EEDI

Energy Efficiency Design Index

MAN Diesel & Turbo The responsible way in leading technology

MAN Diesel & Turbo is the worlds leading designer and manufacturer of low and medium speed engines engines from MAN Diesel & Turbo cover an estimated 50% of the power needed for all world trade. We develop two-stroke and fourstroke engines, auxiliary engines, turbochargers and propulsion packages that are manufactured both within the MAN Diesel & Turbo Group and at our licencees. More than ever before, MAN Diesel & Turbos development focus is the environmental performance of our engines. Using our unrivalled grasp of large engine technology, we aim to make our engines progressively cleaner, more powerful and more efficient. Our absolute commitment to reducing emissions while increasing fuel efficiency and power density starts with our active partnership in the emissions law making process and ends with the delivery of engines that achieve an ideal synthesis of prime mover characteristics.

MAN B&W Diesel

EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index 3

The changing climate Time to act

EEDI In a nutshell The IMO regulations

Time to act
Climate change is a major challenge facing the world today. As a result of the greenhouse effect, caused by emissions of gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), average temperatures are climbing. This threatens fragile ecosystems and poses huge risks for agriculture potentially destabilising the global economy. In our own interests, and those of future generations, we all share a responsibility to minimise the impact of climate change. This means working proactively to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

New standards
After intensive discussions with stakeholders, the IMO has adopted a number of mandatory instruments requiring new ships to meet higher standards of efficiency. These encompass every stage of a ships life- cycle, applying to design, operation, maintenance, crew training, upgrades and retrofits. One of these measures is the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), which requires new ships to meet a certain level of energy efficiency from the outset. Another mandatory scheme, the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP), which governs operations, applies to all ships.

What is it?
The Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) calculates a vessels energy efficiency, based on a complex formula. This takes into account the ships emissions, its capacity and speed. The lower a ships EEDI, the more efficient it is. Under the regulations, ships are required to meet a minimum energy efficiency requirement in other words, their EEDI must be equivalent to or less than a threshold value.

EEDI =

CO2 emission P CF SFC = Benefit of sHip CapacitY speed

Who is affected?
The EEDI does not apply to all ships. Initially, it targets the vessels responsible for the most emissions. In its current form, it applies to new ships of and above 400 GT, where a building contract is placed on or after 1 January 2013. If there is no contract, it applies when keel-laying occurs on or after 1 July 2013. In both cases, delivery must be on or after 1 July 2015. However, nation-states have the right to delay the EEDIs application by up to four years to ships flying their flag. Older vessels will only require an EEDI should they undergo a major conversion on or after 1 January 2013. In addition, EEDI benchmarks will be raised successively new ships built in 2015, 2020 and 2025 will

Shipping makes a difference

Although shipping is already the most efficient form of bulk transportation, it plays an important role: increa sing globalisation is set to raise the amount of goods travelling by sea. Against this background, the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has identified potential for improving the efficiency of shipping even further, based on existing technologies such as streamlined engines and improved design.

Financial incentives
In addition, market-based measures such as levies or emissions trading may be introduced in the future, creating further incentives for efficient ships. These are currently the subject of discussion at the IMO, although they are proving to be controversial.

New sHips oVeR 400GT KeeL LaYing afteR JULY 2013

Global CO2 emission

Shipping trade routes

need to meet even higher standards.

2013

2015

2020

2025

And who is exempt?

Vessels with diesel-electric, gas turbine or hybrid propulsion do not need an EEDI. Currently, RoRo, RoPax, cruise, offshore and other vessels not explicitly mentioned in the regulations are also exempt. However, the IMO has announced its intention of expanding the EEDI to include additional types of ships down the track, based on the results of its experience with the first phase.

Shipping Aviation Rail a.o. Road Non transport

DieseL ELectRic DRiVe HYbRid PRopULsion DRiVe Gas TURbine

RoRo / RoPaX CRUise OffsHoRe

Primary trade routes

Secondary trade routes

MAN B&W Diesel

4 EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index 5

EEDI means efficiency Definition & application

Anatomy of the Energy Efficiency Design Index Formula & Definitions

Required EEDI
50 45

New ships from 1.1.2013 New ships from 1.1.2015 New ships from 1.1.2020

Main Engines Emissions

AUXiLiaRY Engines Emissions

SHaft GeneRatoRs / MotoRs Emissions

EfficiencY TecHnoLogies

EEDI (g CO2 / t nm)

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5

Excluded

New ships from 1.1.2025 Reference line

Included
25.000 50.000 75.000 100.000 125.000 150.000 175.000 200.000

TRanspoRt woRk

Engine Power (P)

Individual engine power at 75% Maximum Continous Rating

Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC)

Fuel use per unit of engine power

Required EEDI
The required EEDI represents a minimum energy efficiency requirement for new ships depending on ship type and size. This begins with a baseline value in 2013 and is raised successively in three steps until 2025. The baseline for the required EEDI is calculated from the EEDI of vessels built after the millennium.

