send Data with No Acknowledge) - SDA (Send Data with Acknowledge) - SRD (Send and Request Data with Reply) - CSRD (Cyclic Send and Request Data with Reply) Dch v SDN ch yu dng trong gi ng flot (broadcast) hoc gi ti nhiu ch (multi cast). Dch v SDA v SRD l nhng dch v trao i d liu yu cu c s tr li. Do tnh cht khng tun hon ca 2 dch v ny, thc hin mi cuc trao i d liu u phi c yu cu t lp trn xung lp 2, thi gian x l giao thc tng nn xut hiu sut truyn thng gim. Nn 2 dch v ny c ng dng trong truyn s liu bnh thng. Dch v CSRD l dch v trao i d liu tun hon vi mc ch h tr vic trao i d liu qu trnh cp chp hnh, gia cc thit b cm bin, Controller PC PC Controller M Drive Sensor Sensor Actuator M Drive V Transmiter M Drive Sensor Hnh 2.4. Cu trc in hnh v h thng mng Profibus Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 26 c cu chp hnh v cc Module vo ra phn tn vi my tnh iu khin. Nguyn tc hot ng ca n l: mt trm ch s hi tun t cc trm t v yu cu v trao i d liu mt cch tun t. Do d liu trao i lun lp 2, khin cho cc chng trnh ng dng trao i d liu c thc hin hiu qu. 3.3. Cu trc khung truyn trong Profibus C 3 loi khung c khong cch Hamming 4 v mt loi khung c bit nh du Token c quy nh nh sau: - Khung c chiu di thng tin c nh, khng mang d liu SD1 DA SA FC FCS ED - Khung c chiu di thng tin c nh, mang 8 byte d liu SD3 DA SA FC DU FCS ED - Khung c chiu di thng tin khc nhau, mang 1 - 246 byte d liu SD2 LE LEr SD2 DA SA FC DU FCS ED
LE
- Token SD4 DA SA
DA, SA, FC v DU c coi l phn mang thng tin, mi c chiu di 8 bit (tr DU). ngha cc trng trong khung c ch ra trn bng sau: K hiu Tn ngha SD1...SD4 Start Delimiter Byte khi u phn bit cc loi khung: SD1=10H, SD2=68H, SD3=A2H; SD4=DCH LE Length Chiu di d liu (4- 249 byte) LER Length Repeated Chiu di truyn li DA Destination Address a ch trm nhn, t 0 127 SA Source Address a ch trm gi, t 0 127 DU Data Unit n v d liu FC Frame Control Kim tra khung FCS Frame Check Sequence Kim sot li ED End Delimiter Byte kt thc, ED=16H Bng 2.2. ngha cc trng trong khung
Do nhng u im v tnh nng hiu qu v thi gian trao i d liu m Profibus-DP s c trnh by chi tit. Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 27 Profibus-DP v -FMS s dng phng thc truyn khng ng b, vic ng b ho gia bn gi v bn nhn phi thc hin vi tng k t ... Mi khung k t di 11 bt ( hnh 52). Start bit LSB MSB Stop bit 0 a1 a2 ... a8 P 1
Data bit
Hnh 2.5. nh dng k t trong khung UART dng trong Profibus 3.4. Profibus-FMS y l Bus h thng dng kt ni cc thit b cp iu khin gim st vi nhau v vi cc thit b cp iu khin, do c im ca giao tip gia cc cp ny m d liu c trao i ch yu vi tnh cht khng nh k. Thc cht ca lp ng dng bao gm 2 lp con l FMS v LLI (Lower Layer Interface). Lp LLI c vai tr thch ng, chuyn cc dch v gia lp FMS v lp FDL. Giao din gia lp FMS vi cc qu trnh ng dng c thc hin bi lp ALI (Application Layer Interface). FMS thc cht l mt tp con ca MMS (Munufacturing Message Specification), y l mt chun giao thc v dch v thuc lp 7 ca m hnh OSI c giao tip hng thng bo (Message-oriented communication) c p dng rng ri trong cng nghip. Giao tip hng i tng: Profibus-FMS cho php thc hin giao tip hng i tng theo c ch Client/Server. ngha ca giao tip hng i tng l quan im thng nht trong giao tip d liu, khng ph thuc vo cc c im ca nh sn xut thit b hay cc lnh vc ng dng c th. Cc phn t c th truy cp c t mt trm trong mng, ai din cho cc i tng thc hay cc bin qu trnh c gi l i tng. Vic truy nhp vo i tng c th thc hin theo nhiu cch khc nhau, mt phng php hiu qu l truy cp i tng thng qua tn hnh thc (nhn) hay cn gi l cc Tag. Mi i tng c mt tn hnh thc phn bit thng nht. Phng php ny th hin tnh trc quan, d theo di trong qu trnh thc hin d n. Thit b trng o (VFD - Virtual Field Device) y l m hnh tru tng m t cc d liu, cu trc d liu v c tnh ca mt thit b t ng ho di gc ca mt i tc giao tip. Mt Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 28 i tng VFD cha tt c cc i tng giao tip v danh mc m t cc i tng giao tip c th truy cp qua cc dch v. Mt i tng VFD c sp xp tng ng vi ng mt qu trnh ng dng. Mt thit b thc c th cha nhiu i tng VFD, trong a ch ca mi i tng c xc nh qua cc im u cui giao tip. Quan h giao tip Ngoi hnh thc gi ng lot v gi ti nhiu ch, vic trao i thng tin trong Profibus-FMS lun c thc hin gia hai i tc truyn thng di hnh thc c ni theo c ch Client/Server. Mt Client c hiu l mt chng trnh ng dng gi yu cu truy nhp i tng. Cn Server chnh l mt chng trnh cung cp cc dch v truyn thng thng qua cc i tng. V nguyn tc chng trnh ng dng c th ng vai tr ca c Client v Server.
3.5. Profibus-DP c pht trin nhm p ng cc yu cu v trao i d liu gia cc thit b cp trng vi cc thit b cp iu khin. Vic trao i d liu ch yu thc hin theo c ch Master/ Slave, ngoi ra Profibus DP cn h tr cc dch v truyn thng khng tun hon, phc v tham s ho, vn hnh v chun on cc thit b trng thng minh. Cc hm DP c s (trong User Interface Layer) ch yu phc v trao i d liu tun hon, thi gian thc th cc hm DP m rng li cung cp cc dch v truyn s liu khng tun hon nh tham s thit b, thng tin chun on...
3.5.1. Cu hnh h thng v quy tc hot ng S trm ti a trong mng l 126, DP cho php s dng cu hnh 1 trm ch (Mono Master) hoc nhiu ch (Multi Master). Trong cu hnh nhiu ch, cc trm ch c th cng c d liu t cc trm t, nhng ch c 1 trm ch duy nht c a yu cu ti cc trm t. Chun DP quy nh cc quy tc hot ng nhm m bo tnh tng thch v kh nng thay th ln nhau ca thit b. Chng c xc nh thng qua trng thi hot ng ca cc thit b ch. CLEAR: Trm ch ly thng tin t cc trm t v gi cc u ra v tr an ton. Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 29 OPERATE: Trm ch ch trao i d liu u vo v u ra tun hon vi cc trm t. ng thi trm ch cng thng xuyn gi thng tin trng thi ca n ti cc trm t s dng lnh gi ng lot vi cc khong thi gian t trc. STOP: Khng truyn s liu s dng gia trm ch v trm t, ch xhun on. 3.5.2. Trao i d liu Vic trao i d liu gia trm ch v trm t c thc hin mt cch tun t theo quy trnh nh sn. Khi t cu hnh cho h thng Profibus, ta c th nh ngha a ch cc trm t cho 1 trm ch .... Trong mi chu k, trm ch c cc thng tin u vo ln lt t cc trm t vo b nh m v truyn cc yu cu t b nh ny ra cc trm t theo trnh t nh sn. Mi trm t ch cho php truyn/ nhn ti a 246 byte d liu. Vi cc trm t, trm ch gi 1 yu cu v ch s tr li. Thi gian trm ch cn x l 1 lt danh sch hi tun t gi l thi gian chu k bus. Thi gian chu k bus phi nh hn chu k qut ca chu trnh iu khin. 3.5.3. ng b ho d liu Mt thit b ch c th ng b ho vic c cc u vo cng nh t cc u ra bng vic gi ng thi cc thng bo ng b. Lnh iu khin t ch ng b cho mt nhm trm t nh sau: + SYNC: a ra nhm trm t v ch ng b ho u ra. Trong ch ny, u ra ca cc trm t c gi nguyn trng thi hin ti cho n lnh SYNC tip theo, trongthi gian d liu u ra c lu trong vng nh m ca trm t v ch khi nhn c lnh SYNC tip theo n mi c a ra. + FREEZE: a 1 nhm cc trm t v ch ng b ho u vo, ch ny cc trm t trong nhm c ch nh khng c php cp nht vng nh m d liu u vo cho ti khi nhn c lnh FREEZE tip theo, trong thi gian trm ch vn c gi tr u vo t cc trm t. 3.5.4. Chun on h thng Cc hm chun on ca DP cho php nh v li 1 cch nhanh chng, cc thng tin ny s c cp nht trm ch thng qua h thng bus truyn. Cc thng bo c chia lm 3 lp. Chun on trm: Thng bo lin quan n trng thi hot ng chung ca trm. Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 30 Chun on Module: Thng bo ch th li nm khu vc no trn Module. Chun on knh: Nguyn nhn ca li thuc knh vo/ ra no ca h thng. 3. 6. Profibus-PA (Process Automation) y l loi Bus trng thch hp cho cc h thng iu khin dng trong cc ngnh cng nghip d chy n. Thc cht n l h thng Bus m rng ca Profibus-DP vi k thut truyn dn tn hiu cng ngun nui (IEC 1158-2) ng thi cng a thm ra mt s quy nh c bit v thng s v c tnh cho thit b trng. Cc yu cu c th t ra cho mt giao din Profibus-PA an ton ring bao gm: - Mt on mng ch c php c mt ngun nui tch cc. - Mi trm tiu th mt dng c s c nh (10mA) trng thi xc lp. - Mi trm c coi nh mt ti tiu th dng th ng - Mi trm khi pht tn hiu i khng c np thm ngun vo ng Bus.
4. ETHERNET (IEEE 802.3) y l mt trong nhng chun ca mng cc b, da trn mng Ethernet do Digital v Xorox hp tc v pht trin t nm 1980 (lc u gi l DIX Ethenet 2.0 version 1.0 v n nm 1982 l version 2.0). Ngy nay Ethernet ang ng vai tr quan trng trong cc h thng thng tin cng nghip, bn cnh vic s dng cp i dy xon, cp ng trc, cp quang l Ethernet khng dy Thc cht Ethernet ch thc hin lp vt l v mt phn ca lp lin kt d liu, do c th s dng cc giao thc khc nhau pha trn trong TCP/IP l h giao thc c dng ph bin nht. 4.1. Cu trc mng v k thut truyn dn Cu trc mng thng l dng Bus, mch vng khp kn v i khi l hnh sao. Tng vt l ca Ethernet c chia lm 2 phn: Phn c lp vi ng truyn c t giao din gia cc tng MAC v vt l (giao din ny khng phi l yu cu bt buc ca chun nhng trong nhiu trng hp n rt hu ch). Phn ph thuc ng truyn l bt buc phi c c t giao din vi ng truyn, trong phn ny quy nh nhiu la chn khc nhau cho kiu ng truyn, phng thc truyn v tc truyn. Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 31 Hin nay c cc phng n sau cho tng vt l vi cch t tn quy c theo b 3: - Tc truyn tin hiu (1, 10 hoc 100Mb/s) - BASE (nu l Baseband) hoc BROAD (nu l Broadband) - Ch nh c trng ng truyn Mt s loi cp thng dng c trnh by trn bng sau:
STT K hiu Tc truyn (Mb/s) Di truyn ti Loi cp Khong cch truyn (m) 1 1BASE5 1 Baseband Cp UTP 500/topo hnh sao 2 10BASE5 10 Baseband Cp ng trc bo (d>10mm), 50W 500/segment topo dng bus 3 10BASE2 10 Baseband Cp ng trc gy 185/segment topo dng bus 4 10BASE-F 10BASE- FL(Fiber Link) 10BASE- FB(Backbone) 10BASE- FP(Passive) 10 Baseband Cp quang 4000 5 10BROAD36 10 Broadband Cp ng trc, 75W 1800/ topo dng Bus 6 10BASE-T 10 Baseband Cp UTP 100/ topo dng sao 7 100BASE-T 100 Baseband Cp UTP 100/ topo dng sao
Bng 2.3. Mt s loi cp in hnh Ethernet theo chun IEEE 802.3 s dng ch truyn ng b vi phng thc m ho Manchester. Bt 0 tng ng vi sn ln v 1 l sn xung. 4.2. C ch giao tip Vic ng dng rng ri Ethernet mt phn v tnh nng m. Ethernet ch quy nh lp vt l v lp MAC, cho php cc h thng khc nhau tu thc hin cc giao thc v dch v pha trn. Mt khc phng php truy Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 32 cp CSMA/CD cho php b xung v loi b cc thnh vin tham gia trong mng d dng. Cc thnh vin tham gia trong mng Ethernet u c vai tr bnh ng, chng c mt a ch ring bit, thng nht. Vic giao tip gia cc trm c thc hin thng qua cc giao thc pha trn (chng hn nh NetBUI, IPX/SPX, TCP/IP). Tu theo giao thc c th m a ch ca bn gi v bn nhn trong khung truyn lp pha trn s c dch sang a ch Ethernet trc khi chuyn xung lp MAC. Bn cnh giao tip tay i Ethernet cn h tr phng php gi ng lot hoc gi ti nhiu ch. 4.3. Cu trc khung truyn Khun dng khung truyn c th hin trn hnh sau:
Preamble SFD DA SA Length LLC data PAD FCS
Hnh 2.6. Cu trc khung truyn trong Ethernet IEEE 802.3 Trong : Preamble (7 byte): l phn u dng thit lp s ng b, n l dy bt lun phin 1 v 0 kt thc l 0 SFD (Start Frame Delimiter): l dy bt 10101011, ch s bt u thc s ca khung truyn. DA (Destination Address) 2 byte hoc 6 byte: a ch trm ch, c th la chn thng nht a ch l 16 bt hoc 48 bit SA (Source Address): a ch trm ngun, c chiu di tng ng vi a ch ch Length (2 byte): ch di ca phn LLC data LLC data: n v d liu ca LLC PAD: Phn d liu thm vo vi mc ch pht hin xung t FCS (Frame Check Sequence): M kim tra li CRC 32 bt cho tt c cc vng tr Preamble, SFD v FCS. Khun dng ca vng a ch 16 bt v 48 bt c ch ra trn hnh sau: I/G 15 bt a ch I/G = 0, a ch ring bit I/G = 1, a ch nhm Hnh 2.7. Dng a ch 16 bit I/G U/L 46 bt a ch U/L = 0, Globally Administrered Address U/L =1, Locally Administrered Address Hnh 2.8. Dng a ch 46 bit Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 33
4.4.Fast Ethernet L s pht trin tip theo ca Ethernet cho php truyn vi tc 100Mb/s. m bo tnh tng thch vi mng c, ton b c ch giao tip v kin trc giao thc c gi nguyn, ch c thi gian bit c gim t 100ns xung 10ns. Do phng php ni mng x dng cp i dy xon v b chia c u th vt tri nn cc mng Fast Ethernet khng h tr cp ng trc. Cc loi cp chun cho Fast Ethernet c trnh by trn bng sau:
STT K hiu Loi cp Chiu di ti a trong on mng (m) 1 100BASE-T4 i dy xon hng 3 100 2 100BASE-TX i dy xon hng 5 100 3 100BASE-FX Cp quang 2000
