Giáo trình kỹ thuật số

Trng i Hc Cng Nghip Tp.
HCM
MC LC
MC LC ............................................................................................................................1 THIET B CHNH CHO CAC BAI THC HANH IEN T SO DTS-21 .................3 NGUON NUOI DC ..........................................................................................................3 BAI 1 : CONG LOGIC (1) NH NGHA PHAN LOAI AC TRNG............6 A.THIET B S DUNG : ...................................................................................................6 B.CAP NGUON VA NOI DAY ..........................................................................................6 C.CAC BAI THC TAP ....................................................................................................6 PHAN A : NH NGHA & PHAN LOAI .......................................................................6 BAI 2: CONG LOGIC-MOT SO NG DUNG. ........................................................30 A.THIET B S DUNG: ..................................................................................................30 B.CAP NGUON VA NOI DAY........................................................................................30 C.CAC BAI THC TAP ..................................................................................................30 BAI 3 : CAC BO GIAI MA &VA MA HOA LOGIC CAC BO SO SANH SO..........43 A. THIET B S DUNG: .................................................................................................43 B. CAP NGUON VA NOI DAY.......................................................................................43 C. CAC BAI THC TAP .................................................................................................43 BAI 4 : CAC BO CHUYEN MACH PHAN KENH VA HP KENH........................55 A.THIET B S DUNG : .................................................................................................55 B. CAP NGUON VA NOI DAY .......................................................................................55 C. CAC BAI THC TAP .................................................................................................55 BAI 5 : CAC S O PHAT VA HNH THANH XUNG..............................................65 A. THIET B S DUNG : ................................................................................................65 B. CAP NGUON VA NOI DAY .......................................................................................65 C. CAC BAI THC TAP .................................................................................................65 BAI 6 : S O TRIGGER VA BO GHI (1)...................................................................69 A.THIET B S DUNG : .................................................................................................69 B. CAP NGUON VA NOI DAY .......................................................................................69 C. CAC BAI THC TAP .................................................................................................69 BAI 7 : S O TRIGGER VA BO GHI (2)...................................................................74 A. THIET B S DUNG : ................................................................................................74 B. CAP NGUON VA NOI DAY .......................................................................................74 C. CAC BAI THC TAP .................................................................................................74 BAI 8 : BO NH RAM TNH VA EPROM ...................................................................88 A.THIET B S DUNG : .................................................................................................88 B. CAP NGUON VA NOI DAY .......................................................................................88 C. CAC BAI THC TAP .................................................................................................88 BAI 9 : CAC S O BIEN OI BO BIEN OI DAC, ADC ......................................94 A.THIET B S DUNG: ..................................................................................................94 B.CAP NGUON VA NOI DAY........................................................................................94
Giao trnh thc hanh ien t so.
Trng i Hc Cng Nghip Tp.HCM
C. CAC BAI THC TAP .................................................................................................94 PHAN MO PHONG ..........................................................................................................97 Bai 12:MO PHONG CAC CONG LOGIC VA NG DUNG ......................................97 I.MACH TO HP DUNG CAC CONG LOGIC ...........................................................97 NGO VA0 .......................................................................................................................97 II.AP DUNG NH LUAT DE MORGAN.................................................................98 NGO VAO ......................................................................................................................99 III.DUNG CONG NAND E THIET KE CONG EX-OR.........................................100 NGO VAO ....................................................................................................................100 BAI 13:MO PHONG CAC MACH GIAI MA,MA HOA VA COUNTER...............101 I.MACH GIAI MA DUNG IC 74LS138:......................................................................101 NGO RA .......................................................................................................................102 II.KHAO SAT IC (74LS47) VI CAC NGO VAO C IEU CHNH BANG CONG TAT LOGIC SWITCH. .....................................................................................102 III.KHAO SAT MACH EM BCD DUNG IC 74LS168 ...........................................104 BAI 14:CAC MACH COUNTER-NG DUNG. .........................................................107 I.MACH EM CHIA N DUNG IC 7490/74LS90 ...................................................107 II.MACH EM DUNG IC 74193..................................................................................109 III.MACH EM XUONG DUNG IC 74193. ...............................................................112 IV.MACH EM 2 SO BCD (2 DIGITAL BCD COUNTER).................................113 BAI 15:MO PHONG CAC MACH COUNTER(TT) ..................................................115 I.KHAO XAT IC EM 4017..........................................................................................115 II.BO LAP TUAN T T 2 EN 8 BC ................................................................116 III.BO EM LEN XUONG T ONG (IC 74193/IC74154)..................................117
THIET B CHNH CHO CAC BAI THC HANH IEN T SO DTS-21

Thiet b chnh DTS-21 bao gom cac phan chc nang : - Phan nguon nuoi mot chieu on nh cung cap cac ien the chuan cho cac s o cua thiet b chnh va cho cac khoi thc tap. - May phat tn hieu va bo tao trang thai logic cho cac khoi thc tap. - Phan ch th trang thai logic. ac trng cua cac phan chc nang cua thiet b chnh nh sau : NGUON NUOI DC 1. NGUON DC KEP (DC POWER SUPPLY) A. Nguon DC co nh : +5V/1.5A,-5V/0.5A, 12V/0.5A, co bao ve qua tai. 2. NGUON DC IEU CHNH (DC ADJUST POWER SUPPLY) Nguon DC thay oi lien tuc c : 0V+15V/1A, co bao ve qua tai. MAY PHAT TN HIEU Tat ca cac may phat la oc lap, ong thi cho ra mc TTL va CMOS. Mc CMOS(+1.5V 15V) c t ong ieu chnh theo che o nguon DC ieu chnh. 3. MAY PHAT TAN SO CHUAN (STANDARD GENERATOR) : Tan so :1MHz, 50Hz, 1Hz. o chnh xac : 0.01%(1MHz). Kha nang tai : 10 TTL. 4. MAY PHAT XUNG CLOCK(CLOCK GENERATOR) : 6 Khoang tan so :1 1MHz. Kha nang tai : 10 TTL 5. MAY PHAT TN HIEU LI (LINE SIGNAL) : Tan so : 50Hz. The ra : 6Vms. Co chong qua tai. 6. CONG TAC LOGIC (DATA SWITCH) :LS1-LS16 2 x 8 DIP Switch, loi ra 16 bit mc TTL. Kha nang tai 10 TTL. 7. CONG TAC LOGIC (DEBOUNCE SWITCH) : DS1-DS4 4 x cong tac gat vi s o hnh thanh xung. Kha nang tai : 10 TTL 8. CONG TAC XUNG (PULSER SWITCH) : PS1-PS2 Hai bo co loi ra ieu khien oc lap. Moi bo co cong tac vi s o hnh thanh xung. Mo bo co loi ra tn hieu phan cc dng va am, o rong xung > 5ms.
Kha nang tai : 10 TTL. 9. CONG TAC CHON SO GAY TRON (THUMBWEEL SWITCH) : 2 Digit, ma ra BCD, iem chung la loi vao. DISPLAY 10. CH TH TRANG THAI LOGIC ( LOGIC INDICATORS) : 16 LED ch th trang thai logic cao (1) va thap (0). ien tr vao <100 K. 11. CH TH SO (DIGITAL DISPLAY) : 4 bo LED 7 segment oc lap. Vi bo giai ma / driver BCD, 7 segment, cac chot loi vao. Loi vao vi ma 8 4 2 1. 12. LOA (SPEAKER) : 8 , 0.25 W, vi s o khuech ai loa. 13. BOARD TH (BREADBOARD) : Loai 1680 chan cam. 14. PHU TUNG : Day noi co au cam Cau ch day nguon AC . Kch thc : 300 x 400 x 130 mm (L x W x D). CAC BAI THC TAP VE IEN T SO S DUNG VI THIET B CHNH DTS 21 ST T 1 DANH MUC Cong logic (1) nh ngha. Phan loai DL.RTL, DTL.TTL & cong vi collector h. IC 3 trang thai. Cong CMOS. Cac ac trng cua cong TTL. Cac ac trng cua cong CMOS. Cong logic (2) ng dung May phat xung dung cong logic. Bo hnh thanh xung. Trigger. Bo so sanh so. Bo hp kenh. Logic gates (1) IC logic gates Definition. Logic gate Classification. Logic gate With Three State Output. CMOS gate. IC logic gates Charateristics. CMOS gate Charateristics. Gate generator. Pulse width forming circuit. Gate trigger. Gate comparator. Gate multiplexer. DE 102 DE 101
Bo giai ma. Cac s o logic c ban (1) Decoder 2-> 4, 3->8, BCD->7 segments. Encoder 4 -> 2, 8 -> 3. Bo em ch th LED 2 digits. Bo so sanh Bo em va so sanh 2 digits. Cac s o logic c ban (3) Bo chuyen mach logic hp kenh. Bo chuyen mach logic phan kenh. May phat xung ong ho Bo IC thi gian 555. Bo IC thi gian 74122. Bo tao xung ong ho. Cac trigger va bo ghi (1) vi mach trigger D. Thanh chot. Trigger j k. Bo ghi dch. Cac trigger va bo ghi (2) Bo em 4 bit, bo chia, em vong. Bo em mi. Bo em thuan ngc. Bo em johnson va giai ma bo phm. Bo nh Bo nh vi ram tnh va EPROM.
Gate decoder. Logic gate Exp (1) Decoder. Encoder Counter with decoder. Comparator Counter with comparator. Logic gate Exp (3) Multiplexer. Demultiplexer. Clock generator Exp. LM555 timer. 74122 timer. 14 stage ginary counter divider & oscilator. Sequential loic circuit (1) D type trigger. Latch. J k trigger. Shift register. Sequential loic circuit (2) Binary counter. Decade counter. Up down counter. Johnson counter & keyboard encoder. Memories Exp.(1) Momory with EPROM & static RAM. Converter Exp.(1) 8 bit IC DAC. 31/2 digit IC ADC.
DE 103
DE 104 DE 105
DE 106
DE 107
DE 108 DE 109
Cac s o bien oi (1) 8 bit IC DAC. 31/2 digit IC ADC. Kch thc khoi : 165 x 255 mm (Lx W).
BAI 1 : CONG LOGIC (1) NH NGHA PHAN LOAI AC TRNG

