DNV Os F 101 - 2013

OFFSHORE STANDARD
DET NORSKE VERITAS AS

The electronic pdf version of this document found through http://www.dnv.com is the officially binding version
DNV-OS-F101
Submarine Pipeline Systems
OTO!ER "01#
$ Det N%rs&e Veritas AS O't%ber "01#
Any '%mments may be sent by e-mail t% rules@dnv.com
This service document has been prepared based on available knowledge, technology and/or information at the time of issuance of this document, and is believed to reflect the best of
contemporary technology. The use of this document by others than DNV is at the user's sole risk. DNV does not accept any liability or responsibility for loss or damages resulting from
any use of this document.
FOREWORD
DNV is a (l%bal pr%)i*er %+ &n%,le*(e +%r mana(in( ris&- T%*ay. sa+e an* resp%nsible business '%n*u't is b%t/ a li'ense
t% %perate an* a '%mpetiti)e a*)anta(e- Our '%re '%mpeten'e is t% i*enti+y. assess. an* a*)ise %n ris& mana(ement- Fr%m
%ur lea*in( p%siti%n in 'erti+i'ati%n. 'lassi+i'ati%n. )eri+i'ati%n. an* trainin(. ,e *e)el%p an* apply stan*ar*s an* best
pra'ti'es- T/is /elps %ur 'ust%mers sa+ely an* resp%nsibly impr%)e t/eir business per+%rman'e- DNV is an in*epen*ent
%r(anisati%n ,it/ *e*i'ate* ris& pr%+essi%nals in m%re t/an 100 '%untries. ,it/ t/e purp%se %+ sa+e(uar*in( li+e. pr%perty
an* t/e en)ir%nment-
DNV ser)i'e *%'uments '%nsist %+ am%n( %t/ers t/e +%ll%,in( types %+ *%'uments0
1 Service Specifications. Pr%'e*ural re2uirements-
1 Standards. Te'/ni'al re2uirements-
1 Recommended Practices. 3ui*an'e-
T/e Stan*ar*s an* Re'%mmen*e* Pra'ti'es are %++ere* ,it/in t/e +%ll%,in( areas0
A4 5uali+i'ati%n. 5uality an* Sa+ety 6et/%*%l%(y
!4 6aterials Te'/n%l%(y
4 Stru'tures
D4 Systems
E4 Spe'ial Fa'ilities
F4 Pipelines an* Risers
34 Asset Operati%n
H4 6arine Operati%ns
74 leaner Ener(y
O4 Subsea Systems
84 8n'%n)enti%nal Oil 9 3as
ffshore !tandard DNV"!"#$%$, ctober &%$'
()*N+,! - (.//,NT - 0age '
CHANGES CURRENT
General
T/is *%'ument superse*es DNV-OS-F101. Au(ust "01"-
Te:t a++e'te* by t/e main '/an(es in t/is e*iti%n is /i(/li(/te* in re* '%l%ur- H%,e)er. i+ t/e '/an(es in)%l)e
a ,/%le '/apter. se'ti%n %r sub-se'ti%n. n%rmally %nly t/e title ,ill be in re* '%l%ur-
Main Changes
General
1 E:'essi)e '%nser)atism relate* t% +ra'ture assessment %+ (irt/ ,el*s /as been rem%)e* in Appen*i: A
lea*in( t%0
1 rela:ati%n %+ ,el* repair re2uirements
1 in'rease* installati%n spee*-
1 Ot/er '/an(es0
1 re+eren'e list up*ate*-
1 (eneral up*ate base* up%n +ee*-ba'& +r%m in*ustry-
Sec.4 Design - !a"s
1 3;0<0 lari+y e++e't %+ sele'tin( lar(er p%siti)e t%leran'es-
Sec.# Design i$i% S%a%e Cri%eria
1 ;0"0 6inimum ,all t/i'&ness re2uirement re-,%r*e* t% a)%i* misinterpretati%ns-
1 E11000 Pipe-in-pipe an* bun*les m%)e* +r%m 3"00-
1 E2uati%n =-> '%rre'te*
1 F10<0 lari+i'ati%ns %n '%*e brea&-
Sec.& C!ns%r'c%i!n ine(i(e
1 E10;0 Impli'ati%ns %+ re*u'ti%n in mill test pressure 'lari+ie*-
1 I;000 Table <-">0 Amen*e* by a**in( t ? 1= mm step +%r HF@ pipes-
Sec.)* C!ns%r'c%i!n O++sh!re
1 7#0<0 Pressure test a''ura'y re2uirement m%*i+ie*-
A((en"i, A Frac%'re i$i% S%a%e !+ Gir%h Wel"s
1 3eneral 'lari+i'ati%ns base* %n '%mments +r%m in*ustry-
1 T/e terms A*e+e'tA. A+la,A an* An%t'/A /a)e been *e+ine*-
1 T/e Br 'ut-%++ +%rmula +%r strain base* l%a*in( /as been amen*e* by a**in( limit- T/e Br 'ut-%++ )alue
s/all n%t e:'ee* 1-=-
1 Table A-< +%r assessment %+ sur+a'e brea&in( +la,s /as been amen*e*-
A((en"i, D N!n-Des%r'c%i-e Tes%ing .NDT/
1 !"1"0 Di(ital Ra*i%(rap/y re+eren'e up*ate* t% ISO 1<>#>-"-
In a**iti%n t% t/e ab%)e state* main '/an(es. e*it%rial '%rre'ti%ns may /a)e been ma*e-
E"i%!rial C!rrec%i!ns
()*N+,! - (.//,NT - 0age 1
Ac0n!1le"ge$en%
T/e present re)isi%n %+ DNV-OS-F101 is mainly re+le'tin( +ee*-ba'& +r%m e:perien'e by se)eral '%mpanies
t/at are /ereby a'&n%,le*(e*-
T/e '%mments impr%)e* t/e 2uality an* '%ntent %+ t/is stan*ar* si(ni+i'antly an* t/e e++%rt spent by t/e
'%mmentin( '%mpanies is impressi)e an* /ereby a'&n%,le*(e*- T/e '%mmentin( '%mpanies ,ere Cin
alp/abeti'al %r*er40
Allseas At&ins !P
!uttin( Eur%pipe 7FE
6'Derm%tt Nipp%n Steel 9 Sumit%m% 6etal RambDll
Stat%il Subsea< Tata Steel
Te'/nip T%tal T/e @el*in( Institute CT@I4
@elspun @%%* 3r%up
(ontents - 0age 2
CONTENTS
HAN3ES E 8RRENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
Sec. ) General .............................................................................................................................................. )2
A. General ......................................................................................................................................................................... )2
A 100 Intr%*u'ti%n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1F
A "00 ObGe'ti)es ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1F
A #00 S'%pe an* appli'ati%n ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1F
A ;00 Alternati)e met/%*s an* pr%'e*ures------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1H
A =00 Stru'ture %+ stan*ar*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1H
3. Re+erences .................................................................................................................................................................... 4*
! 100 Appli'ability ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "0
! "00 O++s/%re ser)i'e spe'i+i'ati%ns--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "1
! #00 O++s/%re stan*ar*s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "1
! ;00 Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'es ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "1
! =00 Rules ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ""
! >00 erti+i'ati%n n%tes an* 'lassi+i'ati%n n%tes--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ""
! <00 Ot/er re+eren'es-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ""
C. De+ini%i!ns .................................................................................................................................................................... 45
100 Verbal +%rms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ">
"00 De+initi%ns ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ">
#00 De+initi%ns C'%ntinue*4 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #0
D. A66re-ia%i!ns an" S7$6!ls........................................................................................................................................ 84
D 100 Abbre)iati%ns------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #;
D "00 Symb%ls E latin '/ara'ters ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>
D #00 Symb%ls E (ree& '/ara'ters -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #F
D ;00 Subs'ripts------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #H
Sec. 4 Sa+e%7 9hil!s!(h7 ............................................................................................................................. 4*
A. General ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4*
A 100 ObGe'ti)e------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;0
A "00 Appli'ati%n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;0
3. Sa+e%7 9hil!s!(h7 S%r'c%'re ...................................................................................................................................... 4*
! 100 3eneral ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;0
! "00 Sa+ety %bGe'ti)e--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;0
! #00 Systemati' re)ie, %+ ris&s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;1
! ;00 Desi(n 'riteria prin'iples ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ;"
! =00 5uality assuran'e------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ;"
! >00 Healt/. sa+ety an* en)ir%nment -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;"
C. Ris0 3asis +!r Design .................................................................................................................................................. 44
100 3eneral ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;"
"00 ate(%risati%n %+ +lui*s--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;"
#00 B%'ati%n 'lasses -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;#
;00 Sa+ety 'lasses ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ;#
=00 Reliability analysis---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;;
Sec. 8 C!nce(% an" Design 9re$ise De-el!($en% ................................................................................... 4#
A. General ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4#
A 100 ObGe'ti)e------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;=
A "00 Appli'ati%n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;=
A #00 Systemati' re)ie,----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;=
3. C!nce(% De-el!($en% ................................................................................................................................................. 4#
! 100 %n'ept *e)el%pment ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;=
C. Design 9re$ise ............................................................................................................................................................ 45
100 Hy*rauli' analyses an* +l%, assuran'e -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;>
"00 En)ir%nmental '%n*iti%n------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;<
#00 %lle'ti%n %+ en)ir%nmental *ata------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ;<
;00 En)ir%nmental *ata --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;<
=00 Pipeline r%ute ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ;<
>00 R%ute sur)ey ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;F
<00 Seabe* pr%perties------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ;H
(ontents - 0age 3
D. S7s%e$ Design 9rinci(les............................................................................................................................................ #*
D 100 System inte(rity -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =0
D "00 Pipeline '%ntr%l an* sa+ety system---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =0
D #00 E:ternal '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ="
D ;00 Internal '%nstru'ti%n '%n*iti%ns-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ="
D =00 Internal '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ="
Sec. 4 Design - !a"s................................................................................................................................... #8
A. General ......................................................................................................................................................................... #8
A 100 ObGe'ti)e------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =#
A "00 Appli'ati%n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =#
A #00 Systemati' re)ie,----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =#
A ;00 B%a* s'enari%s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =#
A =00 ate(%risati%n %+ l%a*s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =#
A >00 Desi(n l%a* e++e'ts---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =#
3. F'nc%i!nal !a"s......................................................................................................................................................... #8
! 100 3eneral ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =#
! "00 Pressure l%a*s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =;
C. En-ir!n$en%al !a"s ................................................................................................................................................. ##
100 3eneral ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ==
"00 @in* l%a*s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ==
#00 Hy*r%*ynami' l%a*s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ==
;00 I'e l%a*s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =<
=00 Eart/2ua&e ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =<
>00 /ara'teristi' en)ir%nmental l%a* e++e'ts----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =<
D. C!ns%r'c%i!n !a"s..................................................................................................................................................... #:
D 100 3eneral ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =H
E. ;n%er+erence !a"s ...................................................................................................................................................... 5*
E 100 3eneral ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >0
F. Acci"en%al !a"s ......................................................................................................................................................... 5*
F 100 3eneral ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >0
G. Design !a" E++ec%s .................................................................................................................................................... 5*
3 100 3eneral ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >0
3 "00 /ara'teristi' l%a* --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >0
3 #00 Desi(n l%a* e++e't ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >1
3 ;00 B%a* e++e't 'al'ulati%ns -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >"
Sec. # Design i$i% S%a%e Cri%eria .......................................................................................................... 54
A. General ......................................................................................................................................................................... 54
A 100 ObGe'ti)e------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >;
A "00 Appli'ati%n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >;
A #00 Systemati' re)ie,----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >;
3. S7s%e$ Design Re<'ire$en%s..................................................................................................................................... 54
! 100 Submarine pipeline system lay%ut ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >;
! "00 Pressure test p/il%s%p/y an* 'riteria------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >>
! #00 6%nit%rin(Iinspe'ti%n *urin( %perati%n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ><
C. Design F!r$a% ............................................................................................................................................................. 52
100 3eneral ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >F
"00 Desi(n resistan'e ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ >F
#00 /ara'teristi' material pr%perties ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >H
;00 /ara'teristi' ,all t/i'&ness ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ <1
=00 Stress an* strain 'al'ulati%ns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ <1
D. i$i% S%a%es.................................................................................................................................................................. &4
D 100 3eneral ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <"
D "00 Pressure '%ntainment Cburstin(4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <#
D #00 B%'al bu'&lin( - (eneral ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <#
D ;00 B%'al !u'&lin( E e:ternal %)er pressure %nly Csystem '%llapse4 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- <;
D =00 Pr%pa(ati%n bu'&lin( ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <;
D >00 B%'al bu'&lin( - '%mbine* l%a*in( 'riteria-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <=
D <00 3l%bal bu'&lin( -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <F
D F00 Fati(ue ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <F
D H00 Fra'ture. supplementary re2uirement P an* F an* HIS----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- F0
D 1000 8ltimate limit state E a''i*ental l%a*s---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- F1
D 1100 O)alisati%n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- F1
(ontents - 0age 4
D 1"00 A''umulate* *e+%rmati%n----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- F"
D 1#00 Dent--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- F"
E. S(ecial C!nsi"era%i!ns ............................................................................................................................................... 24
E 100 3eneral ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- F"
E "00 Pipe s%il intera'ti%n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- F"
E #00 3l%bal bu'&lin(--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- F#
E ;00 Free spannin( pipelines an* risers ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- F#
E =00 On b%tt%m stability --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- F#
E >00 Tra,lin( inter+eren'e------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ F;
E <00 T/ir* party l%a*s. *r%ppe* %bGe'ts---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- F=
E F00 Eart/ 2ua&es-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- F=
E H00 T/ermal insulati%n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- F=
E 1000 Settin(s +r%m plu(s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- F=
E 1100 Pipe-in-pipe an* bun*les ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ F=
F. 9i(eline C!$(!nen%s ................................................................................................................................................. 2#
F 100 3eneral ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- F=
F "00 In*u'ti%n ben*s--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FF
F #00 Fittin(s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FF
F ;00 Val)es ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FH
F =00 Insulatin( G%ints--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FH
F >00 Pi( traps -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FH
G. S'((!r%ing S%r'c%'re.................................................................................................................................................. 2:
3 100 3eneral ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FH
3 "00 Riser supp%rts ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H0
3 #00 7-tubes ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H0
3 ;00 Stability %+ (ra)el supp%rts an* (ra)el '%)ers---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H0
H. ;ns%alla%i!n an" Re(air............................................................................................................................................... :*
H 100 3eneral ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H0
H "00 Pipe strai(/tness ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H1
H #00 @ei(/t '%atin(---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H1
Sec. 5 Design - Ma%erials Engineering....................................................................................................... :4
A. General ......................................................................................................................................................................... :4
A 100 ObGe'ti)e------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H"
A "00 Appli'ati%n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H"
A #00 Systemati' re)ie,----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H"
A ;00 D%'umentati%n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H"
3. Ma%erials Selec%i!n +!r ine(i(e an" 9i(eline C!$(!nen%s................................................................................... :8
! 100 3eneral ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H#
! "00 H
"
S ser)i'e --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H#
! #00 %rr%si%n resistant all%ys Cin+%rmati)e4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H#
! ;00 Binepipe Cin+%rmati)e4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H;
! =00 Pipeline '%mp%nents Cin+%rmati)e4--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H=
! >00 !%lts an* nuts------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ H=
! <00 @el*in( '%nsumables Cin+%rmati)e4------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H>
C. Ma%erials S(eci+ica%i!n ............................................................................................................................................... :5
100 3eneral ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H>
"00 Binepipe spe'i+i'ati%n----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H>
#00 %mp%nents spe'i+i'ati%n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- H<
;00 Spe'i+i'ati%n %+ b%lts an* nuts---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HF
=00 %atin( spe'i+i'ati%n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HF
>00 3al)ani' an%*e spe'i+i'ati%n------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ HF
<00 %n'rete '%atin( spe'i+i'ati%n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HF
D. C!rr!si!n C!n%r!l ....................................................................................................................................................... ::
D 100 3eneral ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HH
D "00 %rr%si%n all%,an'e ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HH
D #00 Temp%rary '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HH
D ;00 E:ternal pipeline '%atin(s Cin+%rmati)e4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 100
D =00 at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101
D >00 E:ternal '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l %+ risers Cin+%rmati)e4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10"
D <00 Internal '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l Cin+%rmati)e4 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10#
Sec. & C!ns%r'c%i!n ine(i(e ................................................................................................................ )*#
A. General ....................................................................................................................................................................... )*#
A 100 ObGe'ti)e----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10=
(ontents - 0age 5
A "00 Appli'ati%n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10=
A #00 Systemati' re)ie,--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10=
A ;00 Pr%'ess %+ manu+a'ture------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10=
A =00 Supplementary re2uirements ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10>
A >00 Binepipe spe'i+i'ati%n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10>
A <00 6anu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10>
A F00 6anu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n test ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10<
3. Car6!n Manganese .C-Mn/ S%eel ine(i(e ............................................................................................................ )*2
! 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10F
! "00 Pipe *esi(nati%n ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10F
! #00 6anu+a'turin(--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10F
! ;00 A''eptan'e 'riteria-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 111
! =00 Inspe'ti%n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11=
C. C!rr!si!n Resis%an% All!7 .CRA/ ine(i(e ............................................................................................................ ))2
100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11F
"00 Pipe *esi(nati%n------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11F
#00 6anu+a'turin(--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11H
;00 A''eptan'e 'riteria-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11H
=00 Inspe'ti%n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1"0
D. Cla" !r ine" S%eel ine(i(e ................................................................................................................................... )44
D 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1""
D "00 Pipe *esi(nati%n------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1""
D #00 6anu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1""
D ;00 6anu+a'turin( -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1"#
D =00 A''eptan'e 'riteria-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1";
D >00 Inspe'ti%n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1";
E. H7"r!s%a%ic Tes%ing................................................................................................................................................... )45
E 100 6ill pressure test----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1">
F. N!n-"es%r'c%i-e Tes%ing............................................................................................................................................ )4&
F 100 Visual inspe'ti%n----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1"<
F "00 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin(------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1"<
G. Di$ensi!ns= Mass an" T!lerances........................................................................................................................... )42
3 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1"F
3 "00 T%leran'es--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1"H
3 #00 Inspe'ti%n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1"H
H. Mar0ing= Deli-er7 C!n"i%i!n an" D!c'$en%a%i!n ................................................................................................ )84
H 100 6ar&in(------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1#"
H "00 Deli)ery '%n*iti%n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1#"
H #00 Han*lin( an* st%ra(e --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1#"
H ;00 D%'umentati%n. re'%r*s an* 'erti+i'ati%n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1#"
;. S'((le$en%ar7 Re<'ire$en%s ................................................................................................................................. )84
I 100 Supplementary re2uirement. H"S ser)i'e CS4--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1#"
I "00 Supplementary re2uirement. +ra'ture arrest pr%perties CF4------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1#=
I #00 Supplementary re2uirement. linepipe +%r plasti' *e+%rmati%n CP4-------------------------------------------------------------------- 1#>
I ;00 Supplementary re2uirement. *imensi%ns CD4 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1#<
I =00 Supplementary re2uirement. /i(/ utilisati%n C84 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1#F
Sec. 2 C!ns%r'c%i!n - C!$(!nen%s an" 9i(eline Asse$6lies ................................................................ )4*
A. General ....................................................................................................................................................................... )4*
A 100 ObGe'ti)e----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1;0
A "00 Appli'ati%n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1;0
A #00 Systemati' re)ie,--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1;0
A ;00 5uality assuran'e---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1;0
3. C!$(!nen% Re<'ire$en%s........................................................................................................................................ )4*
! 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1;0
! "00 %mp%nent spe'i+i'ati%n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1;1
! #00 In*u'ti%n ben*s E a**iti%nal an* m%*i+ie* re2uirements t% ISO 1==H0-1------------------------------------------------------- 1;1
! ;00 Fittin(s - a**iti%nal re2uirements t% ISO 1==H0-" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1;"
! =00 Flan(es an* +lan(e* '%nne'ti%ns - a**iti%nal re2uirements t% ISO 1==H0-#--------------------------------------------------- 1;;
! >00 Val)es E a**iti%nal re2uirements t% ISO 1;<"#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1;=
! <00 6e'/ani'al '%nne't%rs-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1;>
! F00 P Is%lati%n G%ints--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1;>
! H00 An'/%r +lan(es-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1;F
! 1000 !u'&lean* +ra'ture arrest%rs--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1;F
(ontents - 0age 6
! 1100 Pi( traps ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1;F
! 1"00 Repair 'lamps an* repair '%uplin(s------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1;F
C. Ma%erials .................................................................................................................................................................... )42
100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1;F
"00 -6n an* l%, all%y steel +%r(in(s an* 'astin(s----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1;H
#00 Duple: stainless steel. +%r(in(s an* 'astin(s---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1;H
;00 Pipe an* plate material-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1;H
=00 !%ltin( materials----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1;H
>00 H
"
S ser)i'e ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1=0
D. Man'+ac%'re .............................................................................................................................................................. )#*
D 100 6anu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n C6PS4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1=0
D "00 F%r(in(-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1=1
D #00 astin( -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1=1
D ;00 H%t +%rmin(------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1=1
D =00 Heat treatment--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1="
D >00 @el*in(------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1="
D <00 NDT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1="
E. Mechanical an" C!rr!si!n Tes%ing ........................................................................................................................ )#8
E 100 3eneral testin( re2uirements ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1=#
E "00 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steels ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1=#
E #00 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r *uple: stainless steels-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1=;
F. 9i(eline Asse$6lies ................................................................................................................................................... )#4
F 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1=;
F "00 6aterials ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1==
F #00 Fabri'ati%n pr%'e*ures. plannin( an* m%bilisati%n------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1==
F ;00 Binepipe temp%rary st%ra(e an* transp%rtati%n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1==
F =00 6aterial re'eipt. i*enti+i'ati%n an* tra'&in(----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1=>
F >00 Hy*r%stati' testin( -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1=>
F <00 @el*in( an* NDT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1=>
F F00 uttin(. +%rmin( an* /eat treatment ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1=<
F H00 Veri+i'ati%n %+ *imensi%ns an* ,ei(/t ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1=<
F 1000 %rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n an* t/ermal insulati%n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1=<
G. H7"r!s%a%ic Tes%ing................................................................................................................................................... )#&
3 100 Hy*r%stati' testin( -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1=<
3 "00 Alternati)e test pressures ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1=F
H. D!c'$en%a%i!n= Rec!r"s= Cer%i+ica%i!n an" Mar0ing .......................................................................................... )#2
H 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1=F
Sec. : C!ns%r'c%i!n - C!rr!si!n 9r!%ec%i!n an" Weigh% C!a%ing......................................................... )5*
A. General ....................................................................................................................................................................... )5*
A 100 ObGe'ti)e----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1>0
A "00 Appli'ati%n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1>0
A #00 Systemati' re)ie,--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1>0
3. E,%ernal C!rr!si!n 9r!%ec%i-e C!a%ings ................................................................................................................. )5*
! 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1>0
! "00 %atin( materials. sur+a'e preparati%n. '%atin( appli'ati%n an* inspe'ti%nItestin( %+ '%atin(------------------------ 1>1
C. C!ncre%e Weigh% C!a%ing ......................................................................................................................................... )5)
100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1>1
"00 6aterials ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1>"
#00 %n'rete mi:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1>"
;00 %atin( appli'ati%n------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1>"
=00 Inspe'ti%n an* testin( --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1>#
D. Man'+ac%'re !+ Gal-anic An!"es............................................................................................................................ )58
D 100 An%*e manu+a'ture------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1>#
E. ;ns%alla%i!n !+ Gal-anic An!"es............................................................................................................................... )54
E 100 An%*e installati%n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1>;
Sec. )* C!ns%r'c%i!n O++sh!re ................................................................................................................ )5#
A. General ....................................................................................................................................................................... )5#
A 100 ObGe'ti)e----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1>=
A "00 Appli'ati%n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1>=
A #00 Systemati' re)ie,--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1>=
A ;00 Installati%n manual-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1>=
(ontents - 0age $%
A =00 5uality assuran'e---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1>=
3. 9i(e asse$6lies !nsh!re............................................................................................................................................ )55
! 100 Pipe assemblies %ns/%re ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1>>
C. 9i(eline R!'%e= 9re-ins%alla%i!n S'r-e7 an" 9re(ara%i!n..................................................................................... )55
100 Pre-installati%n r%ute sur)ey ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1>>
"00 Seabe* preparati%n in'lu*in( s/%re appr%a'/es----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1>>
#00 E:istin( pipelines an* 'ables in'lu*in( 'r%ssin(s-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1><
D. ;ns%alla%i!n S(rea" ................................................................................................................................................... )5&
D 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1><
D "00 Vessels -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1><
D #00 P%siti%nin( systems ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1>F
D ;00 An'/%rin( systems. an'/%r patterns an* an'/%r /an*lin( ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1>F
D =00 Dynami' p%siti%nin( ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1>H
D >00 ranes an* li+tin( e2uipment ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1<0
D <00 Bay)essel arran(ement. layin( e2uipment an* instrumentati%n----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1<0
D F00 6%biliJati%n ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1<"
D H00 5uali+i'ati%n %+ )essel an* e2uipment-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1<"
D 1000 3eneral 'alibrati%n an* testin( ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1<"
D 1100 alibrati%n an* testin( +re2uen'y--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1<#
E. Wel"ing an" N!n-"es%r'c%i-e Tes%ing..................................................................................................................... )&8
E 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1<#
E "00 @el*in(------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1<#
E #00 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin(------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1<;
F. 9i(eline ;ns%alla%i!n .................................................................................................................................................. )&4
F 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1<;
F "00 A**iti%nal re2uirements +%r installati%n met/%* S-Bay ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1<>
F #00 A**iti%nal re2uirements +%r installati%n met/%* 7-Bay------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1<>
F ;00 A**iti%nal re2uirements +%r installati%n met/%*s intr%*u'in( si(ni+i'ant plasti' strains -------------------------------- 1<>
F =00 T%,in(-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1<>
F >00 7-tube pull-in %+ risers --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1<>
F <00 S/%re pull --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1<<
F F00 !u'&le *ete'ti%n ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1<<
F H00 Operatin( limit '%n*iti%ns -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1<F
F 1000 Sp%%ls an* %t/er in-line assemblies installe* separately +r%m pipeline ---------------------------------------------------------- 1<F
G. 9!s%-la7 S'r-e7.......................................................................................................................................................... )&2
3 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1<F
3 "00 Sur)ey re2uirements ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1<H
3 #00 Sur)ey %+ '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n systems------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1<H
H. 9!s%-la7 in%er-en%i!n .Sea6e" in%er-en%i!n an" 9i(eline 9r!%ec%i!n/ .................................................................. )2*
H 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1F0
H "00 Span re'ti+i'ati%n an* pr%te'ti%n spe'i+i'ati%n------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1F0
H #00 Free span re'ti+i'ati%n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1F0
H ;00 Tren'/in(---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1F0
H =00 P%st-installati%n (ra)el installati%n------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1F1
H >00 3r%ut ba(s an* '%n'rete mattresses------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1F1
;. Tie-in .......................................................................................................................................................................... )2)
I 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1F1
I "00 Tie-in %perati%ns ab%)e ,ater--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1F"
I #00 Tie-in %perati%ns bel%, ,ater -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1F"
>. 9re-c!$$issi!ning.................................................................................................................................................... )24
7 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1F"
7 "00 @ater+illin(. 'leanin( an* (au(in(------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1F"
7 #00 System pressure testin(------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1F#
7 ;00 De-,aterin( an* *ryin( ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1F=
7 =00 Systems testin( ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1F=
?. D!c'$en%a%i!n .......................................................................................................................................................... )2#
K 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1F=
. ;ns%alla%i!n $an'al ................................................................................................................................................... )2#
B 100 Installati%n manual-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1F=
B "00 Installati%n pr%'e*ures-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1F<
B #00 Pre-'%mmissi%nin( pr%'e*ures------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1F<
B ;00 %ntin(en'y pr%'e*ures------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1F<
(ontents - 0age $$
Sec. )) O(era%i!ns an" A6an"!n$en% ...................................................................................................... )2:
A. General ....................................................................................................................................................................... )2:
A 100 ObGe'ti)e----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1FH
A "00 S'%pe an* appli'ati%n --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1FH
A #00 Systemati' re)ie, %+ ris&s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1FH
A ;00 Resp%nsibilities------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1FH
A =00 Aut/%rity an* pipeline %perat%r re2uirements -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1H0
A >00 Sa+ety p/il%s%p/y --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1H0
3. C!$$issi!ning .......................................................................................................................................................... ):*
! 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1H0
! "00 Flui* +illin( ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1H0
! #00 Operati%nal )eri+i'ati%n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1H0
C. ;n%egri%7 Manage$en% S7s%e$................................................................................................................................. ):)
100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1H1
"00 Pipeline %perat%r p%li'y------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1H1
#00 Or(anisati%n an* pers%nnel------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1H1
;00 6ana(ement %+ '/an(e------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1H1
=00 Operati%nal '%ntr%ls an* pr%'e*ures ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1H1
>00 %ntin(en'y plans--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1H"
<00 Rep%rtin( an* '%mmuni'ati%n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1H"
F00 Au*it an* re)ie,----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1H"
H00 In+%rmati%n mana(ement ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1H"
D. ;n%egri%7 Manage$en% 9r!cess ................................................................................................................................ ):4
D 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1H"
D "00 Ris& assessment an* inte(rity mana(ement plannin( - e)aluati%n %+ t/reats an* '%n*iti%n---------------------------- 1H#
D #00 Inspe'ti%n. m%nit%rin( an* testin(-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1H#
D ;00 Inte(rity assessment ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1H>
D =00 6iti(ati%n. inter)enti%n an* repairs------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1H>
E. Re-<'ali+ica%i!n......................................................................................................................................................... ):&
E 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1H<
E "00 Appli'ati%n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1HF
E #00 Sa+ety le)el ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1HF
E ;00 System pressure test ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1HF
E =00 Deteri%rati%n ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1HF
E >00 Desi(n 'riteria--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1HH
F. De-c!$$issi!ning ..................................................................................................................................................... )::
F 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1HH
G. A6an"!n$en% ............................................................................................................................................................ )::
3 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1HH
Sec. )4 D!c'$en%a%i!n................................................................................................................................ 4**
A. General ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4**
A 100 ObGe'ti)e----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "00
3. Design......................................................................................................................................................................... 4**
! 100 Stru'tural----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "00
! "00 Binepipe an* pipeline '%mp%nents Cin'lu*in( ,el*in(4----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "01
! #00 %rr%si%n '%ntr%l systems an* ,ei(/t '%atin(------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "01
! ;00 Installati%n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "01
! =00 Operati%n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "01
! >00 DFI-ResumK------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ "0"
C. C!ns%r'c%i!n - Man'+ac%'ring an" Fa6rica%i!n .................................................................................................... 4*4
100 Binepipe an* pipeline '%mp%nent --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "0"
"00 %rr%si%n '%ntr%l system an* ,ei(/t '%atin( -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "0"
#00 DFI-resumK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "0#
D. C!ns%r'c%i!n - ;ns%alla%i!n an" 9re-C!$$issi!ning ............................................................................................. 4*8
D 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "0#
D "00 DFI-ResumK------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ "0#
E. O(era%i!n - C!$$issi!ning ..................................................................................................................................... 4*8
E 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "0#
F. O(era%i!n................................................................................................................................................................... 4*4
F 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "0;
F "00 In-Ser)i'e +ile---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "0;
(ontents - 0age $&
G. A6an"!n$en% ............................................................................................................................................................ 4*4
3 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "0;
H. DF; Res'$@ ............................................................................................................................................................... 4*4
H 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "0;
H "00 DFI resumK '%ntent------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "0=
;. Filing !+ D!c'$en%a%i!n........................................................................................................................................... 4*5
I 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "0>
Sec. )8 C!$$en%ar7 .;n+!r$a%i-e/ ........................................................................................................... 4*&
A. General ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4*&
A 100 ObGe'ti)e----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "0<
3. Sa+e%7 an" Design 9hil!s!(h7 .................................................................................................................................. 4*&
! 100 Sa+ety 'lass *is'ussi%n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "0<
! "00 Stru'tural reliability analyses---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "0<
! #00 /ara'teristi' )alues ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "0F
C. !a"s .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4*2
100 %n)ersi%n %+ pressures------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ "0F
D. Design Cri%eria .......................................................................................................................................................... 4*2
D 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "0F
D "00 %n*iti%n l%a* e++e't +a't%rs----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "0H
D #00 al'ulati%n %+ n%minal t/i'&ness---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "0H
D ;00 Pressure '%ntainment - e2ui)alent +%rmat--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "0H
D =00 Pressure '%ntainment 'riteri%n. *esi(n pressure less t/an 10L bel%, t/e in'i*ental pressure------------------------ "10
D >00 HIPPS an* similar systems ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "10
D <00 B%'al bu'&lin( - '%llapse---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "11
D F00 !u'&le arrest%r -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "1"
D H00 B%'al bu'&lin( - m%ment ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "1"
D 1000 B%'al bu'&lin( - (irt/ ,el* +a't%r -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "1"
D 1100 O)alisati%n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "1"
E. A9; Ma%erial Gra"es ................................................................................................................................................ 4)8
E 100 API material (ra*es------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "1#
F. 9i(e-in-(i(e an" 6'n"les .......................................................................................................................................... 4)8
F 100 Pipe-in-pipe an* bun*les E (eneral ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ "1#
F "00 Desi(n l%a* e++e'ts an* *esi(n limit states------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "1#
F #00 %nstru'ti%n E manu+a'ture ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "1;
F ;00 %nstru'ti%n E %++s/%re ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ "1;
F =00 Operati%n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "1;
G. ;ns%alla%i!n................................................................................................................................................................. 4)#
3 100 Sa+ety 'lass *e+initi%n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "1=
3 "00 %atin(-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "1=
3 #00 Simpli+ie* layin( 'riteria ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "1=
H. Re+erences .................................................................................................................................................................. 4)5
A((. A Frac%'re i$i% S%a%e !+ Gir%h Wel"s ............................................................................................ 4)&
A. General ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4)&
A 100 Intr%*u'ti%n------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "1<
A "00 ObGe'ti)e----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "1F
A #00 Appli'ati%n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "1F
A ;00 Fra'ture t%u(/ness ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "1F
A =00 Re+eren'es--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "1H
3. Assess$en% Ca%eg!ries.............................................................................................................................................. 4):
! 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "1H
C. Generic ECA +!r Gir%h Wel"s s'6Aec%e" %! S%rains ess %han 4.4#B Assesse" Acc!r"ing %! ECA S%a%ic ...... 44)
100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ""1
D. Gir%h Wel"s 'n"er S%rain-6ase" !a"ing Assesse" Acc!r"ing %! ECA S%a%ic - F'll......................................... 44#
D 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ""=
D "00 Assessment met/%*%l%(y --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ""<
E. Use !+ Fini%e Ele$en% .FE/ Frac%'re Mechanics Anal7ses %! Assess Ma,i$'$ All!1a6le Fla1 SiCes............ 484
E 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "#"
E "00 FE m%*el----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "##
(ontents - 0age $'
F. Gir%h Wel"s Assesse" Acc!r"ing %! ECA Fa%ig'e ................................................................................................. 488
F 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "##
F "00 B%,-'y'le +ati(ue --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "#=
G. Tes%ing Re<'ire$en%s ............................................................................................................................................... 48#
3 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "#=
3 "00 Strainin( an* a(ein( ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "#>
H. ECA Dali"a%i!n Tes%ing............................................................................................................................................ 482
H 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "#F
A((. 3 Mechanical Tes%ing an" C!rr!si!n Tes%ing................................................................................. 48:
A. General ....................................................................................................................................................................... 48:
A 100 ObGe'ti)e----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "#H
A "00 Appli'ability ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "#H
A #00 Re+eren'es--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "#H
3. Mechanical Tes%ing an" Che$ical Anal7sis .......................................................................................................... 44*
! 100 3eneral re2uirements t% sele'ti%n an* preparati%n %+ samples an* test pie'es ------------------------------------------------ ";0
! "00 /emi'al analysis --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ";0
! #00 Tensile testin(--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ";0
! ;00 /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't testin(------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ";"
! =00 !en* testin( ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ";"
! >00 Flattenin( test---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ";#
! <00 Dr%p ,ei(/t tear test ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ";#
! F00 Fra'ture t%u(/ness testin( -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ";;
! H00 Spe'i+i' tests +%r 'la* an* line* linepipe ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ";>
! 1000 6etall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n an* /ar*ness testin(-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ";>
! 1100 Strainin( an* a(ein( ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ";<
! 1"00 Testin( %+ pin braJin(s an* alumin%t/ermi' ,el*s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ";<
C. C!rr!si!n Tes%ing...................................................................................................................................................... 442
100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ";F
"00 Pittin( '%rr%si%n test ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ";F
#00 Hy*r%(en in*u'e* 'ra'&in( test------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ";F
;00 Sulp/i*e stress 'ra'&in( test ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ";F
A((. C Wel"ing ........................................................................................................................................... 4#4
A. General ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4#4
A 100 ObGe'ti)e----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "=;
A "00 Appli'ati%n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "=;
A #00 De+initi%ns -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "=;
A ;00 5uality assuran'e---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "==
3. Wel"ing E<'i($en%= T!!ls an" 9ers!nnel ............................................................................................................. 4##
! 100 @el*in( e2uipment an* t%%ls --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "==
! "00 Pers%nnel----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "==
! #00 5uali+i'ati%n an* testin( %+ ,el*in( pers%nnel +%r /yperbari' *ry ,el*in( --------------------------------------------------- "=>
C. Wel"ing C!ns'$a6les .............................................................................................................................................. 4#5
100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "=>
"00 /emi'al '%mp%siti%n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "=<
#00 6e'/ani'al pr%perties--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "=<
;00 !at'/ testin( %+ ,el*in( '%nsumables +%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s ----------------------------------------------------------------------- "=F
=00 S/iel*in(. ba'&in( an* plasma (ases---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "=H
>00 Han*lin( an* st%ra(e %+ ,el*in( '%nsumables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ "=H
D. Wel"ing 9r!ce"'res.................................................................................................................................................. 4#:
D 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "=H
D "00 Pre)i%usly 2uali+ie* ,el*in( pr%'e*ures---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "=H
D #00 Preliminary ,el*in( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ">0
D ;00 @el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n re'%r* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ">0
D =00 @el*in( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ">0
D >00 @el*in( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n +%r repair ,el*in( ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ">0
D <00 %ntents %+ p@PS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ">0
D F00 Essential )ariables +%r ,el*in( pr%'e*ures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ">1
E. E'ali+ica%i!n !+ Wel"ing 9r!ce"'res ...................................................................................................................... 45#
E 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ">=
E "00 Repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ">>
E #00 5uali+i'ati%n %+ (irt/ butt ,el*s an* '%mp%nent l%n(itu*inal ,el*s ,el*in( pr%'e*ures ----------------------------- "><
E ;00 5uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r '%rr%si%n resistant %)erlay ,el*in(-------------------------------------------------- ">F
(ontents - 0age $1
E =00 5uali+i'ati%n %+ pr%'e*ures +%r Pin !raJin( an* Alumin%t/ermi' ,el*in( %+ an%*e lea*s----------------------------- ">H
E >00 5uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r temp%rary an* permanent atta'/ments an* bran'/ ,el*in( +ittin(s t%
linepipe-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ">H
E <00 5uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r stru'tural '%mp%nents----------------------------------------------------------------------- "<0
E F00 5uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r /yperbari' *ry ,el*in(--------------------------------------------------------------------- "<0
F. E,a$ina%i!n an" Tes%ing +!r Wel"ing 9r!ce"'re E'ali+ica%i!n.......................................................................... 4&*
F 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "<0
F "00 Visual e:aminati%n an* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( re2uirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------- "<"
F #00 Testin( %+ butt ,el*s----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "<"
F ;00 Testin( %+ ,el* %)erlay ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ "<;
F =00 Testin( %+ pin braJin( an* alumin%t/ermi' ,el*s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "<=
F >00 Testin( %+ ,el*s +%r temp%rary an* permanent atta'/ments an* bran'/ %utlet +ittin(s t% linepipe----------------- "<=
G. Wel"ing an" 9WHT Re<'ire$en%s......................................................................................................................... 4&#
3 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "<=
3 "00 Pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(. (eneral re2uirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "<=
3 #00 Repair ,el*in(. (eneral re2uirements -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "<<
3 ;00 P%st ,el* /eat treatment ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "<F
3 =00 @el*in( %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ "<F
3 >00 @el*in( an* P@HT %+ pipeline '%mp%nents --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "F0
H. Ma%erial an" 9r!cess S(eci+ic Re<'ire$en%s ......................................................................................................... 42*
H 100 Internally 'la*Iline* 'arb%n steel an* *uple: stainless steel ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- "F0
H "00 1#r 6artensiti' stainless steel ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "F"
H #00 Pin braJin( an* alumin%t/ermi' ,el*in( --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "F"
;. H7(er6aric Dr7 Wel"ing.......................................................................................................................................... 428
I 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "F#
I "00 5uali+i'ati%n an* testin( %+ ,el*in( pers%nnel +%r /yperbari' *ry ,el*in( --------------------------------------------------- "F#
I #00 @el*in( pr%'esses +%r /yperbari' *ry ,el*in( ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ "F;
I ;00 @el*in( '%nsumables +%r /yperbari' *ry ,el*in(------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "F;
I =00 S/iel*in( an* ba'&in( (ases +%r /yperbari' *ry ,el*in(--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "F;
I >00 @el*in( e2uipment an* systems +%r /yperbari' *ry ,el*in( -------------------------------------------------------------------------- "F=
I <00 @el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r /yperbari' *ry ,el*in( ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "F=
I F00 5uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( +%r /yperbari' *ry ,el*in(-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "F>
I H00 5uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r /yperbari' *ry ,el*in(--------------------------------------------------------------------- "F>
I 1000 E:aminati%n an* testin(------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ "F>
I 1100 Pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( re2uirements +%r *ry /yperbari' ,el*in( ------------------------------------------------------------------------- "F>
A((. D N!n-Des%r'c%i-e Tes%ing .NDT/ .................................................................................................... 422
A. General ....................................................................................................................................................................... 422
A 100 ObGe'ti)e----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "FF
A "00 Appli'ability %+ re2uirements --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "FF
A #00 5uality assuran'e---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "FF
A ;00 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( met/%*s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "FF
A =00 Pers%nnel 2uali+i'ati%ns------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ "FH
A >00 Timin( %+ NDT------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "FH
3. Man'al N!n-Des%r'c%i-e Tes%ing an" Dis'al E,a$ina%i!n !+ Wel"s .................................................................. 42:
! 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "FH
! "00 Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ ,el*s--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "H0
! #00 6anual ultras%ni' testin( %+ ,el*s in -6nIl%, all%y steel ,it/ -6nIl%, all%y steel ,el* *ep%sits ---------- "H"
! ;00 6anual ultras%ni' testin( %+ ,el*s ,it/ RA C*uple:. %t/er stainless steels an* ni'&el all%y steel4
,el* *ep%sits----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "H>
! =00 6anual ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ ,el*s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "HF
! >00 6anual li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ ,el*s---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "HH
! <00 6anual e**y 'urrent testin( %+ ,el*s--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "HH
! F00 Visual e:aminati%n %+ ,el*s----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #00
! H00 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r manual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ ,el*s ,it/ n%minal strains M 0-;L an* n% EA-- #00
! 1000 EA base* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s---------------------------------------------- #01
! 1100 Repair %+ ,el*s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #0=
C. Man'al N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing an" Dis'al E,a$ina%i!n !+ 9la%e= 9i(e an" Wel" O-erla7 ............................ 8*#
100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #0=
"00 Plate an* pipe---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #0>
#00 @el* %)erlay----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #0<
;00 Visual e:aminati%n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #0F
=00 Resi*ual ma(netism------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #0F
>00 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r manual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ plate. pipe an* ,el* %)erlay--------------------------------- #0F
D. N!n-"es%r'c%i-e Tes%ing an" Dis'al E,a$ina%i!n !+ F!rgings............................................................................. 8*:
D 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #0H
(ontents - 0age $2
D "00 8ltras%ni' an* ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ -6n an* l%, all%y steel +%r(in(s ---------------------------------------------- #0H
D #00 8ltras%ni' an* li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ *uple: stainless steel +%r(in(s-------------------------------------------------------- #11
D ;00 Visual e:aminati%n %+ +%r(in(s------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #1"
D =00 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r +%r(in(s------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #1"
E. N!n-"es%r'c%i-e Tes%ing an" Dis'al E,a$ina%i!n !+ Cas%ings ............................................................................. 8)8
E 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #1#
E "00 8ltras%ni' an* ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ -6n an* l%, all%y steel 'astin(s----------------------------------------------- #1#
E #00 8ltras%ni' an* li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ *uple: stainless steel 'astin(s -------------------------------------------------------- #1;
E ;00 Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ 'astin(s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #1=
E =00 Visual e:aminati%n %+ 'astin(s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #1=
E >00 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r 'astin(s------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #1=
F. A'%!$a%e" N!n-Des%r'c%i-e Tes%ing....................................................................................................................... 8)5
F 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #1>
F "00 D%'umentati%n %+ +un'ti%n an* %perati%n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #1<
F #00 D%'umentati%n %+ per+%rman'e ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #1<
F ;00 5uali+i'ati%n ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #1<
F =00 E)aluati%n %+ per+%rman'e *%'umentati%n------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #1<
G. N!n-Des%r'c%i-e Tes%ing a% 9la%e an" C!il Mill ..................................................................................................... 8)&
3 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #1<
3 "00 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ -6n steel an* RA plates--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #1F
3 #00 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ RA 'la* -6n steel plate -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #1H
3 ;00 Alternati)e test met/%*s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #1H
3 =00 Disp%siti%n %+ plate an* '%il ,it/ una''eptable laminati%ns %r in'lusi%ns------------------------------------------------------ #1H
3 >00 Visual e:aminati%n %+ plate an* '%il ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #1H
3 <00 A''eptan'e 'riteria an* *isp%siti%n %+ sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns -------------------------------------------------------------------------- #"0
H. N!n-Des%r'c%i-e Tes%ing !+ ine(i(e a% 9i(e Mills ................................................................................................ 84*
H 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #"0
H "00 Suspe't pipe ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #"1
H #00 Repair %+ suspe't pipe--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #"1
H ;00 3eneral re2uirements +%r aut%mate* NDT systems------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #""
H =00 Visual e:aminati%n an* resi*ual ma(netism---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #";
H >00 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ pipe en*s n%t teste* by aut%mate* NDT e2uipment ---------------------------------------------- #"<
H <00 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ pipe en*s----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #"<
H F00 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ seamless pipe---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #"F
H H00 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ HF@ pipe--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #"H
H 1000 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ RA liner pipe ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ##0
H 1100 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ line* pipe---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ##0
H 1"00 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ 'la* pipe ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ##1
H 1#00 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ SA@B an* SA@H pipe----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ###
H 1;00 6anual NDT at pipe mills -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ##>
H 1=00 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ ,el* repair in pipe ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ##H
A((. E A'%!$a%e" Ul%ras!nic Gir%h Wel" Tes%ing.................................................................................. 84*
A. General ....................................................................................................................................................................... 84*
A 100 ObGe'ti)e----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #;0
A "00 Appli'ability ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #;0
A #00 Re+eren'es--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #;0
3. 3asic Re<'ire$en%s................................................................................................................................................... 84*
! 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #;0
! "00 D%'umentati%n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #;1
! #00 S'%pe %+ 2uali+i'ati%n --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #;"
! ;00 8ltras%ni' system e2uipment an* '%mp%nents------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #;"
! =00 alibrati%n Cre+eren'e4 bl%'&s--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #;#
! >00 Re'%r*er set-up------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #;;
! <00 ir'um+erential s'annin( )el%'ity-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #;;
! F00 P%,er supply----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #;;
! H00 S%+t,are ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #;=
! 1000 Re+eren'e line. ban* p%siti%n an* '%atin( 'ut-ba'& ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #;=
! 1100 Re+eren'e line t%%ls------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #;=
! 1"00 Operat%rs----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #;=
! 1#00 Spares---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #;=
! 1;00 Sla)e m%nit%rs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #;>
C. 9r!ce"'re................................................................................................................................................................... 845
100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #;>
D. Cali6ra%i!n .Sensi%i-i%7 Se%%ing/ .............................................................................................................................. 845
D 100 Initial stati' 'alibrati%n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #;>
(ontents - 0age $3
D "00 3ate settin(s------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #;<
D #00 Re'%r*in( t/res/%l*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #;<
D ;00 Dynami' 'alibrati%n------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #;F
D =00 Re'%r*in( %+ set-up *ata ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #;F
E. Fiel" ;ns(ec%i!n ......................................................................................................................................................... 842
E 100 Inspe'ti%n re2uirements------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #;F
E "00 Operati%nal '/e'&s-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #=0
E #00 A*Gustments %+ t/e A8T system----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #=0
E ;00 A''eptan'e 'riteria-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #=1
F. Re-e,a$ina%i!n !+ Wel"s.......................................................................................................................................... 8#4
F 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #="
G. E-al'a%i!n an" Re(!r%ing ........................................................................................................................................ 8#4
3 100 E)aluati%n %+ in*i'ati%ns ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #="
3 "00 E:aminati%n rep%rts------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #="
3 #00 Inspe'ti%n re'%r*s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #="
H. E'ali+ica%i!n .............................................................................................................................................................. 8#8
H 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #=#
H "00 S'%pe----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #=#
H #00 Re2uirements ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #=#
H ;00 Variables ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #=#
H =00 5uali+i'ati%n pr%(ramme---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #=;
H >00 Test ,el*s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #=;
H <00 5uali+i'ati%n testin( ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #=>
H F00 Re+eren'e *estru'ti)e testin(---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #=F
H H00 Analysis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #=F
H 1000 Rep%rtin( ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #=H
;. 9r!Aec% S(eci+ic AUT 9r!ce"'re Dali"a%i!n .......................................................................................................... 8#:
I 100 S'%pe----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #=H
I "00 Assessment-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #=H
>. Dali"i%7 !+ E'ali+ica%i!n........................................................................................................................................... 85*
7 100 Vali*ity ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>0
7 "00 Essential )ariables--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>0
?. De%er$ina%i!n !+ Wa-e Del!ci%ies in 9i(e S%eels.................................................................................................... 85)
K 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>1
K "00 E2uipment --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>1
K #00 Spe'imens --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>1
K ;00 Test met/%*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>1
K =00 A''ura'y ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>"
K >00 Re'%r*in(---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>"
A((. F Re<'ire$en%s +!r Sh!re A((r!ach an" Onsh!re Sec%i!ns......................................................... 858
A. A((lica%i!n................................................................................................................................................................. 858
A 100 ObGe'ti)e----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>#
A "00 S'%pe an* limitati%n ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>#
A #00 Ot/er '%*es ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #>#
A ;00 De+initi%ns -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>;
3. Sa+e%7 9hil!s!(h7 ...................................................................................................................................................... 854
! 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>;
! "00 Sa+ety p/il%s%p/y --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>=
! #00 5uanti+i'ati%n %+ '%nse2uen'e ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>=
C. Design 9re$ise .......................................................................................................................................................... 855
100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>>
"00 R%utin(-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>>
#00 En)ir%nmental *ata ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #><
;00 Sur)ey --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #><
=00 6ar&in(------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #><
D. Design......................................................................................................................................................................... 852
D 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>F
D "00 System *esi(n --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>F
D #00 Desi(n l%a*s------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #>F
D ;00 Desi(n 'riteria--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>F
E. C!ns%r'c%i!n .............................................................................................................................................................. 85:
E 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>H
(ontents - 0age $4
E "00 Binepipe ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ #>H
E #00 %mp%nents an* assemblies ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #>H
E ;00 %rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n an* '%atin(s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #<0
F. O(era%i!n................................................................................................................................................................... 8&*
F 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #<0
G. D!c'$en%a%i!n .......................................................................................................................................................... 8&*
3 100 3eneral -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #<0
HAN3ES E HISTORI ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #<1
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age $5
SECT;ON )
GENERA
A. General
A )** ;n%r!"'c%i!n
)*) T/is stan*ar* (i)es 'riteria an* re'%mmen*ati%ns %n '%n'ept *e)el%pment. *esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n.
%perati%n an* aban*%nment %+ Submarine Pipeline Systems-
A 4** O6Aec%i-es
4*) T/e %bGe'ti)es %+ t/is stan*ar* are t%0
1 ensure t/at t/e '%n'ept *e)el%pment. *esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n. %perati%n an* aban*%nment %+ pipeline systems
are sa+e an* '%n*u'te* ,it/ *ue re(ar* t% publi' sa+ety an* t/e pr%te'ti%n %+ t/e en)ir%nment
1 pr%)i*e an internati%nally a''eptable stan*ar* %+ sa+ety +%r submarine pipeline systems by *e+inin(
minimum re2uirements +%r '%n'ept *e)el%pment. *esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n. %perati%n an* aban*%nment
1 ser)e as a te'/ni'al re+eren'e *%'ument in '%ntra'tual matters bet,een Pur'/aser an* %ntra't%r
1 ser)e as a (ui*eline +%r Desi(ners. Pur'/aser. an* %ntra't%rs-
A 8** Sc!(e an" a((lica%i!n
8*) T/e s'%pe an* appli'ability %+ t/is stan*ar* is (i)en in Table 1-1-
Ta6le )-) Sc!(e an" a((lica%i!n s'$$ar7
General
Systems in t/e petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries are in (eneral *es'ribe* in t/is
table-
F%r submarine pipeline systems t/at /a)e e:tra%r*inary '%nse2uen'es. t/e
2uanti+i'ati%n %+ '%nse2uen'es by t/e t/ree sa+ety 'lasses pr%)i*e* in t/is stan*ar*
may be insu++i'ient. an* /i(/er sa+ety 'lasses may be re2uire*-
1
Phases %n'ept *e)el%pment. *esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n. %perati%n an* aban*%nment
Pipeline Types
Sin(le ri(i* metalli' pipe systems. pipeline bun*les %+ t/e pi((yba'& type an*
pipeline bun*les ,it/in an %uter pipe
"
Pipe-in-pipe
ynamic risers an* '%mpliant risers are '%)ere* by DNV-OS-F"01 ynamic
Risers-
!"tent
Pressure an* +l%,
Pipeline system in su'/ a ,ay t/at t/e +lui* transp%rtati%n an* pressure in t/e
submarine pipeline system is ,ell *e+ine* an* '%ntr%lle*
#
%n'ept *e)el%pment.
*esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n.
%perati%n an*
aban*%nment
Submarine pipeline system
;
Geometry and configuration
Dimensi%ns
N% limitati%n
CE:pli'it 'riteria +%r l%'al bu'&lin(. '%mbine* l%a*in( are %nly (i)en +%r strai(/t
pipes ,it/
1= M DIt
"
M ;=4
%n+i(urati%ns TeeNs. ,yeNs. PBE6 %r PBET. sp%%ls ,/i'/ are inte(rate* part %+ t/e pipeline
@ater *ept/ N% limitati%n. see Se'-= A"01
#oads
Pressure N% limitati%n
Temperature
N% limitati%n
6aterial pr%perties nee* t% be *%'umente* +%r temperatures ab%)e =0
%
an* "0
%