Assumption
The EEDI assesses the energy consumption of the vessel at normal seafaring conditions, taking into account the energy required for propulsion and the hotel load for the crew. Energy consumed to maintain the cargo and for manoeuvring or ballasting is not considered.

P P P P P

Main engine power reduction due to individual technologies for mechanical energy efficiency Auxilliary engine power reduction due to individual technologies for electrical energy efficiency Power of individual shaft motors divided by the efficiency of shaft generators Combined installed power of auxilliary engines Individual power of main engines

SFC SFC SFC * SFC

Main engine (composite) Auxilliary engine Auxilliary engine (adjusted for shaft generators) Main engine (individual)

Correction and Adjustment Factors (F)

Non-dimensional factors that were added to the EEDI equation to account for specific existing or anticipated conditions that would otherwise skew individual ships rating Availability factor of individual energy efficiency technologies (=1.0 if readily available) Correction factor for ship specific design elements. E.g. ice-classed ships which require extra weight for thicker hulls Coefficient indicating the decrease in ship speed due to weather and environmental conditions Capacity adjustment factor for any technical/ regulatory limitation on capacity (=1.0 if none)

Auxiliary engines

Power Excluded EEDI

Boiler Cargo heat Thrusters Cargo pumps Cargo gear Ballast pumps Reefers PAE

CO2 Emissions (C)

CO2 emission factor based on type of fuel used by given engine

Switch board

C C C

Main engine composite fuel factor Auxilliary engine fuel factor Main engine individual fuel factors

PowerIncluded Included EEDI Power

Shaft motor PPTI Shaft power PS Shaft generator PFTO Waste heat recovery etc. PAEeff Main engine PME Main engine pumps (2,5% PME)

Ship Design Parameters

Ship speed at maximum design load condition Deadweight Tonnage (DWT) rating for bulk ships and tankers; a percentage of DWT for Containerships DWT indicates how much can be loaded onto a ship

Accomodation (250 kWh)

EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index

EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index

Meeting the EEDI requirements with MAN Diesel & Turbo

To comply with the EEDI, ships need to be fitted with efficient, well-designed technology. MAN Diesel & Turbo offers a comprehensive range of solutions, including engines, turbochargers and propellers. Built entirely by MAN Diesel & Turbo, these systems reflect the high quality standards that have made us a world leader.
Highly efficient engines
As gas contains less carbon, running engines on liquid natural gas (LNG) produces far lower emissions. This leads to a significantly reduced EEDI. MAN Diesel & Turbo has recently introduced a range of extremely efficient and versatile dual-fuel engines, suitable for almost all types of shipping. These allow shipowners to benefit from the increasing availability and attractive price of gas, yet offer full fuel flexibility.

Multiple combinations
MAN Diesel & Turbo offers a wide range of energy efficiency devices to provide the optimum solution for your vessel. One of the most efficient ways to optimise your vessel is through the use of Kappel propellers in combination with a rudder bulb. Whether your engine is driven by liquid or gaseous fuels, this increases the efficiency of your vessel up to 10%.

Carbon Factors
CF (t-CO2/ t-Fuel)
Diesel Gas Oil Light Fuel Oil (LFO) Heavy Liqueed Liqueed Liqueed Fuel Oil Petrole- Petrole- Natural (HFO) um Gas um Gas Gas (LPG/ (LPG/ (LPG) Propane) Butane)

Various solutions on the market today and how they can be combined
Post Swirl Finns Rudder Bulb Kappel PBCF AHT Nozzle Mewis Duct Pre Swirl Finns Efficiency rudders

3,30 3,20 3,10 3,00 2,90 2,80 2,70 2,60 2,50

CF (t-CO2/ t-Fuel)

-1,7%

-2,9%

-6,4%

-5,5%

-14,2%
Post Swirl Finns Rudder Bulb Kappel PBCF AHT Nozzle Mewis Duct Pre Swirl Finns Efficiency rudders

2-3%

2-5%

3-5% 2-5%

5-8% 3-8%
Can sometimes partly be combined

3-5%
should not be combined

2-4%

Can be combined

Due to reduced carbon factors, the use of LNG by the new 35/44DF results in approx. 14% lower EEDI

3,205 3,151 3,114 3,000 3,030 2,750

MAN B&W Diesel

8 EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index 9

Waste heat recovery

The more efficient an engine is, the more power it obtains from the same amount of fuel. At MAN Diesel & Turbo, we have the expertise to maximise this output: for example, by making use of the heat given off by the combustion process, which can be recovered from the cooling water and exhaust gases. In fact, up The energy recovered by this system can be used to heat accommodation, fuel and/or cargo, or power a steam turbine and generator. to ten per cent more power can be obtained using an effective waste heat recovery system.

