Prehistoric Ladies From Macedonia

Katalog Skopje 2007.
indd 1
8.12.2007 14:19:13
published by
MUZEJ NA MAKEDONIJA, Skopje
for the publisher
Ljiljana Stojevska
author of the catalogue and organizer of the exhibition
Irena Kolitrkoska Nasteva
authors of the catalogue items - expert collaborators
, . . .
Irena Kolitrkoska Nasteva, I. K. N.
Museum of Macedonia, Skopje
, . .
Marija Vasileva, M. V.
- ,
Institute and Museum - Bitola, Bitola
, . .
Dragia Zdravkovski, D. Z.
, . .
Marija Atanasova, M. A.
, . .
Duko Temelkovski, D. T.
- ,
Institute and Museum - Prilep, Prilep
- ,
Institute and Museum - Prilep, Prilep
, . .
Aleksandar Mitkoski, A. M.
- , . . .
Margarita Stamenova - Atanasova, M. S. A.
- ,
Institute and Museum - Strumica, Strumica
, . .
Trajanka Jovevska, T. J.
- ,
National Museum - Veles, Veles
Museum of the City of Skopje, Skopje
, . .
Milo Bilbija, M. B.
, . .
Lenka Trajkovska, L. T.
- ,
National Museum - Kumanovo, Kumanovo
, . .
Traje Nacev, T. N.
- ,
Institute and Museum - tip, tip
proof reading
Aleksandar Jordanoski
translation into English
Nada Andonovska
design and layout
Zoran Runev
photographs
Miroslav Dimovski

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conservation and preparation
Stanka Petkovska, Museum of Macedonia, Skopje

Slavica Stojkovska, Museum of Macedonia, Skopje
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Realization of the project Prehistoric Macedonian Ladies

was funded by The Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Macedonia
printed by
TOTEM, Skopje, R. Macedonia
500
edition
500 copies
, 2007
SKOPJE, 2007
ISBN 9989-917-32-9
Katalog Skopje 2007.indd 2
8.12.2007 14:19:13

PREHISTORIC MACEDONIAN LADIES
8.12.2007 14:19:14
8.12.2007 14:19:14

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The exhibition Prehistoric Macedonian Ladies is yet another distinguished contribution to the overall
museum activities accomplished by the Museum of Macedonia.
The idea and the efforts of the author are aimed to the scholarly circles and the public at large to
represent the accomplishment from the six decades of researches in the domain of archaeology,
through the prism of spiritual and aesthetic expression of the ancient population living on these
territories.
Ninety-five Neolithic and Eneolithic ladies have been collected dated to the sixth, the fifth and
the fourth millennia BC from the Museum of Macedonia and from most of the other museum
institutions in the country. On this occasion I would like to thank to the colleagues to their willingness
to cooperate.
I would like to express gratitude to the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Macedonia for approving
and financing the accomplishment of this project.
Director,
Ljiljana Stojevska
8.12.2007 14:19:14
8.12.2007 14:19:14
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he abundance of terracotta figurines depicting women from prehistory. i.e. from the Neolithic
and Eneolithic, discovered in R. Macedonia, have imposed the idea of conjoining the most of them
together and displaying them in an exhibition titled Prehistoric Macedonian Ladies. It embraces an
attempt to present, in a single display, archaeological artifacts that are inter-related merely by one
concept - the woman. The exhibition aims to elucidate a segment of the rich spiritual life of the prehistoric populace settling these territories from the sixth until the third millennia BC.
The exhibition displays ninety four figurines, all of which have been made in clay, with the exception
of one statuette in marble (fig.1). This collection has been compiled from excavations carried out
throughout the sixty years of Macedonian archaeology.
RESEARCHERS
In the course of years, archaeologists have been tackled by a number of archaeologists. Among them
are Grbi M., Gokova P., Maki P., Garaanin M., Kitanoski B., Simoska D., Sanev V., Saroski S., Bilbija M., Mitrevski D., Zdravkovski D., Kilitrkoska Nasteva I., Stamenova Atanasova M., Vasileva M.,
Jovevska T., Trajkovska L., Atanasova M., Temelkoski D., Mitkoski A., Nacev T. etc.
ANALOGIES, CHRONOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS AND CULTURAL GROUPS
Analogies to the finds (figurines) are being found, mainly by analysis of the overall discovered archaeological material, including both the architecture (houses, structures, dug-outs, etc.) and the
movable material excavated at particular sites. These observations and accomplishments are being
compared with the features of the nearest and most closely associated cultural groups in the region
and further afield. In this way the archaeological artifacts are assigned within a certain chronological
framework.
Throughout the decades of archaeological excavations, researches and reconnaissance activities that
were rather intense in the past thirty years, about four hundred prehistoric sites have been identified on the territory of R. Macedonia dating from Neolithic and Eneolithic period. Archaeological
excavations have been carried out only at some of them, having resulted with pretty clear picture
of the prehistoric chronological development. Having been correlated by the overall analysis of the
archaeological material, the figurines have been ascribed to a given chronological framework. They
have also been attributed specific features and traits of the designated period.
By C14 analysis carried out in R.Macedonia and in neighboring countries, and also by comparative
analysis, the chronological framework of the Neolithic has been set to 6500 - 4800 BC and of the
Eneolithic to 4800 - 2500 BC.
Concerning the Neolithic on the territory of R. Macedonia the basic widely accepted cultural groups
are Anzabegovo-Vinik, Zelenikovo and Veluina-Porodin. On the grounds of overall chronological
analysis three stages have been identified in the Neolithic, classified as Early, Middle and Late Neolithic. They correlate with the wider cultural complexion in the Balkans, more particularly with the
Balkan-Anatolian complex, than with the Starevo, i.e. Vina-Tordo complex, Zelenikovo; and the
11
8.12.2007 14:19:14
complexes Karanovo; Proto-Sesklo, Sesklo and Dimini. Each of the mentioned cultural complexions
has been classified into sub-groups according to specific stylistic features and the chronological
definition. As to the Eneolithic, the basic cultural group in R. Macedonia is uplevec-Bakarno Gumno,
which corresponds to the wider cultural complexion in the region Bubanj-Salkutica-Krivodol. The
Eneolithic has also been assigned a more detailed chronology, having been classified as Early, Middle
and Late Eneolithic with further division into sub-groups.
SETTLEMENTS AND DWELLINGS
Neolithic settlements were relatively small, consisting of twenty or thirty houses located on mounds
in plains. In their vicinity there was clear drinking water, fertile soil for cultivating grains, natural
resources of salty earth for the cattle and other necessities. Houses were built of vertical support
beams with wattle-and-daub between them. They were coated with mud mixed with cattle manure
as binding material. Walls built in this way were covered with thatched straw of light structure,
presumably with a pitched type of roof. The interior was divided with partition walls. The width of
houses was normally five to six meters, their length measuring up to ten meters. In the Eneolithic,
the settlements were smaller, with fewer houses, situated on higher spots with a particular strategic
position. Houses were more or less the same as the Neolithic dwellings.
PLACES OF DISCOVERY OF THE LADIES
The figurines of the Prehistoric ladies were discovered mainly in houses, or places which were in
some way marked as cult sites, where they were placed on pedestal altars (M. Gimbutas, The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe, 6500-3500, Los Angeles 1962, p.72). Sometimes there are assumptions that the entire structure was used as a shrine for performing certain ritual activities. (V. Sanev,
Macedoniae Acta Archaeologica, No.9, Skopje 1988, p.9-30).
TYPOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION
In regard to the Neolithic, based on typological analysis, figurines have been classified as: 1. freestyle figurines expressing postures from everyday life, standing or seated (figs. 1-7, 17-26 and 28-37);
2. free-style figurines showing stylization, often column-shaped with emphasized feminine features
(figs. 8-16) and 3. cylinder-figurines, laid on top of the house models (figs. 38-40, 42-54). Most of the
depicted women were adorned with bracelets, armbands, necklaces and diverse hairdos.
The Eneolithic period lacked the type of cylinder-figurine on house model, whereas production continued of: 1. free-style realistic, standing and seated figurines, often adorned with engraved decoration on the body, resembling tattoos (bodies were presumably painted on the occasion of festivities or to express some beliefs (figs. 89-95), 2. free-style figurines showing stylization, standing and
seated also slightly stylized, with emphasized feminine attributes, jewelry, coiffure and pieces of
clothing (figs. 55-80, 82-88).
It should be added that certain differences can be perceived in the execution: Neolithic figurines
were often depicted nude or partly dressed, whereas clothing was rendered on most of the Eneolithic ones. There are no essential differences between the two periods in the concept of representing
12
8.12.2007 14:19:14
women, apart from the ones stated above.

