Fig. 1.

13 in which the empirical information covered is compared with the above Cordier curves for both Ds-Ns and cI)-- plots. !eferring first to the DsNs chart" the recommended areas for selection of a#ial fans and centrifugal fans certainl$ confirm the Cordier curve although centrifugals depart more significantl$ from it in the medium specific speed range. In the last two or three decades mi#ed-flow fans have received more attention for applications re%uiting both high flow rate and fairl$ high pressure rises such as nuclear reactor gas circulators and hovercraft fans. Cross-flow fans are a relative newcomer" widel$ used in ventilation and air conditioning" and now find a place on this chart. &he - plot in Fig. 1.13 illustrates well how the transformation from Ds-Ns coordinates to --#t" coordinates using '%ns (1..)*) e#aggerates departure of the +ones of ideal machine t$pes from the Cordier curve. &his is particularl$ so for centrifugal machines so far as the allowable flow coefficient range

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, is concerned" while the sprtad of recommended head coefficients

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, is relativel$ restricted. 1.).3 -ocal dimensionless design and performance variables .s alread$ indicated" a turbomachine ma$ contain man$ and comple# blade elements as illustrated b$ Fig. 1.1. Furthermore the flow within an$ single blade row ma$ var$ considerabl$ from hub to casing" re%uiting detailed specification of blade profile for each meridional stream surface" Fig. 1./. &hus it ma$ seem optimistic to e#pect global dimensionless groups such as we have 0ust considered to be able to do 0ustice to such 1.) Dimensional anal$sis 1, 1.1/ i 1.1 1.) 1./ 1.1 ).1 III2II /.1 11.1 )1.1 I " I 2I 3elton wheel single 0et 4-1 I 4 Francis turbines 5aplan .a --i l-turbines 3elton wheel t... .6 I4 41 multi-0et 3rop turbines Centrifugal pumps (radial) 7i#ed-flow 3ropeller .8- pumps .8-. pumps .a 4-r 4-r4 (.#ial) 49 Centrifugal compressors - .6 : and fans 4-I " "" """ "" "" 1 m N; ) Ns < 3 (g=) 4 i 2 4 2" - .#ial flow com3ressors" b.l.o..w..e rs r and ventilators .#ial flow - d steam and gas turbines IIIiIiIII 1.1/ 1.1 1.) 1./ 1.1 ).1 /.1 11.1 )1.1

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Ns Fig. 1.1) Correlation of turbomachine t$pe with specific speed comple# internal flows. . completel$ different level of dimensional anal$sis has therefore been developed to deal with this problem and is indeed the main theme of this boo>. For e#ample" let us consider how we might deal with the blade element generated b$ the intersection of the central meridional stream surface 1 in Fig. 1./. Instead of appl$ing the formal procedures of the 9r-theorem" designers fre%uentl$

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