3GPP TSG-RAN1#48 12th-16th February, 2007 St. Lou !

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R1-070674

Agenda item: Source: Title: Document for:

6 %ra&'e, (h &a "ob )e, *PN, NTT +o(o"o, S,r &t, T-"ob )e, -o.a/o&e, Te)e0o1 #ta) a LT2 ,hy! 0a) )ayer /ra1e3or4 /or ,er/or1a&0e 5er / 0at o& +e0 ! o&

#&tro.u0t o&
At TSG RAN plenary #33, the LTE study item was closed on the basis of the ains shown from the LTE system performance when compared with !S"A performance# $n order to ensure that the final LTE system would still be able to reali%e these performance ains, a number of operators re&uested for a performance 'erification to be performed in the wor( item phase before completion of the sta e 3 wor( )to be presented to the TSG RAN plenary #3* in +une ,--./# This performance 'erification is necessary to understand if the LTE system desi n is on trac( to meet the LTE system performance demonstrated at the end of the LTE study item, and to understand whether any additional wor( needs to be done to impro'e the system performance further to meet the performance tar ets# The aim of this document is to propose the scenarios, performance metrics and simulation assumptions for the 'erification process so that it is both rele'ant and that simulations can be ali ned as much as possible# 0ompanies are re&uested to pro'ide feedbac( on whether any more detailed information is needed to allow for simulation ali nment between companies# 0ompanies with simulation capability are encoura ed to contribute to the performance 'erification process usin the detailed information outlined below#

Per/or1a&0e e5a)uat o& 0a!e! a&. 1etr 0!

$n the followin , we summari%e performance e'aluation cases and the correspondin metrics which are seen as rele'ant from an operator point of 'iew# 1ost of the presented metrics are directly related to re&uirements in 2,3# Some other cases and metrics are seen as rele'ant in order to assess the o'erall LTE performance with respect to operator re&uirements 24-3# $n order to simplify comparison of results from different companies, a template for how to report the results is pro'ided in Appendi5 0# 6ocus of all e'aluation cases is 677# Results for T77 can be presented in addition# 1) System analysis The system analysis does not necessarily in'ol'e simulations and aims at assessin the capability related re&uirements in 2,3# The followin metrics shall be pro'ided8 4a/ "ea( rates

Typical o'erhead )control channels, pilots, uard inter'al, 9/ shall be estimated for the operatin point used for calculations and be split into indi'idual items# 4b/ 0onnection setup latency )0:plane/ 4c/ ;:plane transmission latency The calculation should include typical !AR< retransmission rates )e# # -= : 3-=/# 4d/ !> latencies )intra:fre&uency, inter:fre&uency and inter RAT/ Support will be as(ed from RAN, on the latency calculations in 24?3 where the detailed assumptions are i'en#

2) Full queue system evaluation The ob@ecti'e of full &ueue system e'aluation is to assess the LTE performance compared to Rel* accordin to the re&uirements in 2,3 especially in terms of throu hput and spectrum efficiency# All metrics shall be pro'ided as absolute fi ures and relati'e ains compared to Rel*# Rel* performance shall be pro'ided for comparison# The system e'aluation shall be based on multi:cell system simulations fully capturin interference en'ironment# Therefore, a realistic load shall be assumed in all cells# the

4- users )and optionally ,- users for enhancement techni&ues/ per cell on a'era e and a homo eneous user distribution shall therefore be assumed as a reference case# 1ulti:cell interference shall be e5plicitly modeled )includin fast fadin 1$1> channel/ for a sufficient number of nei hbor cells assumin same antenna confi uration# Typical o'erhead )control channels of both lin(s, pilots,9 / shall be estimated for the operatin point used in the simulations and be split into indi'idual items# Reference cases 4 to ? defined in 233 shall be e'aluated# 0ase 4 and 3 are seen as a minimum# 6or LTE, the Spatial 0hannel 1odel 2433 S01:0 );rban 1acro, hi h spread 233/ shall be employed# This should enable a fair comparison to Rel *, where the Typical ;rban channel model )with perfect antenna de:correlation, 233 Table A#,#4#.:4/ is used# The followin ma5imum output powers can be assumed8 ,? dAm for the ;E, ?*dAm )4-1h%/ and ?3 dAm )B 1h%, 4#,B 1!%/ for the eNodeA#

