LP BI DNG VN HA NGY MI 18A/88 INH VN T - TP.

HI DNG
TP CH HA HC & TUI TR HOAHOC.ORG
Ng Xun Qunh - 0979.817.885 Ym: netthubuon : admin@hoahoc.org Fb: facebook.com/hoahoc.org
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TP CH HA HC WWW.HOAHOC.ORG
CHUYN MC HI P

Nhm gip cc em hc sinh, ti s lp nn chuyn mc gii p cc thc mc
ca cc bn c gi ti website v cc vn lin quan v mng ha ph thng (THCS v THPT). Sau y l ba cu
hi m chng ti nhn c:
Cu 1: Cho hn hp 2 ankan X , Y l ng phn ca nhau, bit rng crackinh hon ton X ch thu c sn phm gm
2 hidrocacbon. Y tc dng vi Cl
2
, iu kin nh sng khuch tn, thu c 3 sn phm monoclo. Mt khc, t khi hi
ca Y so vi metan l 4,5. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X, Y?
Hng dn:
Theo bi ra, t d kin "t khi hi ca Y so vi metan l 4,5"
=> M
Y
= 16.4,5 = 72 = 14n + 2 (Vi ankan l C
n
H
2n+2
) => n = 5.
Vi ankan C
5
H
12
ta c th c cc ng phn sau:
C C C C C C C C
C
C
C C
C
C
C

Theo bi ra, Y khi tham gia phn ng th mono vi clo c 3 sn phm th ta cn c vo kh nng th ca cc dng
ankan ni trn:
C C C C C C C C
C
C
C C
C
C
C

Vy qua Y chc chn s l hp cht c dng mch thng.
C C C C C

Cn X khi tin hnh cracking ch thu c c 2 hidrocacbon => X phi l:
C C
C
C
C

C C
C
C
C
CH
4
C
C
C
C
Cracking
+

Cu 2: a- X gm O
2
v O
3
c 10
X
He
d = . Tnh th tch ca X t hon ton 25 lt Y l hn hp 2 ankan k tip c
Y
He
d = 11,875 v thnh phn % th tch 2 ankan.
Hng dn:
t hn hp 2 ankan k tip l :
2 2 n n
C H
+
=>
3 8
4 10
14 2 11,875.4 3, 25
C H
n n
C H

+ = =

Trong hn hp X ta c 40
X
M = , theo phng php ng cho:
a mol O
2
(32) 8
40
b mol O
3
(48) 8
Vi a l s mol ca O
2
=> s mol ca O
3
cng l a mol
DY TT V HC TT
MN HA HC
LP BI DNG VN HA NGY MI 18A/88 INH VN T - TP.HI DNG
TP CH HA HC & TUI TR HOAHOC.ORG
Ng Xun Qunh - 0979.817.885 Ym: netthubuon : admin@hoahoc.org Fb: facebook.com/hoahoc.org
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S mol ca oxi nguyn t c trong X l: 5a mol O
3,25 8,5 2 2 2
3,25.25 25.4,25 25
3, 25 4, 25 C H O CO H O + +


Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t oxi ta c: 5a = 25.3,25.2 + 25.4,25 => a = 53,75 => V
X
= 2a = 107,5

0
0
3 8 2 2
10
3 8
4 10
4 10 2 2
13
10 3 4
: 75% 25 18, 75
10 13 5.53, 75 6, 25 : 25%
13 4 5
t
x
x
t
y
y
C H O CO H O
C H x y x
x y y C H
C H O CO H O
+ +
+ = =


+ = =
+ +


b- t chy hon ton 0,04 mol hp cht hu c X cn va 24,64 lt khng kh. Hp th hon ton sn
phm chy qua bnh ng nc vi trong thu c 8 g kt ta v bnh ng tng thm 10,64 g so vi dung dch
Ca(OH)
2
ban u, thot ra 20,608 lt 1 kh. Thm tip dung dch NaOH d vo bnh sau phn ng thy to thm 4 g kt
ta. xc nh CTPT ca hp cht hu c X?
A. C
3
H
9
O
2
N B. C
4
H
10
O
2
N
2
C. C
4
H
10
O
2
N D. C
3
H
10
O
2
N.
Hng dn:
Theo bi ra, ta c:
24, 64
1,1
22, 4

kk
n mol = = - cha:
2
2
0, 22
0, 88


O mol
N mol

Theo bi ra, khi cho CO
2
tc dng vi Ca(OH)
2
s to ra hai mui: CaCO
3
v Ca(HCO
3
)
2

