Tiu chun vit nam

TCVN 2292:1978

Cng vic sn - Yu cu chung v an ton

Paniting works - General safety requirements
Tiu chun ny p dng i vi cng vic sn dng cho sn cc loi, k c sn dng bt v quy nh nhng yu cu chung v an ton khi chun b v tin hnh sn. Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho cng vic sn trong xy dng, sa cha nh ca, cng trnh. 1. Quy nh chung 1.1. Vic nghin cu, t chc v thc hin cc qu trnh sn phi theo ng quy nh ca TCVN 2288: 1978 v tiu chun ny. 1.2. Qu trnh sn phi m bo an ton trong tt c cc khu sau: a. Chun b b mt ca vt |c sn bao gm: co. r, ty lp sn c, kh du m v bi p nhng ch b g n mn; b. Phun qut cc loi vt liu sn k c vic chun b pha ch sn, c ra lm sch cc thng l|ng, thng cha, cc thit b sn xut, cc dng c v ph|ng tin bo v; c. Sy kh mng sn v lm chy sn bt to mng; d. Gia cng b mt mng sn (mi, nh bng). 1.3. Khi tin hnh cng vic sn phi loi tr kh nng chy, n trn cc thit b cng ngh (bung sn, my mc, dng c), trong cc gian sn xut, bi sn ngoi gian sn xut, ng thi phi loi tr hoc lm gim cc yu t nguy him v c hi trong trong sn xut gii hn cho php. C th: a. n, rung v siu m pht sinh trong qu trnh chun b b mt vt |c sn cng nh| khi thit b thng gi hot ng; b. Bi v kh trong khng kh; c. Nhit ca sn, ca dung mI ra v kh du m, ca hi v kh, ca cc phn trn thit b v vt |c sn; d. m, nhit v s l|u chuyn ca khng kh ch tin hnh sn, trong phn x|ng sn, bung sn; e. Nhng phn dn in khng |c bo v trn thit b chun b b mt, thit b sn in v sn in di ng, thit b sy; f. S ion ho khng kh khu vc sn in; g. C|ng in tr|ngv in tch tnh in pht sinh khi tin hnh sn trong in tr|ng tnh in, khi chuyn sn theo |ng ng, khi khuy, rt v phun sn; h. Cc bc x t ngoi, hng ngoi, alta, bta, guma, rn ghen pht sinh khi thit b sn in hot ng; i. Chuyn ng ca my v nhng b phn chuyn ng ca thit b sn khng |c bo v, cng nh| s di chuyn ca vt |c sn; j. Thnh phn c hi trong cc loi sn v nhng thnh phm khc nh h|ng n sc kho con ng|i;

Tiu chun vit nam

TCVN 2292:1978

k. Cc tia sn x ra do thit b sn bng p lc b h. 2. Yu cu i vi qu trnh cng ngh 2.1. Cng vic sn cn |c tin hnh trong cc phn x|ng sn, bung sn, trong cc thit b chuyn dng hoc bi sn. phi c cc thit b thng gi (ht chung v ht cc b) v cc ph|ng tin phng chng chy. Ti cc thit b sn, bung sn phi c bin php cch li khng cho cc cht c hi trong sn to ra mi tr|ng chung quanh. 2.1.1. H thng thng gi ht cc b ti bung sn, bi sn (phun sn bt), trn thit b mi bng b mt mng sn (mi kh) phi c thit b lng khng lm tc |ng ng dn gi, ng thi phi c kho lin ng m bo sao cho ch phun ra khi thit b thng gi hot ng. 2.1.2. Khi tin hnh sn pha trong cc ngn, mt trong tu thu, toa xe, my bay cc vt |c sn c dung tch ln, phi c thit b thng gi cc b. 2.1.3. i vi nhng vt ln c th tin hnh sn trc tip ti ch lp rp m khng c thit b thng gi chuyn dng, phi thc hin cc yu cu sau: a. Khi tin hnh sn phi ngng cc hot ng khc chung quanh; b. Dng thit b thng gi chung lm thong bung sn; c. S dng dng c v ph|ng tin bo v |ng h hp cho th sn; d. C bin php phng chng chy n. 2.2. Khi thit k phn x|ng mi, ci to phn x|ng c, c kh ho v t ng ho quy trnh cng ngh sn phi loi tr hoc lm gim tc ng ca cc yu t nguy him v c hi trong sn xut. 2.3. Khi nghin cu v thc hin cc quy trnh cng ngh sn, phi c bin php ho, thu gp sn v cc ho cht v|ng vi, ng thi phi c bin php x l n|c nhim c v bi kh tr|c khi thi ra ngoi. 2.4. Khi cung cp nguyn vt liu (dung dch kh du m, dung dch ra, cc loi sn) khng kh nn, nhit nng, in nng ti cc b phn ca thit b sn c nh, trang b cc ph|ng tin bo v cn thit cho cng nhn. i vi thit b cng ngh c dung tch ln hn lm3, phi c b phn x cht lng khi xy ra s c. 2.5. Khi s dng nhng loi sn c cht phng x, phi tin hnh theo ng cc quy nh v v sinh v an ton ban hnh. 3. Yu cu i vi cc bung sn trong phn x|ng v cc khu vc sn 3.1. Cc phn x|ng sn, khu vc sn, cc phng ph phi theo ng cc quy nh v xy dng v v sinh ban hnh. 3.2. Nhit , m t|ng i, tc l|u chuyn ca khng kh trong phm vi lm vic ca bung sn, phn x|ng sn khng |c v|t qu gii hn quy nh. 3.3. Nu v yu cu cng ngh, b phn sn phi i theo dy chuyn cng ngh th cng vic sn c th b tr trong gian sn xut chung, nhng vi iu kin b phn sn phi che chn, t thit b thng gi ht, ng thi cc cng vic trong gian sn xut chung khng c nguy c n, chy. 3.3.1. Khi s dng cc loi sn lng, nu sn c kh nng hnh thnh hn hp chy n th vng bn knh 5m tnh t ch b tr thit b sn kn v cc thng cha vt liu sn |c coi l vng c nguy c chy n.

