IN in Mobile Services

Manish Das
 What is the Intelligent Network (IN)?
• ‘Intelligence’ of an ‘Intelligent Network’ lies in its capability of
providing personalized services to the users.
• This has been achieved by separating service logic and service
data from the switch to which the end user belongs.
• Introduce value added services over a large network at much
reduced cost, complexity and time on top of existing
infrastructure.

From To

Call Processing Service SS7

SSP SCP
Logic Logic

Call Processing Service

Logic Logic

• Call processing software and • Call processing software in Service

service related software in each Switching Point (SSP).
SPC Switch. • Service Logic in SCP.
• Software interacts to complete • SSP dialogs with SCP to determine
calls and invoke services. how to process call.

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Basic components of IN
SCP - Service Control Point
SMF - Service Management Function
SCE - Service Creation Environment
SCE SMF SCP IP - Intelligent Peripheral
SSP - Service Switching Point
CCSN - Common Channel Signaling
Network
STP - Signal Transfer Point
CCSN
IP STP STP

LEC/CLEC
Network

SSP STP

SSP SSP
SSP

SSP
SSP
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 A GSM Network

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 Requirements of Mobile Networks

• Real time charging of Voice, SMS and Data calls.

• Providing operator specific services seamlessly even when
roaming in other networks.
• Charging real time for all services while roaming.

So, CAMEL aims to provide services irrespective of user’s

location
 Transparent to subscriber
CAMEL-based services
“Switch”-based services
“HLR”-based services
 Seamless services
Home
Roaming

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 IN in Mobile Network

• Mobile networks are Intelligent Network structured

networks, they have centralized databases (in GSM
HLR, VLR) which correspond to IN SCP. GSM also
supplies many of the supplementary services that
can be supported on fixed networks by IN solutions.
• IN in Mobile networks is a subset of Landline IN, but
customized to meet the special requirements of
Mobile services, hence named Customized
Application for Mobile Enhanced Logic (CAMEL).
• Mobile services has some unique features like
handover, location update, roaming etc.

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 Components in IN

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 Some useful concepts

• Points in call (PIC)

The points during the call when the IN
service logic is allowed to interact with
the basic call processings are identified
as Points in Call (PICs). So PICs are the
activities in MSC/VLR associated with
call processing like, Collection of
digits, routing, alerting etc. PICs are PIC
vendor independent, providing a
standardized view of call processing
behaviour.
DP
• Detection Points (DP) PIC
The points in call processing or during
a call, where transfer of control IN
service logic or notification of service
logic take place. DPs are placed
between PICs. DPs can be of two types-
Notification (DP-N) and Response (DP-
R).

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 IN Triggers

• Call termination triggers

– Called party busy
– No answer
• Call origination triggers
– Calling party
– Dialed number
• Trigger categories
– Subscribed (individual subscriber-based)
– Office/group

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 OSI Reference model and Signaling in CAMEL

CAP
Application
TCAP
ISUP User /
Application
Presentation
Parts
Session NULL
Transport
SCCP
Network
MTP Level 3 Network
Data link MTP Level 2 Part
Physical MTP Level 1

OSI-RM SS7

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 CAMEL Subscription Information
• Originating CAMEL Subscription Information (O-CSI): The O-CSI
identifies the subscriber as having originating CAMEL services.

• Terminating CAMEL Subscription Information (T-CSI): The T-CSI

identifies the subscriber as having terminating CAMEL services.

• Supplementary Service Notification CAMEL Subscription Information

(SS-CSI): The SS-CSI identifies the subscriber as having
supplementary service invocation notification CAMEL services.

• USSD CAMEL Subscription Information (U-CSI) : The U-CSI identifies a

set of subscriber specific mappings from a USSD service code to a
gsmSCF address.

• USSD General CAMEL Service Information (UG-CSI) : The UG-CSI

globally identifies a set of mappings from a USSD service code to a
gsmSCF address. The global mapping applies to all HPLMN
subscribers. If, for a particular service code, both U-CSI and UG-CSI
are applicable then the U-CSI shall take precedence.

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 CAMEL Subscription Information
• SMS-CSI: SMS-CSI contains subscription information for subscribers
that require CAMEL support of MO SMS. SMS-CSI is transferred to the
VLR or to the SGSN on Location Update and Restore Data or when
SMS-CSI has changed.

• GPRS-CSI: When processing GPRS Attach requests for subscribers

requiring CAMEL support, the SGSN receives a GPRS-CSI from the
HLR, indicating the SGSN to request instructions from the gprsSSF.
The SGSN monitors on request the GPRS events and informs the
gprsSSF of these events during processing, enabling the gprsSSF to
control the execution of the GPRS session or individual PDP contexts
in the SGSN.