A. THIET B S DUNG : 1. Thiet b chnh cho thc tap ien t so DTS-21. 2. ong ho o. 3. Khoi th nghiem DE-201 cho bai thc tap ve cong logic (Gan len thiet b chnh DTS-21). 4. Phu tung : day co chot cam 2 au. B. CAP NGUON VA NOI DAY Khoi DE-201 cha 4 mang s o (D1-1, 2, 3, 4) vi cac chot cap nguon rieng. Khi s dung mang nao can noi day cap nguon cho mang s o o. at (GND) cua cac mang s o a c noi vi tram at chung : 1. Noi nguon the chuan +5V va at (GND) t bo nguon DC POWER SUPPLY cua thiet b DTS- 21 vi chot +5V va at (GND) cua khoi DE-201. 2. Noi nguon the ieu chnh 0 4 +15V (cho linh kien CMOS) t bo nguon DC ADJUST POWER SUPPLY cua thiet b DTS-21 vi chot 0 4 +15V cua khoi DE-201. Nguon mot chieu 0 4 15V co the ieu chnh theo yeu cau bang cach van bien tr chnh nguon. * Chu y cam ung gia tr va phan cc cua nguon. C. CAC BAI THC TAP PHAN A : NH NGHA & PHAN LOAI nh ngha, bang gia tr Nhiem vu : Tm hieu ve ban chat mc logic va s ton tai vat ly cua chung. Tm hieu thuat toan logic cua cac loai cong logic pho bien. Cac bc thc hien : I. 1. Yeu to logic cha 1 bit thong tin 1. S dung day co chot cam e noi mach theo s o hnh D1-0 :
+V LS8 8 15
Hnh D1-0. Trang thai logic va yeu to logic n gian. 2. Noi cong tac logic LS8 cua bo cong tac DATA SWITCHES cua DTS-21 vi chot 15 cua bo ch th led n (LOGIC INDICATORS). Gat cong tac
theo cac v tr k hieu 1 & 0, theo doi va ghi lai trang thai cua cac led tng vao bang D1-1. Cong tac en LED Mc the Ky hieu trang thai Ky hieu toan hoc LS8 1 Sang V= H(high-cao) 1 0 Tat V= L(low- thap) 0 S dung ong ho o the chot 15 cua bo ch th led n (LOGIC INDICATORS). 3. Ghi gia tr the o vao bang D1-1 theo trang thai cua cong tac LS8. 4. Phat bieu nh ngha ve mc logic va yeu to logic cha 1 bit thong tin. I. 2. Cac cong logic 1. cap nguon +5V cho mang s o D1-1 : - S dung bo ch th logic (LOGIC INDICATORS) vi cac led n e kiem tra trang thai logic cua cac cong c chon. - e khao sat nguyen l hoat ong cua cac cong, can tac ong mc cao (H) :1 (v du :chap len ngon +5V)va mc thap (L) : 0 (chap at) ti cac loi vao cua cong e theo doi phan ng loi ra C cua cong c chon. e tranh cho loi ra vi mach co the b chap nguon hoac at ( lam h hong vi mach), trong th nghiem se s dung cac cong tac logic (DATA SWITCHS) cua DTS-21 e tao mc cao va thapcho cac loi vao cong. 2. khao sat nguyen l hoat ong cua cong ao (inverter) :
5V +V
LS8
A 74LS0 C 4 IO
15
Hnh D1-1a. cong logic ao ( inverter ). 2.1. Noi au ra C cua cong ao C(hnh D1-1a) vi chot 15 bo ch th logic. Dung day noi vao A cua mot cong IC1(vi du : IC1/a) vi cong tac logic LS8 cua DTS-21. Gat cong tac logic t 0 -> 1 va t 1-> 0, quan sat trang thai tng ng cua led ch th : led sang (trang thai loi ra IC1 la cao ) (1), led tat (trang thai loi ra IC1 la thap ) (0). Ghi lai trang thai loi ra theo trang thai loi vao cua cong vao bang gia tr D1-2.
Cong tac LS8 1
Bang D1-2 Loi ra A 1
Loi ra C
0 Loi vao IC1a bo lng
2.2. Theo ket qua bang gia tr D1-2, nh ngha ve cong ao. Viet cong thc ai so logic cho cong ao. Nhan xet trng hp loi vao bo lng tng ng vi trang thai nao cua loi vao ? 3. Khao sat nguyen ly hoat ong cua cong khong ao vi loi ra collector h (O.C noninverter) 3.1. Noi au ra C cua cong IC2/a (hnh D1-1b) vi chot 15 bo ch th logic. Noi chot ra C vi chot G e mac tai ngoai R3 cho cong h.dung day noi loi vao A cua cong IC2/a vi cong tac logic LS8 cua mang DATA SWITCHES/DTS-21. Gat cong tac logic t 0 -> 1 va t 1 -> 0, quan sat trang thai tng ng cua led bao : led sang : trang thai loi ra IC2 la cao (1), led tat : trang thai loi ra IC2 la thap (0).
+V 5V R3 1k 5V LS8 8 A 74LS04
IO
+V
15
Ghi trang thai loi ra theo trang thai loi vao cua cong vao bang gia tr D1-3. Noi J1 cap nguon +5V cho R3. Hnh D1-1b. cong logic khong ao vi loi ra collector h (O.C.Noninverter). Bang D1-3 Cong tac LS8 1 0 Loi vao IC2a bo lng Loi ra A 1 0 Loi ra C
3.2 Theo ket qua bang gia tr D1-3, nh ngha ve cong khong ao. Viet cong thc ai so logic cho cong khong ao. Nhan xet trng hp loi vao bo lng tng ng vi trang thai nao cua loi vao ?
4. Khao sat nguyen ly hoat ong cua cong NAND co hai loi vao (2- input NAND) :
+V 5V
17 0 LS7 18 0 LS8
A1 3a B2
3 C 15
+V
5V
74LS00
Hnh D1-1c, Cong logic NAND. 4.1. Noi au ra C cua IC3/a (hnh D1-1c) vi chot 15 cua bo ch th logic. Dung day noi cac loi vao A & B cua cong IC33/a vi cong tac logic LS7, LS8 cua mang DATA SWITCHES / DTS-21. Gat cac cong tac logic t 0->1 & t 1->0 tng ng vi bang D1-4, quan sat trang thai tng ng cua led ch th : led sang trang thai loi ra IC3 la cao (1), led tat trang thai loi ra IC3a la thap(0). Ghi trang thai loi ra theo trang thai loi vao cua cong vao bang gia tr D1-4. Bang D1-4 LS7 LS8 Loi vao A Loi vao B Loi ra C 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 4.2. Theo ket qua bang gia tr D1-4, nh ngha ve cong NAND. Viet theo cong thc ai so logic cho cong NAND. Nhan xet ve trang thai loi ra khi mot trong hai loi vao thap (0). 4.3. Bo lng khong noi chan B cua IC3/a, chan A noi vi cong tac logic LS8. Chan C noi vi chot 15 bo ch th logic (LOGIC INDICATORS/DTS-21). Gat cong tac chuyen trang thai 0 -> 1, 1> 0, theo doi trang thai ra .So sanh vi cong ao trong muc II.2. 5. Khao sat nguyen ly hoat ong cua cong NAND co hai loi vao vi loi ra collector h (2- input open collector NAND) : 5.1. Noi au ra C cua IC4/a (hnh D1-1d) vi chot 15 cua bo ch th logic (LOGIC INDICATORS/DTS-21). Noi chot C vi chot G e noi tai ngoai R3 cho cong h. Noi J1.
+V
5V R3 1k
+V
5V
17 0 LS7 18 0 LS8
A1 3a B2
+V
5V
G 15
74LS03
Hnh D1-1d. cong logic NAND vi loi ra h mach (NAND with O.C.Output). Dung day co chot hai au noi cac loi vao A & B cua cong tac IC4/a vi cong tac logic LS7, LS8 cua mang DATA SWITCHS/DTS-21. Gat cong tac logic t 0 -> 1 va t 1 -> 0 tng ng vi bang D1-5, quan sat trang thai tng ng cua led ch th : led sang - trang thai loi ra IC4/a la cao (1), led tat - trang thai loi ra IC4/a la thap (0). Ghi trang thai loi ra theo trang thai loi vao cua cong vao bang gia tr D1-5. Bang D1-5. LS7 LS8 Loi vao A Loi vao B Loi vao C 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 5.2. So sanh ket qua trong D1-5 vi bang gia tr D1-4 cua cong NAND trong muc 4. 6. Khao sat nguyen ly hoat ong cua cong OR co hai loi vao (2- input OR) :
+V 5V
17 0 LS7 1 8 0 LS8
A 1 5A B2
3 C 15
+V
5V
74LS32
Hnh D1-1e. cong logic OR. 6.1. Noi au ra cua IC5/a (hnh D1-1e) vi chot 15 cua bo ch th logic LOGIC INDICATORS/DTS-21. Dung day noi cac loi vao A & B cua cong IC5/a vi cong tac logic LS7, LS8 cua mang DATA SWITCHES/DTS-21. Gat cong tac logic t 0 -> 1 va t 1 -> 0 tng ng vi bang D1-6, quan sat trang thai tng ng cua led ch th : led sang - trang thai loi ra IC5/a la cao (1), led tat - trang thai loi ra IC5/a la thap (0). Ghi trang thai loi ra theo trang thai loi vao cua cong vao bang gia tr D1-6.
10
Bang D1-6. LS7 LS8 Loi vao A Loi vao B Loi vao C 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 6.2. Theo ket qua bang gia tr D1-6, ng ngha ve cong OR. Viet theo cong thc ai so logic cho cong OR. Nhan xet ve trang thai loi ra khi hai loi vao thap (0). 7. Khao sat nguyen ly hoat ong cua cong XOR co hai loi vao (2- input XOR) :
+V 5V
17 0 LS7 18 0 LS8
A1 6A B2
3 C 15
+V
5V
74LS86
Hnh D1-1f. cong logic XOR. 7.1. Noi au ra cua IC6/a (hnh D1-1f) vi chot 15 cua bo ch th logic LOGIC INDICATORS/DTS-21. Dung day noi cac loi vao A & B cua cong IC6/a vi cong tac logic LS7, LS8 cua mang DATA SWITCHES/DTS-21. Gat cong tac logic t 0 -> 1 va t 1 -> 0 tng ng vi bang D1-7, quan sat trang thai tng ng cua led ch th : led sang - trang thai loi ra IC6/a la cao (1), led tat - trang thai loi ra IC6/a la thap (0). Ghi trang thai loi ra theo trang thai loi vao cua cong vao bang gia tr D1-7. Bang D1-7. LS7 LS8 Loi vao A Loi vao B Loi vao C 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 7.2. Theo ket qua bang gia tr D1-7, ng ngha ve cong XOR. Viet theo cong thc ai so logic cho cong XOR. 8. Bang ly luan, da tren ket qua th nghiem vi cong co hai loi vao, lap bang gia tr va viet bieu thc ai so logic cho : - Cong AND 2 loi vao. - Cong NAND vi 4 loi vao.
11
II.
Cong OR vi 3 loi vao.
Phan loai cong logic Nhiem vu : Tm hieu cau truc ben trong cua cong logic theo lch s phat trien ky thuat cong nghe. Cac bc thc hien : 1. Cap nguon +5V cho mang s o D1-2: 2. Cong AND loai diode logic (DL).
+V 5V R1 10k
+V
5V
17 0 LS7 18 0 LS8
A D1 B
D2 1N4148
+V
5V
15
Hnh D1-2a. Cong logic AND loai DL. 2.1. Noi au ra C cua mach DL AND (hnh D1-2a) vi chot 15 cua bo ch th logic LOGIC INDICATORS/DTS-21. Dung day noi cac loi vao A & B cua mach vi cong tac logic LS7, LS8 cua mang DATA SWITCHES/DTS-21. Gat cong tac logic t 0 -> 1 va t 1 -> 0 tng ng vi bang D1-8, quan sat trang thai tng ng cua led ch th : led sang - trang thai loi ra cua mach la cao (1), led tat - trang thai loi ra cua mach la thap (0). Ghi trang thai loi ra theo trang thai loi vao cua cong vao bang gia tr D1-8.
LS7 1 1 0 0
LS8 1 0 1 0
Bang D1-8. Loi vao A Loi vao B 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
Loi vao C
12
2.2. Theo ket qua bang gia tr D1-8 va cau truc s o DL AND, giai thch nguyen tac hoat ong cua cong AND loai DL. Phan tch u nhc iem cua s o. 3. Cong NAND loai risistor transistor logic (RTL).
+V 5V R4 1k
+V
5V
17 0 LS7 18 0 LS8
A 10k
R3 10k
R2
+V
5V
15
R5 1k T1 C828
Hnh D1-2b. Cong logic NAND loai RTL. 3.1. Noi au ra C cua mach RTL NAND (hnh D1-2b) vi chot 15 cua bo ch th logic LOGIC INDICATORS/DTS-21. Dung day noi cac loi vao A & B cua mach vi cong tac logic LS7, LS8 cua mang DATA SWITCHES/DTS-21. Gat cong tac logic t 0 -> 1 va t 1 -> 0 tng ng vi bang D1-9, quan sat trang thai tng ng cua led ch th : led sang - trang thai loi ra cua mach la cao (1), led tat - trang thai loi ra cua mach la thap (0). Ghi trang thai loi ra theo trang thai loi vao cua cong vao bang gia tr D1-9.
13
LS7 1 1 0 0
LS8 1 0 1 0
Bang D1-9. Loi vao A Loi vao B 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
Loi vao C
3.2. Theo ket qua bang gia tr D1-9 va cau truc s o RTL, giai thch nguyen tac hoat ong cua cong NAND loai RTL. Chu y transistor lam viec che o khoa (ong va m bao hoa hoac gan nh bao hoa). Phan tch u nhc iem cua s o. 4. Cong NAND loai Diode transistor logic (DTL). 4.1. Noi au ra C cua mach RTL NAND (hnh D1-2b) vi chot 15 cua bo ch th logic LOGIC INDICATORS/DTS-21. Dung day noi cac loi vao A & B cua mach vi cong tac logic LS7, LS8 cua mang DATA SWITCHES/DTS-21.
5V R6 10k R7 5V R9 1k
+V
5V
17 0 18LS7 0 LS8
+V
D3
+V
+V
5V
C
R8 10k T2 C828
15
D4
5k6
Hnh D1-2c. Cong logic NAND loai DTL. Gat cong tac logic t 0 -> 1 va t 1 -> 0 tng ng vi bang D1-10, quan sat trang thai tng ng cua led ch th : led sang - trang thai loi ra cua mach la cao (1), led tat - trang thai loi ra cua mach la thap (0). Ghi trang thai loi ra theo trang thai loi vao cua cong vao bang gia tr D1-10.
Bang D1-10.
14
LS7 LS8 Loi vao A Loi vao B Loi vao C 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 4.2. Theo ket qua bang gia tr D1-10 va cau truc s o DTL, giai thch nguyen tac hoat ong cua cong NAND loai DTL. Chu y transistor lam viec che o khoa (ong va m bao hoa hoac gan nh bao hoa). Phan tch u nhc iem cua s o. 5. Cong NAND loai transistor transistor logic (TTL).
5V +V
R10 10k
R11 1k5
R13 100
T6 5V 5V +V
A
T3
+V
01 LS7 8 0
LS8
T5
D4 1N4148
C
T7
15
B
T4
R12 1k5
5 x c828
Hnh D1-2d. Cong logic NAND loai DTL. 5.1. Noi au ra C cua mach TTL NAND (hnh D1-2d) vi chot 15 cua bo ch th logic LOGIC INDICATORS/DTS-21. Dung day noi cac loi vao A & B cua mach vi cong tac logic LS7, LS8 cua mang DATA SWITCHES/DTS-21. Gat cong tac logic t 0 -> 1 va t 1 -> 0 tng ng vi bang D1-11, quan sat trang thai tng ng cua led ch th : led sang - trang thai loi ra cua mach la cao (1), led tat - trang thai loi ra cua mach la thap (0). Ghi trang thai loi ra theo trang thai loi vao cua cong vao bang gia tr D1-11. Bang D1-11. LS7 LS8 Loi vao A Loi vao B Loi vao C 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 5.2. Theo ket qua bang gia tr D1-11 va cau truc s o TTL, giai thch nguyen tac hoat ong cua cong NAND loai TTL. Chu y transistor lam viec che o
15
khoa (ong va m bao hoa hoac gan nh bao hoa). Phan tch u nhc iem cua s o. III. Vi mach logic 3 trang thai. Nhiem vu : Tm hieu trang thai loi ra tong tr Z cao, s dung khi ngat loi ra vi mach logic vi ng bus d lieu hoac tai ngoai. Cac bc thc hien : 1. noi loi ra 1C cua IC1/a (hnh D1-3) vi led 15 cua bo ch th logic (LOGIC INDICATORS). Noi cong tac logic LS8 cua bo cong tac DATA SWITCHES / DTS-21 vi loi vao ieu khien 1E. 2. noi cong tac logic LS16 vi loi vao 1A. at cac cong tac ng vi gia tr theo bang D1-12. Ghi ket qua vao bang D1-12. o the ra 1C cho cac trng hp.
5V 5V 5V +V
1E IN 2 1 14 3 1A 7 OUT 1C 15
+V
01 LS7 8 0
LS8
1A
+V
74LS125
Hnh D1-3. Bo chuyen so lieu 1 chieu 3 trang thai. LS8 LS16 Loi ra C E A 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 X X: trang thai bat ky. IV. Cong CMOS Nhiem vu : ien the Loi ra C
16
Tm hieu cau truc va nguyen tac hoat ong cua cong dung linh kien MOS vi cau truc oi xng phoi hp CMOS (complementary Symmetry MOS). Cac bc thc hien : 1. Cap nguon +15V(+VDD) cho s o hnh D1-4 :
CMOS CMOS
A 1 1A B 2
CD4011
01 DS1 2 0
DS2
3 C 0
Hnh D1-4. Cong CMOS. 2. Khao sat nguyen ly hoat ong cua cong VA ao co hai loi vao (2input NAND) : 2.1. Noi au ra C cua IC1/a (hnh D1-4) vi chot 0 cua bo ch th logic LOGIC INDICATORS/DTS-21. Dung day noi cac loi vao A & B cua cong IC1/a vi loi CMOS cua cong tac DS1, DS2 / DEBOUNCE SWITCHES / DTS-21. Gat cong tac logic t 0 -> 1 va t 1 -> 0 tng ng vi bang D1-13, quan sat trang thai tng ng cua led ch th : led sang - trang thai loi ra cua mach la cao (1), led tat - trang thai loi ra cua mach la thap (0). Dung ong ho o gia tri ien the ra chan C cua vi mach. Ghi trang thai loi ra theo trang thai loi vao cua cong vao bang gia tr D1-13. Bang D1-13 DS1 DS2 Loi ra C ien the loi ra C A B 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 2.2. So sanh trang thai logic vi cong NAND TTL(Bang 1-4, muc I.4). PHAN B: AC TRNG CONG LOGI I. Cac ac trng cuaa cong logic-TTL Nhiem vu: Tm hieu cac ac trng c ban cua cong logic TTL e ap dung trong thiet ke ien t Cac bc thc hien:
17
1. Cap nguon +5V cho mang s o D1-1(hnh D1-5a) 2. Mc the ngng hoat ong loi vao cua cong logic TTL
5V +V
A1
3C
R5 510
3A B 2 74LS00 A1 6A
+ -
C 3 C 2 15
P1 500K 50%
B2 A 1
74LS86
7A
74LS14
Hnh D1-5a. o mc the ngng hoat ong loi vao cua cong logic TTL 2.1. Noi au ra C cua IC3/a vi chot 15 cua bo ch th LED n (LOGIC INDICATORS). Dung day noi nguon +V cua R5 va P1 vi nguon +5V. Noi loi vao A cua cong IC3/a vi iem D e lay ien t bien tr P1. au B e lng. Van t t bien tr P1 e xac inh v tr bien tr ma tai o loi ra chuyen t 01,tng ng en LED t tat-sang. o gia tr the vao cong (V0-1) ng vi v tr nay. Ghi ket qua vao bang D1-14. Lap lai th nghiem vi IC va IC7. Ghi ket qua vao Bang D1-14. Bang D1-14. IC3/a IC6/a IC7/a V0--> 1 V1--> 0 2.2. Tren c s the ngng o dc, hay chon khoang the vao cho cac mc logic cao (1) va thap (0) e am bao s lam viec on nh cua cong logic hai trang thai. 2.3. So sanh ket qua o gia IC7 ( co loi vao trigger Schmitt) vi IC3 & IC6. Nhan xet ve kha nang chong nhieu va hoat ong tin cay cua yeu to loi vao vi trigger Schmitt. 3. Dong vao cua cong logic TTL
18
Noi loi vao A cua cong IC3/a vi ong ho mA e o dong chay t chan AIC3/a xuong at (hnh D1-5b). ghi gia tr dong vao cho mot loi vao cong I1u1 vao bang D1-15. Tng ng tnh gia tr tr tng ng noi len nguon +5Vcho 1 loi vao cong R1u1. A1
3C 3A B 2 74LS00 A1 6A + mA A 1 7A B2 C 3 C 2
74LS14
74LS86
Hnh D1-5b. o dong vao cua cong logic TTL. Tnh R10u1 cho trng hp cho 10 loi vao cong mac song song nhau (khi xem xet kha nang trong thc te, 1 loi ra cong co the ieu khien bao nhieu loi vao cong Fan Out). Lap lai th nghiem cho IC6, IC7. Ghi ket qua vao bang D1-15. Bang D1-15. IC3/a IIN RIN=+5/IIN ROUT =RIN/10 4. Mc the loi ra cua cong logic TTL: 4.1. 4.1. Dung day noi cac loi vao A & B cua cong IC3/a vi cong tac logic LS7, LS8 cua mang DATA SWITCHES/DTS-21. (Hnh D1-5c). Noi loi ra C cua IC3/a vi chot 15 cua bo ch th logic (LOGIC INDICATORS).
+5V +5V LS8 LS7
IC6/a
IC7/a
A B
1 3A
15
2 74LS00 A1 C 6A 3 B2 74LS86 A 1 C 2 7A
74LS14
+ -
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Hnh D1-5c. o mc the loi ra cua cong logic TTL. 4.2. S dung ong ho o ien the loi ra C cua IC3/a, Gat cong tac logic t 0 -> 1 va t 1 -> 0, ghi gia tr the ng vi mc cao Vout va mc thap Vo11 vao bang D1-16. 4.3. Lap lai bc 4.1, 4.2 cho cong bat k cua IC6, IC7. 4.4. Noi J1 e cap nguon cho bo tr tai (hnh D1-5d). mac tr tai ngoai cho loi ra cong : noi loi ra C cua IC 3/a lan lt vi cac chot F, G, H (xem gia tr tng ng vi R1u1- R10u1 trong bang D1-15). o gia tri ien the loi ra cong ng vi mc cao Vou1 va mc thap V011 khi co tai ngoai. Nhan xet ve anh hng cua tr tai R oi vi cac mc ra va gii han tai e mc ra nam trong vung cho phep. Ghi ket qua vao bang D1-16. +5V
J1 J2
+5V +5V LS8 LS7 R1 R2 R3 R4 510
A B
1 3A
C E I
5k1 5k1 1k
2 74LS00 A1 C 6A 3 B2 74LS86 A 1 C 2 7A
74LS14
F K
C1
G L
C2
H M
C3 C4 + -
Hnh D1-5d. Kha nang mac tai ngoai cua cong logic TTL.
IC3/a Vo1 Vo2
R=:
Bang D1-16. R=R2=5K1 R=R3=1K
R=R4=510
20
4.5. Ngat J1, noi J2 e noi cac tr R1 R4 xuong at. Mac tr tai ngoai xuong at cho loi ra cong : lan lt noi loi ra cua IC3/a vi cac chot F, G, H. o mc the loi ra cua cong . nhan xet ve kha nang tai cua cong logic khi tr tai noi at. 5. Kha nang tai ien dung cua cong logic TTL th nghiem cho phep xem xet anh hng cua tai ien dung, thng la ien dung cap noi gia loi ra va loi vao cua hai cong at xa nhau. - Noi J1 e noi cac tr R1 R4 len nguon. 5.1. Noi mach trong mang D1-1 thoe s o D1-5e, trong o s dung IC4/a, b (cong vi collector h). - Noi loi ra C cua IC4/a vi chot F (tr tai R2=5K). - Noi loi ra C cua IC4/a vi chot A cua IC4/b. - Noi loi ra C cua IC4/b vi chot E (tr tai R1=5K1).
+5V
A CLOCK GEN DTS-21
1 4A
3 C 3 C
74LS03
J1 J2
R1 R2 R3 R4 510
B 2 A 1 B 2
5k1 5k1 1k
4B
E I
F K
C1
G L
C2
H M
C3 C4
DAO DONG KY
220p 1nF 10nF 33nF
Hnh D1-5e. S o o kha nang tai dien dung cua cong logic TTL. 5.2. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 1V/cm. at thi gian quet cua dao dong ky 0.1ms/cm. Chnh cho 2 tia nam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ong ky. S dung cac nut chnh v tr e dch tia theo chieu X & Y ve v tr de quan sat. Noi kenh 1 dao ong ky vi loi vao A/IC4a. noi kenh 2 dao dong ky e quan sat the ra tai iem C cua IC4/a & IC4/b. 5.3. May phat xung CLOCK GENERATOR cua thiet b chnh DTS-21 at tan so phat 10 KHz. Noi loi ra TTL cua may phat xung vi loi vao A/IC4a. 5.4. Quan sat va ve lai dang xung loi ra IC4/a, IC4/b khi cha noi tai ien dung. 5.5. Noi F vi lan lt vi cac chot I, K, L, M e mac tai ien dung cho loi ra IC4/a. Quan sat va ve lai dang xung loi ra IC4/a, IC4/b khi noi tai ien dung.
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5.6. Tang tan so may phat cua thiet b chnh cho en khi loi ra IC4/b mat xung. Quan sat va ve lai dang xung loi ra IC4/a, IC4/b gia tri tan so ti han. Ghi gia tri tan so gii han. 5.7. Giam tr tai cho IC4/a t 5K6 xuong 1K bang cach ngat day noi iem C (IC4/a) vi E (tr tai R1) va noi C (IC4/a) vi G (tr tai R3). Lap lai bc 5.6. Quan sat va ve lai dang xung loi ra IC4/a & IC4/b khi co tai ien dung va tr tai len nguon nho hn. 5.8. Ket luan ve kha nang tai ien dung cua cong logic. 6. ac trng truyen cua cong logic TTL ac trng truyen bieu th s thay oi loi ra theo the loi vao co ac trng doc va hep. V vay, can tien hanh th nghiem nay mot cach t m. 6.1. Noi mach trong mang D1-1 theo s o D1-5a. noi loi vao A cua IC3/a vi iem D cua bien tr P1. 6.2. Dung ong ho o the vao va ra cua cong. 6.3. Van P1 e at the Vi(D)=0. o the ra tai C cua IC4/a. thay oi P1 e the ra co gia tr +2.5V, o gia tr the vao. Thay oi P1 quanh gia tri va xac lap, o gia tr the ra. Thay oi P1 e the ra co gia tr +3.75V, o gia tr the vao. Thay oi P1 quanh gia tri va xac lap, o gia tr the ra. Thay oi P1 e the ra co gia tr +1.25V, o gia tr the vao. Thay oi P1 quanh gia tri va xac lap, o gia tr the ra. Ghi gia tr vao bang D1-17. Bang D1-17. Vi(D) 0V 1.25V 2.5V 3.75V 5V Vo(C) Bieu dien o th s phu thuoc the ra (truc y) theo the vao (truc x). II. Cac ac trng cua cong CMOS. Nhiem vu: Tm hieu cac ac trng c ban cua cong logic CMOS e ap dung trong thiet ke ien t. CMOS la linh kien co cong suat tieu thu nho, hoat ong vi nang lng rat thap. V vay trong qua trnh thc nghiem can lu y e tranh lam hong vi mach: -Ch tac ong xung t may phat vao s o a co nguon +VDD. -Bien o xung tac ong can nho hn +VDD, vao c 90% VDD. -Trong th nghiem, khi thay oi nguon +VDD, bien o xung lay t may phat CLOCK GENERATOR cung tng ng thay oi theo. Trong trng hp s dung may phat ngoai, can chu y la khi tang +VDD, can phai thay oi
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+VDD trc, sau o mi tang bien o xung tac ong vao s o. Ngc lai, khi can giam VDD, phai giam bien o xung vao trc, sau o giam +VDD. Cac bc thc hien: 1. Cap nguon 0+15V cho mang mach D1-4. 2. at gia tr nguon +VDD=+5v. 3. o mc the ngng hoat ong loi vao cua cong logic CMOS: Hnh D1-6a. 2.1. Cap nguon 9+15V cho chot +V cua R5 va P1 (mang D1-1). Noi au ra C cua C/a (mang D1-4) vi LED 0 cua bo ch th logic (LOGICINDICATORS)
+5V VDD R5 510
D
500 40% P1
A1 B2
14 1A 7 4011
C 0
Hnh D1-6a. o mc the ngng hoat ong cua cong logic CMOS. Dung day co chot hai au noi loi vao A cua cong C/a vi iem D cua e lay ien the t bien tr P1 (mang D1-1). au B e lng. Van t t bien tr P1 e xac nh v tr loi ra chuyen t 1-0, tng ng en LED t tat-sang. o gia tr the vao cong (V0-1). ng vi v tr nay. Van t t bien tr P1 e xac nh v tr loi ra chuyen t 1-0, tng ng en LED t sang->tat. o gia tr the vao cong (V1-0) ng vi v tr nay. Ghi ket qua vao bang D1-18. Thay oi the +VDD t +5V len +10V va +15V. Lap lai th nghiem, ghi ke6 qua vao Bang D1-18 Bang D1-18 IC1/a VDD=+5 VDD=+10 VDD=+15 V0->1 V1->0
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2.2. Tren c s the ngng o c, hay chon khoang the cho cac mc logic cao (1) va thap (1) e am bao s lam viec on nh cua cong logic. 2.3. So sanh khoang the lam viec cua s o CMOS vi TTL. 4. Mc the loi ra cua cong logic CMOS (Hnh D1-6b.)
+5V VDD R5 510
D
500 40% P1
A1 B 2
14 1A 7
4011
C
+ -
Hnh D1-6b. o mc the loi ra cua cong logic CMOS. 3.1. Cap nguon 0+15V cho chot +V cua R5 va P1 (mang D1-1). at the +VDD=+5V. Noi J3, cap nguon cho bien tr P1. Noi au ra C cua C/a vi ong ho o the. Dung day co chot hai au noi loi vao A cua cong IC/a vi iem D e lay ien the t bien tr P1. au B e lng. Van bien tr P1 e loi ra chuen t 0-1, o gia the ra ng vi mc cao. Van bien tr P1 e loi ra chuyen t 1-0. o gia tr the ra ng vi mc thap. Ghi ket qua vao bang D1-19 Thay oi the+VDD t +5V len +15V. Lap lai th nghiem, ghi ket qua vao Bang D1-19. Bang D1-19 IC1/a VDD=+5 VDD=+10 VDD=+15 Vc (1) Vc (0) 3.2. So sanh khoang the lam viec cua s o CMOS vi TTL. 5. Cong suat tieu tan cua cong logic CMOS. Th ngiem cho phep xem xet anh hng tan so lam vec len cong suat tieu tan cua cong CMOS. 4.1. Noi mang mach D1-4 theo s o D 1-6c.. Noi day cap nguon qua ong ho do (-2mA)
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Ban au at +VDD=+5V.
mA A B 1 2 5 1B
4011
14 C 3 1A 4
J1 J2
R1 R2 5k1 5k1 R3 1k R4 510
6 9 1C 8 12 1D 13 7
E 10 I
C1
F K
C2
G L
C3
H M
C4
11
220p 1nF 10nF 33nF
Hnh D1-6c. S o do cong suat tieu tan gnh cua cong logicCMOS 4.2. Noi cac loi vao cua IC1 xuong at. o dong tieu tan khi IC1 cha hoat ong. Noi cac loi vao cua IC1 len nguon +VDD. o dong tieu tan khi IC1 cha hoat ong. 4.3. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 5V/cm at thi gian quet cua dao ong ky 1ms/cm. Chnh cho ca hai tia nam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ongky. S dung cac nut chnh v th e dch tia theo cheu X va Y ve v tr e quan sat. Noi kenh I dao ong ky vi loi vao A(IC1/a). Noi kenh 2 dao ong ky vi iem C(IC1/a) e quan sat the ra. 4.4. at may phat xungCLOCK GENERATOR cua thiet b chnh DTS=21 che o phat vi Tan so 1kHz. Noi loi ra CMOS cua may phat xung vi loi vao A cua IC1/a. 4.5. Quan sat va ve lai dang xung loi raIC1/a. 4.6. Noi loi ra C cua IC1/a vi L (tu C3=10nF).(hnh D1-6d).
+15V
mA OUT
1kHz
A 1 B 2 5
14 3 1A 1B 4
1kHz
CMOS
4011
CLOCK GEN
6 9 1C 8 12 1D 13 7
10
I
C1
K
C2
L
C3
M
C4
DAO DONG KY
11
220p 1nF 10nF 33nF
25
Hnh D1-6d. S o do cong suat tieu tan ong cua cong logic CMOS. Quan sat va ve lai dang xung loi ra IC1/a. Tang tan so may phat len 5kHz va 10kHz. Ghi gia tr dong tieu tan IDD theo cac tan so vao bang D1-20.. 4.7. Thay oi nguon +VDD len +15V (Bien o xung may phat loi ra CMOS co bien o t tang theo).. Lap lai bc th nghiem 4.6. Ghi ket qua vao bang D1-20. Bang D1-20. KIEU LAM VIEC 1KHz C3=0 (khong noi C-L) C=10 nF (co noi C-L) C3=0 (khong noi C-L) C=10 nF (co noi C-L) C3=0 (khong noi C-L) C=10 nF (co noi C-L)
+VDD +5V +10V +15V
5KHz
10KHz
5. ac trng truyen cua cong. ac trng truyen-bieu th s thay oi the loi ra theo the loi vao-co ac trng loc va hep. V vah, can tien hanh th nghiem nay 1 cach t m. 5.1. Noi mach trong mang mach D1-4 theo s o D1-6b. Cap the 9+15V cho chot +V(R5va bien tr P1). 5.2. S dung ong ho o e o the vao va the ra cong CMOS. 5.3 Ban au at +VDD=+3,5V. Van P1 e at the Vi(D)=0. o the ra tai C cua IC1/a. Thay oi t t P2 e the ra co cac gia tr lan lt nh trong bang D1-21, o gia tr the vao bang D1-21 5.4. Thay oi the nguon +VDD len +5V, +10V va +15V, lap lai bc 5,3. Ghi gia tr o vao bang D1-21. Bang D1-21 VDD= +3.5V VDD= +5 V VDD= +10V VDD= +15V Vi(D) Vout(C) Vi(D) Vout(C) Vi(D) Vout(C) Vi(D) Vout(C) 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.5 1.0 2 1.0 1.0 2.0 4
26
1.75 2.5 3.0 +3.5 +5
2.5 4.0 4.5 +10
5.0 8.0 9.0 +15
7.5 11 13
Bieu dien o th ac trng truyen cua vi match CMOS khi che o nuoi khac nhau, truc 6 bieu dien the ra, truc x bieu dien the vao. Nhan xet ve chon the nuoi +VDD e lam tot ac trng truyen cho vi mach CMOS III. ac trng tre cua cong logic. 1. ac trng tre cua cong logic TTL. ac trng tre bieu th s cham thi gian thay oi the loi ra theo the loi vao oi vi cong TTL co ac trng khoang nano giay (10-9sec). V vay, can tien hanh th nghiem nay khi noi tiep nhieu cong e tao thi gian tre u ln, nham de dang o ac. 1.1. Noi nguon +5V cua DTS-21 vi chot nguon +5 cua mang D1-1, s dung IC1.
+5V
IN
14 1 2 3 1A 7 1B
DAO DONG KY
4 5 6 9 8 10 13 OUT
1kHz
TTL SYN
1kHz
1C
11 12 1D 1E 1F
EXT
Hnh D1-7a. S o o ac ac trng tre cua cong logic TTL. 1.2. at may phat xung CLOCK GENERATOR cua thiet b chnh DTS-21 che o phat vi Tan so 10kHz. Noi loi ra TTL cua may phat xung vi loi vao A cua IC1/a. 1.3. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 1V/cm. at dao ong ky che o ong bo ngoai vi xung t may phat CLOCK GENERATOR cua DTS-21. at thi gian quet cua dao ong ky 0.1ms/cm.
CLOCK GEN
27
Chnh cho ca hai tia nam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ong ky. S dung cac nut chnh v th e dch tia theo cheu X va Y ve v tr e quan sat. Noi kenh 1 dao ong ky vi loi vao IN/A. Noi kenh 2 dao ong ky vi iem ra OUT/C. 1.4. Chnh mc ong bo dao ong ky e nhan iem khi phat t may phat ngoai. o thi gian tre truyen xung t loi vao ti loi ra la thi gian lech mat tang cua tn hieu gia keng 1 & kenh 2: Thi gian tre cho 1 cong logic TTL Td (6) = ?[ns]. Td (1) = Td (6) /6 ns 2. ac trng tre cua cong CMOS 2.1. Cap nguon 0.. +15V cho chot +VDD cua mang mach D 1-4. S dung IC1 cua mang mach D1-4 (xem hnh D1-7b). at +VDD=+3.5V. 2.2. at may phat xung CLOCK GENERATOR cua thiet b chnh DTS-21 che o phat vi tan so 1kHz. Noi loi ra CMOS cua may phat xung vi loi vao A cua Io/a. 2.3. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 2V/cm. at dao ong ky che o ong bo ngoai vi xung t may phat CLOCK GENERATOR cua DTS-21. at thi gian quet cua dao ong ky 0.5ms/cm. Chnh cho ca hai tia nam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ong ky. S dung cac nut chnh v th e dch tia theo cheu X va Y ve v tr e quan sat. Noi kenh 1 dao ong ky vi loi vao IN/A. Noi kenh 2 dao ong ky vi iem ra OUT/C.
5V +V V1 -1/1V
CMOS
1kHz
IN A 1 14 3 1A SYN 2 7 D
4 1B 5
8 1C 9
10 12 1D 13
11 OUT C
1kHz
CD4011
DAO DONG KY
Hnh D1-7b. S o o ac trng tre cua cong logic CMOS.
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2.4. Chnh mc ong bo dao ong ky e nhan iem khi phat t may phat ngoai. o thi gian tre truyen xung t loi vao ti loi ra la thi gian lech mat tang cua tn hieu gia keng 1 & kenh 2: Thi gian tre cho 1 cong logic CMOS Td (6) = ?[ns]. Td (1) = Td (6) /6 ns
2.5. Thay oi the nguon +VDD len +5V, +10V, +15V, lap lai bc 5.4. ghi gia tr o vao bang D2-9. Bang D2-9. +VDD +3.5V +5V +10V +15V Td (6) Td (1) = td (6) / 6 2.6. Nhan xet ve anh hng cua the nuoi +VDD len gia tr thi gian tre cua vi mach CMOS.
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BAI 2:
CONG LOGIC-MOT SO NG DUNG.
A.THIET B S DUNG: 1. Thiet b chnh cho thc tap ien t so DTS-21. 2. Dao ong ky 2 tia. 3. Khoi th nghiem DE-202 cho bai thc tap ve ng dung cong logic( Gan len thiet b chnh DTS-21). 4. Phu tung: day co chot cam hai au. B.CAP NGUON VA NOI DAY. Mach DE-202 cha 6 mang s o D2-1,2,3,4,5,6 vi cac chot cap nguon rieng. Khi s dung mang nao can noi day cap nguon cho mang s o o. at (GND) cua cac mang s o a c noi vi tram at chung. 1. noi nguon the chuan +5V va at (GND) t bo nguon DC POWER SUPPLY cua thiet b DTS-21 vi chot +5V va at (GND) cua khoi DE-202. 2. Noi nguon the ieu chnh 0.+15V (cho linh kien CMOS) t bo nguon DC ADJUST POWER SUPPLY cua thiet b DTS-21 vi chot (+15V cua khoi DE-202. Nguon mot chieu 0+ 15V co the ieu chnh theo yeu cau bang cach van bien tr chnh nguon. C.CAC BAI THC TAP 1. May phat xung dung cong logic Nhien vu: Tm hieu nguyen tac hoat ong cua cac may phat xung n gian tren con logic TTL. Cac bc thc hien: 1. Cap nhuon +5V cho mang s o D2-1. 2. May phat a hai: hnh D2-1a.
30
5V +V
OUT2
R1 10k
1 14 3 1A 2 4 1B 5 7 6 10nF
J2
C2 10nF C1
DAO DONG KY
C3 0.1uF IC1 74LS00 C4 0.1uF 1kHz
R2 10k
EXT
J1
OUT1 Hnh D2-1a. May phat xung a hai dung cong logic TTL. 2.1. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 2V/cm. at thi gian quet cuea dao ong ky 1 ms/cm. Chnh cho ca hai tia mam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ong ku. S dung cac nut chnh v tr e dch tia theo chieu X va Y ve v tr e quan sat. 2.2. Noi kenh 1 dao ong ky vi loi ra oUT. S dung kenh 2 dao ong ky e quan sat tn hieu tai cac iem IC1/4-5, ouT va IC1/1-2 cua s o D2-1a. Khi OUT1 co tn hieu, s dung tn hieu ong bo SYN. Noi vi loi vao ong bo ngoai dao ong ky. at dao ong ky che o ong bo ngoai (chu y: s dung ong bo ngoai cho phep xac nh phan cc xung theo moi lien quan thi gian cua s o)l Ve dang tn hieu tai cac iem tng jung va lap gian o thi gian. o chu ky xungT, tnh tan so phat f(=1/T). 2.3. Noi J1, J2. Lap lai bc 2.1. 2.4. Noi J1, ngat J2. Lap lai bc 2.1. 2.5. So sanh ket qua cho cac trng hp noi cac J. Giai thch nguyen tac hoat ong cua s o. May phat dch pha: hnh D2-1b.
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QUARTZ 4MHZ R3 8k2 5V +V
XT
C5 100p
R4 8k2
DAO DONG KY
1kHz
1 2
14 2A 3
IC2
4 2B 5 9 2C
EXT
8 OUT
74LS00
10 SYN
Hnh D2-1b. May phat xung kieu dch pha dung cong logic TTL. 3.1. Noi kenh 1 dao ong ky vi loi ra OUT. S dung kenh 2 dao ong ky e quan sat tn hieu tai cac iem IC2/3, IC2/4-5, IC2/6, IC2.1-2 cua s o hnh D2-1b. Khi OUT co tn hieu, s dung tn hieu SYN noi vi loi vao ong bo ngoai dao ong ky.at dao ong ky che o ong bo ngoai. Ve dang tn hieu tai cac iem tng ng va lap gian o thi gian. o chu ky xung T, tnh tan so phat f. 3.2 Giai thch nguyen tac hoat ong cua s o. I. Bo hnh thanh o rong xung Nhiem vu:Tm hieu nguyen tac n gian e tang hoac giam o rng xung logic khi su dung cong va mach RC, nham tao s tre tn hieu e ong bo hoac hnh thanh xung trong s o logic. Cac bc thc hien: 1. Cap nguon +5V cho mang s o D2-2. 2. May phat xung CLOCK GENERATOR cua thiet b chnh DTS-21. at tan so phat 100 kHz. S dung loi ra TTL cua may phat xung cho th nghiem.
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+V
5V R1 R2 R3 5k6 5k6 5k6
IN2
12 1D 13
11 D C E 4 A 5 C2
C2 1nF
IN OUT EXT DAO DONG KY
-1/1V
OUT
J1
1 1A
3 C1
1B
1kHz
clock gen DTS-21
2 TTL IN1 74LS03
C1 10nF
J2
J3
Hnh D2-2a. Bo hnh thanh o rong xung. 3. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 2V/cm. at thi gian quet cua dao ong ky 10us/cm. Chnh cho ca hai tia nam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ong ky. S dung cac nut chnh v tr e dch tia theo chieu X va Y ve v tr de quan sat. Dao ong ky at che o ong bo ngoai lay tn hieu ieu khien t DTS-21. 4. Bo keo dai xung: 4.1. Noi may phat xung ti loi vao IN1 cua s o D2-2a. Noi J2, a vi C va A vi C2 e tao s o keo dai xung nh hnh D2-2a. Noi kenh 1 dao ong ky vi loi vao IN1. S dung kenh 2 dao ong ky e quan sat tn hieu ra tai IC1/3 va loi ra OUT. Quan sat va ve lai dang tn hieu, lap bieu o thi gian cho s o. 4.2. Noi A vi C1 (thay tu tch phan). Lap lai bc 4.1. 4.3. Giai thch nguyen tac hoat ong cu s o. 5. Bo rut ngan xung theo mat (sm) dng cua tn hieu: 5.1. Noi may phat xung ti loi vao IN1 cua s o D2-2a. Noi IN1 vi C, noi J2 va A vi C2. Noi kenh 1 dao ong ky voui loi vao IN1. S dung kenh 2 dao ong ky e quan sat tn hieu ra tai IC1/3 va Loi ra OUT. Quan sat va ve lai dang tn hieu, lap lai bc 5.1. 5.3. Giai thch nguyen tac hoat ong cua s o. 6. Bo rut ngan xung theo mat (sn) am cua tn hieu:
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6.1. Noi may phat xung ti loi vao IN2 cua s o D2-2a. Noi J1 va J2, noi A vi C2 va C vi IN1. C vi IN1. Noi kenh 1 dao ong ky vi loi vao N. S dung kenh 2 dao ong ky e quan sat tn hieu ra tai C/8, IC1/4 va Loi ra OUT. Quan sat va ve lai dang tn hieu, lap bieu o thi gian cho s o. 6.2 Noi A vi C1. Lap lai bc 6.1. 6.3. Giai thich nguyen tac hoat ong cua s o. II. n hai s dung cong logic Nhiem vu: Cac bc thc hien: 1. Cap nguon +5V cho mang s o D2-2.
5V R1 R2 R3 5k6 5k6 5k6
+V
IN2
12 1D 13
11 D C E 4
IN OUT EXT DAO DONG KY
-1/1V
OUT
J1
1 1A 2 74LS03
3 C1
A 5 1B
C2 1nF
1kHz
TTL IN1
clock gen DTS-21
C1 10nF
J3 J2
Hnh D2-2b. S o n hai s dung cong logic TTL. 2. May phat xung CLOCK GENERATOR cua thiet b chnh DTS-21 at tan so phat 10.kHz. S dung loi ra TTL cua may ph1t xung cho th nghiem. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 2V/cm. at thi gian quet cua dao ong ky 0,1ms/cm. Chnh cho ca hai tia nam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ong ky. S dung cac nut chnh v tr e dch tia theo chieu X va Y ve v tr de quan sat. 3. Noi J3, J4 e tao mach vi phan loi vao IC1b. Noi A vi C2, noi D vi E.
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Noi may phat xung ti loi vao IN cua s o D2-2b. Noi kenh 1 dao o6ng ky vi loi vao IN. S dung kenh 2 dao ong ky e quan sat tn Hieu ra tai IC1/3, IC1/4-5 va Loi ra OUT. Quan sat va ve lai dang tn hieu, lap bieu o thi gian cho s o. 4. Noi A vi C1. Lap lai bc 3. 5. Giai thch nguyen tac hoat ong cua s o. III. Bo so sanh Nhiem vu: Tm hieu s o so sanh so va ng dung. Cac bc thc hien: 1. Cap nguon +5V cho mang s o D2-3. 2. Bo so sanh 4 bit dung cong logic: Hnh D2-3. 2.1. Noi mach cua s o D2-3 vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau: *Loi vao(Input) noi vi bo cong tac DATA SWITCHS cua DTS-21 - Noi loi vao A0 vi cong tac logic LS5. - Noi loi vao A1 vi cong tac logic LS7. - Noi loi vao A2 vi cong tac logic LS13. - Noi loi vao A3 vi cong tac logic LS15. - Noi loi vao B0 vi cong tac logic LS6. - Noi loi vao B1 vi cong tac logic LS8. - Noi loi vao B2 vi cong tac logic LS14. - Noi loi vao B3 vi cong tac logic LS16. *Loi ra OUT (ODD) : noi vi led 15 cua bo ch th logic indicators cua dts-21.
35
+V
5V
+V
5V 5V 5V 5V 5V 5V 5V 5V
5 LS5 6 LS6 7 LS7 8 LS8 13 LS13 14 S14 15 LS15 16 LS16
A0 B0 A1 B1 A2 B2 A3 B3
1 2 4 5 9 10 12 13
14 3
OUT 1BIT IC2 74LS02 14 2 1 3 1 2 10 7 14 3 7 IC3 74LS00 15