The followin metrics shall be pro'ided8 ,a/ A'era e cell throu hput 2bitsCsCcell3 and spectrum efficiency 2bitsCsC!%Ccell3# ,b/ A'era e user throu hput 2bitsCsCuser3 and spectrum efficiency 2bitsCsC!%Cuser3# ,c/ B=:tile user throu hput )i#e# cell ed e user throu hput/ 2bitsCsCuser3 and spectrum efficiency 2bitsCsC!%Cuser3#

The followin additional information shall be pro'ided in order to enable comparison of absolute 'alues amon different results of different companies and understand potential differences8 ,d/ ;ser throu hput 076 normali%ed by the a'era e user throu hput for fairness chec( shall be pro'ided at least for the 4- user case# ,e/ 6or 7L8 076 of usersD eometries# ,f/ 6or ;L8 076 of userDs interference o'er thermal noise# This 076 depends on the power control scheme and thus also characteri%es the power control al orithm used#

Note that a calibration case is also pro'ided for uplin( and downlin(#

3) System evaluation with realistic traffic models $n addition to the full &ueue case, simulations with realistic traffic models shall be pro'ided in order to assess the LTE performance under typical traffic and load conditions# An emphasis is put on Eo$", where initial results were already pro'ided in 233# !owe'er, also the mi5ed traffic case is seen as rele'ant 233, 24-3#

VoIP capacity evaluation System e'aluation is based on multi:cell system simulations as outlined in case ,/ employin the Eo$" traffic model )see Appendi5 A/# Typical o'erhead )control channels of both lin(s, pilots,9 / shall be estimated for the operatin point used in the simulations and be split into indi'idual items# The system bandwidth for Eo$" simulations is reduced to B 1!% for all cases and the baseline o'erhead assumed in the simulations shall be scaled accordin ly# The Typical ;rban channel model shall be used for this case# 27ifferent schedulin policy and !AR< operation may be assumed dependin decision, to be clarified at RAN4#?F3 on RAN,

The baseline assumption is that bundlin is not used for Eo$" pac(ets# !owe'er, bundlin can be considered as an enhancement techni&ue# The followin metric shall be pro'ided8 3a/ Eo$" capacity in form of the ma5imum number of satisfied users supported per cell )see satisfied user criterion in Appendi5 A/ in downlin( and uplin(#

Other traffic models and traffic mi System e'aluations with other traffic models )such as !TT", 6T", amin , 'ideo conferencin , and streamin models outlined in 233 and 24-3/ and a re ate ser'ice mi5 pro'ided in Appendi5 A should be considered for future e'aluation, howe'er this is N>T re&uired to be done as part of the current performance 'erification proposal within 3G""#

!) "#SF$ transmission evaluation System e'aluations based on multi:cell simulations for S6N )Sin le 6re&uency Networ(/ transmission of an 1A1S ser'ice on a dedicated carrier# The deployment scenarios considered fro these e'aluations are deri'ed from the unicast cases defined in 233# Especially case 4 and case ? )with 4- 1!% system bandwidth/ shall be e'aluated# The same transmit powers and antenna hei hts as for unicast shall be assumed for the baseline simulations# E'aluations with modified parameters especially concernin the antenna hei hts and propa ation models shall be considered as specific cases# A deployment similar to unicast )!e5a onal rid, 4G cell sites, 3 sectors per site 233/ shall be e'aluated with all sites participatin to the 1AS6N# The nominal co'era e area for e'aluation corresponds to the 3 sectors of the center site and the first tier of surroundin sectors# Aoth numerolo ies )4B (!% and .#B (!% sub:carrier spacin / may be used where appropriate# The followin metrics shall be pro'ided8 ?a/ System throu hput 2bitsCs3 and spectrum efficiency 2bitsCsC!%3 assumin a co'era e of GB= of the 1AS6N area )i#e# B= of locations in nominal 1AS6N co'era e area e5perience "ER of 4= or reater /# ?b/ 1a5imum $S7 assumin criterion# a system throu hput of 4 bitCsC!% accordin to the abo'e

+o3&) &4 0o&/ 'urat o&

The downlin( system confi uration described below contains a baseline confi uration that shall be e'aluated by all companies as a reference case# Se'eral specific techni&ues of particular interest are listed which shall be e'aluated to clarify their additional ain compared to the baseline# The downlin( confi urations are separately listed for unicast and 1AS6N# %& 'nicast transmission 1) Specific techniques to (e evaluated $nterference coordination o Reuse other than 4 o Semi:static interference co:ordination $nter:cell interference cancellation o $nterference 0ancellation