Bng 2.4. Mt s loi cp thng dng dng trong Fast Ethernet - Loi 100BASE-T4 x dng 4 i dy xon UTP hng 3. Di tn ca cp ny b gii hn 25MHz, trong khi m Manchester s dng trong Ethernet thng thng to tn s tn hiu cao gp i so vi tn s nhp. t c tc truyn 100Mb/s, mt phng php m ho bt vi tn hiu 3 mc thay v 2 mc c th hin y. ng thi loi cp ny cng phi x dng ti 4 i dy xon (do c k hiu l T4), trong mt i lun truyn tn hiu vo b chia, mt i lun truyn ra v hai i c x dng linh hot theo chiu ang truyn. Vi 3 i dy v 3 mc tn hiu, trong mt nhp c th truyn c 4 bt, nng tc truyn ln 100Mb/s - Vi loi 100BASE-TX, i dy xon hng 5 c x dng c kh nng lm vic tn s nhp 125MHz v cao hn th. Vicj x dng 2 i dy xon cho php truyn 2 chiu ng thi. Khc vi loi cp trn, mt phng php m ho bt 4B5B c x dng y. Dy bt t khung MAC c m ho li thnh cc t hp 5 bit trn ng truyn. Ch c 16 hoc 32 t hp biu din d liu, cc t hp cn li c s dng cho nh du, iu khin v tn hiu phn cng - Loi 100BASE-FX cho php truyn tn hiu 2 chiu s dng si quang a modes, y l gii php thch hp cho cc ng dng i hi khong cch truyn ln cng nh kh nng chng nhiu cao. Chng 3. Kt ni cac thit b o lng va iu khin trong h thng mang Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 34
CHUONG 3 KT NI CC THIT BI O LUNG V IU KHIN TRONG H THNG MANG 3.1. TNG QUAN CHUNG a ra gii php kt ni cc thit b trong h thng mng hp l thc cht l thc hin bi ton tch hp. Cn thit phi xt n cc yu t sau: Bi ton cng ngh y l mt nhim v quan trng trong tch hp h thng, cn thit phi c cc hiu bit su sc la chn cc gii php ph hp, chng hn vi mt ng dng c thi gian p ng nhanh th gii php truyn thng cng phi tng thch v ngc li, do cn nm vng cng ngh trc khi thc hin bi ton tch hp Cc yu t k thut Khi thit k h thng mng cng cn quan tm n tnh n nh, kh nng lm vic lu di cng nh kh nng thay th ca cc thit b trong mng... Vn kinh t y l vn cc k quan trng trong bt c thit k mng no. Vi cc yu cu k thut ra c th p ng bng nhiu phng n nhng phng n la chn phi l phng n ngoi vic tho mn cc yu cu v cng ngh v k thut th phi tho mn yu cu v kinh t. Chng hn trong mt nh my Xi mng n h thng mng dng ca Siemens vi cc b iu khin PLC S7-400 nhng tt c cc Module I/O kt ni vi cc b iu khin ny li l loi ca S7-300, thot nhin chng ta s rt ngc nhin, ti sao khng ng b ho ??. Cu tr li l vn kinh t
3.2. GIAO DIN MANG Giao din mng l mt thnh phn ghp ni chnh ca mt thit b vi mi trng truyn thng, trong c phn cng v phn mm u c nhim v quan trng. Mt thnh phn giao din mng c th c thc hin c lp hoc tch hp vi thit b. Card giao din mng cho my tnh c nhn, module x l truyn thng trn PLC hay cc module giao din mng trn cc I/O phn tn. 3.2.1. Ghp ni PLC (Programable Logic Controller) ghp ni cc PLC trong mng c th s dng cc Module truyn thng ring hoc trc tip trn cc CPU c tch hp sn cc Module giao Chng 3. Kt ni cac thit b o lng va iu khin trong h thng mang Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 35 din mng. Hnh sau trnh by v ghp ni ca PLC trong mng:
PS
CPU
IM
IM
IM
DI
DO
AI
AO
3.2.2. Ghp ni PC Giao din trn PC cng c thc hin tng t nh PLC, chng c thc hin theo cc cch sau: - Card ghp ni qua khe cm ISA, PCI... - B thch ng mng (Adapter) qua cng song song v ni tip - Card PCMCIA Card giao din mng Trn Card thng c b vi x l m nhim chc nng x l giao thc, tuy nhin phn x l ny c th l ton b hoc c san s cng vi phn mm. Tuy nhin t tin cy cao trong cc cuc trao i tin cc Card giao din thng c thit k c d phng. B thch ng mng (Adaptor) qua cng song song v ni tip B thch ng thng c s dng chuyn i tn hiu. Chng hn khi giao tip vi PLC S7-200 thng qua cng truyn thng RS485 th cn c b chuyn i RS485/RS232 ghp ni vi PC Card PCMCIA i vi my tnh xch tay khng c kh nng m rng qua cc khe cm, bn cnh phng php s dng b thch ng mng, c th ghp ni qua khe cm PCICIA vi kch c tng i nh. Phng php ny thch hp vi cc my lp trnh (PG) dng t cu hnh, tham s ho v chun on h thng 3.3. GHP NI CC THIT BI TRONG SIMATIC 1. Cc dch v truyn thng trong Profibus CP. Bus h thng Ethernet Bus trng Hnh 3.0. Giao din mng ca PLC PLC Chng 3. Kt ni cac thit b o lng va iu khin trong h thng mang Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 36 Trong qu trnh trao i thng tin dch v truyn thng ng vai tr rt quan trng, Profibus a ra mt s dch v truyn thng nhm h tr cc thit b trao i thng tin trn mng. Hnh sau trnh by v cc dch v trong Profibus CP
Hnh 3.1. Cc dch v truyn thng ca Profibus CP
2. Kh nng truyn thng ca S7 Cc thit b tham gia mng trong Simatic rt phong ph v a dng v chng loi, vic kt ni cc thit b ny i hi cn c cc giao din chung, iu cng nh hng n kh nng truyn thng ca Simatic.
Hnh 3.2. Kh nng truyn thng ca Simatic S7
Chng 3. Kt ni cac thit b o lng va iu khin trong h thng mang Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 37 3. Truyn thng S7 vi Profibus Nh trnh by trn phn trc, Profibus l h thng Bus c ng dng rt ph bin trong cc ng dng ca Simatic, trong cc thit b tham gia trong mng c th l PLC-S7-300, S7-400 cng nh cc PC v PG. Cu hnh truyn thng ca S7 trong ng dng Profibus c trnh by trn hnh 5.3
Hnh 3.3. Truyn thng S7 vi Profibus 4. Cu hnh cho hot ng ca PG Thc cht PG l mt my tnh cng nghip, nhng v tr quan trng ca n li chnh l phn mm c ci t trong . y l cc phn mm c bn quyn nh: Step 7- V5.2, WinCC ... Ni chung gi ca cc phn mm ny vt nhiu ln gi ca phm cng. Thc t PG c dng lm cng c ci t phn mm, t li cu hnh cho h thng cng nh tham gia vo tham s ho chun on... Cu hnh hot ng ca PG c trnh by trn hnh 5.4
Hnh 3.4. Cu hnh cho hot ng ca PG Chng 3. Kt ni cac thit b o lng va iu khin trong h thng mang Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 38 5. Cc i tc truyn thng trn kt ni FDL Vic thc hin cc giao thc truyn thng trong Bus trng ch c thc hin trn lp ln kt d liu (FDL) v trn lp vt l. Vic kt ni cc i tc truyn thng trn kt ni FDL c ch ra trn hnh 5.5
Hnh 3.5. Cc i tc truyn thng trn kt ni FDL 6. Cc trm Slave ca Siemens v cc nh cung cp khc trn Profibus-DP Profibus cung cp cc dch v cho cc thit b ch cng nh cho cc thit b t trao i thng tin trong mng, v nguyn tc cc trm t ca cc hng khc nhau hon ton c th trao i thng tin nu tun th cc quy tc v th tc ca Profibus. Hnh sau m t mng truyn s liu ca cc thit b t vi cc thit b ch
Hnh 3.6. Cc Slave ca Siemens v cc nh cung cp khc trn Profibus-DP
Chng 3. Kt ni cac thit b o lng va iu khin trong h thng mang Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 39 7. Cu hnh mng cho cc DP Slave cho Simatic S7
Hnh 3.7. Cu hnh mng cho cc DP Slave cho Simatic S7
8. Mng trong PCS7 PCS7 l h thng iu khin qu trnh ni ting ca Siemens hin nay, chng c nhng tnh nng u vit v cht lng o lng v iu khin, kh nng linh hot trong cc ng dng, tnh nng m... im mu cht ca h PCS7 hin nay l ng dng ca mng truyn thng s dng cc giao thc cng nghip, trong cc thit b thc hin giao thc, x l giao thc c th c ni trong cng mt cu trc mng hoc trong cu trc mng kt hp v thc hin cc giao thc cng loi hoc kt hp. V tt nhin s c cc thit b thc hin vic chuyn i giao thc . Hnh sau v d v cu hnh Simatic ca PCS7
Hnh 3.8. Cu hnh Simatic trong PCS7 Chng 3. Kt ni cac thit b o lng va iu khin trong h thng mang Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 40 a) Trm thit k k thut trong PCS7 (ENG) Trm ny dng vi nhiu mc ch nh: nh ngha cc kt ni trong h thng, thay i cu hnh cng nh phn vng qun l h thng... Kh nng can thip trong h PCS7 ca ENG c trnh by trn hnh sau:
Hnh 3.9. Trm thit k k thut trong PCS7 (ENG)
Hnh sau m t kt ni Bus h thng trong PCS7 gia cc thit b Simatic
Hnh 3.10. Kt ni Bus h thng trong PCS7
Mt cu hnh mng in hnh s dng mi trng truyn dn cp quang l s dng cu trc mng vng lp khp kn. Trong h thng mng ca Simatic thng s dng cu hnh c d phng (Redandancy) nhm nng cao tin cy ca h thng. Module thc hin qu trnh chuyn i in /quang v quang/in trong Simatic l OLM (Optical Link Module). Hnh 5.11 m t kt ni ny Chng 3. Kt ni cac thit b o lng va iu khin trong h thng mang Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 41
Hnh 3.11. Kt ni vng lp khp kn c d phng
Trong mt s ng dng i hi tin cy cao vic s dng cc PLC c s phng s lm tng tin cy. Hnh 5.12 trnh by v cu hnh d phng ca PLC
Hnh 3.12. Cu hnh PLC c d phng
Ngoi vic kt ni c d phng s dng OLM, Simatic cn a ra gii php s dng module OSM nhm nng cao kh nng lin kt cc i tc truyn thng trong mng. Cu hnh ny c trnh by trn hnh 5.13
Chng 3. Kt ni cac thit b o lng va iu khin trong h thng mang Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 42
Hnh 3.13. Cu hnh mch vng s dng OSM Tng hp cu trc phn tng, d phng c trnh by trn hnh 5.14
Hnh 3.14. Cu trc phn tng mng Chng 3. Kt ni cac thit b o lng va iu khin trong h thng mang Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 43 Kt ni cc thit b trng ln cc thit b iu khin c trnh by trn hnh 5.15. Trong cc thit b trng c th c kt ni theo cc giao thc khc nhau
Hnh 3.15. Kt ni cc thit b trng ln cp iu khin
Truyn thng trong Profibus gia DP v PA c trnh by trn hnh sau:
Hnh 3.16. Truyn thng gia Profibus-DP v PA
Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 44 CH!NG 4 GI"I THI$U H$ TH'NG SIMATIC PCS 7
4.1 Cc thu*t ng- c0 b1n: 4.1.1 Truy3n thng (communications): Truyn thng #$ ch& s) truyn d, li.u gi,a hai ho/c nhiu thnh ph2n truyn thng v3i nhau, trong truyn thng ng*6i ta c th$ g8i #y l c:ng s) (communications partner). Trao #;i < #y c th$ l l=y ho/c g<i thng tin, tr?ng thi, tn hi.u Qa trnh truyn thng c th$ x@y ra < nhiu #*6ng truyn khc nahu nh*: c;ng truyn thng #*Ac tch hAp cng v3i CPU; b: xB l truyn thng ring cn g8i l CP (communications processor); ngoi ra ng*6i ta cn hay sB dCng tE Node #$ thay thF cho cc thnh ph2n ny. Xem v dC < hnh bn d*3i:
4.1.2 H5 th6ng truy3n thng c d9 phng (Redundant Communication System): L h. thGng c #: d) tr, c th$ tHng ln g=p #i #i khi c th$ g=p ba l2n < t?i m:t sG CPU, nguIn cung c=p cho h. thGng #iu khi$n ho/c mi tr*6ng truyn thng (cc bus truyn). Hnh 4.1 Cc thnh ph2n trong truyn thng Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 45 Cc c4 chF gim st v #Ing b: ha sJ #*Ac #@m b@o nFu c m:t thnh ph2n bK lMi th sJ c m:t thnh ph2n khc thay thF ngay (ty theo mOc #: d) phng) m khng nh=t thiFt ph@i dEng h. thGng #$ xB l, ch& c2n tch ra v khPc phCc thnh ph2n bK lMi sau #=y #*a h. thGng tr< l?i ho?t #:ng nh* qu trnh ci #/t ban #2u (v dC cc S7 400H cQa Siemens hay AC800M cQa ABB c c4 chF ny).
Vi.c d) phng ny < cc c=p #: khc nhau ty thu:c vo mOc #: quan tr8ng cQa h. thGng, th)c tF ng*6i ta c th$ chia ra cc c=p #: nh* sau: - R: d) phng nng (Host Standby): th6i gian chuy$n m?ch < 10 ms. - R: d) phng =m: 10 ms < th6i gian chuy$n m?ch < 100 ms. - R: d) phng l?nh (ngu:i): d) phng d?ng ny ph@i ngEng h. thGng trong kho@ng th6i gian ngPn #$ thay thF thiFt bK. Truy3n thng c tnh kh1 d:ng (s<n sng) cao (High - Availability communication) S7 400H l v dC minh h8a trong kFt nGi truyn thng ki$u ny. Truyn thng ny mang l?i #: tin cSy, tHng nHng su=t trong s@n xu=t, gi@m th6i gian dEng my khi b@o d*Tng hai khPc phCc s) cG Ng*Ac l?i gi thnh #2u t* r=t cao. 4.1.3 Cc nt (node) d9 tr-: Ngoi cc v=n # d) phng v nguIn (PS), CPU, bus, CP cn c d) phng v nt. Ki$u d) phng ny #*Ac th)c hin trong nh,ng h. thGng c #: d) phng r=t cao #$ phCc vC cho vi.c thay thF ho/c nng c=p. Khi s) cG < nt m?ng no # th khng lm @nh h*<ng #Fn cc nt khc trong m?ng. 4.1.4 Tr?m (Station): Tr?m l m:t thiFt bK kFt nGi vo trong m:t subnet no # hay l s) lin kFt gi,a cc subnet v3i nhau (Gateway sB dCng PLC ho/c PC), n ph@i c ring m:t
b. D) phng Server, CPU AC800 v cc bus truyn thng trong kFt nGi cQa ABB
a. D) phng CPU v bus truyn thng trong kFt nGi cQa S7 400H Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 46 #Ka ch& khi kFt nGi vo trong m?ng. V dC tr?m < #y c th$ l: PC, PLC, PG, OP, TD, CP 4.1.5 M?ng con (subnet): Subnet l ton b: cc thnh ph2n vSt l, chuUn, giao thOc, dKch vC #Ing nh=t #$ th)c hi.n m:t kFt nGi thGng nh=t #$ phCc vC cho vi.c trao #;i v qu@n l d, li.u. Cc kFt nGi gi,a cc tr?m nGi vo subnet khng #i qua gateway. M:t subnet #*Ac coi l m:t mi tr*6ng truyn thng. V dC nh* subnet # l: MPI, Profibus, Ethernet, Modbus . . . MMi subnet c m:t subnetID duy nh=t. Hnh x.x c ba subnet (1 subnet MPI, 2 subnet Profibus DP), cc S7 400 lm nhi.m vC #iu khi$n v qu@n l hai subnet Profibus DP vEa lm nhi.m vC cQa gateway #$ lin kFt ba subnet l?i v3i nhau. 4.1.6 M?ng (Network): M?ng bao gIm m:t ho/c nhiu subnet (cng lo?i ho/c khc lo?i) lin kFt l?i v3i nhau. V dC trn cc hnh 4.1, 4.2 g8i l m?ng. 4.1.7 Gateway: Gateway l thiFt bK sB dCng #$ kFt nGi cc subnet l?i v3i nhau. N c th$ lin kFt cc subnet giGng ho/c khc nhau. Nh* vSy m?ng c nhiu h4n m:t subnet th c2n ph@i c gateway. V dC nh,ng gateway sau #y th*6ng #*Ac sB dCng: - Modul E/P #*Ac sB dCng #$ lin kFt hai subnet khc nhau l Ethernet v Profibus DP.