+%r -6n steels an* RAs respe'ti)ely. see Se'-= #00
3l%bal *e+%rmati%ns N% limitati%n
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age $6
A 4** Al%erna%i-e $e%h!"s an" (r!ce"'res
4*) In 'ase alternati)e met/%*s an* pr%'e*ures t% t/%se spe'i+ie* in t/is Stan*ar* are use*. it s/all be
*em%nstrate* t/at t/e %btaine* sa+ety le)el is e2ui)alent t% t/e %ne spe'i+ie* /erein. see Se'-" =00- Su'/
De)iati%ns s/all be +%rmally an* ri(%r%usly Gusti+ie* an* a''epte* by all rele)ant '%ntra'tin( parties-
A #** S%r'c%'re !+ s%an"ar"
#*) T/is Stan*ar* is base* %n limit state *esi(n- T/is implies t/at t/e same *esi(n 'riteria apply t% b%t/
'%nstru'ti%nIinstallati%n an* %perati%n- All stru'tural 'riteria are t/ere+%re (i)en in Se'-=-
#*4 T/e Stan*ar* is %r(anise* as +%ll%,s0
1 Se'-1 '%ntains t/e %bGe'ti)es an* s'%pe %+ t/e stan*ar*- It +urt/er intr%*u'es essential '%n'epts. *e+initi%ns
an* abbre)iati%ns-
1 Se'-" '%ntains t/e +un*amental sa+ety p/il%s%p/y an* *esi(n prin'iples- It intr%*u'es t/e sa+ety 'lass
met/%*%l%(y an* n%rmal 'lassi+i'ati%n %+ sa+ety 'lasses- It (i)es %)erall re2uirements t% systemati' re)ie,
%r 5RA- H%, t/is ,ill a++e't t/e *i++erent p/ases is +urt/er *es'ribe* in subse'ti%ns A#00 in t/e *i++erent
se'ti%ns-
1 Se'-# '%ntains re2uirements t% '%n'ept *e)el%pment. establis/ment %+ *esi(n premises. ,it/ system *esi(n
prin'iples. pipeline sa+ety an* '%ntr%l system. an* '%lle'ti%n %+ en)ir%nmental *ata-
1 Se'-; *e+ines t/e *esi(n l%a*s t% be applie* in Se'-=- It in'lu*es 'lassi+i'ati%n %+ l%a*s int% +un'ti%nal l%a*s
Cin'lu*in( pressure4. en)ir%nmental l%a*s. inter+eren'e l%a*s an* a''i*ental l%a*s- Finally. it *e+ines *esi(n
'ases ,it/ ass%'iate* '/ara'teristi' )alues an* '%mbinati%ns-
1 Se'-= '%ntains re2uirements t% pipeline lay%ut. system test an* mill test- It '%ntains *es'ripti%n %+ t/e
*esi(n CBRFD4 +%rmat an* '/ara'terisati%n %+ material stren(t/ +%r strai(/t pipes an* supp%rts- Desi(n
'riteria +%r t/e *i++erent limit states +%r all p/asesO installati%n. as-lai*. '%mmissi%nin( an* %perati%n. are
(i)en-
1 Se'-> '%ntains materials en(ineerin( an* in'lu*es material sele'ti%n. material spe'i+i'ati%n Cin'lu*in(
re2uire* supplementary re2uirement t% t/e linepipe spe'i+i'ati%n4. ,el*in( an* '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l-
#inepipe $aterial
3eneral
Se'-< A"01
-6n steel linepipe is (enerally '%n+%rmin( t% ISO #1F# Anne: 7 but ,it/
m%*i+i'ati%ns an* amen*ments C";=-===4- 6aterial (ra*e limite* t%. in'lu*in(.
PF0 CDNV ===4-
RA linepipe ,it/ spe'i+i' re2uirements t% ""r an* "=r steel an* 1#r
martensiti' steel-
la* an* line* linepipe-
Supplementary re2uirements +%r s%ur ser)i'e. +ra'ture arrest pr%perties. plasti'
*e+%rmati%n. *imensi%nal t%leran'es an* /i(/ utiliJati%n-
%omponents
!en*s. Fittin(s. Flan(es. Val)es. 6e'/ani'al '%nne't%rs. P Insulatin( G%ints.
An'/%r +lan(e. !u'&le arrest%r. Pi( traps. lamps an* %uplin(s
Desi(n Se'-= F
6aterial an* manu+a'ture Se'-F
&luids
ate(%ries
Table "-1
O
"
pipelines are in (eneral '%)ere* by t/is stan*ar* in line ,it/ ISO1#>"#- T/e
+%ll%,in( aspe'ts nee*s spe'ial attenti%n +%r O
"
pipelinesO
6aterial sele'ti%n
%rr%si%n an* s%ur ser)i'e e)aluati%ns
Operati%n
F%r t/ese aspe'ts. re+eren'e is ma*e t% DNV-RP-7"0"
S%ur ser)i'e 3enerally '%n+%rmin( t% ISO 1=1=>
'nstallation
6et/%*
Se'-10
S-lay. 7-lay. t%,in( an* layin( met/%*s intr%*u'in( plasti' *e+%rmati%ns
Installati%n re2uirements +%r risers as ,ell as pr%te'ti)e an* an'/%rin( stru'tures
are als% in'lu*e*-
14 E:ample %+ e:tra %r*inary '%nse2uen'es may be pristine en)ir%nment an* e:pl%rati%n in ar'ti' 'limate-
"4 8mbili'als inten*e* +%r '%ntr%l %+ subsea installati%ns are n%t in'lu*e* in t/is stan*ar*- In*i)i*ual pipes. ,it/in an umbili'al.
ma*e %+ materials appli'able t% t/is stan*ar*. may be *esi(ne* a''%r*in( t% t/is stan*ar*-
#4 Di++erent parts %+ t/e pipeline system may be *esi(ne* t% *i++erent '%*es- It is imp%rtant t% i*enti+y *i++eren'es bet,een t/ese at
an early sta(e an* assess t/ese- E:amples %+ '%n+li'tin( re2uirements areO pressure *e+initi%ns an* system test pressure
re2uirements-
;4 T/e %perat%r may apply t/is stan*ar* %n sub-sets %+ t/e limits %+ t/is stan*ar*- Typi'al e:ample %+ e:'lu*e* items is smaller
*iameter pipin( su'/ as &i'&er lines an* *esi(ns t/ese t% e-(- ISO 1=>;H-
Ta6le )-) Sc!(e an" a((lica%i!n s'$$ar7 .C!n%in'e"/
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age &%
1 Se'-< '%ntains re2uirements t% linepipe- T/e re2uirements t% -6n steels are base* %n ISO #1F#- T/e
se'ti%n als% in'lu*es re2uirements t% RAs an* line*I'la* pipe-
1 Se'-F '%ntains re2uirements t% materials. manu+a'ture an* +abri'ati%n %+ '%mp%nents an* assemblies-
Stru'tural re2uirements t% t/ese '%mp%nents are (i)en in Se'-= F-
1 Se'-H '%ntains re2uirements t% '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n an* ,ei(/t '%atin(-
1 Se'-10 '%ntains re2uirements t% %++s/%re '%nstru'ti%n in'lu*in( installati%n. pre- an* p%st-inter)enti%n an*
pre-'%mmissi%nin(-
1 Se'-11 '%ntains re2uirements t% %perati%n in'lu*in( '%mmissi%nin(. inte(rity mana(ement. repair. re-
2uali+i'ati%n. *e-'%mmissi%nin( an* aban*%nment %+ t/e submarine pipeline system-
1 Se'-1" '%ntains re2uirements t% *%'umentati%n +%r t/e submarine pipeline system +r%m '%n'ept
*e)el%pment t% aban*%nment-
1 Se'-1# is an in+%rmati)e se'ti%n ,/i'/ *is'usses se)eral aspe'ts %+ t/e stan*ar*-
1 T/e appen*i'es are a '%mpuls%ry part %+ t/e stan*ar*-
1 Appen*i: A '%ntains t/e re2uirements t% Fra'ture Assessment %+ (irt/ ,el*s- It in'lu*es met/%*%l%(y.
material '/ara'terisati%n an* testin( re2uirements-
1 Appen*i: ! *etails t/e re2uirements t% materials testin( in'lu*in( me'/ani'al an* '%rr%si%n testin( as ,ell
as '/emi'al analysis-
1 Appen*i: '%ntains re2uirements t% ,el*in( in'lu*in( 2uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures an*
'%nstru'ti%n ,el*in(-
1 Appen*i: D '%ntains re2uirements t% N%n-Destru'ti)e Testin( CNDT4 e:'ept Aut%mate* 8ltras%ni'
Testin( CA8T4 %+ (irt/ ,el*s-
1 Appen*i: E '%ntains re2uirements t% A8T %+ (irt/ ,el*s-
1 Appen*i: F '%ntains sele'te* re2uirements t% %ns/%re parts %+ t/e submarine pipeline system-
#*8 r%ss re+eren'es are ma*e as0
1 nnn ,it/in t/e same sub-se'ti%n Ce-(- =1"4
1 P %r Pnnn t% an%t/er sub-se'ti%n ,it/in t/e same se'ti%n Ce-(- . =00 %r =1"4
1 Se'ti%n m. Se'ti%n m P %r Se'ti%n m Pnnn t% se'ti%n. sub-se'ti%n %r para(rap/ %utsi*e t/e 'urrent se'ti%n
Ce-(- Se'-=. Se'-= . Se'-= =00 %r Se'-= =1"4-
@/ere m an* nnn *en%tes numbers an* P letter-
#*4 A**iti%nal re2uirements %r m%*i+ie* re2uirements '%mpare* t% t/e state* ISO stan*ar*s are *en%te* by
AR %r MR by t/e en* %+ t/e para(rap/- T/is applies t% Se'-< ! an* Se'-H -
#*# 6%*i+ie* re2uirements '%mpare* t% t/e state* ISO stan*ar*s are (i)en in t/is stan*ar* by statin( t/e ISO
para(rap/ number in bra'&ets pri%r t% t/e m%*i+ie* re2uirements- T/is applies t% Se'-F-
#*5 3ui*an'e N%tes pr%)i*e a**iti%nal in+%rmati%n. 'lari+i'ati%n %r e:amples t% t/e para(rap/ in %r*er t%
in'rease t/e un*erstan*in( %+ t/e re2uirement- 3ui*an'e N%tes are n%t bin*in(-
3. Re+erences
3 )** A((lica6ili%7
)*) T/e +%ll%,in( stan*ar*s in'lu*e pr%)isi%ns ,/i'/. t/r%u(/ re+eren'e in t/e te:t '%nstitute pr%)isi%ns %+
t/is %++s/%re stan*ar*-
)*4 Re+eren'es are eit/er *e+ine* as n%rmati)e %r in+%rmati)e- N%rmati)e re+eren'es in t/is *%'ument are
in*ispensable +%r its appli'ati%n- In+%rmati)e re+eren'es pr%)i*e a**iti%nal in+%rmati%n inten*e* t% assist t/e
un*erstan*in( %r use %+ t/e *%'ument-
G'i"ance n!%eF
N%rmati)e re+eren'es are typi'ally re+erre* t% as Qtestin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO :::N. ,/ile
in+%rmati)e re+eren'es are typi'ally re+erre* t% as Qtestin( may be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO ::: %r ISO
yyyyN. %r Q+%r testin(. re+eren'e is (i)en t% DNV-RP-F :::N-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*8 In 'ase %+ '%n+li't bet,een re2uirements %+ t/is stan*ar* an* a re+eren'e* DNV O++s/%re %*e. t/e
re2uirements %+ t/e '%*e ,it/ t/e latest re)isi%n *ate s/all pre)ail-
G'i"ance n!%eF
DNV O++s/%re '%*e means any DNV O++s/%re Ser)i'e Spe'i+i'ati%n. DNV O++s/%re Stan*ar*. DNV O++s/%re
Re'%mmen*e* Pra'ti'e. DNV 3ui*eline %r DNV lassi+i'ati%n N%te-
Any '%n+li't is inten*e* t% be rem%)e* in ne:t re)isi%n %+ t/at *%'ument-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*4 @/ere re+eren'e is ma*e t% '%*es %t/er t/an DNV *%'uments. t/e )ali* re)isi%n s/%ul* be ta&en as t/e
re)isi%n ,/i'/ ,as 'urrent at t/e *ate %+ issue %+ t/is stan*ar*-
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age &$
)*# In 'ase %+ '%n+li't bet,een re2uirements %+ t/is '%*e an* '%*e %t/er t/an a DNV *%'ument. t/e
re2uirements %+ t/is '%*e s/all pre)ail-
)*5 T/is stan*ar* is inten*e* t% '%mply ,it/ t/e ISO stan*ar* 1#>"#0 Petroleum and natural gas industries
( Pipeline transportation systems. spe'i+yin( +un'ti%nal re2uirements +%r %++s/%re pipelines an* risers-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e +%ll%,in( maG%r *e)iati%ns t% ISO 1#>"# stan*ar* are &n%,n0
- T/is stan*ar* all%,s /i(/er utilisati%n +%r +lui* 'ate(%ry A an* pipelines- T/is stan*ar* is /ere in '%mplian'e
,it/ ISO1><0F-
- F%r *esi(n li+e less t/an ## years. a m%re se)ere en)ir%nmental l%a* is spe'i+ie* in t/is stan*ar*. in a(reement ,it/
ISO1><0F-
- applyin( t/e supplementary re2uirements 8. +%r in'rease* utilisati%n. t/is stan*ar* all%,s ;L /i(/er pressure
'%ntainment utilisati%n t/an ISO 1#>"#-
- t/e e2ui)alent stress 'riteri%n in ISO 1#>"# s%metimes all%,s /i(/er utilisati%n t/an t/is stan*ar*-
- re2uirements t% system pressure test Cpressure test4-
- min%r *i++eren'es may appear *epen*in( %n /%, t/e pipeline /as been *e+ine* in sa+ety 'lasses. ISO 1#>"# *%es
n%t use t/e '%n'ept %+ sa+ety 'lasses-
T/is stan*ar* re2uires t/at t/e manu+a'ture %+ line pipe an* '%nstru'ti%n is per+%rme* t% t/is stan*ar*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*& T/e re2uirements t% -6n steel linepipe %+ t/is stan*ar* in'lu*e amen*ments an* m%*i+i'ati%ns t/at are
a**iti%nal t% ISO #1F#-
3 4** O++sh!re ser-ice s(eci+ica%i!ns
T/e latest re)isi%n %+ t/e +%ll%,in( *%'uments applies0
3 8** O++sh!re s%an"ar"s
T/e +%ll%,in( *%'uments '%ntain pr%)isi%ns ,/i'/. t/r%u(/ re+eren'e in t/is te:t. '%nstitute pr%)isi%ns %+ t/is
O++s/%re Stan*ar*- T/e latest re)isi%n %+ t/e +%ll%,in( *%'ument applies-
3 4** Rec!$$en"e" (rac%ices
DNV-OSS-#01 erti+i'ati%n an* Veri+i'ati%n %+ Pipelines
DNV-OSS-#0" O++s/%re Riser Systems
DNV-DSS-;01 Te'/n%l%(y 5uali+i'ati%n 6ana(ement
DNV-OS-A101 Sa+ety Prin'iples an* Arran(ements
DNV-OS-101 Desi(n %+ O++s/%re Steel Stru'tures. 3eneral CBRFD met/%*4
DNV-OS-=01 %mp%site %mp%nents
DNV-OS-D#01 Fire Pr%te'ti%n
DNV-OS-E"01 Oil an* 3as Pr%'essin( Systems
DNV-OS-E#01 P%siti%n 6%%rin(
DNV-OS-F"01 Dynami' Risers
DNV-OS-H101 6arine Operati%ns. 3eneral
DNV-RP-A"0# Te'/n%l%(y 5uali+i'ati%n
DNV-RP-!;01 at/%*i' Pr%te'ti%n Desi(n
DNV-RP-"0# Fati(ue Desi(n %+ O++s/%re Steel Stru'tures
DNV-RP-"0= En)ir%nmental %n*iti%ns an*
En)ir%nmental B%a*s
DNV-RP-F101 %rr%*e* Pipelines
DNV-RP-F10" Pipeline Fiel* 7%int %atin( 9 Fiel* Repair %+ Binepipe %atin(
DNV-RP-F10# at/%*i' Pr%te'ti%n %+ Submarine Pipelines by 3al)ani' An%*es
DNV-RP-F10= Free Spannin( Pipelines
DNV-RP-F10> Fa't%ry applie* pipeline '%atin(s +%r '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l
DNV-RP-F10< Ris& Assessment %+ Pipeline Pr%te'ti%n
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age &&
3 #** R'les
3 5** Cer%i+ica%i!n n!%es an" classi+ica%i!n n!%es
3 &** O%her re+erences
DNV-RP-F10F Fra'ture %ntr%l +%r Pipeline Installati%n 6et/%*s Intr%*u'in( y'li' Plasti' Strain
DNV-RP-F10H On-b%tt%m Stability Desi(n %+ Submarine Pipelines
DNV-RP-F110 3l%bal !u'&lin( %+ Submarine Pipelines - Stru'tural Desi(n *ue t% Hi(/ TemperatureI
Hi(/ Pressure
DNV-RP-F111 Inter+eren'e bet,een Tra,l 3ear an* Pipelines
DNV-RP-F11" Desi(n %+ Duple: Stainless Steel Subsea E2uipment E:p%se* t% at/%*i' Pr%te'ti%n
DNV-RP-F11# Pipeline Subsea Repair
DNV-RP-F11> Inte(rity 6ana(ement %+ Submarine Pipeline Systems
DNV-RP-F11F Pipe 3irt/ @el* A8T System 5uali+i'ati%n an* Pr%Ge't Spe'i+i' Pr%'e*ure Vali*ati%n
DNV-RP-F"0; Riser Fati(ue
DNV-RP-H101 Ris& 6ana(ement in 6arine an* Subsea Operati%ns
DNV-RP-H10" 6arine Operati%ns *urin( Rem%)al %+ O++s/%re Installati%ns
DNV-RP-H10# 6%*ellin( an* analyses %+ 6arine Operati%ns
DNV-RP-7"0" Desi(n an* Operati%n %+ O" Pipelines
DNV-RP-O=01 Er%si)e @ear in Pipin( Systems - Summary
DNV Rules +%r lassi+i'ati%n %+ Hi(/ Spee*. Bi(/t ra+t an* Na)al Sur+a'e ra+t
DNV N 1-" %n+%rmity erti+i'ati%n Ser)i'es. Type Appr%)al
DNV N 1-= %n+%rmity erti+i'ati%n Ser)i'es. Appr%)al %+ 6anu+a'turers. 6etalli' 6aterials
DNV N < N%n Destru'ti)e Testin(
DNV N #0-; F%un*ati%ns
DNV N #0-> Stru'tural Reliability Analysis %+ 6arine Stru'tures
API RP =B1 Re'%mmen*e* Pra'ti'e +%r Railr%a* transp%rtati%n %+ Bine Pipe
API RP =B@ Re'%mmen*e* Pra'ti'e +%r Transp%rtati%n %+ Bine Pipe %n !ar(es an* 6arine Vessels
API RP 1<N Subsea Pr%*u'ti%n System Reliability an* Te'/ni'al Ris& 6ana(ement. First E*iti%n
API RP ""01 Sa+e H%t Tappin( Pra'ti'es in t/e Petr%leum 9 Petr%'/emi'al In*ustries-Fi+t/ E*iti%n
API Spe' >FA Spe'i+i'ati%n +%r Fire Test +%r Val)es-T/ir* E*iti%nO Errata 1"I1FI"00>
AS6E !1>-H Fa't%ry-6a*e @r%u(/t !utt,el*in( Fittin(s
AS6E !#1-# Pr%'ess Pipin(
AS6E !#1-; Pipeline Transp%rtati%n Systems +%r Bi2ui* Hy*r%'arb%ns an* Ot/er Bi2ui*s
AS6E !#1-F 3as Transmissi%n an* Distributi%n Systems
AS6E !PV-V !%iler an* Pressure Vessel %*e Se'ti%n V - N%n-*estru'ti)e E:aminati%n
AS6E !PV-VIII-1 !%iler an* Pressure Vessel %*e Se'ti%n VIII - Di)- 1 - Rules +%r %nstru'ti%n %+
Pressure Vessels
AS6E !PV-VIII-" !%iler an* Pressure Vessel %*e Se'ti%n VIII - Di)- " - Rules +%r %nstru'ti%n %+
Pressure Vessels - Alternati)e Rules
ASNT Ameri'an S%'iety +%r N%n*estru'ti)e Testin(- entral erti+i'ati%n Pr%(ram CAP4-
AST6 A H>1 Stan*ar* Spe'i+i'ati%n +%r %mm%n Re2uirements +%r Steel Flan(es. F%r(e* Fittin(s.
Val)es. an* Parts +%r Pipin( Appli'ati%ns
AST6 A#<0 Stan*ar* Test 6et/%*s an* De+initi%ns +%r 6e'/ani'al Testin( %+ Steel Pr%*u'ts
AST6 A#FF Stan*ar* Pra'ti'e +%r 8ltras%ni' E:aminati%n %+ Steel F%r(in(s
AST6 A=<< Stan*ar* spe'i+i'ati%n +%r 8ltras%ni' An(le-!eam E:aminati%n %+ Steel Plates
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age &'
AST6 A=<F Stan*ar* Spe'i+i'ati%n +%r Strai(/t-!eam 8ltras%ni' E:aminati%n %+ R%lle* Steel
Plates +%r Spe'ial Appli'ati%ns
AST6 A>0H Stan*ar* Pra'ti'e +%r astin(s. arb%n. B%, All%y. an* 6artensiti' Stainless Steel.
8ltras%ni' E:aminati%n T/ere%+
AST6 ## Stan*ar*s spe'i+i'ati%n +%r '%n'rete a((re(ates
AST6 D >H= Stan*ar* Test 6et/%* +%r %mpressi)e Pr%perties %+ Ri(i* Plasti's
AST6 E 1>= Stan*ar* Pra'ti'e +%r Bi2ui* Penetrant E:aminati%n +%r 3eneral In*ustry
AST6 E "F0 Stan*ar* Re+eren'e Ra*i%(rap/s +%r Hea)y-@alle* C; 1I" t% 1"-in- C11; t% #0=-mm44
Steel astin(s
AST6 E #0H Stan*ar* Pra'ti'e +%r E**y-urrent E:aminati%n %+ Steel Tubular pr%*u'ts 8sin(
6a(neti' Saturati%n
AST6 E #1< Stan*ar* Pra'ti'e +%r E)aluatin( Per+%rman'e /ara'teristi's %+ Pulse-E'/% Testin(
Instruments an* Systems @it/%ut t/e 8se %+ Ele'tr%ni' 6easurement Instruments
AST6 E ;"> Stan*ar* Pra'ti'e +%r Ele'tr%ma(neti' CE**y urrent4 E:aminati%n %+ Seamless an*
@el*e* Tubular Pr%*u'ts. Austeniti' Stainless Steel an* Similar All%ys
AST6 E <0H Stan*ar* 3ui*e +%r 6a(neti' Parti'le E:aminati%n
AST6 E <H< Stan*ar* Pra'ti'e +%r 6easurin( T/i'&ness by 6anual 8ltras%ni' Pulse-E'/% %nta't
6et/%*
AST6 E1"1" Stan*ar* Pra'ti'e +%r 5uality 6ana(ement Systems +%r N%n-*estru'ti)e Testin(
A(en'ies
AST6 E1;1< Stan*ar* Pra'ti'e +%r Bi2ui* Penetrant E:aminati%n
AST6 E1;;; Stan*ar* Pra'ti'e +%r 6a(neti' Parti'le E:aminati%n
AST6 3 ;F Stan*ar* Test 6et/%*s +%r Pittin( an* re)i'e %rr%si%n Resistan'e %+ Stainless Steels
an* Relate* All%ys by 8se %+ Ferri' /l%ri*e S%luti%n
A@S =-# Re'%mmen*e* Pra'ti'es +%r Air arb%n Ar' 3%u(in( an* uttin(
!SI !S <H10 3ui*e t% met/%*s +%r assessin( t/e a''eptability %+ +la,s in metalli' stru'tures
!SI PD ==00 Spe'i+i'ati%n +%r un+ire* +usi%n ,el*e* pressure )essels
EN "F<-1 5uali+i'ati%n test %+ ,el*ers - Fusi%n ,el*in( - Part 10Steels
EN =F#-> N%n *estru'ti)e testin( - 8ltras%ni' e:aminati%n Part > - Time-%+- +li(/t *i++ra'ti%n
te'/ni2ue as a met/%* +%r *ete'ti%n an* siJin( %+ *is'%ntinuities
EN 1;1F @el*in( pers%nnel - Appr%)al testin( %+ ,el*in( %perat%rs +%r +usi%n ,el*in( an*
resistan'e ,el* setters +%r +ully me'/aniJe* an* aut%mati' ,el*in( %+ metalli'
materials
EN 1=H1-1 Flan(es an* t/eir G%ints - Desi(n rules +%r (as&ete* 'ir'ular +lan(e '%nne'ti%ns - Part
10 al'ulati%n met/%*
EN 1HHF Eur%'%*e F0 Desi(n %+ stru'tures +%r eart/2ua&e resistan'e
EN 10"0; 6etalli' pr%*u'ts - Types %+ inspe'ti%n *%'uments
EN 1">>F-1 N%n *estru'ti)e testin( - /ara'terisati%n an* )eri+i'ati%n %+ ultras%ni' e:aminati%n
e2uipment- Part 10 Instruments
EN 1">>F-" N%n *estru'ti)e testin( - /ara'terisati%n an* )eri+i'ati%n %+ ultras%ni' e:aminati%n
e2uipment- Part "0 Pr%bes
EN 1">>F-# N%n *estru'ti)e testin( - /ara'terisati%n an* )eri+i'ati%n %+ ultras%ni' e:aminati%n
e2uipment- Part0 #0 %mbine* e2uipment
EN 1#;;= 8n+ire* pressure )essels - Part #0 Desi(n
EN ISO 1;1<= @el*in( '%nsumables - 3ases an* (as mi:tures +%r +usi%n ,el*in( an* allie* pr%'esses
IE >1=11 Sa+ety Instrumente* Systems +%r t/e Pr%'ess In*ustry Se't%r. First E*iti%n. "00#
I6A 61;0 DP Operati%ns 3ui*an'e. Part 1
I6O Res- A-10;< C"<4 Prin'iples %+ sa+e mannin(
I6O 6SIir'->;= 3ui*elines +%r Vessels ,it/ Dynami' P%siti%nin( Systems
ISO 1;F 6etalli' materials E /arpy pen*ulum impa't test
ISO ";00 @el*s in steel E Re+eren'e bl%'& +%r t/e 'alibrati%n %+ e2uipment +%r ultras%ni'
e:aminati%n
ISO #1F# Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries - Steel pipe +%r pipeline transp%rtati%n systems
ISO #;="-1 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( E Penetrant testin( E Part 10 3eneral prin'iples
ISO #;="-" N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( E Penetrant testin( E Part "0 Testin( %+ penetrant materials
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age &1
ISO #;="-# N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( E Penetrant testin( E Part #0 Re+eren'e test bl%'&s
ISO #;="-; N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( E Penetrant testin( E Part ;0 E2uipment
ISO #;="-= N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( E Penetrant testin( E Part =0 Penetrant testin( at temperatures
/i(/er t/an =0 *e(rees
ISO #;="-> N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( E Penetrant testin( E Part >0 Penetrant testin( at temperatures
l%,er t/an 10 *e(rees
ISO #>H0 @el*in( an* allie* pr%'esses E Determinati%n %+ /y*r%(en '%ntent in +erriti' steel ar'
,el* metal
ISO #F#;-" 5uality re2uirements +%r +usi%n ,el*in( %+ metalli' materials E Part "0 %mpre/ensi)e
2uality re2uirements
ISO ;0># @el*in( an* allie* pr%'esses E N%men'lature %+ pr%'esses an* re+eren'e numbers
ISO ;1"> Sa+ety *e)i'es +%r pr%te'ti%n a(ainst e:'essi)e pressure
ISO ;1#> Destru'ti)e tests %n ,el*s in metalli' materials E Trans)erse tensile test
ISO =1<# Destru'ti)e tests %n ,el*s in metalli' materials E !en* tests
ISO =1<F Destru'ti)e tests %n ,el*s in metalli' materials E B%n(itu*inal tensile test %n ,el*
metal in +usi%n ,el*e* G%ints
ISO =F1< @el*in( - Fusi%n-,el*e* G%ints in steel. ni'&el. titanium an* t/eir all%ys Cbeam
,el*in( e:'lu*e*4 - 5uality le)els +%r imper+e'ti%ns
ISO >=0< 6etalli' materials E Vi'&ers /ar*ness test
ISO >F;< @el*in( '%nsumables - Dep%siti%n %+ a ,el* metal pa* +%r '/emi'al analysis
ISO >FH" 6etalli' materials E Tensile testin(
ISO >H;< @el*in( an* allie* pr%'esses E @el*in( p%siti%ns
ISO <00=-1 6etalli' +lan(es E Part 10 Steel Flan(es
ISO <H># N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( E 8ltras%ni' testin( E Spe'i+i'ati%n +%r 'alibrati%n bl%'& N%- "
ISO F=01-1 Preparati%n %+ steel substrates be+%re appli'ati%n %+ paints an* relate* pr%*u'ts E
Visual assessment %+ sur+a'e 'leanliness E Part 10 Rust (ra*es an* preparati%n (ra*es
%+ un'%ate* steel substrates an* %+ steel substrates a+ter %)erall rem%)al %+ pre)i%us
'%atin(s
ISO H000 5uality mana(ement systems E Fun*amentals an* )%'abulary
ISO H001 5uality mana(ement systems E Re2uirements
ISO H>0>-1 Appr%)al testin( %+ ,el*ers E Fusi%n ,el*in( E Part 10 Steels
ISO H<1" N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( E 5uali+i'ati%n an* 'erti+i'ati%n %+ pers%nnel
ISO H<>H Steel an* ir%n E Re)ie, %+ a)ailable met/%*s %+ analysis
ISO HH#;-1 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( E 6a(neti' parti'le testin( E Part 10 3eneral prin'iples
ISO HH#;-" N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( E 6a(neti' parti'le testin( E Part "0 Dete'ti%n me*ia
ISO HH#;-# N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( E 6a(neti' parti'le testin( E Part #0 E2uipment
ISO 10#<= N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( E 8ltras%ni' inspe'ti%n E /ara'teriJati%n %+ sear'/ unit an*
s%un* +iel*
ISO 10;<; Steel an* steel pr%*u'ts - Inspe'ti%n *%'uments
ISO 10FH#- " N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes E Part "0 Aut%mate* e**y 'urrent testin( %+
seamless an* ,el*e* Ce:'ept submer(e* ar'-,el*e*4 steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+
imper+e'ti%ns
ISO 10FH#- # N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes E Part #0 Aut%mate* +ull perip/eral +lu: lea&a(e
testin( %+ seamless an* ,el*e* Ce:'ept submer(e* ar'-,el*e*4 +err%ma(neti' steel
tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal an*I%r trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns
ISO 10FH#- ; N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes E Part ;0 Bi2ui* penetrant inspe'ti%n %+ seamless
an* ,el*e* steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns
ISO 10FH#- = N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes E Part =0 6a(neti' parti'le inspe'ti%n %+ seamless
an* ,el*e* +err%ma(neti' steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns
ISO 10FH#- > N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes E Part >0 Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ t/e ,el* seam
%+ ,el*e* steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns
ISO 10FH#- < N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes E Part <0 Di(ital ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ t/e ,el*
seam %+ ,el*e* steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns
ISO 10FH#- F N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes E Part F0 Aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( %+
seamless an* ,el*e* steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns
ISO 10FH#- H N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes E Part H0 Aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( +%r t/e
*ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns in stripIplate use* +%r t/e manu+a'ture %+ ,el*e*
steel tubes
ISO 10FH#-10 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes E Part 100 Aut%mate* +ull perip/eral ultras%ni'
testin( %+ seamless an* ,el*e* Ce:'ept submer(e* ar'-,el*e*4 steel tubes +%r t/e
*ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal an*I%r trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns
ISO 10FH#-11 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes E Part 1"0 Aut%mate* +ull perip/eral ultras%ni'
t/i'&ness testin( %+ seamless an* ,el*e* Ce:'ept submer(e* ar'-,el*e*4 steel tubes
ISO 10FH#-1" N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes E Part 1"0 Aut%mate* +ull perip/eral ultras%ni'
t/i'&ness testin( %+ seamless an* ,el*e* Ce:'ept submer(e* ar'-,el*e*4 steel tubes
ISO 11;F; Steel pr%*u'ts E Empl%yerAs 2uali+i'ati%n system +%r n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( CNDT4
pers%nnel
ISO 1"0H; Steel E 8ltras%ni' testin( +%r steel +lat pr%*u'ts %+ t/i'&ness e2ual t% %r (reater t/an >
mm
ISO 1"<1= 8ltras%ni' n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( E Re+eren'e bl%'&s an* test pr%'e*ures +%r t/e
'/ara'teriJati%n %+ '%nta't sear'/ unit beam pr%+iles
ISO I TS 1"<;< Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries E Pipeline transp%rtati%n systems E
Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r pipeline li+e e:tensi%n
ISO 1#>"# Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries E Pipeline transp%rtati%n systems
ISO 1#F;< Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries E Pipeline transp%rtati%n systems E @el*in( %+
pipelines
ISO 1;"F; Steel an* ir%n E Samplin( an* preparati%n %+ samples +%r t/e *eterminati%n %+ '/emi'al
'%mp%siti%n
ISO 1;<"# Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries - Pipeline transp%rtati%n systems - Subsea pipeline
)al)es
ISO 1;<#1 @el*in( '%%r*inati%n E Tas&s an* resp%nsibilities
ISO 1;<#" @el*in( pers%nnel E Appr%)al testin( %+ ,el*in( %perat%rs +%r +usi%n ,el*in( an* %+
resistan'e ,el* setters +%r +ully me'/aniJe* an* aut%mati' ,el*in( %+ metalli'
materials
ISO 1=1=>-1 Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries - 6aterials +%r use in H"S-'%ntainin(
en)ir%nments in %il an* (as pr%*u'ti%n - Part 10 3eneral prin'iples +%r sele'ti%n %+
'ra'&in(-resistant materials
ISO 1=1=>-" Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries - 6aterials +%r use in H"S-'%ntainin(
en)ir%nments in %il an* (as pr%*u'ti%n - Part "0 ra'&in(-resistant 'arb%n an* l%,
all%y steels. an* t/e use %+ 'ast ir%ns
ISO 1=1=>-# Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries - 6aterials +%r use in H"S-'%ntainin(
en)ir%nments in %il an* (as pr%*u'ti%n - Part #0 ra'&in(-resistant RAs C'%rr%si%n-
resistant all%ys4 an* %t/er all%ys
ISO 1==FH-1 Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries E at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n %+ pipeline transp%rtati%n
systems E Part 10 On-lan* pipelines
ISO 1==FH-" Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries - at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n %+ pipeline transp%rtati%n
systems - Part "0 O++s/%re pipelines
ISO 1==H0-1 Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries E In*u'ti%n ben*s. +ittin(s an* +lan(es +%r pipeline
transp%rtati%n systems E Part 10 In*u'ti%n ben*s
ISO 1==H0-" Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries E In*u'ti%n ben*s. +ittin(s an* +lan(es +%r pipeline
transp%rtati%n systems E Part "0 Fittin(s
ISO 1==H0-# Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries E In*u'ti%n ben*s. +ittin(s an* +lan(es +%r pipeline
transp%rtati%n systems E Part #0 Flan(es
ISO 1=>1;-1 Spe'i+i'ati%n an* 2uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r metalli' materials E @el*in(
pr%'e*ure test E Part 10 Ar' an* (as ,el*in( %+ steels an* ar' ,el*in( %+ ni'&el an*
ni'&el all%ys
ISO 1=>1F-" 5uali+i'ati%n testin( %+ ,el*ers +%r un*er,ater ,el*in( E Part "0 Di)er-,el*ers an*
,el*in( %perat%rs +%r /yperbari' *ry ,el*in(
ISO 1=>;H Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries E Pipin(
ISO 1><0F Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries E Pipeline transp%rtati%n systems E Reliability-
base* limit state met/%*s
ISOIIE 1<0"= 3eneral re2uirements +%r t/e '%mpeten'e %+ testin( an* 'alibrati%n lab%rat%ries
ISO 1<>#>-1 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ ,el*s E Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ +usi%n-,el*e* G%ints
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e latest re)isi%n %+ t/e DNV '%*es may be +%un* in t/e publi'ati%n list at t/e DNV ,ebsite ,,,-*n)-'%m-
Amen*ments an* '%rre'ti%ns t% t/e DNV '%*es are publis/e* bi-annually %n ,,,-*n)-'%m- T/ese s/all be
'%nsi*ere* as man*at%ry part %+ t/e ab%)e '%*es-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
C. De+ini%i!ns
C )** Der6al +!r$s
)*) Shall0 In*i'ates a man*at%ry re2uirement t% be +%ll%,e* +%r +ul+ilment %r '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e present
stan*ar*-
)*4 Should0 In*i'ates t/at am%n( se)eral p%ssibilities. %ne is re'%mmen*e* as parti'ularly suitable. ,it/%ut
menti%nin( %r e:'lu*in( %t/ers. %r t/at a 'ertain '%urse %+ a'ti%n is pre+erre* but n%t ne'essarily re2uire*- Ot/er
p%ssibilities may be applie* subGe't t% a(reement in ,ritin( bet,een 6anu+a'turerI %ntra't%r an* Pur'/aser-
T/e e:pressi%n may als% be use* t% e:press inter+a'e 'riteria ,/i'/ may be m%*i+ie* subGe't t% a(reement-
)*8 $ay0 Verbal +%rm use* t% in*i'ate a '%urse %+ a'ti%n permissible ,it/in t/e limits %+ t/e stan*ar*-
)*4 )greement. by agreement0 8nless %t/er,ise in*i'ate*. t/is means a(ree* in ,ritin( bet,een
6anu+a'turerI %ntra't%r an* Pur'/aser-
C 4** De+ini%i!ns
4*) )bandonment: Aban*%nment '%mprises t/e a'ti)ities ass%'iate* ,it/ ta&in( a pipeline permanently %ut
%+ %perati%n- An aban*%ne* pipeline 'ann%t be returne* t% %perati%n- Depen*in( %n t/e le(islati%n t/is may
re2uire '%)er %r rem%)al-
ISO 1<>#>-" N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ ,el*s E Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( E Part "0 P- an* (amma-ray
te'/ni2ues ,it/ *i(ital *ete't%rs
ISO 1<>#< N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ ,el*s E Visual testin( %+ +usi%n-,el*e* G%ints
ISO 1<>#F N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ ,el*s E 6a(neti' parti'le testin(
ISO 1<>;0 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ ,el*s E 8ltras%ni' testin( E Te'/ni2ues. testin( le)els. an*
assessment
ISO 1<>;# N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ ,el*s E E**y 'urrent testin( %+ ,el*s by '%mple:-plane
analysis
ISO 1H"#" N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( E Ima(e 2uality %+ ra*i%(rap/s
ISO 1HH01-" Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries E Spe'i+i' re2uirements +%r %++s/%re stru'tures E
Part "0 Seismi' *esi(n pr%'e*ures an* 'riteria
ISO "1F0H-1 Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries E E:ternal '%atin(s +%r burie* %r submer(e*
pipelines use* in pipeline transp%rtati%n systems E Part 10 P%ly%le+in '%atin(s C#-layer
PE an* #-layer PP4
ISO "1F0H-" Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries E E:ternal '%atin(s +%r burie* %r submer(e*
pipelines use* in pipeline transp%rtati%n systems E Part "0 Fusi%n-b%n*e* ep%:y
'%atin(s
ISO "1F0H-# Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries E E:ternal '%atin(s +%r burie* %r submer(e*
pipelines use* in pipeline transp%rtati%n systems E Part #0 Fiel* G%int '%atin(s
ISO "1F0H-= Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries E E:ternal '%atin(s +%r burie* %r submer(e*
pipelines use* in pipeline transp%rtati%n systems E Part =0 E:ternal '%n'rete '%atin(s
ISO ""F"= N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ ,el*s E 8ltras%ni' testin( E Testin( %+ ,el*s in austeniti'
steels an* ni'&el-base* all%ys
6SS SP-== 5uality stan*ar* +%r steel 'astin(s +%r )al)es. +lan(es. an* +ittin(s an* %t/er pipin(
'%mp%nents C)isual met/%* +%r e)aluati%n %+ sur+a'e irre(ularities4-
6SS SP-<= Spe'i+i'ati%n +%r Hi(/ Test. @r%u(/t. !utt @el*in( Fittin(s
NORDTEST NT Te'/n- Rep%rt #H; C3ui*elines +%r NDE Reliability Determinati%n an*
Des'ripti%n. Appr%)e* 1HHF-0;4-
NORSOK B-00= %mpa't +lan(e* '%nne'ti%ns
NORSOK 8-00H Bi+e e:tensi%n +%r subsea systems
NORSOK R-00" Bi+e e:tensi%n +%r transp%rtati%n systems
NS ;<< @el*in( - Rules +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( inspe't%rs
4*4 )ccidental loads a l%a* ,it/ an annual +re2uen'y less t/an 10
-"
. see Se'-= D1000-
4*8 )ccumulated plastic strain: Sum %+ plasti' strain in'rements. irrespe'ti)e %+ si(n an* *ire'ti%n- Strain
in'rements s/all be 'al'ulate* +r%m a+ter t/e linepipe manu+a'turin(. see Se'-= DH00-
4*4 )dditional re*uirements: Re2uirements t/at applies t% t/is stan*ar*. a**iti%nal t% %t/er re+erre*
stan*ar*s-
4*# )s(built survey0 Sur)ey %+ t/e installe* an* '%mplete* pipeline system t/at is per+%rme* t% )eri+y t/at
t/e '%mplete* installati%n ,%r& meets t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements. an* t% *%'ument *e)iati%ns +r%m t/e %ri(inal
*esi(n. i+ any-
4*5 )s(laid survey0 Sur)ey per+%rme* eit/er by '%ntinu%us t%u'/*%,n p%int m%nit%rin( %r by a *e*i'ate*
)essel *urin( installati%n %+ t/e pipeline-
4*& )ssemblies+ in(line0 Pipeline '%mp%nents Csee Table 1-1 an* "H14. bu'&le an* +ra'ture arrest%rs. PBE6s
an* PBETs ,/i'/ are inte(rate* part %+ t/e pipeline an* '%nne'te* %r ,el*e* t% t/e pipeline *urin( installati%n-
4*2 )ssemblies+ pipeline: Risers. pipe strin(s C+%r reelin( %r t%,in(4. sp%%ls ,/i'/ are ,el*e* %ns/%re Csee
Se'-F F4-
4*: )tmospheric ,one0 T/e part %+ t/e pipeline system ab%)e t/e splas/ J%ne-
4)* -uc.ling+ global0 !u'&lin( m%*e ,/i'/ in)%l)es a substantial len(t/ %+ t/e pipeline. usually se)eral pipe
G%ints an* n%t (r%ss *e+%rmati%ns %+ t/e 'r%ss se'ti%nO up/ea)al bu'&lin( is an e:ample t/ere%+. see Se'-= D<00-
4)) -uc.ling+ local0 !u'&lin( m%*e '%n+ine* t% a s/%rt len(t/ %+ t/e pipeline 'ausin( (r%ss '/an(es %+ t/e
'r%ss se'ti%nO '%llapse. l%'alise* ,all ,rin&lin( an* &in&in( are e:amples t/ere%+. see Se'-= D#00-
4)4 %haracteristic load /#
'
00 T/e re+eren'e )alue %+ a l%a* t% be use* in t/e *eterminati%n %+ l%a* e++e'ts-
T/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* is n%rmally base* up%n a *e+ine* +ra'tile in t/e upper en* %+ t/e *istributi%n +un'ti%n