1$1> o Ad'anced antenna confi urations8 ? 5 ,, ? 5 ? o Aeamformin )ad'anced antenna confi uration and spacin , to be described/

Synchronised networ( for unicast can be assumed and e5ploited as a specific case#

2) #aseline downlin) confi*uration Node A scheduler o Schedulin in time, fre&uency and space can be assumed# ;sed 0<$ information and o'erhead should be described# o 6or calibration purposes8 RR in time with full bandwidth allocation and 45, antenna confi uration#

Lin( adaptation o 10S table and resolution Bbits H 3, 'alues, I4 dA resolution from J4- to ,, dA# o 7etails on lin(:to:system interface includin AKGN lin(:le'el cur'es shall be presented )assumin EES1 or 1$ES1 based S$NR mappin 2443/#

!AR< o Asynchronous adapti'e with $R o B or * !AR< processes#

1$1> o Antenna confi uration8 45, for calibration only ,5, is baseline confi uration in all other cases 4- lambda antenna spacin at eNodeA and -#B lambda at ;E# o S;:1$1> and 1;:1$1> are considered as separate cases# o S;:1$1> 1a5imum ran( , )adapti'e/ "re:codin can be assumed feedbac( has to be described# L11SE is baseline )S$0 can be used in addition/ o 1;:1$1> Ran( one per ;E, ma5imum , ;Es 7ifferent pre:codin can be used than in S;:1$1> L11SE is baseline

$nterference coordination o Aasic scheme8 Static 6ractional 6re&uency Reuse o Reuse 4 is baseline#

"ower control o No power control for data channels for best effort simulations# o "ower control can be assumed for control channels in all simulations and for data channels in Eo$" simulations

$nter:cell interference cancellation o $nterference Re@ection 0ombinin at ;E 24,3#

Aaseline confi uration assumes asynchronous networ( )i#e# properties of synchronous networ( cannot be e5ploited/

All other basic transmission parameters )e# # TT$ len th, 1odulation, Resource bloc( si%e, reference si nal structure, channel codin / shall follow the specifications in 2B3# The followin items shall also be considered in the system e'aluation 0ontrol channels can be assumed error free for R* reference case and the LTE baseline# !owe'er, modelin and analysis of control channel errors )A0LCNA0L, 0<$ with a typical standard de'iation of 4dA, and L4CL, si nalin / is seen as hi hly desirable and should be done where'er possible# 0<$ report inter'al and ranularity8 o Time inter'al8 e'ery B ms, with , ms delay# o 0<$ bin bandwidth8 not less than , RAs# 0hannel estimation J should be modelled or at least calculations showin the impact should be presented# Aaseline control channel o'erhead in downlin( spans the three first >671 symbols of each sub:frame# "ilot positions in remainin >671 symbols are to be considered in addition# A recei'er noise floor shall be assumed, i#e# a ma5# 0C$ limit of ,, dA#

#& #aseline downlin) confi*uration for "#SF$ +ransmission Synchronised networ( 1$1> o Reference antenna confi uration8 45, o Specific techni&ues assumin a ,5, confi uration can be considered in addition o 0hannel estimation )pilot density/ J shall be modeled or at least calculations showin the impact should be presented

All other basic transmission parameters )e# # TT$ len th, 1odulation, Resource bloc( si%e, reference si nal structure, channel codin / shall follow the specifications in 2B3#

$,) &4 0o&/ 'urat o&

The uplin( system confi uration described below contains a baseline confi uration that shall be e'aluated by all companies as a reference case# Additionally se'eral specific techni&ues of particular interest are listed which can be e'aluated dependin on companies interest and simulation capabilities# 1) Specific techniques to (e evaluated $nterference coordination o Semi:static interference co:ordination

1$1> o 1; 1$1> to be used for ;L Eo$" o ? recei'e antennas at eNodeA and ? user 1;:1$1> o Antenna selection

S;:1$1> o 1a5imum ran( , )adapti'e/ o "re:codin can be assumed feedbac( has to be described# o L11SE is baseline )S$0 can be used in addition/ o , and ? recei'e antennas at eNode A

0losed Loop transmit di'ersity o , transmit antennas and , )and ?/ recei'e antennas at eNode A

>pen Loop transmit di'ersity o , transmit antennas and , )and ?/ recei'e antennas at eNode A

Synchronised networ( for unicast can be assumed and e5ploited as a specific case#