LED1
+V
+V
+V
IC1 74LS86 8 8 9 11 7
+V
+V
+V
+V
Hnh D2-3. Bo so sanh so. 2.2. at cong tac LS5-8 va LS13-16 theo bang D2-1. Xac nh trang thai loi ra OUT theo ch th cua led sang va tat. Phat bieu tom tat ve nguyen tac hoat ong cua bo so sanh. 2.3. Giai thch nguyen ly hoat ong cua s o D2-3. Bang D2-1 STT A3 A2 A1 A0 B3 B2 B1 B0 OUT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 4 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 5 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1
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6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
V. S o Trigger Nhiem vu: Tm cac yeu to ban dan c banco hai trang thai ben,s dung rong rai trong thiet b logic. Cac bc thc hien : 1. Cap nguon +5V cho mang s o D2-4 . 2. S o Trigger voi cong ao: Hnh D2-4a. 3.1. Noi loi ra Q,,Q vi LED 15, LED 14 cua bo ch th logic(LOHIC INDICATIORS) cua thiet bchnh DTS-21.
37
+V
5V R1 R2 2k2
14
2k2
15
1 1A 2 8 9 7 1B
IC1 74LS06 14 Q
Hnh D2-4a.Yeu to hai trang thai ben Trigger tren cong ao . 2.2.Chap at lan lt iem Q,/Q.Can c trang thai LED ( LED sang,Q=1, LED tat, Q=0)Ghi trang thai Q,/Q vao bangQ2-2. Bang Q2-2 Q Q 1 0 So sanh s tng ng gia s o Trigger tren transistor vi s do tren cong ao. 3.S o trigger R-S tren cong logic:Hnh D2-4b 3.1. Noi mach bang s o D2-4 (IC2-cong NAND)vi cac machcua DTS-21nh sau: Loivao (input) : noi vi cong tac PULSE SWITCHES cua DTS-21. - Noi loi vao R vicong tac logic PSI/loi ra A/TTL. - Noi loi vao S vi cong tac logic PS2/ loi ra B/TTL. Loi ra (output) : noi vi cac LED cua bo ch th logic ( LOGIC INDICATORS ) cua thiet b chnhDTS-21. - Noi loi ra Q vi LED 15. - Noi loi ra Q vi LED 14. 3.2. Lan lt nhan cac cong tac PS1,2 theo bang D2-3. Theo doi trang thai en LED ch th. en LED sang,chng to mc ra la cao (1), en LED tat- la mc thap (0). Ghi ket qua vao bang D2-3.
38
+V PS1 A/TTL
5V
S 13 2A 12 R
B/TTL
14 11
15
10 2B 9 7 8
IC3 74LS00 14 Q
PS2
Hnh D2-4b. Trigger R-S tren cong NAND. Bang D2-3 PS2 S 3. So sanh ket qua gia trigger R-S tren cong NOR va cong NAND. VI. Bo chuyen mach gp kenh- Multiplexer Nhiem vu : Tm hieu viec noi kenh t pha nhieu ng sang pha t ng (hp kenh)theo a ch chon la. 1.Cap nguon 5V cho mang s oD2-5. 2.Bo hp kenh 1 bit (2:1)dung cong logic : Hnh D2-5 2.1. Noi mach cua s o hnh D2-5 (ICI)vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau: Loi vao (input): noi vi bo cong tacDATA &DEBOUCE SWITCHES cua DTS-21 - Noi loi vao A vi cong tac logic LS7. - Noi loi voa B v I cong tac logic LS8. - Noi loi vao S (chon kenh) vi chot TTL/cong tac DSI. Loi ra (output ):noi vi cac LED cua bo ch th LOGIC INDICATORS cua DRS-21. - Noi loi ra Y vi LED 15.
at cac cong tac logic LS7-8 va DS1 tng ung vi cac trang thai ghi trong bang D2-4. Theo doi trang thai en LED ch th. en LED sang, chng to mc ra la cao (1),en LED tat la mc thap (0).Ghi ketqua vao bang D2-4,trong o cottrang thai ghi 0
PS1 R
39
hoac 1 theo ch thcua LED tng ng. Can c nguyen ly hoat ong cua s o,ghi ma kenh vao A hoac B vao cot ky hieu theo loi vao.Kiem tra s trung hp gia tr trang thai theo cac hang tng ng cua cot.
+V +V 5V 7 LS7 +V 5V 8 LS8 5V
A B
1 2 9 11 10 1D
14 1A 1C 3 4 1B 5 8 7 IC3 74LS00 6 Y 15
+V
5V
TTL DS1
S 12
13
Hnh D2-5.Bo hp kenh 1 b (2:1)s dung cong logic. Bang D2-4 LOI VAO - INPUT LS7 LS8 DS1 A B S 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 LOI RA OUTPUT Trang thai Ky hieu theo loi vao (A/B) Y
VII. Bo giai ma Decoder Nhiem vu : Cac bc thc hien : 1. Cap nguon +5V cho mang s o D2-6. 2. Bo giai ma 2 bit thanh 4 ng ,dung cong logic:Hnh D2-6.
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+V
5V
+V
5V LS7
IC2 74LS11 1 14 2 1 14 2 2A 12 Y0 13 3 Y1 4 2B 6 5 3 Y2 6 4 3B 5 1 12 Y3 2 3A IC3 13 7 74LS11 12 13 14 15
+V
5V LS8
B IC1 74LS04
+V
5V
TTL DS1
E 13 7
12
Hnh D2-6.Bo giai ma-Declder dung vi mach cong. Chu y:Bo giai ma cac ng ieu khien loi ra tac ong mc cao (1). 2.1. Noi mach theo s o hnh D3-1a(ICI-IC3)vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau: Loi vao (input):noi vi bo cong tac DATA & DEBOUNCE SWITCHES cua DTS-21. - Noi loi vao A(bit thap)vi cong tac logic LS7. - Noi loi vao B(bit cao)vi cong tac logic LS8. - Noi loi vao E(cho phep)vi chotTTL/ cong tac DS1. Loi ra (Output) noi vi LED cua bo ch th logic (LOGIC INDICATORS)cua DTS-32 - Noi loi ra Y0 vi LED12. - Noi loi ra Y1 vi LED13. - Noi loi ra Y2 vi LED 14. - Noi loi ra Y3 vi LED 15. 2.2. at cac cong tac logic LS7,LS8 va DS1 tng ng vi cac trang thai ghi trong bang D2-5. Theo doi trang thai en LED ch th en LED sang,chng to mc ra la cao (1),en LED tat la mc thap (0).Ghi ket qua vao bang D2-5.
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LOI VAO - INPUT DS1 LS8 LS7 E B A Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 X X * X:gia tr bat ky . Ket luan tom tat ve bo giai ma a khao sat . 2.3. Thiet ke bo giai ma cho 2 bit 4 ng ra vi loi ra tac ong mc thap . Lap bang gia tr cho s o .
Bang D2-5 LOI RA - OUTPUT
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BAI 3 : CAC BO GIAI MA &VA MA HOA LOGIC CAC BO SO SANH SO