Some artifacts of different nature should be singled out, such as domestic utensils - vases depicting
women (figs. 27 and 81), which are considered by some scholars to have played a particular role
in performing cult ceremonies (Todorova H., Vaisov I., a ,
1983, p.214). Very unusual and so far unique is the totem from Madzari (fig.41), which arouses a
sense of admiration, respect and protection by its voluptuousness.
PRODUCTION
The figurines were made by hand, mainly out of well purified clay. After modeling they were baked at
a high temperature from 900C to 1000C. Larger figurines or altars were molded around a wooden
pole, which served as a carrier for holding the heavy clay. These poles must be burnt in the process
of baking, but there are visible imprints of them on the inside of the figurines. Decorations on the
bodies were made either by applying amounts of clay ornamentation or by carving with sharp bone
tools.
The figurines have been executed with a high sense of creativity. Each figurine is unique, although
they often resemble each other, according to the stylistic-typological analysis carried out. Such is the
case with the Great Mother - Goddess, whose image has been discovered in the regions of Skopje,
Tetovo, Kumanovo and Ove Pole (figs. 38-40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 49, 52 and 53), as well as in Pelagonija
(figs. 43, 45, 47, 50, 51 and 54). This should certainly be taken into consideration, since it indicates
close contact between the populations of these areas, showing also that they worshiped the same
gods and shared the same beliefs. These goddess-figurines were confined to a specific area. Namely,
so far they have been discovered merely in R. Macedonia. In some neighboring countries fragments
have been discovered, that might have belonged to the type of altar-figurine but this cannot be confirmed with any certainty. This is an argument in favor of certain local beliefs and features distinctive
only to this territory.
One question arises who were these ladies made by - a man or a woman? In that sense, interesting
information has been obtained from analyses of fingerprints preserved on the clay. In some cases,
fingers were thinner, which leads to an assumption that they were sometimes created by womans
hands (fig. 78, traces of textile are visible on the clay, with which the figurine was modeled). However, obvious traces of fingers have not always been preserved, so what we have stated above can
only be a presumption, not a given fact. The question shall almost certainly remain unanswered. The
fact is that they were always designed by the hands of a skilled artisan showing concern for accurate
depiction. In cases where the image showed stylized expression, the creator made a particular effort
to emphasize the feminine attributes. The abundance and diversity of coiffures and jewelry point to
realistic examples from everyday life.
BELIEFS
Following the data acquired from the archaeological excavations we can conclude that figurines have
been discovered inside the houses, within the home of our ancestors. These images were placed in
areas designed especially for that purpose, forming podiums, pedestals, altar tables, identified as
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8.12.2007 14:19:15
cult places.
There are a considerable number of images of pregnant women (figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 46 and 60). They
were probably adored, above all, as carriers of the forthcoming new life, of the generations to come.
Due to the fact that figurines were frequently found in fragments, they are considered to have been
ritually broken during performance of certain rites, conveying wishes for fertility, easy birth without loss for the mother-to-be, and invoking regeneration for the Mother-Earth. According to the
semantics and the stylistic features of the figurines, as well as the issues that inspired the creative
spirit of prehistoric artisans, woman was sometimes captured as a symbol of beauty. Some figurines
reflect womens concern for the hearth and the home, the house and the family. Example for this are
altars with the image of the Great Mother (Mother Goddess, Magna Mater) embracing the cosmogonic symbol, the relation between Mother-Earth and the universe. Presumably, this is the reason
why these images have holes on the top of the cylinder-heads and, occasionally, on the floor of the
house model. They are to facilitate the communication of the earth-house-mother-birthing-cosmos
forces.
The woman epitomizing a symbol, modeled into a figurine and multiplied in diverse varieties implies
that she was highly esteemed in the prehistoric community.
From the present view, the social status of women was about the same characteristics, at least in
these territories, so, we find no difficulties in interpreting the symbolic elements encountered in
some figurines. The worship, adoration and respect of women in prehistory was confirmed in almost
every house. There was hardly any of the researched Neolithic and Eneolithic houses that did not
contain an idol of woman.
In the exhibition, one can feel the skillful hands of our ancestors showing a sense of beauty, harmony
and, at some points, the irresistible urge for stylization, always with the sole purpose of depicting
HER - the highly respected and widely worshiped prehistoric Lady. Women were adored intensively
and modeled in clay in the Neolithic and Eneolithic periods. However, towards the end of the Eneolithic and the beginning of the Bronze Age the predominance was taken by the newly discovered
metal (copper and bronze) and the creative potentials of artisans was focused on these new media
instead. Designing figurines of clay gradually died out. New trends emerged in execution of details as
cult objects, including pendants, buttons, buckles, pins, belts, etc., inspiring new breath in the spirit
of the prehistoric population.
Irena Kolitrkoska Nasteva
14
8.12.2007 14:19:15

FINDING SITES OF THE LADIES IN MACEDONIA
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1. FEMALE FIGURINE, marble

Tumba, v. Madari, Skopje region
Middle Neolithic, Anzabegovo-Vrnik III culture
H. 6.8 cm, inv. No. 317

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Stylized female figurine sculpted in marble. The broken-off

head is missing and the triangular torso shows small breasts.
The hands are resting on the belly. The thin waist continues in
steatopygous hips in short legs with emphasized thighs.
The figurine is made of fine-grained marble in dark and light
gray colour. It was discovered at House VI in 1989.
Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; M. A., D. Z.
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2. FEMALE FIGURINE, terracotta

Amam, v. Lopate, Kumanovo region
Late Neolithic, Anzabegovo-Vrnik IV culture
H. 5.1 cm, inv. No. A80
Lower part of seated female figurine.
The backside is finely modeled and legs are joined.
The light ochre figurine was discovered in 1978.
1
8.12.2007 14:19:19
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3. FIGURINE, terracotta
Gurgur Tumba, Bitola
Middle Neolithic, Veluina-Porodin culture
H. 5.5 cm, inv. No. 953
Standing female figurine of column-shaped upper body.
She has flattened top of the head and modeled nose, hands
resting on the belly. Thighs are emphasized and the belt
depicted on the waist is adorned with applied ornaments.
The colour is grayish-brown.
Institute and Museum - Bitola; M. V.
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8.12.2007 14:19:20
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Tumba, v. Optiari, Bitola region
H. 6.2 cm, inv. No. 1054
Stylized figurine of a seated woman, hands resting on
emphasized hips. The backside is emphasized as well.
She has long nose and finely modeled eyes and ears.
The coiffure is brown in six buns at the nape.
The colour of the figurine is light brown.
Institute and Museum - Bitola, M. V.
20
8.12.2007 14:19:22
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Veluka Tumba, v. Porodin, Bitola region
H. 6 cm, inv. No. 3606
Stylized figurine with a slightly roundish belly and emphasized
thighs. The pubic area is represented with round application
and two pierces. The colour is ochre.
Simoska D., Sanev V., Prehistory in central Pelagonia,
Bitola 1976, 33, fig. 35
21
8.12.2007 14:19:24
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Stylized figurine of a seated woman,

with hands resting on the belly.
The triangular head resembles a bird head.
The mouth and the navel are rendered
with impresso technique.
The colour is ochre.
22
8.12.2007 14:19:26
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, 1976, 33, . 35
H. 7 cm, inv. No. 10209
Seated pregnant woman, head missing.
Arms are folded, one resting on the belly the other one under
the breasts. Knees are marked on the legs.
The figurine is reddish brown.
Simoska D., Sanev V., Neolitska naselba Veluka Tumba kaj
Bitola, Macedoniae Acta Archaeologica 1, Prilep 1975,
T. XI, fig. 1, T.XX, fig. 1; ., ., Prehistory in
Central Pelagonia, Bitola 1976, 33, fig. 35
23
8.12.2007 14:19:27
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Mramor, v. aka, Veles region
Late Neolithic, Anzabegovo-Vrnik culture
H. 3.4 cm, inv. No. I-8
Fragment of a female figurine where only the torso, the neck
and the column-shaped head have been preserved.
Only the emphasized nose is modeled on the stylish head.
The torso is flat with slightly indicated belly.
Arms are marked with angular shape. The colour is brown.
National Museum - Veles, T. J.
24
8.12.2007 14:19:29
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9. FEMALE FIGURINE WITH BIRD-EYES, terracotta