2) #asic uplin) confi*uration The followin techni&ues shall be included in all system simulations as basic confi uration Node A scheduler o Schedulin in time, fre&uency and space can be assumed# ;sed 0<$ information and o'erhead should be described# o 6or calibration purposes8 Schedulin with e&ual bandwidth sharin , no 1;:1$1>, and no fre&uency hoppin #

Lin( adaptation o 10S table and resolution o Bbits H 3, 'alues, o I4 dA resolution from J4- to 4. dA# o 7etails on lin(:to:system interface includin AKGN lin(:le'el cur'es shall be presented )assumin EES1 or 1$ES1 based S$NR mappin 2443/#

!AR< o Synchronous !AR< with $R o B or * !AR< processes

1$1> and di'ersity o Antenna confi uration8 o 45, in all cases o 4- lambda antenna spacin at eNodeA o Recei'e di'ersity and 1;:1$1> )with ma5imum , users/ shall be considered as separate cases#

$nterference coordination o Aasic scheme8 Static 6ractional 6re&uency Reuse o Reuse 4 is baseline#

"ower control o 0losed loop slow power control )update rate of ,-- !%/ 2a reed power control scheme in RAN4#?F3 o Specify if and what (nowled e from other cells is used#

Aaseline confi uration assumes asynchronous networ( )i#e# properties of synchronous networ( cannot be e5ploited/

All other basic transmission parameters )e# # TT$ len th, 1odulation, Resource bloc( si%e, reference si nal structure, channel codin / shall follow the specifications in 2B3# The followin items should also be considered in the system e'aluation 0ontrol channels can be assumed error free for R* reference case and the LTE baseline# !owe'er, modelin and analysis of control channel errors )A0LCNA0L, and L4CL, si nalin / is seen as hi hly desirable and should be done where'er possible# A "ower control delay of ? ms shall be assumed )related to 0<$ report rate/# 0hannel estimation shall be modelled or at least calculations showin the impact shall be presented

Aaseline out of band control channel o'erhead in uplin( spans F RAs )i#e# G* sub: carrriers with ? RADs on each side of the system bandwidth/# , LA per sub:frame are assumed as pilot o'erhead for demodulation# Soundin pilot shall be modelled and described where'er applicable# A recei'er noise floor shall be assumed, i#e# a ma5# 0C$ limit of 4. dA#

Re/ere&0e!
243 R":-*-F3G ;pdated LTE Kor(plan 2,3 3G"" RAN TR ,B#G438 MRe&uirements for E'ol'ed ;TRA )E:;TRA/ and E'ol'ed ;TRAN )E:;TRAN/, )Release ./N, '.#3#-, 1arch ,--* 233 3G"" RAN KG4 TR ,B#F4?, M"hysical Layer Aspects for E'ol'ed ;TRA, )Release ./N, E.#4#-, September ,--* 2?3 3G"" RAN TS 3*#,-48 OLTE "hysical Layer : General 7escriptionO, as of 6ebruary ,--.# 2B3 3G"" RAN TS 3*#,448 O"hysical 0hannels and 1odulationO, as of 6ebruary ,--.# 2*3 3G"" RAN TS 3*#,4,8 O1ultiple5in and channel codin O, as of 6ebruary ,--.# 2.3 3G"" RAN TS 3*#,438 O"hysical Layer J "roceduresO, as of 6ebruary ,--.# 2F3 3G"" RAN TS3*#,4?8 "hysical layer J 1easurementsO, as of 6ebruary ,--.# 2G3 R4:-*,?,B,O Summary of downlin( enhancement techni&ues o'er reference LTE unicast performance,O Eodafone, >ran e, Ericsson, Te5as $nstruments, Siemens, Alcatel, Sprint, 1otorola, No(ia, T:1obile, $"Kireless, 3, RAN4#?*, Tallinn, Estonia, September ,--*# 24-3 NG1N, DNe5t Generation 1obile Networ(s Aeyond !S"A P EE7> J A white paperD, E3#-, 7ecember ,--*, a'ailable at http8CCwww#n mn:cooperation#comC# 2443 L# Aruenin haus et al#, MLin( "erformance 1odels for System Le'el Simulations of Aroadband radio Access SystemsN, in proceedin s of $EEE "$1R0 ,--B# 24,3 +# !# Kinters, M>ptimum 0ombinin in 7i ital 1obile Radio with 0ochannel $nterferenceN, in $EEE +ournal on Selected Areas in 0ommunications, Eol# SA0:,, No# ?, +uly 4GF?# 2433 3G"" RAN TR,B#GG*8 OSpatial 0hannel 1odel for 1$1> simulationsO, '*#4#-, September ,--3# 24?3 R,:-.5555, OLTE System Analysis of 0:"laneC;:"lane latencyO, Eodafone et al#, RAN,#B.#