A. THIET B S DUNG: 1. Thiet b chnh cho thc tap ien t so DTS=21. 2. Dao ong ky 2 tia. 3. Khoi th nghiem DE=203 cho bai thc tap ve cac bo giai ma va ma hoa, so sanh (gan len Thiet b chnh DTS=21.). 4. Phu tung: day co chot cam hai au. B. CAP NGUON VA NOI DAY. Mach DE=203 cha 4 mang s o D3-1,2,3,4 vi cac chot cap nguon rieng. Khi s dung mang nao can noi day cap nguon cho mang s o o. at (GND) dua cac mang s o a c noi vi tram at chung: 1. Noi nguon the chuan +5V va at (GND) t bo nguon DC POWER SUPPLY cua thiet b DTS-21 vi cho +5V va at (GND) cua khoi DE-203. 2. noi nguon the ieu chnh 0+15V( cho linh kien CMOS) t bo nguon DC ADJUST POWER Supply cua thiet b DTS-21 vi chot 0+15V cua khoi DE-203. Nguon mot chieu 0+15V co the ieu chnh theo yeu cau bang cach van bien tr chnh nguon. Chu y cam ung phan cc cua nguon. C. CAC BAI THC TAP 1. Bo giai ma-Decoder Nhiem vu: Tm hieu nguyen tac bien oi ma c so 2 thanh cac ng ieu khien rieng biet Cac bc thc hien: 1. Cap nguon +5V cho mang s o D3-1. 2. Bo giai ma 3 bit thanh ieu khien tac ong mc thap (0). 2.1.Noi mach cua s o hnh D3-1a (IC1) vi cac mach cuea DTS-21 nh sau: *Loi vao (Input): noi vi bo cong tac DATA& DEBOUNCE SWITHCHES cua DTS-21. - Noi loi vao B vi cong tac logic LS7. - Noi loi vao C (bit cao nhat) vi cong tac logic LS8. - Noi loi vao G1 (cho phep) vi chot TTL/cong tac logic DS3. - Noi loi vao G2A (cho phep) vi choi TTL/ cong tac logic DS1. - Noi loi vao G2B (cho phep) vi chot TTL/ cong tac logic DS2.
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Loi ra ( Output) noi vi LED cua bo ch th logic (LOGIC INDICATORS) cua DTS-21 Noi loi ra Y0 vi LED8. Noi loi ra Y1 vi led 9. Noi loi ra Y2 voi Led9. Noi loi ra Y3 voi LED 11. Noi loi ra Y4 vi LED 12. Noi loi ra Y5 vi LED 13. Noi loi ra Y6 vi LED 14. Noi loi ra Y7 vi LED 15.
5V 6 5V 7 5V 8 5V DS1 6 4 5 LS7 1 2 3 A B C G1 G2A G2B Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 7 Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 LS6
LS8
5V DS2 74LS138
5V DS3
Hnh D3-1a. Bo giai ma-Decoder dung vi mach chuyen dung. 2.2 at cac cong tac logic LS6-8 va DS1-3 tng ng vi cac trang thai ghi trong bang D3-1. Theo doi trang thai en LED ch th. en LED sang, chng to mc ra la cao (1), en LED tat la mc thap (0). Ghi ket qua vao bang D3-1. Bang D3-1 IEU KHIEN IEU KHIEN LOI RA
DS3 G1 DS1 G2A DS2 G2B LS8 C LS7 B LS6 A
LED15 LED14 LED13 LED12 LED11 LED10 LED9 LED 8
Y7
Y6
Y5
Y4
Y3
Y2
Y1
Y0
1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
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1 1 1 1 0 X X
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 X X X X X 1 X X X X X 1 X X X * X: gia tr tuy y. Ket luan tom tat ve bo giai ma a khao sat. 3. Bo giai ma 4 bit thanh 7 ng ieu khien loai vi mach: Hnh D3-1b.
5V A
5V B D3 5V C D 5V 3 5 5V LT 7 1 2 6 D0 D1 D2 D3 LT RBI A B C D E F G BI/RBO 13 12 11 10 9 15 14 4 A B C D E F G
VCC
DIODE
5V RBI
74LS47
Hnh D3-1b. Bo giai ma BCD-7oan. Chu y: bo giai ma cho ra ng ieu khien tac ong mc thap(0). 3.1. Noi mach cua s o hnh D3-1b (IC2) vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau: *Loi vao (INPUT): noi vi bo cong tac DATA&DEBOUNCE SWITCHES cua DTS-21. - Noi loi vao A ( bit thap nhat) vi cong tac logic LS1. - Noi loi vao B vi cong tac logic LS2. - Noi loi vao C vi cong tac logic LS3. - Noi loi vao D (bit cao nhat) vi cong tac logic LS4.
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- Noi loi vao LTEST (Kiem tra en) vi chot TTL/cong tac DS1. - Noi loi vao RBI (loi vao ieu khien sang) vi chot TTL/ cong tac DS2. *Loi ra (output): - Cac loi ra A-G cua IC2 a noi vi cac LED/g tng ng, bo tr theo dang cac oan (Segment) cua so thap phan. Cac LED c cap nguon theo cac anode c noi qua diode D1/1N4007 len nguon +5V. - Noi loi ra RBO (bao gia tr ma zero) vi LED0 cua bo ch th logic (LOGIC INDICATOR) cua DTS-21. 3.2. at cac cong tac logic LS_104 va DS1-2 tng ng vi cac trang thai ghi trong bang D3-2 Theo doi trang thai en LED/a-LED/g, neu tat- mc ra la cao (1), con neu sangmc ra la thap (0). Ghi ket qua vao bang D3-2. Ngc lai, en LEDO cua DTS-21 khi sang ch th mc ra la cao, neu tat-mc ra la thap. Bang D3-2. IEU KHIEN LOI VAO LOI RA Input Output DS1 DS2 LS4 LS3 LS2 LS1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 LTEST RBI D C B A RBO g f e d c b a 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 X 0 0 0 1 1 X 0 0 1 0 1 X 0 0 1 1 1 X 0 1 0 0 1 X 0 1 0 1 1 X 0 1 1 0 1 X 0 1 1 1 1 X 1 0 0 0 1 X 1 0 0 1 1 X 1 0 1 0 0 1 X X X X 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 X X X X 3.3. Ket luan tom tat ve bo giai ma a khao sat khi so sanh gia tr thap phan cua ma vao vi ch so ch th hnh thanh tren bo LED. II. Bo em 2 so hang vi ch th LED-7 oan. Nhiem vu:
46
Tm hieu mot ng dung cua bo gai ma e ch th ket qua em thap phan. Cac bc thc hien: 1. Cap nguon +5V cho mang s o D3-4. 2. Noi mach cua s o hnh D3-4 vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau: *Loi vao (Input): noi vi bo cong tac cua DTS-21. - Noi loi vao em CLK vi cong tac xung PS1/loi ra A/TTL. - Noi loi vao xoa CLR vi cong tac xung (Pulser Switch) PS2/ loi ra B/TTL. - Noi loi vao LAMP TEST vi chot TTL/cong tac DS2. Loi ra (output) noi vi LED cua bo ch th logic (LOGIC INDICATORS) cua DTS-21. - Noi loi ra A1 vi LEDO. - Noi loi ra B1 vi LED1. - Noi loi ra C1 vi LED2. - Noi loi ra D1 vi LED3. - Noi loi ra A 2 vi LED4. - Noi loi ra B2 vi LED5. - Noi loi ra C2 vi LED6. - Noi loi ra D2 vi LED7. Hnh D3-2. Bo em 2 so hang vi ch th LED-7 oan. 3. Cong tac DS2/LTEST at 1. Nhan cong tac PS2/CLR. Ghi trang thai cac LED n va LED 7 segment vao bang D3-3. 4. Nhan cong tac xung PS1/CLK e tac dung tn hieu bang tay vao s o. Moi lan ngan xong can thc hien cac ong tac sau: -Quan sat trang thai LED n cua DTS-21 (sang =1, tat =0) va so ch tren LED 7 oan G ket qua vao bang D3-3. 5. Da vao bang ket qua, dch bang ma c so 2 sang c so 10 cho en LED (ng vi trang thai bo em IC1-2). So sanh ma c dch vi so ch th tren LED 7 oan. 6. Ngat loi vao em CLK khoi cong tac xung (Pulser Switch) PS1/TTL va noi vi loi 1Hz/TTL cua may phat xung chuan DTS-21. Nhan PS2/CLR. Quan sat s lam viec cua s o. 7. at cong tac DS2/LTESST lan lt 9 va 1, quan sat hieu ng xay ra. 8. Noi RB1 cua IC4 (so hang chuc)- vi at RBP cua IC4 vi RBI cua IC1 (so hang n v). Cho mach em xung nh muc 6 tren. Nhan xet tnh trang bo em sau khi noi b xung RBI va RBO gia hang chuc va hang n v. Neu vai tro cua RBI va RBO trong viec lam tat so 0 khong co ngha. Bang D3-3.
47
LOI VAO CLR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CLK D2 C2
LOI RA MA BCD B2 A2 D1 C1 B1 A1
DICH MA 2->10
CH SO LED 7 OAN
x10
x1
III. Bo ma hoa Encoder Nhiem vu : Tm hieu nguyen tac bien oi t so ln cac ng rieng thanh ma co so ng nho hn. Cac bc thc hien: 1. bo ma hoa thap phan thanh ma BCD loai c kh. 1.1. noi ra cong tac gay tron TS1 (thumbweel Switch) cua DTS-21 vi bo led ch th cua DTS 21 nh sau : - Chan 8 noi vi LED3. - Chan 4 noi vi LED2. - Chan 2 noi vi LED1. - Chan 1 noi vi LED0. * Noi chan chung COMM cua cong tac gay tron TS1 len nguon +5V. gay lan lt cac so cua cong tac t 0 en 9. Ghi trang thai cac led tng ng vao bang D3-4. Tnh gia tr thap phan cho cac ma loi ra ch th. 1.2. Noi cac chot loi ra cua cong tac gay tron TS1 (Thumbweel switch ) cua DTS21 vi bo ch th so digital display cua DTS-21 nh sau : 1 -> 1, 2 -> 2, 4 -> 4, 8 -> 8 (chu y : loi vao 1 2 4 8 lay cua 1 cot, v du LED1). Gay cong tac chon so t 0 en 9, quan sat so ch th tng ng tren LED 7 oan. 1.3. Thiet ke bo giai ma ien t cho 10 ng thanh ma BCD. Lap bang gia tr cho s o.
48
Cong tac gay tron 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
Loi ra 8 LED3
Bang D3-4. Loi ra 4 Loi ra 2 LED2 LED1
Loi ra 1 LED0
Tnh gia tr thap phan
2. Bo ma hoa 8 ng ieu khien thanh 3 bit loai vi mach : hnh D3-3. 2.1. Cap nguon +5V cho mang s o D3-2.
49
5V LS8 5V LS7 5V LS6 5V LS5 5V LS4 5V LS3 5 5V LS2 5V LS1 5V EI 74LS148 10 11 12 13 1 2 3 4 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 EI Q0 Q1 Q2 EO GS 9 7 6 15 14 A2 A1 A0 CS E0
Hnh D3-3. Bo ma hoa 3 bit dung loai vi mach. Chu y : bo ma hoa co cac ng ieu khien loi ra tac ong mc thap (0). 2.2. Noi mach cua s o hnh D3-3 (IC1) vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau: * Loi vao (Input ) : noi vi bo cong tac DATA & DEBOUNCE SWITCH cua DTS-21: - Noi loi vao I0 vi cong tac logic LS1. - Noi loi vao I1 vi cong tac logic LS2. - Noi loi vao I2 vi cong tac logic LS3. - Noi loi vao I3 vi cong tac logic LS4. - Noi loi vao I4 vi cong tac logic LS5. - Noi loi vao I5 vi cong tac logic LS6. - Noi loi vao I6 vi cong tac logic LS7. - Noi loi vao I7 vi cong tac logic LS8. - Noi loi vao EI (cho phep loi vao ) vi cong tac logic DS1.
50
* Loi ra (Output) noi vi led cua bo ch th logic (LOGIC INDICATORS) cua DTS-21 - Noi loi ra A0 vi LED0. - Noi loi ra A1 vi LED1. - Noi loi ra A2 vi LED2. - Noi loi ra GS vi LED5. - Noi loi ra EO vi LED6. 2.3. at cac cong tac logic LS1-8 va ng vi cac trang thai ghi trong bang D3-5. Theo doi trang thai en led ch th : led sang - trang thai loi ra cua mach la cao (1), led tat - trang thai loi ra cua mach la thap (0). Ghi ket qua vao bang D3-5. Bang D3-5. LOI VAO - INPUT LOI RA - OUTPUT
DS1 LS1 LS2 LS3 LS4 LS5 LS6 LS7 LS8 LED2 LED1 LED0 LED5 LED6
EI 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I0 I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 A2 A1 A0 GR X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 0 X X X X X X 0 1 X X X X X 0 1 1 X X X X 0 1 1 1 X X X 0 1 1 1 1 X X 0 1 1 1 1 1 X 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * X: gia tri bat ky. Ket luan va2 tom tat ve bo ma hoa a khao sat. Neu tnh chat u tien trong bo ma hoa. V. Bo so sanh 4 bit loai vi mach : 1. Noi mach cua s o hnh D3-4 vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau hnh (D3-4): * Loi vao (Input ) : noi vi bo cong tac DATA SWITCH cua DTS-21: - Noi loi vao A0 vi cong tac logic LS5. - Noi loi vao A1 vi cong tac logic LS7. - Noi loi vao A2 vi cong tac logic LS13. - Noi loi vao A3 vi cong tac logic LS15. - Noi loi vao B0 vi cong tac logic LS6. - Noi loi vao B1 vi cong tac logic LS8. - Noi loi vao B2 vi cong tac logic LS14.
EO
51
- Noi loi vao B3 vi cong tac logic LS16. * Loi ra (Output) noi vi led cua bo ch th logic (LOGIC INDICATORS) cua DTS-21 - Noi loi ra ALTBOUT (A<B) vi LED15. - Noi loi ra AEQBOUT (A=B) vi LED14. - Noi loi ra AGTBOUT (A>B) vi LED13. 2. at cac cong tac logic LS5-8 va LS13-16 theo bang D3-5. Xac nh trang thai loi ra OUT theo en led ch th : led sang OUT = 1, led tat OUT=0. Ghi ket qua vao bang D3-6. 3. So sanh cac ma loi vao trong trng hp LED tng ng sang va tat. Ket luan tom tat ve hoat ong cua bo so sanh so. Bang D3-6. STT A3 A2 A1 A0 B3 B2 B1 B0 A<B A=B A>B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 4 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 5 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 6 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 7 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 8 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 9 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 10 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 11 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 12 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
52
13 14 15
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 0 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 1 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 0 1 1
V. Bo em at trc so em cha bo so sanh 2 so hang Nhiem vu : tm hieu nguyen tac xay dng bo em co so em at trc khi s dung bo so sanh. Cac bc thc hien : 1. Cap nguon +5V cho mang s o D3-3 va D3-4. 2. Noi mach cua s o D3-3 vi mach cua D3-4 va DTS-21 nh sau (hnh D3-5) : Noi chan chung COMM cua cong tac gay tron (THUBWHEEL SWITCH / DTS-21) T vi chot TTL cua DS1 va TS2 vi chot TTL cua DS2. Loi vao (input) : noi vi bo cong tac cua DTS-21. - Noi cac chot A0-A1-A2-A3 (IC2 mang D3-3) tng ng vi cac chot 1-24-8 cua cong tac gay tron TS1/DTS-21. - Noi cac chot A0-A1-A2-A3 (IC2 mang D3-3) tng ng vi cac chot 1-24-8 cua cong tac gay tron TS2. - Noi loi vao in (em mang D3-3)vi cong tac xung PS1- chot A/TTL. - Noi chot CLK (xoa) vi chot vao em CLK cua mang D3-4. - Noi loi vao CLR (xoa)vi cong tac xung PS2- chot B/TTL. - Noi A1 B1 C1 D1 (mang D3-4) vi loi vao B0 B1 B2 B3 tng ng cua bo so sanh IC1 (mang D3-3). - Noi A2 B2 C2 D2 (mang D3-4) vi loi vao B0 B1 B2 B3 tng ng cua bo so sanh IC2 (mang D3-3). 3. at DS1=1, DS2=1. at cong tac TS1=5, TS2=1 theo bang D3-7, ghi lai gia tr at cua TS1, TS2. Nhan PS2 e xoa noi dung bo em va xac lap trang thai ban au. Nhan PS1/IN e ghi so lieu vao bo em, theo doi s thay oi so em tng ng tren bo ch th led 7 oan. Ghi ga tr so em khi bo em dng lai khong tang them na. So sanh gia tr nay vi gia tr so at tren TS1 va TS2. Tren c s nguyen tac bo so sanh a khao sat muc IV, giai thch nguyen tac lam viec cua bo em vi at trc so em. 4. at cong tac TS1, TS2 theo cap so la chon tuy y, lap lai bc II.2.
53
5. Co the s dung may phat xung STANDARD GEN/ DTS-21-1Hz OUT / TTL e tao xung em thay cho PS1.
54
BAI 4 : CAC BO CHUYEN MACH PHAN KENH VA HP KENH
A.THIET B S DUNG : 1. thiet b chnh cho thc tap ien t so DTS-21. 2. Dao ong ky hai tia. 3. Khoi th nghiem DE-204 cho bai thc tap ve cac bo chuyen mach hp kenh va phan kenh (Multiplexer &Demultiplexer). Gan len thiet b chnh DTS 21. 4. Phu tung : day co chot cam 2 au. B. CAP NGUON VA NOI DAY Mach DE-204 cha 2 mang s o D4-1,2 vi cac chot cap nguon rieng. Khi s dung mang nao can noi day cap nguon cho mang s o o. at (GND) cua cac mang s o a c noi vi chap at chung : 3. 1. Noi Nguon The Chuan +5V Va at (GND) t bo nguon DC POWER SUPPLY cua thiet b DTS- 21 vi chot +5V va at (GND) cua khoi DE201. 4. Noi nguon the ieu chnh 0 4 +15V (cho linh kien CMOS) t bo nguon DC ADJUST POWER SUPPLY cua thiet b DTS-21 vi chot 0 4 +15V cua khoi DE-204. Nguon mot chieu 0 4 15V co the ieu chnh theo yeu cau bang cach van bien tr chnh nguon. * Chu y cam ung gia tr va phan cc cua nguon. C. CAC BAI THC TAP I. bo chuyen mach hp kenh multiplexer nhiem vu : tm hieu viec noi kenh logic t pha nhieu ng sang pha t ng (hp kenh ) theo a ch chon la. Cac bc thc hien : 1. cap nguon +5V cho mang s o D4-1. 2. Bo hp kenh 1bit (4:1) dung vi mach chuyen dung : 2.1. noi mang s o hnh D4-1 (IC1) vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau (hnh D41a): *Loi vao(Input) noi vi bo cong tac DATA & DEBOUNCE SWITCHS cua DTS21 - Noi loi vao 1C3 vi cong tac logic LS1. - Noi loi vao 1C2 vi cong tac logic LS2. - Noi loi vao 1C1 vi cong tac logic LS3. - Noi loi vao 1C0 vi cong tac logic LS4. - Noi loi vao 2C3 vi cong tac logic LS5.
55
- Noi loi vao 2C2 vi cong tac logic LS6. - Noi loi vao 2C1 vi cong tac logic LS7. - Noi loi vao 2C0 vi cong tac logic LS8. - Noi loi vao 1G vi chot TTL/ cong tac DS1. - Noi loi vao 2G vi chot TTL/ cong tac DS2. - Noi loi vao A vi chot TTL/ cong tac DS3. - Noi loi vao B vi chot TTL/ cong tac DS4. *Loi ra (Output) : noi vi cac led cua bo ch th logic indicators cua DTS-21. - Noi loi ra 1Y vi led0. - Noi loi ra 2Y vi led1. 2.2. at cac cong tac logic LS1 8, DS1-DS4 tng ng vi cac trang thai ghi trong bang D4-1a, quan sat trang thai tng ng cua led ch th : led sang trang thai loi ra cua mach la cao (1), led tat - trang thai loi ra cua mach la thap (0). Ghi ket qua vao bang D4-1a,b, trong o cot trang thai ghi 0 hoac 1 theo ch th cua led tng ng. 2.3. Theo ket qua thu c, nhan xet ve hoat ong cua bo hp kenh nay. Bang D4-1a. STROBE DATA INPUT 1C0 1C1 1C2 1C3 x x x x 0 x x x 1 x x x x 0 x x x 1 x x x x 0 x x x 1 x x x x 0 x x x 1 G1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SELECT IN B A x x 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
OUT 1Y
56
OUT SELECT IN G2 2Y B A 2C0 2C1 2C2 2C3 x x x x x x 1 0 0 0 x x x 0 0 0 1 x x x 0 0 1 x 0 x x 0 0 1 x 1 x x 0 1 0 x x 0 x 0 1 0 x x 1 x 0 1 1 x x x 0 0 1 1 x x x 1 0 x: gia tr bat ky. 3. Bo hp kenh 4bit (2:1) dung vi mach chuyen dung : 3.1. Noi mang s o hnh D4-1 (IC2) vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau (hnh D4-1b): *Loi vao(Input) noi vi bo cong tac DATA & DEBOUNCE SWITCHS cua DTS21 - Noi loi vao 1A vi cong tac logic LS1. - Noi loi vao 1B vi cong tac logic LS2. - Noi loi vao 2A vi cong tac logic LS3. - Noi loi vao 2B vi cong tac logic LS4. - Noi loi vao 3A vi cong tac logic LS5. - Noi loi vao 3B vi cong tac logic LS6. - Noi loi vao 4A vi cong tac logic LS7. - Noi loi vao 4B vi cong tac logic LS8. - Noi loi vao G vi chot TTL/ cong tac DS1. - Noi loi vao S(chon kenh) vi chot TTL/ cong tac DS2. *Loi ra (Output) : noi vi cac led cua bo ch th logic indicators cua DTS-21. - Noi loi ra 1Y vi led0. - Noi loi ra 2Y vi led1. - Noi loi ra 3Y vi led2. - Noi loi ra 4Y vi led3. 3.2. at cac cong tac logic LS1 8, DS1, DS2 tng ng vi cac trang thai ghi trong bang D4-2, quan sat trang thai tng ng cua led ch th : led sang trang thai loi ra cua mach la cao (1), led tat - trang thai loi ra cua mach la thap (0).
Bang D4-1b. STROBE DATA INPUT
57
Ghi ket qua vao bang D4-2, trong o cot trang thai ghi 0 hoac 1 theo ch th cua led tng ng. Hnh D4-1b. bo hp kenh 4bit (2:1) dung vi mach. Bang D4-2. Loi vao input Loi ra - output Trang thai Ky hieu G S 1A 2A 3A 4A 1B 2B 3B 4B 1Y 2Y 3Y 4Y theo loi vao 1 X X X X X X X X 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 X: gia tr bat ky. 3.3. May phat xung CLOCK GENERATOR cua thiet b chnh DTS-21 at tan so phat 10kHz. S dung loi ra TTL cua may phat xung cho th nghiem. 3.4. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 2V/cm. at thi gian quet cua dao ong ky 0.1ms/cm. Chnh cho ca hai tia nam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ong ky. S dung cac nut chnh v th e dch tia theo chieu X va Y ve v tr e quan sat. 3.5. s dung dao ong ky va may phat e do kenh. Noi may phat xung lan lt cho tng cap loi vao A, B va noi kenh 1 dao ong ky vi loi ra tng ng theo s o : 1A may phat xung -> dao
ong ky
1B 2A may phat xung