+%r l%a*. see Se'-; 3-
4)8 %haracteristic resistance /R
'
00 T/e re+eren'e )alue %+ stru'tural stren(t/ t% be use* in t/e *eterminati%n
%+ t/e *esi(n stren(t/- T/e '/ara'teristi' resistan'e is n%rmally base* up%n a *e+ine* +ra'tile in t/e l%,er en*
%+ t/e *istributi%n +un'ti%n +%r resistan'e- See Se'-= "00-
4)4 %lad pipe /%0: Pipe ,it/ internal C'%rr%si%n resistant4 liner ,/ere t/e b%n* bet,een Clinepipe4 ba'&in(
steel an* 'la**in( material is metallur(i'al-
4)# %lamp: ir'um+erential stru'tural element. split int% t,% %r m%re parts- E:amplesO '%nne'tin( t,% /ubs
in a me'/ani'al '%nne't%r %r t,% pipe /al+-s/ells +%r repair purp%se
4)5 %ode0 %mm%n *en%tati%n %n any spe'i+i'ati%n. rule. stan*ar* (ui*eline. re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e %r similar-
4)& %oiled tubing: %ntinu%usly-mille* tubular pr%*u't manu+a'ture* in len(t/s t/at re2uire sp%%lin( %nt%
a ta&e-up reel. *urin( t/e primary millin( %r manu+a'turin( pr%'ess-
4)2 %ommissioningO A'ti)ities ass%'iate* ,it/ t/e initial +illin( %+ t/e pipeline system ,it/ t/e +lui* t% be
transp%rte*. part %+ %perati%nal p/ase-
4): %ommissioning+ e-O A'ti)ities ass%'iate* ,it/ ta&in( t/e pipeline temp%rarily %ut %+ ser)i'e-
44* %ommissioning+ Pre-. A'ti)ities a+ter tie-inI'%nne'ti%n an* pri%r t% '%mmissi%nin( in'lu*in( system
pressure testin(. *e-,aterin(. 'leanin( an* *ryin(-
44) %oncept development phase: T/e '%n'ept *e)el%pment p/ase ,ill typi'ally in'lu*e b%t/ business
e)aluati%ns. '%lle'tin( %+ *ata an* te'/ni'al early p/ase '%nsi*erati%ns-
444 %ondition load effect factor /
00 A l%a* e++e't +a't%r in'lu*e* in t/e *esi(n l%a* e++e't t% a''%unt +%r
spe'i+i' l%a* '%n*iti%ns. see Se'-; 3#00 Table ;-=-
448 %onnector: 6e'/ani'al *e)i'e use* t% '%nne't a*Ga'ent '%mp%nents in t/e pipeline system t% 'reate a
stru'tural G%int resistin( applie* l%a*s an* pre)entin( lea&a(e- E:amples0 T/rea*e* types. in'lu*in( Ci4 %ne
male +ittin( Cpin4. %ne +emale +ittin( Cinte(ral b%:4 an* seal rin(Cs4. %r Cii4 t,% pins. a '%uplin( an* seals sea
rin(Cs4O Flan(e* types. in'lu*in( t,% +lan(es. b%lts an* (as&etIseal rin(O lampe* /ub types. in'lu*in( /ubs.
'lamps. b%lts an* seal rin(Cs4O D%(-type '%nne't%rs-
444 %onstruction phase: T/e '%nstru'ti%n p/ase ,ill typi'ally in'lu*e manu+a'ture. +abri'ati%n an*
installati%n a'ti)ities- 6anu+a'ture a'ti)ities ,ill typi'ally in'lu*e manu+a'ture %+ linepipe an* '%rr%si%n
pr%te'ti%n an* ,ei(/t '%atin(- Fabri'ati%n a'ti)ities ,ill typi'ally in'lu*e +abri'ati%n %+ pipeline '%mp%nents
an* assemblies- Installati%n a'ti)ities ,ill typi'al in'lu*e pre- an* p%st inter)enti%n ,%r&. transp%rtati%n.
installati%n. tie-in an* pre-'%mmissi%nin(-
44# %ontractor0 A party '%ntra'tually app%inte* by t/e Pur'/aser t% +ul+il all. %r any %+. t/e a'ti)ities
ass%'iate* ,it/ *esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n an* %perati%n-
445 %orrosion allowance /t
'%rr
00 E:tra ,all t/i'&ness a**e* *urin( *esi(n t% '%mpensate +%r any re*u'ti%n
in ,all t/i'&ness by '%rr%si%n CinternallyIe:ternally4 *urin( %perati%n. see Se'-> D"00-
44& %orrosion control: All rele)ant measures +%r '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n. as ,ell as t/e inspe'ti%n an*
m%nit%rin( %+ '%rr%si%n. see Se'-> D100-
442 %orrosion protection0 8se %+ '%rr%si%n resistant materials. '%rr%si%n all%,an'e an* )ari%us te'/ni2ues
+%r S'%rr%si%n miti(ati%nT. see Se'-> D100
44: %oupling: 6e'/ani'al *e)i'e t% '%nne't t,% bare pipes t% 'reate a stru'tural G%int resistin( applie* l%a*s
an* pre)entin( lea&a(e-
48* esign0 All relate* en(ineerin( t% *esi(n t/e pipeline in'lu*in( b%t/ stru'tural as ,ell as material an*
'%rr%si%n-
48) esign case: /ara'terisati%n %+ *i++erent l%a* 'ate(%ries. see Se'-; A=00-
484 esign life0 T/e initially planne* time peri%* +r%m initial installati%n %r use until permanent
*e'%mmissi%nin( %+ t/e e2uipment %r system- T/e %ri(inal *esi(n li+e may be e:ten*e* a+ter a re-2uali+i'ati%n-
488 esign premises0 A set %+ pr%Ge't spe'i+i' *esi(n *ata an* +un'ti%nal re2uirements ,/i'/ are n%t
spe'i+ie* %r ,/i'/ are le+t %pen in t/e stan*ar* t% be prepare* pri%r t% t/e *esi(n p/ase-
484 esign phase: T/e *esi(n p/ase ,ill typi'ally be split int% FEED-p/ase. basi' *esi(n an* *etail *esi(n-
F%r ea'/ *esi(n p/ase. t/e same *esi(n tas&s are repeate* but in m%re an* m%re spe'i+i' an* *etaile* le)el-
48# ynamic riser0 A riser ,/i'/ m%ti%n ,ill in+luen'e t/e /y*r%*ynami' l%a* e++e'ts %r ,/ere inertia +%r'es
be'%me si(ni+i'ant-
485 !ngineering %ritical )ssessment /!%)0: Fra'ture me'/ani's assessment %+ t/e a''eptability %+ +la,s in
metalli' materials-
48& !rosion0 6aterial l%ss *ue t% repeate* impa't %+ san* parti'les %r li2ui* *r%plets-
482 &abrication0 A'ti)ities relate* t% t/e assembly %+ %bGe'ts ,it/ a *e+ine* purp%se in a pipeline system-
48: &abrication factor /
+ab
00 Fa't%r %n t/e material stren(t/ in %r*er t% '%mpensate +%r material stren(t/
re*u'ti%n Cin /%%p *ire'ti%n4 +r%m '%l* +%rmin( *urin( manu+a'turin( %+ linepipe. see Table =-=-
44* &abricator0 T/e party per+%rmin( t/e +abri'ati%n-
44) &ailure0 An e)ent a++e'tin( a '%mp%nent %r system an* 'ausin( %ne %r b%t/ %+ t/e +%ll%,in( e++e'ts0
1 l%ss %+ '%mp%nent %r system +un'ti%nO %r
1 *eteri%rati%n %+ +un'ti%nal 'apability t% su'/ an e:tent t/at t/e sa+ety %+ t/e installati%n. pers%nnel %r
en)ir%nment is si(ni+i'antly re*u'e*-
444 &atigue0 y'li' l%a*in( 'ausin( *e(ra*ati%n %+ t/e material-
448 &ittings: Elb%,s. 'aps. tees. sin(le %r multiple e:tru*e* /ea*ers. re*u'ers an* transiti%n se'ti%ns
444 &lange0 %llar at t/e en* %+ a pipe usually pr%)i*e* ,it/ /%les in t/e pipe a:ial *ire'ti%n +%r b%lts t%
permit %t/er %bGe'ts t% be atta'/e* t% it-
44# &luid categorisation0 ate(%risati%n %+ t/e transp%rte* +lui* a''%r*in( t% /aJar* p%tential as *e+ine* in
Table "-1-
445 &ractile0 T/e p-+ra'tile C%r per'entile4 an* t/e '%rresp%n*in( +ra'tile )alue :
p
is *e+ine* as0
F is t/e *istributi%n +un'ti%n +%r :
p
-
44& 1ub0 T/e parts in a me'/ani'al '%nne't%r G%ine* by a 'lamp-
442 1ydrogen 'nduced %rac.ing /1'%0: Internal 'ra'&in( %+ r%lle* materials *ue t% a buil*-up %+ /y*r%(en
pressure in mi'r%-)%i*s CRelate* terms0 step,ise 'ra'&in(4-
44: 1ydrogen 'nduced Stress %rac.ing /1'S%0: ra'&in( t/at results +r%m t/e presen'e %+ /y*r%(en in a
metal ,/ile subGe'te* t% tensile stresses Cresi*ual an*I%r applie*4- T/e s%ur'e %+ /y*r%(en may be ,el*in(.
'%rr%si%n. 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n. ele'tr%platin( %r s%me %t/er ele'tr%'/emi'al pr%'ess- ra'& (r%,t/ pr%'ee*s
by a /y*r%(en embrittlement me'/anism at t/e 'ra'& tip. i-e- t/e bul& material is n%t ne'essarily embrittle* by
/y*r%(en- HIS by '%rr%si%n in presen'e %+ /y*r%(en sulp/i*e is re+erre* t% as Sulp/i*e Stress ra'&in(
CSS4-
4#* 1ydro(test %r 1ydrostatic test0 See 6ill pressure test
4#) 'nspection0 A'ti)ities su'/ as measurin(. e:aminati%n. ,ei(/in( testin(. (au(in( %ne %r m%re
'/ara'teristi's %+ a pr%*u't %r ser)i'e an* '%mparin( t/e results ,it/ spe'i+ie* re2uirements t% *etermine
'%n+%rmity-
4#4 'nstallation Ca'ti)ity40 T/e %perati%ns relate* t% installin( t/e e2uipment. pipeline %r stru'ture. e-(-
pipeline layin(. tie-in. pilin( %+ stru'ture et'-
4#8 'nstallation C%bGe't40 See O++s/%re installati%n-
4#4 'nstallation $anual /'$0: A *%'ument prepare* by t/e %ntra't%r t% *es'ribe an* *em%nstrate t/at t/e
installati%n met/%* an* e2uipment use* by t/e %ntra't%r ,ill meet t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements an* t/at t/e
p " &
p
= 4 C
results 'an be )eri+ie*-
4## 'ntegrity: See Pipeline inte(rity-
4#5 2ointer0 T,% len(t/s %+ pipe ,el*e* t%(et/er by t/e manu+a'turer t% buil* up %ne '%mplete C;0N4 pipe G%int-
4#& 2(tube0 A 7-s/ape* tube installe* %n a plat+%rm. t/r%u(/ ,/i'/ a pipe 'an be pulle* t% +%rm a riser- T/e
7-tube e:ten*s +r%m t/e plat+%rm *e'& t% an* in'lusi)e %+ t/e b%tt%m ben* at t/e seabe*- T/e 7-tube supp%rts
'%nne't t/e 7-tube t% t/e supp%rtin( stru'ture-
4#2 #imit state: A state bey%n* ,/i'/ t/e stru'ture n% l%n(er satis+ies t/e re2uirements- T/e +%ll%,in( limit
states 'ate(%ries are %+ rele)an'e +%r pipeline systems0
1 Serviceability #imit State /S#S0: A '%n*iti%n ,/i'/. i+ e:'ee*e*. ren*ers t/e pipeline unsuitable +%r n%rmal
%perati%ns- E:'ee*an'e %+ a ser)i'eability limit state 'ate(%ry s/all be e)aluate* as an a''i*ental limit state-
1 3ltimate #imit State /3#S0: A '%n*iti%n ,/i'/. i+ e:'ee*e*. '%mpr%mises t/e inte(rity %+ t/e pipeline-
1 &atigue #imit State /&#S00 An 8BS '%n*iti%n a''%untin( +%r a''umulate* 'y'li' l%a* e++e'ts-
1 )ccidental #imit State /)#S00 An 8BS *ue t% a''i*ental Cin-+re2uent4 l%a*s-
4#: #ine pipe: A ,el*e* %r seamless pipe. a)ailable ,it/ t/e en*s plain. be)elle*. (r%%)e*. '%l* e:pan*e*.
+lan(e*. %r t/rea*e*O prin'ipally use* t% '%n)ey (as. %il. %r ,ater-
45* #ined pipe /#0: Pipe ,it/ internal C'%rr%si%n resistant4 liner ,/ere t/e b%n* bet,een Clinepipe4 ba'&in(
steel an* liner material is me'/ani'al-
45) #oad0 Any a'ti%n 'ausin( stress. strain. *e+%rmati%n. *ispla'ement. m%ti%n. et'- t% t/e e2uipment %r system-
454 #oad categories: Fun'ti%nal l%a*. en)ir%nmental l%a*. inter+eren'e l%a* %r a''i*ental l%a*. see Se'-; A-
458 #oad effect0 E++e't %+ a sin(le l%a* %r '%mbinati%n %+ l%a*s %n t/e e2uipment %r system. su'/ as stress.
strain. *e+%rmati%n. *ispla'ement. m%ti%n. et'-
454 #oad effect combinations0 See Se'-; A-
45# #oad effect factor /
F
+
E
+
A
00 T/e partial sa+ety +a't%r by ,/i'/ t/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* e++e't is
multiplie* t% %btain t/e *esi(n l%a* e++e't. see Se'-; 3#00-
455 #oad scenarios: S'enari%s ,/i'/ s/all be e)aluate*. see Se'-; A-
45& #ocation class0 A (e%(rap/i' area %+ pipeline system. see Table "-"-
452 #ot0 %mp%nents %+ t/e same siJe an* +r%m t/e same /eat. t/e same /eat treatment bat'/-
45: $anufacture0 6a&in( %+ arti'les %r materials. %+ten in lar(e )%lumes- In relati%n t% pipelines. re+ers t%
a'ti)ities +%r t/e pr%*u'ti%n %+ linepipe. an%*es an* %t/er '%mp%nents an* appli'ati%n %+ '%atin(. per+%rme*
un*er '%ntra'ts +r%m %ne %r m%re %ntra't%rs-
4&* $anufacturer0 T/e party ,/% is '%ntra'te* t% be resp%nsible +%r plannin(. e:e'uti%n an* *%'umentati%n
%+ manu+a'turin(-
4&) $anufacturing Procedure Specification C6PS40 A manual prepare* by t/e 6anu+a'turer t% *em%nstrate
/%, t/e spe'i+ie* pr%perties may be a'/ie)e* an* )eri+ie* t/r%u(/ t/e pr%p%se* manu+a'turin( r%ute-
4&4 $aterial resistance factor /
m
00 Partial sa+ety +a't%r trans+%rmin( a '/ara'teristi' resistan'e t% a l%,er
+ra'tile resistan'e. see Table =-"-
4&8 $aterial strength factor C
u
40 Fa't%r +%r *eterminati%n %+ t/e '/ara'teristi' material stren(t/ re+le'tin(
t/e '%n+i*en'e in t/e yiel* stress see Table =-;-
4&4 $ill pressure test0 T/e /y*r%stati' stren(t/ test per+%rme* at t/e mill. see Se'-= !"00-
4&# 4ominal outside diameter0 T/e spe'i+ie* %utsi*e *iameter-
4&5 4ominal pipe wall thic.ness0 T/e spe'i+ie* n%n-'%rr%*e* pipe ,all t/i'&ness %+ a pipe. ,/i'/ is e2ual t%
t/e minimum steel ,all t/i'&ness plus t/e manu+a'turin( t%leran'e-
4&& 4ominal strain: T/e t%tal en(ineerin( strain n%t a''%untin( +%r strain '%n'entrati%n +a't%rs-
4&2 4ominal plastic strain: T/e n%minal strain minus t/e linear strain *eri)e* +r%m t/e stress-strain 'ur)e.
see Se'-= Fi(ure #-
4&: 5ffshore installation C%bGe't40 3eneral term +%r m%bile an* +i:e* stru'tures. in'lu*in( +a'ilities. ,/i'/
are inten*e* +%r e:pl%rati%n. *rillin(. pr%*u'ti%n. pr%'essin( %r st%ra(e %+ /y*r%'arb%ns %r %t/er relate*
a'ti)itiesI+lui*s- T/e term in'lu*es installati%ns inten*e* +%r a''%mm%*ati%n %+ pers%nnel en(a(e* in t/ese
a'ti)ities- O++s/%re installati%n '%)ers subsea installati%ns an* pipelines- T/e term *%es n%t '%)er tra*iti%nal
s/uttle tan&ers. supply b%ats an* %t/er supp%rt )essels ,/i'/ are n%t *ire'tly en(a(e* in t/e a'ti)ities *es'ribe*
ab%)e-
42* 5peration+ 'ncidental0 %n*iti%ns ,/i'/ t/at are n%t part %+ n%rmal %perati%n %+ t/e e2uipment %r
system- In relati%n t% pipeline systems. in'i*ental '%n*iti%ns may lea* t% in'i*ental pressures. e-(- pressure
sur(es *ue t% su**en 'l%sin( %+ )al)es. %r +ailure %+ t/e Pipeline %ntr%l system an* a'ti)ati%n %+ t/e Pipeline
sa+ety system-
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age '%
42) 5peration+ 4ormal0 %n*iti%ns t/at arise +r%m t/e inten*e* use an* appli'ati%n %+ e2uipment %r system.
in'lu*in( ass%'iate* '%n*iti%n an* inte(rity m%nit%rin(. maintenan'e. repairs et'- In relati%n t% pipelines. t/is
s/%ul* in'lu*e stea*y +l%, '%n*iti%ns %)er t/e +ull ran(e %+ +l%, rates. as ,ell as p%ssible pa'&in( an* s/ut-in
'%n*iti%ns ,/ere t/ese %''ur as part %+ r%utine %perati%n-
424 5peration phase: T/e %perati%n p/ase starts ,it/ t/e '%mmissi%nin(. +illin( t/e pipeline ,it/ t/e
inten*e* +lui*- T/e %perati%n p/ase ,ill in'lu*e inspe'ti%n an* maintenan'e a'ti)ities- In a**iti%n. t/e
%perati%n p/ase may als% in'lu*e m%*i+i'ati%ns. re-2uali+i'ati%ns an* *e-'%mmissi%nin(-
428 5perator /Pipeline(00 T/e party ultimately resp%nsible +%r '%n'ept *e)el%pment. *esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n
an* %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline system- T/e %perat%r may '/an(e bet,een p/ases-
424 5ut of roundness0 T/e *e)iati%n %+ t/e linepipe perimeter +r%m a 'ir'le- T/is 'an be state* as %)alisati%n
CL4. %r as l%'al %ut %+ r%un*ness. e-(- +lattenin(. Cmm4-
42# 5valisation0 T/e *e)iati%n %+ t/e perimeter +r%m a 'ir'le- T/is /as t/e +%rm %+ an ellipti' 'r%ss se'ti%n
425 Parameter operating envelop: Bimitati%ns %+ t/e %peratin( parameters in t/e pipeline '%ntr%l system t/at
,ill ensure t/at t/e parameter '%ntr%l en)el%pe is n%t e:'ee*e* ,it/ an a''eptable reliability- T/is in'lu*es all
rele)ant parameters an* lin&s bet,een t/ese in'lu*in( minimum )alues i+ rele)ant- T/is ,ill +irst be establis/e*
in t/e '%n'ept p/ase Cmainly base* %n /y*rauli' analyses4. e:ten*e* in t/e *esi(n p/ase an* re-assesse* in t/e
%perati%n p/ase-
42& Parameter safety envelop: Bimitati%ns %+ t/e %peratin( parameters in t/e pipeline sa+ety system t/at ,ill
ensure t/at t/e parameter sa+ety en)el%pe is n%t e:'ee*e* ,it/ an a''eptable reliability- T/is ,ill +irst be
establis/e* in t/e '%n'ept p/ase Cmainly base* %n /y*rauli' analyses4. e:ten*e* in t/e *esi(n p/ase an* re-
assesse* in t/e %perati%n p/ase-
422 Partial safety factor0 A +a't%r by ,/i'/ t/e '/ara'teristi' )alue %+ a )ariable is m%*i+ie* t% (i)e t/e
*esi(n )alue Ci-e- a l%a* e++e't. '%n*iti%n l%a* e++e't. material resistan'e %r sa+ety 'lass resistan'e +a't%r4. see
Se'-= -
42: Pipe+ 1igh &re*uency @el*e* CHF@40 Pipe manu+a'ture* by +%rmin( +r%m strip an* ,it/ %ne
l%n(itu*inal seam +%rme* by ,el*in( ,it/%ut t/e a**iti%n %+ +iller metal- T/e l%n(itu*inal seam is (enerate*
by /i(/ +re2uen'y 'urrent applie* by in*u'ti%n %r '%n*u'ti%n-
4:* Pipe+ Seamless /S$#S0: Pipe manu+a'ture* in a /%t +%rmin( pr%'ess resultin( in a tubular pr%*u't
,it/%ut a ,el*e* seam- T/e /%t +%rmin( may be +%ll%,e* by siJin( %r '%l* +inis/in( t% %btain t/e re2uire*
*imensi%ns-
4:) Pipe+ Submerged )rc(6elded B%n(itu*inal %r Heli'al CSA@B %r SA@H40 Pipe manu+a'ture* by
+%rmin( +r%m strip %r plate. an* ,it/ %ne l%n(itu*inal CSA@B4 %r /eli'al CSA@H4 seam +%rme* by t/e
submer(e* ar' pr%'ess ,it/ at least %ne pass ma*e %n t/e insi*e an* %ne pass +r%m t/e %utsi*e %+ t/e pipe-
4:4 Pipeline %omponents0 Any items ,/i'/ are inte(ral parts %+ t/e submarine pipeline system su'/ as
ben*s. +ittin(s. +lan(es. )al)es. me'/ani'al '%nne't%rs. P is%lati%n G%ints. an'/%r +lan(es. bu'&le an* +ra'ture
arrest%rs. pi( traps. repair 'lamps an* repair '%uplin(s Csee Se'-F4-
4:8 Pipeline %ontrol System0 T/e basi' pr%'ess '%ntr%l system t/at ensures t/at t/e %peratin( parameters are
,it/in t/e %peratin( parameter en)el%p
4:4 Pipeline 'ntegrity0 Pipeline inte(rity is t/e ability %+ t/e submarine pipeline system t% %perate sa+ely an*
,it/stan* t/e l%a*s imp%se* *urin( t/e pipeline li+e'y'le-
4:# Pipeline 'ntegrity $anagement0 T/e pipeline inte(rity mana(ement pr%'ess is t/e '%mbine* pr%'ess %+
t/reat i*enti+i'ati%n. ris& assessments. plannin(. m%nit%rin(. inspe'ti%n. maintenan'e et'- t% maintain pipeline
inte(rity-
4:5 Pipeline Safety System: T/e system as per in IE >1=11 t/at ensures t/at t/e %peratin( parameters are
,it/in t/e sa+ety parameter en)el%p- T/e sa+ety parameters 'an be. but are n%t limite* t%. +l%,. internal
pressure. temperature %r '%mp%siti%n-
4:& Pipeline System0 pipeline ,it/ '%mpress%r %r pump stati%ns. pipeline '%ntr%l stati%ns. meterin(. tan&a(e.
super)is%ry '%ntr%l an* *ata a'2uisiti%n system CSADA4. sa+ety systems. '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n systems. an*
any %t/er e2uipment. +a'ility %r buil*in( use* in t/e transp%rtati%n %+ +lui*s-
See als% Submarine pipeline system-
4:2 Pipeline wal.ing0 A''umulati%n %+ in'remental a:ial *ispla'ement %+ pipeline *ue t% start-up an* s/ut-
*%,n-
4:: Positioning/heading .eeping0 maintainin( a *esire* p%siti%nI/ea*in( ,it/in t/e n%rmal e:e'uti%n %+ t/e
'%ntr%l system an* en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns-
C 8** De+ini%i!ns .c!n%in'e"/
8*) Position/heading reference system: All /ar*,are. s%+t,are an* sens%rs t/at supply in+%rmati%n an* %r
'%rre'ti%ns ne'essary t% (i)e p%siti%nin(I/ea*in( re+eren'e-
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age '$
8*4 Pressure test0 See System pressure test
8*8 Pressure+ %ollapse /p
'
00 /ara'teristi' resistan'e a(ainst e:ternal %)er-pressure. see Se'-= D;00-
8*4 Pressure+ esign /p
*
00 In relati%n t% pipelines. t/is is t/e ma:imum internal pressure *urin( n%rmal
%perati%n. re+erre* t% t/e same re+eren'e ele)ati%n as t/e in'i*ental pressure. see Fi(ure 1 an* Se'-# D"00-
8*# Pressure+ 1ydro- %r Hy*r%stati' test0 See Pressure. 6ill test-
8*5 Pressure+ 'ncidental /p
in'
00 In relati%n t% pipelines. t/is is t/e ma:imum internal pressure t/e pipeline %r
pipeline se'ti%n is *esi(ne* t% ,it/stan* *urin( any in'i*ental %peratin( situati%n. re+erre* t% a spe'i+ie*
re+eren'e ele)ati%n. see Fi(ure 1 an* Se'-# D"00-
Fig're )
9ress're "e+ini%i!ns
8*& Pressure+ 'nitiation0 T/e e:ternal %)er-pressure re2uire* t% initiate a pr%pa(atin( bu'&le +r%m an e:istin(
l%'al bu'&le %r *ent C100-year )alue4. see Se'-= D=00-
8*2 Pressure+ #ocal7 #ocal esign+ #ocal 'ncidental %r #ocal Test0 In relati%n t% pipelines. t/is is t/e internal
pressure at any p%int in t/e pipeline system %r pipeline se'ti%n +%r t/e '%rresp%n*in( *esi(n pressure. in'i*ental
pressure %r test pressure a*Guste* +%r t/e '%lumn ,ei(/t. see Se'-; !"00-
8*: Pressure+ $a"imum )llowable 'ncidental /$)'P0: In relati%n t% pipelines. t/is is t/e ma:imum pressure
at ,/i'/ t/e pipeline system s/all be %perate* *urin( in'i*ental Ci-e- transient4 %perati%n- T/e ma:imum
all%,able in'i*ental pressure is *e+ine* as t/e ma:imum in'i*ental pressure less t/e p%siti)e t%leran'e %+ t/e
Pipeline Sa+ety System. see Fi(ure 1 an* Se'-# D"00-
8)* Pressure+ $a"imum )llowable 5perating /$)5P0: In relati%n t% pipelines. t/is is t/e ma:imum
pressure at ,/i'/ t/e pipeline system s/all be %perate* *urin( n%rmal %perati%n- T/e ma:imum all%,able
%peratin( pressure is *e+ine* as t/e *esi(n pressure less t/e p%siti)e t%leran'e %+ t/e Pipeline %ntr%l System
CPS4. see Fi(ure 1 an* Se'-# D"00-
8)) Pressure+ $ill test /p
/
00 T/e test pressure applie* t% pipe G%ints an* pipe '%mp%nents up%n '%mpleti%n
%+ manu+a'ture an* +abri'ati%n. see Se'-= !"00-
8)4 Pressure+ Propagating /p
pr
00 T/e l%,est pressure re2uire* +%r a pr%pa(atin( bu'&le t% '%ntinue t%
pr%pa(ate. see Se'-= D=00-
8)8 Pressure+ shut(in0 T/e ma:imum pressure t/at 'an be attaine* at t/e ,ell/ea* *urin( 'l%sure %+ )al)es 'l%sest
t% t/e ,ell/ea* C,ell/ea* is%lati%n4- T/is implies t/at pressure transients *ue t% )al)e 'l%sin( s/all be in'lu*e*-
8)4 Pressure+ System test /p
test
00 In relati%n t% pipelines. t/is is t/e internal pressure applie* t% t/e pipeline
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age '&
%r pipeline se'ti%n *urin( testin( %n '%mpleti%n %+ installati%n ,%r& t% test t/e pipeline system +%r ti(/tness
Cn%rmally per+%rme* as /y*r%stati' testin(4. see Se'-= !"00-
8)# Pressure+ Test0 See Pressure. System test-
8)5 Pup Piece: An e:tra linepipe pie'e a**e* t% a '%mp%nent in %r*er t% buil* up a 'ertain %)erall len(t/.
typi'ally +%r '%nstru'ti%n an*I%r +abri'ati%n purp%se-
8)& Purchaser0 T/e %,ner %r an%t/er party a'tin( %n /is be/al+. ,/% is resp%nsible +%r pr%'urin( materials.
'%mp%nents %r ser)i'es inten*e* +%r t/e *esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n %r m%*i+i'ati%n %+ a installati%n %r a pipeline-
8)2 8uality )ssurance /8)0: Planne* an* systemati' a'ti%ns ne'essary t% pr%)i*e a*e2uate '%n+i*en'e t/at
a pr%*u't %r ser)i'e ,ill satis+y (i)en re2uirements +%r 2uality- CT/e 5uality Assuran'e a'ti%ns %+ an
%r(anisati%n is *es'ribe* in a 5uality 6anual statin( t/e 5uality P%li'y an* '%ntainin( t/e ne'essary
pr%'e*ures an* instru'ti%ns +%r plannin( an* per+%rmin( t/e re2uire* a'ti%ns4-
8): 8uality %ontrol /8%00 T/e internal systems an* pra'ti'es Cin'lu*in( *ire't inspe'ti%n an* materials
testin(4. use* by manu+a'turers t% ensure t/at t/eir pr%*u'ts meet t/e re2uire* stan*ar*s an* spe'i+i'ati%ns-
84* 8uality Plan /8P0: T/e *%'ument settin( %ut t/e spe'i+i' 2uality pra'ti'es. res%ur'es an* se2uen'e %+
a'ti)ities rele)ant t% a parti'ular pr%*u't. pr%Ge't %r '%ntra't- A 2uality plan usually ma&es re+eren'e t% t/e part
%+ t/e 2uality manual Ce-(- pr%'e*ures an* ,%r& instru'ti%ns4 appli'able t% t/e spe'i+i' 'ase-
84) Ratcheting0 A''umulate* *e+%rmati%n *urin( 'y'li' l%a*in(. espe'ially +%r *iameter in'rease. see Se'-=
D1"00- D%es n%t in'lu*e s% 'alle* Pipeline @al&in(-
844 Reliability0 T/e pr%bability t/at a '%mp%nent %r system ,ill per+%rm its re2uire* +un'ti%n ,it/%ut +ailure.
un*er state* '%n*iti%ns %+ %perati%n an* maintenan'e an* *urin( a spe'i+ie* time inter)al-
848 Re(*ualification0 T/e re-assessment %+ a *esi(n *ue t% m%*i+ie* *esi(n premises an*I%r sustaine* *ama(e-
844 Resistance0 T/e 'apability %+ a stru'ture. %r part %+ a stru'ture. t% resist l%a* e++e'ts. see Se'-= "00-
84# Riser0 A riser is *e+ine* as t/e '%nne'tin( pipin( %r +le:ible pipe bet,een a submarine pipeline %n t/e
seabe* an* installati%ns ab%)e ,ater- T/e riser e:ten*s t% t/e ab%)e sea emer(en'y is%lati%n p%int bet,een t/e
imp%rtIe:p%rt line an* t/e installati%n +a'ilities. i-e- riser ESD )al)e-
845 Riser support/clamp0 A stru'ture ,/i'/ is inten*e* t% &eep t/e riser in pla'e-
84& Riser system0 A riser system is '%nsi*ere* t% '%mprise riser. its supp%rts. all inte(rate* pipelinin(
'%mp%nents. an* '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n system-
842 Ris.0 T/e 2ualitati)e %r 2uantitati)e li&eli/%%* %+ an a''i*ental %r unplanne* e)ent %''urrin(. '%nsi*ere*
in '%nGun'ti%n ,it/ t/e p%tential '%nse2uen'es %+ su'/ a +ailure- In 2uantitati)e terms. ris& is t/e 2uanti+ie*
pr%bability %+ a *e+ine* +ailure m%*e times its 2uanti+ie* '%nse2uen'e-
84: Safety %lass /S%0: In relati%n t% pipelinesO a '%n'ept a*%pte* t% 'lassi+y t/e si(ni+i'an'e %+ t/e pipeline
system ,it/ respe't t% t/e '%nse2uen'es %+ +ailure. see Se'-" ;00-
88* Safety class resistance factor /
S
00 Partial sa+ety +a't%r ,/i'/ trans+%rms t/e l%,er +ra'tile resistan'e t%
a *esi(n resistan'e re+le'tin( t/e sa+ety 'lass. see Table =-#-
88) Single event0 Strainin( in %ne *ire'ti%n-
884 Slamming0 Impa't l%a* %n an appr%:imately /%riJ%ntal member +r%m a risin( ,ater sur+a'e as a ,a)e
passes- T/e *ire'ti%n is mainly )erti'al-
888 Slapping0 Impa't l%a* %n an appr%:imately )erti'al sur+a'e *ue t% a brea&in( ,a)e- T/e *ire'ti%n is
mainly /%riJ%ntal-
884 Specified $inimum Tensile Strength /S$TS0: T/e minimum tensile stren(t/ spe'i+ie* by t/is stan*ar*-
F%r supplementary re2uirement 8. t/is '%rresp%n*s t% a statisti'al )alue e2ual t% %r l%,er t/an t/e mean E t/ree
stan*ar* *e)iati%ns-
88# Specified $inimum 9ield Stress /S$9S00 T/e minimum yiel* stress spe'i+ie* by t/is stan*ar*- F%r
supplementary re2uirement 8. t/is '%rresp%n*s t% a statisti'al )alue e2ual t% %r l%,er t/an t/e mean t,%
stan*ar* *e)iati%ns-
885 Splash J%ne0 E:ternal sur+a'es %+ a stru'ture %r pipeline t/at are peri%*i'ally in an* %ut %+ t/e ,ater by
t/e in+luen'e %+ ,a)es an* ti*es-
88& Splash :one 1eight0 T/e )erti'al *istan'e bet,een splas/ J%ne upper limit an* splas/ J%ne l%,er limit-
882 Splash :one #ower #imit /#S:4 is *etermine* by0
BSU ? VB1V - VB"V - VB#V
B1 ? l%,est astr%n%mi' ti*e le)el CBAT4
B" ? #0L %+ t/e Splas/ J%ne ,a)e-relate* /ei(/t *e+ine* in #;0
B# ? up,ar* m%ti%n %+ t/e riser-
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age ''
88: Splash :one 3pper #imit /3S:0 is *etermine* by0
84* Splash ,one wave(related height0 T/e ,a)e /ei(/t ,it/ a pr%bability %+ bein( e:'ee*e* e2ual t% 10
-"
. as
*etermine* +r%m t/e l%n( term *istributi%n %+ in*i)i*ual ,a)es- I+ t/is )alue is n%t a)ailable. an appr%:imate
)alue %+ t/e splas/ J%ne /ei(/t may be ta&en as0
0-;> H
s
100
@/ere
H
s
100
? si(ni+i'ant ,a)e /ei(/t ,it/ a 100 year return peri%*
84) Spool0 A pipe se'ti%n ,/i'/ is use* t% '%nne't a pipeline t% an%t/er subsea stru'ture Ce-(- mani+%l*.
PBET. tee4 %r riser-
844 Submarine Pipeline0 A submarine pipeline is *e+ine* as t/e part %+ a submarine pipeline system ,/i'/.
e:'ept +%r pipeline risers is l%'ate* bel%, t/e ,ater sur+a'e at ma:imum ti*e- T/e pipeline may. be restin(
,/%lly %r intermittently %n. %r burie* bel%,. t/e seabe*-
848 Submarine Pipeline System0 a submarine pipeline system e:ten*s t% t/e +irst ,el* bey%n*0
1 t/e +irst )al)e. +lan(e %r '%nne'ti%n ab%)e ,ater %n plat+%rm %r +l%ater
1 t/e '%nne'ti%n p%int t% t/e subsea installati%n Ci-e- pipin( mani+%l*s are n%t in'lu*e*4
1 t/e +irst )al)e. +lan(e. '%nne'ti%n %r insulati%n G%int at a lan*+all unless %t/er,ise spe'i+ie* by t/e %n-s/%re
le(islati%n-
T/e '%mp%nent ab%)e C)al)e. +lan(e. '%nne'ti%n. insulati%n G%int4 in'lu*es any pup pie'es. i-e- t/e submarine
pipeline system e:ten*s t% t/e ,el* bey%n* t/e pup pie'e-
844 Submerged ,one0 T/e part %+ t/e pipeline system %r installati%n bel%, t/e splas/ J%ne. in'lu*in( burie* parts-
84# Supplementary re*uirements0 Re2uirements +%r material pr%perties %+ linepipe t/at are e:tra t% t/e
a**iti%nal re2uirements t% ISO an* t/at are inten*e* t% apply t% pipe use* +%r spe'i+i' appli'ati%ns-
845 System effects0 System e++e'ts are rele)ant in 'ases ,/ere many pipe se'ti%ns are subGe'te* t% an
in)ariant l%a*in( '%n*iti%n. an* p%tential stru'tural +ailure may %''ur in '%nne'ti%n ,it/ t/e l%,est stru'tural
resistan'e am%n( t/e pipe se'ti%ns. see Se'-; 3#00-
84& System pressure test0 Final test %+ t/e '%mplete pipeline system. see Se'-= !"00-
842 Target nominal failure probability0 A n%minal a''eptable pr%bability %+ stru'tural +ailure- 3r%ss err%rs
are n%t in'lu*e*. see Se'-" =00-
84: Temperature+ design+ ma"imum0 T/e /i(/est p%ssible temperature pr%+ile t% ,/i'/ t/e e2uipment %r
system may be e:p%se* t% *urin( installati%n an* %perati%n C100-year )alue4-
8#* Temperature+ design+ minimum0 T/e l%,est p%ssible temperature pr%+ile t% ,/i'/ t/e '%mp%nent %r
system may be e:p%se* t% *urin( installati%n an* %perati%n C100-year )alue4- T/is may be applie* l%'ally. see
Se'-; !10>-
8#) Temperature+ operation0 Representati)e temperature pr%+ileCs4 *urin( %perati%n-
8#4 Test unit0 A pres'ribe* 2uantity %+ pipe t/at is ma*e t% t/e spe'i+ie* %uter *iameter an* spe'i+ie* ,all
t/i'&ness. by t/e same pipe-manu+a'turin( pr%'ess. +r%m t/e same /eat. an* un*er t/e same pipe-
manu+a'turin( '%n*iti%ns-
8#8 Threats0 An in*i'ati%n %+ impen*in( *an(er %r /arm t% t/e pipeline system-
8#4 Tide: See Se'-# ;00-
8## 3ltimate Tensile Strength /3TS0: T/e measure* ultimate tensile stren(t/-
8#5 ;erification0 An e:aminati%n t% '%n+irm t/at an a'ti)ity. a pr%*u't %r a ser)i'e is in a''%r*an'e ,it/
spe'i+ie* re2uirements-
8#& 6eld+ strip/plate end0 @el* t/at G%ins strip %r plate G%ins t%(et/er-
8#2 6or.0 All a'ti)ities t% be per+%rme* ,it/in rele)ant '%ntra'tCs4 issue* by O,ner. Operat%r. %ntra't%r
%r 6anu+a'turer-
8#: 9ield Stress CRS40 T/e measure* yiel* tensile stress-
85* <==(year load effect: T/e l%a* ,it/ an annual pr%bability %+ 10
-"
%+ e:'ee*an'e in a peri%* %+ %ne year
8SU ? V81V W V8"V W V8#V
81 ? /i(/est astr%n%mi' ti*e le)el CHAT4
8" ? <0L %+ t/e splas/ J%ne ,a)e-relate* /ei(/t *e+ine* in #;0
8# ? settlement %r *%,n,ar* m%ti%n %+ t/e riser. i+ appli'able
!ec.$ +eneral - 0age '1
D. A66re-ia%i!ns an" S7$6!ls
D )** A66re-ia%i!ns
ABS A''i*ental Bimit State
AR A**iti%nal Re2uirement t% t/e state* ISO stan*ar*
API Ameri'an Petr%leum Institute
APS Appli'ati%n Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%n
ASD All%,able Stress Desi(n
AS6E Ameri'an S%'iety %+ 6e'/ani'al En(ineers
AST6 Ameri'an S%'iety +%r Testin( an* 6aterials
A8T Aut%mate* 8ltras%ni' Testin(
!E !est Estimate
!6 !ase material
!S !ritis/ Stan*ar*
la* pipe
-6n arb%n 6an(anese
6OD ra'& 6%ut/ Openin( Displa'ement
P at/%*i' Pr%te'ti%n
RA %rr%si%n Resistant All%y
TOD ra'& Tip Openin( Displa'ement
VN /arpy V-N%t'/
DA Distan'e Amplitu*e %rre'ti%n
D Displa'ement '%ntr%lle*
DFI Desi(n. Fabri'ati%n an* Installati%n
DNV Det N%rs&e Veritas
DP Dynami' P%siti%nin(
D@TT Dr%p @ei(/t Tear Testin(
E!@ Ele'tr%n !eam @el*e*
E E**y urrent Testin(
EA En(ineerin( riti'al Assessment
EDI Ele'tr%ni' Data Inter'/an(e
E6S Ele'tr% 6a(neti' Stirrin(
ER@ Ele'tri' Resistan'e @el*in(
ESD Emer(en'y S/ut D%,n
FEED Fr%nt En* En(ineerin( Desi(n
F7 Fiel* 7%int %atin(
FBS Fati(ue Bimit State
F6EA Failure 6%*e E++e't Analysis
3-FA@ 3as-Flu: %re Ar' @el*in(
36A@ 3as 6etal Ar' @el*in(
HAT Hi(/est Astr%n%mi'al Ti*e
HAU Heat A++e'te* U%ne
HAUOP HaJar* an* Operability Stu*y
HF@ Hi(/ Fre2uen'y @el*in(
HIPPS Hi(/ Inte(rity Pressure Pr%te'ti%n System
HI Hy*r%(en In*u'e* ra'&in(
HIS Hy*r%(en In*u'e* Stress ra'&in(
ID Internal Diameter
I6 Installati%n 6anual
I6A Internati%nal 6arine %ntra't%rNs Ass%'iati%n
ISO Internati%nal Or(aniJati%n +%r Stan*ar*iJati%n
ITP Inspe'ti%n an* Testin( Plan
7O Pipe +abri'ati%n pr%'ess +%r ,el*e* pipes
7OE Pipe +abri'ati%n pr%'ess +%r ,el*e* pipes. e:pan*e*
7-R 'ur)e Pl%t %+ resistan'e t% stable 'ra'& (r%,t/ +%r establis/in( 'ra'& e:tensi%n
KV /arpy )alue
KVB /arpy )alue in pipe l%n(itu*inal *ire'ti%n
KVT /arpy )alue in pipe trans)ersal *ire'ti%n
B Bine* pipe %r l%a* e++e't
BAT B%,est Astr%n%mi' Ti*e
B! B%,er !%un*
B B%a* '%ntr%lle*
B!@ Baser !eam @el*e*
B!U B%'al !rittle U%nes
BRFD B%a* an* Resistan'e Fa't%r Desi(n
BSU Splas/ U%ne B%,er Bimit
6IA 6artensiti'IAustenite
6AIP 6a:imum All%,able In'i*ental Pressure
6AOP 6a:imum All%,able Operatin( Pressure
6DS 6aterial Data S/eet
6P5T 6anu+a'turin( Pr%'e*ure 5uali+i'ati%n Test
6PS 6anu+a'turin( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%n
6R 6%*i+ie* Re2uirement t% t/e state* ISO stan*ar*
6SA 6anu+a'turin( Sur)ey Arran(ement
6T 6a(neti' Parti'le Testin(
6@P 6ultiple @el*in( Pr%'ess
N N%rmalise*
NAE Nati%nal Ass%'iati%n %+ %rr%si%n En(ineers
NDT N%n-Destru'ti)e Testin(
P Pr%*u'ti%n
PS Pipeline %ntr%l System
PFD Pr%bability %+ Failure %n Deman*
PI6 Pipeline Inte(rity 6ana(ement
PPT Pre-Pr%*u'ti%n Trial
PRE Pittin( Resistan'e E2ui)alent
PRB Primary Re+eren'e Be)el
PSS Pipeline Sa+ety System
PT Penetrant Testin(
PTFE P%ly Tetra Fl%ur Et/ylene
P@HT P%st ,el* /eat treatment
p@PS preliminary @el*in( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%n
P5T Pr%'e*ure 5uali+i'ati%n Trial
5 5uali+i'ati%n
5A 5uality Assuran'e
5 5uality %ntr%l
5P 5uality Plan
5RA 5uantitati)e Ris& Assessment
5T 5uen'/e* an* Tempere*
ROV Rem%tely Operate* Ve/i'le
RT Ra*i%(rap/i' testin(
SA@H Submer(e* Ar'-,el*in( Heli'al
SA@B Submer(e* Ar'-,el*in( B%n(itu*inal
S Sa+ety lass
SF Stress %n'entrati%n Fa't%r
D 4** S7$6!ls la%in charac%ers
SR Steel atenary Riser
SEN! Sin(le E*(e N%t'/e* !en* +ra'ture me'/ani's spe'imen
SENT Sin(le E*(e N%t'/e* Tensi%n +ra'ture me'/ani's spe'imen
SBS Ser)i'eability Bimit State
S6A@ S/iel*e* 6etal Ar' @el*in(
S6BS Seamless Pipe
S6TS Spe'i+ie* 6inimum Tensile Stren(t/
S6RS Spe'i+ie* 6inimum Riel* Stress
SN Stress )ersus number %+ 'y'les t% +ailure
SNF Strain %n'entrati%n Fa't%r
SRA Stru'tural Reliability Analysis
SS Sulp/i*e Stress ra'&in(
ST Sur+a'e testin(
T6 T,% ur)e 6et/%*
T6P T/erm%-6e'/ani'al %ntr%lle* Pr%'ess
TOFD Time %+ Fli(/t Di++ra'ti%n
TR! T/ree R%ll !en*in(
8! 8pper !%un*
8BS 8ltimate Bimit State
8O Pipe +abri'ati%n pr%'ess +%r ,el*e* pipes
8OE Pipe +abri'ati%n pr%'ess +%r ,el*e* pipes. e:pan*e*
8SU Splas/ U%ne 8pper Bimit
8T 8ltras%ni' testin(
8TS 8ltimate Tensile Stren(t/
VT Visual Testin(
@6 @el* 6etal
@P5T @el*in( Pr%'e*ure 5uali+i'ati%n Test
@PS @el*in( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%n
RS Riel* Stress
a ra'& *ept/
A r%ss se'ti%n area
A
e
Pipe e:ternal 'r%ss se'ti%n area
A
i
Pipe internal 'r%ss se'ti%n area
A
s
Pipe steel 'r%ss se'ti%n area
! Spe'imen ,i*t/
D N%minal %utsi*e *iameter-
D
+at
6inerNs sum
DFF Desi(n Fati(ue Fa't%r. E2- =-#"
D
i
DE"t
n%m
N%minal internal *iameter
D
ma:
3reatest measure* insi*e %r %utsi*e *iameter
D
min
Smallest measure* insi*e %r %utsi*e *iameter
E R%un(As 6%*ulus
+
0
O)ality
+
'b
6inimum %+ +
y
an* +
u
I1-1=. see E2- =-H
+
u
Tensile stren(t/ t% be use* in *esi(n. see E2- =-=
+
u.temp
Deratin( %n tensile stress t% be use* in *esi(n. see E2- =-=
"
;