A,,e&. 6 A7 -o#P
Satisfied user criterion A Eo$" user is in outa e )not satisfied/ if GF= radio interface tail latency of this user is reater than B- ms# This assumes an end:to:end delay below ,-- ms for mobile:to:mobile communications# The system capacity is defined as the number of users in the cell when more than GB= of the users are satisfied#

Erasure rate for consecuti'e full rate A1R 'oice frames is proposed to be 2less than -#-B= to be defined by SA?3 )to account for bundled 'oice pac(et losses/# Aundlin is considered as an enhancement techni&ue and the outa e criterion used should be detailed for such e'aluations#

"ain parameters of the traffic model The followin table pro'ides the rele'ant parameters of the Eo$" traffic that shall be assumed in the simulations# The details of the correspondin traffic model are described below8 Parameter ,odec -ncoder frame len*th Voice activity factor .V%F) SI/ payload Characterization RT" A1R 4,#,, Source rate 4,#, (bps ,- ms B-= )cH-#-4, dH-#GG/ 1odelled 4B bytes )BAytes Q header/ S$7 pac(et e'ery 4*-ms durin silence 4- bit Q paddin )RT":pre:header/ ?Ayte )RT"C;7"C$"/ , Ayte )RL0Csecurity/ 4* bits )0R0/ ?-bytes )A1R 4,#,/

Protocol Overhead with compressed header

+otal voice payload on air interface

/etailed description of the VoIP traffic model Basic Model 0onsider the simple ,:state 'oice acti'ity model shown in 6i ure 4#4

Fi*ure 1 0 21state voice activity model&

1

Clearly, a 2-state model is extremely simplistic, and many more complex models are available. However, it is amenable to rapid analysis and initial estimation of talk spurt arrival statistics and hence reservation activity.

$n the model, the probability of transitionin from state 4 )the acti'e speech state/ to state - )the inacti'e or silent state/ while in state 4 is e&ual to a , while the probability of transitionin from state - to state 4 while in state - is c # The model is assumed updated at the speech encoder frame rate R = 4C T , where T is the encoder frame duration )typically, ,-ms/# Model Statistics The steady:state e&uilibrium of the model re&uires that
a a+c c P 4 = a+c P- =

where P- and P4 are respecti'ely the probability of bein in state - and state 4# The Eoice Acti'ity 6actor )EA6/ is i'en by
=P 4 =
c a+c

A tal(:spurt is defined as the time period TS between enterin the acti'e state )state 4/ and lea'in the acti'e state# The probability that a tal( spurt has duration n speech frames is i'en by
P PTS )n/ = a)4 a / n 4 n = 4, ,,L TS = n @

0orrespondin ly, the probability that a silence period has duration n speech frames is i'en by
P PSP )n/ = c)4 c/ n 4 n = 4, ,,L SP = n @

The mean tal( spurt duration TS )in speech frames/ is i'en by

TS = E2 TS 3 =
4 a

while the mean silence period duration SP )in speech frames/ is i'en by
SP = E2 SP 3 =
4 c

The distribution of the time period AE )in speech frames/ between successi'e acti'e state entries is the con'olution of the distributions of SP and TS # This is i'en by
P PAE )n/ = AE = n @ c a a )4 a /n 4 + c)4 c/ n 4 n = 4, ,,L ca ac

Note that AE can be used as a crude uide to the time between 1A0 layer resource reser'ations, pro'ided a sin le reser'ation is made per user per tal(:spurt# Note that in practice, 'ery small 'alues of AE mi ht not lead to a separate reser'ation re&uest, but e&uation still offers some potentially useful uidance# Since the state transitions from state 4 to state - and 'ice 'ersa are independent, the mean time AE between acti'e state entries is i'en simply by the sum of the mean time in each state# That is

 AE = TS + SP

Accordin ly, the mean rate of arri'al RAE of transitions into the acti'e state is i'en by
RAE = 4 AE