Stranata, v. Angelci, Strumica region
H. 7.2 cm, inv. No. 1022
Stylized female figurine with a flat oblong body,
very thin in profile. Under the roundish top are incised eyes
and a modeled nose reminiscent of a birds beak.
Small breasts aresculpted below the face. There are traces of
arms at the belly. The colour is dark brown.
Institute and Museum - Strumica; M. S. A.
Sanev V., Stamenova M.,
Collection of works, Strumica 1989, 9-24
2
8.12.2007 14:19:31
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Middle Neolithic (5800-5300 BC),
Anzabegovo-Vrnik III culture
H. 9.5 cm, inv. No. 634
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Female figurine of flat body. The long head and face portray
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eyes carved in low relief, small nose and finely
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sculpted thin eyebrows. The hair is elaborate in a afro hairdo.
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The top of the head is pearced and has burnt traces.
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Its colour is ochre.
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8.12.2007 14:19:32
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Tumba, v. Porodin, Bitola region
H. 9.5 cm, inv. No. 14
Column-shaped female figurine. The nose and the eyes are
finely modeled and the wide open mouth shows the cavity.
The figure is adorned with a necklace. The ears and the
preserved right arm are pierced for suspending.
The colour of the figurine is gray.
Grbi M., Maki P., Na ., Simoska D., Stalio B.,
Porodin, kasno neolitsko naselje na tumbi kod Bitolj,
Bitolj 1960, Pl.XXIX, fig. 3; Simoska D., Sanev V.,
Prehistory in Central Pelagonija, Bitola 1976, p.35, fig. 80
2
8.12.2007 14:19:34
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H. 10 cm, inv. No. 13
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Column-shaped female figurine. The nose and the eyes are
. . finely modeled and the wide open mouth shows the cavity. The
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figure is adorned with a necklace. The ears and the
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preserved left arm are pierced for suspending.
.
The colour of the figurine is gray.
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1976, 35, . 79
Prehistory in Central Pelagonija, Bitola 1976, p.35, fig.79
2
8.12.2007 14:19:35
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13. STANDING FIGURINE, terracotta

uka, v. Topolani, Prilep region
H. 8.6 cm, inv. No. 97
Figurine shaping a column with oval,
flattened top and modeled nose.
Eyes are depicted with deep slanting incisions.
Arms and breasts are slightly indicated.
The colour is gray.
Institute and Museum - Prilep; D. T., A. M.
Macedonian Heritage 17, Skopje 2001, p.61, Pl. I, fig. 1
2
8.12.2007 14:19:37
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Barutnica, v. Amzabegovo, Sveti Nikole region
H. 10 cm, inv. No. N/A
Column-shaped standing figurine, oval in plan.
The prosopomorphic face shows carved eyes, modeled nose
and slightly marked eyebrows. Folded arms are merged with
the body and marked with engraved line.
The hair is depicted on the top with incised zigzag line.
The light ochre figurine is a random find.
Koroec P. and J., Barutnica, Prilep 1973, T.XI, fig.11
30
8.12.2007 14:19:38
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1992, 23

Stobi, Gradsko
H. 8.5 cm, inv. No. MF 675
Column-shaped figurine in standing position, oval in plan.
The prosopomorphic face shows engraved eyes,
modeled nose and slightly marked eyebrows.
Hands are slightly indicated and marked with two small holes.
The figurine of light ochre colour was discovered in 1978.
Sanev V., Guide of the Archaeological Exhibition,
Skopje 1992, p.23
31
8.12.2007 14:19:40
16. ,
, . ,
(5300-4800 . ...), - IV

. 2.7 , . . 528
,
.
,
. . 2003 .
- ; . .

H. 2.7 cm, inv. No. 528
Miniature female figurine of column-shaped body.
The prosopomorphic face shows emphasized nose and incised
slanting eyes. The hair is drawn in a chignon at the top.
The figurine is slightly wider at the bottom.
It colour is light ochre. It was discovered in 2003.
Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; D. Z.
32
8.12.2007 14:19:41
17. ,
,
(5300-4800 . ...), - III

. 10.1 , . .
.
. ,
.
.
- ; . ., . .
., ,
1992, 22, ., , ,
2, 1996, 10-11

Maevo, Berovo
Late Neolithic, Anzabegovo-Vrnik III culture
H. 10.1 cm, inv. No. N/A
Lower part of a female standing figurine. It has three rows of
impressed decoration on the belly.
The hips are slightly steatopygous and on the legs are
impressed dots forming angular patterns.
The figurine colour is light brown and is accidental finding.
Sanev V., Guide of the Archaeological Exhibition at MM,
Skopje 1992, p.22
Keramitiev A., Berovo, Archaeological Map, T2,
Skopje 1996, p.10-11
33
8.12.2007 14:19:43
18. ,
, . ,
, -
. 4.2 , . . I-59
.
,
.
, ,
.
.
.
- ; . .

Zuniver, v. Izvor, Veles region
H. 4.2 cm, inv. No. I-59
Part of a female figurine modeled in reddish clay.
Only legs, the hips and the waist have been preserved.
The figurine shows steatopygia and emphasized hips.
The legs preserved down to the knees
are narrower at the bottom.
The waist also becomes slightly narrower.
The inner side the leg is roughly flattened.
National Museum - Veles; T. J.
34
8.12.2007 14:19:45
19. ,
, . ,
, -
. 7.4 , . . 1023
,

. ,
.
.
- ; . . .
., ., ,
1989, 9-24
19. FIGURINE OF STANDING WOMAN, terracotta

H. 7.4 cm, inv. No. 1023
Female figurine showing steatopygia. Small breasts are finely
modeled on the flat upper body and
the legs are bell-shaped at the bottom,
presumably for the purpose of stability of the figurine.
The colour is light brown.
Institute and Museum -Strumica; M. S. A.
Collection of Works, Strumica 1989, 9-24
3
8.12.2007 14:19:46
20. ,
, . ,
, -
. 4.2 , . . 48

. ,
.
.
. .
- ; . ., . .
17, 2001, 61 . II, 7
20. SEATED FIGURINE, terracotta

Vrbjanska uka, v. Slavej, Prilep region
H. 4.2 cm, inv. No. 48
Figurine of flat body leaning backwards, head missing.
It has slightly indicated arms, emphasized steatopygia.
The pubic area is indicated with a small circular pierce.
The legs are marked with a notch and end in oval shape.
The colour is brown.
NI Institute and Museum - Prilep; D. T., A. M.
Macedonian Heritage 17, Skopje 2001, 61, Pl.II, 7
3
8.12.2007 14:19:48
21. ,
, . ,
, -
. 3.3 , . . 1024
,
, ,

V. ,
.
- ; . . .
., ., ,
1989, 9-24

H. 3.3 cm, inv. No. 1024
Lower part of a female figurine with short,
finely modeled steatopygous tights cut flat at the bottom.
The pubic area is marked with a carved V-shape line.
The figurine is brown on the front and dark gray on the back.
Institute and Museum - Strumica; M.S.A.
Collection of Works, Strumica 1989, 9-24
3
8.12.2007 14:19:49
22. ,
, . ,
, -
. 3.2 , . . I-186
.
.
, .
,
.
,
.
- ; . .

H. 3.2 cm, inv. No. I-186
Part of a seated female figurine
modeled in purified reddish clay.
The fragment depicts the thighs, the rear and the waist.
The steatopygous rear and hips
probably continued in short legs.
Only the waist has been preserved of the torso,
which is considerable thinner than the hips.
3
8.12.2007 14:19:51
23. ,
, . ,
, -
. 5.4 , . .
.
,
.
. .
- ; . ., . .

Mogila, v. Senokos, Prilep region
Late Neolithic, Veluina-Porodin culture
Figurine showing steatopygia. The upper body and the lower
part of the legs are broken off. Pubic area is marked with
incised triangle. Legs are depicted with carved line.
3
8.12.2007 14:19:53
24. ,
,
, -
. 5.5 , . . 420

.
.
.
.
, ,
. .
- ; . ., . .
17, 2001, 60 . I, 2
24. TWO-PART FIGURINE, terracotta

Ali air, Prilep
H. 5.5 cm, inv. No. 420
Lower body of a figurine with slightly indicated
pregnancy and pubic area marked with a deep notch.
Legs indicated with carved line are broken-off
in the lower part and the knees are pierced through.
On the back side a vertical row of slanting notches
depicts the spinal column.
The top of almost triangular cross-section
has a hole for inserting head.
The colour of the figurine is brown.
Macedonian Heritage 17, Skopje 2001, 60, Pl.I, 2
40
8.12.2007 14:19:54
25. ,
, . ,
, -
. 4.2 , . . I-57

H. 4.2 cm, inv. No. I-57

Anthropomorphic female figurine in a sitting position.
The figurine depicts merely the rear, voluminous hips and legs.
, .
The short legs end sharply at the bottom.
, ()
The colour is brownish-red.
. .
,
. -.
- ; . .
41
8.12.2007 14:19:56
26. ,
, . ,
, -
. 2.4 , . . 8
.
.
.
- ; . .
., ., ,
1976, 35, . 76