Hnh 4.2 V dC minh v cc subnet v cc lin kFt gi,a chng Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 47 - Modul IM 157 sB dCng #$ lin kFt hai subnet khc nhau l Profibus DP v Profibus PA. - DP/AS-i Link sB dCng #$ lin kFt IM 157 sB dCng #$ lin kFt hai subnet khc nhau l Profibus DP v AS-i. - Gateway 3WN6 thiFt bK sB dCng #$ chuy$n m?ch trong Profibus DP. - ET 200U DP/FMS sB dCng #$ lin kFt hai subnet khc nhau l Profibus DP v Profibus FMS. Ngoi ra cc modul CP, PLC v PC #i khi cVng #ng vai tr cQa m:t gateway. Xem hnh v dC bn d*3i:
4.1.8 B@ ABnh tuyDn (Routing ): Nh,ng gateway c2n c thng tin #$ xc #Knh #*6ng #i qua cc kFt nGi tE subnet ny sang cc subnet khc. Trong khung truyn #=y l m:t b@ng ch& #*6ng (routing table) #$ xc #Knh #Ka ch& #ch l cc c:ng s) truyn thng (communications partners). Chnh c4 chF ny cQa n m ng*6i ta g8i n l routing (#Knh tuyFn). C hai lo?i routing # l routing tWnh v routing #:ng (routing thch nghi). RGi v3i cc routing tWnh th cc thng tin trong b@ng (routing table) l khng #;i, n lm nhi.m vC ch& dXn #$ #i #Fn cc subnet kF. RGi v3i routing #:ng th cc tham sG trong # sJ thay #;i nFu c s) tham gia vo ho/c cPt b3t c:ng s) truyn thng trong m?ng m:t cch t) #:ng. Tnh nHng ny r=t quan tr8ng #Gi v3i m:t sG nh my s@n xu=t c tnh ch=t lin tCc h?n chF tGi #a th6i gian v sG l2n dEng h. thGng, v dC nh* nh my thp; nh my #i.n; nh my xi mHng; nh my l8c d2u 4.1.9 Khch/chE (Client/server): Khi ni.n v Khch/chQ #*a ra nhYm #$ xc #Knh chOc nHng sB dCng hay qu@n l d, li.u. Vi.c ny gip cho vi.c phn #Knh cng vi.c m:t cch r rng, dZ tch hAp, b@o d*Tng v nng c=p h4n. THng #*Ac hi.u su=t cng vi.c, gi@m gi thnh tch hAp v tGi *u ha th6i gian th)c thi cng vi.c, #iu ny cVng c nghWa l tnh nHng th6i gian th)c (real-time) cVng sJ #*Ac c@i thi.n h4n.
Hnh 4.3 Ln kFt gi,a Profibus DP v Profibus PA sB modul IM 157 Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 48 Server: Trch nhi.m cQa Server l qu@n l, l*u tr, d, li.u, #@m b@o cc dKch vC truyn thng, c=u trc v sG l*Ang kFt nGi. Nng cao #: tin cSy trong h. thGng (tnh kh@ dCng). Client: ChOc nHng chQ yFu cQa client l sB dCng thng tin, ngoi ra cn c xB l thng tin #$ gi@m b3t gnh n/ng cho Server (tnh nHng ny l h2u hFt trong cc m?ng TTCN). Gip cho Server dZ dng h4n trong vi.c truy cSp h. thGng m khng c2n ph@i phn bG chi tiFt th6i gian, d, li.u 4.1.10 ChE/tF (Master/Slave): Khi ni.m chQ t3 th*6ng r=t hay g/p khi tiFn hnh tch hAp m?ng TTCN. Chng ta c th$ lin t*<ng #Fn quan h. gi,a Cleint/Server < trn nh*ng khi ni.m Master/Slave < c=p #: nh[ h4n nhiu. V dC trong kFt nGi gi,a PLC S7300 ho/c S7 400 v3i cc m #un phn tn ET 200 thng qua subnet Profibus DP th CPU cQa PLC #ng vai tr l Master cn cc m #un phn tn ET 200 l cc Slave. 4.2 GiFi thi5u cc phGn m3m thu@c gi phGn m3m STEP 7: Tr*3c khi bPt #2u v3i ph2n mm ny chng ta #i t;ng quan v gi ph2n mm STEP 7. Trong # c cc ph2n mm sau: - Configure SIMATIC Workspace - Converting S5 file - LAD, STL, FBD - Programming S7 Blocks - Memory Card Parameter Assignment - PID Control Parameter Assignment - S7 - GRAPH - Programming Sequential Control System - S7 - DIAG - Configurating Proccess Diagnotics - Setting the PG-PC Interface - TI 405 - S7 Converting TI File - TI 505 - S7 Converting TI File - NetPro - Configuring Networks 4.2.1 Configure SIMATIC Workspace: \ #y, b?n c th$ ci #/t SIMATIC STEP 7 Workstation #$ chuUn bK cho qu trnh lm vi.c v3i cc d) n cQa STEP 7 v cc STEP 7 Workatation khc. - Workstation c hai lo?i: + Single Terminal: v3i ci #/t ny, b?n ch& lm vi.c #*Ac trn duy nh=t m:t d) n STEP 7. + Multi - Terminal System: v3i vi.c ci #/t ny, nh,ng d) n cQa b?n c th$ #*Ac so?n th@o tE tSp hAp nhiu Workstation khc nhau. D) nn # thng th*6ng nYm trn File cQa Server ho/c trn m:t nhm Workstation. T=t c@ cc station trong nhm (workgroup) c th$ truy cSp vo n. - ChuHn giao thJc #*Ac sB dCng #$ thiFt lSp m:t h. thGng v3i Multi - terminal, cc chuUn giao thOc ny l ngn ng, chung chung #$ truyn thng gi,a cc Workstation v3i nhau. Cc ci #/t v3i chuUn giao thOc nn tun theo tiu chuUn Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 49 chung thGng nh=t cQa quGc tF. C cc chuUn sau #y #*Ac thiFt lSp cho h. thGng m?ng cQa b?n thng qua ph2n mm ny: + NetBIOS + IPX/SPX + TCP/IP (v3i ci #/t ny sJ c m:t c=u hnh TCP/IP cho Multi - User #*Ac thiFt lSp) - Trong h5 th6ng Multi - User (hay Multi - terminal) bao gIm cc thnh ph2n chnh l DB server v DP client. + DB server: ch& sB dCng #Ka ch& host Khi thiFt lSp #Ka ch& cho DB server, ph2n mm # m/c #Knh cho nn b?n khng c2n ph@i t?o ra #Ka ch& m3i ho/c l #*a thm #Ka ch& no n,a. DB server sJ sB dCng t=t c@ cc #Ka ch& IP ti.n lAi ny. NFu nhiu h4n m:t m?ng #*Ac thiFt lSp, b?n c th$ #*a #Ka ch& host cho nh,ng m?ng # v lc # cc DB server nn lm vi.c #:c lSp. + V dC cho truyn d, li.u v3i kho@ng cch di (long - distance): NFu DB server ho?t #:ng trong m?ng v3i kho@ng cch di, #2u tin b?n ph@i dEng DB server tr*3c khi th)c hi.n vi.c kFt nGi v l # b?n #@m b@o rYng cc kFt nGi ph@i #@m b@o tun theo chuUn giao thOc TCP/IP. TGt nh=t l cc #Ka ch& m b?n =n #Knh trong m?ng nn qu@n l trn m:t file no # #$ ti.n cho vi.c qu@n l #$ trnh s) nh2m lXn v trng l/p. B?n nn l*u #Fn chOc nHng default setting cQa ph2n mm trong qu trnh #Knh #Ka ch& cho cc DB client.
Cu trc IP xem thm trang 20 trong gio trnh thi$t k$ v xy d&ng m)ng LAN v WAN. - CKu hnh cEa Multi - User trong m?ng: V3i STEP 7, b?n c th$ lm vi.c trong mi tr*6ng Windows 2000/XP v NT/2000 server. T*4ng Ong v3i mMi Workstation b?n c th$ lm vi.c t*4ng Ong v3i cc Project < nh,ng d?ng sau:
Hnh 4.4 ThiFt lSp #Ka ch& host cho DB server Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 50 + Project trn m:t Workstation no # cVng co th$ #*Ac sB dCng b<i cc Workstation khc. Xem v dC < hnh 4.5, Workstation 1 v Workstation 2 truy cSp vo Project A trn Workstation 1. + Cc Workstation khc v th$ truy cSp vo Project trn server. Xem v dC < hnh 4.5, Workstation 1 v Workstation 2 c th$ truy cSp vo Project C trn server cQa m?ng #. + Cc Project l #*Ac phn bG t?i cc Workstation hay server trong m?ng c m:t ho/c nhiu h4n m:t server. Xem v dC < hnh 4.5, Workstation 1 v Workstation 2 c th$ truy cSp vo cc Project A, B, C.
4.2.2 Converting S5 file: Ph2n mm ny c chOc nHng chuy$n #;i cc File #*Ac so?n th@o trn STEP 5 (thF h. cV) sang d?ng File khc m File # hon ton c th$ so?n th@o l?i v c th$ lm vi.c #*Ac trong mi tr*6ng STEP 7. V3i m:t nh,ng thao tc #4n gi@n l: - Kh<i #:ng ph2n mm Converting S5 file - Vo File/Open - Ch8n File S5 m b?n muGn chuy$n #;i 4.2.3 LAD, STL, FBD - Programming S7 Blocks: Trn ph2n mm ny chng ta c th$ t?o lSp cc Project cho PLC S7 - 300 ho/c S7 - 400 bYng m:t trong 3 ngn ng, LAD, STL, FBD. Ngoi ra chng c th$ kh<i #:ng ph2n mm ny tE SIMATIC Manager. 4.2.4 Memory Card Parameter Assignment: \ #y b?n c th$ ch& #Knh #*Ac giao di.n m thiFt bK lSp cQa b?n c th$ sB dCng #$ l*u tr, ch*4ng trnh ng*6i sB dCng trn card nh3 cho PLC thu:c S7. 4.2.5 PID Control Parameter Assignment: Trn ph2n mm ny gip chng ta thiFt lSp cc qu trnh #iu khi$n vng kn cn g8i l PID cho cc Ong dCng #iu khi$n ;n #Knh. Vi.c thiFt lSp ch*4ng trnh ny d)a vo hai khGi: + OB41 c chOc nHng #iu khi$n lin tCc (continuou) + OB42 c chOc nHng #iu khi$n mOc (step)
Hnh 4.5 Nhm server ch?y trn h. #iu hnh Window NT Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 51 4.2.6 S7 - GRAPH - Programming Sequential Control System Ph2n mm ny Ong dCng cho cc ch*4ng trnh m c gi@i thuSt (thuSt ton) d*3i d?ng tu2n t) (Sequential) viFt d*3i d?ng graph m chng ta th*6ng hay g8i l ngn ng, grafcet (tham kh@o ch'*ng 1 thu:c gio trnh +i,u khi-n Logic). N l m:t d?ng ngn ng, lSp trnh ti.n lAi bn c?nh 3 ngn ng, lSp trnh c4 b@n cho PLC S7 m chng ta th*6ng hay g/p. Ti.n lAi < chM l ch*4ng trnh ngPn g8n, hon ton bYng #I h8a, c th$ chuy$n m:t cch dZ dng t*4ng Ong tE d?ng l*u #I thuSt ton V dC v vi.c quan st tr?ng thi tn hi.u cQa cc #Ka ch& thu:c vng nh3 vo, ra v cc bit nh3 < cc vng khc:
Trong b*3c trn, tr?ng thi cQa tn hi.u trong qu trnh ho?t #:ng cQa ch*4ng trnh l #*Ac hi$n thK. Tr?ng thi cQa tn hi.u t*4ng Ong v3i cc #Ka ch& (vo, ra v cc #Ka ch& nh3 khc) l #*Ac xc #Knh t?i vK tr nh,ng d=u ch=m h[i (???) cQa cc ho?t #:ng m:t cch ring l^. Riu ny c nghWa l khng hon ton cc ho?t #:ng cQa cc b*3c l #*Ac hi$n thK. R/c bi.t cc #Ka ch& d?ng Boolean l #*Ac hi$n thK trong tr?ng thi ny. Gi trK cc #Ka ch& khc #*Ac hi$n thK chi tiFt trong cQa s; cQa b@ng #Ka ch&. NFu c kha lin #:ng #*Ac g8i th kha #=y khng hi$n thK tr?ng thi. Bn d*3i l m:t v dC #$ m t@ vi.c lSp trnh tu2n t*h thng qua ngn ng, lSp trnh Graph ny. Phn ny s# &'(c trnh by k+ h)n trong cc chuyn &- &i-u khi.n cc qu trnh cng ngh0!
Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 52
4.2.7 S7 - DIAG - Configurating Proccess Diagnotics S7 PDIAG #*Ac sB dCng #$ t?o ra nh,ng #Knh nghWa lMi, t?o cho ng*6i sB dCng ti.n lAi trong qu trnh gim st h. thGng. Qa trnh chuUn #on ny sJ xc #Knh ki$u thng tin v lMi, vK tr lMi v cc c@nh bo cQa lMi. Nh,ng d, li.u cQa chuUn #on l thng tin quan tr8ng gip cho vi.c xB l s) cG. Nh,ng thuSn lAi m ch*4ng trnh ny mang l?i: - LMi qu trnh (Process errors) c th$ #*Ac nhSn ra r rng v nhanh chng. - Gi@m b3t th6i gian dEng h. thGng do lMi do # sJ tHng #*Ac nHng su=t. - Nh,ng thhng tin r rng #*Ac t?o ra cho qu trnh xB l s) cG (troubleshooting) lm cho qu trnh xB l sJ tr< nn dZ dng h4n. - Tu;i th8 cQa h. thGng #*Ac tHng ln #ng k$. 4.2.8 Setting the PG-PC Interface B=t cO my tnh no tham gia vo m?ng #i h[i ph@i c m:t giao di.n m?ng #*Ac thiFt lSp. Ph2n mm ny sJ gip ng*6i sB dCng t?o ra nh,ng giao di.n #$ th)c hi.n cc kFt nGi t*4ng Ong vo cc m?ng khc nhau nh* (PPI, MPI, PROFIBUS, ETHERNET). 4.2.9 TI 405 - S7 Converting TI File Ch*4ng trnh TISOFT405 #*Ac l*u tr, m:t ho/c nhiu file. Nh,ng file
Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 53 ny #*Ac #Knh d?ng trong m:t th* vi.n cQa DOS. Chng khng ph@i l nh,ng file vHn b@n. Vi.c l*u tr, NAME cQa ch*4ng trnh TISOFT405 l #*Ac lin kFt v3i m:t file NAME.VPU. Nh,ng file khc nh* l NAME.CMT cVng #*Ac lin kFt v3i ch*4ng trnh NAME. Qa trnh chuy$n #;i #i h[i ph@i #8c thng tin tE cc file lin kFt v t?o ra nh,ng file text t*4ng #*4ng v3i nh,ng l.nh cQa STEP 7. Nh* vSy #2u ra cQa cc file text l #2u vo cQa STEP 7 Program Editor. Ban #2u sau khi chuy$n, ch*4ng trnh ny < d?ng statementlist, sau # chng ta c th$ chuy$n sang d?ng LAD ho/c FBD nFu c th$. Nh* vSy ch*4ng trnh ny ch& c nghWa khi cc b?n muGn chuy$n file #*Ac thiFt lSp trn nh,ng PLC qu cV t?i cc nh my m sB dCng thiFt bK cQa hng Siemens (c th$ xem nh* l #6i STEP 4) sang ngn ng, lSp trnh STEP 7 #$ c th$ thao tc tr)c tiFp nh*: thay #;i #Ka ch&, nng c=p ch*4ng trnh hay nng c=p CPU 4.2.10 TI 505 - S7 Converting TI File Ch*4ng trnh ny cVng c mCc #ch giGng nh* ch*4ng trnh #*Ac trnh by < mCc 4.2.1.9 nh*ng #Gi v3i #6i STEP 5. 4.2.11 NetPro - Configuring Networks Ch*4ng trnh ny l ch*4ng trnh quan tr8ng nh=t trong t=t c@ cc ch*4ng trnh #*Ac nu ra trn #y. N gip cho chng ta c th$ thiFt lSp c=u hnh cQa m?ng truyn thng (SCADA ho/c DCS) sB dCng cc th* vi.n thiFt bK v chuUn giao thOc # #*Ac xy d)ng s_n trn #. Ph2n ny sJ trnh by k` trong ch*4ng 5. 4.3 M hnh h5 th6ng PCS 7: C th$ ni PCS 7 l m:t triFt l v m:t h. thGng #iu khi$n, n t?o ra nh,ng Ong dCng cho b: #iu khi$n logic lSp trnh #*Ac (PLC), Ong dCng cho h. thGng xB l qu trnh. N l h. c4 b@n cQa SIMATIC S7. PCS 7 l m:t h. thGng chuUn v c=u trc do # c th$ xy d)ng m:t h. thGng c gi@i php t) #:ng < c=p th=p, trung bnh ho/c c=p cao. TE c=p #4n gi@n #Fn c=p phOc t?p nh=t m cc nh my yu c2u. Ni chung PCS 7 l h. thGng t) #:ng ha qu trnh mm d^o, cung c=p gi@i php m:t cch ty ch8n cho ng*6i sB dCng. 1i-u ny s# mang l3i nh4ng 'u &i.m n5i b7t nh': - Cng m:t ph2n cOng sB dCng trong nh my v PLC v #iu khi$n qu trnh. - SIMATIC 7 # cSp #Fn s) kFt hAp #$ t?o nn m:t h. thGng T) #:ng ha di.n r:ng. - S) phn bG cQa h. SIMATIC 7 trn ton thF gi3i l m:t minh chOng cho vi.c lPp #/t, dKch vC v b@o d*Tng cQa n. - Tnh an ton cao v #Ing b:. Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 54
4.3.1 Tr?m Engineering System (ES): TE tr?m ES ny, ng*6i sB dCng c th$ thiFt lSp, thay #;i cc thng sG cQa cc tr?m #*Ac kFt nGi vo trong m?ng. Th*6ng trong cc nh my cT trung bnh v l3n #u c cc tr?m ES ny. Ngoi nh,ng chOc nHng trn, tr?m ES cn c th$ ch?y cc gi ph2n mm c=u thnh nn tr?m OS. SIMATIC PCS 7 cung c=p m:t gi@i php ES ton di.n cho vi.c thiFt lSp c=u hnh cho t3i gim st h. thGng PCS, hM trA cho vi.c xB l cc d) n nh my v m?ng di.n r:ng.
