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2.5 UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECTS OF A FORCE [../28 x 100 = %] 1. Answer the following questions.

. (a) What are the effects of a force when acting on an object? A force can. (i) __________ a stationary object (ii) __________ a moving object (iii) change the ________ ________ of an object (iv) change the ________ ________ of an object (b) !orce is a ( scalar vector ) quantity . (c) What is the "# unit for force? $he ".#. unit for force is ____________ . %. !ill in the blan&s with a''ro'riate answers for balance( an( unbalance( forces. (a) (b) (c) !orces acting on an object are sai( balance( when the net force is ___________. When the forces acting on an object are balance() it is either at ___________ or moving with ___________ _____________. An object will ____________________ if the forces acting on it are not balance(. 1% .

/8

*. +raw the gra'h an( state the relationshi' between acceleration) a) force) F an( mass) m. (i) a a

! (m is constant) (ii) ,elationshi' -

1 m
(! is constant) ,elationshi' -

a a

a is __________________ to ! (iii) /ombine the relationshi'-

a is __________________ to m


! 0 & !0 1 & is constant (& 0 1)

(b) $he relationshi' between F) m an( a is &nown as 2ewton3s _____________ law of ____________. . .. "olve the following. a 0 * m s5% m 0 1444 &g !

(a)

A force) ! is require( to move an object of mass 1444 &g with an acceleration of * m s5%. /alculate ! when (i) object is on a smooth surface (ii) object is on a surface where the frictional force is %44 2

"olution (i)

(ii)

(b)

A bloc& of mass %4 &g is 'ulle( along the groun( by a force) ! of 64 2. $he frictional force is 14 2. /alculate the acceleration of the bloc&.

"olution-

(c)

A car of mass 1%44 &g which is travelling at 74 &m h51 comes to a sto' in a (istance of 84 m when the bra&es are a''lie(. What is the average bra&ing force of the car?

2.6 ANALYSING I !ULSE AND I !ULSI"E FORCE [ .. / 21 x 100 = .% ] 1. +efine im'ulse an( im'ulsive force by com'leting the following table. "ituation !rom A ball of mass) m is &ic&e( with a force) F. $he time of contact is t. $he ball accelerates from u to v. ! 0 ma !0m

9:'lanation

!0

mv ; mu 0 change of #m'ulsive force ! 1 t !0

t mv mu 0 t #m'ulsive force is (efine( as the ......................... . in a collision or e:'losion. #m'ulse 0 !t 0 0 change of .. "# unit for im'ulse is or .. 14

! mv mu

#m'ulse 0 force : time

%) (i) !ill in the blan&s with a''ro'riate answers. #m'ulsive force is a force which acts over a very .. time interval (uring .. an( . (ii) <y using the figures given) (etermine whether the im'ulsive force acting is large or small.

*.

$wo eggs of the same mass are release( from the same height) as shown in the figure below. 9gg A falls on a concrete floor while egg B falls on a thic& fol(e( towel.

!igure A

!igure <

=sing !igure A an( !igure <) com'are the con(itions of the eggs after the fall an( e:'lain the relationshi' between the material where the eggs lan(e( an( the force acting on the eggs u'on lan(ing.

.. A tennis ball of mass .8 g travels at a velocity of >4 m s;1 imme(iately after it is struc& by a rac&et. $he time of contact between the tennis ball an( the rac&et is 4.8 ms. /alculate (a) im'ulse an( (b) im'ulsive force e:erte( on the ball. "olution -

2.# $EING A%ARE OF THE NEED FOR SAFETY FEATURES IN "EHICLES [

./15 x 100 =.. %]

A &'()*+' ,& -./* '0 1 D*&23,.* '4* ,5603'-+2* 07 &-7*'8 7*-'(3*& ,+ 9*4,2/*& Reinforced passen er compartment "added ___________ Shatter proof ___________ Automatic air ____ Head ______ Safety seat ________

/rum'le !ones _______________ _________ (ABS) Side impact bars

S-7*'8 7*-'(3*& ?a((e( (ashboar( @ea( rest

I5603'-+2* To cushion an impact and increases the ______ __________ of collision so the __________ _______ produced is thereby reduced

$o 'revent the win(screen from shattering.

Automatic air bag

"afety seat belt

$o minimiAe the force acting from a si(e5 on collision.