( )
"
"
;
t
( ) t t

min ma:
X

+
y
Riel* stress t% be use* in *esi(n. see E2- =-;
+
y.temp
Deratin( %n yiel* stress t% be use* in *esi(n. see E2- =-;
( 3ra)ity a''elerati%n
H Resi*ual lay tensi%n. see E2- ;-10 an* E2- ;-11
/
bea*
Hei(/t %+ ,el* bea* in'lu*in( misali(nment. see e-(- Table D-;
/
l
Ele)ati%n at pressure p%int. see E2- ;-1
H
p
Permanent plasti' *ent *ept/
/
re+
Ele)ati%n at pressure re+eren'e le)el. see E2- ;-1
H
s
Si(ni+i'ant ,a)e /ei(/t
ID N%minal insi*e *iameter
& number %+ stress bl%'&s
B /ara'teristi' l%a* e++e't
6 6%ment
N A:ial +%r'e in pipe ,all CStrueT +%r'e4 Ctensi%n is p%siti)e4 %r Number %+ l%a* e++e't 'y'les
n
i
Number %+ stress bl%'&s
N
i
Number %+ stress 'y'les t% +ailure at '%nstant amplitu*e
O Out %+ r%un*ness. D
ma:
- D
min
p
b
Pressure '%ntainment resistan'e. see E2- =-F
p
'
/ara'teristi' '%llapse pressure. see E2- =-11
p
*
Desi(n pressure
P
Di
CiNt/4 Dama(in( e)ent. see E2- =-#;
p
e
E:ternal pressure
p
el
Elasti' '%llapse pressure. see E2- =-1"
p
+
Failure pr%bability
p
+.T
Tar(et n%minal +ailure pr%bability. see Table "-=
p
/
6ill test pressure. see Se'-< E100
p
i
/ara'teristi' internal pressure
p
in'
In'i*ental pressure
p
init
Initiati%n pressure
p
l*
B%'al *esi(n pressure
p
li
B%'al in'i*ental pressure. see E2- ;-1
p
lt
B%'al test pressure Csystem test4. see E2- ;-"
p
p
Plasti' '%llapse pressure. see E2- =-1#
p
pr
Pr%pa(atin( pressure. see E2- =-1>
p
pr.A
Pr%pa(atin( bu'&le 'apa'ity %+ in+inite bu'&le arrest%r
p
t
System test pressure. see E2- ;-" an* =-1
p
:
r%ss%)er pressure. see E2- =-1F
R 3l%bal ben*in( ra*ius %+ pipe. Rea'ti%n +%r'e %r Resistan'e
R
m
Tensile stren(t/
R
p:
Stren(t/ e2ui)alent t% a permanent el%n(ati%n %+ :L Ca'tual stress4
R
t:
Stren(t/ e2ui)alent t% a t%tal el%n(ati%n %+ :L Ca'tual stress4
S E++e'ti)e a:ial +%r'e CTensi%n is p%siti)e4
t
'
/ara'teristi' t/i'&ness t% be repla'e* by t
1
%r t
"
as rele)ant. see Table =->
T Temperature
t. t
n%m
N%minal ,all t/i'&ness %+ pipe Cun-'%rr%*e*4
T
0
Testin( temperature
t
1
. t
"
Pipe ,all t/i'&ness. see Table =->
t
'%rr
%rr%si%n all%,an'e. see Table =->
T
'
IT
'N
%ntin(en'y time +%r %perati%nI'easin( %perati%n. see Se'-; >00
t
+ab
Fabri'ati%n t/i'&ness t%leran'e. see Table <-1F
t
m.min
6easure* minimum t/i'&ness
T
ma:
6a:imum *esi(n temperature. see Se'-; !100
D 8** S7$6!ls gree0 charac%ers
T
min
6inimum *esi(n temperature. see Se'-; !100
t
min
6inimum t/i'&ness
T
p%p
Planne* %perati%nal peri%*. see Se'-; >00
T
R
IT
RN
Re+eren'e peri%* +%r %perati%nI'easin( %perati%n. see Se'-; >00
T
Sa+e
Planne* time t% 'ease %perati%n. see Se'-; >00
T
@F
Time bet,een (enerate* ,eat/er +%re'asts-
@ Se'ti%n m%*ulus %r Spe'imen t/i'&ness-
@
sub
Submer(e* ,ei(/t
T/ermal e:pansi%n '%e++i'ient
'
Fl%, stress parameter. see E2- =-""
+ab
Fabri'ati%n +a't%r. see Table =-=
(,
3irt/ ,el* +a't%r Cstrain resistan'e4. see E2- =-#0
/
train /ar*enin(
mpt
6ill pressure test +a't%r. see Table =-H
p
Pressure +a't%r use* in '%mbine* l%a*in( 'riteria. see E2- =-1H
pm
Plasti' m%ment re*u'ti%n +a't%r +%r p%int l%a*s. see E2- =-">
spt
System pressure test +a't%r. see Table =-H
8
6aterial stren(t/ +a't%r. see Table =-;
Fa't%r use* in '%mbine* l%a*in( 'riteria
Strain
'
/ara'teristi' ben*in( strain resistan'e. see E2- =-#0
+
A''umulate* plasti' strain resistan'e
l-n%m
T%tal n%minal l%n(itu*inal strain
p
Plasti' strain
r
Resi*ual strain
r.r%t
Resi*ual strain limit
A
B%a* e++e't +a't%r +%r a''i*ental l%a*. see Table ;-;
'
%n*iti%n l%a* e++e't +a't%r. see Table ;-=
E
B%a* e++e't +a't%r +%r en)ir%nmental l%a*. see Table ;-;
Resistan'e +a't%r. strain resistan'e. see Table =-10
F
B%a* e++e't +a't%r +%r +un'ti%nal l%a*. see Table ;-;
in'
In'i*ental t% *esi(n pressure rati%. see Table #-1
m
6aterial resistan'e +a't%r. see Table =-"
r%t
Sa+ety +a't%r +%r resi*ual strain
S
Sa+ety 'lass resistan'e +a't%r. see Table =-#
8sa(e +a't%r
ur)ature
P%iss%nNs rati%
Fri'ti%n '%e++i'ient
'%nt
Density pipeline '%ntent
t
Density pipeline '%ntent *urin( system pressure test
Stan*ar* *e)iati%n %+ a )ariable Ce-(- t/i'&ness4
e
E2ui)alent stress. V%n 6ises. see E2- =-;1
/
H%%p stress. see E2- =-;"
l
B%n(itu*inalIa:ial stress. see E2- =-;#

l/
Tan(ential s/ear stress
ma:
= . 0
|
|
\
|
m
t
R
R
D 4** S'6scri(%s
A A''i*ental l%a*
!A !u'&le arrest%r
' /ara'teristi' resistan'e
* Desi(n )alue
E En)ir%nmental l%a*
e E:ternal
el Elasti'
F Fun'ti%nal l%a*
/ ir'um+erential *ire'ti%n C/%%p *ire'ti%n4
H ir'um+erential *ire'ti%n C/%%p *ire'ti%n4
i Internal
B A:ial Cl%n(itu*inal4 *ire'ti%n
6 6%ment
mpt 6ill Pressure Test
p Plasti'
R Ra*ial *ire'ti%n
R* Desi(n resistan'e Ci-e- in'lu*in( partial resistan'e +a't%rs4
s Steel
S SBS
S* Desi(n l%a* Ci-e- in'lu*in( l%a* e++e't +a't%rs4
spt System Pressure Test
8 8BS
P r%ss%)er Cbu'&le arrest%rs4
!ec.& !afety 0hilosophy - 0age 1%
SECT;ON 4
SAFETG 9H;OSO9HG
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is se'ti%n presents t/e %)erall sa+ety p/il%s%p/y t/at s/all be applie* in t/e '%n'ept *e)el%pment.
*esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n. %perati%n an* aban*%nment %+ pipelines-
A 4** A((lica%i!n
4*) T/is se'ti%n applies t% all submarine pipeline systems ,/i'/ are t% be built an* %perate* in a''%r*an'e
,it/ t/is stan*ar*-
4*4 T/e inte(rity %+ a submarine pipeline system s/all be ensure* t/r%u(/ all p/ases. +r%m initial '%n'ept
t/r%u(/ t% +inal *e-'%mmissi%nin(. see Fi(ure 1- T,% inte(rity sta(es are *e+ine*0
1 establis/ inte(rity in t/e '%n'ept *e)el%pment. *esi(n an* '%nstru'ti%n p/asesO an*
1 maintain inte(rity in t/e %perati%ns p/ase-
4*8 T/is se'ti%n als% pr%)i*es (ui*an'e +%r e:tensi%n %+ t/is stan*ar* in terms %+ ne, 'riteria. et'-
3. Sa+e%7 9hil!s!(h7 S%r'c%'re
3 )** General
)*) T/e inte(rity %+ t/e submarine pipeline system is ensure* t/r%u(/ a sa+ety p/il%s%p/y inte(ratin(
*i++erent parts as illustrate* in Fi(ure "-
)*4 T/e %)erall sa+ety prin'iples an* t/e arran(ement %+ sa+ety systems s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ DNV-
OS-A101 an* DNV-OS-E"01- See als% Se'-# D-
3 4** Sa+e%7 !6Aec%i-e
4*) An %)erall sa+ety %bGe'ti)e s/all be establis/e*. planne* an* implemente*. '%)erin( all p/ases +r%m
'%n'eptual *e)el%pment until aban*%nment-
G'i"ance n!%eF
6%st '%mpanies /a)e a p%li'y re(ar*in( /uman aspe'ts. en)ir%nment an* +inan'ial issues- T/ese are typi'ally %n an
%)erall le)el. but may be +%ll%,e* by m%re *etaile* %bGe'ti)es an* re2uirements in spe'i+i' areas- T/ese p%li'ies
s/%ul* be use* as a basis +%r *e+inin( t/e Sa+ety ObGe'ti)e +%r a spe'i+i' pipeline system- Typi'al statements may be0
- T/e impa't %n t/e en)ir%nment s/all be re*u'e* t% as +ar as reas%nably p%ssible-
- N% releases ,ill be a''epte* *urin( %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline system-
- T/ere s/all be n% seri%us a''i*ents %r l%ss %+ li+e *urin( t/e '%nstru'ti%n peri%*-
- T/e pipeline installati%n s/all n%t. un*er any 'ir'umstan'es imp%se any t/reat t% +is/in( (ear-
- Di)erless installati%n an* maintenan'e-
Statements su'/ as t/%se ab%)e may /a)e impli'ati%ns +%r all %r in*i)i*ual p/ases %nly- T/ey are typi'ally m%re
rele)ant +%r t/e ,%r& e:e'uti%n Ci-e- /%, t/e %ntra't%r e:e'utes /is G%b4 an* spe'i+i' *esi(n s%luti%ns Ce-(- burial %r
n% burial4- Ha)in( *e+ine* t/e Sa+ety ObGe'ti)e. it 'an be a p%int %+ *is'ussi%n as t% ,/et/er t/is is bein(
a''%mplis/e* in t/e a'tual pr%Ge't- It is t/ere+%re re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e %)erall Sa+ety ObGe'ti)e be +%ll%,e* up by
m%re spe'i+i'. measurable re2uirements-
I+ n% p%li'y is a)ailable. %r i+ it is *i++i'ult t% *e+ine t/e sa+ety %bGe'ti)e. %ne '%ul* als% start ,it/ a ris& assessment-
T/e ris& assessment '%ul* i*enti+y all /aJar*s an* t/eir '%nse2uen'es. an* t/en enable ba'&-e:trap%lati%n t% *e+ine
a''eptan'e 'riteria an* areas t/at nee* t% be +%ll%,e* up m%re 'l%sely-
T/e stru'tural +ailure pr%bability is re+le'te* in t/e '/%i'e %+ t/ree sa+ety 'lasses Csee !;004- T/e '/%i'e %+ sa+ety 'lass
s/%ul* als% in'lu*e '%nsi*erati%n %+ t/e e:presse* sa+ety %bGe'ti)e-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
!ec.& !afety 0hilosophy - 0age 1$
Y in*i'ates Se'ti%n in t/is Stan*ar*-
Fig're )
;n%egri%7 ass'rance ac%i-i%ies "'ring %he (i(eline s7s%e$ (hases
Fig're 4
Sa+e%7 9hil!s!(h7 s%r'c%'re
3 8** S7s%e$a%ic re-ie1 !+ ris0s
8*) A systemati' re)ie, s/all be 'arrie* %ut at all p/ases t% i*enti+y an* e)aluate t/reats. t/e '%nse2uen'es
%+ sin(le +ailures an* series %+ +ailures in t/e pipeline system. su'/ t/at ne'essary reme*ial measures 'an be
ta&en- T/e e:tent %+ t/e re)ie, %r analysis s/all re+le't t/e 'riti'ality %+ t/e pipeline system. t/e 'riti'ality %+ a
planne* %perati%n. an* pre)i%us e:perien'e ,it/ similar systems %r %perati%ns- T/e un'ertainty in t/e applie*
ris& re)ie, m%*el itsel+ s/all als% be 2uali+ie*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
A met/%*%l%(y +%r su'/ a systemati' re)ie, is 2uantitati)e ris& analysis C5RA4- T/is may pr%)i*e an estimati%n %+
t/e %)erall ris& t% /uman /ealt/ an* sa+ety. en)ir%nment an* assets an* '%mprises0
- /aJar* i*enti+i'ati%n
- assessment %+ pr%babilities %+ +ailure e)ents
- a''i*ent *e)el%pments
- '%nse2uen'e an* ris& assessment-
T/e s'%pe %+ t/e systemati' re)ie, s/%ul* '%mprise t/e entire pipeline system. an* n%t Gust t/e submarine pipeline
system-

!
u
s
i
n
e
s
s

*
e
)
e
l
%
p
m
e
n
t
%
n
'
e
p
t

*
e
)
e
l
%
p
m
e
n
t
!
a
s
i
'

*
e
s
i
(
n
D
e
t
a
i
l

*
e
s
i
(
n
B
i
n
e
p
i
p
e
%
m
p
%
n
e
n
t
s

a
n
*

a
s
s
e
m
b
l
i
e
s
%
r
r
%
s
i
%
n

p
r
%
t
e
'
t
i
%
n

a
n
*

,
e
i
(
/
t

'
%
a
t
i
n
(
P
r
e
-
i
n
t
e
r
)
e
n
t
i
%
n
I
n
s
t
a
l
l
a
t
i
%
n
P
%
s
t
-
i
n
t
e
r
)
e
n
t
i
%
n
P
r
e
-
'
%
m
m
i
s
s
i
%
n
i
n
(
%
m
m
i
s
s
i
%
n
i
n
(
I
n
t
e
(
r
i
t
y

m
a
n
a
(
e
m
e
n
t
I
n
s
p
e
'
t
i
%
n

a
n
*

r
e
p
a
i
r
R
e
-
2
u
a
l
i
+
i
'
a
t
i
%
n
< F H
%nstru'ti%n Operati%n
Establis/ Inte(rity 6aintain Inte(rity
A
b
a
n
*
%
n
m
e
n
t
11 "Y 9 # ;. = 9 > 10
%n'ept Desi(n