Hnh 4.7 M hnh mXu cQa h. thGng PCS 7 Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 55 4.3.2 H5 th6ng giao di5n v*n hnh OS (Operator Interface System): Trong h. thGng PCS 7, giao di.n vSn hnh hay cn g8i l HMI (Human Mechain Interface) c4 b@n l trn WinCC (Windows Control Center). H. thGng c nh,ng ki$u sau: - Stand-alone-system - Multi-user-system
Stand-alone-system:
Hnh 4.8 Gi3i h?n m tr?m ES c th$ qu@n l #*Ac
Hnh 4.9 M hnh kFt nGi cQa h. thGng Stand-alone v Multi-user Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 56 H. thGng Stand-alone l h. thGng m:t knh, h. thGng # #*Ac kFt nGi t3i h. thGng bus thng qua m #un giao di.n CP. NFu tr*6ng hAp nhiu h4n m:t knh #*Ac yu c2u, th vi h. thGng Stand-alone #*Ac cung c=p, #y l s) kFt nGi mm d^o trn cng m:t h. thGng bus m mMi tr?m OS lm vi.c cho chnh n, #iu ny c nghWa l khng c s) lo?i trE lXn nhau gi,a cc OS Stand-alone. Multi-user-system: H. thGng Multi-user bao gIm vi OS client, #iu # c nghWa l d, li.u sJ #*Ac cung c=p tE m:t OS server thng qua terminal bus (bus #2u cuGi). Bus ny l bus Ethernet, n #:c lSp v3i bus h. thGng v #*Ac sB dCng ring bi.t cho nh,ng ki$u truyn thng sau:
- OS server b OS client
Hnh 4.10 KFt nGi gi,a hai OS Stand-alone trn cng h. thGng bus
Hnh 4.11 C=u hnh cQa h. thGng Multi-user Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 57 - OS server b Engineering system - OS server b Host computer OS server chKu trch nhi.m trao #;i d, li.u gi,a PLC v3i cc OS client, #Ing th6i c nhi.m vC l*u tr, phn chia nhi.m vC, mOc #: truy cSp H. thGng Multi-user l c=u hnh c4 b@n cQa client-server. D)a theo nguyn tPc c=u hnh cQa client-server, OS cQa PCS 7 c th$ #*Ac c2u hnh theo cc nguyn tPc sau: - Client ho/c - Multiclient l ty thu:c vo yu c2u. KiDn trc Client-Server: l kiFn trc #*Ac c=u thnh b<i vi OS client trn m:t OS server. Server # chKu trch nhi.m tryun thng v3i cc PLC thng qua bus h. thGng. M:t OS server cQa h. thGng PCS 7 c th$ cung c=p t3i 16 OS client. Server ny cVng c th$ #*Ac c=u hnh theo h. d) phng (redundant). KiDn trc Server - Multi-Client: Multi-client l nh,ng client c th$ truy cSp d, li.u (d, li.u d) n, gi trK cQa cc biFn qu trnh hay nhSt k vSn hnh) #Ing th6i cQa vi OS server khc nhau. Ngoi ra cVng cn c th$ c=u hnh theo d, li.u cCc b: (c nghWa l ch& cung c=p #*Ac cho vi OS client nh=t #Knh). Cc Server ny cVng c th$ #*Ac c=u hnh theo h. d) phng (redundant). H5 th6ng phn tn (Distributed System): KiFn trc multi-client cVng c th$ t?o ra m:t h. thGng phn tn trn cc server, nghWa l nhi.m vC cQa cc server c th$ #@m nhi.m theo tEng cng #o?n cQa nh my (trong tr*6ng hAp #Gi v3i nh,ng nh my l3n). H. thGng phn tn ny t*4ng xOng v3i h. thGng c=p bSc trong c=u hnh PLC. Riu thuSn lAi cQa h. thGng phn tn l mMi cng #o?n cQa nh my #*Ac ho?t #:ng #:c lSp, kFt qu@ l n t?o nn nh,ng h. thGng c tc vC #iu khi$n l3n v phOc t?p h4n nhiu so v3i cc h. thGng thng th*6ng (v dC nh* nh my l8c ha d2u, xi mHng). PCS 7 hM trA multi-client truy cSp ln t3i 6 server, trong # m:t server c th$ #@m nhi.m t3i 16 client ho/c multi-client. Nh,ng stand-alone v multi-client c th$ sB dCng cng v3i nhau.
PhGn m3m Ai3u khiLn qu trnh trn cc OS: Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 58 Ph2n mm #iu khi$n qu trnh #*Ac t?o ra bYng cch sB dCng WinCC. Ph2n mm ny cung c=p cc chOc nHng cho nh,ng tc vC #iu khi$n qu trnh hon h@o. Riu ny sJ tiFt ki.m r=t nhiu th6i gian cho cc k` s* h. thGng.
4.3.3 Bus h5 th6ng sM d:ng vFi PCS 7: H. thGng #iu khi$n qu trnh PCS 7 SIMATIC sB dCng cc m?ng truyn thng cng nghi.p SIMATIC NET. T=t c@ cc s@n phUm SIMATIC NET # v #ang #*Ac pht tri$n m:t cch #/c bi.t cho cc ngnh cng nghi.p. Chng # #*Ac chng minh nh,ng kh@ nHng #/c bi.t cQa mnh d*3i tc #:ng cQa #i.n tE tr*6ng, s) xm h?i cQa ch=t l[ng v p su=t, mi tr*6ng nhiZm, ch=t ha h8c ... Nh,ng bus h. thGng tE h8 gia #nh SIMATIC NETWORK v3i h. thGng #iu khi$n qu trnh PCS 7:. - Fast Industrial Ethernet - Industrial Ethernet (SINEC H1) - PROFIBUS (FMS) - PROFIBUS-DP - PROFIBUS-PA - AS-Interface H. thGng cc bus ny d)a trn c4 s< truyn thng tin bYng tn hi.u #i.n v quang, Nh,ng mi tr*6ng sau #y #*Ac sB dCng v3i PCS 7: - Cp #i dy v/n xoPn ITP (Industrial Twisted Pair) - Cp #Ing trCc (Triaxial/coaxial cable)_Ch& sB dCng cho Ethernet 10Mbps - Cp quang (Fiber-optic cable)
Hnh 4.12 Mn hnh giao di.n trn OS client thng qua WinCC Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 59 Bus h. thGng #*Ac xem nh* #*6ng x*4ng sGng cQa h. thGng #iu khi$n qu trnh (v n kFt nGi t=t t=t c@ cc thnh ph2n nh* PLC, ES, OS). Cc bus h. thGng n;i bSc: - Fast Industrial - Industrial Ethernet - PROFIBUS S) thay #;i ki$u bus, kiFn trc, mi tr*6ng #*Ac hM trA m:t cch mm d^o. Cc thng sG c4 b@n trn cc h. thGng bus ny: - SG tr?m kFt nGi tE hai #Fn vi trHm tr?m - Kho@ng cch tE 50 m #Fn 150 km - TGc #: tE 1.5 Mbps #Fn 100 Mbps - ChKu #*Ac nhiZu #i.n tE v tiFng In - C th$ kFt nGi theo h. d) phng (redundancy) Industrial Ethernet: Industrial Ethernet (SINEC H1) l bus h. thGng d) kiFn cho SIMATIC PCS 7. Industrial Ethernet d)a theo chuUn IEEE 802.3. V3i tGc #: truyn d, li.u ln t3i 10 Mbps v3i vi trHm tr?m c th$ #*Ac kFt nGi vo bus ny. Bus Industrial Ethernet c th$ #*Ac kFt nGi v3i cc thnh ph2n cQa h. thGng PCS 7 nh* sau: - Cc PLC (thng qua m #un giao di.n truyn thng CP 343-1 #Gi v3i S7 300 ho/c CP 443-1 #Gi v3i S7 400) - OS Server, stand-alone OS, ES, client thng qua giao di.n l card m?ng CP 1613 M Aun OLM (Optical Link Module): OLM r=t thuSn lAi trong c=u hnh m?ng Ethernet cng nghi.p. N cho php b?n kFt nGi kiFn trc m?ng m:t cch mm d^o thng qua 3 kFt nGi #i dy v/n xoPn ITP (industrial twisted pair) v hai kFt nGi cp quang (fiber-optic cable). Thng qua b: OLM ny b?n c th$ t?o ra cc kFt nGi d) phng #$ nng cao #: an ton cQa h. thGng thng qua cc kFt nGi #i.n ho/c quang, sau #y l
Hnh 4.13 KFt nGi sB dCng m #un OLM trong h. thGng redundant Ethernet Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 60 m:t v dC: Ngoi Ethernet ra cn c Fast Ethernet, trong bus ny tGc #: truyn d, li.u c th$ thay #;i tE 10 Mbps #Fn 100 Mbps. Ph*4ng thOc truy cSp m?ng theo CSMA/CD v sG tr?m kFt nGi vo bus ny l khng gi3i h?n. Cc mi tr*6ng truyn thng #Gi v3i bus ny c4 b@n giGng nh* Ethernet Cng ngh. chuy$n m?ch v3i OSM (Optical Switch Modules): C=u hnh chnh cQa m?ng Fast Ethernet c4 b@n d)a trn mi tr*6ng quang h8c. OSM cho php b?n c=u hnh cho m?ng Ethernet cng nghi.p v3i cng ngh. chuy$n m?ch trong mi tr*6ng ITP (tGc #: truyn ln #Fn 10 Mbps) v trong mi tr*6ng quang h8c (tGc #: ln t3i 100 Mbps). Vi.c sB dCng OSM lm #4n gi@n v thuSn ti.n trong v=n # c=u hnh m?ng m< r:ng. Trong cng m:t kho@ng th6i gian b?n c th$ b; sung m:t sG l*Ang l3n cc m?ng v3i nhiu tr?m m khng g/p ph@i v=n # kh khHn no. M:t OSM c 6 terminal cho cp #i dy v/n xoPn v 2 terminal cho cp quang (OSM m t@ < #y v3i version 2, cn cc version tiFp theo b?n #8c c th$ tra cOu thm khi sB dCng n).
Chng ta c th$ phGi hAp gi,a m #un OLM v3i m #un OSM trong h. thGng d) phng d?ng vng v3i nhiu c=p bSc, d*3i #y l v dC v s) phGi hAp ny:
Hnh 4.14 M t@ kFt nGi sB dCng m #un OSM trong h. thGng redundant Ethernet Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 61
Hnh 4.15 H. thGng c=p bSc c s) phGi hAp gi,a OLM v OSM Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 62
Frofibus: SB dCng bus Frofibus lm bus h. thGng cho nh,ng Ong dCng c c=p #: tE nh[ #Fn trung bnh v3i yu c2u ch=t l*Ang #iu khi$n kh cao. Vi.c sB dCng Frofibus lm bus h. thGng b?n c th$ kFt nGi t3i 9 nt/tr?m t3i PCS 7. TGc #: truyn d, li.u trong bus ny tE 9.6 kbps #Fn 1.5 Mbps, chuUn giao thOc sB dCng trn bus Profibus l FMS T=t c@ cc thnh ph2n cQa PCS 7 #u c th$ #*Ac kFt nGi t3i bus h. thGng Profibus d)a trn cc ph*4ng thOc sau: - Trung tm #iu khi$n logic lSp trnh #*Ac (PLCs) thng qua m #un giao di.n CP 343-3 (#Gi v3i S7 300) v CP 443-5 #Gi v3i S7 400 - OS v ES thng qua card giao di.n CP 5412 A2 Mi tr*6ng truyn thng: - Ri dy v/n xoPn - Cp quang (c s) kFt hAp v3i m #un OLM) R$ tHng #: tin cSy cho h. thGng, kFt nGi redundant cVng c th$ #*Ac th)c hi.n trong bus ny. 4.3.4 KDt n6i bus tr.Nng (Field Bus) trong h5 th6ng PCS 7: Nhu c2u v s) trao #;i d, li.u gi,a cc thiFt bK #iu khi$n logic kh@ trnh v3i cc thiFt bK vo/ra phn tn cVng nh* cc thiFt bK tr*6ng thng minh l r=t l3n, h. thGng cc bus tr*6ng # lm gi@m th6i gian v #: phOc t?p cho cc k` s* h. thGng trong qu trnh lPp #/t, b@o d*Tng v khPc phCc s) cG. N r=t thuSn lAi trong truyn thng sG cVng nh* mang #Fn cc gi@i php cao cho vi.c #o l*6ng cc gi trK, nHng l)c chuUn #on h. thGng, =n #Knh cc gi trK tE xa. C cc bus tr*6ng sau: - Profibus-DP - Profibus-PA - AS-Interface - HART (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer)
Hnh 4.16 KFt nGi h. thGng cc bus tr*6ng trong PCS 7 Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 63 B?n c th$ l)a ch8n bus tr*6ng m:t cch mm d^o ty theo yu c2u Ong dCng cQa b?n. V3i Profibus-PA #*Ac t?o ra #$ phCc vC cho nh,ng n4i c mi tr*6ng nguy hi$m (nhi.t #: v p su=t cao). Profibus-DP: Trong h. thGng PCS 7, Profibus-DP #*Ac tiu chuUn ha #$ sB dCng cho kFt nGi t3i cc m #un phn tn, # l m #un ET 200M cVng nh* cc thiFt bK tr*6ng. Profibus-DP cho php b?n kFt nGi t3i 32 tr?m trn m:t #*6ng DP (DP- line), v3i tGc #: tuyn ln #Fn 12 Mbps. Trong m:t sG PLC S7 300, S7 400 # #*Ac tch hAp giao di.n Profibus- DP, cc PLC cn l?i muGn kFt nGi t3i Profibus-DP ph@i thng qua cc m #un giao di.n CP (v dC nh*: CP 343-5, CP443-5). PCS 7 hM trA tGi #a t3i 9 DP-line trn b: #iu khi$n trung tm (S7 400). Mi tr*6ng truyn c th$ l #i dy v/n xoPn ho/c l cp quang. B?n c th$ c=u hnh h. thGng redundant cho Profibus-DP thng qua PLC S7-417H. M Aun phn tn ET 200M: Ni v h. thGng cc bus tr*6ng khng th$ khng ni t3i vai tr r=t quan tr8ng trong v=n # #iu khi$n th. thGng cc thiFt bK tr*6ng thng qua m #un phn tn ET 200M. Trong suGt qu trnh vSn hnh, cc thiFt bK < c=p tr*6ng ho/c cc m #un phn tn #*Ac cung c=p d, li.u. Chnh nh,ng thiFt bK ny # lm gi@m #ng k$ cc khGi d, li.u truyn thng gi,a thiFt bK tr*6ng, m #un phn tn v3i cc b: #iu khi$n PLC. Trong qu trnh c=u hnh thiFt bK tr*6ng, cc khGi #*Ac thay thF dZ dng nh6 vo cc khGi chOc nHng dnh ring CFC /FSC chart. Nh,ng khGi ny #*Ac cung c=p b<i th* vi.n cc khGi thiFt bK tr*6ng (Field Device Blocks) cQa PCS 7. Cc thiFt bK tr*6ng ny #*Ac qu@n l b<i ph2n mm qu@n l thiFt bK tr*6ng (Process Device Manager software) #*Ac tch hAp cho ES. KFt nGi redundant #Gi v3i ET 200M:
Hnh 4.17 KFt nGi redundant trong Profibus-DP Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 64 Trong nh my yu c2u c=u trc d) phng (redundant) th h. thGng cc m #un vo/ra phn tn ET 200M #*Ac sB dCng cho mCc #ch ny thng qua bus Profibus-DP. B?n sB dCng m #un giao di.n IM 153 v3i nHng l)c d) phng ghp nGi v3i ET 200M #$ th)c hi.n kFt nGi t3i PLC S7 417H thng qua 2 #*6ng bus Profibus-DP. NFu m:t #*6ng bK lMi th h. thGng sJ t) #:ng chuy$n m?ch sang #*6ng cn l?i (nFu #*6ng ny vXn cn nguyn vcn) #$ thay thF. Profibus-PA: Profibus-PA l chuUn giao thOc IEC 1158-2 truyn thng m< r:ng t*4ng thch v3i Profibus-DP. BYng cng ngh. truyn dXn #/c bi.t n c th$ lm vi.c trong nh,ng vng c mi tr*6ng nguy hi$m (Siemens quy *3c vng ny l vng 1). V3i Profibus-PA, b: pht v c4 c=u ch=p hnh trong vng nguy hi$m c th$ truyn thng v3i cc thiFt bK #iu khi$n nh* PLC < kho@ng cch xa. Thng tin v nguIn cung c=p #*Ac truyn #i bYng 2 dy cp, thng th*6ng l cp ITP. B?n c th$ kFt nGi t3i 30 thiFt bK tr*6ng #Gi v3i vng khng nguy hi$m v 10 thiFt bK tr*6ng #Gi v3i nguIn nguy hi$m trn m:t #o?n (segment) bus Profibus-PA.. TGc #: truyn d, li.u 31.25 kbps. C hai cch kDt n6i Profibus-PA vFi Profibus-DP: - DP/PA coupler - DP/PA link Ph.0ng php cKu hnh vFi DP/PA Coupler: DP/PA Coupler khng c #Ka ch& (c nghWa l b?n khng c2n ph@i thiFt lSp #Ka ch& cho n khi c=u hnh h. thGng). MMi tr?m PA #*Ac xem l m:t DP slave v do # n nhSn m:t #Ka ch& trong c=u hnh cQa bus DP. TGc #: truyn cQa Profibus-DP ph@i t*4ng thch v3i Profibus-PA. Ph.0ng php cKu hnh vFi DP/PA link: DP/PA link bao gIm m #un #2u cuGi IM 157 v m:t hay nhiu DP/PA coupler. DP/PA link l m:t DP slave v do # ph@i c #Ka ch& bus cho n. B?n c th$ kFt nGi t3i 5 DP/PA coupler t3i m:t DP/PA link. Do DP/PA link #*Ac b; sung cng ngh. truyn dXn decoupling gi,a DP v PA do # no nng tGc #: truyn dXn ln t3i 12 Mbps trn Profibus-DP. KDt n6i redundant vFi Profibus-PA: B?n c th$ c=u hnh redundant cho vi.c truyn dXn gi,a Profibus-DP t3i
Hnh 4.18 KFt nGi gi,a DP v PA thng qua DP/PA link v DP/PA Coupler Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 65 Profibus-PA., trong # DP/PA link c nHng l)c redundant l #*Ac kFt nGi t3i h. thGng Profibus-DP master. AS-Interface (Actuator/Sensor): AS-i l m:t m?ng cho c@m biFn v c4 c=u ch=p hnh trong gi3i h?n c=p tr*6ng th=p nh=t. dng dCng chnh cQa bus AS-i l truyn m:t l*Ang nh[ thng tin nh* l m:t b: chuy$n m?ch. MMi AS-i slave c th$ truyn thng m:t l*Ang 4 bit. KFt nGi AS-i v3i h. thGng PCS 7 theo nguyn tPc master-slave, c@m biFn v c4 c=u ch=p hnh #ng vai tr nh* l cc slave #*Ac #iu khi$n b<i master. RGi v3i PCS 7, cc thnh ph2n sau #y #*Ac sB dCng #$ kFt nGi AS-i: - AS-Interface CP 342 master cho ET 200M - DP/AS interface link cho kFt nGi gi,a AS-i v3i Profibus-DP. M #un xB l truyn thng CP 342-2 l m #un master cQa AS-i. M Aun CP 342-2 Ang vai tr l master cEa AS-i: R*Ac sB dCng #$ kFt nGi AS-i v3i m #un ET 200M. Truyn thng ny khng c2n ph@i c=u hnh trong ph2n mm c=u hnh h. thGng v dy nGi khng #i h[i ph@i cG #Knh. Nh,ng #/c tnh ny lm cho chng ta dZ dng khi thay #;i m #un. M #un CP 342-2 chiFm m:t slot trn rack lPp #/t cho m #un phn tn ET 200M. Chng ta c th$ #*a vo tGi #a l 4 m #un CP 342-2 vo trong mMi m #un ET 200M. DP/AS-i Link: R*Ac sB dCng #$ kFt nGi tr)c tiFp AS-i v3i Profibus-DP. Trong tr*6ng hAp ny b? c th$ xem AS-i nh* l n:t subnet cQa Profibus-DP. B?n c th$ kFt nGi tGi #a 31 AS-i slave vo b: DP/AS-Interface link. Chnh v #/c #i$m ny Profibus-DP master c t3i 31 m #un slave.
Hnh 4.19 M hnh kFt nGi AS-i master v3i c@m biFn v c4 c=u ChfP hnh Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 66 4.3.5 B@ Ai3u khiLn logic kh1 trnh (PLC): Trong h. thGng SIMATIC PCS 7, S7-400 lm nn t@n tiu bi$u cho h. thGng t) #:ng ha qu trnh trong cc nh my. R*Ac thiFt kF chuUn v kh@ nHng c=u hnh cVng nh* kh@ nHng xB l l sOc m?nh cQa S7-400, kh@ nHng truyn thng v3i m:t l*Ang l3n v3i cc #Gi tc, chOc nHng tch hAp h. thGng. Kh@ nHng #iu khi$n cCc b: v tE xa r=t thch hAp v3i h. thGng SIMATIC PCS 7. SIMATIC PCS7 #*Ac c=u trc chuUn tE m:t sG thnh ph2n cQa PLC SIMATIC S7-400. Nh,ng CPU thch hAp #*Ac cung c=p cho nh,ng Ong dCng khc nhau d)a vo yu c2u v gi thnh v nh,ng ti.n ch cQa n nh*: - CPU-414-3 - CPU-414-3H - CPU-416-2 - CPU-416-3 - CPU-417-4 - CPU-417-4H PLC S7-414 #*Ac thiFt kF t*4ng Ong cho nh,ng Ong dCng nh[ t*4ng Ong v3i kh@ nHng v d, li.u cQa d) n < c=p #: nh[. PLC S7-416 #*Ac thiFt kF t*4ng Ong cho nh,ng Ong dCng trung bnh t*4ng Ong v3i kh@ nHng v d, li.u cQa d) n < c=p #: trung bnh. PLC S7-417, #@m nhSn nh,ng ti.n ch < c=p #: cao nh=t cQa d) n, n #*Ac thiFt kF #/c bi.t cho nh,ng d, n c mOc #: yu c2u v tGc #:, ti.n ch kFt nGi cVng nh* l)ng d, li.u r=t cao cQa d) n. Ngoi ra b?n cVng c th$ #*a cc S7-300 vo trong h. thGng PCS 7 nh,ng v3i nh,ng c=p #: th=p h4n cho nh,ng h. thGng #iu khi$n c=p th=p. CKu hnh cho b@ Ai3u khiLn trung tm S7-400: - B: #iu khi$n trung gIm c nh,ng thnh ph2n sau: - Rack cho S7-400 v3i 9 ho/c 18 slot (t*4ng Ong v3i 9 ho/c 18 m #un thnh ph2n #*Ac lPp #/t vo vK tr ny) - M:t CPU - NguIn cung c=p c hai lo?i: 24 VDC ho/c 115/230 VAC - B: nh3: 768 Kbyte/1600 Kbyte/3200 Kbyte/4000 Kbyte - SRAM: 1 Mbyte/2 Mbyte/4 Mbyte - License gi3i h?n th6i gian cho PCS 7 (Nh,ng khGi Driver cho PCS 7)
Hnh 4.20 KFt nGi Profibus-DP t3i thnh ph2n trung tm Chng 4. Gii thiu h thng SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 67 M:t sG m #un CP 443 #*Ac yu c2u cho kFt nGi tE thnh ph2n trung tm t3i h. thGng (c th$ l kFt nGi cho Ethernet hay Profibus). Thng th*6ng b?n kFt nGi trung tm v3i cc m #un phn tn thng qua Profibus-DP, do # c2n ph@i #*a m #un CP vo cc rack trung tm. B?n c th$ #*a tE 4 #Fn 10 m #un CP 443-5 vo rack trung tm #$ t?o ra tE 4 #Fn 10 giao di.n Profibus-DP t*4ng Ong. Xem hnh bn d*3i: Ngoi cc m #un cho Ong dCng truyn thng b?n cn c th$ #*a thm cc m #un tn hi.u, m #un chOc nHng vo cc vK tr cn l?i cQa rack trung tm cVng nh* rack m< r:ng cQa S7-400. Xem hnh bn d*3i:
Hnh 4.21 C=u hnh cQa rack trung tm
Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 68 CH!NG 5 THI"T L%P D( N TRN N)N SIMATIC PCS 7
Thit l$p c'u hnh ph(n c)ng (t,ng tr.m) Thit l$p c'u hnh m.ng T.o h/ th0ng cc c'p b$c cho nh my L$p trnh cc kh0i ch)c n2ng ng*4i dng v cc kh0i trao 67i thng tin; ki9m tra v l$p ti li/u Thit l$p d: n
Tnh ch;n s0 l*<ng I/O v ki9u module =n 6@nh cc knh tn hi/u v 6Bt tn t*<ng tr*ng cho chng L$p bCng k ho.ch 6i dy giEa sensors/actualtors v cc tr.m PLC L:a ch;n v quyt 6@nh ki9u m.ng v c'u trc m.ng. Cc kt n0i giEa cc tr.m SIMATIC vGi nhau v giEa cc tr.m SIMATIC vGi cc tr.m 6iHu khi9n qu trnh Xy d:ng cc bin d:a vo s: li/t k cc bin v m tC 6(y 6I cc qu trnh (l$p k ho.ch khC thi, s0 l*<ng PLC, Tr.m v$n hnh, cc thnh ph(n khc)
Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 69
T.o CFC charts (charts module) SK dLng ch)c n2ng Import/Export Assistant (IEA) 69 t.o module Template cho cc 6i9m 6o l*4ng. Ki9m tra v l$p ti li/u cho cc module. MBt cc kh0i v cc module vo trong th* vi/n 6 t.o 6*<c T.o cc CFC chart vGi vi/c sK dLng cc IEA model N trn; Bin d@ch v download tGi PLC T.o cc kh0i SFC chart (sequential control systems) v download chng tGi PLC C'u hnh cho cc tr.m OS: T.o cc b)c tranh qu trnh, cc b)c tranh thng bo message, cc 6O th@ (curve) v cc bCng nh$t k (archive) Kt n0i dE li/u giEa OS v PLC Sao chp cc dE li/u c(n thit t, ES v 6*a vo cc OS; Tin hnh khNi 6Png OS LBp l.i qu trnh trn 69 ki9m tra vi l(n Tin hnh ki9m tra tn hi/u v hi/u chQnh t,ng cCm bin, ch'p hnh v cc qu trnh trn b)c tranh qu trnh
Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 70 5.2 Thi6t l8p d; n: Trong ph(n ny giCi thch cc )ng dLng c5 bCn trn ES vGi nhEng ph(n mHm thnh ph(n mang tnh ch't c'p b$c (HP: Plant Hierarchy) v cc v'n 6H vH IEA (Import/Export Assistant) v m0i quan h/ giEa nhSng thnh ph(n trong ES 6. 5.2.1 Ph>n m?m ES trong SIMATIC PCS 7: VGi nhEng ph(n mHm c(n thit trn h/ th0ng ES thuPc gi ph(n mHm SIMATIC PCS 7, b.n c nhEng cng cL (tool), vGi nhEng cng cL 6'y b.n c th9 t.o c'u hnh nh my mPt cch ton di/n. M l nhEng ph(n mHm sau 6y: - Ph>n m?m STEP 7: Bao gOm SIMATIC Manager, ph(n mHm ny lm nHn tCn v l trung tm quCn l cho t't cC cc thnh ph(n cIa ES. My l hnh Cnh sinh 6Png cIa ng*4i sK dLng trn giao di/n cIa Windows NT th*4ng 6*<c sK dLng 69 quCn l cc d: n cIa nh my. - B<n c@u hnh t@t cc thi6t bA sC dDng trong h= thFng nh*: Cc rack cIa cc PLC, cc m 6un vo/ra, cc m 6un giao di/n, cc tr.m PC bTng Hardware Configuration (HW Config.). - PH v IEA: PH v IEA l nhEng gi thuPc PCS 7, chng khng phCi tch bi/t vGi cc )ng dLng trn m chi mN rPng h5n trong ph.m vi cIa SIMATIC Manager. PH v IEA hU tr< c'u hnh di/n rPng cIa qu trnh 6iHu khi9n v quCn l dE li/u cIa nh my. - CFC (Continuous Function Chart): CFC l gi ph(n mHm 6@nh h*Gng cho nh my, c'u hnh cc 6O h;a cIa tc vL t: 6Png ha. SK dLng CFC thng qua cc kh0i 6 6*<c t.o sWn (6y l gi ph(n mHm l$p trnh c c'u trc). Cc kh0i 6*<c quCn l theo nhm ty theo ch)c n2ng cIa chng trong th* vi/n, th:c hi/n l$p trnh bTng cc 6Png t ko/thC. - SFC (Sequential Function Chart): L gi ph(n mHm 6*<c c'u hnh cho h/ th0ng 6iHu khi9n tu(n t:. vGi h/ th0ng 6iHu khi9n tu(n t:, ch)c n2ng t: 6Png ha tiu c5 sN l 6*<c 6iHu khi9n trn s: thay 67i tr.ng thi v cSng c th9 ch;n l;c t, qu trnh. - Ph>n m?m c@u hnh cho OS: WinCC 6*<c sK dLng cho vi/c c'u hnh cho h/ th0ng 6iHu khi9n v gim st nh my trn nHn PCS 7. VGi ph(n mHm ny, b.n c th9 t.o ra b)c tranh qu trnh, cc bo co, cc thng bo vH h/ th0ng, 6O th@ tn hi/u, nh$t k v$n hnh. - SCL (Structured Control Language): My l ngn ngE l$p trnh gi0ng vG Pascal 69 l$p trnh cho nhEng tc vL ph)c t.p. Trn ES, n 6*<c sK dLng 69 t.o ra cc kh0i v bin d@ch cc yu c(u cIa CFC/SFC chart. 