Example As a simple e5ample, consider the case where the speech encoder frame duration T = ,-ms # 6urther assume a desired EA6 of *-= ) = -#* /, and a desired mean tal( spurt duration of Bs# Accordin ly, from e&uation , 4C a = B C T and so a = -#-? # 6urther, from e&uation , c = a C)4 / = -#--* # 6or these parameters, the resultin theoretical and simulated distributions of the tal( spurt duration ) TS , in seconds/, silence period duration ) SP , in seconds/, and time between acti'e state entry ) AE , in seconds/ appear in 6i ure ,# The mean tal( spurt duration is i'en by TS = 4C a = ,B- frames, or Bs# 0orrespondin ly, the mean silence period duration is SP = 4C c = 4**#*. frames, or 3#33s# The resultin mean time between acti'e state entry is then F#33s, and so the mean rate of arri'al of tal( spurts is RAE = 4C F#33 = -#4, tal( spurts per second#
x 10
-3

6 P[E = Active State] 4 2 0 8 P[E = Silence State] 6 4 2 0 3 2 1 0

Sim. Theory

0 5 -3 x 10

10

15 20 25 30 35 E = Active State Occupancy Duration (s)

40

45

50

Sim. Theory

P[E = Active State Re-Entry]

0 -3 x 10

10 15 20 25 E = Silence State Occupancy Duration

30

35

Sim. Theory

10

15 20 25 30 35 E = Active State Re-Entry Interval

40

45

50

Fi*ure 2 0 State duration and entry distri(utions 0 theory and simulation&

A,,e&. 6 87 other tra// 0 1o.e)! a&. tra// 0 1 6

This appendi5 pro'ides traffic models for further e'aluations and a typical scenario for a traffic mi5 in the followin table8 Application Traffic Category Percentage Users 4- = ,- = ,- = 3- = ,- = of

F+P

Aest effort

2e( #rowsin* 3 4++P $nteracti'e Video Streamin* VoIP 5amin* Streamin Real:time $nteracti'e real:time

The traffic models outlined in 233 and detailed below for con'enience )e# # best effort J 6T", !TT" <oS J Eo$", streamin , 'ideo conferencin , amin / should be considered for future e'aluations )N>T considered as part of this e'aluation proposal/# Satisfied user criteria for different the traffic types can be found in 233 section F#4#4# #est -ffort +raffic6 F+P The followin definition is for the downlin(# 6or the uplin(, the same traffic model shall be used# An 6T" session is a se&uence of file transfers separated by readin times# The two main 6T" session parameters are The si%e S of a file to be transferred The readin time D, i#e# the time inter'al between end of download of pre'ious file and the user re&uest for the ne5t file

"arameter 6ile Si%e S

Statistical 0haracteri%ation Truncated Lo normal 7istribution 1eanH ,1bytes, Standard 7e'iationH-#.,, 1bytes, 1a5imumHB 1bytes )Aefore Truncation/

"768 f x =

4 e , x

( ln x ) , , ,

, x > - , = -#3B, =4?#?B

Readin Time 7

E5ponential 7istribution 1eanH4F- seconds

x "768 f x = e , x - , = -#--*

6T" Traffic "arameters Interactive +raffic6 2e(1(rowsin* usin* 4++P A web:pa e consists of a main ob@ect and embedded ob@ects )e# # pictures, ad'ertisements etc/# After recei'in the main pa e, the web:browser will parse for the embedded ob@ects# The main parameters to characteri%e web:browsin are8 The main si%e of an ob@ect SM The si%e of an embedded ob@ect in a pa e SE The number of embedded ob@ects ND Readin time D "arsin Time for the min pa e TP

"arameter 1ain >b@ect Si%e S1

Statistical 0haracteri%ation Truncated Lo normal 7istribution 1eanH4-.4- Aytes, Standard 7e'iationH,B-3, Aytes, 1inimumH4-- Aytes, 1a5imumH, 1bytes )Aefore Truncation/ "768 f x =
4 , x
( ln x ) ,

, ,

, x > - , =4#3., =F#3.

Embedded >b@ect Si%e SE

Truncated Lo normal 7istribution 1eanH..BF Aytes, Standard 7e'iationH4,*4*F Aytes, 1inimumHB- Aytes, 1a5imumH, 1bytes )Aefore Truncation/ "768 f x =
4 , x
( ln x ) ,

, ,

, x > - , = ,#3*, = *#4.