!ec.& !afety 0hilosophy - 0age 1&
It s/%ul* be n%te* t/at le(islati%n in s%me '%untries re2uires ris& analysis t% be per+%rme*. at least at an %)erall le)el
t% i*enti+y 'riti'al s'enari%s t/at mi(/t Ge%par*ise t/e sa+ety an* reliability %+ a pipeline system- Ot/er met/%*%l%(ies
+%r i*enti+i'ati%n %+ p%tential /aJar*s are Failure 6%*e an* E++e't Analysis CF6EA4 an* HaJar* an* Operability
stu*ies CHAUOP4-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*4 Spe'ial attenti%n s/all be (i)en t% se'ti%ns 'l%se t% installati%ns %r s/%re appr%a'/es ,/ere t/ere is
+re2uent /uman a'ti)ity an* t/us a (reater li&eli/%%* an* '%nse2uen'e %+ *ama(e t% t/e pipeline- T/is als%
in'lu*es areas ,/ere pipelines are installe* parallel t% e:istin( pipelines an* pipeline 'r%ssin(s-
3 4** Design cri%eria (rinci(les
4*) Sa+ety %+ t/e pipeline system is ensure* by use %+ a sa+ety 'lass met/%*%l%(y- T/e pipeline system is
'lassi+ie* int% %ne %r m%re sa+ety 'lasses base* %n +ailure '%nse2uen'es. n%rmally (i)en by t/e '%ntent an*
l%'ati%n- F%r ea'/ sa+ety 'lass. a set %+ partial sa+ety +a't%rs is assi(ne* t% ea'/ limit state-
3 #** E'ali%7 ass'rance
#*) T/e sa+ety +%rmat re2uires t/at (r%ss err%rs C/uman err%rs4 s/all be '%ntr%lle* by re2uirements +%r
%r(anisati%n %+ t/e ,%r&. '%mpeten'e %+ pers%ns per+%rmin( t/e ,%r&. )eri+i'ati%n %+ t/e *esi(n. an* 2uality
assuran'e *urin( all rele)ant p/ases-
#*4 It is assume* t/at t/e %perat%r %+ a pipeline system /as establis/e* a 2uality %bGe'ti)e- T/e %perat%r s/all.
in b%t/ internal an* e:ternal 2uality relate* aspe'ts. see& t% a'/ie)e t/e 2uality le)el %+ pr%*u'ts an* ser)i'es
inten*e* in t/e 2uality %bGe'ti)e- Furt/er. t/e %perat%r s/all pr%)i*e assuran'e t/at inten*e* 2uality is bein(.
%r ,ill be. a'/ie)e*-
#*8 D%'umente* 2uality systems s/all be applie* by %perat%rs an* %t/er parties Ce-(- *esi(n '%ntra't%rs.
manu+a'tures. +abri'at%rs an* installati%n '%ntra't%rs4 t% ensure t/at pr%*u'ts. pr%'esses an* ser)i'es ,ill be
in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements- E++e'ti)e implementati%n %+ 2uality systems s/all be *%'umente*-
#*4 Repeate* %''urren'e %+ n%n-'%n+%rmities re+le'tin( systemati' *e)iati%ns +r%m pr%'e*ures an*I%r
ina*e2uate ,%r&mans/ip s/all initiate0
1 in)esti(ati%n int% t/e 'auses %+ t/e n%n-'%n+%rmities
1 reassessment %+ t/e 2uality system
1 '%rre'ti)e a'ti%n t% establis/ p%ssible a''eptability %+ pr%*u'ts
1 pre)entati)e a'ti%n t% pre)ent re-%''urren'e %+ similar n%n-'%n+%rmities-
G'i"ance n!%eF
ISO H000 (i)e (ui*an'e %n t/e sele'ti%n an* use %+ 2uality systems-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*# 5uality sur)eillan'e in t/e '%nstru'ti%n p/ase s/all be per+%rme* by t/e %perat%r %r an inspe't%rate
n%minate* by t/e %perat%r- T/e e:tent %+ 2uality sur)eillan'e s/all be su++i'ient t% establis/ t/at spe'i+ie*
re2uirements are +ul+ille* an* t/at t/e inten*e* 2uality le)el is maintaine*-
#*5 T% ensure sa+ety *urin( %perati%ns p/ase. an inte(rity mana(ement system in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-11
s/all be establis/e* an* maintaine*-
3 5** Heal%h= sa+e%7 an" en-ir!n$en%
5*) T/e '%n'ept *e)el%pment. *esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n. %perati%n an* aban*%nment %+ t/e pipeline system s/all
be '%n*u'te* in '%mplian'e ,it/ nati%nal le(islati%n an* '%mpany p%li'y ,it/ respe't t% /ealt/. sa+ety an*
en)ir%nmental aspe'ts-
5*4 T/e sele'ti%n %+ materials an* pr%'esses s/all be '%n*u'te* ,it/ *ue re(ar* t% t/e sa+ety %+ t/e publi'
an* empl%yees an* t% t/e pr%te'ti%n %+ t/e en)ir%nment-
C. Ris0 3asis +!r Design
C )** General
)*) T/e *esi(n +%rmat is base* up%n a limit state an* partial sa+ety +a't%r met/%*%l%(y. als% 'alle* B%a* an*
Resistan'e Fa't%r Desi(n +%rmat CBRFD4- T/e l%a* an* resistan'e +a't%rs *epen* %n t/e sa+ety 'lass. ,/i'/
'/ara'teriJes t/e '%nse2uen'es %+ +ailure-
C 4** Ca%eg!risa%i!n !+ +l'i"s
4*) Flui*s t% be transp%rte* by t/e pipeline system s/all be 'ate(%rise* a''%r*in( t% t/eir /aJar* p%tential as
(i)en by Table "-1-
!ec.& !afety 0hilosophy - 0age 1'
G'i"ance n!%eF
It is re'%mmen*e* t% 'ate(%riJe O
"
pipelines as m%re se)ere by ate(%ry E unless l%n( %perati%nal e:perien'e e:ist
by t/e %perat%r %+ O
"
pipeline %+ similar '%mp%siti%n an* %perate* in similar manner- Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r
pipelines '%n)eyin( O
"
is (i)en in DNV-RP-7"0"-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 3ases %r li2ui*s n%t spe'i+i'ally i*enti+ie* in Table "-1 s/%ul* be 'lassi+ie* in t/e 'ate(%ry '%ntainin(
+lui*s m%st similar in /aJar* p%tential t% t/%se 2u%te*- I+ t/e +lui* 'ate(%ry is n%t 'lear. t/e m%st /aJar*%us
'ate(%ry s/all be assume*-
C 8** !ca%i!n classes
8*) T/e pipeline system s/all be 'lassi+ie* int% l%'ati%n 'lasses as *e+ine* in Table "-"-
C 4** Sa+e%7 classes
4*) Pipeline *esi(n s/all be base* %n p%tential +ailure '%nse2uen'e- T/is is impli'it by t/e '%n'ept %+ sa+ety
'lass- T/e sa+ety 'lass may )ary +%r *i++erent p/ases an* l%'ati%ns- T/e sa+ety 'lasses are *e+ine* in Table "-#-
4*4 T/e partial sa+ety +a't%rs relate* t% t/e sa+ety 'lass are (i)en in Se'-= "00-
4*8 F%r n%rmal use. t/e sa+ety 'lasses in Table "-; apply0
Ta6le 4-) Classi+ica%i!n !+ +l'i"s
%ategory escription
A Typi'al n%n-+lammable ,ater-base* +lui*s-
! Flammable an*I%r t%:i' +lui*s ,/i'/ are li2ui*s at ambient temperature an* atm%sp/eri' pressure
'%n*iti%ns- Typi'al e:amples are %il an* petr%leum pr%*u'ts- 6et/an%l is an e:ample %+ a +lammable an*
t%:i' +lui*-
N%n-+lammable +lui*s ,/i'/ are n%n-t%:i' (ases at ambient temperature an* atm%sp/eri' pressure
'%n*iti%ns- Typi'al e:amples are nitr%(en. 'arb%n *i%:i*e. ar(%n an* air-
D N%n-t%:i'. sin(le-p/ase natural (as-
E Flammable an*I%r t%:i' +lui*s ,/i'/ are (ases at ambient temperature an* atm%sp/eri' pressure '%n*iti%ns
an* ,/i'/ are '%n)eye* as (ases an*I%r li2ui*s- Typi'al e:amples ,%ul* be /y*r%(en. natural (as Cn%t
%t/er,ise '%)ere* un*er 'ate(%ry D4. et/ane. et/ylene. li2ue+ie* petr%leum (as Csu'/ as pr%pane an*
butane4. natural (as li2ui*s. amm%nia. an* '/l%rine-
Ta6le 4-4 Classi+ica%i!n !+ l!ca%i!n
#ocation efinition
1 T/e area ,/ere n% +re2uent /uman a'ti)ity is anti'ipate* al%n( t/e pipeline r%ute-
" T/e part %+ t/e pipelineIriser in t/e near plat+%rm Cmanne*4 area %r in areas ,it/ +re2uent /uman a'ti)ity-
T/e e:tent %+ l%'ati%n 'lass " s/%ul* be base* %n appr%priate ris& analyses- I+ n% su'/ analyses are
per+%rme* a minimum /%riJ%ntal *istan'e %+ =00 m s/all be a*%pte*-
Ta6le 4-8 Classi+ica%i!n !+ sa+e%7 classes
Safety class efinition
B%, @/ere +ailure implies insi(ni+i'ant ris& %+ /uman inGury an* min%r en)ir%nmental an* e'%n%mi' '%nse2uen'es
6e*ium @/ere +ailure implies l%, ris& %+ /uman inGury. min%r en)ir%nmental p%lluti%n %r /i(/ e'%n%mi' %r
p%liti'al '%nse2uen'es-
Hi(/ lassi+i'ati%n +%r %peratin( '%n*iti%ns ,/ere +ailure implies ris& %+ /uman inGury. si(ni+i'ant
en)ir%nmental p%lluti%n %r )ery /i(/ e'%n%mi' %r p%liti'al '%nse2uen'es
Ta6le 4-4 N!r$al classi+ica%i!n !+ sa+e%7 classes
)/
Phase &luid %ategory )+ % &luid %ategory -+ and !
#ocation %lass #ocation %lass
1 " 1 "
Temp%rary
".#
B%, B%, - -
Operati%nal B%, 6e*ium
;
6e*ium Hi(/
14 Ot/er 'lassi+i'ati%ns may e:ist *epen*in( %n t/e '%n*iti%ns an* 'riti'ality %+ +ailure t/e pipeline- F%r pipelines ,/ere s%me
'%nse2uen'es are m%re se)ere t/an n%rmal. i-e- ,/en t/e table ab%)e *%es n%t apply. t/e sele'ti%n %+ a /i(/er sa+ety 'lass s/all
als% '%nsi*er t/e impli'ati%n. %n t/e t%tal (aine* sa+ety- I+ t/e t%tal sa+ety in'rease is mar(inal. t/e sele'ti%n %+ a /i(/er sa+ety
'lass may n%t be Gusti+ie*-
"4 Installati%n until pre-'%mmissi%nin( Ctemp%rary p/ase4 ,ill n%rmally be 'lassi+ie* as sa+ety 'lass B%,-
#4 F%r sa+ety 'lassi+i'ati%n %+ temp%rary p/ases a+ter '%mmissi%nin(. spe'ial '%nsi*erati%n s/all be ma*e t% t/e '%nse2uen'es %+
+ailure. i-e- (i)in( a /i(/er sa+ety 'lass t/an B%,-
;4 Risers *urin( n%rmal %perati%n ,ill n%rmally be 'lassi+ie* as sa+ety 'lass Hi(/-
!ec.& !afety 0hilosophy - 0age 11
C #** Relia6ili%7 anal7sis
#*) As an alternati)e t% t/e spe'i+i' BRFD Can* ASD4 +%rmat. a re'%(nise* stru'tural reliability analysis
SRA4 base* *esi(n met/%* may be applie* pr%)i*e* t/at0
1 t/e met/%* '%mplies ,it/ DNV lassi+i'ati%n N%te n%- #0-> SStructural reliability analysis of marine
structuresT
1 t/e appr%a'/ is *em%nstrate* t% pr%)i*e a*e2uate sa+ety +%r +amiliar 'ases. as in*i'ate* by t/is stan*ar*-
Reliability base* limit state *esi(n s/all n%t be use* t% repla'e t/e sa+ety +a't%rs +%r pressure '%ntainment
'riteri%n in Se'-= ,it/ t/e e:'epti%n %+ a''i*ental pressure- A''i*ental limit states s/all be *esi(ne* base* %n
SRA in line ,it/ Se'-= D1000 ensurin( t/at t/e %)erall n%minal +ailure pr%bability '%mplies ,it/ t/e n%minal
+ailure pr%bability tar(et )alues in t/is sub-se'ti%n-
#*4 Suitably '%mpetent an* 2uali+ie* pers%nnel s/all per+%rm t/e stru'tural reliability analysis. an* e:tensi%n
int% ne, areas %+ appli'ati%n s/all be supp%rte* by te'/ni'al )eri+i'ati%n-
#*8 As +ar as p%ssible. n%minal tar(et +ailure pr%bability le)els s/all be 'alibrate* a(ainst i*enti'al %r similar
pipeline *esi(ns t/at are &n%,n t% /a)e a*e2uate sa+ety %n t/e basis %+ t/is stan*ar*- I+ t/is is n%t +easible. t/e
n%minal tar(et +ailure pr%bability le)el s/all be base* %n t/e +ailure type an* sa+ety 'lass as (i)en in Table "-=-
G'i"ance n!%eF
B%'al +a't%rs an* ass%'iate* '%nse2uen'es may be e-(- s/ippin( lanes-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
Ta6le 4-# N!$inal ann'al %arge% +ail're (r!6a6ili%ies (er (i(eline -s. sa+e%7 classes
#/
#imit State
%ategory
#imit State
Safety %lasses
#ow $edium 1igh ;ery 1igh
>0
SBS All 10
-"
10
-#
10
-#
10
-;
8BS
Pressure %ntainment
14
10
-;
t% 10
-=
10
-=
t% 10
->
10
->
t% 10
-<
10
-<
t% 10
-F
ABS
8BS
All %t/er 10
-#
10
-;
10
-=
10
->
FBS
"4
ABS
#4
14 T/e +ailure pr%bability +%r t/e pressure '%ntainment C,all t/i'&ness *esi(n4 is %ne t% t,% %r*er %+ ma(nitu*es l%,er t/an t/e
(eneral 8BS 'riteri%n (i)en in t/e Table. in a''%r*an'e ,it/ in*ustry pra'ti'e an* re+le'te* by t/e ISO re2uirements-
"4 T/e +ailure pr%bability ,ill e++e'ti)ely be (%)erne* by t/e last year in %perati%n %r pri%r t% inspe'ti%n *epen*in( %n t/e a*%pte*
inspe'ti%n p/il%s%p/y-
#4 N%minal tar(et +ailure pr%babilities 'an alternati)ely be %ne %r*er %+ ma(nitu*e less Ce-(- 10
-;
per pipeline t% 10
-=
per &m4 +%r
any runnin( &m i+ t/e '%nse2uen'es are l%'al an* 'ause* by l%'al +a't%rs-
;4 See Appen*i: F Table F-"-
=4 T/e tar(et s/all be interpret as Spr%bability t/at a +ailure %''urs in t/e peri%* %+ %ne yearT-
!ec.' (oncept and Design 0remise Development - 0age 12
SECT;ON 8
CONCE9T AND DES;GN 9REM;SE DEDEO9MENT
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is se'ti%n i*enti+ies an* pr%)i*es a basis +%r *e+initi%n %+ rele)ant +iel* *e)el%pment '/ara'teristi's-
Furt/er. &ey issues re2uire* +%r *esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n. %perati%n. an* aban*%nment %+ t/e submarine pipeline
system are i*enti+ie*-
A 4** A((lica%i!n
4*) T/is se'ti%n applies t% submarine pipeline systems ,/i'/ are t% be built a''%r*in( t% t/is stan*ar*-
4*4 T/e *esi(n premises %utline* in t/is se'ti%n s/%ul* be *e)el%pe* *urin( t/e '%n'eptual p/ase an*
re)ie,e* an* up*ate* ,/en +%un* ne'essary-
A 8** S7s%e$a%ic re-ie1
8*) T/e %)erall re2uirement t% systemati' re)ie, in Se'-" s/all be re+le'te* in t/e '%n'ept e)aluati%n-
8*4 T/reats i*enti+ie* may typi'ally /a)e impa'ts %n '%st. s'/e*ule an* per+%rman'e. an* may in'lu*e0
1 S'%pe '/an(es C+l%, '/ara'teristi's. t/r%u(/puts. maturity %+ te'/ni'al s%luti%ns4
1 6ar&et +a't%rs an* pri'es Cmaterial. e2uipment. '%ntra't%rs4
1 Se)ere ,eat/er '%n*iti%ns C*elays t% marine %perati%ns *ue t% limitin( ,eat/er '%n*iti%ns4
1 %ntra't%r a)ailability an* per+%rman'e C'%st. '%nstru'ti%n *elays. 2uality4
1 Supply an* 2uality %+ material C*elays. per+%rman'e4
1 A)ailability an* '%st %+ +inan'in( C*elays. '%mmer'ial +easibility4
1 %nstru'tability Climite* a''ess +%r installati%n )essels. simultane%us %perati%ns ,it/ %t/er installati%n
a'ti)ities. )essel 'apa'ity an* *e'& spa'e4
1 N%)el te'/n%l%(y-
8*8 T/reat i*enti+i'ati%n +%r t/e S%'iety I Sa+ety rep%rt
1 En)ir%nmental impa't
1 Impa't %n %t/er in*ustries
1 Sa+ety %+ li+e-
8*4 T/reats i*enti+i'ati%n %n t/e pipeline may in'lu*e0
1 En)ir%nment
1 T/ir* party a'ti)ities
1 3e%-/aJar*s
1 Fl%, '%nstraints-
8*# Impa'ts %+ t/e i*enti+ie* t/reats %n %perati%n %+ t/e submarine pipeline system s/all be e)aluate*-
3. C!nce(% De-el!($en%
3 )** C!nce(% "e-el!($en%
)*) @/en sele'tin( t/e submarine pipeline system '%n'ept all aspe'ts relate* t% *esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n.
%perati%n an* aban*%nment s/all be '%nsi*ere*- Due a''%unt s/%ul* be (i)en t% i*enti+i'ati%n %+ p%tential
aspe'ts ,/i'/ 'an st%p t/e '%n'ept +r%m bein( realise*0
1 l%n( lea* e++e'ts %+ early sta(e *e'isi%ns Ce-(- '/%i'e %+ material (ra*e may a++e't manu+a'turin( aspe'ts
%+ linepipe. '/%i'e %+ *iameter may (i)e restri'ti%ns t% installati%n met/%*s et'-4
1 li+e 'y'le e)aluati%ns Ce-(- maintenan'e a'ti)ities et'-4
1 installati%n aspe'ts +%r rem%te areas Ce-(- n%n-a)ailability %+ maG%r installati%n e2uipment %r ser)i'es an*
,eat/er issues4-
)*4 Data an* *es'ripti%n %+ +iel* *e)el%pment an* (eneral arran(ement %+ t/e pipeline system s/all be establis/e*-
)*8 T/e *ata an* *es'ripti%n s/%ul* in'lu*e t/e +%ll%,in(. as appli'able0
1 sa+ety %bGe'ti)e
1 en)ir%nmental %bGe'ti)e
1 l%'ati%n. inlet an* %utlet '%n*iti%ns
1 pipeline system *es'ripti%n ,it/ (eneral arran(ement an* battery limits
1 +un'ti%nal re2uirements in'lu*in( +iel* *e)el%pment restri'ti%ns. e-(-. sa+ety barriers an* subsea )al)es
1 installati%n. repair an* repla'ement %+ pipeline elements. )al)es. a'tuat%rs an* +ittin(s
1 pr%Ge't plans an* s'/e*ule. in'lu*in( planne* peri%* %+ t/e year +%r installati%n
1 *esi(n li+e in'lu*in( spe'i+i'ati%n +%r start %+ *esi(n li+e. e-(- +inal '%mmissi%nin(. installati%n et'-
1 *ata %+ pr%*u't t% be transp%rte* in'lu*in( p%ssible '/an(es *urin( t/e pipeline systemAs *esi(n li+e
1 transp%rt 'apa'ity an* +l%, assuran'e
1 pipeline sa+ety system re2uirements in'lu*in( pr%'ess system lay%ut an* in'i*ental t% *esi(n pressure rati%
e)aluati%ns
1 pipeline siJin( *ata
1 attenti%n t% p%ssible '%*e brea&s in t/e pipeline system
1 (e%metri'al restri'ti%ns su'/ as spe'i+i'ati%ns %+ '%nstant internal *iameter. re2uirement +%r +ittin(s.
)al)es. +lan(es an* t/e use %+ +le:ible pipe %r risers
1 rele)ant pi((in( s'enari%s Cinspe'ti%n an* 'leanin(4
1 pi((in( +lui*s t% be use* an* /an*lin( %+ pi((in( +lui*s in b%t/ en*s %+ pipeline in'lu*in( impa't %n
pr%'ess systems
1 pi((in( re2uirements su'/ as ben* ra*ius. pipe %)ality an* *istan'es bet,een )ari%us +ittin(s a++e'tin(
*esi(n +%r pi((in( appli'ati%ns
1 san* pr%*u'ti%n
1 se'%n* an* t/ir* party a'ti)ities
1 restri'te* a''ess +%r installati%n %r %t/er a'ti)ities *ue t% presen'e %+ i'e-
)*4 An e:e'uti%n plan s/%ul* be *e)el%pe*. in'lu*in( t/e +%ll%,in( t%pi's0
1 (eneral in+%rmati%n. in'lu*in( pr%Ge't %r(anisati%n. s'%pe %+ ,%r&. inter+a'es an* pr%Ge't *e)el%pment p/ases
1 '%nta'ts ,it/ Pur'/aser. aut/%rities. t/ir* party. en(ineerin(. )eri+i'ati%n an* '%nstru'ti%n %ntra't%rs
1 le(al aspe'ts. e-(- insuran'e. '%ntra'ts. area plannin(. re2uirements t% )essels-
)*# T/e *esi(n an* plannin( +%r t/e submarine pipeline system s/%ul* '%)er all *e)el%pment p/ases
in'lu*in( '%nstru'ti%n. %perati%n an* aban*%nment-
C. Design 9re$ise
C )** H7"ra'lic anal7ses an" +l!1 ass'rance
)*) Hy*rauli' analyses %+ t/e pipeline systems s/%ul* be per+%rme* t% *etermine t/e re2uire* *iameter an*
pressure t% meet t/e transp%rt 'apa'ity re2uirement-
)*4 A parameter sa+ety en)el%pe C-e-(- pressure. temperature. '%ntent '%mp%siti%n4 s/all be *etermine*- T/e
/y*rauli's %+ t/e pipeline system s/%ul* be analyse* t% *em%nstrate t/at t/e pipeline system 'an sa+ely
transp%rt t/e +lui*s ,it/in t/is parameter sa+ety en)el%pe- T/is s/all in'lu*e i*enti+i'ati%n %+ '%nstraints an*
re2uirements +%r its %perati%n- T/is analysis s/%ul* '%)er stea*y-state an* transient %peratin( '%n*iti%ns-
G'i"ance n!%e )F
E:amples %+ '%nstraints an* %perati%nal re2uirements are all%,an'es +%r pressure sur(es. pre)enti%n %+ bl%'&a(e su'/
as 'ause* by t/e +%rmati%n %+ /y*rates an* ,a: *ep%siti%n. measures t% pre)ent una''eptable pressure l%sses +r%m
/i(/er )is'%sities at l%,er %perati%n temperatures. measures +%r t/e '%ntr%l %+ li2ui* slu( )%lumes in multi-p/ase +lui*
transp%rt. +l%, re(ime +%r internal '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l er%si%nal )el%'ities an* a)%i*an'e %+ sla'& line %perati%ns- It
in'lu*es re2uirements t% insulati%n. ma:imum s/ut-*%,n times. re2uirements +%r /eatin( et'- as ,ell as *es'ripti%n
%+ pressure *esi(nin( 'ases Ce-(- preser)ati%n 'ases ,it/ met/an%l4 ,it/ ass%'iate* temperatures-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
T/e parameter sa+ety en)el%pe s/all als% in'lu*e minimum )alues i+ appli'able- E:amples %+ t/is may be minimum
re2uire* pressures +%r pipeline systems t/at n%t are *esi(ne* +%r t/e +ully e:ternal %)er pressure-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*8 T/e /y*rauli's %+ t/e pipeline system s/all be analyse* t% *em%nstrate t/at t/e Pipeline %ntr%l System
an* Pipeline Sa+ety System meet its re2uirement *urin( start-up. n%rmal %perati%n. s/ut-*%,n Ce-(- 'l%sin( %+
)al)es4 an* all +%reseen n%n-inten*e* s'enari%s- T/is s/all als% in'lu*e *eterminati%n %+ re2uire* in'i*ental t%
*esi(n pressure rati%-
)*4 T/e /y*rauli' analyses s/all be use* t% *etermine t/e '/ara'teristi' /i(/ *esi(n temperature pr%+ile
base* %n '%nser)ati)e insulati%n )alues re+le'tin( t/e )ariati%n in insulati%n pr%perties %+ '%atin(s an*
surr%un*in( sea,ater. s%il an* (ra)el-
)*# T/e /y*rauli' analyses s/all be use* t% *etermine t/e '/ara'teristi' l%, *esi(n temperature- !ene+it %+
spe'i+yin( l%, temperatures l%'ally *ue t% e-(- %penin( %+ )al)es is all%,e* an* s/all be *%'umente* e-(- by
/y*rauli' analyses-
C 4** En-ir!n$en%al c!n"i%i!n
4*) En)ir%nmental p/en%mena t/at mi(/t impair pr%per +un'ti%nin( %+ t/e system %r 'ause a re*u'ti%n %+
t/e reliability an* sa+ety %+ t/e system s/all be '%nsi*ere*. in'lu*in(0
1 ,in*
1 ti*e
1 ,a)es
1 internal ,a)es an* %t/er e++e'ts *ue t% *i++eren'es in ,ater *ensity
1 'urrent
1 i'e
1 eart/2ua&e
1 s%il '%n*iti%ns
1 temperature
1 marine (r%,t/ C+%ulin(4-
4*4 Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r prin'iples an* met/%*%l%(ies +%r establis/in( en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns an*
l%a*s is (i)en in DNV-RP-"0=-
C 8** C!llec%i!n !+ en-ir!n$en%al "a%a
8*) T/e en)ir%nmental *ata s/all be representati)e +%r t/e (e%(rap/i'al areas in ,/i'/ t/e pipeline system
is t% be installe*- I+ su++i'ient *ata are n%t a)ailable +%r t/e (e%(rap/i'al l%'ati%n in 2uesti%n. '%nser)ati)e
estimates base* %n *ata +r%m %t/er rele)ant l%'ati%ns may be use*-
8*4 Statisti'al *ata s/all be utilise* t% *es'ribe en)ir%nmental parameters %+ a ran*%m nature Ce-(- ,in*.
,a)es4- T/e parameters s/all be *eri)e* in a statisti'ally )ali* manner usin( re'%(nise* met/%*s-
8*8 F%r t/e assessment %+ en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns al%n( t/e pipeline r%ute. t/e pipeline may be *i)i*e* int%
a number %+ se'ti%ns. ea'/ %+ ,/i'/ is '/ara'terise* by a (i)en ,ater *ept/. b%tt%m t%p%(rap/y an* %t/er
+a't%rs a++e'tin( t/e en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns-
8*4 T/e en)ir%nmental *ata t% be use* in t/e *esi(n %+ t/e submarine pipeline system ,/i'/ is '%nne'te* t%
an %++s/%re stru'ture %r r%ute* near an %++s/%re stru'ture are in prin'iple t/e same as t/e en)ir%nmental *ata
use* in t/e *esi(n %+ t/e %++s/%re stru'ture-
C 4** En-ir!n$en%al "a%a
4*) T/e estimate* ma:imum ti*e s/all in'lu*e b%t/ astr%n%mi' ti*e an* st%rm sur(e- 6inimum ti*e
estimates s/%ul* be base* up%n t/e astr%n%mi' ti*e an* p%ssible ne(ati)e st%rm sur(e-
4*4 All rele)ant s%ur'es t% 'urrent s/all be '%nsi*ere*- T/is may in'lu*e ti*al 'urrent. ,in* in*u'e* 'urrent.
st%rm sur(e 'urrent. *ensity in*u'e* 'urrent %r %t/er p%ssible p/en%mena- F%r near-s/%re re(i%ns. l%n(-s/%re
'urrent *ue t% ,a)e brea&in( s/all be '%nsi*ere*- Variati%ns in ma(nitu*e ,it/ respe't t% *ire'ti%n an* ,ater
*ept/ s/all be '%nsi*ere* ,/en rele)ant-
4*8 In areas ,/ere i'e may *e)el%p %r ,/ere i'e ber(s may pass %r ,/ere t/e s%il may +reeJe su++i'ient
statisti's s/all be establis/e* in %r*er t% enable 'al'ulati%ns %+ rele)ant l%a*s-
4*4 Air an* sea temperature statisti's s/all be pr%)i*e* (i)in( representati)e /i(/ an* l%, *esi(n )alues-
4*# 6arine (r%,t/ %n pipeline systems s/all be '%nsi*ere*. ta&in( int% a''%unt b%t/ bi%l%(i'al an* %t/er
en)ir%nmental p/en%mena rele)ant +%r t/e l%'ati%n-
C #** 9i(eline r!'%e
#*) T/e pipeline r%ute s/all be sele'te* ,it/ *ue re(ar* t% sa+ety %+ t/e publi' an* pers%nnel. pr%te'ti%n %+
t/e en)ir%nment. an* t/e pr%bability %+ *ama(e t% t/e pipe %r %t/er +a'ilities- A(reement ,it/ rele)ant parties
s/%ul* be s%u(/t as early as p%ssible- Fa't%rs t% ta&e int% '%nsi*erati%n s/all. at minimum. in'lu*e t/e
+%ll%,in(0
!nvironment
1 ar'/ae%l%(i'al sites
1 e:p%sure t% en)ir%nmental *ama(e
1 areas %+ natural '%nser)ati%n interest su'/ as %yster be*s an* '%ral ree+s
1 marine par&s
1 turbi*ity +l%,s-
Seabed characteristics
1 une)en seabe*
1 unstable seabe*
1 s%il pr%perties C/ar* sp%ts. s%+t se*iment an* se*iment transp%rt4
1 subsi*en'e
1 seismi' a'ti)ity-
&acilities
1 %++s/%re installati%ns
1 subsea stru'tures an* ,ell /ea*s
1 e:istin( pipelines an* 'ables
1 %bstru'ti%ns
1 '%astal pr%te'ti%n ,%r&s-
Third party activities
1 s/ip tra++i'
1 +is/in( a'ti)ity
1 *umpin( areas +%r ,aste. ammuniti%n. et'-
1 minin( a'ti)ities
1 military e:er'ise areas-
#andfall
1 l%'al '%nstraints
1 #r* party re2uirements
1 en)ir%nmental sensiti)e areas
1 )i'inity t% pe%ple
1 limite* '%nstru'ti%n peri%*-
#*4 E:pe'te* +uture marine %perati%ns an* anti'ipate* *e)el%pments in t/e )i'inity %+ t/e pipeline s/all be
'%nsi*ere* ,/en sele'tin( t/e pipeline r%ute-
#*8 In-line assemblies s/%ul* n%t be l%'ate* %n t/e 'ur)e* r%ute se'ti%ns %+ t/e pipeline-
G'i"ance n!%eF
It is pre+erre* t% /a)e a sa(ben* len(t/ %+ strai(/t se'ti%n a+ter a 'ur)e be+%re t/e in-line assembly be'ause %+ p%tential
r%tati%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*4 Pipeline en*s s/%ul* be *esi(ne* ,it/ a reas%nable strai(/t len(t/ a/ea* %+ t/e tar(et b%:es- ur)atures
near pipeline en*s s/%ul* be *esi(ne* ,it/ *ue re(ar* t% en* terminati%ns. lay met/%*. lay *ire'ti%n an*
e:istin(Iplanne* in+rastru'ture-
C 5** R!'%e s'r-e7
5*) Sur)eys s/all be 'arrie* %ut al%n( t/e t%tal len(t/ %+ t/e planne* pipeline r%ute t% pr%)i*e su++i'ient *ata
+%r *esi(n an* '%nstru'ti%n relate* a'ti)ities-
5*4 T/e sur)ey '%rri*%r s/all /a)e su++i'ient ,i*t/ t% *e+ine an installati%n an* pipeline '%rri*%r ,/i'/ ,ill
ensure sa+e installati%n an* %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline-
5*8 T/e re2uire* sur)ey a''ura'y may )ary al%n( t/e pr%p%se* r%ute- Obstru'ti%ns. /i(/ly )arie* seabe*
t%p%(rap/y. %r unusually %r /aJar*%us sub-sur+a'e '%n*iti%ns may *i'tate m%re *etaile* in)esti(ati%ns- T/e
sur)ey a''ura'y s/all be su++i'ient +%r per+%rmin( t/e *esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n an* %perati%n a'ti)ities in a sa+e
manner-
5*4 In)esti(ati%ns t% i*enti+y p%ssible '%n+li'ts ,it/ e:istin( an* planne* installati%ns an* p%ssible ,re'&s
an* %bstru'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme*- E:amples %+ su'/ installati%ns in'lu*e %t/er submarine pipelines. an*
p%,er an* '%mmuni'ati%n 'ables-
5*# T/e results %+ sur)eys s/all be presente* %n a''urate r%ute maps an* ali(nments. s'ale '%mmensurate
,it/ re2uire* use- B%'ati%n %+ t/e pipeline. relate* +a'ilities t%(et/er ,it/ seabe* pr%perties. an%malies an* all
rele)ant pipeline attributes s/all be s/%,n- Re+eren'e sea,ater ele)ati%n s/all be *e+ine*-
5*5 A**iti%nal r%ute sur)eys may be re2uire* at lan*+alls t% *etermine0
1 seabe* (e%l%(y an* t%p%(rap/y spe'i+i' t% lan*+all an* '%stal en)ir%nment
1 en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns 'ause* by a*Ga'ent '%astal +eatures
1 l%'ati%n %+ t/e lan*+all t% +a'ilitate installati%n
1 +a'ilitate pre %r p%st installati%n seabe* inter)enti%n ,%r&s spe'i+i' t% lan*+all. su'/ as tren'/in(
1 l%'ati%n t% minimise en)ir%nmental impa't-
5*& All t%p%(rap/i'al +eatures ,/i'/ may in+luen'e t/e stability an* installati%n %r in+luen'e seabe*
inter)enti%n %+ t/e pipeline s/all be '%)ere* by t/e r%ute sur)ey. in'lu*in(0
1 %bstru'ti%ns in t/e +%rm %+ r%'& %ut'r%ps. lar(e b%ul*ers. p%'& mar&s. et'-. t/at '%ul* ne'essitate reme*ial.
le)ellin( %r rem%)al %perati%ns t% be 'arrie* %ut pri%r t% pipeline installati%n
1 t%p%(rap/i'al +eatures t/at '%ntain p%tentially unstable sl%pes. san* ,a)es. p%'& mar&s %r si(ni+i'ant
*epressi%ns. )alley %r '/annellin( an* er%si%n in t/e +%rm %+ s'%ur patterns %r material *ep%sits-
5*2 Areas ,/ere t/ere is e)i*en'e %+ in'rease* (e%l%(i'al a'ti)ity %r si(ni+i'ant /ist%ri' e)ents t/at i+ re-
%''urrin( a(ain may impa't t/e pipeline. a**iti%nal (e%/aJar* stu*ies s/%ul* be per+%rme*- Su'/ stu*ies may
in'lu*e0
1 e:ten*e* (e%p/ysi'al sur)ey
1 mu* )%l'an%es %r p%'&mar& a'ti)ity
1 seismi' /aJar*
1 seismi' +ault *ispla'ements
1 p%ssibility %+ s%il sl%pe +ailure
1 mu*+l%, '/ara'teristi's
1 mu*+l%, impa't %n pipelines-
C &** Sea6e" (r!(er%ies
&*) 3e%te'/ni'al '/ara'teristi's ne'essary +%r e)aluatin( t/e e++e'ts %+ rele)ant l%a*in( '%n*iti%ns s/all be
*etermine* +%r t/e seabe* *ep%sits. in'lu*in( p%ssible unstable *ep%sits in t/e )i'inity %+ t/e pipeline- F%r
(ui*an'e %n s%il in)esti(ati%n +%r pipelines. re+eren'e is ma*e t% lassi+i'ati%n N%te N%- #0-; SF%un*ati%nsT-
&*4 3e%te'/ni'al pr%perties may be %btaine* +r%m (enerally a)ailable (e%l%(i'al in+%rmati%n. results +r%m
seismi' sur)eys. seabe* t%p%(rap/i'al sur)eys. an* (e%te'/ni'al in-situ tests an* lab%rat%ry tests %n sample*
s%il- Supplementary in+%rmati%n may be %btaine* +r%m )isual sur)eys %r spe'ial tests. as e-(- pipe penetrati%n
tests-
&*8 S%il parameters %+ main imp%rtan'e +%r t/e pipeline resp%nse are0
1 s/ear stren(t/ parameters Cinta't an* rem%ul*e* un*raine* s/ear stren(t/ +%r 'lay. an* an(le %+ +ri'ti%n +%r
san*s4O an*
1 rele)ant *e+%rmati%n '/ara'teristi's-
T/ese parameters s/%ul* pre+erably be *etermine* +r%m a*e2uate lab%rat%ry tests %r +r%m interpretati%n %+ in-
situ tests- In a**iti%n. 'lassi+i'ati%n an* in*e: tests s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere*. su'/ as0
1 unit ,ei(/t
1 ,ater '%ntent
1 li2ui* an* plasti' limit
1 (rain siJe *istributi%n
1 'arb%nate '%ntent
1 %t/er rele)ant tests-
&*4 It is primarily t/e '/ara'teristi's %+ t/e upper layer %+ s%il t/at *etermine t/e resp%nse %+ t/e pipeline
restin( %n t/e seabe*- T/e *eterminati%n %+ s%il parameters +%r t/ese )ery s/all%, s%ils may be relati)ely m%re
un'ertain t/an +%r *eeper s%ils- Als% t/e )ariati%ns %+ t/e t%p s%il bet,een s%il testin( l%'ati%ns an* bet,een
teste* l%'ati%ns an* n%n-teste* l%'ati%ns a** t% t/e un'ertainty- S%il parameters use* in t/e *esi(n may
t/ere+%re nee* t% be *e+ine* ,it/ upper b%un*. best estimate an* l%,er b%un* limits )ali* ,it/in *e+ine* areas
%r se'ti%ns %+ t/e r%ute- T/e '/ara'teristi' )alueCs4 %+ t/e s%il parameterCs4 use* in t/e *esi(n s/all be in line
,it/ t/e sele'te* *esi(n p/il%s%p/y a''%untin( +%r t/ese un'ertainties-
G'i"ance n!%eF
F%r *eep ,ater areas t/e upper layer may be slurry ,it/ a )ery small stren(t/- In t/ese 'ases emp/asiJe s/%ul* als%
be ma*e t% t/e s%il layer un*erneat/-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
&*# Sin'e t/e *istan'e bet,een s%il in)esti(ati%ns is %+ten mu'/ lar(er t/an t/e len(t/ %+ pipe in)%l)e* in a
parti'ular *esi(n situati%n. %ne ,ill in su'/ 'ir'umstan'es /a)e t% assume t/at t/e s%il '/ara'teristi's +%r t/e
*esi(ns situati%n is t/e ,%rst %+ /i(/ an* l%, estimates %btaine* +r%m rele)ant a)ailable s%il in)esti(ati%n *ata
relate* t% t/e entire r%ute %r t% a *e+ine* se'ti%n %+ t/e r%ute-
&*5 In areas ,/ere t/e seabe* material may be subGe'te* t% er%si%n. spe'ial stu*ies %+ t/e 'urrent an* ,a)e
'%n*iti%ns near t/e b%tt%m in'lu*in( b%un*ary layer e++e'ts may be re2uire* +%r t/e %n-b%tt%m stability
'al'ulati%ns %+ pipelines an* t/e assessment %+ pipeline spans-
&*& A**iti%nal in)esti(ati%n %+ t/e seabe* material may be re2uire* t% e)aluate spe'i+i' s'enari%s. as +%r
e:ample0
1 '/allen(es ,it/ respe't t% e:'a)ati%n an* burial %perati%ns
1 pr%bability %+ +%rmin( +rees-pans 'ause* by s'%urin( *urin( %perati%nal p/ase
1 '/allen(es ,it/ respe't t% pipeline 'r%ssin(
1 '/allen(es ,it/ t/e settlement %+ pipeline system an*I%r t/e pr%te'ti%n stru'ture at t/e )al)eItee l%'ati%ns
1 p%ssibilities %+ mu* sli*es %r li2ue+a'ti%n as t/e result %+ repeate* l%a*in(
1 impli'ati%ns +%r e:ternal '%rr%si%n-
!ec.' (oncept and Design 0remise Development - 0age 2%
D. S7s%e$ Design 9rinci(les
D )** S7s%e$ in%egri%7
)*) T/e pipeline system s/all be *esi(ne*. '%nstru'te* an* %perate* in su'/ a manner t/at0
1 t/e spe'i+ie* transp%rt 'apa'ity is +ul+ille* an* t/e +l%, assure*
1 t/e *e+ine* sa+ety %bGe'ti)e is +ul+ille* an* t/e resistan'e a(ainst l%a*s *urin( planne* %perati%nal
'%n*iti%ns is su++i'ient
1 t/e sa+ety mar(in a(ainst a''i*ental l%a*s %r unplanne* %perati%nal '%n*iti%ns is su++i'ient-
1 system lay%ut. in'lu*in( nee*s +%r *i++erent )al)es et'-. meets t/e re2uirements imp%se* by t/e systemati'
re)ie, %+ t/e pr%'ess '%ntr%l-
)*4 Pipelines in -6n steel +%r p%tentially '%rr%si)e +lui*s %+ 'ate(%ries !. D an* E Csee Se'-" 4 s/%ul* be
*esi(ne* +%r inspe'ti%n pi((in(- In 'ases ,/ere t/e pipeline *esi(n *%es n%t all%, inspe'ti%n pi((in(. an
analysis s/all be 'arrie* %ut in a''%r*an'e ,it/ re'%(nise* pr%'e*ures t% *%'ument t/at t/e ris& %+ +ailure
lea*in( t% a lea& is a''eptable- F%r '%rr%si)e +lui*s %+ %t/er 'ate(%ries t/e bene+it %+ inspe'ti%n pi((in( %n
%perati%nal reliability s/all be e)aluate*-
)*8 T/e nee* +%r in-line 'leanin( an*I%r inspe'ti%n. in)%l)in( t/e presen'e %+ appr%priate pi( laun'/er I
re'ei)er s/%ul* be *etermine* in t/e *esi(n p/ase-
)*4 T/e p%ssibility %+ '/an(es in t/e type %r '%mp%siti%n %+ +lui* t% be transp%rte* *urin( t/e li+etime %+ t/e
pipeline system s/all be assesse* in t/e *esi(n p/ase-
)*# Any re-2uali+i'ati%n *eeme* ne'essary *ue t% '/an(es in t/e *esi(n '%n*iti%ns s/all ta&e pla'e in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ pr%)isi%ns set %ut in Se'-11-
D 4** 9i(eline c!n%r!l an" sa+e%7 s7s%e$
4*) T/e in'i*ental pressure is *e+ine* as /a)in( an annual pr%bability %+ e:'ee*an'e less t/an 10
-"
Ca
pr%bability %+ bein( e:'ee*e* ,it/in a year4- I+ t/e pressure pr%bability *ensity +un'ti%n *%es n%t /a)e a
m%n%t%ni' *e'ay bey%n* 10
-"
t/e pressure e:'ee*in( t/e in'i*ental pressure s/all be '/e'&e* as a''i*ental
l%a*s in '%mplian'e ,it/ Se'-= D1000-
G'i"ance n!%e )F
E:amples %+ pressure pr%bability *ensity *istributi%ns are (i)en in Fi(ure 1- An e:ample %+ a pipeline system ,it/ a
t,% pea& *istributi%n may be a pipeline system pr%te'te* by a HIPP system-
Fig're )
9ress're "is%ri6'%i!n +'nc%i!n 1i%h %1! (ea0 "is%ri6'%i!n
T/e 100-year )alue. t/e in'i*ental pressure Csee mar& in Fi(ure 14. ,ill be use* +%r n%rmal *esi(n +%r b%t/ t,% pea&
*istributi%ns an* sin(le pea& *istributi%ns- F%r t,% pea& *istributi%ns t/e se'%n* pea& pressure s/all als% be '/e'&e*
+%r a''i*ental limit state in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-= D1000 Csee pressure %+ 1"00 in Fi(ure 14-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
@/en t/e submarine pipeline system is '%nne'te* t% an%t/er system ,it/ *i++erent pressure *e+initi%n t/e pressure
)alues may be *i++erent in %r*er t% '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ t/is sub-se'ti%n. i-e- t/e *esi(n pressure may be
!ec.' (oncept and Design 0remise Development - 0age 2$
*i++erent in t,% '%nne'te* systems- T/e '%n)ersi%n bet,een t/e t,% system *e+initi%ns ,ill %+ten t/en be base* %n
t/at t/e in'i*ental pressures are e2ual-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e submarine pipeline system s/all /a)e a spe'i+ie* in'i*ental pressure %r be split int% *i++erent se'ti%ns
,it/ *i++erent spe'i+ie* in'i*ental pressures- T/ese s/%ul* all be *e+ine* at a *e+ine* re+eren'e ele)ati%n-
4*8 T% +ul+il t/e re2uirements in "01 an* "0" a Pipeline %ntr%l an* Sa+ety System may be re2uire*- T/is
'%mprises t/e Pipeline %ntr%l System CPS4 an* Pipeline Sa+ety System CPSS4-
G'i"ance n!%eF
An e:ample %+ situati%ns ,/ere a Pipeline %ntr%l an* Sa+ety System may n%t be re2uire* is i+ +ull s/ut-in pressure
in'lu*in( *ynami' e++e'ts. is use* as in'i*ental pressure-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e purp%se %+ t/e Pipeline %ntr%l System is t% maintain t/e %peratin( parameters ,it/in %peratin(
en)el%pe *urin( n%rmal %perati%n e-(- t% ensure t/at t/e l%'al *esi(n pressure is n%t e:'ee*e* at any p%int in
t/e submarine pipeline system- T/e Pipeline %ntr%l System s/%ul* %perate aut%mati'ally- Due a''%unt s/all
be (i)en t% t/e t%leran'es %+ t/e pipeline '%ntr%l system an* its ass%'iate* instrumentati%n. see Fi(ure 1 in
Se'-1- Hen'e. t/e ma:imum all%,able %peratin( pressure C6AOP4 is e2ual t% t/e *esi(n pressure minus t/e
Pipeline %ntr%l System %peratin( t%leran'e-
4*# T/e Pipeline %ntr%l System '%ul* be in'lu*e* as a ris& re*u'in( measure pr%)i*e* t/at t/is system is
in*epen*ent %+ PSS an* +urt/er '%mplies ,it/ t/e +%ll%,in(0
1 T/e Pipeline %ntr%l System is n%t in'lu*e* as a part %+ t/e *eman* rate *e+ine* +%r t/e PSS
1 Failure %+ an aut%mati' pipeline '%ntr%l system s/all n%t a++e't t/e alarm system nee*e* +%r /uman
inter)enti%n-
1 T/e ris& re*u'ti%n +a't%r ta&en s/all be smaller t/an 10 unless t/e PS is built in a''%r*an'e ,it/ sa+ety
system stan*ar*s. e-(-. IE>1=11- T/e assessment %+ ris& re*u'ti%n +a't%r an* e)i*en'e t% supp%rt t/e
assessment s/all be ma*e a''%r*in( t% t/e re2uirements in IE>1=11-
1 Ris& re*u'ti%n +r%m /uman inter)enti%n. in a**iti%n t% PS. assumes t/at a'ti%ns are base* up%n
in+%rmati%n +r%m systems in*epen*ent %+ PS an* PSS- T/e t%tal ris& re*u'ti%n +a't%r resultin( +r%m
Human Inter)enti%n an* t/e PS s/all be less t/an 100-
4*5 T/e purp%se %+ t/e Pipeline Sa+ety System is t% pr%te't t/e submarine pipeline system by limitin( t/e
%peratin( parameters ,it/in t/e parameter sa+ety en)el%pe *urin( in'i*ental %perati%n. e-(- t% ensure t/at t/e
l%'al in'i*ental pressure is n%t e:'ee*e* at any p%int in t/e pipeline system in t/e e)ent %+ +ailure %+ t/e pipeline
'%ntr%l system- T/e Pipeline Sa+ety System s/all %perate aut%mati'ally- Due a''%unt s/all be (i)en t% t/e
t%leran'es %+ t/e pipeline sa+ety system- Hen'e. t/e ma:imum all%,able in'i*ental pressure is e2ual t% t/e
in'i*ental pressure minus t/e pipeline sa+ety system %peratin( t%leran'e-
4*& T/e Pipeline %ntr%l System is a basi' pr%'ess '%ntr%l system as *e+ine* by IE >1=11- T/e Pipeline
Sa+ety s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ IE >1=11- Pipeline Sa+ety Systems re2uire* ,it/ a pr%bability
%+ +ailure %n *eman* %+ less t/an 10
-#
s/all '%nsist %+ t,% in*epen*ent systems-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e re2uirements +%r t/e le)el %+ ris& re*u'ti%n t% be pr%)i*e* by t/e pipeline sa+ety system. t/e SIB Be)el s/all be
*eri)e* a''%r*in( t% t/e re2uirements %+ Se'-= D1000 an* n%t +r%m a ris& assessment- Se'-1# E>00 pr%)i*es +urt/er
(ui*an'e-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*2 T/e Pipeline Sa+ety System may '%nsist %+ pressure relie+ *e)i'es CISO ;1">4 an*I%r sa+ety instrumente*
systems. see IE >1=11- Pressure relie+ )al)es are '%nsi*ere* +ul+illin( re2uirements t% t/e Pipeline Sa+ety
System i+ t/ese are *esi(ne* an* maintaine* t% relie)e t/e re2uire* *is'/ar(e 'apa'ity at a pressure n%t
e:'ee*in( t/e ma:imum all%,able in'i*ental pressure-
4*: A *esi(n pressure may be *e+ine* +%r ea'/ in'i*ental pressure- T/e in'i*ental t% *esi(n pressure rati%
s/all be sele'te* su'/ t/at t/e Pipeline %ntr%l an* Sa+ety System meet t/e re2uirements in "01 an* "0"-
Typi'al an* minimum in'i*ental t% *esi(n rati%s are (i)en in Table #-1- @/en *esi(n pressure is use* +%r
stru'tural *esi(n purp%se. t/is s/all be minimum H1L %+ t/e in'i*ental pressure-
Ta6le 8-) ;nci"en%al %! "esign (ress're ra%i!s
%n*iti%n %r pipeline system
in'
Typi'al pipeline system 1-10
6inimum. e:'ept +%r bel%, 1-0=
@/en *esi(n pressure is e2ual t% +ull s/ut-in
pressure in'lu*in( *ynami' e++e'ts
1-00
!ec.' (oncept and Design 0remise Development - 0age 2&
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/is stan*ar* use in'i*ental pressure in all limit states- Ot/er re+eren'e* '%*es Ce-(- +%r '%mp%nents4 may use *esi(n
pressure instea*- F%r su'/ appli'ati%ns. t/e *esi(n pressure s/all be t/e /i(/er %+ p
li
I
in'
an* 0-H1Z p
li
- F%r pipeline
systems '%n)eyin( li2ui*s parti'ular attenti%n s/all be (i)en t% *ynami' e++e'ts an* pump '/ara'teristi's ,/en
*eterminin( t/e in'i*ental pressure-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
D 8** E,%ernal c!rr!si!n c!n%r!l
8*) F%r t/e sele'ti%n an* *etaile* *esi(n %+ e:ternal '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l. t/e +%ll%,in( '%n*iti%ns relatin( t%
t/e en)ir%nment s/all be *e+ine*. in a**iti%n t% t/%se menti%ne* in "010
1 e:p%sure '%n*iti%ns. e-(- burial. r%'& *umpin(. et'-
1 sea ,ater an* se*iment resisti)ity-
8*4 Ot/er '%n*iti%ns a++e'tin( e:ternal '%rr%si%n ,/i'/ s/all be *e+ine* are0
1 temperature pr%+iles Ce-(- a)era(e. '/ara'teristi' /i(/ *esi(n4 al%n( t/e pipeline an* t/r%u(/ t/e pipe ,all
t/i'&ness
1 pipeline +abri'ati%n an* installati%n pr%'e*ures
1 re2uirements +%r me'/ani'al pr%te'ti%n. submer(e* ,ei(/t an* t/ermal insulati%n *urin( %perati%n
1 *esi(n li+e
1 sele'te* '%atin( an* 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n system-
8*8 Spe'ial attenti%n s/%ul* be (i)en t% t/e lan*+all se'ti%n Ci+ any4 an* intera'ti%n ,it/ rele)ant 'at/%*i'
pr%te'ti%n system +%r %ns/%re )s- %++s/%re pipeline se'ti%ns-
8*4 T/e impa't %n t/e e:ternal pipe '%n*iti%n %+ t/e t/ir* party a'ti)ities as menti%ne* in =01 s/%ul* be
'%nsi*ere*-
D 4** ;n%ernal c!ns%r'c%i!n c!n"i%i!ns
4*) A *es'ripti%n %+ t/e internal pipe '%n*iti%ns *urin( '%nstru'ti%n p/ase s/all be prepare* Ct/is in'lu*es
st%ra(e. '%nstru'ti%n. installati%n. pressure testin( an* '%mmissi%nin(4- T/e *urati%n %+ e:p%sure t% sea ,ater
%r /umi* air. an* t/e nee* +%r usin( in/ibit%rs %r %t/er measures t% '%ntr%l '%rr%si%n s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
D #** ;n%ernal c!rr!si!n c!n%r!l
#*) In %r*er t% assess t/e nee* +%r internal '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l. in'lu*in( '%rr%si%n all%,an'e an* pr%)isi%n
+%r inspe'ti%n an* m%nit%rin(. t/e +%ll%,in( '%n*iti%ns s/all be *e+ine*0
1 %peratin( temperatureIpressure pr%+iles al%n( t/e pipeline in'lu*in( e:pe'te* )ariati%ns *urin( t/e *esi(n li+e
1 +l%, )el%'ity an* +l%, re(ime
1 +lui* '%mp%siti%n Cinitial an* anti'ipate* )ariati%ns *urin( t/e *esi(n li+e4 ,it/ emp/asis %n p%tentially
'%rr%si)e '%mp%nents Ce-(- /y*r%(en sulp/i*e. 'arb%n *i%:i*e. ,ater '%ntent an* e:pe'te* '%ntent %+
*iss%l)e* salts in pr%*u'e* +lui*s. resi*ual %:y(en an* a'ti)e '/l%rine in sea ,ater4
1 '/emi'al a**iti%ns an* pr%)isi%ns +%r peri%*i' 'leanin(
1 pr%)isi%n +%r inspe'ti%n %+ '%rr%si%n *ama(e an* e:pe'te* 'apabilities %+ inspe'ti%n t%%ls Ci-e- *ete'ti%n
limits an* siJin( 'apabilities +%r rele)ant +%rms %+ '%rr%si%n *ama(e4
1 t/e p%ssibility %+ er%si%n by any s%li* parti'les in t/e +lui* s/all be '%nsi*ere*- Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r
er%si)e ,ear in pipin( systems is (i)en in DNV-RP-O=01-
!ec.1 Design " 7oads - 0age 2'
SECT;ON 4
DES;GN - OADS
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is se'ti%n *e+ines t/e l%a*s t% be '/e'&e* by t/e limit states in Se'-=- T/is in'lu*es0
1 l%a* s'enari%s
1 'ate(%risati%n %+ l%a*s
1 *esi(n l%a* e++e'ts
1 '/ara'teristi' l%a*
1 l%a* e++e't +a't%r '%mbinati%ns
1 l%a* e++e't 'al'ulati%ns-
A 4** A((lica%i!n
4*) T/is se'ti%n applies t% all parts %+ t/e submarine pipeline system-
8*) T/e %)erall re2uirement t% systemati' re)ie, in Se'-" ,ill +%r t/is se'ti%n imply a re)ie, %+ l%a*s base*
%n t/eir un'ertainty an* imp%rtan'e +%r t/e *i++erent limit states-
A 4** !a" scenari!s
4*) All l%a*s an* +%r'e* *ispla'ements ,/i'/ may in+luen'e t/e pipeline s/all be ta&en int% a''%unt- F%r
ea'/ 'r%ss se'ti%n %r part %+ t/e system t% be '%nsi*ere* an* +%r ea'/ p%ssible m%*e %+ +ailure t% be analyse*.
all rele)ant '%mbinati%ns %+ l%a*s ,/i'/ may a't simultane%usly s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
4*4 T/e m%st un+a)%urable l%a* s'enari% +%r all rele)ant p/ases an* '%n*iti%ns s/all be '%nsi*ere*- Typi'al
s'enari%s t% be '%)ere* in t/e *esi(n are0
1 transp%rtati%n
1 installati%n
1 as lai*
1 ,ater +ille*
1 system pressure test
1 %perati%n
1 s/ut-*%,n-
A #** Ca%eg!risa%i!n !+ l!a"s
#*) T/e %bGe'ti)e %+ t/e 'ate(%risati%n %+ l%a*s int% t/e *i++erent l%a* 'ate(%ries is t% relate t/e l%a* e++e't
t% t/e ass%'iate* un'ertainties-
#*4 8nless t/e l%a* is 'ate(%rise* as a''i*ental it s/all be 'ate(%rise* as0
1 +un'ti%nal l%a*.
1 en)ir%nmental l%a*. %r
1 inter+eren'e l%a*-
T/e l%a* 'ate(%ries are *es'ribe* in !. an* E bel%,- %nstru'ti%n l%a*s s/all be 'ate(%rise* int% t/e ab%)e
l%a*s an* are *es'ribe* in D- A''i*ental l%a*s are *es'ribe* in F-
A 5** Design l!a" e++ec%s
5*) T/e *esi(n l%a* e++e't 'al'ulati%ns are (i)en in 3-
3. F'nc%i!nal !a"s
3 )** General
)*) B%a*s arisin( +r%m t/e p/ysi'al e:isten'e %+ t/e pipeline system an* its inten*e* use s/all be 'lassi+ie*
as +un'ti%nal l%a*s-
)*4 E++e'ts +r%m t/e +%ll%,in( p/en%mena are t/e minimum t% be '%nsi*ere* ,/en establis/in( +un'ti%nal l%a*s0
1 @ei(/t
1 rea'ti%ns +r%m installati%n )essel Ctensi%ners. strai(/tener. Stin(erIr%llers4
1 e:ternal /y*r%stati' pressure
!ec.1 Design " 7oads - 0age 21
1 stati' /y*r%*ynami' +%r'es *urin( installati%n
1 rea'ti%ns +r%m s%il in sa( ben*
1 internal pressure
1 temperature %+ '%ntents
1 pre-stressin(
1 rea'ti%ns +r%m '%mp%nents C+lan(es. 'lamps et'-4
1 permanent *e+%rmati%n %+ supp%rtin( stru'ture
1 '%)er Ce-(- s%il. r%'&. mattresses. 'ul)erts4
1 rea'ti%n +r%m seabe* C+ri'ti%n an* r%tati%nal sti++ness4
1 permanent *e+%rmati%ns *ue t% subsi*en'e %+ (r%un*. b%t/ )erti'al an* /%riJ%ntal
1 permanent *e+%rmati%ns *ue t% +r%st /ea)e
1 '/an(e* a:ial +ri'ti%n *ue t% +reeJin(
1 p%ssible l%a*s *ue t% i'e inter+eren'e. e-(- bulb (r%,t/ ar%un* burie* pipelines near +i:e* p%ints Cin-line
)al)esItees. +i:e* plants et'-4. *ri+tin( i'e et'-
1 l%a*s in*u'e* by pi((in( %perati%ns-
)*8 T/e ,ei(/t s/all in'lu*e ,ei(/t %+ pipe. bu%yan'y. '%ntents. '%atin(. an%*es. marine (r%,t/ an* all
atta'/ments t% t/e pipe-
)*4 En* 'ap +%r'es *ue t% pressure s/all be '%nsi*ere*. as ,ell as any transient pressure e++e'ts *urin( n%rmal
%perati%n Ce-(- *ue t% 'l%sure %+ )al)es4-
)*# Temperature *ue t% internal +lui* an* e:ternal en)ir%nmental s/all be *etermine* an* '%rresp%n*in(
temperature pr%+iles +%r t/e +%ll%,in( s'enari%s0
1 T/e ma:imum an* minimum *esi(n C100-year return )alues4 temperature *urin( %perati%n
1 Representati)e temperatures *urin( %perati%n
1 Representati)e temperatures *urin( installati%n. as-lai*. ,ater +ille* an* system pressure test-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e temperature is n%rmally *etermine* +%r t/e pipe steel Ct% be use* +%r stru'tural purp%se4 but may als% be re2uire*
+%r an%*es. '%atin( et'-
T/e sele'ti%n %+ *esi(n %r %perati%nal temperature is (i)en by Table ;-#-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*5 B%'al minimum temperature pr%+iles. ,/i'/ may be 'ause* by e-(- su**en s/ut-*%,ns. may be applie*-
T/is ,ill typi'ally be rele)ant t% *e+ine* '%mp%nents an* se'ti%ns %+ t/e pipeline Ce-(- sp%ts ar%un* )al)es4-
)*& Flu'tuati%ns in temperature s/all be ta&en int% a''%unt ,/en '/e'&in( +ati(ue stren(t/-
)*2 F%r e:pansi%n analyses. t/e temperature *i++eren'e relati)e t% layin( s/all be '%nsi*ere*- T/e
temperature pr%+ile s/all be applie*-
)*: Pre-stressin(. su'/ as permanent 'ur)ature %r a permanent el%n(ati%n intr%*u'e* *urin( installati%n.
s/all be ta&en int% a''%unt i+ t/e 'apa'ity t% 'arry %t/er l%a*s is a++e'te* by t/e pre-stressin(- Pretensi%n +%r'es
in*u'e* by b%lts in +lan(es. '%nne't%rs an* riser supp%rts an* %t/er permanent atta'/ments. s/all be 'lassi+ie*
as +un'ti%nal l%a*s-
))* T/e s%il pressure a'tin( %n burie* pipelines s/all be ta&en int% a''%unt i+ si(ni+i'ant-
3 4** 9ress're l!a"s
4*) T/e +%ll%,in( internal pressures s/all be *e+ine* at a 'ertain *e+ine* re+eren'e le)elO system test
pressure. %peratin( pressure Ci+ rele)ant4. *esi(n pressure Ci+ appli'able4. an* in'i*ental pressure. see Se'-#
D"00 +%r *e+initi%ns an* Fi(ure 1 in Se'-1- T/ese pressures are summarise* in Table ;-1-
Ta6le 4-) 9ress're %er$s
Pressure )bbreviations Symbol escription
6ill test - P
/
Hy*r%stati' test pressure at t/e mill. see Se'-< E-
System test - P
t
T/e pressure t% ,/i'/ t/e '%mplete submarine pipeline system is
teste* t% pri%r t% '%mmissi%nin(. see Se'-= !"00-
In'i*ental - P
in'
6a:imum pressure C100-year )alue4 t/e submarine pipeline system is
*esi(ne* t% ,it/stan*. see Se'-# D"00-
6a:imum all%,able
in'i*ental
6AIP -
6a:imum all%,able in'i*ental pressure is e2ual t% t/e in'i*ental
pressure minus t/e pipeline sa+ety system CPSS4 %peratin( t%leran'e-
Desi(n - P
D
T/e ma:imum pressure *urin( n%rmal %perati%n t/at t/e pipeline
'%ntr%l system CPS4 all%,s-
6a:imum all%,able
%peratin(
6AOP -
6a:imum all%,able %peratin( pressure is e2ual t% t/e *esi(n pressure
minus t/e pipeline '%ntr%l system CPS4 %peratin( t%leran'e. an* is
/en'e t/e upper limit %+ t/e pipeline '%ntr%l system-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e in'i*ental pressure is *e+ine* in terms %+ e:'ee*an'e pr%bability ,it/in a year- T/e rati% bet,een t/e in'i*ental
pressure an* t/e *esi(n pressure. see Table #-1. is *etermine* by t/e a''ura'y an* spee* %+ t/e pipeline sa+ety system-
@/en t/e pressure s%ur'e is (i)en Ce-(- ,ell /ea* s/ut-in pressure4 t/is may '%nstitute t/e sele'ti%n %+ t/e in'i*ental
pressure- T/e *esi(n pressure 'an t/en be establis/e* base* %n t/e pipeline sa+ety system- @/en transp%rt 'apa'ity
re2uirement '%nstitute t/e *esi(n premise t/is may (i)e t/e *esi(n pressure an* t/e in'i*ental pressure 'an t/en be
establis/e* base* %n t/e pipeline sa+ety system-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e l%'al pressure is t/e internal pressure at a spe'i+i' p%int base* %n t/e re+eren'e pressure a*Guste* +%r
t/e +lui* '%lumn ,ei(/t *ue t% t/e *i++eren'e in ele)ati%n- It 'an be e:presse* as0
,/ere
p
li
is t/e l%'al in'i*ental pressure
p
in'
is t/e in'i*ental re+eren'e pressure at t/e re+eren'e ele)ati%n
'%nt
is t/e *ensity %+ t/e rele)ant '%ntent %+ t/e pipeline
g is t/e (ra)ity
h
re+
is t/e ele)ati%n %+ t/e re+eren'e p%int Cp%siti)e up,ar*s4
h
l
is t/e ele)ati%n %+ t/e l%'al pressure p%int Cp%siti)e up,ar*s4
p
lt
is t/e l%'al system test pressure
p
t
is t/e system test re+eren'e pressure at t/e re+eren'e ele)ati%n
t
is t/e *ensity %+ t/e rele)ant test me*ium %+ t/e pipeline
p
*
is t/e *esi(n pressure at t/e pressure re+eren'e ele)ati%n
in'
is t/e in'i*ental t% *esi(n pressure rati%
4*8 In 'ases ,/ere e:ternal pressure in'reases t/e 'apa'ity. t/e e:ternal pressure s/all n%t be ta&en as /i(/er
t/an t/e ,ater pressure at t/e '%nsi*ere* l%'ati%n '%rresp%n*in( t% l%, astr%n%mi' ti*e in'lu*in( p%ssible
ne(ati)e st%rm sur(e-
4*4 In 'ases ,/ere t/e e:ternal pressure *e'reases t/e 'apa'ity. t/e e:ternal pressure s/all n%t be ta&en as
less t/an t/e ,ater pressure at t/e '%nsi*ere* l%'ati%n '%rresp%n*in( t% /i(/ astr%n%mi' ti*e in'lu*in( st%rm
sur(e-
C. En-ir!n$en%al !a"s
C )** General
)*) En)ir%nmental l%a*s are *e+ine* as t/%se l%a*s %n t/e pipeline system ,/i'/ are 'ause* by t/e
surr%un*in( en)ir%nment. an* t/at are n%t %t/er,ise 'lassi+ie* as +un'ti%nal %r a''i*ental l%a*s-
)*4 Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r 'al'ulati%n %+ '/ara'teristi' en)ir%nmental l%a*s is (i)en in DNV-RP-"0=-
C 4** Win" l!a"s
4*) @in* l%a*s s/all be *etermine* usin( re'%(nise* t/e%reti'al prin'iples- Alternati)ely. *ire't appli'ati%n
%+ *ata +r%m a*e2uate tests may be use*-
4*4 T/e p%ssibility %+ )ibrati%ns an* instability *ue t% ,in* in*u'e* 'y'li' l%a*s s/all be '%nsi*ere* Ce-(-
)%rte: s/e**in(4-
C 8** H7"r!"7na$ic l!a"s
8*) Hy*r%*ynami' l%a*s are *e+ine* as +l%,-in*u'e* l%a*s 'ause* by t/e relati)e m%ti%n bet,een t/e pipe
an* t/e surr%un*in( ,ater-
8*4 All rele)ant s%ur'es +%r /y*r%*ynami' l%a*s s/all be '%nsi*ere*- T/is may in'lu*e ,a)es. 'urrent. an*
relati)e pipe m%ti%ns an* in*ire't +%r'es e-(- 'ause* by )essel m%ti%ns-
8*8 T/e +%ll%,in( /y*r%*ynami' l%a*s s/all be '%nsi*ere*0
1 *ra( an* li+t +%r'es ,/i'/ are in p/ase ,it/ t/e abs%lute %r relati)e ,ater parti'le )el%'ity
1 inertia +%r'es ,/i'/ are in p/ase ,it/ t/e abs%lute %r relati)e ,ater parti'le a''elerati%n
1 +l%,-in*u'e* 'y'li' l%a*s *ue t% )%rte: s/e**in(. (all%pin( an* %t/er instability p/en%mena
C;-14
C;-"4
C;-#4
p
li
= p
inc
+ p
cont
g (
rc