5.2.2 S; tc 19ng qua l<i giGa cc thnh ph>n: Ph(n ny cung c'p cho b.n mPt cch nhn t7ng th9 vH s: tc 6Png qua l.i Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 71 giEa c'u hnh cIa h/ th0ng c'p b$c cIa nh my, CFC chart, IEA v SFC chart trn OS. - H= thFng c@p b8c cIa nh my (PH): M*4ng dXn cIa PH vGi tn cIa 6O th@ v tn kh0i l 6*<c chuy9n 67i tGi nhEng text block "origin" (khi ngu$n d%&i d)ng text) vGi s: chuy9n 67i cIa vi/c kt n0i dE li/u giEa PLC-PC. T, 6y sY xu't hi/n cc dng thng bo (message) trn OS run-time. Tn tag N trn trnh quCn l tag cIa WinCC Explorer lm cho chng ta dZ dng quCn l v quan st PH, tn 6O th@, tn kh0i, tn cc gi tr@ khc. Nu b.n mu0n kt n0i mPt 60i t*<ng vGi mPt tag qu trnh trn b)c tranh qu trnh hoBc nh$t k v$n hnh, b.n phCi chQ r tn tag t, trnh quCn l tag. - CFC (Continuous Function Chart): Ring mUi ki9u kh0i (v dL kh0i CTRL_PID) l 6*<c l*u trE trong th* vi/n hoBc ch*5ng trnh cIa STEP 7. MUi khi b.n sao chp nhiHu kh0i ra t, nPt kh0i ban 6(u th b.n phCi 6Bt cho cc kh0i 6'y c cc tn hnh th)c khc nhau. ThuPc tnh cIa mPt 60i t*<ng trong CFC chart, b.n chQ r cc message cIa kh0i v kch chuPt vo cc bi9u t*<ng message 6. Vi/c kt n0i dE li/u 6*<c hi9n th@ cc message trn OS trong su0t qu trnh OS ho.t 6Png (run time). Trong su0t qu trnh lm vi/c, mPt tag 6*<c 6iHu khi9n v gim st lin tLc thng qua thI tLc chuy9n 67i (transfer) dE li/u lin tLc giEa OS v PLC. Cc gi tr@ nh$n 6*<c t, qu trnh c th9 6*<c l*u trE trong cc tag nPi (internal tag) trn trnh quCn l tag cIa OS, 6iHu ny sY 6Ong ngh[a vGi vi/c cc dng text sY 6*<c giCm bGi tr, nhEng text 6ang chuy9n 67i v hi9n th@ trn b)c tranh qu trnh. - IEA (Import/Export Assistant): VGi IEA, b.n t.o t: 6Png cc chart v cc kh0i thuPc tnh. B.n c th9 ty ch;n nhEng message c 6Bc 6i9m k\ thu$t ph h<p 69 t.o dE li/u cho vi/c import (nh$p nPi dung). NhEng message sau khi xu't hi/n t.i nhEng 6i9m thch h<p N trn 60i t*<ng cIa kh0i v 6*<c chuy9n 67i (transfer) tGi OS 69 m tC cho CFC. - SFC (sequential control system ): Trn SFC chart, b.n xem xt cc thng s0 cIa cIa c'u hnh CFC tr*Gc 6y trn SFC chart. NhEng cng trnh s* (nhEng ng*4i xy d:ng nn mPt c'u hnh t7ng th9) t.o ra nhEng yu c(u theo t,ng b*Gc, chuy9n 67i v 'n 6@nh cng ngh/ v 6@nh h*Gng cho tn cIa cc 60i t*<ng. VGi c'u trc cIa CFC chart theo t,ng b*Gc v cc 6i9m chuy9n 67i (xem ph,n 4.2.6) trong s5 6O trn OS 6*<c chuy9n 67i (transfer) dE li/u kt n0i giEa OS v PLC (s: ho.t 6Png 6 chng ta c th9 quan st 6*<c s: chuy9n 67i tr.ng thi thng qua s: chuy9n 67i mu s^c trn CFC). - Chuy2n 1Ji dG li=u k6t nFi giGa PLC v OS (Transferring PLC-OS Connection Data): Khi ni/m ny t*5ng 60i ph)c t.p, mPt h/ th0ng lm viHu g^n kt thnh mPt kh0i th0ng nh't v 6Ong bP th c(n phCi c vi/c chuy9n 67i dE li/u c'u hnh lin tLc mUi khi c'u hnh hay thng s0 cIa h/ th0ng c s: thay 67i, 6Bc bi/t l Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 72 giEa h/ th0ng cc PLC v h/ th0ng cc OS. DE li/u kt n0i giEa PLC v OS phCi 6*<c chuy9n 67i trong nhEng tnh hu0ng sau: Sau mUi khi thay 67i h/ th0ng c'p b$c cIa nh my (PH) Sau mUi khi thm cc chart mGi v chQ 6@nh tn cc CFC chart Sau mUi khi thm nhEng kh0i 60i t*<ng mGi v thay 67i tn kh0i Sau mUi khi thay 67i cc 65n v@ text thuPc vH bCn ch't cIa qu trnh v$n hnh Sau mUi khi thay 67i thuPc tnh cIa cc 60i t*<ng 6*<c 6iHu khi9n v gim st Sau mUi khi thay 67i cc message Sau mUi khi thay 67i hoBc l thm cc SFC chart - +c l*Kng cc thnh ph>n yu c>u cIa m9t nh my: MiHu quan tr;ng 6(u tin tr*Gc khi b^t tay vo thit k mPt h/ th0ng t: 6Png cho mPt nh my, b.n phCi 6Bt ra cc k ho.ch hay cc ph*5ng n m cc ph*5ng n 6 d:a trn c sN l qu trnh v$n hnh nh* th no, d:a vo 6y b.n c th9 *Gc l*<ng 6*<c s0 OS; m)c 6P, t0c 6P, khoCng cch v s0 tr.m tham gia kt n0i t, 6 b.n c th9 *Gc l*<ng 6*<c bus h/ th0ng sK dLng l nhEng bus no; xc 6@nh s0 l*<ng v v@ tr 6Bt cc bP 6iHu khi9n trung tm, s0 l*<ng cc m 6un vo ra t$p trung v vo ra phn tn hay yu c(u 6iHu khi9n 69 xc 6@nh lo.i m 6un phCi 6*<c tnh ton r't k\. Ngoi ra b.n cn phCi d:a vo kch c_ cIa d: n, yu c(u cIa khch hng, tnh sWn sn hay ni cch khc l h/ th0ng c 6P tin c$y cao, 6iHu ki/n vH v@ tr (6P cao) v mi tr*4ng xung quanh v@ tr d: 6@nh l^p 6Bt, tnh n2ng 6p )ng hay tnh n2ng th4i gian th:c. Ni chung cng vi/c tch h<p mPt m.ng truyHn thng cho mPt nh my l mPt cng vi/c kh kh2n v ph)c t.p, 6i h`i ng*4i thit k khng nhEng am hi9u su s^c vH mBt k\ thu$t trong cc h/ th0ng t: 6Png, am hi9u vH cng ngh/ m cn phCi ty ch;n d:a trn nhiHu ph*5ng n v tiu ch khc nhau 69 6*a ra mPt c'u hnh v,a t0i *u vH chQ cc tiu k\ th$t v kinh t. - NhGng yu c>u cho m9t d; n: Khi b.n mGi b^t 6(u c'u hnh cho mPt d: n, 6iHu 6(u tin b.n nn phn tch nhEng yu c(u 6Bc bi/t cIa d: n, b.n ch^c ch^n rTng t't cC nhEng kha c.nh v nhEng 6iHu ki/n 6 6*<c suy xt 6n trn nhEng c5 sN trit l v hi/u quC vH mBt c'u hnh. Trong su0t qu trnh c'u hnh, c r't nhiHu kh0i v ki9u kh0i khc nhau trong th* vi/n cIa b.n. V v$y b.n phCi ch^c ch^n rTng chQ c mPt version cIa ph(n mHm sK dLng 69 c'u hnh cho h/ th0ng trong su0t qu trnh xy d:ng d: n. NhEng ki9u kh0i l$p trnh khc nhau sY d'n 6n s: xung 6Pt nu ch*5ng trnh cIa b.n 6*<c 6iHu khi9n v gim st trn cng mPt OS. 5.3 C@u hnh ph>n cLng (Hardware Configuring): C'u hnh mPt tr.m l vi/c th9 hi/n ton bP c'u trc cIa tr.m 6. VGi c'u hnh ph(n c)ng, b.n chQ 6@nh r s0 cIa cc rack, s0 l*<ng rack v 'n 6@nh 6@a chQ cIa cc khe c^m (slot) ty theo c'u trc th:c t cIa tr.m. B.n c'u hnh tham s0 cho cc m 6un vo ra t$p trung v cc m 6un vo ra phn tn. Khi bP 6iHu khi9n khC l$p trnh b^t 6(u khNi 6Png th vi/c 6(u tin l CPU phCi th:c hi/nn so snh c'u hnh quCn l bn trong h/ 6iHu hnh cIa CPU vGi c'u hnh th:c t cIa Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 73 ph(n c)ng 6*<c l^p 6Bt cho tr.m. Nu c s: t*5ng phCn th CPU sY tm ngay l$p t)c v thng bo sY 6*<c bo hi/u v 6*5ng nhin l h/ th0ng sY khng th9 tip tLc ho.t 6Png thm nEa. 5.3.1 Gi+i thi=u ph>n m?m NetPro - Configuring Networks: Ph(n mHm ny 6 6*<c giGi thi/u s5 l*<c N ch*5ng 4.2.11. Trn ph(n mHm ny, chng ta c th9 c'u hnh cho t,ng tr.m 65n la nh* S7-300, S7-400, OS, ES v lin kt cc ph(ng tK trn l.i vGi nhau thng qua cc bus truyHn thng l Ethernte, Profibus, MPI hay AS-i
- KhMi 19ng ph>n m?m: Start > Simatic > STEP 7 > NetPro - Configuring Networks. - T<o m+i m9t d; n: Vi/c t.o mGi mPt d: n khng th9 tin hnh tr:c tip trn ph(n mHm ny 6*<c, v v$y b.n phCi tin hnh theo cch sau:
Hnh 5.1 KhNi 6Png ph(n mHm NetPro - Configuring Networks Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 74 + Kh-i /0ng ph,n m1m SIMATIC Manager: Start > Simatic > SIMATIC Manager + T)o Project m&i: File > New, mPt hPp tho.i xu't hi/n, trn hPp tho.i ny b.n c th9 ch;n cc ki9u Project sau: User Project (d: n 65n), Libraries (th* vi/n) hay Multi-Project
Hnh 5.2 KhNi 6Png ph(n mHm SIMATIC Manager
Hnh 5.3 T.o mGi mPt User Project
Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 75
Hnh 5.4 (nhiHu d: n). Nu b.n ch;n User Project th ki9u cIa d: n trong hPp tho.i sY hi9n th@ t*5ng )ng l Project, 6Bt tn cho d: n cIa b.n vo Name, v dL SAMPLE, sau 6 ch;n OK. Project sY xu't hi/n cc bi9u t*<ng hnh 5.4. Nh* v$y SAMPLE chnh l d: n 6*<c sK dLng cho vi/c l*u trE dE li/u v ch*5ng trnh 6*<c t.o ra khi b.n t.o mP giCi php t: 6Png trong giGi h.n cho php. DE li/u cIa b.n l*u trE trong SAMPLE bao gOm: DE li/u c'u hnh cho ph(n c)ng v dE li/u 'n 6@nh cc tham s0 cho cc m 6un. DE li/u c'u hnh m.ng truyHn thng. Ch*5ng trnh ng*4i dng (cc m 6un ch*5ng trnh t*5ng )ng trong cc kh0i ch*5ng trnh). Nhi/m vL chnh khi t.o mPt Project l chubn b@ nhEng kh0i dE li/u v kh0i ch*5ng trnh. Vi/c b.n c(n lm tip theo l thit l$p c'u hnh cho d: n cIa b.n trn ph(n mHm NetPro - Configuring Networks. C hai cch 69 khNi 6Png ph(n mHm ny: T, trnh Start (xem hnh 5.1). Kch 6p chuPt tri vo biu t$%ng MPI(1) trn hnh 5.4 (6y l bi9u t*<ng 69 lin kt 6n ph(n mHm c'u hnh). D*Gi 6y l giao di/n cIa ph(n mHm c'u hnh cho m.ng truyHn thng N m;i c'p
Hnh 5.5 Giao di/n cIa ph(n mHm c'u hnh m.ng Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 76 6P cSng nh* c'u hnh cho t,ng thnh ph(n N trong m.ng 6. Ph(n N bn tri chnh l b)c tranh c'u hnh m b.n mu0n t.o, ph(n bn phCi l th* vi/n cc thit b@ thnh ph(n v cc m.ng thnh ph(n (hay cn g;i l subnet), thng th*4ng ph(n th* vi/n 6*<c mBc 6@nh, nu khng c b.n mN n bTng cch View > Catalog. Khi d: n cIa b.n v,a 6*<c t.o, ph(n mHm mBc 6@nh mPt subnet MPI c tn l MPI(1) 69 phn bi/t vGi cc MPI tip theo m b.n sY t.o. CSng ni thm rTng, b.n c th9 dng subnet MPI, Ethernet hay Profibus 69 lm bus h/ th0ng nhEng mUi subnet 6*<c t.o ra 69 sK dLng cho nhEng )ng dLng ring bi/t 69 t$n dLng t0i 6a hi/u su't cIa 6*4ng truyHn cSng nh* chi ph l^p 6Bt v bCo d*_ng, trong 6: Industrial Ethernet l chubn qu0c t (IEEE 802-3) sK dLng cho truyHn thng cng nghi/p thit b@ N c'p 6iHu khi9n trong ph.m vi nh` nh* m.ng LAN hay m.ng di/n rPng WAN. MPI (Multi-Point-Interface) l chubn 6*<c Siemens t.o ra 69 ki9m tra v chubn 6on h/ th0ng v l$p trnh cho cc PLC S7. PROFIBUS l chubn qu0c t (EN 50170) kt n0i m.ng thit b@ N c'p hi/n tr*4ng v m.ng di/n hcp, t tr.m tham gia. M.ng PTP (Point-To-Point) l chubn 6*<c Siemens t.o ra theo mPt giao th)c 6Bc bi/t 69 truyHn giEa hai nt (node) vGi nhau. Ngoi ra cn c AS-i nhEng khng hi9n th@ trong ny v n l mPt subnet con m chI (master) cIa n l cc m 6un g^n vo cc PLC S7 hay bP chuy9n m.ng Profibus-DP sang AS-i. T, 6y b.n c th9 6Bt nhEng tr.m thnh ph(n hay cc subnet theo cch no l ty vo d: 6@nh cIa b.n. V dL b.n c'u hnh cho mPt tr.m PLC S7-300 lo.i CPU 313 v m 6un nguOn PS 307 10A: Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 77 Kch chuPt tri vo bi9u t*<ng SIMATIC 300 trong th* vi/n, ko v thC vo trong ph(n nn tri, xem hnh bn d*Gi.
My mGi chQ mBc 6@nh cho tr.m S7-300 nh*ng ch*a cL th9 l CPU lo.i no, bao nhiu rack, m 6un nguOn, m 6un mN rPng, m 6un giao di/n, m 6un truyHn thng M9 c'u hnh cho tr.m ny b.n tip tLc kch 6p chuPt tri vo bi9u t*<ng SIMATIC 300(1) sY xu't hi/n giao di/n 69 c'u hnh ring cho tr.m ny, xem hnh 5.7. Giao di/n ny cSng t*5ng t: nh* giao di/n thit l$p m.ng nh*ng n 6*<c sK dLng 69 thit l$p c'u hnh cho t,ng tthnh ph(n trong m.ng nh*: OS, ES, Server, PG, PLC S7-200, S7-300, S7-400, cc m 6un phn tn ET200
Hnh 5.6 Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 78 Bn tri l b)c tranh c'u hnh m b.n mu0n t.o, ph(n bn phCi l th* vi/n cc thit b@ thnh ph(n 6 6*<c thit k sWn, thng th*4ng ph(n th* vi/n 6*<c mBc 6@nh, nu khng c b.n mN n bTng cch View > Catalog. Trong mLc Profile, b.n c th9 ch;n 3 d.ng th* vi/n khc nhau m trong 6 c th9 b` 6i hoBc b7 sung thm nhEng thnh ph(n t*5ng )ng ty theo )ng dLng cIa b.n, trong 6 th* vi/n Standar l th* vi/n c 6(y 6I cc thnh ph(n nh't.