ong ky
-> dao 2B 3A
may phat xung

ong ky
-> dao 3B 4A
may phat xung

ong ky
-> dao
4B
58
xac nh xem loi ra Y co xung khi may phat ang noi vi kenh nao (A hay B), tng ng vi gia tri S, ghi ket qua vao cot loi ra ky hieu theo loi vao (A hoac B) cua bang D4-2. 4. bo hp kenh 4bit (2:1) dung vi mach chuyen dung : 4.1. noi mang s o hnh D4-1 (IC2) vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau (hnh D4-1b): *Loi vao(Input) noi vi bo cong tac DATA & DEBOUNCE SWITCHS cua DTS21 - Noi loi vao EN vi chot TTL/ cong tac DS1. - Noi loi vao A vi chot TTL/ cong tac DS2. - Noi loi vao B vi chot TTL/ cong tac DS3. - Noi loi vao C vi chot TTL/ cong tac DS4. - Noi cac cong tac logic LS1-LS8 vi cac loi vao t D0-D7. 4.2. May phat xung CLOCK GENERATOR cua thiet b chnh DTS-21 at tan so phat 10kHz. S dung loi ra TTL cua may phat xung cho th nghiem. 3.4. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 2V/cm. at thi gian quet cua dao ong ky 0.1ms/cm. Chnh cho ca hai tia nam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ong ky. S dung cac nut chnh v th e dch tia theo cheu X va Y ve v tr e quan sat. Noi kenh 1 dao ong ky vi loi ra Y. 4.4. at cac cong tac DS1-4 theo bang D4-3, LS1=1, cac LS2-8=0. Tai moi lan at, ghi trang thai loi ra Ytheo en led ch th. Led sang ,Y=1, led tat, Y=0.theo en led ch th. Led sang ,Y=1, led tat, Y=0. Hnh D4-1c. bo hp kenh 1bit (8:1) dung vi mach chuyen dung.
59
Bang D4-3. EN 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A x 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 B x 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 C x 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 LS1-D0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Y
x:gia tr bat ky. 4.5. Lam tng t nh bc 4.4, lan lt at tng cong tac logic LS2,3,4,5,6,7,8=1, cac cong tac con lai 0. II. Bo chuyen mach phan kenh Demultiplexer Nhiem vu : Tm hieu viec noi kenh t pha t ng sang nhieu ng (phan kenh) theo a ch chon la. Cac bc thc hien: 1. Cap the +5V cho mang s o D4-2. 2. Bo phan kenh 2bit (2:4) dung vi mach chuyen dung: 2.1. noi mang s o hnh D4-2 (IC1) vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau (hnh D42a): *Loi vao(Input) noi vi bo cong tac DATA SWITCHS cua DTS-21 - Noi loi vao 1G vi cong tac logic LS1. - Noi loi vao 1C vi cong tac logic LS2. - Noi loi vao A vi cong tac logic LS4. - Noi loi vao B vi cong tac logic LS5. - Noi loi vao 2G vi cong tac logic LS7. - Noi loi vao 2C vi cong tac logic LS8. *Noi cac loi ra 1Y0 1Y3, 2Y0 2Y3 tng ng vi led0 led7. Hnh D4-2a. Bo phan kenh 2bit (2:4) dung vi mach.
60
2.2. at cac cong tac logic LS1 8, theo bang D4-4. Theo doi trang thai en led ch th : led sang chng to loi ra la cao (1), led tat chng to loi ra la thap (0). Ghi ket qua vao bang D4-4, trong o cot trang thai ghi 0 hoac 1 theo ch th cua led tng ng. Lu y loi ra tac ong ng vi mc thap (0). Bang D4-4. B x 0 0 1 1 x A x 0 1 0 1 x 1G 1 0 0 0 0 x 2G 1 0 0 0 0 x 1C x 1 1 1 1 0 2C x 0 0 0 0 1 1Y0 1Y1 1Y2 1Y3
B A x x 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 x x x: gia tr bat ky.
2Y0 2Y1 2Y2 2Y3
3. Bo phan kenh 8bit (1:8) dung vi mach chuyen dung: 3.1. noi mang s o hnh D4-2 (IC2) vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau (hnh D4-2b): *Loi vao(Input) noi vi bo cong tac DATA SWITCHS cua DTS-21 - Noi loi vao A0 vi cong tac logic LS1. - Noi loi vao A1 vi cong tac logic LS2. - Noi loi vao A2 vi cong tac logic LS3. - Noi loi vao Z vi cong tac logic LS5. - Noi loi vao 2G vi cong tac logic LS7. - Noi loi vao E vi cong tac logic LS8. *Noi cac loi ra Y0 Y7 tng ng vi led0 led7.
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2.2. at cac cong tac logic LS1 8, theo bang D4-5. Theo doi trang thai en led ch th : led sang chng to loi ra la cao (1), led tat chng to loi ra la thap (0). Ghi ket qua vao bang D4-5, trong o cot trang thai ghi 0 hoac 1 theo ch th cua led tng ng. Lu y : vi mach CD4051 la bo phan kenh tng t, trong trng hp nay co the s dung nh phan kenh so.
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Bang D4-5 SELECT INPUT E 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A2 x 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A1 x 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 A0 x 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 DATA IN Z x 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 DATA OUTPUT Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7
Hnh D4-2b. bo chuyen mach phan kenh 1:8.

+5V +5V LS1 1 2 +5V LS2
1G 1C
16
7 6 5 4
1Y0 1Y1 1Y2 1Y3
0 1 2 3
1 DATA1
+5V LS4 +5V LS5 5
A
13
SELECTIN SELECTIN
IC1 74LS155 9 10 11
2Y0 2Y1 2Y2 2Y3
4 5 6 7
+5V LS7 7 +5V LS8 8
2G 2C
14 15
DATA2
12 8
63
III. tao ng bus truyen so lieu (Buses) nhiem vu : tm hieu cach giam bt so ng day noi gia hai tram truyen ieu khien , khi s dung cac bo hp kenh va phan kenh cac au ra va va cua bo truyen. Cac bc thc hien: 1. Cap the +5V cho mang s o D4-1 va D4-2. 2. noi mang s o hnh D4-1 (IC2) vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau (hnh D41b): *Loi vao(Input) noi vi bo cong tac DATA & DEBOUNCE SWITCHS cua DTS21 - Noi loi vao EN vi chot TTL/ cong tac DS1. - Noi loi vao A vi chot TTL/ cong tac DS2. - Noi loi vao B vi chot TTL/ cong tac DS3. - Noi loi vao C vi chot TTL/ cong tac DS4. - Noi cac cong tac logic LS1-LS8 vi cac loi vao t D0-D7. Hnh D4-3. ng bus truyen ieu khien i xa. 3. noi mang s o hnh D4-2 (IC2) vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau (hnh D42b): *Loi vao(Input) noi vi bo cong tac DATA SWITCHS cua DTS-21 - Noi loi vao A0 vi chot TTL / DS1. - Noi loi vao A1 vi chot TTL / DS2. - Noi loi vao A2 vi chot TTL / DS3. - Noi loi vao Z (IC2- D4-2)vi loi ra Y(IC3-D4-1). - Noi loi vao E vi at. *Noi cac loi ra Y0 Y7 tng ng vi led0 led7. 4. tao trang thai bat ky cho cac loi vao D0-D7, la chon a ch A,B,C, ghi ma ra tng ng theo en led ch th. Lap bang ket qua va nhan xet ve tnh nang lam viec cua s o.
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BAI 5 : CAC S O PHAT VA HNH THANH XUNG
A. THIET B S DUNG : 1. thiet b chnh cho thc tap ien t so DTS-21. 2. Dao ong ky 2 tia. 3. Khoi th nghiem DE-205 cho bai thc tap ve cac s o phat va hnh thanh tn hieu (gan len thiet b chnh DTS 21). 4. Phu tung : day co chot cam hai au. B. CAP NGUON VA NOI DAY Mach DE-205cha 3 mang s o D5-1,2,3 vi cac chot cap nguon rieng. Khi s dung mang nao can noi day cap nguon cho mang s o o. at (GND) cua cac mang s o a c noi vi chap at chung : 1. Noi Nguon The Chuan +5V Va at (GND) t bo nguon DC POWER SUPPLY cua thiet b DTS- 21 vi chot +5V va at (GND) cua khoi DE-201. 2. Noi nguon the ieu chnh 0 +15V (cho linh kien CMOS) t bo nguon DC ADJUST POWER SUPPLY cua thiet b DTS-21 vi chot 0 +15V cua khoi DE-204. Nguon mot chieu 0 +15V co the ieu chnh theo yeu cau bang cach van bien tr chnh nguon. C. CAC BAI THC TAP I. S o thi gian tren vi mach 555 Nhiem vu :Tm hieu nguyen tac hoat ong cua vi mach 555 trong che o phat va hnh thanh o rong xung vi o chnh xac cao. 1. Cap nguon +5V cho mang s o D5-1. 2. May phat xung CLOCK GENERATOR cua thiet b chnh DTS-21 at tan so phat 10kHz. S dung loi ra TTL cua may phat xung cho th nghiem. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 2V/cm. at thi gian quet cua dao ong ky 0.1ms/cm. Chnh cho ca hai tia nam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ong ky. S dung cac nut chnh v th e dch tia theo cheu X va Y ve v tr e quan sat. 3. May phat xung vuong goc :hnh D5-1a. 3.1. Noi kenh 1 dao dong ky vi loi ra OUT. S dung kenh 2 dao ong ky e quan sat tn hieu tai cac iem E IC1/7, F- IC1/2-6. 3.2. Van bien tr P1 v tr cc tieu. o bien o tn hieu ra, thi gian keo dai xung ra tx, chu ky T, tan so may phat f=1/T, ve dang tn hieu tai cac iem E, F.
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3.3. Van bien tr P1 v tr cc ai. o bien o tn hieu ra, thi gian keo dai xung ra tx, chu ky T, tan so may phat f=1/T, ve dang tn hieu tai cac iem E, F. xac nh khoang tan so lam viec cua may phat. Hnh D5-1a, s o may phat xung tren vi mach 555. 3.4. Noi J1 e tang tu C(C=C1//C2). Gi P1 cc ai. o bien o tn hieu ra, thi gian keo dai xung ra tx, chu ky xung T, tan so may phat f=1/T,ve dang tn hieu tai cac iem E, F. 3.5. Ve gian o hnh thanh xung cua mach trong o bieu dien : - Dang tn hieu tai cac iem IC1/7. - Dang tn hieu tai cac iem IC1/6-2. -Dang xung ra OUT, tng ng vi xung tai cac iem IC1/6-2. 3.6. So sanh cac gia tr o vi gia tr tnh toan : T=T1+T2. Trong o :T1 (thi gian nap cho tu C1), T2 thi gian phong tu C1. T1=0.693.(R1+P1+R2).C1. T2=0.693.R2.C1. 4. S o n hai :hnh D5-1b. 4.1. Noi may phat xung DTS-21 (1KHz,TTL) vi loi vao IN /D5-1b.Noi kenh 1 dao dong ky vi loi ra OUT. S dung kenh 2 dao ong ky e quan sat tn hieu tai IN, E IC2/7, F- IC2/6. 4.2. Van bien tr P2 v tr cc tieu. o bien o tn hieu ra, thi gian keo dai xung ra tx, ve dang tn hieu tai cac iem E, F. 4.3. Van bien tr P2 v tr cc ai. o bien o tn hieu ra, thi gian keo dai xung ra tx, ve dang tn hieu tai cac iem E, F. xac nh khoang o rong hnh thanh cua xung ra. 4.4. Noi J2 e tang tu C(C=C6//C7). Gi P2 cc ai. o bien o tn hieu ra, thi gian keo dai xung ra tx, ve dang tn hieu tai cac iem E, F. 4.5. Ve gian o hnh thanh xung cua mach trong o bieu dien : - Dang xung vao tai IN. - Dang xung vao tai F. Dang xung ra OUT, tng ng vi xung vao. Hnh D5-1b. s o hnh thanh xung tren vi mach 555. 5. Mach tao xung xoa khi bat nguon: 5.1. Noi chot out hnh D5-1b. 5.2. thao day nguon chot +5V cua s o D5-1b, th chap au giay va thao vao chot +5V. theo doi en led va dang xung tren man dao ong ky moi khi chap chot e cap nguon cho s o.
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II. Hnh thanh xung vi thi gian chnh xac tren vi mach. Nhiem vu : Tm hieu nguyen tac hoat ong cua s o n hai hnh thanh o rong xung co o chnh xac cao. Cac buc thc hien : 1. cap nguon +5V cho mang s o D5-2. 5. May phat xung CLOCK GENERATOR cua thiet b chnh DTS-21 at tan so phat 10kHz. S dung loi ra TTL cua may phat xung cho th nghiem. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 2V/cm. at thi gian quet cua dao ong ky 0.1ms/cm. Chnh cho ca hai tia nam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ong ky. S dung cac nut chnh v th e dch tia theo cheu X va Y ve v tr e quan sat. 6. Tren s o hnh D6-4, IC1 (74LS122), co cac loi vao : - A1, A2 : Tac ong vi tn hieu mc thap (0). Khi s dung 1 loi vao A1 hoac A2, can noi loi vao con lai vi at. Hnh D5-2. Bo hnh thanh xung thi gian tren vi mach 74LS122. - CLR : cho phep ieu khien o rong xung ra khi can thiet. Mc nhay t cao xuong thap CD se a IC1 ve trang thai ban au, lam ngat (xoa) tn hieu ra. - Loi vao B1, B2 tac ong vi khi tn hieu nhay t 0->1. 6. Trong th nghiem can noi mach nh sau : khong noi J1. Noi A1 vi cong tac logic LS8 cua DATA SWITCHES / DTS-21. Noi A2 vi cong tac logic LS7 cua DATA SWITCHES / DTS-21. Noi B1 vi cong tac logic LS6 cua DATA SWITCHES / DTS-21. Noi kenh 1 dao ong kyvi loi vao B2. S dung kenh 2 dao ong ky e quan sat tn hieu ra tai IC1/13, IC1/11 va loi ra Q va Q. *at cac cong tac LS7, LS8 0 va LS6 1. Quan sat va ve lai dang tn hieu, lap bieu o thi gian cho s o : Dang tn hieu tai IC1/13. Dang tn hieu tai IC1/11. Dang xung ra tai Q va Q, xac nh khoang rung cua mat tang va mat giam xung. So sanh vi bo hnh thanh xung trong muc II. 7. Van bien tr P1 v tr cc tieu. o bien o tn hieu ra, thi gian keo dai xung ra tx.
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8. Van bien tr P1 v tr cc ai. o bien o tn hieu ra, thi gian keo dai xung ra tx. 9. Noi J1 e tang tu C(C=C1//C2). Gi P1 cc ai. o bien o tn hieu ra, thi gian keo dai xung ra tx. 10. So sanh cac gia tr o vi gia tr tnh toan : tx = 0.32(R1+P1).C1(1+0.7/R1+P1)). III. May phat xung chng trnh nhiem vu : tm hieu nguyen tac hoat ong cua may phat xung co nhieu loi ra tren c s bo em chia tan. Cac bc thc hien : 1. cap nguon +5V cho mang s o D5-3. 2. May phat xung CLOCK GENERATOR cua thiet b chnh DTS-21 at tan so phat 10kHz. S dung loi ra TTL cua may phat xung cho th nghiem. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 2V/cm. at thi gian quet cua dao ong ky 0.1ms/cm. Chnh cho ca hai tia nam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ong ky. S dung cac nut chnh v th e dch tia theo cheu X va Y ve v tr e quan sat. Hnh D5-3. May phat xung chng trnh 3. s dung dao ong ky quan sat xung ra tai cac chan Q4-Q14. Van bien tr P1 e thay oi tan so phat, quan sat s thay oi tan so loi ra cac chan Q4-Q14. 4. Xac nh moi quan he tan so gia cac loi ra Q4-Q14.
68
BAI 6 : S O TRIGGER VA BO GHI (1)

A.THIET B S DUNG : 1. thiet b chnh cho thc tap ien t so DTS-21. 2. Dao ong ky hai tia. 3. Khoi th nghiem DE-204 cho bai thc tap ve cac bo chuyen mach hp kenh va phan kenh (Multiplexer &Demultiplexer). Gan len thiet b chnh DTS 21. 4. Phu tung : day co chot cam 2 au. B. CAP NGUON VA NOI DAY Khoi DE-206 cha 3 mang s o D6-1,2,3 vi cac chot cap nguon rieng. Khi s dung mang nao can noi day cap nguon cho mang s o o. at (GND) cua cac mang s o a c noi vi chap at chung : 1. Noi Nguon The Chuan +5V Va at (GND) t bo nguon DC POWER SUPPLY cua thiet b DTS- 21 vi chot +5V va at (GND) cua khoi DE-206. 2. Noi nguon the ieu chnh 0 +15V (cho linh kien CMOS) t bo nguon DC ADJUST POWER SUPPLY cua thiet b DTS-21 vi chot 0 +15V cua khoi DE-206. Nguon mot chieu 0 +15V co the ieu chnh theo yeu cau bang cach van bien tr chnh nguon. C. CAC BAI THC TAP I. trigger D nhiem vu : tm hieu hoat ong cua trigger D. 1. Cap the +5V cho mang s o D6-1 . 2. noi mach cua mang D6-1 vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau (hnh D6-1a): *Loi vao(Input) noi vi bo cong tac DATA & PULSER SWITCHS cua DTS-21 - Noi loi vao PR vi cong tac logic LS1. - Noi loi vao CLR vi cong tac logic LS2. - Noi loi vao D vi cong tac logic LS4. - Noi loi vao CK vi cong tac xung PS1 chot A/TTL. *Loi ra (Output): noi vi cac led cua bo ch th logic (logic indicators) cua thiet b chnh DTS-21 - Noi loi ra Q vi led0. - Noi loi ra Q- vi led1. 3. at cac cong tac logic LS1 2, va LS4 tng ng vi cac trang thai ghi trong bang D6-1, quan sat trang thai tng ng cua led ch th : led sang - trang thai loi ra cua mach la cao (1), led tat - trang thai loi ra cua mach la thap (0). Ghi ket qua vao bang D6-1.
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Hnh D6-1a. trigger D loai vi mach. Bang D6-1. LS4 LS1 D PR X 0 X 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 X: gia tr bat ky. : nhan cong tac xung. LS2 CLR 1 0 1 1 1 1 PS1 Xung X X Q
II. Thanh chot d lieu latch nhiem vu : tm hieu nguyen tac chot d lieu bang vi mach chuyen dung cha 8 trigger D. cac bc thc hien : 1. Cap the +5V cho mang s o D6-1 . 2. noi mach cua mang D6-1 vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau (hnh D6-1b): *Loi vao(Input) noi vi bo cong tac cua DTS-21 - Noi loi vao 1D vi cong tac logic LS1. - Noi loi vao 2D vi cong tac logic LS2. - Noi loi vao 3D vi cong tac logic LS3. - Noi loi vao 4D vi cong tac logic LS4. - Noi loi vao 5D vi cong tac logic LS5. - Noi loi vao 6D vi cong tac logic LS6. - Noi loi vao 7D vi cong tac logic LS7. - Noi loi vao 8D vi cong tac logic LS8. - Noi loi vao OE (dieu khien loi ra) vi chot TTL- cong tac DS1. - Noi loi vao CK vi cong tac xung PS1 chot A/TTL. *Loi ra (Output): noi vi cac led cua bo ch th logic (logic indicators) cua thiet b chnh DTS-21 hnh D6-1b. thanh chot so lieu.
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- noi loi ra 1Q vi led0. - noi loi ra 2Q vi led1. - noi loi ra 3Q vi led2. - noi loi ra 4Q vi led3. - noi loi ra 5Q vi led4. - noi loi ra 6Q vi led5. - noi loi ra 7Q vi led6. - noi loi ra 8Q vi led7. 3. at cac cong tac LS1-8, DS1 va nhan DS1 theo bang D6-2. Xac nh trang thai loi ra Q theo cac Led : led sang Q=1, led tat Q=0. Ghi ket qua vao bang D6-2. 4. Phat bieu tom tat ve nguyen tac lam viec cua thanh chot a khao sat. Bang D6-2 O CK 8D 7D 6D 5D 4D 3D 2D 1D 8Q 7Q 6Q 5Q 4Q 3Q 2Q 1Q E 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III. Trigger J k Nhiem vu : Tm hieu nguyen tac hoat ong cua trigger J-K. cac bc thc hien : 1. Cap the +5V cho mang s o D6-1 . 2. noi mach cua mang D6-1 vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau (hnh D6-1b): *Loi vao(Input) noi vi bo cong tac cua DTS-21 - Noi loi vao PR vi cong tac logic LS1. - Noi loi vao CLR vi cong tac logic LS2. - Noi loi vao J vi cong tac logic LS3. - Noi loi vao K vi cong tac logic LS4. - Noi loi vao CK vi cong tac xung PS1 chot A/TTL. *Loi ra (Output): noi vi cac led cua bo ch th logic (logic indicators) cua thiet b chnh DTS-21. - noi loi ra Q vi led0. - noi loi ra -Q vi led1.
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5V +V +V 5V 5V 1 LS1 3 LS3 PS1 A/TTL 5V +V 5V
PR J CK K CLR 16
Q6 _ Q 7 5 2J 4 CP 3 K S
+V
Q Q
0 1
4 LS4 2 LS2
Hnh D6-2. Trigger J-K. 3. at cac cong tac LS tng ng vi cac trang thai ghi trong bang D6-3. Nhan cong tac xung PS1, theo doi trang thai Led : led sang Q=1, led tat Q=0. Ghi ket qua vao bang D6-3. Lu y gia tr K la ngc vi gia tr loi vao K. LOI VAO / INPUTS PR CLR CK J K LOI RA / OUTPUTS Q Q
0 1 X X X 1 0 X X X 0 0 X X 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 X X : Nhan cong tac xung. IV. bo ghi dch Shift rebister Nhiem vu : Tm hieu nguyen tac chot d lieu bang vi mach chuyen dung cha 8 trigger D. cac bc thc hien : 1. Cap the +5V cho mang s o D6-1 . 2. noi mach cua mang D6-3 vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau (hnh D6-3): *Loi vao(Input) noi vi bo cong tac cua DTS-21 - Noi loi vao A vi cong tac logic LS1. - Noi loi vao B vi cong tac logic LS2. - Noi loi vao C vi cong tac logic LS3. - Noi loi vao D vi cong tac logic LS4. - Noi loi vao E vi cong tac logic LS5. - Noi loi vao F vi cong tac logic LS6.
+V
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- Noi loi vao G vi cong tac logic LS7. - Noi loi vao H vi cong tac logic LS8. - Noi loi vao SHIFT/LOAD (SH/LD) vi cong tac DS1 chot TTL. - Noi loi vao SERIAL IN (SR) vi cong tac DS2 chot TTL. - Noi loi vao CK INHIBIT (CKI) vi cong tac DS3 chot TTL. - Noi loi vao CK vi cong tac xung PS1 chot A/TTL. - Noi loi vao CLEAR vi cong tac xung PS2 chot -B/TTL. *Loi ra SEROUT noi vi led0 cua bo ch th logic (logic indicators) cua thiet b chnh DTS-21 at cac cong tac LS1-8, DS1-3 theo bang D6-4 e chuan b ghi cac ma song song vao cac trigger D. nhan PS1-CK e ghi cac ma t cac loi vao song song (A- H) vao cac bo ghi (IC1). e dch ma can chuyen DS1 (sh/ld) t 0->1 va nhan PS1 CK. Xac nh trang thai loi ra 1Q 4Q theo trang thai cac Led : led sang Q=1, led tat Q=0. Ghi ket qua vao bang D6-4. Hnh D6-3. Bo ghi dch dung vi mach. Bang D6-4 PS2 SH/ DS2 DS3 PS LS LS7 LS6 8 G F CLR LD SR CKI 1 CK H X X X X 1 X X 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 X 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 X X H
LS5 E
LS4 D
LS3 C
LS2 B
LS1 A
SER OUT
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BAI 7 : S O TRIGGER VA BO GHI (2)