Tiu chun vit nam 3.3.2.

TCVN 2292:1978

3.4.

3.5. 4. 4.1.

4.2.

4.3.

5. 5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4. 5.5.

5.6. 5.7. 6. 6.1.

Khi dng sn lng sn nhng vt c kch th|c ln trn cc bi sn, phi tin hnh o ngn v b tr thit b ht bi sn, khng kh bn ra khi vng lm vic. Vng c bn knh 5m tnh t mp bn sn, v cao 5m tnh t vt |c sn phi coi l vng c nguy c chy n. Nu trong bung ca phn x|ng sn xut c cc thit b khi lm vic pht sinh ra bi (b phn chuyn bt sn mi kh, nh bng) vi gii hn bc chy l 65g/m3 hoc thp hn th ton b phn x|ng |c coi l phn x|ng sn xut c nguy c chy n. Nu b phn pht sinh ra bi |c cch li vi phn x|ng sn xut chung bng cc vch ngn bi vi gii hn chu la l 0,75 gi th ch c b phn cch li l b phn sn xut c nguy c chy n, ring nhng bung cn li |c coi l an ton. Cc bung trong phn x|ng sn, khu vc sn, kho, ch xp t nhng vt chun b sn, bi sn phi |c trang b cc ph|ng tin phng chng chy theo quy nh. Yu cu i vi nguyn vt liu v bn thnh phm Trong chng t km theo vt liu sn, bt sn, dung mi, cht pha long, cht ng rn, cc bn thnh phm dng ra, kh du m v nh bng phi ghi c th hm l|ng phn trm ca cc cht c bit nguy him v nhng hi c pht sinh khi s dng cc loi . Khi s dng nhng vt liu sn c thng s c tn|ng cho s chy (Nhit bng chy, nhit gii hn chy, nhit t chy, kh nng t bc chy, phm vi, trng l|ng v th tch to thnh s chy), tnh cht c hi, cc bin php phng nga th nhng thng s ny phi nu trong vn bn k thut. Khi ra v kh du m cc chi tit, cc vt |c sn, phi dng nhng cht khng chy v t c hi. Tr|ng hp c bit cn s dng cc cht chy th phi |c s ng ca c quan phng cha chy, ng thi phi c bin php phng chy tch cc v c th Yu cu i vi vic b tr thit bi sn xut v t chc ni lm vic Cc thit b sn xut phi b tri hp l ng|i cng nhn thao tc thun tin v phn tn an ton khi c s c. Gia cc thit b phi m bo khong cch an ton loi tr tc ng nguy him v c hi do cc yu t sn xut gy nn. Chiu rng ca cc li qua li khng |c nh hn 0,7 m. Chiu rng ca li vo tin hnh sa cha, kim tra thit b khng |c nh hn 0,8 m. Cc thit b in dng trong cng vic sn phi trang b ph hp vi nhng phng xp hng v chy n. Vic b tr cng nh| vn hnh cc thit b in phi theo ng cc quy nh v an ton in ban hnh. Khi t chc ni lm vic cho cng nhn, phich n cc yu cu v cng thi hc (ecgonomic) v m bo thao tc thun li. L|ng bi sn x ra khi s dng thit b sn bng kh nn khng |c v|t qu gii hn quy nh. Yu cu i vi vic bo qun, vn chuyn nguyn vt liu v ph liu sn xut Cc loi sn, dung mi, cht pha long, cht ng rn, dung dch kh v ra m, cht nh bng phi |c bo qun trong cc kho ring hoc trong cc tng hm