H. 12.4 cm, inv. No. 8
Standing female figurine with hands resting on the hips.
Pubic area is indicated with round appliqu.
Simoska D., Sanev V.,
Prehistory in Central Pelagonija, Bitola 1976, p.35, fig.76
42
8.12.2007 14:19:57
27. - ,
, . ,
, -
. 7,5 , . . I/103
27. ANTHROPOMORPHIC VASE - JOFKA, terracotta

Vrnik, v. Tarinci, tip region
Neolithic, Anzabegovo-Vrnik culture
H. 7.5 cm, inv. No. I/103

Anthropomorphic vase depicting lower part of female body
, .
modeled with pronounced steatopygia and very short legs. It is
.
decorated with impressed dots to form triple parallel lines and
,
double zigzag patterns. When is discovered in an archaeological
- .
campaign, a necklace of snails and shells was found inside.
,
It could be assumed to have been used for keeping jewelry or for
.
certain ritual purposes.
.
It has polished surface in gray colour.
, .
The left thigh has been slightly damaged.
.
Institute and Museum - tip., T. N.
- ; . .
Garaanin M., Sanev V., Simoska D., Kitanoski B.,catalogue,
, ., ., .,
Les civilisations prehistoriques de la Macedonie,
, 1971, 40,
tip 1971, 40, fig.48
. 48; ., ., ., .,
Sanev V., Simoska D., Kitanoski B., S.Saroski, catalogue,
, 1976, 39, .91; ., Urgeschichte Makedoniens, Skopje 1976, 39, fig.91; Sanev V.,
,
Guide Through Archaeological Exhibition at the
1992, 12
Museum of Macedonia, Skopje 1992, 12
43
8.12.2007 14:19:59
28. ,
, . ,
, -
. 7.7 , . . 1946
.
, .
. .
- ; . ., . .

Middle Eneolithic, uplevec-Bakarno Gumno culture
H. 7.7 cm, exc. No. 1946
Figurine of flat body with special hole for inserting head.
Hands, legs and one breast are broken-off.
It has slightly indicated pregnancy. The colour is brown.
44
8.12.2007 14:20:00
29. ,
, . ,

. 6.1 , . .
.
, .
. .
- ; . ., . .
29. CRUCIFORM FIGURINE, terracotta

Golem Kamen, v. Lopatica, Prilep region
Late Eneolithic
Cruciform stylized figurine of flat body.
It is cut-flat on the top and roundish at the bottom,
showing modeled breasts and arms sculpted horizontally.
4
8.12.2007 14:20:02
30. ,
,
, -
. 6.2 , . .
,
.
,
.
e , ,
. .
- ; . ., . .
30. UPPER BODY OF A FIGURINE, terracotta

umuica, Prilep
Figurine with a head of triangular cross-section has
emphasized nose, almond eyes depicted with slanting notches
and modeled mouth and breasts. Arms and lower body are
missing. The coiffure depicted of densely incised lines drown
into a chignon at the nape.
4
8.12.2007 14:20:03
31. ,
,
, -
. 5 , . . 125
.
. .
,
, . .
- ; . . .
31. STYLIZED FIGURINE, terracotta

Crkveni Livadi, Struga region
Eneolithic, uplevec-Bakarno Gumno culture
H. 5 cm, inv. No. 125
Completely preserved figurine depicting a woman.
The body is flat in profile, showing small sculpted breasts.
Rudmintary hands are spread and
the head is merged with the body.
The figurines colour is light brown.
Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; I. K. N.
4
8.12.2007 14:20:05
32. ,
, . ,
, -
. 5.8 , . .
,
.
,
. .
- ; . ., . .

Figurine of flat upper body, broken-off head
and arms missing. It has triangular rear, column-shaped legs
with sculpted feet and emphasized hips.
4
8.12.2007 14:20:07
33. ,
, . ,
, -
. 5.8 , . .
. ,
, .
.
- ; . ., . .

Figurine of column-shaped body and broken-off arms,
legs and one breast. It has finely sculpted nose.
4
8.12.2007 14:20:08
34. ,
, . ,
, -
. 5.3 , . . I-55

. ,
.
. .
.

.
- ; . .

H. 5.3 cm, inv. No. I-55
Fragment of a female figurine modeled in
reddish-brown clay mixed with sand.
Only the flat upper body has been preserved,
down to the waist, where symmetrical arms have been
merely indicated by the angular shape and
small breasts finely modeled.
0
8.12.2007 14:20:10
35. ,
, . ,
, -
. 6.4 , . . I-9
,
.
.
.
- ; . .

H. 6.4 cm, inv. No. I-9
Fragment of a female figurine modeled in light brown clay.
The long thin legs has an emphasized rear.
The upper body of the figurine must have been flat.
1
8.12.2007 14:20:11
36. ,
, . ,
, -
. 4.5 , . . 126
.
,
. .
.
- ; . ., . .

Kutline, v. Rakle, Prilep region
H. 4.5 cm, inv. No. 126
Figurine of flat body, head and legs missing.
It shows steatopygia, modeled arms
and slightly indicated pregnancy.
Its colour is brown.
2
8.12.2007 14:20:13
37. ,
, . ,
, -
. 9.5 , . . 845
.
. .
,
. .
.
- ; . .

Dolno Oreovo, v. uplevec, Bitola region
H. 9.5 cm, inv. No. 845
The flat torso of a female figurine has a deep opening on
the top for inserting head. Breasts are sculpted and
the emphasized belly is depicted with engraved lines.
The colour is dark gray with shiny surface.
3
8.12.2007 14:20:14
38. ,
, . ,
(5800-5300 . ..),
- III
. 18 , . . 591

. . .

.
.
.
. .
1985 .
- ; . ., . .
38. ANTHROPOMORPHIC CYLINDER, terracotta

Tumba, v. Madari, Skopje
H. 18 cm, inv. No. 591
The anthropomorphic cylinder is part of an altar portraying
the Great Mother. Its has soft quadrangle shape.
Has been sculpted around a wooden stick. The face portrays
closed eyes carved in low relief. The line of the eyes goes
slightly downwards the inside touching the small nose, which
continues in the fine lines of the eyebrows. The hair is parted
in many tresses and fastened with vertical hair-pin.
The cylinder has a hole on the top.
Its colour is ochre. It was discovered in 1985.
4
8.12.2007 14:20:16
39. ,
, . ,
(5800-5300 . ..),
- III
. 14 , . . 66
- .
. .
.
, .
.
. .
-. .
. 1981 .
- ; . ., . .

H. 14 cm, inv. No. 66
The anthropomorphic cylinder is part of an altar portraying the
Great Mother. Its has soft quadrangle shape.
Has been sculpted around a wooden stick. Almond-eyes are
modeled on the face and the fine vow-lines of eyebrows start
from the small nose, marking the eye-hole. The mouth is
sculpted with a small circle. Bellow the mouth are finely modeled breasts. Broken-off arms are missing. The hair is modeled
with fine curls. The cylinder has a hole on the top.
Its colour is reddish. It was discovered in 1981.
Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; D. Z., M. A.

8.12.2007 14:20:17
40. ,
, . ,
(5800-5300 . ..),
- III
. 9 , . . 418
,
.
. ,
.
. .
.
. . 1985 .
- ; . ., . .
40. ANTHROPOMORPHIC HEAD, terracotta

H. 9 cm, inv. No. 418
Head from and altar depicting the Great Mother preserve
down to the bottom of the neck. The face of slightly triangular
form has half-open incised eyes with modeled edges of the
eyelids and eyebrows starting from the small nose. The mouth
is small as well. The hair is depicted with deep carved lines.
On the top of the head there is a hole with burnt traces.
The reddish-ochre figurine was discovered
accidentally in 1988.
Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; M.A., D.Z.

8.12.2007 14:20:19
41. - TOTEM,
, . ,
, - III
. 29 , . . 493
.
.
, ,
, .
.
.
,
- . . 1984 .
- ; . .
41. ANTHROPOMORPHIC HEAD - TOTEM, terracotta

H. 29 cm, inv. No. 493
The head of impure clay has been simply modeled around a
thick pole. The eyes are carved in low-relief on the flat face.
The nose is small and the eyebrows are slightly marked.
The face is coated with several layers of clay and merged
with the thick neck. The hair is modeled in tresses to form
a chignon on the right side. The head has been broken-off
presumably from a monumental statue - totem. Its colour is
pale-ochre. Was founded accidentally in 1984.