• M-CSI: The HLR contains Mobility management CAMEL Subscription

Information (M-CSI) for those subscribers that require CAMEL control
of Mobility Management events. M-CSI is sent to the VLR during the
Location Update and Restore Data procedures or when M-CSI is
modified in the HLR. The M-CSI is deleted in the VLR with the Delete
Subscriber Data procedure.

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 CAMEL Phases

• CAMEL has been evolving in several phases.

• Finalized in 1997, CAMEL phase I introduced improved
capabilities as mobile operators could begin to offer
services and features to their customers that could work
while roaming.
• Phase I of CAMEL does not offer the ability to interact with
the Specialized Resource Function (SRF). The SRF is a
functional capability found in Voice Response Units (VRU).
• In CAMEL phase I, a call is simply cutoff in progress when
an account balance reaches zero.

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 CAMEL Phases

• Completed in 1998, CAMEL phase II provided many

additional capabilities, but perhaps the most significant is
support for SRF which allows interaction with specialized
network resources such as the Voice Response Unit (VRU).
The VRU is an important network element for certain
applications such as IN based mobile prepay service.
• The VRU plays voice prompts during prepay account
recharge and announcements such as a low balance
warning before or during the cal to alert the subscriber of
that condition.
• On-line charging.
• Expansion of the range of DPs.

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 CAMEL Phases

CAMEL Phase III has been developed to support data

services available through GPRS, EDGE and UMTS.
CAMEL Phase III also supports
• Real time charging of SMS-MO while roaming.
• Mobility Management.
• SS notfication.

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 Basic CAMEL Architecture (Phase I)

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 Basic CAMEL Architecture (Phase I)

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Basic CAMEL Architecture (Phase II)

In the second phase the CAMEL feature supports:

- mobile originated and forwarded calls
- mobile terminating calls;
- any time interrogation;
- suppression of announcements;
- announcements, in band user interaction;
- charging features;
- supplementary service invocation notifications;
- USSD interaction with the gsmSCF.

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 Basic CAMEL Architecture (Phase II)

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 CAMEL Services

• Prepaid services
• Advice of charge though e-value
• Mid-call announcement
• VPN
• Free Phone
• Premium number
• Universal access number

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 CAMEL Services

• The most popular services is Prepaid.

• Prepaid is implemented with some additional

components.

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 Trend in Prepaid subscription

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 Non-IN Prepaid Technology

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 Non-IN Prepaid Technology

1. Customer initiates a call

2. MSC detects that the caller uses prepaid account and
sets up a voice channel to service node
3. Service node asks from the prepaid billing platform
(PBP) if the call should be allowed
4. If call is allowed, a second voice channel is established
from service node trough MSC to the called party
• This method costs one extra voice channel compared to
IN prepaid.

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 Non-IN Prepaid Technology

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 Prepaid system architecture

GUI
SMS Graphical User
Interface
Script
Management PPAS
SCP Administrative System
Call Control Voucher Data & Management

SDP- PrePaid
Rating Engine IVR
Account, Service Class Refill
Inquiries
Network and Tariff Data

MSC/SSF HLR
AST/DR - Announcements

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 IN Architecture Elements

Service Switching Point (SSP)

– Major function of the SSP is to detect events during
call processing, called triggers, that indicate an IN call
event
– After triggering, the SSP suspends call processing and
starts a series of transactions with the SCP to
determine the handling of the call
– Supervises the length of the call

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 IN Architecture Elements

Service Control Point (SCP)

Contains the IN service logic.
Control of call handling
– Call redirection guidance (Free phone)
– call duration
– Real time charging
– announcement control

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 IN Architecture Elements

Intelligent Peripheral (IP)

– Performs specialized resource functions such as:
– Playing announcements
– Collecting digits
– Speech recognition
– Recording and storing voice messages
– Facsimile services...
– Under the control of service logic of SCP.

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 SDP – description

Central node in the PrePaid network

It is the actual real-time rating engine,

handles account deduction, tariffs and service
class

SDP
Service Data Point

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 PPAS – description

Hosts all subscriber and voucher administrative

functions, such as:
• voucher maintenance
• refill and inquiries
• subscriber provisioning
• account lifecycle with expiry dates
• service class data

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 CAMEL Call Processing

• MSC call processing model

– Basic call state models (BCSMs)
• Originating call model
• Terminating call model

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 CAMEL Call Processing (O-BCSM Phase I)

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 CAMEL Call Processing (O-BCSM Phase I)

CAMEL Detection Point Description

DP2 Collected_Info Indication that the O-CSI is active and

analysed. The dialled number is received,
but not analysed.
DP7 O_Answer Indication that the call is accepted and
answered by the terminating
party.
DP9 O_Disconnect A disconnect indication is received from
the originating or the
terminating party. Either calling or called
party disconnection is
informed to the gsmSCF.