Number of Embedded >b@ects per "a e HN7

Truncated "areto 7istribution 1eanHB#*?, 1a5imumHB3 )Aefore Truncation/

 k k f = "768 f x = , k x < m , x , x = m , =4#4, k = ,, m = BB m +4

Note8 Subtract ( from the enerated random 'alue to obtain N7 Readin Time 7 E5ponential 7istribution 1eanH3- seconds "768 f x = e x , x - , = -#-33 "arsin Time T" E5ponential 7istribution 1eanH-#43 seconds
x "768 f x = e , x - , = .#*G

Keb:browsin Traffic "arameters Video Streamin* Each frame of 'ideo data arri'es at a re ular inter'al T determined by the number frames per second# Each frame is decomposed into a fi5ed number of slices, each transmitted as a sin le pac(et# The si%e of these pac(etsCslices is modelled to ha'e a truncated "areto distribution# The 'ideo encoder introduces encodin delay inter'als between the pac(ets of a frame# These inter'als are modelled by a truncated "areto distribution# The followin distributions assume a source 'ideo rate of *? (bps8 "arameter Statistical 0haracteri%ation

$nter:Arri'al 7eterministic time between the 4-- ms )based on 4- frames per second/ be innin of each frame Number of pac(ets )slices/ in a frame "ac(et )slice/ si%e 7eterministic, F pac(ets per frame

Truncated "areto 7istribution 1eanH4- Aytes, 1a5imum H,B- Aytes )Aefore Truncation/
k k "768 f x = , k x < m , f x = , x = m , =4#,, k = ,- Bytes, m = RR m +4

$nter:arri'al time between pac(ets )slices/ in a frame

Truncated "areto 7istribution 1eanHmH* ms, 1a5imum H4,#B ms )Aefore Truncation/

k k "768 f x = , k x < m , f x = , x = m , =4#,, k = ,#Bms, m = RR m +4

Eideo Streamin Traffic "arameters

Interactive 7eal1+ime Services6 5amin*

"arameter $nitial pac(et arri'al

Statistical 0haracteri%ation ;niform 7istribution

fx = 4 , a x b , a = -, b = ?-ms b a

"ac(et arri'al "ac(et si%e

7eterministic, ?- ms Lar est E5treme Ealue 7istribution )also (nown as 6isher:Tippett distribution/
4 fx = e b
x a b

x a b

, a = ?B Bytes, b = B#.

Ealues for this distribution can be enerated by the followin procedure8

x = a b ln ( ln y ) , where y is drawn from a uniform distribution in the ran e [-,4]

Aecause pac(et si%e has to be inte er number of bytes, the lar est inte er less than or e&ual to 5 is used as the actual pac(et si%e ;7" header 7eterministic ), Aytes/# This is added to the pac(et si%e accountin for the ;7" header after header compression#

;plin( Gamin Networ( Traffic "arameters To simulate the random timin relationship between client traffic pac(et arri'al and uplin( frame boundary, the startin time of a networ( amin mobile is uniformly distributed within 2-,?ms3# A ma5imum delay of 4*- ms is applied to all uplin( pac(ets, i#e# a pac(et is dropped by the mobile station if any part of the pac(et has not started physical layer transmission, includin !AR< operation, 4*- ms after enterin the mobile station buffer# The pac(et delay of a dropped pac(et is counted as 4F- ms# A mobile networ( amin user is in outa e if the a'era e pac(et delay is reater than *- ms# The a'era e delay is the a'era e of the delays of all pac(ets, includin the delay of pac(ets deli'ered and the delay of pac(ets dropped#

"arameter $nitial pac(et arri'al

Statistical 0haracteri%ation ;niform 7istribution "768 f x =

4 , a x b , a = -, b = ?-ms b a

"ac(et arri'al

Lar est E5treme Ealue 7istribution )also (nown as 6isher:Tippett distribution/ "768 f x =
4 e b
x a b

e e

x a b

, a = BBms, b = *

Ealues for this distribution can be enerated by the followin procedure8

[-,4]
"ac(et si%e

x = a b ln ( ln y ) , where y is drawn from a uniform distribution in the ran e

Lar est E5treme Ealue 7istribution )also (nown as 6isher:Tippett distribution/

a = 4,- Bytes, b = 3*

;7" header

7eterministic ), Aytes/# This is added to the pac(et si%e accountin for the ;7" header after header compression#

7ownlin( Gamin Networ( Traffic "arameters

A,,e&. 6 ( 9 Te1,)ate /or Re,ort &' Re!u)t!