8.12.2007 14:20:21
42. ,
, . ,
, - III
. 39 , . . 68
42. THE GREAT MOTHER, terracotta

H. 39 cm, inv. no. 68
Altar with the image of the Great Mother depicted down to the
- .
waist on top of a house model. The column-shaped head and
.
body have been modeled around a pole, of which there are im
prints on the inside. The fine bow-shaped eyebrows start from
. ,
. . the nose on the flat face. Closed eyes are engraved in low-relief.
Small breasts and a big navel have been modeled on the body.
, .
The elaborate coiffure shows finely sculpted curls and three
.
. . brown painted fringes on the forehead. There is a small hole on
the top. The face has been coated with several layers of clay.
.
Folded arms adorned with two bracelets rest on the house with
,
finger-spread palms. The altar depicts the birth of the Mother
.
emerging from the house and watching over the serenity of the

home. The quadrangular house has two oval openings on the
. .
front and rear side respectively. Each of the flanking walls has a
. . quadrate opening. There are small holes for suspending in each
corner of the roof. The brownish-ochre altar
.
was discovered in House 1 in 1981.
. 1981 . 1.
- ; . .
Sanev V., Neolitsko svetilite od Tumba vo s. Madari, Skopje
., .,
1981, (catalogue); Neolitsko svetilite od Tumba vo Madari,
1981, ();
Skopsko, Macedoniae acta archeaologica 9-39, Skopje
., , Macedoniae Acta Archaeologica 9-39,

8.12.2007 14:20:22
43. ,
, . ,
, -
. 25.5 , . . 55

, .

( ),
. ,
- .
, .
- ; . .
43. ALTAR, terracotta

Middle Neolithic Veluina-Porodin culture
H. 25.5 cm, inv. No. 55
Anthropomorphic model of a house, topped with chimneyshaped cylinder depicting the head of the Great Goddess
(Magna Mater). The goddess rendered as protector of the
house wears a ray-shaped necklace ornate with pellets. The
house has inverted T-shaped openings on all four sides. The
altar of burnished surface is in dark brown colour.

8.12.2007 14:20:24
44. ,
, . ,
, - III
. 31,5 , . . 592
.
. ,
, .
. . . .

.
. .
.
.
- ; . .

H. 31.5 cm, inv. No. 592
Altar with the image of the Great Mother depicted down to
the waist on top of the house model. The flat face portray a
pointed nose, slightly marked eyebrows and closed slanting
eyes carved in low relief. The house of a cubic plan has four
oval openings on the front and read sides respectively.
On one side wall there is M-shaped opening and on the opposite wall are two slanting holes. There are small holes for
suspending on each corner of the roof. The colour is brown.
0
8.12.2007 14:20:25
45. ,
, . ,
, -
. 16 , . . 1139
.
. ,
- .
. ,
,
. .
, .
- ; . .
45. ALTAR, terracotta

Djorev rid, v. Suvodol, Bitola region
H. 16 cm, inv. No. 1139
Anthropomorphic model of a house topped with chimney
depicting a woman down to the waist. Her skirt is the roof and
the house itself symbolizes the womb. The entrance depicted
by incised triangle symbolizes the pubic area. It is cubic in plan
and has a round opening on the floor, two triangular windows
on each of the flanking walls and rectangular entrance on the
rear wall. The colour of the figurine is reddish-brown
with traces of burning.
1
8.12.2007 14:20:27
46. ,
, . ,
, -
. 35 , . . 176

, .
, .
.
.
,
, .
,
, ,
, ,
. .
- ; . .
Milo Bilbija, Arheoloki pregled 26, Ljubljana 1986, 36;
., ., ,
, 1984, 41; .,
, 1, , 1994,
40; ., ., ., .,
- , 1995, 33

Cerje, v. Govrlevo, Skopje region
Middle Neolithic, Anzabegovo-Vrnik culture
H. 35 cm, inv. no. 176
Figurine with cylindrically modeled body and head on top of
the cubic and oval post with openings at the front and the
back. Above the eyes, the eyebrows are accented and the nose
is pointed. The arms are bent on the elbows and leaning on
the post. The notched top has a hole as well as the four angles
on the post, resembling the model of the house. The upper
and the lower part of the arms are decorated with pair of arm
bands, and around the neck, on the chests, on the shoulders
and the back is knotted a stripe-like necklace with a link, but
around the waist it has a berry-like belt. The hairdo is marked
with angled cuts.
Museum of the City of Skopje - Skopje; M. B.
Milo Bilbija, Archaeological Report 26, Ljubljana 1986, 36;
Georgiev Z., Bilbija M.; Culture Heritage, Institute for Protection, Skopje 1984, 41; Sanev V., Archaeological Map of
Macedonia, T. I, MANU, Skopje 1994, 40; ausidis N., Lili V.,
Serafimova A, Aleksiev E., Macedonia - Culture Heritage, Skopje
1995, 33
2
8.12.2007 14:20:29
47. ,
, . ,
(5800-5300 . ...),
- III
. 13.3 , . . 339
, - .
.
.
.
,
.
. .
- ; . ., . .
., ,
, 1980, 21, . . 56

Tumba Sredselo, v. Mogila, Bitola region
H. 13.3 cm, inv. No. 339
The hollow cylinder is part of an altar, depicting
the Great Mother. A big nose is modeled
over the eyebrow line. Almond-shaped eyes
are looking down, showing emphasized eyelid.
The round lips are merely indicated, as association of
the first shy kiss. The bottom of the neck is adorned with
M-shaped necklace. The colour is reddish.
Museum of Macedonia - Skopje; M.A., D.Z.
Sanev V.,
From the Archaological Treasure of the SR Makedonija,
catalogue, Skopje 1980, 21, cat. No.56
3
8.12.2007 14:20:30
48. ,
, . ,
, - III
. 15,7 , . . 318

Tumba Sredselo, v. Mrevci, Skopje region
H. 15.7 cm, inv. No. 318
. Altar with the image of the Great Mother depicted down to

.
the waist on top of the house model. The column-shaped head
.
and body have been modeled around a pole. The front part
.
of the head is missing. Folded arms rest on the house finger .
spread palms. Armband is depicted on the right upper arm.
.
The house plan shapes a roundish quadrangle.
. .
The light brown altar was descovered in 1987.
1987 .
- ; . .
Sanev V., Sredselo Mrevci, Archaeological Map of Macedonia,
., ,
T II, Skopje 1996, 378-379
, 2, 1996, 378-379
4
8.12.2007 14:20:32
49. ,
, . ,
(5800-5300 . ...),
- III
. 10.5 , . . 339

Tumba, v. Madari, Skopje
H. 10.5 cm, inv. No. 339
The hollow cylinder is part of an altar portraying the Great

, - .
Mother. Big nose is portrayed on the face, touching the semi .
round eyebrows. Almond-shaped eyes are wide-open.
. . The hair is modeled in tresses fastened on the back in a form
.
of triangle. The cylinder has a hole on the top.
. 1982 .
Its colour is ochre-brown. It was discovered in 1982
- ; . ., . .

8.12.2007 14:20:33
50. ,
, . ,
, -
. 19 , . . 2326

. ,
.
.
- ; . .

H. 19 cm, inv. No. 2326
The cylinder is modeled to form a human countenance of
finely modeled chin. Earrings are depicted on the ears and the
necklace is rendered by semi-spheric applications.
Insitute and Museum - Bitola; M. V.

8.12.2007 14:20:35
51. ,
, . ,
, -
. 10 , . . 10220

H. 10 cm, inv. No. 10220
.
Part of an altar that must have been chimney on top of a
, .. .
house model. The cylinder portrays the image of a goddess
.. . ,
referred to as the Great Mother, wearing earring-pendants.
. ,
The hollow cylinder is flat on the top and
. .
has an opening in the middle. The colour is brown.
- ; . .
., .,
Simoska D., Sanev V., Neolithic settlement Veleka Tumba near
, Macedoniae acta archaeologica 1, 1975,
Bitola, Macedoniae Acta Archaeologica 1,
. XXIII, . 1; ., .,
Prilep 1975, Pl. XXII, fig. 1; Simoska D., Sanev V.,
, 1976, 33, . 42
Prehistory in Central Pelagonia, Bitola 1976, 33, fig. 42

8.12.2007 14:20:36
52. ,
, . ,
(5800-5300 . ...),
- III
. 6.5 , . . 255

. ,
, . .
,
.
- . .
. 1987 .
- ; . .
., ., Arheoloki pregled, Ljubljana
1989, 43; ., .,
Macedoniae acta archaeologica 12, 1991, 131-144

Tumba, v. Dolno Palite, Tetovo region
H. 6.5 cm, inv. No. 255
Part of a head showing finely portrayed, wide open almondshaped eyes with far-away look. Eyebrows are depicted by
fine bows starting from the small nose, marking the eye-hole.
Two incised slanting lines at the bottom are presumably part
of a necklace. The hair is rendered by zigzag lines carved in
low relief. The cylinder is in reddish-ochre colour with traces of
burning. It was discovered in 1987.
Zdravkovski D., Saroski S., Archaeological Report 28,
Ljubljana 1989, 43; Saroski S., Zdravkovski D., Macedoniae
Acta Archaeologica 12, Skopje 1991, 131-144

8.12.2007 14:20:38
53. ,
, . ,
(5800-5300 . ...),
- III
. 15.5 , . . 501
, -
. .
.
, .
.
-. . .
1999 .
- ; . ., . .