Hnh 5.7 Giao di/n c'u hnh cho t,ng thnh ph(n cIa m.ng
Hnh 5.8 Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 79 d 6y b.n ch rTng, b.n 6 ch;n c'u hnh cho tr.m S7-300 nn b.n phCi ch;n cc thnh ph(n thuPc th* muc SIMATIC 300 trn cy th* mLc cIa th* vi/n. M(u tin b.n phCi 6Bt rack trong tm (mBc 6@nh (1) UR) trong th* mLc RACK 3, kch chuPt vo bi9u t*<ng Rail v ko thC vo ph(n giao di/n bn tri, xem hnh 5.8. MUi rack c t0i 6a 11 slot, slot s0 1 l v@ tr duy nh't cho m 6un nguOn PS, slot 2 cSng l v@ tr duy nh't dnh cho m 6un CPU, xem hnh 5.9. Ph(n c'u hnh cL th9 cho tr.m S7-300 sY ni k h5n N ph(n 5.3.2. Mn 6y d: n cIa b.n 6 6*<c c'u hnh, tr*Gc khi thot kh`i ch*5ng trnh ny b.n phCi th:c hi/n l*u v bin d@ch (save and complie) 69 ki9m tra lUi tr*Gc khi thot. Lc ny, d: n t: 6Png thm vo th* mLc d: n SAMPLE cIa b.n nh* hnh sau: SAMPLE Project lc ny bao gOm mPt tr.m SIMATIC 300 vGi CPU 313 v mPt subnet MPI. Bn trong SIMTIAC 300 ch)a 6:ng c'u hnh ph(n c)ng cIa tr.m (Hardware) v S7 Program. Nh% v3y ph,n m1m NetPro - Configuring Networks /%4c s5 d6ng /8 t)o ra t:t c; cc c:u hnh lin quan /<n ph,n c=ng c>a h? thng m)ng try1n thng. @8 /i su vo vi?c c:u hnh cho tBng thnh ph,n /i hDi ng%Ei tch h4p h? thng ph;i nFm bFt /%4c nguyn tFc c:u hnh cho tBng thnh ph,n (v d6 nguyn tFc c:u hnh cho S7-300, S7-400,). Cc v:n /1 ny sH /%4c trnh by - m6c 5.3.2. 5.3.2 C@u hnh cIa m9t tr<m: NhEng vi/c 6(u tin khi b^t tay vo xy d:ng c'u hnh cho mPt tr.m 6i h`i b.n phCi 'n 6@nh 6@a chQ cho tr.m v cc 6@a chQ thnh ph(n nh* m.ng MPI, Profibus hay Ethernet v mPt 6iHu nEa l phCi ch tGi 6@a chQ cao nh't cho php Hnh 5.10 Thit l$p c'u hnh cho tr.m PLC CPU 313 Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 80 69 c'u hnh cho cc tr.m trong mPt m.ng con (subnet) no 6. S5 6O bn d*Gi sY cho th'y mPt cch quan vH vi/c c'u hnh cho mPt d: n:
B.n c'u hnh cho b't c) tr.m S7-300, S7-400 no 6i h`i vi/c 6(u tin b.n phCi thit l$p cc rack tr*Gc. d S7-300 s0 rack t0i 6a cho mPt tr.m l 4 v 6*<c 6@a chQ ha t, (0)UR 6n (3)UR. S7-400 th ph)c t.p h5n, c vi lo.i rack v s0 l*<ng cSng nhiHu h5n ty lo.i CPU. Nh* v$y rack l thnh ph(n 69 l^p 6Bt cc m 6un ln 6, xem hnh v dL sau:
Hnh 5.12 C'u hnh (v dL) cho mPt h/ th0ng
Hnh 5.11 Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 81
C th9 xem xt cc thng s0 cIa thit b@ trn rack nh*: v@ tr slot, tn cc m 6un thnh ph(n, m s0 6Bt hng, 6@a chQ m.ng, 6@a chQ cIa cc vng nhG Cnh vo ra s0 v vo ra t*5ng t:. V dL cc tham cIa cc m 6un trong rack cIa S7-
Hnh 5.13 M0i quan h/ giEa rack v cc m 6un thnh ph(n Hnh 5.14 M tC tham s0 cIa cc m 6un trong rack Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 82 400: 5.3.2.1 C@u hnh cho tr<m S7-300: Cc nguyn t^c trong vi/c thit l$p c'u hnh cho S7-300: MPt tr.m PLC 6*<c hi9u l mPt m 6un CPU ghp n0i cng vGi nhiHu m 6un khc, m 6un 6Hu c mPt 6@a chQ (ngoi cc m 6un CP) l 6@a chQ cIa cc slot, m 6un CPU dng 6@a chQ ny 69 truy c$p v quCn 6n t,ng m 6un. MPt m 6un CPU c th9 quCn l 6*<c t0i 6a l 4 rack (t, rack 0 6n rack 3) vi/c thm cc rack tr.m sY khng 6*<c CPU ch'p nh$n. MUi rack t0i 6a 8 m 6un mN rPng. Nguyn tNc c@u hnh rack S7-300: - Rack 0: Slot 1: chQ c m 6un nguOn cung c'p hoBc 69 tr0ng Slot 2: chQ c m 6un CPU Slot 3: m 6un giao di/n (m 6un quCn l rack) hoBc 69 tr0ng Slot 4 6n slot 11: m 6un tn hi/u (v dL m 6un vo ra s0, vo ra t*5ng t:), m 6un ch)c n2ng (v dL m 6un 6iHu khi9n v@ tr, m 6un PID), m 6un xK l truyHn thng m.ng CP hoBc 69 tr0ng. - Rack 1 16n rack 3: Slot 1: chQ c m 6un nguOn cung c'p hoBc 69 tr0ng Slot 2: 69 tr0ng Slot 3: m 6un giao di/n Slot 4 6n slot 11: m 6un tn hi/u, m 6un ch)c n2ng hay m 6un truyHn thng ty thuPc vo m 6un giao di/n 6*<c ch;n
Cc rack kt n0i l.i vGi nhau thng qua m 6un giao di/n quCn l mUi rack, trong 6 rack 0 l rack trung tm , cn rack 1 6n rack 3 l rack mN rPng. ChQ c m 6un c ch)c n2ng gNi nh$n chI 6Png mGi 6*a vo slot s0 3 trong rack trung tm, cn cc m 6un gNi nh$n thL 6Png th 6Bt vo slot th) 3 trong cc rack cn l.i. V dL bn d*Gi th m 6un IM 360S chQ 6*<c 6Bt vo slot 3 trn rack trung tm v IM 360R th 6Bt vo slot 3 trn cc rack cn l.i. M0i vGi m 6un PS CPU IM SM SM 1 2 3 4 11 Rack 0 IM SM SM 3 4 11 Rack 1 IM SM SM 3 4 11 Rack 2 IM SM SM 3 4 11 Rack 3 Hnh 5.15 C'u hnh tr.m S7-300 Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 83 365S-R, chQ 6*<c t0i 6a 2 rack l 1 rack trung tm v mPt rack mN rPng (cC hai 6Hu sK dLng 365S-R vo slot s0 3). C mPt s0 CPU chQ c'u hnh duy nh't mPt rack trung tm (v dL CPU 313). D*Gi 6y l c'u hnh cho mPt tr.m S7-300 6(y 6I, vi/c thao tc trn ph(n mHm c'u hnh NetPro - Configuring Networks 6 trnh by N ph(n 5.3.1. Do 6 vi/c t.o mPt Project mGi sY khng 6*<c nh^c l.i. Trong v dL sau, b.n c'u hnh Project SAMPLE_FULL sK dLng CPU 314 vGi 4 rack: Tr.m S7-300 sau khi 6 6*<c c'u hnh: Ngoi ra b.n cSng nn bit vH nguyn t^c slot cho cc m 6un 6Bc bi/t nh*: Dummy (DM 370 Dummy), m 6un Digital Simulation (SIM 374 IN/OUT 16), M7-300: Nguyn tNc 1Pc bi=t cho m 1un Dummy (DM 370 Dummy): M 6un DM l mPt m 6un b.n c th9 chn vo thay v mPt m 6un no 6 m sau ny bcn sY d: 6@nh sK dLng.
Hnh 5.16 C'u hnh cho tr.m S7-300 M 6un giao di/n
Hnh 5.17 Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 84 Ty thuPc vo ci 6Bt switch, m 6un 6 c th9 hoBc khng th9 dnh ring khng gian 6@a chQ. V dL khng gian 6@a chQ l 6*<c dnh ring cho m 6un vo s0 v ra s0 nh*ng khng th9 cho m 6un giao di/n. Nguyn tNc 1Pc bi=t cho m 1un m phQng (SIM 374 IN/OUT 16): M 6un m ph`ng s0 SIM 374 IN/OUT 16 6*<c sK dLng 69 m ph`ng 6(u vo v ra s0. B.n khng th9 tm th'y m 6un ny trong catalog ph(n c)ng (Hardware catalog) cIa window. B.n phCi thay th m 6un m b.n mu0n m ph`ng vo trong bCng c'u hnh thay thay v SIM 374.
Ci 1Pt switch trn m 1un SIM 374 IN/OUT 16 M sF m 1un 16xOutput 6ES7322-1BH00-0AA0 8xOutput 8xInput 6ES7323-1BH00-0AA0 16xInput 6ES7321-1BH00-0AA0 Nguyn tNc 1Pc bi=t cho M7-300: Khi b.n c'u hnh cho nhm m 6un M7-300, mUi m 6un trong nhm chim giE mPt slot. Nu m 6un 6(u tin cIa nhm m 6un l mPt CPU M7-300 th slot k tip sau nhm m 6un c th9 chQ b@ chim giE bNi mPt m 6un giao di/n cIa n hoBc l 69 tr0ng. Nhm m 6un M7-300 l hnh th)c ha khi m 6un mN rPng EXM (expansion module) hoBc hay m 6un MSM (mass-storage) 6*<c sK dLng cho vi/c mN rPng mPt M7 CPU hoBc mPt M7 FM (function module). T't cC cc m 6un trong nhm m 6un l 6*<c kt n0i vGi mUi bus AT-ISA, my tnh t: 6Png ha. GiGi h.n nhEng m 6un trong nhm m 6un M7 tun theo nguyn t^c sau: - M7 CPU hoBc M7 FM lun l m 6un 6(u tin cIa nhm. - M 6un mass-storage chQ c th9 chn vo N nhEng v@ tr tip theo trong giGi h.n cIa nhm. M7 CPU v M7 FM khng th9 mN rPng nhiHu h5n 3 m 6un (MSM hoBc EXM). 5.3.2.2 C@u hnh cho tr<m S7-400: 5.3.1.2.1 Nguyn tNc cho vi=c gi+i h<n sF m 1un: Nguyn t^c cho vi/c giGi h.n s0 m 6un trong rack l ty thuPc vo ki9u cIa rack 6*<c l^p 6Bt. Khc vGi S7-300 chQ c mPt lo.i rack chung cho cc ki9u CPU, S7-400 c nhiHu lo.i rack h5n v c mPt s0 rack chQ 6*<c dng ring cho mPt s0 CPU nh't 6@nh. Rack cIa s7-400 c hai lo.i: 9 slot v 18 slot. - Nguyn tNc c@u hnh cho rack trung tm: Slot 1 chQ 6*<c chn vo m 6un nguOn (ngo.i tr, m 6un nguOn vGi n2ng lBc d: phng). Chn t0i 6a 6 m 6un giao di/n (send IM), khng nhHu h5n hai nguOn truyHn (power transmission). Kt n0i t0i 6a 21 rack mN rPng 6n cc m 6un giao di/n trn rack trung tm Khng 6*<c kt n0i nhiHu h5n mPt rack mN rPng vGi nguOn truyHn (power transmission) tGi mPt giao di/n send IM (IM 460-1 6i 6i vGi IM 461-1). Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 85 Kt n0i mPt l*<ng t0i 6a 4 rack mN rPng ngo.i tr, nguOn truyHn (IM 460- 0 vGi IM 461-0 hoBc IM 460-3 vGi IM 461-3). - Nguyn tNc c@u hnh cho rack mM r9ng: ChQ 6*<c chn m 6un nguOn cung c'p vo slot 1. ChQ chn m 6un giao di/n nh$n (Receive IM) vo slot t$n cng bn phCi (slot 9 hoBc 18). M 6un truyHn thng bus chQ nn chn vo rack mN rPng vGi mPt l*<ng khng v*<t qu 6 m 6un (ni cch khc, chng khng th9 c 6*<c 6@a chQ nu s0 l*<ng lGn h5n). - Nguyn tNc 1Pc bi=t cho vi=c c@u hnh v+i m 1un nguRn v+i nSng l;c d; phng (redundant): M 6un nguOn cung c'p vGi n2ng l:c d: phng c th9 6*<c chn vo trong mPt rack 6i. NhEng m 6un c th9 6*<c cng nh$n bTng ngEng thng tin d*Gi d.ng v2n bCn trong Hardware Catalog B.n nn xem xt nhEng nguyn t^c sau: N chQ 6*<c chn vo nhEng m 6un nguOn vGi n2ng l:c d: phng trong nhEng rack 6 d: 6@nh cho mLc 6ch ny. M 6un nguOn vGi n2ng l:c d: phng chQ c th9 6*<c v$n hnh khi 6i km vGi cc CPU 6*<c thit k cho mLc 6ch ny; NhEng CPU khng ph h<p sY khng th9 nhn ra trong qu trnh c'u hnh. M 6un nguOn vGi n2ng l:c d: phng phCi 6*<c chn vo slot 1 v slot k tip n (khng cho php 69 tr0ng). M 6un nguOn khng c n2ng l:c ny sY khng 6*<c php chn cng chung rack. 5.3.1.2.2 Cch c@u hnh cho rack trung tm: - Gi+i h<n cho rack trung tm: L:a ch;n rack trung tm thch h<p trong th* m:c rack cho c'u hnh cIa b.n t, th* vi/n ph(n c)ng cIa Netpro., trong th* mLc ny c cc rack sau: Hai rack CR2 (Central rack): CR2(1) 6*<c thit k cho ch)c n2ng rack trung tm vGi 18 slot 6*<c chia lm hai 6o.n: 10 slot v 8 slot; ngoi ra rack ny thch h<p cho ch)c n2ng d: phng cho nguOn cung c'p. CR2(2) 6*<c thit k cho ch)c n2ng rack trung tm vGi 18 slot 6*<c chia lm hai 6o.n: 10 slot v 8 slot. Rack CR3: M*<c thit k cho ch)c n2ng cIa rack trung tm vGi 4 slot; khng th9 l^p m 6un nguOn theo c5 ch d: phng. Hai rack ER1(Expansion rack): ER1(1) 6*<c thit k cho ch)c n2ng cIa rack mN rPng vGi 18 slot, chQ cho nhEng m 6un SM (P bus), khng thch h<p cho ch)c n2ng d: phng cho nguOn. ER1(2) 6*<c thit k cho ch)c n2ng cIa rack mN rPng vGi 18 slot, chQ cho nhEng m 6un SM (P bus). Hai rack ER2: ER2(1) 6*<c thit k cho ch)c n2ng cIa rack mN rPng vGi 9 slot, chQ cho nhEng m 6un SM (P bus), khng thch h<p cho ch)c n2ng d: phng cho nguOn. Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 86 ER2(2) 6*<c thit k cho ch)c n2ng cIa rack mN rPng vGi 9 slot, chQ cho nhEng m 6un SM (P bus). Hai rack UR1 (Universal rack): UR1(1) c 18 slot, khng thch h<p cho ch)c n2ng d: phng cho nguOn. UR1(1) c 18 slot. Hai rack UR2 (Universal rack): UR2(1) c 9 slot, khng thch h<p cho ch)c n2ng d: phng cho nguOn. UR2(1) c 9 slot. UR2-H: M*<c thit k cho ch)c n2ng cIa rack trung tm vGi 2 x 9 slot, tch bi/t vH 6*4ng bus backplane, ph h<p cho ch)c n2ng chubn v ch)c n2ng d: phng (redundant). BTng thao tc ko v thC rack vo trong ph(n form thit k bn tri, rack sY xu't hi/n trong form ny. 5.3.1.2.3 Cch c@u hnh cho rack mM r9ng: T't cC cc rack mN rPng 6*<c kt n0i tGi m 6un giao di/n gNi send IM trn rack trung tm N d.ng cascade. MUi mPt nhm gOm 3 rack mN rPng 6*<c kt n0i 6n 1 m 6un giao di/n gNi IM N rack trung tm.
- Nguyn tNc k6t nFi rack mM r9ng: Nu b.n kt n0i rack mN rPng tGi mPt m 6un giao di/n (send IM) cIa rack trung tm phCi xem xt nhEng v'n 6H sau: NguOn truyHn Ki9u lin kt (t$p trung/phn tn) Bus truyHn thng - Gi+i h<n rack mM r9ng: L:a ch;n rack mN rPng t, th* vi/n ph(n c)ng. C th9 thay 67i gi tr@ 'n 6@nh cho rack bTng cch kch 6p chuPt vo thanh trn cng cIa bCng, sau 6 6Bt l.i gi tr@ trong ph(n Rack no. cIa hPp tho.i General. =n 6@nh m 6un vo cc rack, 6iHu c(n l*u l cc rack phCi t*5ng thch vGi nhau v cc m 6un giao di/n phCi 6*<c chn vo cc rack. T.o nhEng kt n0i giEa nhEng m 6un giao di/n trong cc rack: + Kch 6p chuPt vo m 6un giao di/n gNi send IM + L:a ch;n Connect tab Tab ny cho php t't cC cc rack khng 6*<c kt n0i
Hnh 5.18 Kt n0i rack trung tm 6n cc rack mN rPng Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 87 + L:a ch;n nhEng rack 6Pc l$p v sK dLng nt Connect cho vi/c kt n0i chng tGi cc m 6un giao di/n send IM (C1 v C2 trn hnh 5.18). Sau 6y l th dL m tC qu trnh c'u hnh cho rack trung tm v cc rack mN rPng trn tr.m S7-400 CPU 414-1:
1. B.n t.o mGi mPt Project c tn SAMPLE S7-400, cch tin hnh nh* ph(n 5.3.1:
2. Kch 6p chuPt tri vo bi9u t*<ng MPI(1), xem hnh 5.19, Ko v thC tr.m SIMATIC 400 sang ph(n giao di/n bn tri:
Hnh 5.19
Hnh 5.20 Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 88 3. Kch 6p chuPt tri vo bi9u t*<ng SIMATIC 400(1) nh* hnh 5.20, ko v thC rack trung tm CR2 vo ph(n giao di/n bn tri. Ko v thC cc m 6un c(n thit nh*: m 6un CPU 414-1 (trong th* mLc CPU); m 6un nguOn PS 405 10A (trong th* mLc PS/Standar) vo slot 1 cIa rack trung tm; m 6un giao di/n gNi IM 460-0 vo cc slot 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (t0i 6a 6 m 6un IM N 6o.n 1 cIa rack), lm t*5ng t: cho 6o.n 2 (nu c(n thit), xem hnh 5.21. 4. Ko v thC cc rack mN rPng ER1: 5. MBt cc m 6un giao di/n nh$n IM 361-0 vo v@ tr t$n cng (slot c chQ s0 lGn nh't) cIa rack mN rPng: 6. Nh* trn hnh 5.23, cc rack mN rPng ch*a 6*<c kt n0i tGi m 6un giao di/n trn rack trung tm. M9 kt n0i, b.n kch 6p chuPt ln m 6un giao di/n t*5ng )ng trn rack trung tm, trong tr*4ng h<p ny mPt m 6un giao di/n IM 460-0 t.i Slot 3 l 6*<c ch;n, hPp tho.i properties sY xu't hi/n, xem hnh 5.24.