Anti5loc& bra&ing system $o increase the time interval of im'act so that the resultant im'ulsive force is re(uce(.

2.8

UNDERSTANDING GRA"ITY [ ./ 2# x 100 = . % ] 1B

1. /om'lete the following by fill in the a''ro'riate answer. a. b. c. An object will .. to the surface of the earth because it is 'ulle( by .. $he 'ull or force of gravity also &nown as ... When an object falls without encountering any resistance an( un(er the force of . only) the object is sai( to be . (. All objects freely with the same acceleration regar(less of their an( e. $he constant .. of objects falling freely (ue

feather

vacuum stone

to the force of .. is &nown as ) g. f. ?ractically) a free . can only ta&e 'lace in . where there is no air resistance.

g. h. i.

$he region aroun( the earth is the #######. fiel( of the earth. $he gravitational fiel( strength is (efine( as the ######. #### acting on a 1 &g mass. When an object falling freely) acceleration (ue to gravity) g $

An object at the surface of the earth e:'eriences gravitational force) g 0 . 8

%. "tate the (ifferences between weight an( mass in the table below. Weight 1. the gravitational force act on the object. %. *. vector quantity .. 8. "# unit - 2ewton (2) "olve the 'roblem below *. A coconut falls from rest an( hit the groun( after 1.% s. (a) What is the velocity of the coconut just before hits the groun(? (b) /alculate the height of the coconut before it fall. 1. %. constant quantity everywhere *. .. base quantity) mass 0 m 8. Cass

..

A stone is thrown vertically u'war(s with a velocity of %4 m s51. #f g 0 14 ms5%) calculate (a) the ma:imum height reache( (b) the time ta&en for the stone to return to its original 'osition.

2.: %]

ANALYSING FORCES IN E;UILI$RIU

[ / <0 x 100 =

1. !ill in the blan&s. i) ii) iii) iv) v) !orces that act on an object are sai( to be in .. when the object is . or is moving at . $he net force that acts on an object when two or more forces act on it is &nown as the . When . is reache() the resultant force acting on the object is 2ewton3s . law of motion states that to every . there is an equal but o''osite .. A force can be resolve( into com'onent which are to one another.

1%

@oriAontal c'm'onent !: 0 Dertical com'onent !y 0

%. #n the table below) mar& an( label all the forces that act on the object. i) A bo: is at rest on a table. ii) An object that is sus'en(e( by a ro'e.

iii) An air'lane flying at a constant velocity.

iv) A trolley being 'ushe( at a constant velocity

v)

60 N 4 kg 30 0

A bo: of mass . &g is being 'ulle( by a force of 64 2 at an angle of *4 4 to the surface of a floor. /alculate (a) the com'onentof the force which causes the bo: to move forwar(. (b) the acceleration of the bo: if the frictional force between the floor an( the bo: is 8 2)

"olution -

vi)

A man 'ushes a bo: of mass .4 &g is u' an incline( 'lane. $he incline( 'lane ma&es an angle of *4 4 with the horiAontal floor. $he frictional force acting between the incline( 'lane an( the bo: is 1%4 2. #f the man 'ushes the bo: with a force of .44 2) calculate the acceleration of the bo:.

vii) . &g

"mooth 'ulley

A . &g trolley is connecte( by a ro'e to a loa( of mass 6 &g. $he friction between the table an( the trolley is 18 2. $he loa( is then release(. Assuming that the 'ulley is smooth an( the ro'e is of negligible mass) fin( (a) the resultant force that act on the system (b) the acceleration of the system (c) the tension of the ro'e

6 &g

"olution -

viii)

$wo loa(s of mass * &g an( 8 &g are connecte( by a ro'e which 'asses through a smooth 'ulley. #f the system is release( from rest) calculate the acceleration of the 8 &g loa(. "olution * &g

8 &g

* !orces in equilibrium i

. A bloc& of mass 6 &g is sus'en(e( vertically by a string tie( at E to the string AE<. #f the system is in equilibrium) (raw a vector (iagram (triangle of forces) an( hence (etermine the tension of string EA an( E<.

30

O 6 kg

ii)

A lam' of mass 1.8 &g is hung from a beam as shown in the (iagram. /alculate the tension in the ro'e. "olution-

1. kg

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