Tumba, air, Skopje
H. 15.5 cm, inv. No. 501
The anthropomorphic cylinder is a part of an altar portraying
the Great Mother. Its basic plan forms an irregular square and
has been sculpted around a wooden stick.
The face is depicted with incised eyes and a small nose
continuing in fine semi-circular eyebrows. The small mouth is
engraved in low-relief. The hair is modeled with fine curls.
The cylinder has a hole on the top.
Its colour is ochre. Found accidentally in 1999.

8.12.2007 14:20:40
54. ,
, . ,
, -
. 12 , . . 33

H. 12 cm, inv. No. 33
.
The cylinder must have been a part of an altar shaping
. a house model, representing its chimney. It portrays the image

of the Great Mother wearing semi-spherical earrings and
* . .
a necklace depicted by two lines of impressed dots.
- ; . .
The figurine is in brown colour
., ., ., ., ., ,
, 1960;
Grbi M., Maki P, Na S., Somoska D., Stalio B.,
., ., ,
Porodin, kasno neolitsko naselje na Tumbi kod Bitolj, Bitola
1976, 35, . 93
1960; Simoska D., Sanev V., Prehistory in Central Pelagonia,
Bitola 1976, 35, fig. 93
* () .
0
8.12.2007 14:20:41
55. ,
, . ,

. 6 , . . 1356
, .
,
.
.
; . ., . .

Tretena Stena, v. Manastir, Prilep region
Late Eneolithic
H. 6 cm, exc. no. 1356
Figurine with head broken-off, left arm
and legs are missing. It has modelled breasts,
the folded right arm touching the belly.
The coulour is grayish-brown.
1
8.12.2007 14:20:43
56. ,
,
, -
. 7.5 , . . 276
56. SEATED LADY, terracotta

River Drim Outfall, Struga
H. 7.5 cm, inv. No. 276
Woman sitting in a yoga position. It has polished round head

.
, merging with a long cylindric neck, which stands on an upright
body. Eyes,nose and mouth are slightly marked on the face.
e .
Hands are depicted on the belly with impressed line.
, .
The bottom and the legs forming a triangle, stable for sitting.
, ,
The back bears engraved pattern of double diamond.
.
The colour i dark gray.
. .
- ; . . .
Garaanin M., Sanev V., Simoska D., Kitanoski B., Les Civili ., ., ., .,
sations prhistoriques de la Macedonie, tip 1971, fig 129;
, 1971,
Kolitrkoska Nasteva I., Guide through the Archaeologic
129; .,
Exhibition at the Museum of Macedonia, Skopje 1992, p.30;
, 1992, . 30,
Sanev V., Simoska D., Kitanoski B., Saroski S.,
, ., ., .,
Urgeschichte Macedoniens, Skopje 1976, 48, fig.359
, 1976, 48, . 359
2
8.12.2007 14:20:44
57. ,
,
, -
. 4.9 , . 1079
,
.
, .

.
- ; . . .
57. SEATED WOMAN, terracotta

Carevi Kuli, Strumica
H. 4.9 cm, inv. No. 1079
Lower part of a seated female figurine preserved up to the
thin waist. It has a small belly and joined legs
with emphasized thighs, but without feet.
The figurine is light brown with ttraces of darker nuance
in the pubic area and under the belly.
3
8.12.2007 14:20:46
58. ,
, . ,
, -
. 7 , . . 7

H. 7 cm, inv. No. 7
. , Seated female figurine. The head is missing, folded hands rest

, .
below the belly. Thighs are emphasized.
, .
The polished surface is in grayish-black colour.
- ; . .
Insitute and Museum - Bitola; M. V.
., ., ., ., ., ,
Grbi M., Maki P, Na S., Somoska D., Stalio B., Porodin,
, 1960; Porodin, Late Neolitic Setlement at Tumba near Bitola, Bitola
., ., ,
1960; Simoska D., Sanev V., Prehistory in Central Pelagonia,
1976, 35, . 77
Bitola 1976, 35, fig. 77
4
8.12.2007 14:20:47
59. ,
, . ,
, -
. 4.7 , . .
.
.
, .. . .
- ; . . .
59. STYLIZEED SEATED WOMAN, terracotta

Tumba, v. Crnobuki, Bitola region
Pear-shaped seated figurine with rudimented legs,
hands resting on the hips. The figurine
has been modeled hastily in stylized manner.
Its colour is brown.
Museum of Macedonia; I. K. N.

8.12.2007 14:20:49
60. ,
, . ,
, -
. 8 , . . 953

H. 8 cm, inv. No. 953

Depiction of a pregnant woman seated on a four-legged stool,
. , .
with modeled breasts. The head is missing.
.
The colour of the figurine is reddish-brown.
- ; . .
., ., ,
Simoska D., Sanev V., Prehistory in cenrtal Pelagonia,
1976, 48, . 225
Bitola 1976, 48, fig. 225

8.12.2007 14:20:51
61. ,
, . ,
,
. 7 , . . 298
.
. ,
. -.
- ; . .
., ., ,
1976, 44, . 159

Golema Tumba, v. Trn, Bitola region
Late Neolithic, Trn culture
H. 7 cm, inv. No. 298
Female figurine seated on a chair, head and arms missing.
Breasts are modeled on the flat upper body.
The colour is reddish-brown.
Bitola 1976, 44, fig. 159

8.12.2007 14:20:52
62. ,
, . ,
, -
. 9.5 , . . 47
62. SEATED FEMALE FIGURINE, terracotta

Tumba, v. Crnobuki, Prilep region
H. 9.5 cm, inv. No. 47
.
Female figurine of flat body in profile. At the front, carved lines

mark the breasts and the pubic area, depicting also pieces of
, .
garment. There are traces of hair-do on the top of the head.
, , .
The countenance is stylized.
. .
The legs form a cone at the bottom.
- ; . . .
.,
, 1992, 30;
Nasteva Kolitrkoska I., Guide through the archaeological
., . , ,
exhibition at the MM, Skopje 1992, 30; Kolitrkoska Nasteva I.,
1994, 50
Archaeological Map of Macedonia, Vol. I,
MANU, Skopje 1994, 50

8.12.2007 14:20:54
63. ,
, . ,
, -
. 8.3 , . . 5877
.
. .
.
- ; . .
., ., ,
1976, 48, . 225

H. 8.3 cm, inv. No. 5877
Coarsely modeled depiction of a seated woman wearing hat.
The arms are spreaded. The colour of the figurine is brown.
Bitola 1976, 48, fig. 225

8.12.2007 14:20:55
64. ,
, . ,
, -
. 6.2 , . .
64. FIGURINE OF A SEATED WOMAN, terracotta

Stylized figurine of a seated woman with cone-shaped head

.
merging with the shoulders. Spread hands are raised to the
.
level of the breasts. The woman has emphasized and swallen
.
belly and ineptly applied breasts. The legs folded at the knees
.
are shorter, without feet. The figurine is dark-brown.
,
. . .
- ; . . .
Bitola 1976, 46, fig. 205;
., ., ,
1976, 46, . 205; ., ., .,
Prehistory in Macedonia, Skopje 1976, 50, fig. 414
., , 1976, 50, .
414
0
8.12.2007 14:20:57
65. ,
, . ,
, -
. 6.7 , . . 3/II
.
.
, , ,
,
. .
.

. ,
.
- ; . . .
., Macedoniae acta archaeologica 15,
1999, 28
65. UPPER BODY OF A WOMAN, terracotta

Pilavo, v. Burilevo, Koani region
H. 6.7 cm, inv. No. 3/II
Upper part of a woman with stylized head. Only two-humped
nose has been modeled on the face. On both sides on the
big ears there are two pierced holes one above another,
which might have been used for passing a tread and used as
a pendant. It is decorated with short slanting notches under
the armpits. The breasts and the pubic area are marked with
incised triangles. There are traces of red colouring on the burnished light brown surface.
Kolitrkoska Nasteva I., Macedoniae Acta Archaeologica 15,
Skopje 1999,28
1
8.12.2007 14:20:58
66. ,
, . ,
, -
. 3.7 , . . I-187

. .
.

. .
- ; . .