Tiu chun vit nam

TCVN 2292:1978

(i vi dung mi), phi c thit b thng gi v ph|ng tin phng cha chy. Nhng cht d phn ng vi nhau phi ring bit. 6.2. Cc loi sn v vt liu s dng trong qu trnh chun b b mt ca vt |c sn cn |c chun b tp trung trong nhng phng ring c thit b thng gi v ph|ng tin phng chng chy. 6.2.1. Cc loi sn, dung mi cn thit s dng cho l ngy cn c ni bo qun ring v phi m bo an ton chy n. 6.3. Cc loi sn dung mi, cht pha long, cht ng rn, cc cht dng ch bin dung dch ra kh du m, cht nh bng, phi c chng t km theo. 6.4. Cc thng cha sn (sn nn, sn lt, sn men), dung mi, cht pha long, bn thnh phm phi c nhn hiu, tn gi v dung tch ca n. i vi nhng loi sn pha v nhng vt liu c bit nguy him hoc t|ng i nguy him, phi ghi c th s l|ng hin cn trong thng. Thng cha phi chc chn, khng thng, c np y 6.5. Cc loi sn pha ch sn ch |c |a n ni lm vic bng |ng ng hoc thng c np y kn. 6.6. Nu khng c iu kin |a sn n ni lm vic bng |ng ng th sau khi kt thc cng vic phi thu hi sn, dung mi, cht pha long cn tha vo cc thng kn v trong phng chun b hoc trong kho. Cc vt liu khng cn s dng |c na phi x l. 6.7. Vic c ra cc thng l|ng, thng cha, cc dng c sn phi tin hnh ch quy nh v phi c thit b thng gi. 6.8. Cc thung cha, thng sn, dung mi, cht pha long, matit, nha, cc cht d chy phi y kn v trong kho quy nh, phi c thit b thng gi. Cng c th xp chng ngoi bi, nh|ng bi phi cch xa cc gian sn xut mt khong cch an ton. 6.9. Gi lau sn, lau du m phi tp trung li trong nhng thng kim loi c np, sau mi ca phi mang vo ni quy nh. 7. Yu cu i vi cng nhn vin 7.1. Tt c nhng ng|i tr|c khi vo lm cc cng vic c tip xc vi sn u phi qua khm sc kho s b v sau phi |c kim tra nh k theo quy nh. 7.2. Cng nhn, k s|, k thut vin tr|c khi vo lm vic c tip xc vi sn u phi qua hun luyn, |c h|ng dn v kim tra kin thc v k thut an ton ng thi phi nm |c: a. Cc yu t nguy him v c hi trong sn xut c lin quan n cng vic mnh s lm, cc cht c hi trong thnh phm ca vt liu s s dng, tnh cht v tc dng ca chng i vi c th con ng|i; b. Trnh t cng vic s thc hin v tnh hnh ni lm vic ca mnh; c. K thut an ton v v sinh sn xut, k thut phng chng chy; d. Cc ph|ng php cp cu; e. Cc quy tc v sinh c nhn; f. Cc quy tc s dng ph|ng tin bo v c nhn. Cng nhn vin phi |c h|ng dn li v kim tra kin thc k thut an ton t nht mt nm mt ln.

Tiu chun vit nam 7.3.

TCVN 2292:1978

Mi ln thay i quy trnh cng ngh, thay i thit b, thay i iu kin lm vic cng nh| sau mi ln vi phm quy tc an ton, ngoi k hoch hun luyn nh k phi t chc h|ng dn thm cng nhn v an ton lao ng v k thut phng chng chy. 8. Yu cu i vi vic s dng ph|ng tin bo v c nhn 8.1. Khng |c php cho cng nhn tin hnh cc cng vic sn nu khng c ph|ng tin bo v c nhn ph hp vi yu cu ca TCVN 2291: 1978. 8.2. Vic bo qun, s dng, sa cha nh k, lm v sinh v bo d|ng d phng cc ph|ng tin bo v c nhn phi tin hnh theo ng cc quy nh k thut. 9. Kim tra vic thc hin cc yu cu an ton 9.1. Phi kim tra mt cch c h thng v hm l|ng hi kh, bi c, cc cht chy n, iu kin vi kh hu trong gian lm vic ca cng nhn. Gim c x nghip phi ra ni dung v quy nh thi hn kim tra phn tch mi tr|ng khng kh. 9.1.1. Mi khi s dng cc loi vt liu mi, thay i cng ngh, thay i ch lm vic ci to thng gi, phi tin hnh kho st mi tr|ng khng kh. 9.1.2. Vic kim tra mi tr|ng khng kh theo yu cu v sinh, phi bao gm vic xc nh nng hi, kh v bi trong khng kh, cng nh| vi kh hu vng lm vic. Vic kim tra an ton chy n trong mi tr|ng khng kh cn tin hnh ti ch c nhiu kh nng chy nht hoc ch tp trung nhiu cht d chy. 9.2. Vic kim tra nh k mc an ton ca cc yu t nguy him v c hi trong sn xut, cng nh| trong khi thay i cng ngh sn xut, phi |c tin hnh theo quy nh ca c quan thanh tra Nh n|c.