Muhammad Juangga 25012025 1. A rectangular channel 4 m wide conveys a discharges of 18 m3/s at a depth of 2.25 m.

Determine the depth and celerity of the positive surge wave resulting from (a) sudden, partial gate closure which reduces the downstream discharge to 10 m3/s, and (b) sudden total gate closure.

Solution
b=4m Q1 = 18 m3/s Y1 = 2.25 m

(a) Partial gate closure to Q2 = 10 m3/s

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by trial

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Muhammad Juangga 25012025 (b) Q2 = 0 m3/s (sudden total gate closure)

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by trial

2. At low tide the steady freshwater flow in an estuarial channel 20 m wide, be slope 0.0005, Mannings roughness coefficient 0.02 is 20 m3/s. A tidal bore forms on the flood tide and is observed to propagate upstream at a celerity of 4 m/s. Neglecting the density difference between the freshwater and the saline water determine the depth and discharge immediately after the bore has passed.

Solution
Q = 20 m3/s B = 20 m n = 0.02 S = 0.0005 C = 4 m/s

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Muhammad Juangga 25012025 The depth of uniform flow using the Manning equation

y1

b = 20 m Mannings Formula

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Trial with Goal seek

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Muhammad Juangga 25012025

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Trial with Goal seek

Using the continuity equation

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3. A rectangular channel 10 m wide, bed slope 0.001, Mannings roughness coefficient 0.015, receives inflow from a reservoir with a gated inlet. When a steady discharge of 30 m3/s is being conveyed the gate is suddenly opened to release a discharge of 70 m3/s. Calculate the initial celerity and depth of the surge wave.

Solution
b = 10 m S = 0.0001 n = 0.015 Q2=30 m3/s Q1=70 m3/s

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Muhammad Juangga 25012025 Using the Mannings formla, the depth of uniform flow under initial conditions at a discharges of Q2=30 m3/s

y2

b = 10 m Mannings Formula

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Trial with Goal seek

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Muhammad Juangga 25012025

Using equation :

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Substitution in equation

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Trial with Goal seek

4. A steady discharge of 30 m3/s is conveyed in arectangular channel of bed width 9 m at a depth of 3 m. A control gate at the inlet is suddenly partially closed reducing the inflow to 10 m3/s. Assuming the channel to be frictionless determine the depth behind the surge wave and the time taken for the trough of the wave to pass a point 500 m downstream.

Solution
b=9m Q2 = 30 m3/s y2 = 3 m Q1 = 10 m3/s

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Muhammad Juangga 25012025 X = 1 km = 1000 m

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Trial with Goal seek

Time taken to travel 500 m

5. A rectangular channel 30 m wide discharges 60 m3/s at a uniform flow depth of 2.5 m into a reservoir. The levels of water in the channel and reservoir at the reservoir inlet are initially equal. Water in the reservoir is released rapidly so that the level falls at the rate of 1 m per hour. Neglecting friction and the channel slope determine the time taken for the level in the channel to fall 0.5 m at a section 1 km upstream from the reservoir.

Solution

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