Kartalica, v. Izvor, Veles region
H. 3.7 cm, inv. No. I-87
Fragment of a female figurine of which pnly part of the neck
and the torso have been preserved down to the breasts.
The massive neck shapes a column. It continues in slightly
modelled shoulders. In the breast area a moulded round
medallion is suspended on a necklace rendered by carved line.
The colour is ochre.
2
8.12.2007 14:21:00
67. - ,
, . ,
, -
. 5 , . . 1206
67. FIGURINE - TORSO, terracotta

Bakarno Gumno, v. epigovo, Prilep region
H. 5 cm, inv. No. 1206
.
.
, .
.
- ; . ., . .
, 1976 (),
. . 388
Figurine of oval body with special hole for inserting head.

Arms and lower body are missing. It has burnished surface and
modeled breasts. The colour is dark gray.
Prehistory in Macedonia, Skopje 1976, (catalogue), cat. No.388
3
8.12.2007 14:21:02
68. - ,
,
, -
. 2.6 , . . 544
,
, .
, .
-.
- ; . . .
68. FIGURINE - TORSO, terracotta

H. 2.6 cm, inv. No. 544
Fragment of a figurine where only the torso and
part of the arms have been preserved.
Two vertical lines are carved between the slightly marked
breasts. The colour is reddish-brown.
4
8.12.2007 14:21:03
69. ,
, . ,
, -
. 7.3 , . .
69. BELL-LIKE FIGURINE, terracotta

H. 7.3cm, inv. No. N/A
.
Hollow figurine of which the broken-off lower body is missing.
, ,
It has portrayed nose, eyes depicted with slanting notches,
. .
modeled arms and breasts. The figurine is decorated with
. .
incised lozenges at the front. The colour is brown.
- ; . ., . .

8.12.2007 14:21:05
70. ,
, . ,
, -
. 7.8 , . . 1025
,
. ,
.
, , ,
, - .
.
- ; . . .
., ., ,
1989, 9-24
70. FIGURINE OF A WOMAN, terracotta

H. 7.8 cm, inv. No. 1025
Middle part of female figurine showing streatopygia.
The upper body is broken-off and the legs are missing.
The pubic area is marked with an incised triangle. The belly is
emphasized possibly showing pregnancy. Two concave spots
mark the lumbar-sacral area. The colour is light brown.
Sanev V., Stamenova D., Collection of Works,
Strumica 1989, 9-24

8.12.2007 14:21:06
71. ,
, . ,
, -
. 6.5 , . . 134/II
. ,
, .
, V, ,
,
. .
,
. .
- ; . . .
71. TORSO OF FEMALE FIGURINE, terracotta

H. 6.5 cm, inv. No. 134/II
Upper part of female figurine. Broken-off head is missing and
hands raised in posture of adoration
have not been fully preserved. Below the neck, a V-shaped
double line is incised and the same
inverted pattern is carved at the back near the waist.
There are traces of the partly broken-off belly.
The surface is burnished, showing remaining of red colouring.
The torso is light brown.

8.12.2007 14:21:08
72. ,
, . ,
, -
. 8.3 , . .
. ,
.
.
.
, ,
. .
- ; . ., . .
, 17, 2001, 60, . III, 1
72. FIGURINE WITH ENGRAVED DECORATION, terracotta

Kutline, v. Rakle, Prilep region
Late Neneolithic, Angelci-Zelenikovo culture
Upper part of a figurine of flat body, head is missing.
The figurine has modeled arms and breasts, showing slightly
indicated pregnancy. Clothing is depicted with engraved lines
and attached round ornaments on the front and on the back.
At the bottom a hole can be seen for inserting a stick in the
process of modeling. The colour is brown.
Macedonian Heritage No.17, Skopje 2001.60, T.III, 1

8.12.2007 14:21:10
73. ,
, . a,
, -
. 5.2 , . . I-2

H. 5.2 cm, inv. No. I-2

.
.

. -.
- ; . .
Fragment of a female figurine showing flat torso with no

marks for arms. One horizontal line is incised on the belly.
Breasts are adorned with a modeled round medallion
suspended on three incised lines.
The colour is brownish-gray.

8.12.2007 14:21:11
74. ,
, . ,
, -
. 10 , . . 845

H. 10 cm, inv. No. 845
Female figurine of flat body with deep opening for inserting a

head. Legs are shattered, the breasts and belly finely
. ,
modeled. The pubic triangle is rendered with
.
double incised line.
. .
- ; . .
., ., ,
Simoska D., Sanev V., Prehistory in Central Pelagonia,
1976, 47, . 223
Bitola 1976, 47, fig. 223
0
8.12.2007 14:21:13
75. ,
, . ,
, -
. 7.4 , . . 2210
.
.
. -.
- ; . .

VIsok Rid, v. Bukri, Bitola region
H. 7.4 cm, inv. No. 2210
Lower part of damaged female figurine. It has modeled belly,
emphasized thighs and incised pubic triangle below the belly.
Its colour is grayish-brown.
1
8.12.2007 14:21:14
76. ,
, . ,
, -
. 9.5 , . . 1021

. .
.
- ; . . .
., ., ,
1989, 9-24
76. FRAGMENT OF ANTHROPOMORPHIC FIGURINE, terracotta

H. 9.5 cm, inv. No. 1021
Part of the upper body and lower
part of a figurine with emphasized thighs.
Two concave spots mark the lumbar-sacral area.
Sanev V., Stamenova D., Collection of Works,
Strumica 1989, 9-24
2
8.12.2007 14:21:16
77. ,
, . ,
, -
. 12 , . . 2211
.
.
. .
-.
- : . .

Visok Rid, v. Bukri, Bitola region
H. 12 cm, inv. No. 2211
Lower part of a damaged female figurine. The modeled belly
and hips are emphasized. The pubic triangle is rendered with
cannelures. The colour is geayish-brown.
3
8.12.2007 14:21:18
78. ,
, . ,
, -
. 15 , . . 5131
,
,
.
,
. ,
, .
, .
- ; . .
78. SEATED GFEMALE FIGURINE, terracotta

H. 15 cm, inv. No. 5131
Roughly modeled figurine of a seated woman. Her head, now
missing, must have been set on a stick and attached to the
body. There are peculiar imprints of textile on the surface,
which show that the figurine must have been molded with
a piece of fabric. Breasts are slightly indicated. The arms are
short and spread wide, whereas the legs are roundish at the
bottom. The coarse surface of the figurine is brown.
4
8.12.2007 14:21:19
79. ,
, . ,
, -
. 7.4 , . . 68/II
,
. .
.
- ; . . .
1999, 28
79. FRAGMENT OF FEMALE FIGURINE, terracotta

Pilavo, v. Burlievo, Koani region
Fragment of a female figurine preserved from the waist down
to the knees. It has emphasized back and indicated pubic area.
The colour is light brown with traces of burning.
Skopje 1999, 28

8.12.2007 14:21:21
80. ,
, . ,

. 6.1 , . . 1125

.
. .
- ; . ., . .

Late Eneolithic
H. 6.1 cm, exc. No. 1125
Upper part of the body and lower
part of the legs of the figurine are missing.
It has incised pubic triangle. The colour is light brown.

8.12.2007 14:21:23
81. ,
, . ,
, -
. 20.7 , . . 39
.
.
, .
.
- ; . ., . .
81. ANTHROPOMORPHIC VESSEL, terracotta

Late Eneolithic, uplevec-Bakarno Gumno culture
H. 20.7 cm, exc. No. 39
Vessel of burnished surface. It has a high cylindrical neck with
a spout on the top, modeled breasts and rudimentary arms.

8.12.2007 14:21:24
82. ,
, . ,

. 11 , . . 595

Late Eneolithic
H. 11 cm, exc. No. 595
. , Figurine with the head missing. It has modeled breasts, folded

.
arms resting on the hips and engraved pubic triangle.
.
Joined legs end with roundish cone.
.
The colour is reddish.
.
- ; . ., . .

8.12.2007 14:21:26
83. ,
M, . ,
, -
. 4.1 , . . I-11
.
.
.

.
. .
- ; . .

H. 4.1 cm, inv. No. I-11
Fragment of a seated female figurine showing steatopygia.
Only the right thigh and the top part of the leg have been
preserved. The legs are decorated with incised horizontal and
vertical lines featuring cobwebs and
with incised circles at the bottom.
The colour is dark brown.

8.12.2007 14:21:28
84. ,
, . ,
, -
. 6 , . . 956
.
.
. .
- ; . .

H. 6 cm, inv. No. 956
Figurine of a seated woman. The broken-off upper part is
missing. It has emphasized sculpted belly and incised pubic
triangle. Knees are marked with protrusions.
100
8.12.2007 14:21:29
85. ,
, . ,

. 3.6 , . .