l
)
p
lt
= p
t
+ p
t
g (
rc

l
)
p
inc
= p
J
y
inc

1 impa't l%a*s *ue t% ,a)e slammin( an* slappin(. an*
1 bu%yan'y )ariati%ns *ue t% ,a)e a'ti%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Re'ent resear'/ int% t/e /y*r%*ynami' '%e++i'ients +%r %pen bun*les an* pi((y-ba'& lines in*i'ates t/at t/e
e2ui)alent *iameter appr%a'/ may be n%n'%nser)ati)e. an* a system spe'i+i' '%mputati%nal +lui* *ynami's CFD4
analysis may be re2uire* t% /a)e a r%bust *esi(n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*4 T/e applie* ,a)e t/e%ry s/all be 'apable %+ *es'ribin( t/e ,a)e &inemati's at t/e parti'ular ,ater *ept/
in 2uesti%n in'lu*in( sur+ J%nes /y*r%*ynami's ,/ere appli'able- T/e suitability %+ t/e sele'te* t/e%ry s/all
be *em%nstrate* an* *%'umente*-
8*# T/e 'urrent-in*u'e* *ra( an* li+t +%r'es %n t/e submarine pipeline system s/all be *etermine* an*
'%mbine* ,it/ t/e ,a)e-in*u'e* +%r'es usin( re'%(nise* t/e%ries +%r ,a)e- 'urrent intera'ti%n- A )e't%r
'%mbinati%n %+ t/e 'urrent an* ,a)e-in*u'e* ,ater parti'le )el%'ities may be use*. /%,e)er. 'al'ulati%n %+
t/e t%tal parti'le )el%'ities an* a''elerati%ns base* up%n m%re e:a't t/e%ries %n ,a)e-'urrent intera'ti%n is
pre+erable-
8*5 Data +r%m m%*el testin( %r a'&n%,le*(e* in*ustry pra'ti'e may be use* in t/e *eterminati%n %+ t/e
rele)ant /y*r%*ynami' '%e++i'ients-
8*& %nsi*erati%n s/all be (i)en t% ,a)e *ire'ti%n. s/%rt 'reste* ,a)es. ,a)e re+ra'ti%n an* s/%alin(.
s/iel*in( an* re+le'tin( e++e'ts-
8*2 Variati%ns in 'urrent )el%'ity ma(nitu*e an* *ire'ti%n as a +un'ti%n %+ ,ater *ept/ s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
8*: @/ere parts %+ t/e pipeline system are p%siti%ne* a*Ga'ent t% %t/er stru'tural parts. p%ssible e++e'ts *ue
t% *isturban'e %+ t/e +l%, +iel* s/all be '%nsi*ere* ,/en *eterminin( t/e ,a)e an*I%r 'urrent a'ti%ns- Su'/
e++e'ts may 'ause an in'rease* %r re*u'e* )el%'ity. %r *ynami' e:'itati%n by )%rti'es bein( s/e* +r%m t/e
a*Ga'ent stru'tural parts-
8)* I+ parts %+ t/e submarine pipeline system is built up %+ a number %+ 'l%sely spa'e* pipes. t/en intera'ti%n
an* s%li*i+i'ati%n e++e'ts s/all be ta&en int% a''%unt ,/en *eterminin( t/e mass an* *ra( '%e++i'ients +%r ea'/
in*i)i*ual pipe %r +%r t/e ,/%le bun*le %+ pipes- I+ su++i'ient *ata is n%t a)ailable. lar(e-s'ale m%*el tests may
be re2uire*-
8)) F%r pipelines %n %r 'l%se t% a +i:e* b%un*ary Ce-(- pipeline spans4 %r in t/e +ree stream Ce-(- risers4. li+t
+%r'es perpen*i'ular t% t/e a:is %+ t/e pipe an* perpen*i'ular t% t/e )el%'ity )e't%r s/all be ta&en int% a''%unt
Cp%ssible )%rte: in*u'e* )ibrati%ns4-
8)4 In '%nne'ti%n ,it/ )%rte: s/e**in(-in*u'e* trans)erse )ibrati%ns. p%tential in'rease in *ra( '%e++i'ient
s/all be ta&en int% a''%unt-
8)8 P%ssible in'rease* ,a)es an* 'urrent l%a*s *ue t% presen'e %+ TeeNs. RNs %r %t/er atta'/ments s/all be
'%nsi*ere*-
8)4 T/e e++e't %+ p%ssible ,a)e an* 'urrent l%a*in( %n t/e submarine pipeline system in t/e air (ap J%ne
s/all be in'lu*e*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
6a:imum ,a)e l%a* e++e'ts may n%t al,ays be e:perien'e* *urin( t/e passin( %+ t/e *esi(n ,a)e- T/e ma:imum
,a)e l%a*s may be *ue t% ,a)es %+ a parti'ular len(t/. peri%* %r steepness-
T/e initial resp%nse t% impulsi)e ,a)e slam %r slap usually %''urs be+%re t/e e:p%se* part %+ t/e submarine pipeline
system is si(ni+i'antly immerse*- T/ere+%re. %t/er +lui* l%a*in( %n t/e system nee* n%t n%rmally be applie* ,it/ t/e
impulsi)e l%a*- H%,e)er. *ue t% stru'tural '%ntinuity %+ t/e riser. (l%bal ,a)e l%a*in( %n %t/er parts %+ t/e system
must be '%nsi*ere* in a**iti%n t% t/e *ire't ,a)e l%a*in(-
@a)e slam %''urs ,/en an appr%:imately /%riJ%ntal member is en(ul+e* by a risin( ,ater sur+a'e as a ,a)e passes-
T/e /i(/est slammin( +%r'es %''ur +%r members at mean ,ater le)el an* t/e slam +%r'e *ire'ti%ns are 'l%se t% t/e
)erti'al-
@a)e slap is ass%'iate* ,it/ brea&in( ,a)es an* 'an a++e't members at any in'linati%n. but in t/e plane perpen*i'ular
t% t/e ,a)e *ire'ti%n- T/e /i(/est +%r'es %''ur %n members ab%)e mean ,ater le)el-
!%t/ slam an* slap l%a*s are applie* impulsi)ely C%)er a s/%rt instant %+ time4 an* t/e *ynami' resp%nse %+ t/e
submarine pipeline system s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8)# Parts %+ t/e submarine pipeline system. l%'ate* ab%)e t/e n%rmal ,a)e impa't J%ne. may be e:p%se* t%
,a)e l%a*in( *ue t% ,a)e run-up- B%a*s *ue t% t/is e++e't s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
8)5 T/e in'rease* l%a*s +r%m marine (r%,t/ s/all be '%nsi*ere* as +%ll%,s0
1 In'rease* *ra(Ili+t area *ue t% t/e marine (r%,t/
1 In'rease* pipe sur+a'e r%u(/ness an* resultin( in'rease in *ra( '%e++i'ient an* re*u'e* li+t '%e++i'ient
1 Any bene+i'ial e++e't %+ t/e marine (r%,t/ s/%ul* be i(n%re* in stability analyses
8)& Ti*e l%a*s s/all be '%nsi*ere* ,/en t/e ,ater *ept/ is a si(ni+i'ant parameter. e-(- +%r t/e establis/ment
%+ ,a)e a'ti%ns. pipe lay %perati%n parti'ularly near s/%re appr%a'/esIlan*+alls. et'-
C 4** ;ce l!a"s
4*) In areas ,/ere i'e may *e)el%p %r *ri+t. t/e p%ssibility %+ i'e l%a*s %n t/e pipeline system s/all be
'%nsi*ere*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
I'e l%a*s may be *ue t% i'e +r%Jen %n t/e pipeline system itsel+. %r partly *ue t% +l%atin( i'e. %r '%mbinati%n %+ t/ese
t,%-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e p%ssibility %+ i'e s'%urin( an* impa'ts +r%m *ri+tin( i'e s/all be '%nsi*ere* +%r s/%re appr%a'/es
an* areas ,/ere i'e may inter+ere ,it/ t/e seabe* an* t/e submarine pipeline system-
4*8 In'rease* /y*r%*ynami' l%a*in( *ue t% presen'e %+ i'e s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
4*4 In 'ase %+ i'e +r%Jen t% parts %+ t/e submarine pipeline system %r )essels. Ce-(- *ue t% sea spray4 t/e
+%ll%,in( +%r'es s/all be '%nsi*ere*0
1 ,ei(/t %+ t/e i'e
1 impa't +%r'es *ue t% t/a, %+ t/e i'e
1 +%r'es *ue t% e:pansi%n %+ t/e i'e
1 in'rease* ,in*. ,a)es an* 'urrent +%r'es *ue t% in'rease* e:p%se* area-
4*# F%r'es +r%m +l%atin( i'e s/all be 'al'ulate* a''%r*in( t% re'%(nise* t/e%ry- Due attenti%n s/all be pai*
t% t/e me'/ani'al pr%perties %+ t/e i'e. '%nta't area. s/ape %+ stru'ture. *ire'ti%n %+ i'e m%)ements. et'- T/e
%s'illatin( nature %+ t/e i'e +%r'es Cbuilt-up %+ lateral +%r'e an* +ra'ture %+ m%)in( i'e4 s/all be ta&en int%
a''%unt- @/en +%r'es *ue t% lateral i'e m%ti%n ,ill (%)ern stru'tural *imensi%ns. m%*el testin( %+ t/e i'e-
stru'ture intera'ti%n may be re2uire*-
C #** Ear%h<'a0e
#*) B%a* imp%se* by eart/ 2ua&e. eit/er *ire'tly %r in*ire'tly Ce-(- *ue t% +ailure %+ pipeline (ra)el supp%rts4.
s/all be 'lassi+ie* as a''i*ental %r en)ir%nmental l%a*s. *epen*in( %n t/e pr%bability %+ eart/2ua&e %''urren'e
in line ,it/ a''i*ental l%a*s in F-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Spe'ial attenti%n s/all be (i)en t% ensure t/at appr%priate l%a*s +r%m eart/ 2ua&es are in'lu*e* in t/e *esi(n- T/is
implies t/at e-(- 100-year. 1000-year an* 10 000-year '/ara'teristi' return peri%* )alues nee*s t% be e)aluate*- N%te
t/at implementati%n %+ l%a* Ce++e't4 +a't%rs may )ary +r%m '%*e t% '%*e an* als% *epen*s %n '/ara'teristi' return
peri%* +%r t/e l%a*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
C 5** Charac%eris%ic en-ir!n$en%al l!a" e++ec%s
5*) T/e '/ara'teristi' en)ir%nmental l%a* an* t/e '%rresp%n*in( l%a* e++e't *epen* %n '%n*iti%n0
1 ,eat/er restri'te* '%n*iti%n
1 unrestri'te* '%n*iti%n Ctemp%rary '%n*iti%n %r permanent '%n*iti%n4-
Fi(ure 1 %utlines t/e pr%'e*ure +%r assessin( en)ir%nmental l%a*s- Operati%n limits COP
BI6
4 is t/e minimum
en)ir%nmental limitati%n %+ t/e %perati%ns in)%l)e* in pipe layin(. an* may be pipe l%a* e++e'ts. pipe /an*lin(.
an'/%r /an*lin(. HSE issues et'-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Bimitin( pipe l%a* e++e'ts are typi'ally l%'al bu'&lin( %r +ati(ue-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
Fig're )
De%er$ina%i!n !+ charac%eris%ic en-ir!n$en%al l!a"
5*4 @eat/er restri'te* %perati%ns may start-up base* up%n reliable ,eat/er +%re'ast less t/an t/e %perati%n
limit- 8n'ertainty in t/e ,eat/er +%re'ast +%r t/e %perati%nal peri%* s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
G'i"ance n!%e )F
T/e %perati%n limit may be *e+ine* by ma:imum all%,e* stru'tural resp%nse Ce-(- l%'al bu'&lin( in t/e sa( ben*4.
an'/%r /an*lin( 'apability. sa+e ,%r&in( '%n*iti%ns %n *e'&. assistan'e system %r any limitati%ns i*enti+ie* in
HAUOP- In 'ase %perati%n limits are stri'ter +%r 'easin( t/e %perati%n t/an +%r n%rmal layin( t/is s/%ul* be e)aluate*
in *etail-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
F%r ,eat/er restri'te* %perati%ns an* e:ample %+ /%, t% a''%unt +%r t/e un'ertainty in ,eat/er +%re'ast re+eren'e is
ma*e t% DNV-OS-H101-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
5*8 Operati%ns ,it/ a re+eren'e peri%* CT
R
4 less t/an H> /%urs an* a planne* %perati%n peri%* CT
POP
4 less
t/an <" /%urs 'an be *e+ine* as ,eat/er restri'te*- T/e %perati%n re+eren'e peri%* CT
R
4 is t/e planne* %perati%n
peri%* CT
POP
4 in'lu*in( '%ntin(en'y time. CT
4-
5*4 An %perati%n 'an be *e+ine* as ,eat/er restri'te* %perati%n e)en i+ t/e planne* %perati%n time e:'ee*s
<" /%urs pr%)i*e* t/at t/e %perati%n 'an be interrupte* an* put int% a sa+e '%n*iti%n ,it/in t/e ma:imum
all%,able peri%* +%r a ,eat/er restri'te* %perati%n- T/e re+eren'e peri%* +%r su'/ %perati%ns is *e+ine* as t/e
planne* %perati%n peri%* +%r 'easin( t/e %perati%n. CTN
POP
4. in'lu*in( t/e '%ntin(en'y time +%r 'easin( t/e
%perati%n CTN
4- T/e planne* %perati%n peri%* +%r 'easin( t/e %perati%ns is *e+ine* as t/e time t% sa+ely 'ease
t/e %perati%n CT
Sa+e
4 an* t/e ,eat/er +%re'ast inter)als CT
@F
4-
5*# An %perati%n 'an be *e+ine* as a temp%rary '%n*iti%n i+ t/e *urati%n is less t/an > m%nt/s unless *e+ine*
as ,eat/er restri'te* '%n*iti%ns- T/e en)ir%nmental l%a* e++e't +%r temp%rary '%n*iti%ns s/all be ta&en as t/e
10-year return peri%* +%r t/e a'tual seas%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
%n*iti%ns e:'ee*in( > m%nt/s but n% l%n(er t/an 1" m%nt/s may %''asi%nally be *e+ine* as temp%rary '%n*iti%ns-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
5*5 %n*iti%ns n%t *e+ine* as ,eat/er restri'te* '%n*iti%ns %r temp%rary '%n*iti%ns s/all be *e+ine* as
permanent '%n*iti%ns- T/e en)ir%nmental l%a* e++e't +%r permanent '%n*iti%ns s/all be ta&en as t/e 100-year
return peri%*-
5*& @/en '%nsi*erin( t/e en)ir%nmental *esi(n l%a* t/e m%st un+a)%urable rele)ant '%mbinati%n. p%siti%n
an* *ire'ti%n %+ simultane%usly a'tin( en)ir%nmental l%a*s s/all be use* in *%'umentin( t/e inte(rity %+ t/e
submarine pipeline system- Fun'ti%nal l%a*s Csee !4. inter+eren'e l%a*s Csee E4 an* a''i*ental l%a*s Csee F4
s/all be '%mbine* ,it/ t/e en)ir%nmental l%a*s as appr%priate. see 310#-
5*2 T/e '/ara'teristi' en)ir%nmental l%a* e++e't +%r installati%n. #
E
. is *e+ine* as t/e m%st pr%bable lar(est
l%a* e++e't +%r a (i)en seastate an* appr%priate 'urrent an* ,in* '%n*iti%ns (i)en by0
,/ere0
&C#
!
4 is t/e 'umulati)e *istributi%n +un'ti%n %+ #
!
. an* 4 is t/e number %+ l%a* e++e't 'y'les in a sea-state %+
a *urati%n n%t less t/an # /%urs-
5*: T/e m%st 'riti'al l%a* e++e't '%mbinati%n +%r t/e rele)ant return peri%* s/all be use*- @/en t/e
'%rrelati%ns am%n( t/e *i++erent en)ir%nmental l%a* '%mp%nents Ci-e- ,in*. ,a)e. 'urrent %r i'e4 are un&n%,n
t/e '/ara'teristi' '%mbine* en)ir%nmental l%a*s in Table ;-" may be use*-
D. C!ns%r'c%i!n !a"s
D )** General
)*) B%a*s ,/i'/ arise as a result %+ t/e '%nstru'ti%n an* %perati%n %+ t/e submarine pipeline system s/all be
'lassi+ie* int% +un'ti%nal an* en)ir%nmental l%a*s-
)*4 %nstru'ti%n l%a*s in'lu*e0
1 sta'&in( %+ pipes
1 pipe transp%rtati%n l%a*s
1 /an*lin( %+ pipe an* pipe se'ti%ns. e-(- li+tin( %+ pipe. pipe G%ints. pipe strin(s an* pipe sp%%ls. an* reelin(
%+ pipe strin(s
1 stati' an* *ynami' installati%n l%a*s
1 pull-in at lan*+alls. tie-ins. tren'/in( et'-
1 pressure testin(
1 '%mmissi%nin( a'ti)ities. e-(- in'rease in pressure *i++erential *ue t% )a'uum *ryin(
1 *ynami' l%a*s +r%m pre-'%mmissi%nin( a'ti)ities. e-(- +l%%*in( an* *e-,aterin( ,it/ pi(s-
)*8 Inertia l%a*s *ue t% su**en ,ater +illin(. e:'essi)e *e+%rmati%n in %)erben* an* sa(ben*. an* +%r'es *ue
t% %perati%n err%rs %r +ailures in e2uipment t/at '%ul* 'ause %r a((ra)ate 'riti'al '%n*iti%ns s/all be '%nsi*ere*.
see Se'-10 A#00-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e *esi(n 'riteria +%r su'/ '%nsi*erati%ns ,ill *epen* %n t/e li&eli/%%* %+ t/e s'enari%- In 'ase t/e li&eli/%%* is less
t/an %n'e in /un*re* years. it 'an be '%nsi*ere* as an a''i*ental limit state an* be '/e'&e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-=
D1000. else a n%rmal 8BS '/e'& apply-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*4 F%r '%nstru'ti%n l%a*s imp%se* by (e%metri'al t%leran'es. e:treme t%leran'es may be ta&en as mean [
# stan*ar* *e)iati%ns %+ t/e '%mbine* t%leran'es-
C;-;4
Ta6le 4-4 C!$6ina%i!ns !+ charac%eris%ic en-ir!n$en%al l!a"s in %er$s !+ re%'rn (eri!"
)/
6ind 6aves %urrent 'ce !arth *ua.e
Permanent '%n*iti%n
100-year 100-year 10-year
10-year 10-year 10-year 100-year
"4
Temp%rary '%n*iti%n
"4
14 T/is is in '%mplian'e ,it/ ISO 1><0F. but in '%n+li't ,it/ ISO 1#>"# in 'ase t/e *esi(n li+e is less t/an ## years-
"4 Spe'ial attenti%n s/all be (i)en t% p%tential ,a)es %r 'urrent in*u'es by eart/2ua&es-
& #
!
( ) 1
1
4
--- - E ?
!ec.1 Design " 7oads - 0age 3%
E. ;n%er+erence !a"s
E )** General
)*) B%a*s ,/i'/ are imp%se* %n t/e pipeline system +r%m #r* party a'ti)ities s/all be 'lassi+ie* as
inter+eren'e l%a*s- Typi'al inter+eren'e l%a* in'lu*e tra,l inter+eren'e. an'/%rin(. )essel impa'ts an* *r%ppe*
%bGe'ts-
)*4 T/e re2uirement +%r *esi(nin( t/e submarine pipeline system +%r inter+eren'e l%a*s s/all be *etermine*
base* up%n inter+eren'e +re2uen'y stu*ies an* assessment %+ t/e p%tential *ama(e- I+ t/e pr%bability %+
%''urren'e is less t/an 10
-"
,it/in a year t/e l%a* s/all be 'lassi+ie* as a''i*ental l%a*. see F-
)*8 T/e tra,lin( l%a*s 'an be *i)i*e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e t/ree 'r%ssin( p/ases0
1 Tra,l impa't. i-e- t/e initial impa't +r%m t/e tra,l b%ar* %r beam ,/i'/ may 'ause l%'al *ents %n t/e pipe
%r *ama(e t% t/e '%atin(-
1 O)er-tra,lin(. %+ten re+erre* t% as pull-%)er. i-e- t/e se'%n* p/ase 'ause* by t/e ,ire an* tra,l b%ar* %r
beam sli*in( %)er t/e pipe- T/is ,ill usually (i)e a m%re (l%bal resp%nse %+ t/e pipeline-
1 H%%&in(. i-e- t/e tra,l b%ar* is stu'& un*er t/e pipe an* in e:treme 'ases. +%r'es as lar(e as t/e brea&in(
stren(t/ %+ t/e tra,l ,ire are applie* t% t/e pipeline-
H%%&in( /as %+ten a +re2uen'y less t/an 10
-"
per year an* t/en 'ate(%rise* as an a''i*ental l%a*-
)*4 Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r 'al'ulati%ns %+ tra,l inter+eren'e l%a*s is (i)en in DNV-RP-F111-
)*# T/e tra,l impa't ener(y s/all be *etermine* '%nsi*erin(. as a minimum0
1 t/e tra,l (ear mass an* )el%'ity
1 t/e e++e'ti)e a**e* mass an* )el%'ity-
T/e impa't ener(y s/all be use* +%r testin( %+ t/e pipeline '%atin(s an* p%ssible *entin( %+ t/e pipeline ,all
t/i'&ness- In 'ase pi((y-ba'& lines t/ese s/all als% /a)e a*e2uate sa+ety a(ainst tra,l impa'ts-
)*5 Ot/er #r* party inter+eren'e l%a*s s/all be 'al'ulate* usin( re'%(nise* met/%*s-
F. Acci"en%al !a"s
F )** General
)*) B%a*s ,/i'/ are imp%se* %n a pipeline system un*er abn%rmal an* unplanne* '%n*iti%ns an* ,it/ an
pr%bability %+ %''urren'e less t/an 10
-"
,it/in a year s/all be 'lassi+ie* as a''i*ental l%a*s-
)*4 Typi'al a''i*ental l%a*s 'an be 'ause* by0
1 e:treme ,a)e an* 'urrent l%a*s
1 )essel impa't %r %t/er *ri+tin( items C'%llisi%n. (r%un*in(. sin&in(. i'eber(4
1 *r%ppe* %bGe'ts
1 in+re2uent internal %)er pressure Ce-(- in 'ase %+ mal+un'ti%n %+ HIPPS4
1 seabe* m%)ement an*I%r mu* sli*es
1 e:pl%si%n
1 +ire an* /eat +lu:
1 a''i*ental ,ater +illin( *ue t% ,et bu'&le
1 %perati%nal mal+un'ti%n
1 *ra((in( an'/%rs-
)*8 Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r siJe an* +re2uen'y %+ a''i*ental l%a*s is (i)en in DNV-RP-F10<-
G. Design !a" E++ec%s
G )** General
)*) A l%a* e++e't is t/e resultin( 'r%ss se'ti%nal l%a*s arisin( as resp%nse t% applie* l%a*s Ce-(- ,ei(/t.
pressure. *ra(4-
)*4 T/e ma(nitu*e %+ a time )ariant l%a* e++e't t% be use* in a limit state 'riteri%n is *e+ine* by its pr%bability
%+ bein( e:'ee*e*. t/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* e++e't-
)*8 T/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* e++e'ts +r%m t/e *i++erent l%a* 'ate(%ries are '%mbine* by l%a* e++e't +a't%rs t%
'%nstitute t/e *esi(n l%a* e++e't-
G 4** Charac%eris%ic l!a"
4*) T/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* e++e't is a 2uanti+ie* l%a* e++e't t% be use* in t/e *esi(n l%a* e++e't 'al'ulati%n-
!ec.1 Design " 7oads - 0age 3$
T/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* +%r time in)ariant l%a*s is t/e n%minal Ca)era(e4 l%a*- T/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* +%r time
)ariant l%a*s is (i)en in >00-
4*4 T/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* e++e't is '%mp%se* %+ '%ntributi%ns %+ +un'ti%nal. en)ir%nmental an* inter+eren'e
l%a* e++e'ts-
4*8 F%r n%n-,eat/er restri'te* %perati%ns. t/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* ,ill be t/e m%st 'riti'al 100-year l%a*
e++e't
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e 100-year return peri%* implies a pr%bability %+ e:'ee*an'e %+ 10
-"
,it/in a year-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e m%st 'riti'al 100-year l%a* e++e't is n%rmally (%)erne* by e:treme +un'ti%nal. e:treme
en)ir%nmental. e:treme inter+eren'e %r a''i*ental l%a* e++e't- 8nless spe'ial e)aluati%n is 'arrie* %ut t%
i*enti+y t/e m%st 'riti'al 100-year l%a* e++e't. t/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* e++e'ts in Table ;-# s/all be use*-
4*# In a**iti%n t% t/e '/ara'teristi' l%a*s *e+ine* ab%)e. t/e +ati(ue l%a* 'ase s/all als% be '/e'&e*. see Table
;-#-
G 8** Design l!a" e++ec%
8*) Ea'/ limit state. see Se'-= D. s/all be '/e'&e* +%r t/e *esi(n l%a* e++e't-
8*4 T/e *esi(n l%a* e++e't 'an (enerally be e:presse* in t/e +%ll%,in( +%rmat0
In spe'i+i' +%rms. t/is '%rresp%n*s t%0
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e l%a* '%mbinati%ns t% t/e le+t are re+erre* t% e:pli'itly in t/e limit state 'riteria. e-(- E2- C=-1H4-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*8 T/e *esi(n l%a* e++e't s/all be 'al'ulate* +%r t/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* Csee 3"004 +%r all rele)ant l%a* e++e't
'%mbinati%ns an* '%rresp%n*in( l%a* e++e't +a't%rs in Table ;-;-
Ta6le 4-8 Charac%eris%ic l!a"s
!"treme #oad #oad effect factor
combination
14
&unctional
load
!nvironmental
load
'nterference
load
)ccidental
load
Fun'ti%nal l%a* e++e't a. b 100-year
"4
1-year Ass%'iate* NA
En)ir%nmental l%a*
e++e't
a. b Ass%'iate*
#4
100-year
;4
Ass%'iate* NA
Inter+eren'e l%a* e++e't b Ass%'iate*
#4
Ass%'iate* 8! NA
Fati(ue l%a* e++e't
=4
' Ass%'iate* Ass%'iate* Ass%'iate* NA
A''i*ental l%a* e++e't * Ass%'iate* Ass%'iate* Ass%'iate* !E
%haracteristic load definition
n-year0 6%st pr%bable ma:imum in n years. 8!0 8pper !%un*. !E0 !est estimate
14 T/e re+erre* l%a* e++e't +a't%r '%mbinati%ns are (i)en in Table ;-;-
"4 T/is ,ill n%rmally be e2ui)alent t% an internal pressure e2ual t% t/e l%'al in'i*ental pressure '%mbine* ,it/
e:pe'te* ass%'iate* )alues %+ %t/er +un'ti%nal l%a*s-
#4 T/is ,ill n%rmally be e2ui)alent t% an internal pressure an* temperature n%t less t/an t/e %peratin( pressure an* t/e
%peratin( temperature pr%+iles-
;4 As *e+ine* in Table ;-"-
=4 T/e +ati(ue l%a* 'ases areO
a4 'y'li' +un'ti%nal l%a*in( Cstart-up an* s/ut-*%,n. pressure an* temperature 'y'les s/all be represente*4.
b4 ran*%m en)ir%nmental l%a* Ce-(- ,a)e an* 'urrent spe'tra. '%nser)ati)e pressure an* temperature +%r t/e +ati(ue
*ama(e s/all be use*4 an*
'4 repeate* inter+eren'e l%a*in( C'%nser)ati)e pressure an* temperature +%r t/e +ati(ue *ama(e s/all be use*4
C;-=4
C;->4
C;-<4
C;-F4
c ) ) c & ' ! ! c & & Sd
# # # # # + + + =
c ) ) c & ' ! ! c & & Sd
$ $ $ $ $ + + + =
c ) ) c & ' ! ! c & & Sd
+ + + =
c ) ) c & ' ! ! c & & Sd
S S S S S + + + =
!ec.1 Design " 7oads - 0age 3&
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e partial sa+ety +a't%rs in DNV-OS-F101 /a)e been *etermine* by stru'tural reliability met/%*s t% a pre-*e+ine*
+ailure pr%bability- Stru'tural reliability 'al'ulati%ns *i++erentiate bet,een sin(le G%int +ailures Cl%'al '/e'&s4 an*
series system +ailures Csystem e++e'ts4-
T/ese t,% &in*s %+ s'enari%s are e:presse* as t,% *i++erent l%a* e++e't '%mbinati%ns in DNV-OS-F1010
a4 s/all %nly be '%nsi*ere* +%r s'enari%s ,/ere system e++e'ts are present
b4 +%r l%'al s'enari%s an* s/all al,ays be '%nsi*ere*-
@/en system e++e'ts are present. t/e pipeline ,ill +ail at its ,ea&est p%int- Hen'e. t/e li&ely l%a* s/all be '%mbine*
,it/ t/e e:treme l%, resistan'e- Applie* t% pipelines system e++e't 'an be e:presse* as t/e ,ea&est lin& prin'iple
C,/ere t/e '/ain (ets ,ea&er t/e l%n(er t/e '/ain is4- T/is is '/ara'terise* by t/at t/e ,/%le pipeline is e:p%se* t%
t/e same l%a* %)er time-
Applie* t% pipelines. system e++e'ts are present +%r0
- pressure '%ntainment
- '%llapse. in as installe* '%n+i(urati%n
- installati%n-
T/e +irst t,% are /an*le* by t/e use %+ t/i'&ness t
1
- T/is is als% ,/y t/i'&ness t
"
an* n%t t
1
is use* +%r t/e burst
'apa'ity in t/e l%'al bu'&lin( +%r pressurise* pipes. sin'e it is a l%'al '/e'&-
Re(ar*in( installati%n. an e:treme en)ir%nmental l%a* is n%t li&ely t% %''ur ,/en t/e ,ea&est pipe se'ti%n is at t/e
m%st e:p%se* l%'ati%n in*i'atin( t/at system e++e'ts n%t are present- H%,e)er. '%mbine* ,it/ a m%re representati)e
en)ir%nmental l%a* Cin t/e e:treme 'ase. S+lat seaT4. t/e ,/%le pipeline ,ill un*er(% t/e same *e+%rmati%n S%)er
timeT. /en'e. /a)in( a system e++e't present-
In Table ;-;. l%a* e++e't +a't%r '%mbinati%n a /as a l%a* e++e't +a't%r %+ 1-" +%r t/e +un'ti%nal l%a* t% '%)er t/e system
e++e't '%mbine* ,it/ a 0-< l%a* e++e't +a't%r +%r t/e e:treme en)ir%nmental l%a* (i)in( a m%re Srepresentati)eT
en)ir%nmental l%a*. appli'able +%r t/e ab%)e-
An%t/er e:ample %+ ,/ere system e++e'ts are present is +%r reelin( ,/ere t/e ,/%le pipe is e:p%se* t% t/e same
*e+%rmati%n Cne(le'tin( t/e )ariati%n in *rum *iameter in'rease4- F%r t/is appli'ati%n. a '%n*iti%n l%a* +a't%r %+ 0-F"
applies. (i)in( t/e t%tal l%a* e++e't +a't%r %+ 1-" 0-F" ? 1-0-
Hen'e. l%a* '%mbinati%n b s/all al,ays be '/e'&e* ,/ile l%a* '%mbinati%n a n%rmally is '/e'&e* +%r installati%n %nly-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*4 T/e '%n*iti%n l%a* e++e't +a't%r applies t% t/e '%n*iti%ns in Table ;-=- %n*iti%n l%a* e++e't +a't%rs are
in a**iti%n t% t/e l%a* e++e't +a't%rs an* are re+erre* t% e:pli'itly in E2- C;-=. ;-> an* ;-<4-
G'i"ance n!%eF
S8ne)en seabe*T re+ers t% pipeline restin( %n t/e seabe* an* n%t t% installati%n %n un-e)en seabe*-Se)eral '%n*iti%n
+a't%rs may be re2uire* simultane%usly. e-(- +%r pressure testin( %+ pipelines %n seabe*. t/e resultin( '%n*iti%n +a't%r
,ill be 1-0< Z 0-H# ? 1-00-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G 4** !a" e++ec% calc'la%i!ns
4*) T/e l%a* e++e't 'al'ulati%ns s/all be base* %n a''epte* prin'iples %+ stati's. *ynami's. stren(t/ %+
materials an* s%il me'/ani's-
Ta6le 4-4 !a" e++ec% +ac%!r c!$6ina%i!ns
#imit State /
#oad
combination
#oad effect combination &unctional
loads
14
!nvironmental
load
'nterference
loads
)ccidental
loads

F

E

F

A
3#S a System '/e'&
"4
1-" 0-<
b B%'al '/e'& 1-1 1-# 1-1
FBS c 1-0 1-0 1-0
ABS d 1-0 1-0 1-0 1-0
14 I+ t/e +un'ti%nal l%a* e++e't re*u'es t/e '%mbine* l%a* e++e'ts.
F
s/all be ta&en as 1I1-1-
"4 T/is l%a* e++e't +a't%r '%mbinati%n s/all %nly be '/e'&e* ,/en system e++e'ts are present. i-e- ,/en t/e maG%r part %+ t/e pipeline
is e:p%se* t% t/e same +un'ti%nal l%a*- T/is ,ill typi'ally %nly apply t% pipeline installati%n-
Ta6le 4-# C!n"i%i!n l!a" e++ec% +ac%!rs=
C
%ondition
'
Pipeline restin( %n une)en seabe* 1-0<
Reelin( %n an* 7-tube pull-in 0-F"
System pressure test 0-H#
Ot/er,ise 1-00
!ec.1 Design " 7oads - 0age 3'
4*4 In*ustry re'%(nise* 'al'ulati%ns t%%ls. %r t%%ls *%'umente* t% pr%)i*e '%rresp%n*in( results. s/%ul* be
use* +%r *esi(n an* '%nstru'ti%n analyses %+ t/e submarine pipeline system-
4*8 6%*el tests may be use* in '%mbinati%n ,it/. %r instea* %+. t/e%reti'al 'al'ulati%ns- In 'ases ,/ere
t/e%reti'al met/%*s are ina*e2uate. m%*el %r +ull-s'ale tests may be re2uire*-
4*4 T/e *ynami' e++e't s/all be ta&en int% a''%unt ,/en *eterminin( resp%nses t% *ynami' l%a*s-
4*# T/e e++e't %+ statisti'al un'ertainty *ue t% t/e am%unt an* a''ura'y %+ *ata s/all be assesse* an*. i+
si(ni+i'ant. s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e e)aluati%n %+ t/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* e++e't-
4*5 @/en n%n-linear material is re2uire* in t/e analyses t/e stress-strain 'ur)e s/all base* %n spe'i+ie*
minimum )alues a''%untin( +%r temperature *eratin( C+
y
an* +
u
4 '%nsi*ere* bein( en(ineerin( stress )alues.
e:'ept +%r ,/en t/e mean %r upper b%un* )alues are e:pli'itly re2uire* by t/e pr%'e*ure Ce-(- +%r +ra'ture
me'/ani's appli'ati%ns4- T/e use %+ true )ersus en(ineerin( stress strain 'ur)e s/all be '%nsistent-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e strain at +
u
is n%rmally '%nsi*erably less t/an t/e +ra'ture strain an* is n%rmally in t/e %r*er %+ > t% 10L- T/is
s/%ul* be *etermine* +r%m tests %+ similar material-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*& B%a* e++e't 'al'ulati%n s/%ul* be per+%rme* applyin( n%minal 'r%ss se'ti%n )alues unless %t/er,ise
re2uire* by t/e '%*e-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Spe'ial attenti%n s/all be (i)en t% ensure t/at '%nser)ati)e l%a* e++e't 'al'ulati%ns are per+%rme*. implyin( t/at t/e
applie* 'r%ss se'ti%n )alues are '%nser)ati)e- In 'ase lar(er p%siti)e ,all t/i'&ness t%leran'es are a(ree* Csee Table
<-1F an* Table <-">4 it s/%ul* be n%te* t/at lar(er steel 'r%ss se'ti%nal area ,ill (enerate lar(er e:pansi%n +%r'es-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*2 T/e e++e'ti)e a:ial +%r'e t/at *etermines t/e (l%bal resp%nse %+ a pipeline is *en%te* S- %untin( tensile
+%r'e as p%siti)e0
4*: Split up int% +un'ti%nal. en)ir%nmental an* a''i*ental e++e'ti)e +%r'e. t/e +%ll%,in( applies0
S
E
? N
E
S
A
? N
A
4)* In t/e as-lai* '%n*iti%n. ,/en t/e pipe temperature an* internal pressure are t/e same as ,/en t/e pipe
,as lai*.
@/ere 1 is t/e e++e'ti)e Cresi*ual4 lay tensi%n- T/e e++e'ti)e resi*ual lay tensi%n may be *etermine* by
'%mparin( t/e as-lai* sur)ey *ata t% results +r%m FE analysis-
4)) E++e'ti)e a:ial +%r'e %+ a t%tally restraine* pipe in t/e linear elasti' stress ran(e is0
,/ere0
H ? E++e'ti)e Cresi*ual4 lay tensi%n
p
i
? Internal pressure *i++eren'e relati)e t% as lai*
? Temperature *i++eren'e relati)e t% as lai*.
C;-H4
C;-104
C;-114
C;-1"4
( ) ( ) ( )
" "
"
"
;
p t p 4 ) p ) p 4 p S
e i e e i i i
= + =
( ) ( ) ( )
" "
"
"
;
p t p 4 ) p ) p 4 p S
e i & e e i i & i &
= + =
1 S =
( ) T ! ) ) p 1 S
s i i
= " 1
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 31
SECT;ON #
DES;GN ;M;T STATE CR;TER;A
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is se'ti%n pr%)i*es limit state 'riteria an* (eneral re2uirements +%r t/e submarine pipeline systems-
A 4** A((lica%i!n
4*) T/is stan*ar* in'lu*es n% limitati%ns %n ,ater *ept/- H%,e)er. ,/en t/is stan*ar* is applie* in *eep
,ater ,/ere e:perien'e is limite*. spe'ial '%nsi*erati%n s/all be (i)en t%0
1 %t/er +ailure me'/anisms t/an t/%se (i)en in t/is se'ti%n
1 )ali*ity %+ parameter ran(e Cen)ir%nmentalI*esi(nI%perati%nal parameters4
1 *ynami' e++e'ts-
4*4 T/is stan*ar* *%es n%t spe'i+y any e:pli'it limitati%ns ,it/ respe't t% elasti' *ispla'ements %r )ibrati%ns.
pr%)i*e* t/at t/e e++e'ts %+ lar(e *ispla'ements an* *ynami' be/a)i%ur. in'lu*in( +ati(ue e++e't %+ )ibrati%ns.
%perati%nal '%nstraints an* rat'/etin(. are ta&en int% a''%unt in t/e stren(t/ analyses an* +%un* a''eptable-
4*8 T/is stan*ar* *%es n%t spe'i+y any limitati%ns %n pipe (e%metries but s%me limit states ,ere *e)el%pe*
+%r a limite* (e%metry an* l%a* ran(e t/at is state* ,it/ t/e 'riteri%n- F%r (e%metries an* l%a*s %utsi*e t/ese
limits. 'riteria nee* t% be *e)el%pe* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e sa+ety p/il%s%p/y in Se'-"-
4*4 T/e l%'al bu'&lin( limit states. see D#00 t% D>00. are %nly appli'able t% pipelines t/at are strai(/t in
stress-+ree '%n*iti%n an* are n%t appli'able t% e-(- ben*s-
4*# F%r parts %+ t/e submarine pipeline system ,/i'/ e:ten* %ns/%re '%mplementary re2uirements are (i)en
in Appen*i: F-
4*5 F%r spiral ,el*e* pipes. t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal limitati%ns apply0
1 ,/en supplementary re2uirement F C+ra'ture arrest pr%perties4 is spe'i+ie*. see Se'-<. t/e p%ssibility +%r a
runnin( +ra'ture t% '%ntinue +r%m a ,el* in %ne pipe G%int t% t/e ,el* %+ t/e ne:t pipe G%int s/all be assesse*
1 e:ternal pressure resistan'e s/%ul* be *%'umente*
1 t/e *esi(n s/all be base* %n t/e l%a* '%ntr%lle* '%n*iti%n. see D>00. unless t/e +easibility +%r use %+
*ispla'ement '%ntr%lle* '%n*iti%n 'an be *%'umente*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e limitati%ns t% +ra'ture arrest an* l%a* '%ntr%lle* '%n*iti%n are *ue t% limite* e:perien'e ,it/ spiral ,el*e* pipes
subGe'te* t% runnin( +ra'ture %r lar(e strains-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*) T/e %)erall re2uirement t% systemati' re)ie, in Se'-" ,ill +%r t/is se'ti%n imply0
1 A 'lear *e+initi%n %+ '%*e brea& bet,een '%mp%nents an* pipeline system
1 lear *e+initi%n %+ t/e '%*esN pressure *e+initi%ns '%rresp%n*en'e
1 A 'lear *es'ripti%n %+ t/e %)erall system in'lu*in( inter+a'es an* resp%nsibilities. '%)erin( b%t/ temp%rary
an* permanent p/ases-
1 An %)erall re)ie, %+ all p%tential +ailure m%*es s/all be '%n*u'te*
1 T/e stru'tural inte(rity an* +un'ti%nality %+ pipeline '%mp%nents s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e sa+ety re2uirements
+%r t/e '%nne'te* pipeline system. re+- Se'-"-
1 Pre-'%mmissi%nin( a'ti)ities
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e ab%)e ,ill in'lu*e a HAUID %+ t/e installati%n a'ti)ity t% i*enti+y p%tential impa't %n *esi(n su'/ as sele'ti%n %+
sa+ety 'lass *urin( installati%n Cre+- Se'-10 FF004-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
3. S7s%e$ Design Re<'ire$en%s
3 )** S'6$arine (i(eline s7s%e$ la7!'%
)*) Pipelines. risers an* 7-tubes s/%ul* be r%ute* insi*e t/e stru'ture t% a)%i* )essel impa't. an* s/all be
pr%te'te* a(ainst impa't l%a*s +r%m )essels an* %t/er me'/ani'al intera'ti%n- Risers an* 7-tubes s/%ul* n%t be
l%'ate* insi*e t/e l%a*in( J%nes %+ plat+%rms-
)*4 T/e r%utin( %+ risers an* 7-tubes s/all be base* %n t/e +%ll%,in( '%nsi*erati%ns0
1 plat+%rm '%n+i(urati%n an* t%psi*es lay%ut
1 spa'e re2uirements
1 m%)ements %+ t/e riser %r 7-tube
1 'ableIpipeline appr%a'/
1 riser %r 7-tube pr%te'ti%n
1 in-ser)i'e inspe'ti%n an* maintenan'e
1 installati%n '%nsi*erati%ns-
)*8 r%ssin( bet,een pipelines an* pipelines %r 'ables s/%ul* be &ept separate* by a minimum )erti'al
*istan'e %+ 0-# m- P%tential ele'tri'al inter+eren'e an* ass%'iate* '%nse2uen'es bet,een pipelines an* 'ables
s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
)*4 T/e submarine pipeline system s/all be pr%te'te* a(ainst una''eptable *ama(e 'ause* by e-(- *r%ppe* %bGe'ts.
+is/in( (ear. s/ips. an'/%rin( et'- Pr%te'ti%n may be a'/ie)e* by %ne %r a '%mbinati%n %+ t/e +%ll%,in( means0
1 '%n'rete '%atin(
1 burial
1 '%)er Ce-(- san*. (ra)el. mattress4
1 %t/er me'/ani'al pr%te'ti%n-
)*# Relati)e settlement bet,een t/e pr%te'ti)e stru'ture an* t/e submarine pipeline system s/all be pr%perly
assesse* in t/e *esi(n %+ pr%te'ti)e stru'tures. an* s/all '%)er t/e +ull *esi(n li+e %+ t/e submarine pipeline
system- A*e2uate 'learan'e bet,een t/e pipeline '%mp%nents an* t/e members %+ t/e pr%te'ti)e stru'ture s/all
be pr%)i*e* t% a)%i* +%ulin(-
)*5 F%r stru'tural items. *%ubler plates an* rin(s ,el*e* *ire'tly t% pressure '%ntainin( parts. t/e +%ll%,in(
apply0
1 Desi(n s/all be per+%rme* +%r all rele)ant +ailure m%*es. e-(- yiel*in(. +ati(ue an* +ra'ture-
1 F%r *uple: stainless steels an* 1#r martensiti' stainless steels a stress analysis s/all be per+%rme* in ea'/
'ase t% *etermine t/at l%'al stresses ,ill n%t initiate HIS- Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r *esi(n %+ *uple:
stainless steels is (i)en in DNV-RP-F11"-
1 @el*in( *ire'tly t% t/e pressure '%ntainin( parts s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 2uali+ie* ,el*in(
pr%'e*ures a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: -
1 NDT s/all be per+%rme* t% ensure stru'tural inte(rity %+ t/e pressure '%ntainin( parts-
1 T/e t%e-t%-t%e *istan'e +r%m %t/er ,el*s s/all be minimum " Z t %r =0 mm. ,/i'/e)er is lar(er-
)*& F%r *%ubler plates %r rin(s t/e +%ll%,in( apply0
1 Desi(n s/all be per+%rme* +%r all rele)ant +ailure m%*es-
1 D%ubler plates s/%ul* be 'ir'ular-
1 @el*s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 2uali+ie* ,el*in( pr%'e*ures-
1 D%ubler rin(s s/all be ma*e as +ully en'ir'lin( slee)es ,it/ t/e l%n(itu*inal ,el*s ma*e ,it/ ba'&in(
strips. an* a)%i*in( penetrati%n int% t/e main pipe material-
1 Ot/er ,el*s s/all be '%ntinu%us. an* ma*e in a manner minimisin( t/e ris& %+ r%%t 'ra'&in( an* lamellar tearin(-
)*2 3irt/ ,el*s s/%ul* n%t be '%)ere* un*er *%ubler rin(s. 'lamps. %r %t/er items-
)*: Riser an* 7-tube supp%rts s/all be *esi(ne* t% ensure a sm%%t/ transiti%n %+ +%r'es bet,een riserI7-tube
an* supp%rt-
))* F%r re2uirements t% transiti%ns. see F11" t/r%u(/ F11=-
))) F%r pi((able '%mp%nents t/e internal *iameter %+ t/e '%mp%nent s/all meet t/e re2uirements imp%se*
by t/e pi(-train-
G'i"ance n!%eF
It is re'%mmen*e* t/at ben*s ra*ius are *esi(ne* ,it/ a ra*ius n%t less t/an = n%minal internal pipe *iameter-
#D ben*s may be a''eptable i+ PI3 is *esi(ne* +%r it. typi'ally ta&in( int% a''%unt0
- Ben(t/ %+ t/e pi(O
- Pi(-b%*y *iameterO
- P%siti%n %+ t/e seal- an* (ui*e-*is'sO
- 6aterial an* siJe %+ t/e *is'sO
- P%siti%n %+ t/e (au(e-plate-
In a**iti%n. a trial +it t% be per+%rme*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
3 4** 9ress're %es% (hil!s!(h7 an" cri%eria
4*) T/e pressure '%ntainment 'apa'ity %+ t/e pipeline system is ensure* by0
1 Desi(n 'riteria an* sa+ety +a't%rs
1 Pressure testin( all pressure '%ntainin( parts by
1 Stren(t/ pressure testO 6ill pressure test +%r pipe G%ints CSe'-< E1004 an* /y*r%stati' test +%r
'%mp%nents CSe'-F 31004. an*
1 3r%ss err%r lea& testO System pressure test C!"0# an* Se'-10 I#004 an* /y*r%stati' test +%r pipeline
assemblies CSe'-< E1004
8nless ,ai)e* by !"0; %r Se'-< E10<-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e purp%ses %+ t/e mill test are0
- t% '%nstitute a pressure '%ntainment pr%%+ test
- t% ensure t/at all pipe se'ti%ns /a)e a minimum yiel* stress-
T/ere+%re. t/e mill test pressure is *e+ine* in terms %+ stress utilisati%n. see Se'-< E100. rat/er t/an in terms %+ *esi(n
pressure- Sin terms %+ stress utilisati%nT implies t/at t/e same stru'tural utilisati%n ,ill be a'/ie)e* in*epen*ent %n
temperature *e-ratin( %r '%rr%si%n all%,an'e use* in t/e *esi(n-
T/e purp%se %+ t/e system pressure test is t% pr%)e t/e pressure '%ntainment %+ t/e submarine pipeline system. i-e- it
'%nstitutes a lea&a(e test a+ter '%mplete* '%nstru'ti%n *is'l%sin( (r%ss err%rs-
T/e stren(t/ test s/all re+le't t/e /i(/est utilisati%n t/e part ,ill be e:p%se* t% *urin( its entire li+e ,it/ pr%bability
less %+ bein( e:'ee*e* ,it/in a year less t/an 10
-"
- T/e system pressure test *i++erential pressure s/all be
spt
/i(/er
t/an t/e 100-year pressure *i++eren'e-
In 'ase mill test %r system test n%t meets t/e '%rresp%n*in( re2uirements in terms %+ pressure le)el t/is ,ill result in
limitati%ns %+ t/e in'i*ental pressure as per E2- =->
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e pipeline system s/all be system pressure teste* a+ter installati%n in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-10 7#00
unless t/is is ,ai)e* by a(reement in a''%r*an'e ,it/ "0# bel%,- T/e l%'al test pressure Cp
lt
4 *urin( t/e system
pressure test s/all +ul+il t/e +%ll%,in( re2uirement +%r t/e sa+ety 'lass *urin( n%rmal %perati%n0
spt
see Table =-H-
G'i"ance n!%eF
@it/ an in'i*ental pressure %+ 10L ab%)e *esi(n pressure. t/e ab%)e (i)es a system test pressure %+ appr%:imately
1-1= times t/e l%'al *esi(n pressure C+%r sa+ety 'lass me*ium an* /i(/4 at t/e /i(/est p%int C(i)en t/at t/e test me*ium
*ensity is /i(/er t/an
spt
\ *ensity %+ t/e me*ium in %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline system part teste*4. see Fi(ure 1-
Fig're )
;ll's%ra%i!n !+ l!cal (ress'res an" re<'ire$en%s %! s7s%e$ (ress're %es%
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*8 Alternati)e means t% pr%)e t/e same le)el %+ sa+ety as ,it/ t/e system pressure test is all%,e* by
a(reement (i)en t/at t/e mill pressure test re2uirement %+ Se'-< E100 /as been met an* n%t ,ai)e* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-< E10<-
p
lt