A. THIET B S DUNG : 1. thiet b chnh cho thc tap ien t so DTS-21. 2. Dao ong ky hai tia. 3. Khoi th nghiem DE-207 cho bai thc tap ve cac bo chuyen mach hp kenh va phan kenh (Multiplexer &Demultiplexer). Gan len thiet b chnh DTS 21. 4. Phu tung : day co chot cam 2 au. B. CAP NGUON VA NOI DAY Mach DE-207 cha 5 mang s o D7-15, vi cac chot cap nguon rieng. Khi s dung mang nao can noi day cap nguon cho mang s o o. at (GND) cua cac mang s o a c noi vi chap at chung : 5. Noi Nguon The Chuan +5V Va at (GND) t bo nguon DC POWER SUPPLY cua thiet b DTS- 21 vi chot +5V va at (GND) cua khoi DE-207. 6. Noi nguon the ieu chnh 0 +15V (cho linh kien CMOS) t bo nguon DC ADJUST POWER SUPPLY cua thiet b DTS-21 vi chot 0 +15V cua khoi DE-206. Nguon mot chieu 0 +15V co the ieu chnh theo yeu cau bang cach van bien tr chnh nguon. C. CAC BAI THC TAP I. Bo em oi (nh phan) nhiem vu : tm hieu cau truc va nguyen tac hoat ong cua s o em oi. Cac bc thc hien : 1. Cap the +5V cho mang s o D7-1 . 2. noi mach cua s o hnh D7-1 vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau : *Loi vao(Input) noi vi bo cong tac DATA & PULSER SWITCHS cua DTS-21 - Noi loi vao IN vi cong tac xung PS1 chot A/TTL. - Noi loi vao CLR vi cong tac xung PS2 chot -B/TTL. *Loi ra (Output): noi vi cac led cua bo ch th logic (logic indicators) cua thiet b chnh DTS-21 - noi loi ra QA vi led12. - noi loi ra QB vi led13. - noi loi ra QC vi led14. - noi loi ra QD vi led15. 3. Thc hien cac ong tac theo bang D7-1. Nhan PS2 e xoa bo em, nhan PS1 / IN CK e tao tn hieu a vao bo em. Moi lan nhan PS1, xac nh trang thai loi ra QA QD theo trang thai cac led
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:led sang Q=1, led tat Q=0. Ghi ket qua vao bang D7-1. Tnh gia tr thap phan tng ng vi so em nh phan va so sanh vi so lan nhan PS1 tao xung vao. Bang D7-1. SO TH T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 PS2 CLR 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 PS1 IN x QD QC QB QA Tnh gia tr thap phan
Hnh D7-1. Bo em oi 4 bit. 4. May phat xung CLOCK GENERATOR cua thiet b chnh DTS-21 at tan so phat 10Hz. S dung loi ra TTL cua may phat xung cho th nghiem. Noi may phat xung ti loi vao IN/CK cua s o D7-1 ( thay cho cong tac xung PS1). Quan sat trang thai bo led ch th. 5. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 2V/cm. at thi gian quet cua dao ong ky 0.1ms/cm. at dao ong ky che o ngoai vi xung t may phat DTS-21 Chnh cho ca hai tia nam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ong ky. S dung cac nut chnh v th e dch tia theo cheu X va Y ve v tr e quan sat.
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Tang tan so may phat len 10kHz. Noi kenh 1 dao ong ky vi loi vao IN/CK. S dung kenh 2 dao dong ky e quan sat tn hieu ra tai QA, QB, QC, QD theo xung vao. II. Bo em 4 bit, bo chia, bo em vong nhiem vu : tm hieu hoat ong cua bo em chuyen dung 4 bit va cac s o ng dung. Cac bc thc hien : 1. Cap the +5V cho mang s o D7-2 . 2. Bo em oi 4 bit : 2.2. noi mach cua s o hnh D7-2 vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau : *Loi vao(Input) noi vi bo cong tac DEBOUNCE & PULSER SWITCHS cua DTS-21 - Noi loi vao CK vi cong tac xung PS1 chot A/TTL. - Noi loi vao CLR vi chot TTL cong tac DS1. *Loi ra (Output): noi vi cac led cua bo ch th logic (logic indicators) cua thiet b chnh DTS-21 - noi loi ra QA vi led12. - noi loi ra QB vi led13. - noi loi ra QC vi led14. - noi loi ra QD vi led15. Hnh D7-2. Bo em chuyen dung 4 bit. 2.2. at DS1 1, nhan PS1 e xoa bo em (IC1 la bo em ong bo xoa tn hieu theo CK). at lai DS1 =0. Nhan PS1 / CK e tao tn hieu a vao bo em. Xac nh trang thai loi ra QA - QD theo cac Led : led sang Q=1, led tat Q=0. Ghi ket qua vao bang D7-2. Tnh gia tr thap phan tng ng vi so em nh phan va so sanh vi so lan nhan PS1 tao xung vao (bang D7-2).
Bang D7-2.
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SO TH T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
DS1 CLR 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PS1 CK
4Q
3Q
2Q
1Q
Tnh gia tr thap phan
2.3. May phat xung CLOCK GENERATOR cua thiet b chnh DTS-21 at tan so phat 10Hz. S dung loi ra TTL cua may phat xung cho th nghiem. Noi may phat xung ti loi vao IN/CK cua s o D7-2 ( thay cho cong tac xung PS1). Quan sat trang thai bo led ch th. 2.4. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 2V/cm. at thi gian quet cua dao ong ky 0.1ms/cm. at dao ong ky che o ngoai vi xung t may phat DTS-21 Chnh cho ca hai tia nam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ong ky. S dung cac nut chnh v th e dch tia theo cheu X va Y ve v tr e quan sat. Tang tan so may phat len 10kHz. Noi kenh 1 dao ong ky vi loi vao IN/CK. S dung kenh 2 dao dong ky e quan sat tn hieu ra tai QA, QB, QC, QD. 2.5. ve gian o xung mo ta xung ra tai QA,QB, QC, QD theo xung vao. 3. bo chia tan em vong: 2.1. Noi mach cua s o D7-2 vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau : *Loi vao(Input) noi vi bo cong tac cua DTS-21
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- Noi loi vao CK vi cong tac xung PS1 chot A/TTL. - Noi J1 e lien he loi vao xoa CLR/IC1 vi cac loi ra Q la chon. - Noi loi vao CLR vi chot TTL cong tac DS1. *Loi ra (Output): noi vi cac led cua bo ch th logic (logic indicators) cua thiet b chnh DTS-21, giong nh muc II.2. 3.2. v du : noi A x 1 va B x 4. at DS1=1, nhan PS1 e xoa bo em, sau o at DS1=0. Nhan PS1/CK e ghi so lieu vao bo em. Xac nh trang thai loi ra QA - QD theo cac Led : led sang Q=1, led tat Q=0. Ghi ket qua vao bang D7-3. Tnh gia tr thap phan tng ng vi so em nh phan va so sanh vi so lan nhan PS1 tao xung vao. Bang D7-3 cho A x 1, B x 2. DS1 xoa 1 SO TH T 1 2 3 4 5 PS1 CK-IN Tnh gia tr thap phan
QD QC QB QA
Ket luan xem ay la bo chia may ( sau bao nhieu xung bo em tr lai trang thai ban au ?). 3.3. noi chot A, B vi cac cap chot ra tuy chon trong 1-2-4-8 / IC1. Lap lai th nghiem nh muc 3.2. lap bang D7-4 tng t nh D7-3 e ghi trang thai ra cua s o. III. Bo em mi (thap phan). Nhiem vu : Tm hieu nguyen tac hoat ong cua vi mach em mi vi ma BCD. Cac bc thc hien : 1. Cap the +5V cho mang s o D7-3 . 2. noi mach cua s o hnh D7-3 vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau : *Loi vao(Input) noi vi bo cong tac DATA & PULSER SWITCHS cua DTS-21 Noi loi vao START (khi ong) vi cong tac logic LS1. Noi loi vao IN/CK vi cong tac xung PS1 chot A/TTL.
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- Noi loi vao RESET (xoa) vi cong tac xung PS2 chot -B/TTL *Loi ra (Output): noi vi cac led cua bo ch th logic indicators & digital display cua thiet b chnh DTS-21. - Noi QA : vi led0 va ong thi vi loi vao 1/ led1 cua bo ch th led 7 oan- DIGITAL DISPLAY /DTS-21. - Noi QB : vi led1 va ong thi vi loi vao 2/ led1 cua bo ch th led 7 oan- DIGITAL DISPLAY /DTS-21. - Noi QC : vi led2 va ong thi vi loi vao 4/ led1 cua bo ch th led 7 oan- DIGITAL DISPLAY /DTS-21. - Noi QD : vi led3 va ong thi vi loi vao 8/ led1 cua bo ch th led 7 oan- DIGITAL DISPLAY /DTS-21.
5V +V
PS1 +V 5V 1
A/TTL
IN/CK 1 START 2 RESET
PS2
LS1 B/TTL
1 CP1 14 CP0 3 MR2 2 MR1 7 MS2 6 MS1
Q0 12 Q1 9 Q2 8 Q3 11
QA QB QC QD QA QB QC QD
0 1 2 3 1 LED1 2 DIGITAL 4 DISPLAY 8
74LS90
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SO TH T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Hnh D7-3. Bo em mi. 3. at cong tac LS1 theo bang D7-5. Nhan PS1 e xoa noi dung bo em va xac lap trang thai ban au. Nhan PS1/IN/CK e ghi so lieu vao bo em. Xac nh trang thai loi ra QA - QD theo cac Led : led sang Q=1, led tat Q=0. Ghi gia tr so tren led 7 oan vao bang D7-5. Bang D7-5. So sanh gia tr ma nh phan va ma thap phan thu c. 4. May phat xung CLOCK GENERATOR cua thiet b chnh DTS-21 at tan so phat 10Hz. S dung loi ra TTL cua may phat xung cho th nghiem. Noi may phat xung ti loi vao IN/CK cua s o D7-3 ( thay cho cong tac xung PS1). 5. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 2V/cm. at thi gian quet cua dao ong ky 0.1ms/cm. at dao ong ky che o ngoai vi xung t may phat DTS-21 Chnh cho ca hai tia nam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ong ky. S dung cac nut chnh v th e dch tia theo cheu X va Y ve v tr e quan sat. Tang tan so may phat len 10kHz. Noi kenh 1 dao ong ky vi loi vao IN/CK. S dung kenh 2 dao dong ky e quan sat tn hieu ra tai QA, QB, QC, QD. 6. ve gian o xung mo ta xung ra tai QA,QB, QC, QD theo xung vao. IV. Bo em thuan - ngc Nhiem vu :
LS1 START 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
PS2 RESET
PS1 IN
QD QC QB QA
CH TH LED 7 OAN
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Tm hieu cau truc va nguyen tac hoat ong cua bo em thuan ngc 8 bit ma BCD. Cac bc thc hien : 1. Cap the +5V cho mang s o D7-4 . 2. Noi mach cua s o hnh D7-4 vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau : *Loi vao(Input) noi vi cac cong tac cua DTS-21: - Noi chot COMM cua cong tac gay tron TS1, TS2 vi chot TTL / cong tac DS3, DS4. - Noi loi vao 1A/IC2 vi chot 1 cua cong tac gay tron TS1. - Noi loi vao 1B/IC2 vi chot 2 cua cong tac gay tron TS1. - Noi loi vao 1C/IC2 vi chot 4 cua cong tac gay tron TS1. - Noi loi vao 1D/IC2 vi chot 8 cua cong tac gay tron TS1. - Noi loi vao 2A/IC2 vi chot 1 cua cong tac gay tron TS2. - Noi loi vao 2B/IC2 vi chot 2 cua cong tac gay tron TS2. - Noi loi vao 2C/IC2 vi chot 4 cua cong tac gay tron TS2. - Noi loi vao 2D/IC2 vi chot 8 cua cong tac gay tron TS2. - Noi loi vao D/U chon em ngc (D) hoac thuan (U) vi cong tac logic LS1. - Noi loi vao LOAD (nap) vi cong tac logic LS2. - Noi loi vao ENABLE (cho phep) vi cong tac logic LS3. - Noi loi vao CK/IN (em) vi cong tac xung PS1 chot A/TTL. *Loi ra (Output): noi vi bo ch th digital display cua thiet b chnh DTS-21. - Noi QA1 vi loi vao 1/LED1 cua bo ch th LED 7 oan / DIGITAL DISPLAY/DTS-21. - Noi QB1 vi loi vao 2/LED1 cua bo ch th LED 7 oan / DIGITAL DISPLAY/DTS-21. - Noi QC1 vi loi vao 4/LED1 cua bo ch th LED 7 oan / DIGITAL DISPLAY/DTS-21. - Noi QD1 vi loi vao 8/LED1 cua bo ch th LED 7 oan / DIGITAL DISPLAY/DTS-21. - Noi QA2 vi loi vao 1/LED1 cua bo ch th LED 7 oan / DIGITAL DISPLAY/DTS-21. - Noi QB2 vi loi vao 2/LED1 cua bo ch th LED 7 oan / DIGITAL DISPLAY/DTS-21. - Noi QC2 vi loi vao 4/LED1 cua bo ch th LED 7 oan / DIGITAL DISPLAY/DTS-21. - Noi QD2 vi loi vao 8/LED1 cua bo ch th LED 7 oan / DIGITAL DISPLAY/DTS-21. Hnh D7-4. Bo em thuan ngc 8 bit ma BCD.
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3. Bo em thuan (em tien): 3.1. at cac cong tac theo bang D7-6. at LS1=0 e thc hien em thuan. at DS3=1, DS4=1, TS2=8, TS1=9 e toa so lieu ban au nap vao bo em. at cong tac LS3=0 e m bo em. Bat cong tac LS2 t 1->0 va sau o tra ve v tr ban au e nap ma t cac loi vao song song(ma BCD) cho bo em. Nhan PS1 / IN e ghi so lieu vao bo em cho en khi so em ch th tren led 7 oan dng lai khong tang them na. Xac nh trang thai bo em tai v tr dng theo gia tr tren led 7 oan. Ghi ket qua vao bang D7-6. 3.2. Lap bang cho th nghiem tng t vi tai lieu vao la : TS2=7, TS1=9. Co the dung tn hieu t may phat tan so 10Hz thay cho xung nhan t PS1. 3.3. May phat xung CLOCK GENERATOR cua thiet b chnh DTS-21 at tan so phat 10Hz. S dung loi ra TTL cua may phat xung cho th nghiem. 3.4. Noi may phat xung vi loi vao IN/CK cua s o D7-4. at cac cong tac gay tron TS2=0, TS1=1 e nap vao bo em so nho nhat, cho phep bo em hoat ong trong khoang thi gian dai e de quan sat tn hieu. Bang D7-6 IEU KHIEN LS1 D/U 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LS3 ENABL E 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LS2 LOAD 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 PS1 IN TAI LIEU VAO TS2 TS1 LED-7/2 LED-7/1 8 8 9 9 CH TH LED 7 OAN
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Chu y : bo em dng lai khi xuat hien carry. So nhp tien se bang so ch th khi bo em dng (99) tr72 i so at. 3.5. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 2V/cm. at thi gian quet cua dao ong ky 0.1ms/cm. at dao ong ky che o ngoai vi xung t may phat DTS-21 Chnh cho ca hai tia nam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ong ky. S dung cac nut chnh v th e dch tia theo cheu X va Y ve v tr e quan sat. Noi kenh 1 dao ong ky vi loi vao IN. s dung kenh 2 dao ong ky e quan sat tn hieu ra tai QA, QB, QC, QD cua IC2 va IC3. Chan RCO (CARRY)- 13/IC2 va 13/IC3. 3.6. ve gian o xung mo ta xung ra tai QA, QB, QC, QD cua IC2 va IC3 va cac tn hieu RSO(CARRY) theo xung vao. 3.7. Tren c s gian o xung, giai thch xem tai sao s o khi em thuan lai dng em khi at ti so em cc ai. 4. bo em ngc (em lui) : 4.1. gi nguyen s o noi cho mang D7-4 vi cac mach cua DTS-21 ( nh muc IV.3). 4.2. at cac cong tac theo bang D7-7. at LS1 e thc hien em ngc. at DS3=1, DS4=1, at TS1=1, TS2=1 e tao so lieu ban au nap vao bo em. at cong tac LS3= 0 e m bo em. Bat cong tac LS2 t 1->0 va sau o tra ve v tr ban au e nap ma t cac loi vao song song (ma BCD) cho bo em. Nhan PS1 / IN e ghi so lieu vao bo em en khi so em ch th tren led 7 oan. Ghi ket qua vao bang D7-7. 4.3. Lap bang th nghiem tng t vi tai lieu vao la : TS2=2, TS1=4. Co the dung tn hieu t may phat tan so 10 Hz thay cho xung nhan PS1 4.4. May phat xung CLOCK GENERATOR cua thiet b chnh DTS-21 at tan so phat 10Hz. S dung loi ra TTL cua may phat xung cho th nghiem. 4.5. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 2V/cm. at thi gian quet cua dao ong ky 0.1ms/cm. at dao ong ky che o ngoai vi xung t may phat DTS-21 Chnh cho ca hai tia nam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ong ky. S dung cac nut chnh v th e dch tia theo cheu X va Y ve v tr e quan sat.
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Noi kenh 1 dao ong ky ti loi vao IN. s dung kenh 2 dao ong ky e quan sat tn hieu ra tai QA, QB, QC, QD cua IC2 va IC3. Chan RCO (BORROW)- 13/IC2 va 13/IC3. Bang D7-7 IEU KHIEN LS1 D/U 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 LS3 ENABL E 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LS2 LOAD 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 PS1 IN TAI LIEU VAO TS2 TS1 LED-7/2 LED-7/1 1 1 1 1 CH TH LED 7 OAN
4.7. Ve gian o xung mo ta xung ra tai QA, QB, QC, QD cua IC2 va IC3 va cac tn hieu BORROW theo xung vao. 4.8. Tren c s gian o xung, gia thch xem tai sao s o em ngc lai dng em khi tr het so nh trc. V. Bo em jonhson va giai ma ban phn Nhiem vu : Cac bc thc hien : 1. Cap the +5V cho mang s o D7-4 . 2. Noi mach cua s o hnh D7-4 vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau : *Loi vao(Input) noi vi cac cong tac cua DTS-21: - Noi loi vao CLEAR vi cong tac xung PS1 - chot A/TTL.
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Noi loi vao IN vi cong tac xung PS2 - chot B/TTL.
Hnh D7-5a. bo em vi loi ra giai ma (jonhson). *Loi ra (Output) : noi vi cac led cua bo ch th LOGIC INDICATORS/ DTS-21. - Noi loi ra 1 vi LED0. - Noi loi ra 2 vi LED1. - Noi loi ra 3 vi LED2. - Noi loi ra 4 vi LED3. - Noi loi ra 5 vi LED4. - Noi loi ra 6 vi LED5. - Noi loi ra 7 vi LED6. - Noi loi ra 8 vi LED7. - Noi loi ra 9 vi LED8. - Noi loi ra 10 vi LED9. 2.2. Nhan cong tac xung PS1 e xoa bo em, nhan PS2 e tao xung vao bo em ghi trang thai loi ra theo trang thai en led ch th :led sang chng to mc ra la cao(1), led tat- la mc thap (0). Ghi ket qua vao bang D7-8. Bang D7-8. LOI VAO LOI RA PS1 PS2 CLEAR IN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3. Bo em vong N trang thai : gi nguyen trang thai a xac lap trong muc V.2. ngat cong tac xung PS1 khoi chot CLEAR. Noi chot CLEAR vi mot trong cac chot ra (t 1 en 10).
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Nhan nut PS2/ IN, quan sat trang thai loi ra theo ch th cua led tng ng. Xac nh ch so N ( so trang thai) tng ng khi bo em tr ve trang thai ban au. 4. Bo giai ma ban phm : 4.1. Noi mang s o hnh D7-5 vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau (hnh D7-5b) : * Ngat J2 va noi J1 e tao bo giai ma ban phm. * May phat xung CLOCK GENERATOR cua thiet b chnh DTS-21 at tan so phat 10Hz. S dung loi ra TTL cua may phat xung cho th nghiem. * Loi vao(Input) noi vi bo cong tac DATA & PULSER SWITCHS cua DTS-21 - Noi loi vao CLEAR vi bo cong tac xung PS1 chot A/TTL. - Noi loi vao IN vi loi ra may phat xung DTS-21. Loi ra (output) : * Noi loi ra 1 10 vi cac cong tac nhan PB1 PB10. * Loi ra noi vi cac led cua bo ch th logic indicators cua thiet b chnh DTS-21. - Noi loi ra QA vi LED0. - Noi loi ra QB vi LED1. - Noi loi ra QC vi LED2. - Noi loi ra QD vi LED3. Hnh D7-5b. bo giai ma ban phm. 4.2. Nhan cong tac xung PS1 e xoa bo em, sau o nhan cong tac PB (c chon) . Ghi trang thai cac loi ra bo em theo trang thai en led ch th :led sang chng to mc ra la cao(1), led tat- la mc thap (0). Ghi ket qua vao bang D7-9. Bang D7-9. CONG TAC NHAN BAN PHM LOI RA PS1 CLEAR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 QD QC QB QA 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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1 So sanh tng ng gia ch so ban phm va ma ra QA- QD cua bo giai ma.
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BAI 8 : BO NH RAM TNH VA EPROM
A.THIET B S DUNG : 1. thiet b chnh cho thc tap ien t so DTS-21. 2. Dao ong ky hai tia. 3. Khoi th nghiem DE-208 cho bai thc tap ve bo nh (Gan len thiet b chnh DTS 21). 4. Phu tung : day co chot cam 2 au. B. CAP NGUON VA NOI DAY Khoi DE-208 co nguon va at (GND) a noi vi tram nguon. 1. Chnh nguon nuoi thiet b chnh e cap nguon cho mach DE-208. Vi s o s dung cac the chuan +5V co nh, cac nguon c cap t bo nguon DC POWER SUPPLY cua thiet b DTS-21. 2. Noi day cap nguon t thiet b chnh cho mach DE-208. Tram nguon (POWER) cua khoi DE-208 nhan nguon t thiet b chnh. Can noi day t tram nay vi cac chot ra +5V cua mang nguon DC POWER SUPPLY tren thiet b chnh DTS-21. C. CAC BAI THC TAP Bo nh ch oc co the xoa - EPROM va bo nh RAM loai vi mach. Nhiem vu : tm hieu bo nh bao gom : - vi mach nh ch oc co kha nang xoa va lap trnh EPROM ( Erasable Programmable read Only Memory). - Vi mach nh co the viet va oc so lieu tuy y RAM ( Random Access Memory) Cac bc thc hien : 1. Cap nguon +5V cho s o hnh D8-1. Trong s o s dung EPROM (IC1) a ghi san chng trnh. cac loi ra va loi vao tng ng cua EPROM va RAM (IC2) a noi vi nhau. IC4 (74LS245) la bo chuyen so lieu 2 chieu. Khi loi ieu khien DIR 0, chieu truyen so lieu la B -> A cho phep truyen so lieu t ROM hoac RAM ra thiet b ngoai vi. Khi loi ieu khien DIR 1, chieu truyen so lieu la A -> B cho phep truyen so lieu t ngoai vi vao trong he. IC5 (74LS374) la bo chot so lieu ra tn hieu CK. IC6 (74LS374) la bo chot so lieu vao tn hieu CK. 2. Chuyen so lieu t ROM sang RAM va ra thiet b ngoai: 2.1. Co the s dung cac cong tac logic e khao sat tng nhp oc ghi so lieu gia ROM, RAM va thiet b ngoai. e giam nhe kho nhoc khi thc tap, khoi DE208 cha mot bo em oi 4 bit (IC8-74LS93) e tao 4 a ch thap (A0-A3).
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Cac cong tac noi vao a ch cao (t A4-A11) se tao ra a ch cho cac chng trnh rieng trong ROM. Noi cac chan ra cua bo em IC8: QA ->A0, QB ->A1, QC -> A2, QD ->A3 cua IC1. Hnh D8-1. Bo EPROM & RAM / chuyen so lieu t ROM -> RAM & thiet b ngoai vi. 2.2. Noi mach cua s o D8-1 vi cac mach cua DTS-21 nh sau : * Loi vao (input )noi vi cac mang cong tac cua thiet b chnh DTS-21: - Noi loi vao A4 vi cong tac logic LS1. - Noi loi vao A5 vi cong tac logic LS2. - Noi loi vao A6 vi cong tac logic LS3. - Noi loi vao A7 vi cong tac logic LS4. - Noi loi vao A8 vi cong tac logic LS5. - Noi loi vao A9 vi cong tac logic LS6. - Noi loi vao A10 vi cong tac logic LS7. - Noi loi vao A11 vi cong tac logic LS8. Noi loi ieu khien IOR vi chot +5V e tao mc ra 0 cho phep chan OE cua IC4. Noi chot OE chan 1/IC6 len+5V e cam IC6, khong cho so lieu chot trong IC6 xuat ra ng bus chung. Noi loi vao CE / ROM (chon ROM hoat ong ) va OE/ROM(cho phep loi ra ROM) vi cong tac logic DS1 / chot TTL. - Noi loi vao OE / RAM (m loi ra cho RAM) vi cong tac logic DS2 / chot TTL. - Noi loi vao CE / RAM (chon RAM hoat ong) vi cong tac logic DS3 / chot TTL. - Noi loi vao DIR (hng xuat nhap so lieu) vi cong tac logic DS4 / chot TTL. * Lo ra (output) : noi vi bo ch th led n cua DTS-21. Noi loi ra 1Q vi LED0. Noi loi ra 2Q vi LED1. Noi loi ra 3Q vi LED2. Noi loi ra 4Q vi LED3. Noi loi ra 5Q vi LED4. Noi loi ra 6Q vi LED5. Noi loi ra 7Q vi LED6. Noi loi ra 8Q vi LED7.
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2.3. at cac cong tac ieu khien nh trong bang D8-1. Bang D8-1. CONG TRANG THAI GIAI THCH TAC DS1 0 Chon ROM e hoat ong. DS2 1 Cam loi ra RAM. DS3 0 Chon RAM hoat ong. DS4 0 nh chieu xuat so lieu t ROM, RAM ra ngoai. Chu y : at va thao tac ung cong tac DS2 e cam trng hp ca ROM & RAM cung m loi rava cung xuat so lieu vao ng BUS (D0-D7) chung. * Noi may phat xung CLOCK GEN cua DTS-21 vi loi vao IN IC8, vi WR va vi chot CK IC5. Nh vay, vi moi a ch oc ROM(IC1), bo RAM (IC2) va thanh chot (IC5) se c ieu khien ong bo ghi tai lieu xuat t ROM. Tai lieu ghi trong thanh chot IC5 theo moi nhp oi a ch se xuat ra ngoai va ch th tren day LED. ieu chnh tan so phat u thap (<10Hz) e kp theo doi va ghi nhan trang thai thay oi cua loi ra. Xac nh ma loi ra c ghi theo moi a ch cua EPROM. * Trong bang D8-2 co da vao ma rut gon cho 4 cot a ch hoac tai lieu ke tiep nhau t thap en cao thro ma nh phan. Lu y ma rut gon cho a ch va tai lieu la ma thng dung e lap trnh cho cac EPROM. Ma nh phan 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 Ma rut gon 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D
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1110 E 1111 F v du : 0000 1010 0100 1111 viet gon thanh :0A4F 0 A 4 F cac cong tac logic at theo bang D8-2 e tao a ch. Bang D8-2. 3. Chuyen so lieu t RAM ra thiet b ngoai vi Trong qua trnh oc so lieu t ROM ra ngoai vi, so lieu a c ong thi ghi vao RAM. e chuyen so lieu a ghi trong RAM ra ngoai, can: - khong ngat ien va thay oi cau hnh chung a noi e RAM van gi so lieu a nhap. Tn hieu t may phat van noi vao loi vao IN-IC7 va CK-IC5. - Rut chot cua ng WR pha loi vao IN, cam chot nay vi chot A/TTL cong tac PS1 cua thiet b chnh. ong tac nay cho phep ng viec ghi t ROMRAM. - Gat cong tac DS1 cua thiet b chnh t 0-1 e cam ROM. - Gat cong tac DS2 cua thiet b chnh t 1-0 e m loi ra RAM, cho phep chuyen so lieu a ghi trong RAM ra ngoai. So lieu nay phai trung vi so lieu ghi trong ROM. - Tng ng vi moi a ch cao (xem bang D8-2),quan sat va ghi ngan trang thai chuyen oi cua da LED, xem xet s tng ng gia trang thai ch th (so lieu ghi trong RAM) vi chng trnh ghi trong ROM a hien th luc trc. 4. Chuyen so lieu t thiet b ngoai vao RAM. 4.1. Noi day: Hnh 11-2. *Thao cac day noi t loi ra IC8 ti A0-A3. *Gi nguyen cac day noi cho cac cong tac DS1, DS2, DS3, PS1 vi cac loi ieu khien ROM, RAM. - Van gi noi loi ieu khien IOR vi chot +5V e tao mc O cho phep chan OE cua IC4. - Noi AO vi cong tac logic LS1 cua thiet b chinh DTS-21. - Noi A1 vi cong tac logic LS2. - Noi A2 vi cong tac logic LS3. - Noi A3 vi cong tac logic LS4. - Noi A4 vi cong tac logic LS5. - Noi A5 vi cong tac logic LS6 - Noi A6 vi cong tac logic LS7. - Noi A7 vi cong tac logic LS8.
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- Noi loivao ID cua thanh chot (IC6) vi cong tac logic LS9. - Noi loi vao 2D vi cong tac logic LS10. - Noi loi vao 3D vi cong tac logic LS11. - Noi loi vao 4D vi cong tac logic LS12. - Noi loi vao 5D vi cong tac logic LS13. - Noi loi vao 6D vi cong tac logic LS14. - Noi loi vao 7D vi cong tac logic LS15. - Noi loi vao 8D vi cong tac logic LS16. - Noi chot OE ( chan 1/IC6 ) vi chot dat cho phep m loi ra thanh chot IC6. * Noi cong tac PS2-chot B/TTL vi chot CK-IC6. S dung e chot so lieu t ngoai vao thanh chot IC6. 4.2. at cac cong tac ieu khien nh trong bang D8-3. CONG TAC DS1 DS2 DS3 DS4 TRANG THAI 1 1 0 1 GIAI THCH Cam ROM hoat ong. Cam loi ra RAM. Chon RAM e hoat ong. nh chieu xuat so lieu t ngoai va RAM.
Thc hien cac bc sau: - at a ch cho RAM (at cac cong tac LS1-LS8 theo cau hnh a chie chon).. Ghi a ch. - at ma so loi vao (at cac cong tac LS9 LS16 theo cau hnh a ch chon). Ghi lai gia tr ma vao. - Nhan PS2e chot so lieu t ngoai vao thanh chot IC6. - Nhan PS1 (WR) e ghi ma ngoai t thanh chot IC6 vao RAM theo a ch a chon. - at a ch khac cho RAM va chon lai ma ngoai, lap lai cac bc neu tren e ghi vai so lieu vao a ch tng ng trong RAM. 5. Chuyen so lieu t RAM ra ngoai : thc hien kiem tra so lieu va ghi t ngoai vao RAM. Gi nguyen cau hnh noi day va thc hien muc 4.
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Noi cong tac PS2- choot B/TTL vi CK IC5. Noi chot OE (chan 1/IC6) vi chot +5V e cam loi ra thanh chot IC6 khong cho so lieu t IC6 xuat vao BUS chung. at cac cong tac ieu khien nh trong bang D8-4. Bang D8-4 CONG TRANG GIAI THCH TAC THAI DS1 1 Cam ROM hoat ong. DS2 0 Loi ra RAM. DS3 0 Chon RAM e hoat ong. DS4 0 nh chieu xuat so lieu t ngoai va RAM. - at cac cong tac LS1-8 cho a ch RAM theo gia tr a ghi lai luc nap tai lieu ngoai vao RAM. - Vi moi a ch a chon, nhan PS2 e chot so lieu xuat t RAM vao thang chot IC5. Ghi lai trang thai day LED. LED sang loi ra =1,LED tat, loi ra =0. - So sanh ket qua nhan c vi so lieu nap vao RAM luc trc theo moi a ch xac lap.
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BAI 9 : CAC S O BIEN OI BO BIEN OI DAC, ADC
A.THIET B S DUNG: 1. Thiet b chnh cho thc tap ien t so DTS-21. 2. Dao ong ky 2 tia. 3. Khoi th nghiem DE-209 cho bai thc tap ve bo bien oi ( Gan len thiet b chnh DTS-21). 4. Phu tung: day co chot cam hai au. B.CAP NGUON VA NOI DAY. Khoi DE-209 cha 2 mang s o D9-1,2 vi cac chot cap nguon rieng. Khi s dung mang nao can noi day cap nguon cho mang s o o. at (GND) cua cac mang s o a c noi vi tram at chung. 1. noi nguon the chuan +5V va at (GND) t bo nguon DC POWER SUPPLY cua thiet b DTS-21 vi chot +5V va at (GND) cua khoi DE-209. 2. Noi nguon the ieu chnh 0.+15V (cho linh kien CMOS) t bo nguon DC ADJUST POWER SUPPLY cua thiet b DTS-21 vi chot (+15V cua khoi DE-209. Nguon mot chieu 0+ 15V co the ieu chnh theo yeu cau bang cach van bien tr chnh nguon. C. CAC BAI THC TAP I. Bo bien oi so tng t loai 8 bit loai vi mach. Nhien vu: Tm hieu nguyen tac hoat ong cua bo bien oi cac ai lng so thanh tng tDAC loai vi mach. Cac bc thc hien: 1. Cap nhuon +5V cho mang s o D9-1. Chu y cam ung phan cc cua nguon. 2. Noi mang mach D9-2 vi thiet b chnh DTS-21 (hnh D9-1): * Loi vao (Input ) : noi vi bo cong tac cua DTS-21. - Noi loi vao CLEAR vi cong tac xung PS1 chot A/TTL. - Noi cac loi ra bo em A1-D1,A2-D2 vi cac led0-led7 cua bo ch th. 3. Nhan PS1 e so em ghi trong thanh ghi IC1 la 15 (cac led0-3 eu sang, cac led4-7 tat). S dung dong ho o e o gia tr the tng t tai loi ra OUT. Chnh bien tr P1 e nh g tr the ra tng ng. V du, V(16)=0.16V. 4. May phat xung CLOCK GENERATOR cua thiet b chnh DTS-21 at tan so phat 10kHz. S dung loi ra TTL cua may ph1t xung cho th nghiem. Noi loi ra may phat xung vi loi vao CLOCK. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 2V/cm. at thi gian quet cua dao ong ky 0,1ms/cm.
94
Chnh cho ca hai tia nam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ong ky. S dung cac nut chnh v tr e dch tia theo chieu X va Y ve v tr de quan sat. 5. Noi kenh 1 dao ong ky vi loi vao CLOCK. S dung kenh 2 dao ong ky e quan sat dang tn hieu tai cac loi ra bo em IC1, IC2 va loi ra OUT. Ve lai dang tn hieu ra. Xac nh bien o cua moi bac thang cua tn hieu ra. Hnh D9-1. Bo bien oi so tng t DAC 8 bit loai vi mach. 6. Tnh gia tr the ra ng vi gia tr the loi vao. II. Bo bien oi tng t so vi 31/2 so hang loai vi mach. Nhiem vu : Tm hieu nguyen tac hoat ong cua bo bien oi cac ai lng tng t thanh so (ADC : Analog Digital Converter) loai ICL7107 vi khoang o vao la 200mV. Cac bc thc hien : 1. Cap nguon +5V cho mang s o D9-2. Chu y cam ung phan cc cua nguon. 2. at thang o the loi vao cua dao ong ky 2V/cm. at thi gian quet cua dao ong ky 0,1ms/cm. Dao ong ky e che o ong bo ngoai vi xung 50Hz TTL t may phat chuan DTS-21. Chnh cho ca hai tia nam gia khoang phan tren va phan di cua man dao ong ky. S dung cac nut chnh v tr e dch tia theo chieu X va Y ve v tr de quan sat. S dung dao ong ky e quan sat dang tn hieu tai cac iem cua s o D9-2. 3. Noi J1 cap the o (=2V) cho loi vao s o D9-2. 4. Van bien tr P1 e bo ch th LED 7 oan ch gia tr 1999(mV), khi o the chuan chan 36/IC1 la ~ 100mV. 5. Quan sat tn hieu dao ong tai cac chan 38,39,40/IC1. 6. Thc hien cac bc nh trong bang D9-1. Dung ong ho o the e gia tr the tng t tai loi vao IN va ghi gia tr ch tren LED 7 oan vao bang D9-1.
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Bang D9-1 THE 100mV VAO SO EM
500mV
750mV
1V
1.25V
1.5V
1.75V
1.99V
7. Ve o th bieu dien so em loi ra (truc y) theo ien the loi vao (truc x). 8. Xac nh o phi tuyen ac trng ( o lech cc ai cua o th thu c khoi ng thang. Giai thch nguyen nhan co the gay nen sai so o. Hnh D9-2. Bo bien oi tng t so (ADC)31/2 Digit.
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PHAN MO PHONG
Bai 12:MO PHONG CAC CONG LOGIC VA NG DUNG
I.MACH TO HP DUNG CAC CONG LOGIC Gii Thieu: Muc ch cua bai thc tap nay nham biet ban mach gom nhieu cong logic (And , Or , Inverter ) nh the nao . Nhng cong nay rat c ban oi vi hau het cac mach so va viec tm hieu cac ban s thc cua chung la bc au ban e ban hieu sau ve ien t so , t o giup ban co the lap rap va thiet ke nhng mach so theo y mnh qua cac cong logic c ban . Cac bc thc hien :
U1A 0V S1 5V S2 S3 S4 5V U3A 0V U1B U2A L1
S o mach ien bai thc tap so 1 : Mach to hp dung cac cong logic. Bc 1 : Thc hien ve mach nh hnh tren bang cach s dung : 2 Cong Inverter[Digital/Buffer-inverter/inverter](2) 4 Logic switch[Switches/Digital/Logic Switch](s) 1 Cong 2 In-or[Digital/Gates](5) 1 Cong 4 In-and[Digital/Gates/4 In-and] 1 Logic display[Display/Digital Only/Logic Display](9) Bc 2 : Sau khi ve mach xong , ban nhap len nut <Run> tren thanh cong cu , di chuyen mouse en cac logic switch va lan lc thay oi cac mc logic cua cac logic switch nay va quan xat s thay oi cac trang thai o ngo ra tng ng . NGO VA0 NGO RA S1 S2 S3 S4 C 0 0 0 0
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0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
Bc 3 : Hay thanh lap ban s that cho mach tren bang cach thay oi cac mc logic ngo vao thong qua nhap mouse tren cac cong tac chuyen mach nay . So sanh vi ban s that ma ban a hoc tren ly thuyet ve cac cong logic c ban . Vi : C = S1S2S3 (S1 + S4 ) II.AP DUNG NH LUAT DE MORGAN. Gii Thieu : Muc ch cua bai nay giup ban hieu ro va ap dung nhuan nhuyen nh luat De Morgan e n gian ham that gon trc khi a ra lap rap . Cac bc thc hien :
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L1 V1 5V U3A U2B U1A U2A U1B
V2 0V
U3B U2C U3C
V3 5V
S o mach ien bai thc tap so 2 : Ap dung nh luat De Morgan. Bc 1 : Ban ve mach ien nh hnh tren bang cach s dung : 3logic switch[Switch/Digital/Logic switch](s) 3 cong 2 In-And[Digital/Gates/2 In-And](3) 2 cong In-Or[Digital/Gates/2 In-Or](5) 3Inverter[Digital/Buffer Inverter/Inverter](2) 1 Logic Display[Digital/Digital Only/Logic Display](9) Bc 2 : Ban hay thay oi trang thai ngo vao bang cach thay oi cac mc logic cua Logic Switch va quan sat s thay oi trang thai ngo ra thong qua logic display . Hay ien cac gia tr nhan c vao bang s that ben di . Bc 3 : Ban hay s dung nh luat De Morgan e rut gon ham X = (S2.S3+S1) (S2.S3+S1) =? Bc 4 : T ket qua tnh toan ly thuyet bc 3 va ket qua ghi bang s that (bc 2) , ban co nhan xet g ve ngo vao S1 va ngo ra X . NGO VAO S1 S2 S3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 NGO RA X
99
III.DUNG CONG NAND E THIET KE CONG EX-OR. Gii Thieu : Muc ch bai thc tap nay giup ban phat huy kha nang sang tao khi s dung cong NAND e ket noi thanh cac mach logic khac . (Chang han muon dung cong EX-OR nhng khong co san vay phai lam sao khi ch tao cong NAND ). Hay thc hien bai tap nh sau , ban se nam c trnh t cac bc thanh lap mot cong logic mong muon t nhng cong NAND . Cac bc thc hien . Bc 1 : Ban hay ve mach vi : 2 Logic Switch[Switch/Digital/Logic Switch](s) 1 Logic Display[Display Only/Logic Display](9) 5 cong NAND 2 ngo vao[Display/Gates/2 In-NAND](4)
L1 0V S1 U2A U1C U1A
0V S2
U1D
U1B
S o mach ien bai thc tap so 3 : S dung cong NAND thiet ke cong EXOR Bc 2 : Nhap vao nut <Run> tren thanh cong cu va quan sat mach. Bc 3 : Lan lc thay oi trang thai cac ngo vao theo cac mc logic bang s that sau , sau o quan sat s thay oi trang thai ngo ra thong qua en LED . T o ban hay ien hoan chnh vao bang s that cho mach tren. NGO VAO S1 S2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 NGO RA LED
100
Bc 4 : Hay kiyem tra mach tren co tng ng vi mot cong EX-OR hay khong bang cach noi hai ngo vao cua mot cong EX-OR vi hai cong tat Logic Switch roi kiem tra nh sau :
L1
5V S1 U1A 5V S2
Nhap vao nut <Run> tren thanh cong cu . Lan lc thay oi trang thai ngo vao vi gia tr nh bang s that tren roi quan sat xem trang thai ngo ra the nao . Bc 5 : Thanh lap bang s that cho EX-OR tren . Co nhan xet g ve ket qua hai cau tren . Qua cac bai thc tap tren chung ta a lam quen rat ky vi cac cong logic c ban , vi bo phat xung (Pulser) , Logic Display , Logic Switch va mot so linh kien thng dung , cung nh cac kinh nghiem ve noi day , kinh nghiem ve bo tr linh kien . Sau ay ban bat au lam quen viec s dung mot so IC (vi mach) thong dung .
BAI 13:MO PHONG CAC MACH GIAI MA,MA HOA VA COUNTER