CO
2
Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
NaOH
CaCO
3
8 gam
4 gam

Theo s phn ng: ta d dng xc nh c
2
8 4
2. 0,16
100 100

CO
n mol = + =
Vy => s nguyn t cacbon l: 4 => loi cc p n A v D
Mt khc, theo bi ra:
2 2 2
10, 64 0, 2
CO H O H O
m m n mol + = = (=> s nguyn t H l 10)
0
2 2
4 10 2 2
2 2
0,04
0,92
0, 22 0, 04
0, 88 0, 88

- h/c
- kk
t
x t
mol
mol
O mol N mol
C H O N CO H O
N mol N mol

+ + +

Trong hp cht s cha 2 nguyn t nito.

c- Gi tn cht sau: (CH
3
)
2
CHC(C
2
H
5
)
2
CH
2
CH
3

Hng dn:
C C
C
C
C
C C
C
C C 3,3 - dietyl-2-metyl pentan

d- Cho C
3
H
8
tc dng vi Clo, iu kin askt thu c bao nhiu sn phm ng phn mono v iclo.Vit v
gi tn sn phm?
Hng dn:
C C C
Cl
C C C
Cl
C C C
Cl
Cl
C C C
Cl Cl
C C C
Cl Cl
C C C
Cl
Cl
1-clo propan
2-clo propan
1,1-diclo propan
1,2-clo propan
1,3-diclo propan
2,2-diclo propan

LP BI DNG VN HA NGY MI 18A/88 INH VN T - TP.HI DNG
TP CH HA HC & TUI TR HOAHOC.ORG
Ng Xun Qunh - 0979.817.885 Ym: netthubuon : admin@hoahoc.org Fb: facebook.com/hoahoc.org
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e- C bao nhiu Ankan l cht kh iu kin thng khi phn ng vi Clo (c as, t l 1:1 ) to ra 2 dn xut
mono clo?
Hng dn:
Cc ankan th kh l cc ankan c s nguyn t C s 4
C C C
C C C C C C C
C C
C
C
(1)
(2)
(3)

Cu 3: t chy hon ton hn hp A gm CH
4
, C
2
H
2
, C
3
H
4
, C
4
H
6
thu c x mol CO
2
v 18x gam H
2
O. Tnh % th
tch ca CH
4
trong A?
Hng dn:
X gm CH
4
v 3 ankin (cng thc chung l C
n
H
2n-2
).
CH
4
+ 2O
2
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
(mol) a a 2a
C
n
H
2n-2
+ (3n-1)/2O
2
nCO
2
+ (n -1)H
2
O
(mol) b nb (n -1)b
S mol CO
2
= s mol H
2
O
Thay s: a + nb = 2a + (n 1)b a = b 50%CH
4
.
Bi ny c th thay metan bng mt ankan khc, cch gii cng tng t.

*** t chy hon ton hn hp X gm C
2
H
2
, C
3
H
4
, C
4
H
6
v mt ankan Y, thu c x mol CO
2
v 18x gam H
2
O.
Phn trm th tch ca Y trong hn hp X l
Gii: X gm ankan (C
m
H
2m+2
) v 3 ankin (cng thc chung l C
n
H
2n-2
).
C
m
H
2m+2
+ (3m+1)/2 O
2
mCO
2
+ (m + 1)H
2
O
(mol) a am (m + 1)a
C
n
H
2n-2
+ (3n-1)/2 O
2
nCO
2
+ (n -1)H
2
O
(mol) b nb (n -1)b
S mol CO
2
= s mol H
2
O
Thay s: am + nb = am + a + bn b a = b 50% ankan Y.