Results should be reported in the format e5emplified in Tables 4:B and 6i ures 4:? below# Khere applicable, one table and fi ure per simulation case should be pro'ided# 1odels and assumptions should be ali ned with those listed in this paper and Anne5 A#, in TR ,B#F4?, and summari%ed as outlined in Table *# Any de'iations should be hi hli hted# Lin( le'el results should be presented as in 6i ure B#

Table 4# System Analysis Results# "etric -1'+7% /8 -1'+7% '8 1a) Pea) 7ate S 1bps 1() ,1plane latency T ms 1c) '1plane delay U ms 1d) 4O delay K ms

Table ,# 7ownlin( full &ueue system e'aluation# Note8 results are e5amples#
"etric 2a) %v* cell throu*hput and spectrum efficiency . 7el 9) 3 1bps -#* bpsC!%Ccell )4#-/ ,- 1bps , bpsC!%Ccell )3#3/ 9 ?- 1bps ? bpsC!%Ccell )*#*/ 9 2() %v* user throu*hput and spectrum efficiency -#3 1bps, -#-* bpsC!%Cuser )4#-/ , 1bps, -#, bpsC!%Cuser )3#3/ 9 ? 1bps, -#? bpsC!%Cuser )*#*/ 9 2c) ,ell1ed*e user throu*hput and spectrum efficiency -#4 1bps, -#-, bpsC!%Cuser )4#-/ -#* 1bps, -#-* bpsC!%Cuser )3#-/ 9 4#, 1bps, -#4, bpsC!%Cuser )*#-/ 9

7el 9 .:"4;) -1'+7% (aseline S'1"I"O -1'+7% (aseline "'1"I"O -1'+7% specific technique 1< -1'+7% specific

technique $<

V/ Specific techni&ues should be described

Table 3# ;plin( full &ueue system e'aluation results#

"etric 2a) %v* cell throu*hput and spectrum efficiency . 7el 9) 2() %v* user throu*hput and spectrum efficiency 2c) ,ell1ed*e user throu*hput and spectrum efficiency

7el 9 .:"4;) -1'+7% (aseline 7 /iv .1 2) -1'+7% (aseline "'1"I"O -1'+7% specific technique 1< -1'+7% specific technique "<

V/ Specific techni&ues should be described

Table ?# Eo$" Results# "etric -1'+7% /8 -1'+7% '8 3a) VoIP ,apacity

Table B# 1AS6N results# "etric "#SF$ !a) System throu*hput and spectrum efficiency !() "a IS/

100
Rel 6 E-UTRA

90 80 70 60 C.D.F. [%] 50 40 30 20 10 0

0.5

1.5 2 2.5 Normalized User Throughput

3.5

6i ure 4# 7ownlin( normali%ed user throu hput 076 )1etric ,d/# Note8 E5ample result#

100 90 80 70 60 C.D.F. [%] 50 40 30 20 10 0 -15 Case 1: ISD=500m Case 3: ISD=1732m

-10

-5 0 5 10 Downlink Wideband C/(I+N) [dB]

15

20

6i ure ,# 7ownlin( eometry distribution )1etric ,e/# Note8 E5ample result#

100
Rel 6 E-UTRA

90 80 70 60 C.D.F. [%] 50 40 30 20 10 0

0.5

1.5 2 2.5 Normalized User Throughput

3.5

6i ure 3# ;plin( normali%ed user throu hput 076 )1etric ,d/# Note8 E5ample result#

100 90 80 70 60 C.D.F. [%] 50 40 30 20 10 0

4 5 Uplink IoT [dB]

6i ure ?# ;plin( $nterference o'er Thermal )$oT/ distribution )1etric ,f/# Note8 E5ample result#

Table *# 1odels and Assumptions J ;se e# # Table A#,#4#4:3 from TR ,B#F4? ' .#4#-# Parameter 0ellular Layout $nter:site distance 7istance:dependent path loss %ssumption !e5a onal rid, 4G cell sites, 3 sectors per site See Table A#,#4#4:4 LH$ Q 3.#*lo
4-

)#R/, R in (ilometers

$H4,F#4 J ,G!%, $H4,-#G : G--1!% Error8 Reference source not found3 Lo normal Shadowin Shadowin standard de'iation 9 9 Similar to ;1TS 3-#-3, A 4#?#4#? Error8 Reference source not found3 F dA 9 9

6 QPSK 16QAM 64QAM 5 Normalized Throughput [bits/symbol]

0 -10

-5

10 SNR [dB]

15

20

25

6i ure B# Normali%ed throu hput ' SNR for AKGN channel# Note8 E5ample#