I.MACH GIAI MA DUNG IC 74LS138: Gii Thieu : Muc ch bai thc tap giup ban hieu ro ve IC giai ma t 3->8 ng (IC 74138) bang cach s dung IC 74138 (74LS138) va cac thiet b chuyen mach logic (Logic Switch) va cac LED hien th mc logic (Logic Display). Ban se lan lc thay oi cac trang thai ba ngo vao bang cach thay oi cac mc logic cac cong tat S1 , S2 , S3 , t o ban se nhan c s thai oi trang thai cac ngo ra tng ng . (hnh ve) S o mach ien bai thc tap so 4 : Mach giai ma t 3 -> 8 ng vi ngo vao c ieu chnh t cong tat. Qua bai thc tap nay ban de dang hnh dung nguyen ly lam viec cua IC 74138 khi noi ket vi cac bo nh ROM , RAM hoac cac thiet b khac . Cac bc thc hien :
101
Bc 1 : Ve mach ien nh hnh tren bang cach : 3Logic Switch[Switch/Digital/Logic Switch](s) 8Logic Display[Display/Digital Only/Logic Display](9) e hien th cac trang thai ngo ra (t L0L8) 3Logic Display hien th trang thai ngo vao 1 IC 74138[Digital bay number/74XXX/74138] @ Can chu y en phan noi day. Bc 2 : Sau khi ve mach xong nhan nut <Run> trong thanh cong cu . Di chuyen mouse cho en khi no ang ch tai v tr chuyen mach . Nhap len chuyen mach mot vai lan roi quan sat s thay oi mc logic cua Logic Switch . ay la loai chuyen mach at biet ma ket thuc mot logic 0 khi i xuong va mot logic 1 khi i len . Hay s dung mouse e thay oi cong tat Logic Switch sao cho lam thay oi lan lt cac trang thai ngo vao . Ban quan sat g tren cac logic display ngo ra khi cac logic switch 3 ngo vao thay oi . Bc 3 : Ket hp vi viec thay oi cac mc logic cho 3 ngo vao , ban lap bang trang thai cho s o tren vi 3 ngo ao va 8 ngo ra , t o hay so sanh vi ly thuyet a hoc ve IC giai ma 74138. NGO VAO S0 S1 S2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 NGO RA L4 L3
L7
L6
L5
L2
L1
L0
II.KHAO SAT IC (74LS47) VI CAC NGO VAO C IEU CHNH BANG CONG TAT LOGIC SWITCH. Gii Thieu : Muc ch bai thc tap nay cham giup ban hieu va nam c nguyen ly hoat ong cua IC 7447 (74LS47) . Bang cach cho tn hieu cac ngo vao ( qua cac cong tat logic switch ) roi quan sat tn hieu ngo ra (qua LED 7 oan ) . Lan lt thay oi trang thai cac ngo vao bang cach thay oi cac muc logic cac cong
102
tat S0 , S1 , S2 , ban quan sat va nhan c s thay oi trang thai cac ngo ra tng ng . Qua bai thc tap nay , banse nam vng nguyen ly hoat ong cua IC 7447 (74LS47) , t o co the van dung e thiet ke cac vi mach theo y muon . Cac bc thc hien : (hnh ve) S o mach ien bai thc tap so 5 : Khao sat IC 7447 Bc 1 : Ve mach ien nh hnh tren bang cach : 1 IC 7447[Digital by number/74XX/7447] 4 Logic Switch[Switch/Digital](s) 4 Logic Display[Display Digital](9) (co the hoac khong) 1 Led 7 oan . Bc 2 : Sau khi ve mach xong di chuyen mouse en cac cong tat chuyen mach (S0 , S1 , S2 , S3) . Nhap len chuyen mach mot vai lan roi quan sat s thay oi cua chung , sau khi quan sat hay e trang thai mc 0 (0000) bat au cho mach chay bang cach nhap vao nut <Run> tren thanh cong cu roi quan sat ngo ra , lan lt thay oi trang thai ngo vao (bang cach thay oi mc logic cua cac cong tat logic switch S0 , S1 , S2) ta nhan c trang thai tng ng cac ngo ra . Bc 3 : Lan lt thay oi mc logic cac ngo vao theo bang trang thai di , hay quan sat va hoan chnh bang trang thai cho mach ien tren , t o ban co nhan xet g ve ket qua thuc tap va ly thuyet a hoc . NGO VAO S0 S1 S2 S3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 NGO RA e f g
Led Hien Th
103
III.KHAO SAT MACH EM BCD DUNG IC 74LS168 Gii Thieu : Muc ch cua bai thuc tap nay la e biet en LED 7 oan (Hex Display) hoat ong nh the nao va co the s dung nh mot thiet b ch bao man hnh ra sao . Mach em BCD (Binary Coder Decimal) dung vi mach 74LS168 se c s dung e ieu khien en 7 oan v vay cung se c nghien cu . Tom Tat : en 7 oan la mot phien ban chuyen mon hoa cua Logic Display c thiet ke at biet sap xep theo mot chng trnh thng dung theo mot phng phap sao cho nhng oan man hnh rieng co the c kch khi e tao nen nhng con so . Led 7 oan c s dung rong rai trong nhng thiet b ien e ch ra nhng tham so nh ngay , thi gian . 74LS168 la mot IC em . No co 4 au c goi la Q0 , Q1 , Q2 , Q3 .oi vi bat k thiet b nao eu co au ra , nhng trang thai cua tat ca trang thai au ra bat k thi iem nao cung co the at trng bang con so thap phan tng ng . Bc 1 : Bang ben di ay cho thay cac trang thai oi vi IC 74LS168 , hay ien vao nhng gia tr thap phan tng ng . Q3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Q2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 Q1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 Q0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Gia Tr Thap Phan
IC 74LS168 co bon che o van hanh hp le va kha nang em so (t 0 en 9 va tr ngc lai 0) nh c trnh bay trong bang trc va cung co khan nang em ngc lai (t 9 ve 0 va tr ngc lai 0) . No cung co nhieu che o co ch , nhng nhng che o nay se khong c noi nhieu trong phan thc tap nay . Nhng che o c s dung trong bai th nghiem nay c trnh bay trong bang sau :
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CP ^ ^
CEP 0 0
CET 0 0
PE 1 1
UD 1 0
Trang Thai em em Len em Xuong
en 7 oan co 4 au vao , trang thai cua nhng au vao xac nh nhng oan nao trong en m , en 7 oan c tao dng e neu co mot so nh phan nh so nh phan 0111 hien hu au vao , nhng oan tng ng c , sao cho con so 7 c tao len man hnh , hoac so nh phan 0011 hien hu au vao th con so 3 c tao nen vvTrong bai thc tap nay, 74LS168 se c noi vi en Led 7 oan va c cau hnh sao cho no co the em xuoi hoac em ngc da theo v tr cua mot cong tat . Ket qua se la mot chuoi so em t 0 en 9 tr ve 0 hoac em t 9 xuong 0 tr ve 9 ket qua se c quan sat tren man hnh Led 7 oan . Bc 2 : Noi mach nh c trnh bay trong s o sau qua viec s dung cac thiet b : 74LS168[Digital by number/74LSXXX/74LS168] Pulser [Digital/Instrument/Pulser](p) Hex Display[Digital/Digital Only/Hex Display](h) +V [Digital/Power/+V](1) Ground [Digital/Power](0) Logic Switch
0V S1 +5V +V
L1
U1 74LS168A
CEP CET CP D3 D2 D1 D0 PE U/D TC Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0
DISP1
4321
V1
CP1 Q1 CP2 Q2
S o mach ien bai thc tap so 6 : Mach em BCD dung vi mach 74LS168. Bc 3 : Khi ong che o mo phong , ban quan sat g tren man hnh Led 7 oan ? Bc 4 : oi trang thai S1 , ban quan sat g tren hnh Led 7 oan ?
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Bc 5 : Khi ong che o mo phong tng bc bang cach nhap mouse vao nut <Run Step> tren thanh cong cu , ban quan sat g tren man hnh Led 7 oan sau khi thc hien 10 lan nhap mouse
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BAI 14:CAC MACH COUNTER-NG DUNG.