spt
p
li
C=-14
T/e in*ustries &n%,le*(e an* tra'& re'%r* t% *ate implies t/e limitati%ns in Table =-1 +%r ,ai)in( t/e system
pressure test-
4*4 Durin( system pressure test. all limit states +%r sa+ety 'lass l%, s/all be satis+ie* Csee D4-
3 8** M!ni%!ringHins(ec%i!n "'ring !(era%i!n
8*) T/e parameter sa+ety en)el%pe establis/e* in t/e '%n'eptual p/ase. see Se'-# 100 an* D"00. s/all be
e:ten*e*Im%*i+ie* in t/e *esi(n p/ase by t/e parameters ,/i'/ '%ul* )i%late limit states %+ a pipeline system-
T/ese s/all be m%nit%re*. inspe'te* an* e)aluate* ,it/ a +re2uen'y ,/i'/ enables reme*ial a'ti%ns t% be
'arrie* %ut be+%re t/e system is *ama(e*. see Se'-11-
G'i"ance n!%eF
As a minimum t/e m%nit%rin(Iinspe'ti%n +re2uen'y s/%ul* be su'/ t/at t/e pipeline system ,ill n%t be en*an(ere*
*ue t% any realisti' *e(ra*ati%nI*eteri%rati%n t/at may %''ur bet,een t,% '%nse'uti)e inspe'ti%n inter)als-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*4 Spe'ial +%'us s/all be %n m%nit%rin( an* inspe'ti%n strate(ies +%r Sli)e pipeline systemsT i-e- pipeline
systems t/at are *esi(ne* t% '/an(e t/e '%n+i(urati%n *urin( its *esi(n li+e-
Ta6le #-) Re<'ire$en%s %! 1ai-e s7s%e$ (ress're %es%
Re*uirement
Ot/er aspe'ts ,it/ respe't t% system
pressure test t/an pressure '%ntainment
inte(rity su'/ as 'leanin(. '%ntra'tual.
s/all be a(ree*-
An inspe'ti%n an* test re(ime +%r t/e
entire submarine pipeline system s/all be
establis/e* an* *em%nstrate* t% pr%)i*e
t/e same le)el %+ sa+ety as t/e system
pressure test ,it/ respe't t% *ete'table
*e+e't siJes et'-O Re'%r*s s/all s/%, t/at
t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements /a)e
'%nsistently been %btaine* *urin(
manu+a'ture. +abri'ati%n an* installati%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e re2uirement implies t/at a rep%rtin( limit l%,er t/an t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria
s/all be use*- T/is enables tra'&in( %+ ten*en'ies su'/ t/at it 'an be *%'umente*
t/at t/e 'riteria /as been '%nsistently met- It ,ill als% in*i'ate systemati' err%rs
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
Bess t/an <=L %+ t/e pressure
'%ntainment *esi(n resistan'e s/all be
utilise*
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e re2uirement implies t/at e:ternal pressure (%)erns t/e ,all t/i'&ness *esi(n-
F%r *eep ,ater pipelines. t/e bene+it %+ a system pressure test is limite*O /en'e t/is
'riteri%n- T/e limitati%n implies t/at t/e ,all t/i'&ness s/all be at least ##L lar(er
t/an re2uire* by t/e pressure '%ntainment 'riteri%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
T/e linepipe s/all be seamless %r
pr%*u'e* by t/e SA@ met/%*- Repairs
by %t/er met/%*s are all%,e* by
a(reement-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Ot/er ,el*in( met/%*s /a)e t% *ate n%t pr%)e* similar *e(ree %+ 2uality as SA@-
SA@ is n%t re2uire* +%r t/e (irt/ ,el*s
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
All pipeline '%mp%nents an* pipeline
assemblies s/all be /y*r%stati'ally
pressure teste* *urin( manu+a'ture-
Aut%mate* 8ltras%ni' Testin( CA8T4
s/all be per+%rme* a+ter installati%n
,el*in(- Alternati)e NDT met/%*s
pr%)en t% (i)e t/e same *ete'tability an*
siJin( a''ura'y may be all%,e* by
a(reement-
G'i"ance n!%eF
A8T is n%rmally re2uire* in %r*er t% ensure t/at n% 'riti'al *e+e'ts e:ist- T/e
a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is %+ten base* %n an EA lin&in( t/e +ra'ture t%u(/ness.
*e+e'ts an* l%a*s- A rep%rtin( limit less t/an t/is a''eptan'e 'riteria is re2uire* in
%r*er t% ensure t/at t/ere is n% systemati' err%r %n t/e ,el*in( an* t% pr%)e t/at
t/e 'riteria are systemati'ally met-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
T/e pipeline s/all n%t be e:p%se* t%
a''umulate* n%minal plasti' strains
e:'ee*in( "L a+ter A8T-
Installati%n an* inter)enti%n ,%r& s/all
be unli&ely t% /a)e 'ause* *ama(e t% t/e
submarine pipeline system-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Spe'ial attenti%n s/all /ere be (i)en t% pl%u(/in(. %t/er tren'/in( met/%*s %r
t/ir* party *ama(es e-(- an'/%r '/ains %+ ,ires-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%eF
E:ample %+ su'/ systems may be pipelines t/at are *esi(ne* t% e:perien'e (l%bal bu'&lin( %r p%ssible +ree-span
*e)el%pments %r p%tential pipeline ,al&in(-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*8 Instrumentati%n %+ t/e pipeline system may be re2uire* ,/en )isual inspe'ti%n %r simple measurements
are n%t '%nsi*ere* pra'ti'al %r reliable. an* a)ailable *esi(n met/%*s an* pre)i%us e:perien'e are n%t su++i'ient
+%r a reliable pre*i'ti%n %+ t/e per+%rman'e %+ t/e system-
8*4 Operatin( re2uirements a++e'tin( sa+ety an* reliability %+ t/e pipeline system s/all be i*enti+ie* *urin(
t/e *esi(n p/ase. an* s/all be *%'umente* in t/e DFI ResumK an* re+le'te* in t/e PI6 system-
C. Design F!r$a%
C )** General
)*) T/e *esi(n +%rmat in t/is stan*ar* is base* %n a B%a* an* Resistan'e Fa't%r Desi(n CBRFD4 +%rmat-
)*4 T/e +un*amental prin'iple %+ t/e BRFD +%rmat is t% )eri+y t/at *esi(n l%a* e++e'ts. #
S*
. *% n%t e:'ee*
*esi(n resistan'es. R
R*
. +%r any %+ t/e '%nsi*ere* +ailure m%*es in any l%a* s'enari%0
@/ere t/e +ra'ti%ns i *en%tes t/e *i++erent l%a*in( types t/at enters t/e limit state-
)*8 A *esi(n l%a* e++e't is %btaine* by '%mbinin( t/e '/ara'teristi' l%a* e++e'ts +r%m t/e *i++erent l%a*
'ate(%ries an* 'ertain l%a* e++e't +a't%rs. see Se'-; 3-
)*4 A *esi(n resistan'e is %btaine* by *i)i*in( t/e '/ara'teristi' resistan'e by resistan'e +a't%rs t/at *epen*s
%n t/e sa+ety 'lass. re+le'tin( t/e '%nse2uen'es %+ +ailures. see "00-
C 4** Design resis%ance
4*) T/e *esi(n resistan'e. R
R*
. 'an (enerally be e:presse* in t/e +%ll%,in( +%rmat0
,/ere
R
'
is t/e '/ara'teristi' resistan'e
+
'
is t/e '/ara'teristi' material stren(t/. see E2- =-; an* E2-=-=
t
'
is t/e '/ara'teristi' t/i'&ness. see Table =-> an* Table =-<
+
0
is t/e %ut %+ r%un*ness %+ t/e pipe. pri%r t% l%a*in(
m
.
S
are t/e partial resistan'e +a't%rs. see Table =-" an* Table =-#
4*4 O)ality %+ t/e pipeline is *e+ine* in E2- =-1;- T/is ,ill a++e't t/e stru'tural 'apa'ity %+ t/e pipeline an*
s/all be ta&en as t/e ma:imum %)ality pri%r t% l%a*in(- A*)anta(e %+ an %)ality less t/an 0-=L is n%t all%,e*-
O)ality in e:'ess %+ #L s/all be assesse* in line ,it/ DH00-
4*8 T/e material resistan'e +a't%r.
m
. is *epen*ent %n t/e limit state 'ate(%ry an* is *e+ine* in Table =-"-
4*4 !ase* %n p%tential +ailure '%nse2uen'es t/e pipeline s/all be 'lassi+ie* int% a sa+ety 'lass see Se'-" ;00-
T/is ,ill be re+le'te* in t/e sa+ety le)el by t/e Sa+ety lass resistan'e +a't%r
S
(i)en in Table =-#- A
'%rresp%n*in( sa+ety 'lass *epen*ent strain resistan'e +a't%r is *e+ine* +%r t/e *ispla'ement '%ntr%lle* limit
state. see D>0F. >0H an* Table =-10-
C=-"4
C=-#4
Ta6le #-4 Ma%erial resis%ance +ac%!r=
$
#imit state category
<0
S#S/3#S/)#S &#S

m
1-1= 1-00
14 T/e limit states CSBS. 8BS. ABS an* FBS4 are *e+ine* in D-
1
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
i
Rd
Sd
R
#
f
( )
S% m
c c c
Rd
f t f R
R

=
0
.
.
T/e sa+ety 'lass may )ary +%r *i++erent p/ases an* *i++erent l%'ati%ns-
4*# P%ssible bene+i'ial stren(t/enin( e++e't %+ ,ei(/t '%atin( %n a steel pipe s/all n%t be ta&en int% a''%unt
in t/e '/ara'teristi' resistan'e. unless t/e stren(t/enin( e++e't is *%'umente*- %atin( ,/i'/ a**s si(ni+i'ant
ben*in( sti++ness t% t/e pipe may in'rease t/e stressesIstrains in t/e pipe at any *is'%ntinuity in t/e '%atin( Ce-(-
at +iel* G%ints4- @/en appr%priate. t/is e++e't s/all be ta&en int% a''%unt-
4*5 P%ssible bene+i'ial stren(t/enin( e++e't %+ 'la**in( %r liner %n a steel pipe s/all n%t be ta&en int% a''%unt
in t/e '/ara'teristi' resistan'e. unless t/e stren(t/enin( e++e't is *%'umente*-
C 8** Charac%eris%ic $a%erial (r!(er%ies
8*) /ara'teristi' material pr%perties s/all be use* in t/e resistan'e 'al'ulati%ns- T/e yiel* stress an* tensile
stren(t/ in t/e limit state +%rmulati%ns s/all be base* %n t/e en(ineerin( stress-strain 'ur)e-
8*4 T/e '/ara'teristi' material stren(t/ f
y
an* f
u
. )alues t% be use* in t/e limit state 'riteria are0
@/ere0
f
y+temp
an* f
u+temp
are t/e *e-ratin( )alues *ue t% t/e temperature %+ t/e yiel* stress an* t/e tensile stren(t/
respe'ti)ely. see #0;-
3
is t/e material stren(t/ +a't%r. see Table =-;-
8*8 T/e *i++erent me'/ani'al pr%perties re+er t% r%%m temperature unless %t/er,ise state*-
8*4 T/e material pr%perties s/all be sele'te* ,it/ *ue re(ar* t% material type an* p%tential temperature an*I
%r a(ein( e++e'ts an* s/all in'lu*e0
1 yiel* stress
1 tensile stren(t/
1 R%un(As m%*ulus
1 temperature e:pansi%n '%e++i'ient-
F%r -6n steel an* 1#r t/is s/all be '%nsi*ere* +%r temperatures ab%)e =0]. an* +%r ""r an* "=r +%r
temperatures ab%)e "0]-
G'i"ance n!%e )F
Fiel* G%int '%atin( appli'ati%n *urin( installati%n may als% imp%se temperatures in e:'ess %+ t/e ab%)e an* s/all be
'%nsi*ere*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
I+ n% %t/er in+%rmati%n %+ *e-ratin( e++e'ts %n t/e yiel* stress e:ist t/e re'%mmen*ati%ns +%r -6n steel. ""r an*
"=r Fi(ure " bel%, may be use*- F%r 1#r testin( is n%rmally re2uire*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
Ta6le #-8 Sa+e%7 class resis%ance +ac%!rs=
SC

S
Safety class #ow $edium 1igh
Pressure '%ntainment
14
1-0;>
"4.#4
1-1#F 1-#0F
;4
Ot/er 1-0; 1-1; 1-">
14 T/e number %+ si(ni+i'ant *i(its is (i)en in %r*er t% '%mply ,it/ t/e ISO usa(e +a't%rs-
"4 Sa+ety 'lass l%, ,ill be (%)erne* by t/e system pressure test ,/i'/ is re2uire* t% be #L ab%)e
t/e in'i*ental pressure- Hen'e. +%r %perati%n in sa+ety 'lass l%,. t/e resistan'e +a't%r ,ill
e++e'ti)ely be minimum #L /i(/er-
#4 F%r system pressure test.
8
s/all be e2ual t% 1-00. ,/i'/ (i)es an all%,able /%%p stress %+ H>L
%+ S6RS b%t/ +%r materials +ul+illin( supplementary re2uirement 8 an* t/%se n%t-
;4 F%r parts %+ pipelines in l%'ati%n 'lass 1. resistan'e sa+ety 'lass me*ium may be applie* C1-1#F4-
C=-;4
C=-=4
( )
3 temp y y
f S$9S f =
.
( )
3 temp u u
f S$TS f =
.
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 4%
Fig're 4
9r!(!se" "e-ra%ing -al'es +!r 7iel" s%ress !+ C-Mn= )8Cr= 44Cr an" 4#Cr
G'i"ance n!%eF
I+ n% %t/er in+%rmati%n %n *e-ratin( e++e't %+ t/e ultimate stress e:ists. t/e *e-ratin( %+ t/e yiel* stress 'an be
'%nser)ati)ely applie*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*# Any *i++eren'e in t/e *e-ratin( e++e't %+ temperature +%r tensi%n an* '%mpressi%n s/all be a''%unte* +%r-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Di++eren'e in *e-ratin( e++e't +%r tensi%n an* '%mpressi%n /as been e:perien'e* %n 1#r steel material-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*5 T/e material stren(t/ +a't%r.
8
. *epen* %n Supplementary re2uirement 8 as s/%,n in Table =-;-
N%te0 F%r system pressure test.
8
s/all be e2ual t% 1-00. ,/i'/ (i)es an all%,able /%%p stress %+ H>L %+ S6RS b%t/ +%r materials
+ul+illin( supplementary re2uirement 8 an* t/%se n%t- T/is is e2ui)alent t% t/e mill test utilisati%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e appli'ati%n %+ supplementary re2uirement 8 re2uires *%'umentati%n a+ter t/e manu+a'ture an* s/all be use* ,it/
'are- !ase* %n pr%*u'ti%n *ata. it may be use* +%r +uture up(ra*e %+ t/e pipeline
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*& F%r manu+a'turin( pr%'esses ,/i'/ intr%*u'e '%l* *e+%rmati%ns (i)in( *i++erent stren(t/ in tensi%n an*
'%mpressi%n. a +abri'ati%n +a't%r.
+ab
. s/all be *etermine*- I+ n% %t/er in+%rmati%n e:ists. ma:imum
+abri'ati%n +a't%rs +%r pipes manu+a'ture* by spe'i+i' pr%'esses are (i)en in Table =-=-
T/e +abri'ati%n +a't%r may be in'rease* t/r%u(/ /eat treatment %r e:ternal '%l* siJin( C'%mpressi%n4. i+
*%'umente*-
8*2 F%r material sus'eptible t% HIS. see DH00 an* Se'-> !#00-
Ta6le #-4 Ma%erial S%reng%h +ac%!r=
U
&actor 4ormally Supplementary re*uirement 3
8
0-H> 1-00
Ta6le #-# Ma,i$'$ +a6rica%i!n +ac%!r=
+a6
Pipe Seamless 35 ? TR- ? !R6 35!

+ab
1-00 0-H# 0-F=
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 50 100 150 200
S
t
r
e
s
s

D
e
-
R
a
t
i
n
g

(
M
P
a
)
Temperature ( )
22Cr - 25Cr C-Mn - 13Cr
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 4$
C 4** Charac%eris%ic 1all %hic0ness
4*) T,% *i++erent '/ara'terisati%ns %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness are use*O t
1
an* t
"
an* are re+erre* t% e:pli'itly in
t/e *esi(n 'riteria- T/i'&ness t
1
is use* ,/ere +ailure is li&ely t% %''ur in '%nne'ti%n ,it/ a l%, 'apa'ity Ci-e-
system e++e'ts are present4 ,/ile t/i'&ness t
"
is use* ,/ere +ailure is li&ely t% %''ur in '%nne'ti%n ,it/ an
e:treme l%a* e++e't at a l%'ati%n ,it/ a)era(e t/i'&ness- T/ese are *e+ine* in Table =->-
4*4 I+ rele)ant. er%si%n all%,an'e s/all be '%mpensate* +%r in t/e similar ,ay as t/e '%rr%si%n all%,an'e-
6inimum ,all t/i'&ness in*epen*ent %n limit state re2uirements are (i)en in Table =-<-
T/e minimum ,all t/i'&ness re2uirement is base* %n +ailure statisti's. ,/i'/ 'learly in*i'ate t/at impa't l%a*s an* '%rr%si%n are t/e
m%st li&ely 'auses %+ +ailure an* /a)e t/e *e'isi)e e++e't %n t/i'&ness *esi(n Cn%t DIt
"
4-
4*8 @all t/i'&ness +%r %n b%tt%m stability 'al'ulati%ns is (i)en in E=0"-
C #** S%ress an" s%rain calc'la%i!ns
#*) B%'al stress an* strain '%n'entrati%ns may be 'ause* by0
1 @el* (e%metry Ce-(- /i(/Il%,4
1 @el* material pr%perties
1 @el*e* atta'/ments Ce-(- an%*e pa*s4
#*4 T/e strain '%n'entrati%n s/all a''%unt +%r t/e n%n-linear stress-strain relati%ns/ip +%r t/e rele)ant l%a*
le)el '%nsi*erin(0
1 re*u'ti%n %+ yiel* stress in +iel* G%ints *ue t% /i(/ temperature imp%se* by +iel* G%int '%atin( appli'ati%n
*urin( installati%n
1 un*ermat'/I%)ermat'/ %+ a'tual ,el* metal yiel* stress. relati)e t% a'tual pipe material yiel* stress-
#*8 B%'al stress an* strain '%n'entrati%n +a't%rs CSFISNF4 s/all be in'lu*e* in +ati(ue an* +ra'ture
assessments in line ,it/ t/e limit state-
G'i"ance n!%eF
B%'al stress '%n'entrati%ns Ct/at may be 'ause* by ,el*e* atta'/ments. t/e ,el* itsel+. %r )ery l%'al *is'%ntinuities4
,ill a++e't t/e pipe %nly l%'ally an* are typi'ally a''%unte* +%r in +ati(ue an* +ra'ture e)aluati%ns- 3l%bal stress
'%n'entrati%ns Csu'/ as stress ampli+i'ati%ns in +iel* G%ints *ue t% '%n'rete '%atin(. ,/i'/ typi'ally e:ten* %ne
*iameter4 ,ill a++e't t/e pipe (l%bally. an* s/all be a''%unte* +%r in t/e l%'al bu'&lin( e)aluati%ns as ,ell as +ati(ue
an* +ra'ture e)aluati%ns-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
Di++erent appr%a'/es +%r 'al'ulati%n %+ t/e SNF +%r +ra'ture assessment are spe'i+ie* in Appen*i: A-
#*4 3l%bal stress an* strain '%n'entrati%ns may be 'ause* by0
1 )ariati%ns in a'tual material yiel* stress an* strain /ar*enability bet,een pipe G%ints an* in t/e ,el* metal
*ue t% s'atter in material pr%perties
1 )ariati%ns in 'r%ss se'ti%nal area Ca'tual *iameter %r ,all t/i'&ness4 bet,een pipe G%ints
1 sti++enin( e++e'ts %+ '%atin( an* )ariati%ns in '%atin( t/i'&ness
#*# Plasti' strain s/all be 'al'ulate* +r%m t/e p%int ,/ere t/e material stress-strain 'ur)e *e)iates +r%m a
linear relati%ns/ip. see Fi(ure #-
Ta6le #-5 Charac%eris%ic 1all %hic0ness
Pri%r t% %perati%n
14
Operati%n
"4
t
1
t-t
+ab
t-t
+ab
-t
'%rr
t
"
t t-t
'%rr
14 Is inten*e* ,/en t/ere is ne(li(ible '%rr%si%n Cmill pressure test.
'%nstru'ti%n Cinstallati%n4 an* system pressure test '%n*iti%n4- I+ '%rr%si%n
e:ist. t/is s/all be subtra'te* similar t% as +%r %perati%n-
"4 Is inten*e* ,/en t/ere is '%rr%si%n-
Ta6le #-& Mini$'$ 1all %hic0ness re<'ire$en%s
Safety %lass #ocation class 4ominal thic.ness
Hi(/ "
6inimum 1" mm unless e2ui)alent pr%te'ti%n a(ainst a''i*ental l%a*s. %t/er e:ternal
l%a*s an* e:'essi)e '%rr%si%n is pr%)i*e* by %t/er means- F%r *iameters less t/an "1H
mm CFT4 minimum ,all t/i'&ness 'an be less but s/all be *etermine* in'lu*in( t/e
ab%)e '%nsi*erati%ns-
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 4&
Fig're 8
Re+erence +!r (las%ic s%rain calc'la%i!n
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e yiel* stress is *e+ine* as t/e stress at ,/i'/ t/e t%tal strain is 0-=L- As an e:ample +%r a ;1= (ra*e -6n steel. a
uni*ire'ti%nal strain %+ 0-=L '%rresp%n*s t% an elasti' strain %+ appr%:imately 0-"L an* a plasti' strain %+ 0-#L-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
D. i$i% S%a%es
D )** General
)*) All rele)ant limit states C+ailure m%*es4 s/all be '%nsi*ere* in *esi(n +%r all rele)ant p/ases an* s'enari%s
liste* in Se'-;-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Bimit state *esi(n implies t/at t/e pipeline is '/e'&e* +%r all rele)ant +ailure m%*es- T/e +ailure m%*es )ary in
'riti'ality an* are split int% t/e +%ll%,in( limit state 'ate(%ries0
- Ser)i'eability Bimit State ate(%ry
- 8ltimate Bimit State ate(%ry
- Fati(ue Bimit States
- A''i*ental Bimit State
Fati(ue an* a''i*ental limit states are sub-'ate(%ries %+ 8ltimate Bimit States a''%untin( +%r a''umulate* 'y'li' l%a*
e++e'ts an* a''i*ental Cin-+re2uent4 l%a*s respe'ti)ely-
Pipeline limit state '/e'&s are typi'ally split int% *i++erent s'enari%s- A s'enari% is n%t i*enti'al ,it/ a limit state. an*
may in'lu*e *i++erent limit states- A typi'al lin& bet,een s'enari%s an* limit states is (i)en in Table =-F-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
Ta6le #-2 T7(ical lin0 6e%1een scenari!s an" li$i% s%a%es
8ltimate Bimit States Ser)i'eability Bimit States
S'enari%
!
u
r
s
t
i
n
(
F
a
t
i
(
u
e
F
r
a
'
t
u
r
e
%
l
l
a
p
s
e
P
r
%
p
a
(
a
t
i
n
(

b
u
'
&
l
i
n
(
%
m
b
i
n
e
*

l
%
a
*
i
n
(
D
e
n
t
O
)
a
l
i
s
a
t
i
%
n
R
a
t
'
/
e
t
i
n
(
D
i
s
p
l
a
'
e
m
e
n
t
@all t/i'&ness *esi(n P P P
Installati%n P P P P P P P
Riser P P P P P P P P
Free-span CP4 P P P
Tra,lin(I#r* party CP4 P P P
On b%tt%m stability CP4 CP4 CP4 CP4 CP4 CP4 P
1
Pipeline @al&in( P P
3l%bal !u'&lin( CP4 P P P P
14 Typi'ally applie* as a simpli+ie* ,ay t% a)%i* '/e'&in( ea'/ rele)ant limit state

Stress
Strain
T%tal Strain
RS
0-=L
Plasti' Strain
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 4'
)*4 In 'ase n% spe'i+i' *esi(n 'riteri%n is (i)en +%r a spe'i+i' limit state t/is s/all be *e)el%pe* in '%mplian'e
,it/ t/e sa+ety p/il%s%p/y in Se'-"-
D 4** 9ress're c!n%ain$en% .6'rs%ing/
4*) T/e pressure '%ntainment s/all +ul+il t/e +%ll%,in( 'riteria0
G'i"ance n!%eF
E2uati%n =-> s/%,s t/at t/e in'i*ental pressure ,ill be limite* byO t/e pressure '%ntainment 'riteri%n Cterm 14. t/e
system pressure test Cterm "4 %r t/e 6ill pressure test Cterm #4- I+ b%t/ t/e system pressure test an* t/e mill pressure
test /a)e been per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% t/e stan*ar*. t/e pressure '%ntainment 'riteria ,ill be (%)ernin( C,/i'/ is t/e
n%rmal 'ase4- T/e +%rmulati%n '%ul* als% be use* t% *e'rease t/e test pressures in 'ase t/e pressure '%ntainment
'riteri%n is n%t +ully utilise*. e-(- installati%n by reelin( %r +%r ultra *eep ,ater-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8nless t/e mill test /as been ,ai)e* %r limite* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-< E100 %r t/e system test /as been
,ai)e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !"0;-
mpt
an*
spt
are (i)en in Table =-H-
4*4 T/e pressure '%ntainment resistan'e p
b
Ct4 is (i)en by0
,/ere
G'i"ance n!%eF
In t/e ab%)e +%rmulae. t s/all be repla'e* by t
1
,/en use* in E2 =-< an* t
"
,/en use* in E2- =-1H-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*8 Re*u'ti%n in pressure '%ntainment resistan'e *ue t% true '%mpressi)e +%r'es Cl%a* '%ntr%lle*4. N. s/all
be '%nsi*ere*- Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r re*u'ti%n in pressure '%ntainment 'apa'ity *ue t% '%mpressi)e a:ial
stresses is (i)en in DNV-RP-F101-
D 8** !cal 6'c0ling - general
8*) B%'al bu'&lin( Cpipe ,all bu'&lin(4 implies (r%ss *e+%rmati%n %+ t/e 'r%ss se'ti%n- T/e +%ll%,in(
'riteria s/all be +ul+ille*0
1 system '%llapse Ce:ternal %)er pressure %nly4
1 pr%pa(ati%n bu'&lin( Ce:ternal %)er pressure %nly4
1 '%mbine* l%a*in( 'riteria. i-e- intera'ti%n bet,een e:ternal %r internal pressure. a:ial +%r'e an* ben*in( m%ment-
T/ese ,ill be (i)en in t/e +%ll%,in( sub-se'ti%ns-
8*4 Bar(e a''umulate* plasti' strain may a((ra)ate l%'al bu'&lin( an* s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
C=->4
C=-<4
Ta6le #-: 9ress're Tes% Fac%!rs
Safety class during operation #ow $edium 1igh
mpt
1
1-000 1-0FF 1-"=1
spt
1-0# 1-0= 1-0=
14 T/is +a't%r is (i)en by0
C=-F4
C=-H4

( )
|
|
\
|

mpt
3 h
e
spt
lt
S% m
b
e li
p
p
p t p
$in p p

O O
1
( )
|
|
\
|

h
S% m
b
e lt
p
t p
$in p p O
1

# "
H> - 0
S% m

( )
#
" "

=
cb b
f
t
t
t p
(
=
1= - 1
O
u
y cb
f
f $in f
D 4** !cal 3'c0ling e,%ernal !-er (ress're !nl7 .s7s%e$ c!lla(se/
4*) T/e e:ternal pressure at any p%int al%n( t/e pipeline s/all +ul+il t/e +%ll%,in( 'riteri%n Csystem '%llapse
'/e'&40
,/ere
p
min
is t/e minimum internal pressure t/at 'an be sustaine*- T/is is n%rmally ta&en as Jer% +%r as-lai* pipeline-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e system '%llapse ,ill %''ur at t/e ,ea&est p%int in t/e pipeline- T/is ,ill n%rmally be represente* by +
y
an* t/e
minimum ,all t/i'&ness. t
1
-
A seamless pr%*u'e* linepipeNs ,ea&est se'ti%n may n%t be ,ell represente* by t/e minimum ,all t/i'&ness sin'e it
is n%t li&ely t% be present ar%un* t/e ,/%le 'ir'um+eren'e- A lar(er t/i'&ness. bet,een t
1
an* t
"
. may be use* +%r su'/
pipes i+ t/is 'an be *%'umente* representin( t/e l%,est '%llapse 'apa'ity %+ t/e pipeline-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e '/ara'teristi' resistan'e +%r e:ternal pressure Cp
'
4 C'%llapse4 s/all be 'al'ulate* as0
,/ere0
+ab
is t/e +abri'ati%n +a't%r. see Table =-=-
G'i"ance n!%e )F
In t/e ab%)e +%rmulas. t s/all be repla'e* by t
1
%r t
"
as (i)en in t/e *esi(n 'riteria-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
O)alisati%n 'ause* *urin( t/e '%nstru'ti%n p/ase s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e t%tal %)ality t% be use* in *esi(n- O)alisati%n
*ue t% e:ternal ,ater pressure %r ben*in( m%ment s/all n%t be in'lu*e*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
D #** 9r!(aga%i!n 6'c0ling
#*) Pr%pa(ati%n bu'&lin( 'ann%t be initiate* unless l%'al bu'&lin( /as %''urre*- In 'ase t/e e:ternal pressure
e:'ee*s t/e 'riteri%n (i)en bel%,. bu'&le arrest%rs s/%ul* be installe* an* spa'in( *etermine* base* %n '%st
an* spare pipe p/il%s%p/y- T/e pr%pa(atin( bu'&le 'riteri%n rea*s0
,/ere
+ab
is t/e +abri'ati%n +a't%r. see Table =-=
C=-104
C=-114
C=-1"4
C=-1#4
C=-1;4
C=-1=4
C=-1>4
1= M DIt
"
M ;=
( )
S% m
c
e
t p
p p

1
min
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
t
f t p t p t p t p t p t p t p
p el c p c el c
=
0
" "
( )
"
#
1
"

|
\
|

=
t
!
t p
el
( )
t
f t p
fab y p
=
"
+
%
ma:
min
E
--------------------------------
n%t t% be ta&en M 0-00= C0-=L4
?
p
c
p
min

p
pr
y
m
y
SC

= - "
"
#= |
\
|
=
t
f p
fab y pr

G'i"ance n!%e )F
%llapse pressure. p
'
. is t/e pressure re2uire* t% bu'&le a pipeline-
Initiati%n pressure. p
init
. is t/e pressure re2uire* t% start a pr%pa(atin( bu'&le +r%m a (i)en bu'&le- T/is pressure ,ill
*epen* %n t/e siJe %+ t/e initial bu'&le-
Pr%pa(atin( pressure. p
pr
. is t/e pressure re2uire* t% '%ntinue a pr%pa(atin( bu'&le- A pr%pa(atin( bu'&le ,ill st%p
,/en t/e pressure is less t/an t/e pr%pa(atin( pressure-
T/e relati%ns/ip bet,een t/e *i++erent pressures are0 p
'
@ p
init
@ p
pr
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
T/e sa+ety 'lass an* am%unt %+ metal l%ss *ue t% '%rr%si%n s/all be *etermine* base* %n t/e pr%bability an* p%ssibility
%+ e:perien'in( a /i(/ e:ternal %)er pressure *urin( %perati%n- F%r li2ui* pipelines. sa+ety 'lass l%, an* n%n-'%rr%*e*
'r%ss se'ti%n is n%rmally use* ,/ile %t/er pr%perties may be use* +%r (as pipelines sin'e t/ey may e:perien'e a nearly
Jer% internal pressure in t/e %perati%nal p/ase-
N%te t/at t/e p%ssibility %+ a pr%pa(atin( bu'&le s/all n%t be '%mbine* ,it/ t/e li&eli/%%* %+ (ettin( an initiatin(
e)ent in t/e s/ut-*%,n time span. sin'e a *ent 'ause* *urin( t/e pressurise* '%n*iti%n. may start pr%pa(atin( as t/e
internal pressure is l%st-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*4 A bu'&le arrest%r 'apa'ity *epen*s %n
1 pr%pa(atin( bu'&le resistan'e %+ a*Ga'ent pipe
1 pr%pa(atin( bu'&le resistan'e %+ an in+inite bu'&le arrest%r
1 len(t/ %+ arrest%r-
An inte(ral bu'&le arrest%r may be *esi(ne* by0
,/ere t/e 'r%ss%)er pressure p
"
is
p
pr.-)
is t/e pr%pa(atin( bu'&le 'apa'ity %+ an in+inite arrest%r- T/is is 'al'ulate* by E2- =-1> ,it/ t/e
bu'&le arrest%r pr%perties
B
!A
bu'&le arrest%r len(t/
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e pr%pa(atin( bu'&le 'riteri%n. E2- =-1=. '%rresp%n*s t% a n%minal +ailure pr%bability t/at is %ne %r*er %+ ma(nitu*e
/i(/er t/an t/e tar(et n%minal +ailure pr%bability- T/is is be'ause it is *epen*ent %n an initiatin( e)en- H%,e)er. +%r
a bu'&le arrest%r. it is re'%mmen*e* t% /a)e a lar(er '%n+i*en'e an* a sa+ety 'lass /i(/er t/an +%r t/e pr%pa(atin(
pressure is re'%mmen*e*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
D 5** !cal 6'c0ling - c!$6ine" l!a"ing cri%eria
5*) Di++erentiati%n is ma*e bet,een0
1 B%a* %ntr%lle* '%n*iti%n CB '%n*iti%n4
1 Displa'ement %ntr%lle* '%n*iti%n CD '%n*iti%n4-
Di++erent limit states apply t% t/ese t,% '%n*iti%ns-
5*4 A l%a*-'%ntr%lle* '%n*iti%n is %ne in ,/i'/ t/e stru'tural resp%nse is primarily (%)erne* by t/e imp%se*
l%a*s-
5*8 A *ispla'ement-'%ntr%lle* '%n*iti%n is %ne in ,/i'/ t/e stru'tural resp%nse is primarily (%)erne* by
imp%se* (e%metri' *ispla'ements-
G'i"ance n!%eF
A pipeline '/e'&e* +%r *ispla'ement '%ntr%lle* 'riteria ,ill typi'ally /a)e tensile strains in e:'ess %+ 0-;L- Fra'ture
assessment is re2uire* i+ tensile strains e:'ee* 0-;L. see H00-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
5*4 A l%a* '%ntr%lle* *esi(n 'riteri%n 'an al,ays be applie* in pla'e %+ a *ispla'ement '%ntr%lle* *esi(n
'riteri%n-
C=-1<4
C=-1F4
S% m
A
e
p
p

1 - 1
( )
(
\
|
+ =
"
"
.
"0 1
# t
!AP p p p p
-)
pr -) pr pr A
G'i"ance n!%e )F
An e:ample %+ a purely *ispla'ement-'%ntr%lle* '%n*iti%n is a pipeline bent int% '%n+%rmity ,it/ a '%ntinu%us 'ur)e*
stru'ture. su'/ as a 7-tube- In t/at 'ase. t/e 'ur)ature %+ t/e pipe a:is is imp%se* but t/e 'ir'um+erential ben*in( t/at
lea*s t% %)alisati%n is *etermine* by t/e intera'ti%n bet,een t/e 'ur)ature %+ t/e a:is an* t/e internal +%r'es in*u'e*
by t/e 'ur)ature-
A less 'lear-'ut e:ample is a pipeline in '%nta't ,it/ t/e r%llers %+ a lay bar(e stin(er- On a lar(e s'ale. t/e
'%n+i(urati%n %+ t/e pipeline /as t% '%n+%rm t% t/e r%llers. an* in t/at sense is *ispla'ement '%ntr%lle*- On a l%'al
s'ale /%,e)er. ben*in( %+ t/e pipe bet,een t/e r%llers is *etermine* by t/e intera'ti%n bet,een ,ei(/t an* tensi%n
an* is l%a*-'%ntr%lle*- %nta't ,it/ t/e r%llers ,ill +urt/er re*u'e t/e 'apa'ity- T/e stin(er tip ,ill. /%,e)er. al,ays
be l%a* '%ntr%lle*-
An%t/er interme*iate 'ase is an e:pansi%n sp%%l in '%nta't ,it/ t/e seabe*- Pipeline e:pansi%n in*u'e* by
temperature an* pressure imp%ses a *ispla'ement at t/e en* %+ t/e sp%%l- T/e stru'tural resp%nse %+ t/e sp%%l itsel+
/as little e++e't %n t/e imp%se* e:pansi%n *ispla'ement. an* t/e resp%nse is primarily *ispla'ement-'%ntr%lle*-
H%,e)er. t/e lateral resistan'e t% m%)ement %+ t/e sp%%l a'r%ss t/e seabe* als% plays a si(ni+i'ant part an* in*u'es
a *e(ree %+ l%a* '%ntr%l-
System e++e't /as als% a sli(/tly *i++erent e++e't in l%'al bu'&lin( E '%mbine* l%a*in( t/an +%r burstin( an* '%llapse-
A uni+%rm m%mentI'ur)ature 'ann%t be applie* t% t/e ,/%le pipeline at %n'e but ,ill typi'ally %''ur as a pea&
m%ment Sm%)in(T al%n( t/e pipeline- T/is applies t% sa( ben*. stin(er an* reelin(- B%'al bu'&lin( E '%mbine*
l%a*in( ,ill t/en be (%)erne* by t/e ma:imum m%ment 'apa'ity )ariati%n al%n( t/e pipe- T/is ,ill %''ur a small
*istan'e Ctypi'ally in t/e %r*er %+ a *iameter4 int% t/e ,ea& part. ,/en t/e pea& m%ment m%)es +r%m str%n( t% ,ea&
se'ti%n- F%r su'/ appli'ati%ns. m%re *etaile* assessment 'an be base* %n a ,ea& lin& e)aluati%n. ,/ere t/is ,ea& lin&
is t/e e:treme )ariati%n +r%m %ne G%int t% an%t/er-
T/e ans,er t% t/e 2uesti%n %n i+ a '%n*iti%n is l%a* '%ntr%lle* %r *ispla'ement '%ntr%lle* is imp%ssible sin'e t/e
2uesti%ns in ,r%n(. t/e 2uesti%n s/%ul* beO /%, 'an %ne ta&e partial bene+it %+ t/at a '%n*iti%n is partially
*ispla'ement '%ntr%lle* element^ On a (eneral basis t/is nee*s sensiti)ity analyses- A l%a* '%ntr%lle* 'riteri%n 'an.
/%,e)er. al,ays be applie*
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
I+ t/e *esi(n is base* %n e:treme )ariati%n +r%m %ne G%int t% t/e %t/er. bene+it may be ta&en +r%m sele'ti%n %+
mat'/in(. as 'l%sely as p%ssible. ,all t/i'&nessI*iameter %+ t/e pipes an* t/e a'tual yiel* stress %n b%t/ si*es %+ t/e
,el*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#oad controlled condition
5*# Pipe members subGe'te* t% ben*in( m%ment. e++e'ti)e a:ial +%r'e an* internal %)erpressure s/all be
*esi(ne* t% satis+y t/e +%ll%,in( 'riteri%n at all 'r%ss se'ti%ns0
,/ere
6
S*
is t/e *esi(n m%ment. see E2- ;->
S
S*
is t/e *esi(n e++e'ti)e a:ial +%r'e. see E2- ;-F
p
i
is t/e internal pressure. see Table ;-#
p
e
is t/e e:ternal pressure. see Se'-; !"00
p
b
is t/e burst pressure. E2- =-F
S
p
an* 6
p
*en%te t/e plasti' 'apa'ities +%r a pipe *e+ine* by0
C=-1H4
Applies +%r
1= DIt
"
;=. P
i
_ P
e.
VS
S*
V/S
p
B=.>
C=-"04
C=-"14
C=-""4
C=-"#4
( )
( )
( ) ( )
1
"
"
"
"
" "
|
|
\
|

t p
p p
t S
p S
t $
$
b c
e i
p
p c
i Sd S% m
p c
Sd
S% m

( ) ( ) t t f t S
y p
=
( ) ( ) t t f t $
y p
=
"
( )
y
u
c
f
f
+ = 1
|
|
\
|

<
=
#
"
1 # 1
#
"
1
b
e i
b
e i
b
e i
p
p
p p
p
p p
p
p p

'
is a +l%, stress parameter an*
p
a''%unt +%r e++e't %+ DIt
"
rati%-
G'i"ance n!%eF
F%r appli'ati%ns %utsi*e t/e a:ial l%a* limitati%ns. re+eren'e is ma*e t% DNV-OS-F"01-
T/e le+t /an* si*e %+ t/e '%mbine* l%a*in( 'riteri%n is re+erre* t% as intera'ti%n rati% in %r*er n%t t% mi: it ,it/ Sunity
'/e'&T- In a unity '/e'&. t/e l%a*s are n%rmally *ire'tly pr%p%rti%nal t% t/e utilisati%n ,/ile t/e a:ial l%a* an* internal
pressure are s2uare* in t/is 'riteri%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
5*5 I+ t/e pipeline in a**iti%n t% t/e a:ial l%a*. pressure an* m%ment als% /as a lateral p%int l%a*. t/is s/%ul*
be in'lu*e* by a m%*i+i'ati%n %+ t/e plasti' m%ment 'apa'ity as +%ll%,s0
,/ere
pm
? Plasti' m%ment re*u'ti%n +a't%r a''%untin( +%r p%int l%a*
R ? Rea'ti%n +%r'e +r%m p%int l%a*
5*& Pipe members subGe'te* t% ben*in( m%ment. e++e'ti)e a:ial +%r'e an* e:ternal %)erpressure s/all be
*esi(ne* t% satis+y t/e +%ll%,in( 'riteri%n at all 'r%ss se'ti%ns0
,/ere
p
min
is t/e minimum internal pressure t/at 'an be sustaine*- T/is is n%rmally ta&en as Jer% +%r installati%n
e:'ept +%r 'ases ,/ere t/e pipeline is installe* ,ater +ille*-
p
'
is t/e '/ara'teristi' '%llapse pressure. E2- =-10- T/is s/all be base* %n t/i'&ness t
"-
G'i"ance n!%eF
F%r appli'ati%ns %utsi*e t/e a:ial l%a* limitati%ns. re+eren'e is ma*e t% DNV-OS-F"01
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
isplacement controlled condition
5*2 Pipe members subGe'te* t% l%n(itu*inal '%mpressi)e strain Cben*in( m%ment an* a:ial +%r'e4 an*
internal %)er pressure s/all be *esi(ne* t% satis+y t/e +%ll%,in( 'riteri%n at all 'r%ss se'ti%ns0
,/ere0
Sd
? Desi(n '%mpressi)e strain. E2- C;->4
C=-";4
C=-"=4
C=-">4
C=-"<4
C=-"F4
1= DIt
"
;=. P
i
M P
e+
VS
Sd
V/S
p
M 0-;
C=-"H4
DIt
"
;=. p
i
p
e
C=-#04