15%

exhaust gas losses

heat power generation, recovery air conditioning 15% electrical propulsion 30%

hot water

heat recovery

steam

17%

thermal energy recovery 32%

freshwater generation 11%

generators 45%

4 engines, 1 stand-by

12%

seawater cooling losses

Typical energy heat balance of a cruise ship

Carbon Factors
Shaft power output: 47,34% Gain: 11,0% EI, power production of TES: 5,0% Lubricating oil cooler: 4,6% Jacket water cooler: 4,4% Exhaust gas and condenser: 13,6% Air cooler: 17,1% Heat radiation: 2,2%
Fuel 100%

9L48/60CR at 85% MCR

10 EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index

EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index 11

Example Attained EEDI vs Required EEDI

Container ship
DWT design draught 15375 t ME 11200 kW (MAN B&W 8L58/64) AE 4 x 1720 kW (MAN 8L21/31) Generator efficiency 93% Speed 19 knots Diesel/Gas Oil, ISO 8217, DMC DMX

Tanker (2008)
DWT design draught 7900 t ME 3360 kW (MAN 6L32/44CR) AE 1 x 1290 kW (MAN 6L21/31) Generator efficiency 93% Speed 13,3 knots Diesel/Gas Oil, ISO 8217, DMC DMX

Requirement Container ship

50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15

Requirement Tanker
IMO No. Attained EEDI Required EEDI Compliance Index Calculation ref. 1 25,49 26,96 94 59960
15 25

IMO No. Attained EEDI Attained EEDI: 14,24 Required EEDI: 15,07 Required EEDI Compliance Index Calculation ref.

2 14,58 15,27 N/A 718835

Phase 0: 1 Jan 2013 31 Dec 2014 Attained EEDI: 25,49 Required EEDI: 26,96
20

Phase 0: 1 Jan 2013 31 Dec 2014

10

EEDI

50.000
New ships from 1.1.2013

100.000
New ships from 1.1.2015

150.000
New ships from 1.1.2020

200.000
New ships from 1.1.2025

250.000
Reference line

EEDI

10

50.000

100.000

150.000

200.000

250.000

300.000

350.000

400.000
Reference line

450.000

New ships from 1.1.2013

New ships from 1.1.2015

New ships from 1.1.2020

New ships from 1.1.2025

Sensitivity
Attained EEDI: 25,49 Attained EEDI: 22,29 (with 12V51/60DF) Attained EEDI: 18,06 (with engine 9L51/60DF; 9000 kW and 18 knots)

Assumptions and considerations:

All variations are only done with changing the ME characteristics.

Sensitivity
Attained EEDI: 14,24 Attained EEDI: 13,84 (with engine 9L27/38; 3060 kW and 185 g/kWh SFC*) Attained EEDI: 12,64 (using 6L35/44DF)
* 85% MCR

Assumptions and considerations:

All variations are only done with changing the ME characteristics.

12 EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index

EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index 13

World Class After Sales Support For marine propulsion and GenSets

Service Facilities (Service Centres, Authorized Repair Shops, Spare Parts Stocks) Agencies

PrimeServ peace of mind for life

With more than 150 PrimeServ service stations and service partners worldwide, plus our growing network of PrimeServ Academies, the MAN Diesel & Turbo after-sales organisation is committed to maintaining the most efficient and accessible after-sales organisation in the business. PrimeServs aim is to provide:

The PrimeServ offering

Based on almost 110 years of service experience with marine diesel engines, our sophisticated logistics system ensures that all frequently requested spare parts are available worldwide within 24 hours. In addition, MAN Diesel & Turbo Online Service helps to optimise maintenance cycles by the use of remote engine monitoring, diagnostics and calibration. The resulting condition-based maintenance (CBM) promotes high availability, increases operational safety, shortens downtimes and enhances the performance of MAN Diesel & Turbo marine engines. The bottom line: leaner operating costs and better planning for you. When service is required, the MAN PrimeServ network responds to organise assistance as fast as possible. This guarantees rapid completion of maintenance work and high availability of MAN Diesel & Turbo engines, GenSets, turbochargers, gears, propellers and marine propulsion packages. In short: MAN PrimeServ gives you the benefit of our specialist expertise in marine power so that you can concentrate on your own core business.

Prompt delivery of high demand OEM spare parts

within 24 hours

Fast, reliable and competent customer support Individually tailored O&M contracts Ongoing training and qualification of service personnel Global service, open 24 hours-a-day, 365 days-a-year Diagnosis and troubleshooting with our high perfor

mance Online Service

Retrofitting of the latest MAN Diesel & Turbo

engine and turbocharger technologies for improved operating economy and minimised emissions

14 EEDI Energy Efficiency Design Index

All data provided in this document is non-binding. This data serves informational purposes only and is especially not guaranteed in any way. Depending on the subsequent specific individual projects, the relevant data may be subject to changes and will be assessed and determined individually for each project. This will depend on the particular characteristics of each individual project, especially specific site and operational conditions. CopyrightMAN Diesel & Turbo. D2366498EN Printed in Germany GMC-AUG-08122

MAN Diesel & Turbo 86224 Augsburg, Germany Phone +49 821 322-0 Fax +49 821 322-3382 marineengines-de@mandieselturbo.com www.mandieselturbo.com

MAN Diesel & Turbo a member of the MAN Group