I.MACH EM CHIA N DUNG IC 7490/74LS90 Gii Thieu : Muc ch bai thc tap nay nham giup ban hieu c nguyen ly hoat ong cua IC 74LS90 va nam vng phng phap ket noi cac chan cua IC7490/74LS90 . T o thiet ke c cac mach em chia 5,6,7ng dung trong yeu cau san xuat cu the . Trc het ban thc hanh vi mach em chia 5 cua IC7490/74LS90 qua cac bc sau : Bc 1 : Ve mach ien nh hnh di qua viec s dung cac linh kien sau : 1 Pulser[Digital/Instrument](p) 1 IC7490[Digital by number/74XX/7490] 2 Logic Display[Display/Digital Only/Logic Display](9) 1 Ground[Digital/Power](0)
L2 L1
MS1 MS2 MR1 MR2 CP0 CP1
U1 74LS90
Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0
V1
CP1 Q1 CP2 Q2
S o mach ien bai thc tap so 7 : Mach em chia 5 dung IC 74LS90. Bc 2 : Bat au che o mo phong bang cach nhap mouse nut <Run> tren thanh cong cu , ban hay quan sat va cho nhan xet ve hoat ong cua 2 Logic Display. Bc 3 : Cung vi so linh kien nh tren , ban noi lai cac chan cua IC7490 e co mach chia 6 nh hnh ben .
L1 U1 74LS90 L2
V1
CP1 Q1 CP2 Q2
Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0
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S o mach ien bai thc tap so 7 : Mach chia em cho 6 dung IC 74LS90. Bc 4 : Nhap vao nut <Run> e bat au che o mo phong . Ban co nhan xet g ve tn hieu vao va ra ? e mo phong tng bc ban nhan nut <Stop> roi sau o ban nhan vao nut <Run Step> tng cai mot , quan sat va cho nhan xet ve tn hieu vao va ra cua mach ien . Co nhan xet g ve ket qua cua hai cach mo phong tren (Run va Step) . Bc 5 : Nhap mouse vao nut xoa <Delete Tool> tren thanh cong cu va dung no nhap xoa cac day dan trong mach ien tren , sau o tiep tuc vi mach em chia 7 nh sau : Noi mach nh hnh ve sau :
L1 U1 74LS90 L2
V1
CP1 Q1 CP2 Q2
Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0
S o mach ien bai tap thc tap so 7 : Mach em chia 7 dung IC 74LS90. Bc 6 : Nhap vao nut <Run> tren thanh cong cu sau o quan sat tn hieu ngo vao (thong qua en Led 1) va ngo ra (thong qua en Led 2) . Cho nhan xet ve ket qua thu c . Bc 7 : Tiep tuc bai thc tap vi mach em chia 8 theo s o mach ien nh sau :
L1 U1 74LS90 L2
V1
CP1 Q1 CP2 Q2
Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0
108
S o mach ien bai tap thc tap so 7 : Mach em chia 8 dung IC 74LS90. Bc 8 : Nhap vao nut <Run> tren thanh cong cu , quan sat tn hieu ngo vao va ngo ra cua mach . Bc 9 : ban ve mach ien sau ay va cho chay th hai che o <Run> va <Run Step>. Hay cho biet cac mach em dung IC 74LS90 o chia may ? So sanh ket qua cua hai che o mo phong tren.
Mach th nhat
L1 U1 74LS90 L2
V1
CP1 Q1 CP2 Q2
Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0
<Mach th hai>
L1 U1 74LS90 L2
V1
CP1 Q1 CP2 Q2
Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0
Qua bai thc tap nay chac han ban a nam vng c nguyen ly hoat ong cua IC 74LS90 . T o hay t thiet ke va chay th cac mach chay theo y cua mnh .
II.MACH EM DUNG IC 74193.
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Gii Thieu : Muc ch cua bai thc tap nay nham giup ban hieu va nam vng nguyen ly hoat ong cua IC 74193/74LS193 . IC 74193/74LS193la mot mach em rat a nang , co the em len hoac em xuong .(Rat tien li khi thiet ke mach quan cao , trang tr noi that) . Khi au vao tai (load-chan 11) c at mc thap (L) mot so 4 bit bat k cac au vao Q0 , Q1 , Q2 , Q3 (chan 3,2,6,7) se c a vao bo em . Bo em se c xoa ve LLLL khiMR (chan 14) at mc cao (H) . Cac au mn (TCD-chan 13) va nh (TCU-chan 12) khi chuyen xuong mc thap (L) se ch s trang xuong di (Under Flow) hoac trang len tren (Over Flow) . Nguon cung cap Vcc=+5v.
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Bang Chon Mode Cho IC74LS193 MR H L L L L PL X L H H H CPU X X H ^ H CPD X X H H ^ MODE Asynchronoous, Reset (Rest, khong ong bo) Asynchronoous, Preset (Preset, khong ong bo) No change(khong oi) Count up (em len) Count down (em xuong)
Cac bc thc hien :

L1 DISP1 U1 74LS193
TCU TCD Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0
V1
CP1 Q1 CP2 Q2
4321
0V S3 5V S2 0V S1
CPU CPD PL MR D3 D2 D1 D0
S o mach : Mach em dung vi mach IC 74LS193(em len). Bc 1 : Thc hien noi mach nh hnh tren vi cac linh kien sau : 1 Hex Display[Display/Digital Only/Hex Display](h) 1 Puser[Digital/Intrument/Puser](p) 1 logic Display enh hien th ngo vao IC74193/74193[Digital/By number/74XXX/74193] 1 Ground[Digital/Power](0) Bc 2 : Sau khi ve mach xong , hay e cac chan trong bang trang thai cac mc logic nh hang so 4 cua bang trang thai (S1 mc 0 , S2 , S3 mc 1) sau o bat au che o mo phong bang cach nhap vao nut <Run> tren thanh cong cu . Hay quan sat va ghi nhan ket qua cua tn hieu ra . Bc 3 : Chuyen oi mc logic cua cong tat S1 (chan MR) ve 0 , nhanxet g ve s thay oi cua mach . Ket luan g ve chan MR cua mach . Bc 4 : Lam lai bc 3 vi cong tat S3 (chan CPD) . Ket luan g ve chan CPD cua mach em xuong .
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III.MACH EM XUONG DUNG IC 74193. Cac bc thc hien . Bc 1 : Ve mach ien nh hnh ben di bang cach s dung cac linh kien sau : 1 Hex Display[Display/Digital Only/Hex Display](h) 1 Puser[Digital/Intrument/Pulser](p) 1 Logic Display e hien th tn hieu ngo vao 1 IC74193/74LS193[Digital/By number/74XX/74193] 1 Ground[Digital/Power](0) Bc 2 : Sau khi ve mach xong , hay e cac chan trong bang trang thai cac mc logic nh hang so 5 cua bang trang thai (S1 mc 0 , S2 , S3 mc 1) sau o bat au cha o mo phong bang cach nhap vao nut <Run> trenthanh cong cu . Hay quan sat va ghi nhan ket qua cua tn hieu vao va ra .
L1 DISP1 U1 74LS193
TCU TCD Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0
V1
CP1 Q1 CP2 Q2
4321
0V S3 5V S2 0V S1
Mach em dung vi mach IC74193 (em xuong) Bc 3 : Chuyen oi cac mc logic cua cong tat S1 (chan MR) len 1 , nhan xet g ve tnh trang cua mach sau khi chuen oi . Sau o lai chuen oi mc logic cua chan S1(chan MR) ve 0 , nhan xet g ve s chuyen oi cua mach . Ket luan g ve chan MR cua mach . Bc 4 : Lam lai bc 3 oi vi cong tat S2 (cha PL) . Ket luan g ve chan PL cua mach . Bc 5 : Lam lai bc 3 oi vi cong tat S3 (chan CPD) . Ket luan g ve chan CPD cua mach . Trong bai thc tap nay , ban can phan biet ro khi nao mach em lr6n , khi nao mach em xuong va e cho mach em c th cac chan MR , PL , CPD phai mc logic nao
112
IV.MACH EM 2 SO BCD (2 DIGITAL BCD COUNTER). Gii Thieu : Muc ch cua bai thc tap nham cung co them kien thc cua ban trong viec s dung IC em 7490 trong viec ket noi vi IC giai ma 7448 on thi ban bat au lam quen vi cach ghep noi cac IC e co nhng mach tong hp , a dang va nhieu tien ch . Trong bai thc tap nay 7448/74LS48 c dung lam IC giai ma BCD phu hp vi Led 7 oan (cat chung). Cac bc thc hien : Bc 1 : Hay noi mach ien nh hnh tren bang cach s dung cac linh kien sau : 2 IC7490/74LS90[Digital by number/74XX/7490] 2 IC7448/74LS48[Digital by number/74XX/7448] 1 Pulser[Digital/Intrument/Pulser](p) co gan Led hien th 2 Seven Segment[Display/7_Segment Led/cc_seg] Bc 2 : Sau khi ve mach xong , bat au mo phong bang cach nhap vao nut <Run> tren thanh cong cu . Bc 3 : Nhap vao nut trang thai tren thanh cong cu roi quan sat xem co g thay oi Bc 4 : Nhan nut <Stop> e dng chng trnh mo phong. Bc 5 : Nhao va nut <Run Step> tng cai mot e kiem tra chnh xat noi quan he gia nut tn hieu ngo vao va ngo ra cua mach . Hay cho nhan xet ve cac tn hieu o .
DISP3
Gnd
DISP1
Gnd
L1
abcdefg. abcdefg.
V1
CP1 Q1 CP2 Q2
U3 74LS90
Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0
A3 A2 A1 A0
U1 74LS48
g f e d c b a
test RBI RBO
U4 74LS90
Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0
A3 A2 A1 A0
U2 74LS48
g f e d c b a
test RBI RBO
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Mach em va giai ma en Led 7 oan dung IC 7490 , 7448. Sau khi ket thuc che o mo phong . Trnh bay va giai thch nguyen ly hoat ong cua mach ien tren . Nhan xet g ve hai che o mo phong <Run> va <Run Step>. Chu y : oi vi bai th tap nay chung ta co the thiet ke mach em len N bang cach noi ngo ra Q3 cua tang n en chan CP0 cua tang n-1.
114
BAI 15:MO PHONG CAC MACH COUNTER(TT)

I.KHAO XAT IC EM 4017. Gii Thieu : Muc ch bai nay nham giup ban hieu c nguyen ly hoat ong cua IC 4017 t o co tha van dung thiet ke cac mach tong hp gom nhieu IC theo y. Cac bc thc hien : Bc 1 : Ve mach nh hnh di bang cach s dung cac linh kien sau : 1 IC 4017[Digital bay number/40XX/4017] 1 Pusler[Digital/Intrumen/Pusler](p) co gan en Led hien th. 11 Logic Display[Display/Digital Only/Logic Display](9) 2 Logic Switch[Switches/Digital/Logic Switch](s)
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10L11 U1 4017
L12
V1
CP1 Q1 CP2 Q2
Q5-9 Q9 Q8 Q7 Q6 Q5 CP1 Q4 CP0 Q3 Q2 MR Q1 Q0
0V S2 0V S1
Mach em dung IC 4017. Bc 2 : Sau khi ve mach xong , at cac cong tat S1 , S2 mc Logic 0 , roi sau o bat au che o mo phong bang cach nhap vao nut <Run> tren thanh cong cu . Hay chu y en tn hieu ngo vao va ngo ra . Bc 3 : Trong khi ang mo phong , ban nhap vao cong tat S1 (chan MR) e thay oi mc logic t 0 len 1 , hay quan sat xem mach co g thay oi khong . Sau khi quan sat xong nhap tr lai cong tat S1 e mc logic tr ve 0. Co nhan xet g ? Bc 4 : Thc hien lai bc 3 oi vi cong tat S2 (chan CP1) . Bc 5 : Nhan vao nut <Stop> tren thanh cong cu e dng che o mo phong , nhap chon cong cu xoa tren thanh cong cu sau o xoa day noi t S1 en chan MR , nhap chon cong cu noi day va noi chan MR vi mot ngo ra bat k (chan Q6 chang han) . Khi do ta co mot mach khac nh hnh sau :
115
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10L11 U1 4017
L12
V1
CP1 Q1 CP2 Q2
Q5-9 Q9 Q8 Q7 Q6 Q5 CP1 Q4 CP0 Q3 Q2 MR Q1 Q0
0V S2
+ T mach hnh tren , ban e cong tat S2 mc logic 0 va sau o bat au che o mo phong bang cach nhap vao nut <Run> tren thanh cong cu . Chu y quan sat ky ngo ra cua mach . Bc 6 : Trng bay nguyen ly hoat ong cua hai mach tren , s khac nhau gia hai cach noi cua chan MR ? II.BO LAP TUAN T T 2 EN 8 BC . Gii Thieu : Muc ch giup ban on lai 2 loai IC thng dung 74138/74LS138 va 74193/74LS193 e ket noi thanh bo lap tuan t dung e phat sang en Led (en bao) , ieu khien r-le vvCa hai vi mach 74138 , 74193 eu co nguon cung cap Vcc= +5v. Cac bc thc hien : Bc 1 : Noi mach nh hnh di ay bang cach s dung cac linh kien sau ay : 1 Pusser[Digital/Intrument/Pulser](p) 1 IC 74193 (74LS193)[Digital by number/74XXX/74193] 1 IC 74138 (74LS138)Digital by number/74XXX/74138] 1 Inverter 7404[Digital by number/74XX/7404] 1 +V [Digital/Power/V+] 1 Ground [Digital/Power/Ground](0) 1 Logic Display[Display/Digital Only/Logic Display](9) (hnh ve)
116
5V +V L9 V1
CP1 Q1 CP2 Q2
TP1 U1 74LS193
TCU TCD Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 U2 74LS138 74LS138
A2 A1 A0 E3 E2 E1 Q7 Q6 Q5 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0
5V S2 5V S1
U3A
Bo lap tuan t t 2 en 8 bc . Bc 2 : Sau khi ve mach xong , hay e chan PL va chan CPD muc logic 1 va sau o cho mach chay th bang cach nhap vao nut <Run> tren thanh cong cu va quan sat hoat ong cua mach . Chu y: en tn hieu ngo vao va ngo ra . Bc 3 : Nhap vao cong tat S1 e thay oi mc logic cua chan PL t 1 ve 0 , sau o nhap lai lan na e chuyen t 0 len 1 lai . Chu y: quan sat that ky sau moi lan nhap mouse , cho nhan xet . Bc 4 : Lam lai bc 3 (cong tat S2) oi vi chan CPD . Nhan xet g ve hai chan nay ? Bc 5 : Nhap vao nut <Stop> e dng che o mo phong . Noi iem A en ngo ra Q3 cua IC 74138 sau o bam nut <Run> cho vao mach chay va quan sat hoat ong cua mach . Bc 6 : Nhan vao nut <Stop> e dng che o mo phong . Noi iem A ngo ra Q6 cua IC 74138 sau o nhan vao nut <Run> cho vao mach chay va quan sat hoat ong cua mach . Qua hai bc thc hien (bc 5 va bc 6) ban nhan xet g ve che o Lap cua mach ien tren . Hay giai thch nguyen ly hoat ong cua mach . III.BO EM LEN XUONG T ONG (IC 74193/IC74154). Gii Thieu : Muc ch bai thc tap nay giup thay ro chuc nang em len , em xuong cua IC 74LS193 va ng dung IC nay trong viec ket noi vi IC 74LS154 (74154 co 4 ngo vao va 16 ngo ra) e tao bo em len-em xuong t ong . Vi nguyen ly hoat ong nh tren , ta co the m rong mach nay trong viec thiet ke mach quang cao , mach trang tr ieu kien ong may giat quay thuannghch tuy theo y thch va nhu cau sang tao cua mnh .
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Tom tat ly thuyet : 74154 la mot IC giai ma t 4 ng sang 16 ng (moi a ch 4 bit se kch thch mot au ra thap (L) trong khi tat ca au ra con lai mc cao (H) e cho phep vi mach lam viec th ca hai au vao cho phep eu phai thap . (Neu mot trong hai au vao mc logic cao th tat ca cac au ra eu cao ) . Nguon cung cap la +5v. Cac bc thc hien : Bc 1 : Noi mach nh hnh ve sau vi cac linh kien : 1 Pulser[Digital/Intrument/Pulser](p) 1 Logic Display[Display/Digital Only/Logic Display](9) 4 IC 7400[Digital by number/74XX/7400] 1 IC 74LS193[Display by number/74XXX/74193] 1 IC 74LS154[Display by number/74XXX/74154] 16 Led phat quang [Digital/Diode/Led] Vcc = +5v [Digital/Power/+V](1) 1 R = 470 [Passive Componens/Resistors/Resistor](r) 1 Ground[Digital/Power/Ground](0)
V+
5V S1 L1 U2 74LS75 U3 74LS47
abcdefg.
DISP1
V1
CP1 Q1 CP2 Q2
U1 74LS90
Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0
D3 D2 E23 D1 D0 E01
__ Q3 Q3 __ Q2 Q2 __ Q1 Q1 __ Q0 Q0
A3 A2 A1 A0
g f e d c b a
test RBI RBO
Bo em len-xuong t ong . Bc 2 : Sau khi ve mach xong , e cong tat S (chan PL cua IC 74193) mc logic 0 (L) sau o cho mach chay th bang cach nhap vao nut <Run> tren thanh cong cu . Quan sat tn hieu ngo vao va tn hieu ngo ra cua mach Bc 3 : Nhap vao cong tat S (chan PL cua 74193) e thay oi mc logic t 1 ve 0 . Hay chu s thay oi hoat ong cua mach , sau nhap S mot lan na e chan PL tr ve mc logic 1 ban au , mach lai thay oi nh the nao Bc 4 : Nhan nut <Stop> tren thanh cong cu e dng che o mo phong , van e PL mc logic 1 , bat au nhap vao nut <Run Step> tng cai mot va can than chu y quan sat tn hieu ngo vao va tn hieu ngo ra . Nhan xet g ve hai che o mo phong <Run> va <Run Step>.
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Hay giai thch nguyen ly hoat ong cua mach va co ket luan g ve chan PL cua IC 74LS193 trong mach . Chu y : Neu en Led nhay nhanh qua ta co the lam cham lai bang cach vao trnh n <Option> thay oi cac tham so trong <Digital Option> .
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