COMPUTER SECURITY

SCR 2413M SEM 2, 10/11 LAB 2: Crypto Games Classical Cipher SOLUTION LAB CRYPTO

Lets start the work and have fun with it! Refer to: i. ii. http://www.cryptool-online.org/ Additional notes on E-learning

The lab work consists of two basic processes that involve in cryptography. The processes are as follows: Encryption process

a. b. c. d.

Select encryption algorithm Generate or choose encryption key Encrypt the plaintext Get the encryption result

Decryption process a. Select decryption algorithm b. Generate or choose decryption key c. Decrypt ciphertext d. Get the decryption result

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A.

Encrypt the plaintext using CrypTool with different methods: Caesar Cipher using key: D, N, Z i. Key: D Plaintext Computer Your password is sec*cs03 Frpsxwhu brxu sdvvzrug lv vhf*fv03 Ciphertext

We go to the zoo every Zh jr wr wkh Crr hyhuB Bhdu year

ii.

Key: N

Plaintext Computer Your password is sec*cs03 PBzCHGrE

Ciphertext

lBHE CnFFJBEq vF Frp*pF03

We go to the zoo every jr tB GB Gur MBB rIrEL LrnE year

iii.

Key: Z

Plaintext Computer
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Ciphertext bNLOTSDQ
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Your password is sec*cs03

xNTQ OzRRVNQC HR RDB*BR03

We go to the zoo every vD FN SN SGD YNN DUDQX XDzQ year

Using brute-force attack, break the ciphertext (Caesar Cipher) given: dZrs sn aqdZj

The plaintext: _____________________________ east to break______ How did you do it? by changing the keys until I got the answer Substitution key: SMILE

Plaintext Computer Your password is sec*cs03 Injouteq

Ciphertext

Ynuq osrrwnql dr rei*ir03

We go to the zoo every We go to the zoo every year year

Vigenere cipher (please refer to the Vigenere Tableau http://nob.cs.ucdavis.edu/classes/ecs155-200504/handouts/vigenere.html) i. Key: SMILE Plaintext
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Ciphertext
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Computer Your password is sec*cs01

UAuAyLqz qACC tsEAHsJp qD wwo*kD01

We go to the zoo every oq oz xG Fpp DGA mGiJK GpeJ year

ii. Key: SMILEINTHERAIN

Plaintext Computer Your password is sec*cs03 UAuAyBrK

Ciphertext

qACC tiFLDsId qF Kqk*nw03

We go to the zoo every oq oz xw GAl DFo mIwDG JiiE year

B.

Identify the pattern of encryption results (ciphertext); identify the advantages and disadvantages of each cipher systems. Caeser cipher system: The cipher text pattern takes the form of alphabets that been shifted form it original position arbitrary. So, the number of positions becomes the key-value. Substitution system: In this system units- single, double or triplets of letters- of plain texts are replaced with cipher texts according to regular system.no additional keys used the only security way is to keep the substitution table secret. Vigenere Cipher: This system uses a chosen key of an arbitrary length, and then we follow caeser cipher method, by shifting the letters positions.
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System Caeser cipher Substitution system Vigenere

Advantages Simple and easy to memorize Frequencies hidden Strong encryption

Disadvantages Easy breakable method Message and key are longer Quit complex

Analyse the ciphertext for:

i. ii. iii. iv.

Number: Symbol: Repeated alphabet (i.e. zoo): Use the frequency analysis to analyse the alphabet distribution: System Caeser Cipher Number Number still same Symbol The symbols are not changed Repeated alphabet Easy to guess alphabets because of using same position shift Sam as Caesar easy to decrypt the text Difficult to guess because each letter of repeated pair will have a different match in the cipher text when encrypted.

Substitution System Vigenere

No change in numbers No change in the numbers

Keep symbols

Keep the symbols as they are

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Playfair key: SMILE (Refer to http://www.simonsingh.net/The_Black_Chamber/playfaircipher.htm) Plaintext: PERSONAL COMPUTER

Ciphertext:_______________________ US PI GO DS FK SQ PU IU ________________________

Transposition (Row and Column) keyword: SMILE, BUS (Refer to cryptos extra slide) Plaintext: PERSONAL COMPUTER i. Key : SMILE Draw the matrix. S P N M R E O O E M E A P I R L U L S C T E O O E

I R L U

L S C T

M E A P

S P N M R

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Ciphertext: ORSEPOLCANEUTPMR

ii.

Key : BUS Draw the matrix. PERSONAL COMPUTER U E O L M T S R N C P E

B P S A O U R

B P S A O U R

S R N C P E

U E O L M T

Ciphertext:PRESNOAC;OPMUETR

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