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 CAMEL Call Processing

Data sent to SCP after InitialDP detection:

- Event met;
- IMSI;
- Calling Party’s Number;
- Calling Party’s Category;
- Service Key;
- Location information of the calling subscriber;
- ISDN Bearer Capability;
- High Layer Compatibility;
- Basic Service Code;
- Called Party BCD Number. - Call identification information;
- Time and Time Zone information

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 CAMEL Call Processing (O-BCSM Phase I)

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 MSC Call Processing (T-BCSM Phase I)

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 MSC Call Processing (T-BCSM Phase I)
CAMEL Detection Point
DP12 Term._Attempt_Authorized
DP15 T_Answer
DP17 T_Disconnect
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Description
Indication that the T-CSI is active
and analysed.
Call is accepted and answered by
terminating party.
A disconnect indication is received
from the terminating or the
originating party.
Manish Das
 CAMEL Call Processing (O-BCSM Phase II)

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 CAMEL Call Processing (O-BCSM Phase II)
CAMEL Detection Point Description
DP2 Collected_Info Indication that the O-CSI is active and analysed. The dialled number is
received, but not analysed.
DP 4 Route_Select_Failure Indication that the call establishment failed
DP 5 O_Busy Indication that a busy indication is received from the
terminating party
DP6 O_No_Answer Indication that an application timer associated with the O_No_Answer
DP expires

DP7 O_Answer Indication that the call is accepted and answered by the terminating
party.
DP9 O_Disconnect A disconnect indication is received from the originating or the
terminating party. Either calling or called party disconnection is
informed to the gsmSCF.
DP 10 O_Abandon Indication that a disconnect indication is received from
the originating party during the call establishment
Procedure

DP 50 O_Not_Reachable Not reachable event can be determined upon a cause IE

in the ISUP release message.

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 CAMEL Call Processing - MOC

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 CAMEL Call Processing - MOC

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 CAMEL Call Processing

Examples of Pre-Call announcements could be:

• Maximum allowed duration for the call
• Low account balance warning, if applicable
• Funds expiration warning, if applicable

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 MSC Call Processing (T-BCSM Phase II)

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 CAMEL Call Processing (T-BCSM Phase II)
CAMEL Detection Point Description
DP12 Term._Attempt_Authorized Indication that the T-CSI is active and
analysed.
DP 13 T_Busy Indication that a busy indication is received from the
destination exchange
DP 14 T_No_Answer Indication that an application timer associated with the
T_No_Answer DP expires
DP15 T_Answer Call is accepted and answered by terminating party.

DP17 T_Disconnect A disconnect indication is received from the terminating or the

originating party.
DP 18 T_Abandon A disconnect indication is received from the originating
party during the call establishment procedure

DP 51 T_Not_Reachable Not reachable or call establishment failure event can be

determined from the HLR or upon a cause IE in the ISUP
release message.

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 CAMEL Call Processing (T-BCSM Phase II)

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 CAMEL Call Processing - MTC

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 CAMEL Call Processing –disconnection upon fund expiry

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 CAMEL Call Processing - MTC

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 SMS MO

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 SMS MO

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 SMS MO using GPRS

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 SMS MO State Model

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 SMS MO State Model

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 GPRS through CAMEL Phase III

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 SGSN - Successful GPRS Data Transfer- User Disconnects

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 SGSN - Successful GPRS Data Transfer - Funds Expiry

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 Real time charging

With CAMEL phase 1 no real time charging was possible.

With CAMEL phase 2 when a call is successfully established,

the SCP instructs the underlying network to allow the call for a
given time and to contact the SCP/CSE for further instructions
or to release the call immediately after the given time.
But real time charging of SMS-MO while roaming is possible in
CAMEL phase 3 only.

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 Typical Prepaid Implementation

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 Prepaid account replenishment options

Replenishment of an account can be undertaken

in a variety of ways:
• Through the application of a phone card
(voucher) through the IP, IVR or USSD
• Through a credit card or ATM transaction
• Through a web interface with a credit card
• Through the system GUI by a Calling Center
representative

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CAMEL Abbreviations

• BCSM Basic Call State Model

• DP Detection Point
• EDP Event Detection Point
• GMSC Gateway MSC
• gsmSCF GSM Service Control Function
• gsmSSF GSM Service Switching Function
• HPLMN Home PLMN
• IPLMN Interrogating PLMN
• O-CSI Originating CAMEL Subscription Information
• OSS Operator Specific Service
• SLPI Service Logic Program Instance
• TDP Trigger Detection Point
• VPLMN Visited PLMN

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 THANK YOU

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