Hnh 5.21
Hnh 5.22 Hnh 5.23 Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 89
B.n c th9 kt n0i cc rack mN rPng vo v@ tr C1 hoBc l C2. Trn hnh 5.26 cho chng ta th'y, mUi m 6un giao di/n IM 460-0 c th9 quCn l t0i 6a 8 rack mN rPng. C) t*5ng t: nh* v$y, b.n c th9 kt n0i 6n t'i cC cc nhm rack mN rPng t, cc m 6un giao di/n trn rack trung tm. Xem hnh 5.27:
Hnh 5.25
Hnh 5.26 Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 90
5.3.2.3 C@u hnh cho cc m 1un vo/ra phn tn trn subnet Profibus-DP: Ph(n lGn cc h/ th0ng T: 6Png ha c(n 6n nhEng kt n0i vGi cc m 6un vo/ra phn tn theo nhEng kin trc (topology) ph*5ng th)c (ph*5ng th)c trao 67i dE li/u) khc nhau. Do 6 trong ph(n ny, sY 6H c$p c5 bCn nhEng ki9u kt n0i m th:c t 6i h`i. M 6un vo/ra phn tn 6H c$p 6n h/ th0ng master, h/ th0ng ny bao gOm DP master v DP slave. T't cC cc thnh ph(n ny 6*<c kt n0i vo bus theo chubn giao th)c l Profibus-DP. - M0i vGi h/ th0ng c DP master l cc giao di/n DP cIa S7-300 th cc DP slave l cc m 6un phn tn ET200 hay cc thit b@ tr*4ng khc c giao di/n DP - M0i vGi h/ th0ng c DP master l cc giao di/n DP cIa S7-400 th cc DP slave l cc m 6un phn tn ET200 hay cc thit b@ tr*4ng khc c giao di/n DP v I slave (Intelligent slave) l cc S7-300 c giao di/n DP 6*<c tch h<p sWn(315- 2DP, 316-2DP, 318-2DP) hay S7-300 c thm m 6un CP 342-5. 5.3.2.3.1 Cc ph*,ng thLc trao 1Ji dG li=u cIa h= hFng DP master: C@u hnh v+i Simple (Modular hay Compact) DP slave theo cch trao 1Ji dG li=u slaveTmaster: Trong c'u hnh ny, dE li/u trao 67i giEa DP master v cc Simple DP slave (ngh[a l cc DP c c'u hnh v ch)c n2ng 65n giCn). DE li/u c th9 truyHn t, cc 6@a chQ vo trn DP slave 6n DP master v nh$n t, DP master 69 xu't tr:c tip ra 6(u ra cIa DP slave. M.i chQ vo/ra trn cc m 6un DP slave 6*<c 'n 6@nh mPt cch t: 6Png bNi ph(n mHm c'u hnh. My l c'u hnh t*5ng 60i 65n
Hnh 5.27 Kt n0i cc rack mN rPng vo rack trung tm trn CPU 414-1 Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 91 giCn bNi v c'u trc mPt chI lin kt vGi nhiHu tG thng qua mPt subnet Profibus- DP.
C@u hnh v+i DP salve thng minh (I slave) theo cch trao 1Ji dG li=u I slaveTmaster: B.n c th9 chia nh` h/ th0ng t: 6Png cIa b.n thnh cc tc vL nh` (subtask) m nhEng tc vL 6'y 6*<c 6iHu khi9n bNi nhEng tc vL cIa bP 6iHu khi9n l$p trnh (PLC) c'p cao h5n. NhEng tc vL 6iHu khi9n ny c th9 6*<c hon thnh mPt cch 6Pc l$p vGi hi/u su't cao so vGi vi/c xK l l.i cc tc vL trn cng mPt CPU, nhEng CPU ny c th9 6*<c b7 sung vo v 6ng vai tr l cc I slave. VGi c'u hnh cIa I slave th DP master khng tru c$p tr:c tip cc m 6un vo/ra trn I slave m chQ truy c$p vo vng 6@a chQ cIa CPU cIa I slave. MiHu ny c ngh[a rTng vng 6@a chQ ny khng th9 'n 6@nh 6*<c cho cc m 6un vo ra th:c N trn I slave. Vi/c 'n 6@nh ny phCi 6*<c I slave t.o ra khi 6*<c c'u hnh.
C@u hnh v+i DP salve thng minh theo cch trao 1Ji dG li=u SlaveUI slave: VGi c'u hnh ny, dE li/u vo t, cc slave c th9 truyHn thfng 6n I slave trn subnet Profibus-DP. VGi c5 ch quCn l ny, t't cC cc DP slave hoBc I slve c th9 cung c'p mPt s: l:a ch;n dE li/u 6(u vo theo h*Gng trao 67i dE li/u tr:c tip (DX) giEa DP slave DP slave DP slave DP slave DP master
Hnh 5.28 S5 6O nguyn l trao 67i dE li/u slaveTmaster
Hnh 5.29 S5 6O nguyn l trao 67i dE li/u slaveTmaster c s: tham gia cIa I slave H/ th0ng DP master Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 92 cc cc DP slave. ChQ c nhEng I slave (nh* CPU 315-2DP, 316-2DP hay 318- 2DP) c th9 6*<c sK dLng 69 nh$n nhEng dE li/u ny.
C@u hnh v+i hai h= thFng DP master theo cch trao 1Ji dG li=u slaveUI slave: Vi h/ thngs DP master trong mPt subnet v$t l Profibus-DP cSng 6*<c g;i l h/ th0ng multi-master. Trong c'u hnh ny, dE li/u 6(u vo t, DP slave c th9 6*<c 6;c r't nhanh bNi cc I salve trn cng mPt subnet. NhEng I slave c th9 giao tip vGi cc DP slave nPi bP trong h/ th0ng DP master cIa n hoBc c th9 giao tip vGi cc DP slave trn nhEng h/ th0ng DP master khc (xem hnh 5.31).
VGi c5 ch quCn l ny, I slave nh* l CPU 315-2DP c th9 cho php dE li/u vo t, cc DP slave truyHn tr:c tip 6n vng dE li/u vo cIa n. Theo nguyn t^c ny, mUi DP slave c th9 cung c'p s: l:a ch;n dE li/u vo cho vi/c trao 67i dE li/u tr:c tip giEa cc DP slave. C@u hnh v+i hai h= thFng DP master theo cch trao 1Ji dG li=u slaveUmaster: DE li/u vo t, nhEng I slave v DP slave c th9 6*<c 6;c tr:c tip bNi master cIa h/ th0ng DP master trn cng mPt subnet v$t l l Profibus-DP (xem hnh 5.32). C5 ch giao tip ny cn 6*<c g;i l s: chia sY dE li/u 6(u vo v dE li/u vo 6*<c sK dLng bNi DP master khc. DP master Hnh 5.31 Trao 67i tr:c tip giEa cc DP slave trn cc h/ th0ng DP master khc nhau H/ th0ng DP master 2 DP master DP slave DP slave DP slave I slave DP slave DP slave H/ th0ng DP master 1 DX DP slave DP slave DP slave I slave DP master
Hnh 5.30 S5 6O nguyn l trao 67i tr:c tip giEa cc DP slave
H/ th0ng DP master DX Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 93
5.3.2.3.2 Cch c@u hnh cho h= thFng vo/ra phn tn: T<o m9t h= thFng DP master: B(n c th s* d,ng nh.ng biu t$%ng DP master sau: - MPt CPU vGi s: tch h<p m 6un CP 342-5, CP 443-5 hay DP master 6 6*<c tch h<p onboard trn CPU. - MPt giao di/n submodule 6*<c 'n 6@nh mPt CPU/FM (v dL IF 964-DP trn CPU 488-4). - MPt m 6un giao di/n vGi giao di/n DP master (v dL IM 467). Cc b$0c th2c hi3n: - L:a ch;n DP master t, Hardware Catalog (v dL CPU 315-2DP). - Ko v thC m 6un vo trong hng thch h<p cIa rack. Vo mLc Properties - PROFIBUS Node 69 mN hPp tho.i. T.i 6y b.n c th9 th:c hi/n nh* sau: T.o mPt subnet Profibus mGi hoBc l:a ch;n subnet 6 c MBt thuPc tnh cho subnet Profibus (vH khoCng cch kt n0i, t0c 6P truyHn) MBt 6@a chQ Profibus cIa DP master - M9 ch'p nh$n vi/c ci 6Bt 'n OK. Bi9u t*<ng sau sY xu't hi/n:
Bi9u t*<ng ny 6*<c xem nh* l ci neo cIa cc DP slave kt n0i vo h/ th0ng DP master. T<o ra h= thFng gRm vi DP master giao ti6p v+i cc DP slave: Tch bi3t h3 th4ng DP master: Nu b.n chn CPU vGi s: tch h<p sWn giao di/n DP hay CPU c km theo m 6un giao di/n DP (c'u hnh nh* I slave), b.n c th9 c'u hnh cho CPU hoBc CP nh* mPt DP master vGi h/ th0ng DP master. B.n c th9 tch bi/t h/ th0ng DP master theo cch sau: - L:a ch;n giao di/n DP master - L:a ch;n menu l/nh: Edit > Master System > Separate; kch chuPt phCi, l:a menu ch;n l/nh Master System > Separate. Nh* v$y b.n 6 th:c hi/n 6*<c kt n0i trao 67i dE li/u tr:c tip (DX). Nu khng c nhEng slave 6*<c kt n0i tGi h/ th0ng master th h/ th0ng master ny sY b@ hIy b`. DP master Hnh 5.32 Trao 67i tr:c tip giEa cc slave trn cc h/ th0ng DP master khc H/ th0ng DP master 2 DP master DP slave DP slave DP slave I slave DP slave DP slave H/ th0ng DP master 1 DX Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 94 Cch l;a chVn v gi+i h<n cho DP slave: Khi b.n c'u hnh cho cc DP slave, chng c nhEng nhm sau: - Compact DP slaves (nhEng m 6un vGi s: tch h<p cc 6@a chQ vo/ra s0 v analog, v dL ET200B) - Modular DP slaves (nhEng m 6un giao di/n vGi S7 hoBc S5, v dL ET 200M) - I slave (cc CPU S7-300 c tch h<p giao di/n DP hoBc ET 200X vGi BM147/CPU) C@u hnh cho Compact DP slaves: - L:a ch;n mPt Compact DP slave (v dL ET 200B) t, Hardware Catalog. - Ko v thC m 6un DP slave vo v@ tr thch h<p trn h/ th0ng DP master: hPp tho.i Properties - PROFIBUS Node sY 6*<c mN. T.i 6y, b.n c th9 ci 6Bt cc tham s0 sau: ThuPc tnh cho subnet Profibus (vH khoCng cch kt n0i, t0c 6P truyHn) M@a chQ Profibus cIa DP slave - Xc nh$n l.i cng vi/c ci 6Bt bTng cch nh'n nt OK. Kt quC l mPt bi9u t*<ng 6*<c thm vo h/ th0ng DP master vGi s: hi/n di/n cIa compact DP slave. C'u hnh I/O cIa compact DP slave 6*<c hi9n trong bCng bn d*Gi cIa cKa s7 c'u hnh. V dD: T.o s: kt n0i giEa h/ th0ng DP master trn CPU 414-2DP vGi cc compact DP slave nh* sau: v T.o d: n vGi tn compact DP slave v T.o c'u hnh cho CPU 414-2DP trn rack trung tm CR2/18 v Vo th* mLc ET 200B trn Hardware Catalog ch;n cc DP slave thch h<p, ko v thC cc DP slave vo subnet Profibus do giao di/n DP master cIa CPU 414-2DP t.o ra. Kt quC:
Hnh 5.33 C'u hnh cho h/ th0ng compact DP slave M@a chQ t: 6Png hi9n th@ compact DP slave Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 95 C@u hnh cho Modular DP Slaves: - L:a ch;n m 6un giao di/n cho Modular DP Slave (v dL IM 153 cho ET 200M) t, Hardware Catalog. - Ko v thC cc DP slave vo subnet Profibus kt n0i vo bi9u t*<ng DP master, kch chuPt phCi ln m 6un 69 ci 6Bt cc thng s0 thch h<p cho m 6un. - Xc nh$n l.i cng vi/c ci 6Bt bTng cch nh'n nt OK. MPt bi9u t*<ng cho DP slave 6*<c g^n thm vo h/ th0ng DP master. NhJng m /un Modular DP Slaves bao g$m: Terminal Blocks (TBSC) cho vi/c kt n0i Smart (h; cc m 6un ET 200L SC SC submodules (h; cc m 6un ET 200L SC) AS-i slave (DP/AS-i link) NhEng m 6un S7-300 (h; ET 200M) T<o m9t m9t h= thFng multi-master trn m9t subnet Profibus: d v dL hnh 5.35, h/ th0ng gOm hai DP master l: CPU 416-2DP l DP master 1 v CPU 412-2DP l DP master 2. DP master 1 quCn l 3 DP slave IM 153 c 6@a chQ l IM 153(1), IM 153(2), IM 153(4). DP master 2 quCn l mPt DP slave c 6@a chQ IM 153(6).
Hnh 5.34 C'u hnh cho h/ th0ng modular DP slave
Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 96
Vi3c tnh ton v ci 78t chu k: bus xem ph=n FREEZE trn help online ! 5.3.2.3.3 Cch c@u hnh cho I-Slave: MPt I-Slave l nhEng CPU c s: kt h<p vGi m 6un Profibus CP, xem hnh bn d*Gi:
S; khc nhau giGa DP slave v I-Slave: M0i vGi mPt DP slave thng th*4ng nh* compact (ET 200B) hay modular (ET 200M) th DP master truy c$p vo nhEng 6(u vo/ra phn tn. M0i vGi nhEng I-Slave, DP master khng truy c$p tr:c tip vo cc 6(u vo/ra trn I- Slave m chQ truy c$p trong khng gian 6@a chQ vo/ra cIa qu trnh xK l 6*<c th:c hi/n trn CPU cIa I-Slave. Wng dDng cIa I-Slave: I-Slave khng chQ th:c hi/n vi/c trao 67i dE li/u vGi master m cn th:c hi/n 6*<c vi/c trao 67i dE li/u tr:c tip vGi DP slave m cc DP slave khng th9 lm 6*<c 6iHu ny. Hnh 5.35 H/ th0ng c nhiHu DP master quCn l cc DP slave ring bi/t
Hnh 5.35 I-Slave ph0i ghp vo h/ th0ng DP master Chng 5. Thit lp d an trn nn SIMATIC PCS 7 Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN 97
Cc b*+c c, b.n 12 c@u hnh: C hai b*Gc 6*<c yu c(u 69 chn I-slave vo trong mPt h/ th0ng DP master: C'u hnh mPt tr.m vGi m 6un Profibus-DP CP nh* mPt DP slave (c th9 l cc CPU c sWn giao di/n DP hoBc CPU ghp thm m 6un CP). Kt n0i I-slave ny vo h/ th0ng DP bTng cch 'n 6@nh n vGi mPt DP master.
Hnh 5.37 C'u hnh I-slave vo h/ th0ng DP master cIa S7-400