.
.
- ; . ., . .
85. UPPER PART OF A VESSEL, terracotta

Golemi Kamen, v. Lopatica, Prilep region
Late Eneolithic
Fragment of a vessel bearing engraved depiction
of female figure laid horizontally under the rim.
The colour is dark gray.
101
8.12.2007 14:21:31
86. ,
, . ,
, -
. 3.5 , . . I/2-97
. ,
. .
, .
.
- ; . .

egligovski Kamen, v. Mlado Nagoriane, Kumanovo region
H. 3.5 cm, inv. No. I/2-97
Torso of a female figurine. The head, the arms and the legs
are missing. It shows slightly modeled hips and finely sculpted
back-side. The top layer of the clay has been peeled-off.
The colour of the figurine is dark gray.
National Museum - Kumanovo; L. T.
102
8.12.2007 14:21:32
87. ,
, . ,
, -
. 7 , . . 135/II
87. KNEES OF FEMALE FIGURINE, terracotta

H. 7 cm, inv. No. 135/II
,
Only the knees and the lower part of the legs with slightly
.
modeled feet have been preserved of a seated female figurine.
.
Joined legs are marked with a deep carved line in-between.
Traces of horizontal lines and traces of reddish colouring have
, .
been preserved as applied above the knees,
a (). .
i.e. on the preserved part of the thighs.
- ; . . .
The decoration resembles a piece of garment (skirt).
103
8.12.2007 14:21:34
88. ,
, . ,
, -
. 8.2 , . . 1205
.
, .
. -.
- ; . ., . .
., , ., .,
Urgeschichte Makedoniens, 1976, () . . 387
88. HALF-SEATED FIGURINE, terracotta

Bakarno Gumno, v. epigovo, Prilep region
H. 8.2 cm, inv. No. 1205
Figurine where the upper part of the body is missing. It has
incised pubic triangle. The legs are marked with deeply incised
line and end with modeled feet.
The colour is grayish brown.
Urgeschichte Makedoniens,
Skopje 1976 (catalogue), cat. No. 387
104
8.12.2007 14:21:36
89. ,
, . ,
, -
. 11 , . . 133/II
.
.
. ,
. .
.
- ; . . .
89. FIGURINE OF STANDING WOMAN, terracotta

H. 11 cm, inv. No. 133/II
Figurine of a standing woman with joined legs, without feet.
The upper part is broken at the thin waist is missing.
The figurine showing steatopygia is decorated with incised
horizontal, slanting and angular lines.
The decoration resembles a tattoo.
10
8.12.2007 14:21:37
90. ,
, . ,
, -
. 10.2 , . . 1/II

Figurine of a woman standing with joined legs, without feet.

. ,
The upper broken-off part below the waist is missing. It is
. . decorated with incised horizontal, angular lines and circles, the
, ,
bottom is showing carved double-egg pattern.
.. .
. . -.
The colour of the figurine is dark gray.
- ; . . .
., ., Atanasova I., Angelov V., Guide to the cultural values of Koani i
Koani region, Koani 2004, 7; Kolitkoska Nasteva I.,
, 2004, 7;
Guide to the Archaeological Exhibition, Museum of
., ,
Macedonia, Skopje 1992, 26; Kolitkoska Nasteva I.,
, 1992, 26; .,
Archeological Map of the Republic of Macedonia, MANU,
, ,
Skopje 1994, 50; Kolitkoska Nasteva I.,
1994, 50; Nasteva I., Arheoloki pregled 28, Ljubljana 1989, 49;
Archaeological Review 28, Ljubljana 1989, 49; Kolitkoska
., Macedoniae acta archaeologica 15, Nasteva I., Macedoniae Acta Archaeologica 15, Skopje 1999, 27
1999, 27
10
8.12.2007 14:21:39
91. ,
, . ,
, -
. 9.5 , . . 132/II
91. SEATED FEMALE FIGURINE, terracotta

H. 9.5 cm, inv. No. 132/II
.
Figurine of a seated woman, showing steatopygia.
. ,
The upper part, broken at the waist, is missing.
,
It is decorate with carved horizontal lines, angular patterns.
.
Slanting leaf-shaped patterns are carved below the pubic area.
. .
.
The legs modeled without feet are set slightly apart.
.
- ; . . .
10
8.12.2007 14:21:41
92. ,
, . ,
, -
. 3.9 , . . 69/II
.
. .

. .
-.
- ; . . .
1999, 27
92. LOWER PART OF FEMALE FIGURINE, terracotta

Lower part of female figurine, the upper part is missing.
It is decorated with incised horizontal and slanting lines, showing double spiral on the hips and a double-egg pattern on
the bottom. The figurine has emphasized femminine shape.
The colour is brownish-gray. The colour is dark gray.
Skopje 1999, 27
10
8.12.2007 14:21:42
93. ,
,
, -
. 9.1 , . . 1080
93. FRAGMENT OF ANTHROPOMORPHIC FIGURINE, terracotta

H. 9.1 cm, inv. No. 1080
,
Lower part of a figurine preserved up to the waist. The waist
. .
is thin and flat. The figurine is decorated with carved parallel
, angular lines at the waist and a double-egg pattern at the rear.
, ,
The legs are adorned with slanting lines.
. , .
The figurine is light brown, burnt at some spots.
- ; . . .
Institute and Museum - Strimica; M. S. A.
., ., ,
Sanev V., Stamenova M., Collection of Works,
1989, 9-24
Strumica 1989, 9-24
10
8.12.2007 14:21:44
94. ,
, . ,
, -
. 14 , . . 1885

Krueanska uka, v. Vrbjani, Prilep region
H. 14 cm, inv. No. 1885
.
Figurine of flat body with special hole for inserting head.
.
The arms and the left breast are broken-off.
, ,
The pubic area is indicated with a notch. The legs are marked
. .
with incised line and end with modeled feet. The entire

surface is adorned with engraved slanting and horizontal lines
. .
depicting the clothing or body painting. The colour is gray.
- ; . ., . .
Macedoniae acta archaeological 15, 1999, . 10
Macedoniae Acta Acta Archaeologica 15,
Skopje 1999, fig. 10
110
8.12.2007 14:21:45
95. ,
, . ,
, -
. 9.5 , . . 843

. .
.
- : . .

H. 9.5 cm, inv. No. 843
Damaged female figurine with carved ornaments.
The belly and the knees are slightly accented.
Its colour is dark gray.
111
8.12.2007 14:21:47
-,

, -
112
8.12.2007 14:21:50
,
113
8.12.2007 14:21:52
CIP -
. ,
903:730.031.12/.13(497.7)(083.824)
730.031.12/.13(497.7)(083.824)
,
: [] [
;
-
, ... [ .] ; ;
] = Prehistoric Macedonian Ladies : [catalogue]
/ [author of the catalogue and organiser of the exhibition
Irena Kolistrkoska Nasteva ; expert collaborators and authors of the catalogue
items Irena Kolistrkoska Nasteva, ... [ .] ;
translation into English Nada Andonovska ; photos Miroslav Dimovski]. - Skopje
: = Skopje : Museum of Macedonia, 2005. - 114 . :
. ; 2121
.
ISBN 9989-917-32-9
I. Kolistrkoska Nasteva, a,
) - , -
-
114
8.12.2007 14:21:52

Prehistoric Ladies From Macedonia

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Prehistoric Ladies From Macedonia

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Katalog Skopje 2007.

for the publisher

author of the catalogue and organizer of the exhibition

Irena Kolitrkoska Nasteva

authors of the catalogue items - expert collaborators

Irena Kolitrkoska Nasteva, I. K. N.

Museum of Macedonia, Skopje

Institute and Museum - Bitola, Bitola

Museum of Macedonia, Skopje

Museum of Macedonia, Skopje

Institute and Museum - Prilep, Prilep

Institute and Museum - Prilep, Prilep

Margarita Stamenova - Atanasova, M. S. A.

Institute and Museum - Strumica, Strumica

National Museum - Veles, Veles

Museum of the City of Skopje, Skopje

National Museum - Kumanovo, Kumanovo

Institute and Museum - tip, tip

translation into English

Museum of Macedonia, Skopje

design and layout

Museum of Macedonia, Skopje

conservation and preparation

Stanka Petkovska, Museum of Macedonia, Skopje

Realization of the project Prehistoric Macedonian Ladies

Katalog Skopje 2007.indd 2

Katalog Skopje 2007.indd 3

Katalog Skopje 2007.indd 4

Katalog Skopje 2007.indd 5

Katalog Skopje 2007.indd 6

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women, apart from the ones stated above.

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1. FEMALE FIGURINE, marble

Stylized female figurine sculpted in marble. The broken-off

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2. FEMALE FIGURINE, terracotta

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Stylized figurine of a seated woman,

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9. FEMALE FIGURINE WITH BIRD-EYES, terracotta

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10. FEMALE FIGURINE, terracotta

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11. FIGURINE, terracotta

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12. FIGURINE, terracotta

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13. STANDING FIGURINE, terracotta

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