H0
>0
"
t
=
pm p p
$ $ =
l%a* p%int .
y
pm
R
R t
1#0
I
1
"
=
"
"
H - # t f R
y y
=
( ) ( ) ( )
1
"
"
min
"
"
" "
|
|
\
|
+

t p
p p
t S
S
t $
$
c
e
S% m
p c
Sd S% m
p c
Sd
S% m

( )

e c
Rd Sd
p p t
=
min "
.
( )
gw h
b
e
e c
t p
p p
t
p p t
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
= - 1
min
min
<= - = 1 01 - 0 <F - 0 4 . C
p
min
? 6inimum internal pressure t/at 'an be '%ntinu%usly sustaine* ,it/ t/e ass%'iate* strain
? Strain resistan'e +a't%r. Table =-10
/
? . Table <-= an* Table <-11
(,
? See Se'-1#-
5*: Pipe members subGe'te* t% l%n(itu*inal '%mpressi)e strain Cben*in( m%ment an* a:ial +%r'e4 an*
e:ternal %)er pressure s/all be *esi(ne* t% satis+y t/e +%ll%,in( 'riteri%n at all 'r%ss se'ti%ns0
G'i"ance n!%e )F
F%r DIt
"
M "#. t/e utilisati%n may be in'rease* pr%)i*e* t/at +ull s'ale testin(. %bser)ati%n. %r +%rmer e:perien'e
in*i'ate su++i'ient sa+ety mar(in in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/is stan*ar*- Any in'rease* utilisati%n s/all be supp%rte* by
analyti'al *esi(n met/%*s-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
System e++e'ts are n%rmally n%t present +%r l%'al bu'&lin( '%nsi*erati%ns an*. /en'e. t
"
s/%ul* be use*- H%,e)er. +%r
reelin(. a lar(e p%rti%n %+ t/e pipeline ,ill be e:p%se* t% similar 'ur)ature an* l%a* '%mbinati%n SaT s/all be use*
'%mbine* ,it/ t/e '%n*iti%n +a't%r %+ 0-F". yiel*in( unity. an* t/e n%minal t/i'&ness 'an be use* als% +%r t/is 'riteria-
T/e t/i'&ness an* yiel* stress )ariati%n al%n( t/e pipe. in parti'ular bet,een t,% pipe G%ints s/%ul* be e)aluate* in
a**iti%n t% t/is system e++e't-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
5)* A /i(/er pr%bability %+ +ailure '%rresp%n*in( t% a ser)i'eability limit state may be all%,e* *urin( t/e
installati%n p/ase pr%)i*e* t/at0
1 ai*s t% *ete't bu'&le are pr%)i*e*
1 repair %+ p%tential *ama(e is +easible an* may be per+%rme* *urin( layin(
1 bu'&le arrest%rs are installe* i+ t/e e:ternal pressure e:'ee*s t/e initiati%n pr%pa(atin( pressure-
Rele)ant resistan'e +a't%rs may t/en be 'alibrate* a''%r*in( t% t/e SBS re2uirements in Se'-"-
D &** Gl!6al 6'c0ling
&*) 3l%bal bu'&lin( implies bu'&lin( %+ t/e pipe as a bar in '%mpressi%n-
&*4 T/e e++e't %+ internal an* e:ternal pressures s/%ul* be ta&en int% a''%unt usin( t/e '%n'ept %+ an
e++e'ti)e a:ial +%r'e. see Se'-; 3;00- T/e pr%'e*ure is as +%r S%r*inaryT '%mpressi%n members in air-
&*8 Distin'ti%n s/all be ma*e bet,een l%a*-'%ntr%lle* an* *ispla'ement-'%ntr%lle* (l%bal bu'&lin(-
B%a* '%ntr%lle* (l%bal bu'&lin( '%n*iti%n is '/ara'terise* by t/at t/e applie* l%a* is in*epen*ent %n t/e
*e+le'ti%n %+ t/e pipeline
Displa'ement '%ntr%lle*. %r partially *ispla'ement '%ntr%lle* (l%bal bu'&lin( '%n*iti%n is '/ara'terise* by t/at
t/e maG%r part %+ t/e applie* l%a* is *epen*ent %n t/e *e+le'ti%n %+ t/e pipeline- E:pansi%n +%r'e *ue t% pressure
an* temperature are e:amples %+ su'/-
&*4 B%a*-'%ntr%lle* (l%bal bu'&lin( may be *esi(ne* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ DNV-OS-101 Desi(n %+
O++s/%re Steel Stru'tures. 3eneral CBRFD4-
&*# F%r *ispla'ement '%ntr%lle* (l%bal bu'&lin(. see E#00-
D 2** Fa%ig'e
2*) T/e submarine pipeline system s/all /a)e a*e2uate sa+ety a(ainst +ati(ue +ailures ,it/in t/e *esi(n li+e
%+ t/e system-
C=-#14
DIt
"
M ;=. p
min
M p
e
Ta6le #-)* Resis%ance s%rain +ac%!rs=
Safety class
B%, 6e*ium Hi(/
"-0 "-= #-#
ma:
= . 0
|
|
\
|
m
t
R
R
1
4 C 4 0 . C
"
min
F - 0
"
+
|
|
|
|
\
|
S% m
c
e
c
Sd
t p
p p
t


2*4 All stress +lu'tuati%ns imp%se* %n t/e pipeline system *urin( t/e entire *esi(n li+e. in'lu*in( t/e
'%nstru'ti%n p/ase. ,/i'/ /a)e ma(nitu*e an* '%rresp%n*in( number %+ 'y'les lar(e en%u(/ t% 'ause +ati(ue
e++e'ts s/all be ta&en int% a''%unt ,/en *eterminin( t/e l%n(-term *istributi%n %+ stress ran(es- T/e +ati(ue
'/e'& s/all in'lu*e b%t/ l%,-'y'le +ati(ue an* /i(/-'y'le +ati(ue- T/e re2uirements re(ar*in( a''umulate*
plasti' strain CDH004 s/all als% be satis+ie*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Typi'al 'auses %+ stress +lu'tuati%ns in a pipeline system are0
- *ire't ,a)e a'ti%n
- )ibrati%ns %+ t/e pipeline system. e-(- *ue t% )%rte: s/e**in( C'urrent. ,a)es. ,in*. t%,in(4 %r +lui* +l%,
- supp%rtin( stru'ture m%)ements. e-(- installati%n )essel
- +lu'tuati%ns in %peratin( pressure an* temperature-
B%'ati%ns t% be '/e'&e* are t/e (irt/ ,el*s. seam ,el*s an* '%nstru'ti%n *etails- Seam ,el*s ,ill be m%re )ulnerable
t% +ati(ue +%r /i(/er steel (ra*es-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
2*8 Spe'ial '%nsi*erati%n s/all be (i)en t% t/e +ati(ue assessment %+ '%nstru'ti%n *etails li&ely t% 'ause stress
'%n'entrati%ns. an* t% t/e p%ssibility %+ /a)in( l%,-'y'le /i(/ strain +ati(ue- T/e spe'i+i' *esi(n 'riteri%n t%
be use* *epen*s up%n t/e analysis met/%*. ,/i'/ may be 'ate(%rise* int%0
1 met/%*s base* up%n +ra'ture me'/ani's Csee F0;4
1 met/%*s base* up%n +ati(ue tests Csee F0=4-
2*4 @/ere appr%priate. a 'al'ulati%n pr%'e*ure base* up%n +ra'ture me'/ani's may be use*- T/e spe'i+i'
'riteri%n t% be use* s/all be *etermine* %n a 'ase-by-'ase basis. an* s/all re+le't t/e tar(et sa+ety le)els in Se'-"
=00- F%r +urt/er (ui*an'e %n +ra'ture me'/ani's base* +ati(ue analyses see Appen*i: A-
2*# @/en usin( 'al'ulati%n met/%*s base* up%n +ati(ue tests. t/e +%ll%,in( s/all be '%nsi*ere*0
1 *eterminati%n %+ l%n(-term *istributi%n %+ stress ran(e. see F0<
1 sele'ti%n %+ appr%priate S-N 'ur)e C'/ara'teristi' resistan'e4. see F0F
1 *eterminati%n %+ stress '%n'entrati%n +a't%r CSF4 n%t in'lu*e* in t/e S-N 'ur)e
1 *eterminati%n %+ a''umulate* *ama(e. see F0H-
2*5 As m%st %+ t/e l%a*s ,/i'/ '%ntribute t% +ati(ue are %+ a ran*%m nature. statisti'al '%nsi*erati%n is
n%rmally re2uire* in *eterminin( t/e l%n(-term *istributi%n %+ +ati(ue l%a*in( e++e'ts- @/ere appr%priate.
*eterministi' %r spe'tral analysis may be use*-
2*& T/e '/ara'teristi' resistan'e is n%rmally (i)en as S-N 'ur)es %r -N 'ur)es. i-e- stress amplitu*es C%r
strain amplitu*es +%r t/e 'ase %+ l%,-'y'le +ati(ue4. )ersus number %+ 'y'les t% +ailure. N- T/e S-N 'ur)e s/all
be appli'able +%r t/e material. '%nstru'ti%n *etail. NDT a''eptan'e 'riteria an* state %+ stress '%nsi*ere*. as
,ell as t% t/e surr%un*in( en)ir%nment- T/e S-N 'ur)e s/all be base* %n t/e mean 'ur)e %+ l%( CN4 ,it/ t/e
subtra'ti%n %+ t,% stan*ar* *e)iati%ns in l%( CN4- I+ a +ra'ture me'/ani's assessment CEA4 is per+%rme*
a''%r*in( t% re2uirements in D1100. t/e S-N 'ur)e s/all be )ali*ate* +%r t/e all%,able *e+e't siJes *etermine*
by t/e EA %r a +ra'ture me'/ani's base* +ati(ue assessment s/all be per+%rme* as *es'ribe* in Appen*i: A-
2*2 In t/e (eneral 'ase ,/ere stress +lu'tuati%ns %''ur ,it/ )aryin( amplitu*e %+ ran*%m %r*er. t/e linear
*ama(e /yp%t/esis C6inerAs rule4 may be use*- T/e appli'ati%n %+ 6inerAs rule implies t/at t/e l%n(-term
*istributi%n %+ stress ran(e is repla'e* by a stress /ist%(ram. '%nsistin( %+ a number %+ '%nstant amplitu*e stress
%r strain ran(e bl%'&s. C
r
4
i
%r C
r
4
i
. an* t/e '%rresp%n*in( number %+ repetiti%ns. n
i
- T/us. t/e +ati(ue 'riteri%n
is (i)en by0
@/ere0
D
+at
? 6inerAs sum
& ? number %+ stress bl%'&s
n
i
? number %+ stress 'y'les in stress bl%'& i
N
i
? number %+ 'y'les t% +ailure at '%nstant stress ran(e %+ ma(nitu*e C
r
4
i
%r strain ran(e C
r
4
i
-
DFF ? Desi(n Fati(ue Fa't%r. see Table =-11
C=-#"4
C=-##4
0 - 1 &&
fat
=
=
.
i i
i
fat
4
n
1
2*: All%,able Desi(n Fati(ue Fa't%rs are (i)en in Table =-11-
2)* Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r +ati(ue 'al'ulati%nsIanalysis 'ause* by )%rte: in*u'e* )ibrati%ns %r *ire't
,a)e l%a*in( is (i)en in DNV-RP-F10= an* DNV-RP-F"0;-
G'i"ance n!%eF
N%te t/at DNV-RP-F10= assumes all +ati(ue *ama(e may be 'ause* by )%rte: in*u'e* )ibrati%ns- T/e all%,able
+ati(ue *ama(e rati% s/all be re*u'e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ F11-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
2)) T/e split bet,een t/e *i++erent p/ases %+ t/e *esi(n +ati(ue li+e as *es'ribe* in Table =-11 s/all be a(ree*
in t/e initiati%n p/ase %+ t/e pr%Ge't an* be base* %n t/e /i(/est sa+ety 'lass *urin( t/e li+etime-
G'i"ance n!%eF
F%r a pipeline ,/ere e-(- =0L %+ t/e *esi(n li+etime 'an be utiliJe* *urin( t/e installati%n an* ,/i'/ is 'lassi+ie* as
sa+ety 'lass me*ium C/i(/4 *urin( t/e %perati%nal p/ase t/is ,ill '%rresp%n* t% a *ama(e rati% %+ 10L C=L4 %+ t/e
%perati%nal li+etime-
A '%mm%n split bet,een installati%n. as lai* an* %perati%n is 10L. 10L an* F0L but *epen* %n t/e nee* +%r +ati(ue
'apa'ity in t/e *i++erent p/ases- F%r a pipeline restin( %n t/e seabe* ,it/ limite* nee* +%r +ati(ue resistan'e in t/e
%perati%n p/ase Ci-e- n% +ree spans %r burie* pipeline4. t/e split bet,een installati%n. as lai* an* %perati%n '%ul* be
F0L. 10L an* 10L-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
2)4 Re'%mmen* pra'ti'e +%r +ati(ue stren(t/ analysis is (i)en in DNV-RP-"0#- Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r
en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns an* l%a*s is (i)en in DNV-RP-"0=-
D :** Frac%'re= s'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en% 9 an" F an" H;SC
:*) Pipeline systems s/all /a)e a*e2uate resistan'e a(ainst initiati%n %+ unstable +ra'ture-
:*4 T/e sa+ety a(ainst unstable +ra'ture is '%nsi*ere* satis+a't%ry i+ t/e re2uirements in Table =-1" are met-
:*8 Pipeline systems transp%rtin( (as %r mi:e* (as an* li2ui*s un*er /i(/ pressure s/all /a)e a*e2uate
resistan'e t% runnin( *u'tile +ra'tures- T/is may be a'/ie)e* by usin(0
1 material ,it/ l%, transiti%n temperature an* a*e2uate /arpy V-n%t'/ t%u(/ness
1 a*e2uate D@TT s/ear +ra'ture area
1 l%,erin( t/e stress le)el
1 use %+ me'/ani'al 'ra'& arrest%rs
1 by a '%mbinati%n %+ t/ese met/%*s-
Desi(n s%luti%ns s/all be )ali*ate* by 'al'ulati%ns base* up%n rele)ant e:perien'e an*I%r suitable tests-
Re2uirements t% +ra'ture arrest pr%perties nee* n%t be applie* ,/en t/e pipeline *esi(n tensile /%%p stress is
bel%, ;0L %+ +
y
-
G'i"ance n!%eF
O
"
is n%rmally in t/e li2ui* *ense p/ase *urin( n%rmal %perati%n %+ a pipeline- @/en *e'%mpresse*. O
"
,ill
'/an(e p/ase +r%m li2ui* t% (as. an* t/is *e'%mpressi%n be/a)i%ur is si(ni+i'antly *i++erent '%mpare* t% natural (as.
an* nee*s t% be a''%unte* +%r in runnin( *u'tile +ra'ture assessments +%r pipelines '%n)eyin( O
"
-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
:*4 6aterial meetin( t/e supplementary re2uirement +%r +ra'ture arrest pr%perties CF4 CSe'-< I"004 is
Ta6le #-)) All!1a6le Design Fa%ig'e Fac%!r
Safety %lass #ow $edium 1igh
DFF # > 10
Ta6le #-)4 Re<'ire$en%s %! 'ns%a6le +rac%'re
)/
Total nominal
strain
)ccumulated
plastic strain

l.n%m
0-;L
6aterials. ,el*in(. ,%r&mans/ip an* testin( are in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e
re2uirements %+ t/is stan*ar*
As an alternati)e (irt/ ,el*s all%,able *e+e't siJes may be assesse* a''%r*in(
t% Appen*i: A-
0-;L M
l.n%m
T/e inte(rity %+ t/e (irt/ ,el*s s/all be assesse* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: A
1-0L M
l.n%m
"4
Supplementary re2uirement CP4 s/all be applie*
%r "-0L M
p
14 T/e strain le)els re+ers t% a+ter NDT-
"4 T%tal n%minal strain in any *ire'ti%n +r%m a sin(le e)ent-
'%nsi*ere* t% /a)e a*e2uate resistan'e t% runnin( *u'tile +ra'ture +%r appli'ati%ns 'arryin( essentially pure
met/ane up t% F0L usa(e +a't%r. 1= 6Pa internal pressure an* #0 mm ,all t/i'&ness- F%r *ept/s *%,n t% 10
metres an* %ns/%re. t/e re2uire* /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't ener(y s/all be spe'ially '%nsi*ere*-
:*# F%r *uple: stainless steels an* 1#r martensiti' stainless steels %r %t/er materials sus'eptible t% HIS
l%'al stresses s/all be su++i'ient l%, t% a)%i* initiati%n %+ HIS- Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r *esi(n %+ *uple:
D )*** Ul%i$a%e li$i% s%a%e acci"en%al l!a"s
)**) T/e *esi(n a(ainst a''i*ental l%a*s may be per+%rme* by *ire't 'al'ulati%n %+ t/e e++e'ts imp%se* by
t/e l%a*s %n t/e stru'ture. %r in*ire'tly. by *esi(n %+ t/e stru'ture as t%lerable t% a''i*ents-
)**4 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n +%r ABS relate t% t/e %)erall all%,able pr%bability %+ se)ere '%nse2uen'es-
)**8 Desi(n ,it/ respe't t% a''i*ental l%a* must ensure t/at t/e %)erall n%minal +ailure pr%bability '%mplies
,it/ t/e n%minal +ailure pr%bability tar(et )alues in Se'-"- T/e %)erall n%minal +ailure pr%bability +r%m
a''i*ental l%a*s 'an be e:presse* as0
,/ere
P
+iVDi
is t/e pr%bability %+ +ailure +%r t/e *ama(in( e)ent i
P
Di
is t/e pr%bability %+ t/e *ama(in( e)ent i ,it/in a year
P
+.tar(et
is t/e tar(et pr%bability %+ +ailure ,it/in a year. see Se'-"
P
+.T
is t/e rele)ant tar(et n%minal +ailure pr%bability a''%r*in( t% Se'-"- T/e number %+ *is'retisati%n
le)els must be lar(e en%u(/ t% ensure t/at t/e resultin( pr%bability is e)aluate* ,it/ su++i'ient
a''ura'y-
)**4 T/e in/erent un'ertainty %+ t/e +re2uen'y an* ma(nitu*e %+ t/e a''i*ental l%a*s. as ,ell as t/e
appr%:imate nature %+ t/e met/%*s +%r *eterminati%n %+ a''i*ental l%a* e++e'ts. s/all be re'%(nise*- S%un*
en(ineerin( Gu*(ement an* pra(mati' e)aluati%ns are /en'e re2uire*-
)**# I+ n%n-linear. *ynami' +inite element analysis is applie*. it s/all be ensure* t/at system per+%rman'e
an* l%'al +ailure m%*es Ce-(- strain rate. l%'al bu'&lin(. G%int %)erl%a*in( an* G%int +ra'ture4 are a*e2uately
a''%unte* +%r by t/e m%*els an* pr%'e*ures applie*-
)**5 A simpli+ie* *esi(n '/e'& ,it/ respe't t% a''i*ental l%a* may be per+%rme* as s/%,n in Table =-1# usin(
appr%priate partial sa+ety +a't%rs- T/e a*e2ua'y %+ simpli+ie* *esi(n '/e'& must be assesse* %n t/e basis %+ t/e
summati%n ab%)e in %r*er t% )eri+y t/at t/e %)erall +ailure pr%bability '%mplies ,it/ t/e tar(et )alues in Se'-"-
D ))** O-alisa%i!n
))*) T/e submarine pipeline system s/all n%t be subGe't t% e:'essi)e %)alisati%n- T/e resi*ual +lattenin( *ue
t% ben*in( an* p%int l%a*s. t%(et/er ,it/ t/e %ut-%+-r%un*ness t%leran'e +r%m +abri'ati%n %+ t/e pipe. is n%t t%
e:'ee* #L. *e+ine* as0
C=-#;4
Ta6le #-)8 Si$(li+ie" "esign chec0 -ers's acci"en%al l!a"s
Prob. of
occurrence
<0
Safety %lass #ow Safety %lass
$edium
Safety %lass 1igh
_ 10
-"
A''i*ental l%a*s may be re(ar*e* similar t% en)ir%nmental l%a*s an* may be e)aluate* similar
t% 8BS *esi(n '/e'&
10
-"
E 10
-#
T% be e)aluate* %n a 'ase by 'ase basis
10
-#
E 10
-;
? 1-0
? 1-0
? 1-0
10
-;
E 10
-=
? 0-H
? 0-H
10
-=
E 10
->
A''i*ental l%a*s %r e)ents may be *isre(ar*e*
? 0-F
M 10
->
14 @/en +ailure m%*e is burstin( t/e pr%bability %+ %''urren'e s/%ul* be 1-" %r*er %+ ma(nitu*es l%,er. re+ Table "-=-
N%te t% table0 Stan*ar* in*ustry pra'ti'e assumes sa+ety +a't%rs e2ual t% 1-0 +%r an a''i*ental e)ent ,it/ a pr%bability %+ %''urren'e
less t/an 10
-"
,it/in a year an* sur)i)al %+ t/e pipeline is merely relate* t% a '%nser)ati)e *e+initi%n %+ '/ara'teristi' resistan'e- In
t/is stan*ar*. a''i*ental l%a*s an* e)ents are intr%*u'e* in a m%re (eneral '%nte:t ,it/ a lin& bet,een pr%bability %+ %''urren'e an*
a'tual +ailure '%nse2uen'e- F%r '%mbine* l%a*in( t/e simpli+ie* *esi(n '/e'& pr%p%ses a t%tal +a't%r in t/e ran(e 1-1-1-". ,/i'/ is
'%nsistent ,it/ stan*ar* in*ustry pra'ti'e interprete* as '%rresp%n*in( t% sa+ety 'lass 6e*ium +%r a''i*ental l%a*s ,it/ a pr%bability
%+ %''urren'e e2ual t% 10
-;
-
C=-#=4
P
i |i
P
i
P
,torgct
i

f
0
ma:
min
E
-------------------------------- 0-0# ?
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 5&
T/e re2uirement may be rela:e* i+0
1 a '%rresp%n*in( re*u'ti%n in m%ment resistan'e /as been in'lu*e*
1 (e%metri'al restri'ti%ns are met. su'/ as pi((in( re2uirements
1 a**iti%nal 'y'li' stresses 'ause* by t/e %)alisati%n /a)e been '%nsi*ere*
1 t%leran'es in t/e rele)ant repair system are met-
))*4 O)alisati%n s/all be '/e'&e* +%r p%int l%a*s at any p%int al%n( t/e submarine pipeline system- Su'/
p%int l%a*s may arise at +ree-span s/%ul*ers. arti+i'ial supp%rts an* supp%rt settlements-
D )4** Acc'$'la%e" "e+!r$a%i!n
)4*) A''umulate* plasti' *e+%rmati%n %+ pipe 'ause* by 'y'li' l%a*s lea*in( t% in'rease* *iameter %r %)ality
Crat'/etin(4 s/all be '%nsi*ere*- I+ t/e rat'/etin( 'auses in'rease* %)ality. spe'ial '%nsi*erati%n s/all als% be
ma*e %+ t/e e++e't %n bu'&lin( resistan'e-
)4*4 A''umulate* l%n(itu*inal *ispla'ement %+ t/e pipeline Cpipeline ,al&in(4 s/all be '%nsi*ere*- T/is
may %''ur *urin( start-upIs/ut-*%,n +%r0
1 pipeline s/%rter t/an t,% an'/%r len(t/s. %r
1 pipeline parts ,it/ )irtual an'/%r. an*
1 pipeline layin( %n seabe* sl%pe. %r
1 pipeline '%nne'te* t% pullin( +%r'e Ce-(- '%nne'te* t% SR4-
D )8** Den%
)8*) T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n +%r impa't re+er t% an a''eptable *ent siJe- T/e ma:imum a''epte* rati% %+
permanent *ent *ept/ t% t/e pipe *iameter is (i)en in t/e +%ll%,in( 'riteri%n0
,/ere0
H
p
? permanent plasti' *ent *ept/
? usa(e +a't%r (i)en in Table =-1;- B%a* e++e't +a't%rs e2ual t% unity-
)8*4 @/en all%,in( +%r permanent *ents. a**iti%nal +ailure m%*es su'/ as +ati(ue an* '%llapse s/all be ta&en
int% a''%unt- Any bene+i'ial e++e't %+ internal %)er-pressure. i-e- Sp%p-%utT s/%ul* n%t be in'lu*e*- T/e bene+i'ial
e++e'ts %+ pr%te'ti)e '%atin( may be ta&en int% a''%unt- T/e impa't e++e'ti)eness %+ '%atin( s/all be *%'umente*-
E. S(ecial C!nsi"era%i!ns
E )** General
)*) T/is subse'ti%n (i)es (ui*an'e %n s'enari%s t/at s/all be e)aluate* separately- !%t/ t/e l%a* e++e'ts an*
a''eptan'e 'riteria are a++e'te*-
E 4** 9i(e s!il in%erac%i!n
4*) F%r limit states in+luen'e* by t/e intera'ti%n bet,een t/e pipeline an* t/e s%il. t/is intera'ti%n s/all be
*etermine* ta&in( *ue a''%unt +%r all rele)ant parameters an* t/e un'ertainties relate* t% t/ese-
In (eneral pipeline s%il intera'ti%n *epen*s %n t/e '/ara'teristi's %+ t/e s%il an* t/e pipeline. %n t/e entire
intera'ti%n /ist%ry sin'e an* in'lu*in( layin( an* %n t/e +ailure m%*e in 2uesti%n. ,/i'/ s/all all be pr%perly
a''%unte* +%r in t/e simulati%n %+ t/e pipeline s%il intera'ti%n-
4*4 T/e main s%il '/ara'teristi's (%)ernin( t/e intera'ti%n are t/e s/ear stren(t/ an* *e+%rmati%n pr%perties-
4*8 Pipeline '/ara'teristi's %+ imp%rtan'e are submer(e* ,ei(/t in all p/ases. *iameter. sti++ness. r%u(/ness
%+ t/e pipeline sur+a'e. an* initial embe*ment +r%m installati%n ,/i'/ s/all all be a''%unte* +%r as rele)ant +%r
t/e limit state in 2uesti%n-
4*4 All rele)ant l%a* e++e'ts s/all be '%nsi*ere*- T/is in'lu*es0
C=-#>4
Ta6le #-)4 Usage +ac%!r ./ +!r i$(ac%
'mpact fre*uency
/per year per .m0
3sage factor

_ 100 0
1-100 0-#
10
-;
-1 0-<
0= - 0
1
P
!ec.2 Design - 7imit !tate (riteria - 0age 5'
1 l%a* *urati%n an* /ist%ry e++e'ts Ce-(- )aryin( )erti'al rea'ti%ns +r%m installati%n layin( pressures in
p%ssible '%mbinati%n ,it/ /%riJ%ntal m%ti%ns4
1 )ariati%ns in t/e unit ,ei(/t %+ t/e pipe Ce-(- empty. ,ater +ille* an* %perati%n '%n*iti%ns4
1 'y'li' l%a*in( e++e'ts Cb%t/ *ire'tly +r%m pipe as ,ell as /y*r%*ynami' l%a*s4
4*# al'ulati%n %+ s%il resistan'e +%r a *esi(n situati%n s/all be base* %n t/e ,%rst 'ase %+ /i(/ an* l%,
estimates %+ s/ear stren(t/ a++e'tin( t/e en* result +%r t/e *esi(n situati%n. as *es'ribe* in Se'-# #0=- @/ere
best estimate an* upper an* l%,er b%un*s %+ t/e s%il resistan'e are t% be *e+ine* t/ese s/all all relate t% t/e
,%rst 'ase s/ear stren(t/ *e+initi%n. but re+le't +%r all %t/er un'ertainties. su'/ as assumpti%ns %+ layin( e++e'ts
an* un'ertainties relate* t% sele'ti%n %+ 'al'ulati%n met/%*-
4*5 S%me s%ils /a)e *i++erent resistan'e )alues +%r l%n( term l%a*in( an* +%r s/%rt term l%a*in(. relate* t%
t/e *i++eren'e in *raine* an* un*raine* be/a)i%ur an* t% 'reep e++e'ts in *raine* an* un*raine* '%n*iti%n- T/is
s/all be ta&en int% a''%unt-
4*& F%r limit states in)%l)in( %r all%,in( +%r lar(e *ispla'ements Ce-(- lateral pull-in. pipeline e:pansi%n %+
e:pansi%n l%%ps. (l%bal bu'&lin( %r ,/en *ispla'ements are all%,e* +%r %n-b%tt%m '%n*iti%n4 t/e s%il ,ill be
l%a*e* +ar bey%n* +ailure. in)%l)in( lar(e n%n-linearities. rem%ul*in( %+ s%il. pl%u(/in( %+ s%il et'- Su'/ n%n-
linear e++e'ts an* t/e un'ertainties relate* t% t/ese s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
4*2 F%r pipelines t/at are burie* Ctren'/e* an*I%r '%)ere* by (ra)el4 an* sus'eptible t% (l%bal bu'&lin( t/e
upli+t resistan'e an* p%ssible in'rease* a:ial resistan'e s/all be '%nsi*ere*- T/e p%ssible e++e't %+ ba'&+ill
material +r%m tren'/in( s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
4*: Due t% t/e un'ertainties in (%)ernin( s%il parameters. l%a* e++e'ts. i*ealiJati%n %+ 'al'ulati%n m%*els
et'-. it is *i++i'ult t% *e+ine uni)ersally )ali* met/%*s +%r simulati%n %+ pipe s%il intera'ti%n e++e'ts- T/e
limitati%ns %+ t/e met/%*s use*. ,/et/er t/e%reti'ally %r empiri'ally base*. s/all be t/%r%u(/ly '%nsi*ere* in
relati%n t% t/e pr%blem at /an*- E:trap%lati%n bey%n* *%'umente* )ali*ity %+ a met/%* s/all be per+%rme* ,it/
'are. as s/all simpli+i'ati%ns +r%m t/e pr%blem at /an* t% t/e 'al'ulati%n m%*el use*- @/en lar(e un'ertainties
e:ist. t/e use %+ m%re t/an %ne 'al'ulati%n appr%a'/ s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
E 8** Gl!6al 6'c0ling
8*) F%r l%a* '%ntr%lle* (l%bal bu'&lin(. see D<00-
8*4 Displa'ement %r partially *ispla'ement '%ntr%lle* (l%bal bu'&lin( may be all%,e*- T/is implies t/at
(l%bal bu'&lin( may be all%,e* pr%)i*e* t/at0
1 pipeline inte(rity is maintaine* in p%st-bu'&lin( '%n+i(urati%ns Ce-(- l%'al bu'&lin(. +ra'ture. +ati(ue et'-4
1 *ispla'ement %+ t/e pipeline is a''eptable-
G'i"ance n!%eF
It is n%t su++i'ient t% *esi(n HPIHT pipelines +%r (l%bal bu'&lin( base* %n S,%rst 'aseT a:ial an* lateral s%il resistan'e
'%mbine* ,it/ *ispla'ement '%ntr%lle* l%'al bu'&lin( 'riteria %nly- T/ese upper an* l%,er b%un* s%il resistan'e
)alues ,ill typi'ally /a)e a pr%bability %+ e:'ee*an'e in t/e %r*er %+ a '%uple %+ per 'ent an* ,ill n%t al%ne pr%)e a
su++i'ient n%minal +ailure pr%bability- A m%re t%tal e)aluati%n %+ t/e +ailure pr%bability is. /en'e. re2uire*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*8 T/e pipeline may bu'&le (l%bally. eit/er *%,n,ar*s Cin a +ree span4. laterally CSsna&in(T %n t/e seabe*4.
%r )erti'ally Cas up/ea)al bu'&lin( %+ a burie* pipeline %r %n a +ree-span s/%ul*er %+ an e:p%se* pipeline4-
8*4 T/e +%ll%,in( (l%bal bu'&lin( initiat%rs s/all be '%nsi*ere*0
1 tra,l b%ar* impa't. pull%)er an* /%%&in(
1 %ut %+ strai(/tness-
8*# Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r stru'tural assessment %+ /i(/ pressureI/i(/ temperature pipelines is (i)en in
DNV-RP-F110-
E 4** Free s(anning (i(elines an" risers
4*) Spannin( risers an* pipelines s/all /a)e a*e2uate sa+ety a(ainst l%'al bu'&lin(. +ati(ue. +ra'ture an*
%)ality an* t/ese s/all be *%'umente*-
4*4 Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r +ree spannin( pipelines is (i)en in DNV-RP-F10=- Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e
+%r +ati(ue *esi(n %+ risers is (i)en in DNV-RP-F"0;-
E #** On 6!%%!$ s%a6ili%7
#*) T/e pipeline s/all n%t m%)e +r%m its as-installe* p%siti%n- T/is *%es n%t in'lu*e permissible lateral %r
)erti'al m%)ements. t/ermal e:pansi%n. an* a limite* am%unt %+ settlement a+ter installati%n- T/is applies +%r
t/e entire li+etime %+ t/e pipeline Cin'lu*in( metal l%ss *ue t% '%rr%si%n %r er%si%n4- T/e stability %+ t/e pipeline
s/all be *%'umente*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n %n permissible m%)ements may )ary al%n( t/e pipeline r%ute- E:amples %+ p%ssible
limitati%ns t% pipeline m%)ements in'lu*e0
- l%'al bu'&lin(. +ati(ue an* +ra'ture %+ pipe
- *eteri%rati%nI,ear %+ '%atin(
- (e%metri'al limitati%ns %+ supp%rts
- *istan'e +r%m %t/er pipelines. stru'tures %r %bsta'les-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*4 F%r ,ei(/t 'al'ulati%ns %+ t/e pipe. t/e n%minal ,all t/i'&ness s/all be re*u'e* t% '%mpensate +%r t/e
e:pe'te* a)era(e ,ei(/t re*u'ti%n *ue t% metal l%ss- F%r pipelines ,it/ min%r '%rr%si%n all%,an'e t/is
re*u'ti%n may be %mitte* an* t/e n%minal t/i'&ness use*-
#*8 T/e submarine pipeline system s/all /a)e a spe'i+i' (ra)ity su++i'ient t% a)%i* +l%atati%n- I+ a su++i'ient
l%, pr%bability %+ ne(ati)e bu%yan'y is n%t *%'umente*. t/e +%ll%,in( 'riteri%n applies0
@/ere0
,
? Sa+ety +a't%r %n ,ei(/t. 1-1
b ? bu%yan'y
@
sub
? Submer(e* ,ei(/t
#*4 Pipelines s/all /a)e a*e2uate sa+ety a(ainst sin&in(- Spe'ial '%nsi*erati%ns s/all /ere be ma*e t%
me'/ani'al '%mp%nents su'/ as )al)es an* TeeAs- I+ t/e s%il is. %r is li&ely t% be. li2ue+ie*. it s/all be
*%'umente* t/at t/e *ept/ %+ sin&in( ,ill be satis+a't%rily limite* Ceit/er by t/e *ept/ %+ li2ue+a'ti%n %r by t/e
buil*-up %+ )erti'al resistan'e *urin( sin&in(4-
G'i"ance n!%eF
I+ t/e spe'i+i' submer(e* ,ei(/t %+ t/e ,ater-+ille* pipe is less t/an t/at %+ t/e s%il. t/en n% +urt/er analyses are
re2uire* t% *%'ument sa+ety a(ainst sin&in(-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*# !urie* pipelines s/all /a)e a*e2uate sa+ety a(ainst +l%atati%n in s%il-
#*5 @/en t/e pipeline is r%ute* in areas t/at may be in+luen'e* by unstable sl%pes t/at '%ul* lea* t% sl%pe
+ailure an* +l%, %+ s%il t/at ,ill impa't t/e pipeline. t/e pr%bability %+ su'/ sl%pe +ailures s/all be e)aluate*-
Any rele)ant sl%pe +ailure tri((erin( e++e't. su'/ as ,a)e l%a*in(. eart/2ua&e l%a*in( %r man ma*e a'ti)ities
Ce-(- t/e pipe-layin( itsel+4. s/all be '%nsi*ere*- P%ssible +l%, rates an* *ensities at t/e pipeline s/all be
e)aluate* +%r stability- I+ stability 'ann%t be (uarantee* by su++i'ient ,ei(/t %+ t/e pipeline. by burial %+ t/e
pipeline %r by %t/er means. re-r%utin( %+ t/e pipeline s/all be re2uire*-
#*& T/e m%st un+a)%urable '%mbinati%n %+ simultane%usly a'tin( )erti'al an* /%riJ%ntal +%r'es %n t/e
pipeline s/all be '%nsi*ere*- @/en *eterminin( t/is un+a)%urable '%mbinati%n. t/e )ariati%n in +%r'es al%n(
t/e line. in'lu*in( *ire'ti%nality e++e'ts %+ ,a)es an* 'urrent. s/%ul* be a**resse*-
#*2 A:ial Cl%n(itu*inal4 stability s/all be '/e'&e*- T/e an%*e stru'tural '%nne'ti%n C,/en e:p%se* t%
+ri'ti%n. e-(-. pipelines ,it/%ut ,ei(/t '%atin(4 s/all be su++i'ient t% sustain t/e anti'ipate* +ri'ti%n +%r'e-
#*: Pipeline m%)ements *ue t% t/ermal a:ial e:pansi%n. s/all be all%,e* +%r near plat+%rmsIstru'tures Ce-(-
at riser tie-in p%int4 an* ,/ere t/e pipeline '/an(es *ire'ti%n Ce-(- at %++set sp%%ls4- T/e e:pansi%n 'al'ulati%ns
s/all be base* up%n '%nser)ati)e )alues +%r t/e a:ial +ri'ti%nal resistan'e-
#)* In s/all%, ,ater. t/e repeate* l%a*in( e++e'ts *ue t% ,a)e a'ti%n may lea* t% a re*u'ti%n %+ t/e s/ear
stren(t/ %+ t/e s%il- T/is s/all be '%nsi*ere* in t/e analysis. parti'ularly i+ t/e ba'& +ill '%nsists %+ l%%se san*.
an* in (eneral i+ t/e s%il '%nsists %+ silt %r san* ,it/ /i(/ silt '%ntent- !%t/ 'ases may be sus'eptible t%
li2ue+a'ti%n-
#)) I+ t/e stability %+ t/e pipeline *epen*s %n t/e stability %+ t/e seabe*. t/e latter s/%ul* be '/e'&e*-
#)4 Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r stability %+ pipelines e:p%se* t% ,a)e an* 'urrent l%a*s is (i)en in DNV-RP-
F10H-
E 5** Tra1ling in%er+erence
5*) T/e submarine pipeline system s/all be '/e'&e* +%r all t/ree l%a*in( p/ases *ue t% tra,l (ear intera'ti%n.
as %utline* in Se'-; E-
5*4 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are *epen*ent %n t/e tra,lin( +re2uen'y Cimpa't4 an* t/e sa+ety 'lass-
5*8 Tra,l pull%)er l%a*s s/all be '/e'&e* in '%mbinati%n ,it/ %t/er rele)ant l%a* e++e'ts- Tra,l pull%)er s/all
be '%mbine* ,it/ (l%bal bu'&lin(- A''umulati%n %+ *ama(e *ue t% subse2uent tra,lin( is n%t n%rmally all%,e*-
C=-#<4
y
w

b
w
sub
+ b
1.uu
5*4 H%%&in( l%a*s s/all be '/e'&e* in '%mbinati%n ,it/ %t/er rele)ant l%a* e++e'ts- All rele)ant +ailures
m%*es s/all be '/e'&e*-
5*# Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r tra,l an* pipeline inter+eren'e is (i)en in DNV-RP-F111-
E &** Thir" (ar%7 l!a"s= "r!((e" !6Aec%s
&*) T/e submarine pipeline system s/all be *esi(ne* +%r impa't +%r'es 'ause* by. e-(- *r%ppe* %bGe'ts.
+is/in( (ear %r '%llisi%ns- T/e *esi(n may be a'/ie)e* eit/er by *esi(n %+ pipe. pr%te'ti%n %r means t% a)%i*
impa'ts-
&*4 T/e *esi(n 'riteria s/all be base* up%n t/e +re2uen'yIli&eli/%%* %+ t/e impa't +%r'e an* 'lassi+ie* as
a''i*ental. en)ir%nmental %r +un'ti%nal '%rresp%n*in(ly. see D1000-
&*8 Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r ris& assessment %+ pipeline pr%te'ti%n is (i)en in DNV-RP-F10<-
E 2** Ear%h <'a0es
2*) T/e submarine pipeline system s/all /a)e a*e2uate resistan'e a(ainst eart/ 2ua&es-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e +%ll%,in( s'enari%s s/all typi'ally be '%nsi*ere*0
- B%'al bu'&lin(. '%llapse et'- %+ t/e pipeline *ue t% seabe* m%ti%ns an* m%)ements
- In*ire't e++e'ts Ce-(- 'ause* by m%)ements %+ se'%n*ary stru'tures4
- Failure %+ (ra)el supp%rts
- P%tential *ama(e +r%m mu*-sli*es-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
2*4 F%r *esi(n a(ainst eart/ 2ua&es. re+eren'e is (i)en t% ISO 1HH01-"-
E :** Ther$al ins'la%i!n
:*) I+ t/e submarine pipeline system is t/ermally insulate*.
1 it s/all be *%'umente* t/at t/e insulati%n is resistant t% t/e '%mbinati%n %+ ,ater. temperature an*
/y*r%stati' pressure-
1 It s/%ul* be *%'umente* t/at t/e resistant t% %il an* %il-base* pr%*u'ts. i+ rele)ant-
1 It s/all be *%'umente* t/at t/e re2uire* me'/ani'al stren(t/ t% e:ternal l%a*s. as appli'able-
1 De(ra*ati%n %+ t/e insulati%n *urin( '%nstru'ti%n an* %perati%n s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
E )*** Se%%ings +r!$ (l'gs
)**) Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r l%a*s +r%m plu(s is (i)en in DNV-RP-F11#-
E ))** 9i(e-in-(i(e an" 6'n"les
))*) F%r pipe-in-pipe an* bun*le '%n+i(urati%ns. a*)anta(e may be ta&en %+ %t/er l%a*in( '%n*iti%ns. e-(-
pressure '%ntainment +%r t/e %uter pipe- @/en *eterminin( t/e sa+ety 'lass. a*)anta(e may als% be ta&en %n
t/e re*u'e* +ailure '%nse2uen'es '%mpare* t% t/%se %+ %r*inary pipelines-
G'i"ance n!%eF
See Se'-1# +%r *is'ussi%n %n pipe-in-pipe-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
))*4 T/e '%mbine* e++e'ti)e +%r'e +%r a pipe-in-pipe %r a bun*le may be 'al'ulate* usin( t/e e:pressi%n in
Se'-; 3;00 +%r ea'/ '%mp%nent an* summin( %)er all '%mp%nents- T/e e:ternal pressure +%r ea'/ '%mp%nent
s/all be ta&en as t/e pressure a'tin( %n its e:ternal sur+a'e. i-e- t/e pressure in t/e )%i* +%r internal pipes-
Release %+ e++e'ti)e a:ial +%r'e by en* e:pansi%ns. lateral an*I%r )erti'al *e+%rmati%ns %r bu'&lin( *epen*s %n
/%, t/e pipes may sli*e relati)ely t% ea'/ %t/er- T/ere+%re. analysis %+ 'ases ,/ere t/e e++e'ti)e a:ial +%r'e is
imp%rtant. su'/ as analysis %+ e:pansi%n. bu'&lin( an* *ynami's. re2uires a''urate m%*ellin( %+ a:ial
restraints su'/ as spa'ers. bul&/ea*s et'-
F. 9i(eline C!$(!nen%s
F )** General
)*) T/is Subse'ti%n is appli'able t% pressure '%ntainin( '%mp%nents Ce-(- ben*s. +lan(es an* '%nne't%rs.
TeeNs. )al)es et'-4 use* in t/e submarine pipeline system- Supp%rtin( stru'ture re2uirements are (i)en in 3-
)*4 Desi(n %+ pipeline '%mp%nents s/all be a''%r*in( t% re'%(nise* '%*es '%mbine* ,it/ t/e a**iti%nal
re2uirements liste* in Table =-1=-
)*8 Desi(n %+ pipeline '%mp%nents s/all als% '%mply ,it/ t/e material. manu+a'turin( an* test re2uirements
+%r '%mp%nents in Se'-F-
)*4 All pressure '%ntainin( '%mp%nents use* in t/e submarine pipeline system s/%ul* represent at least t/e
same sa+ety le)el as t/e '%nne'tin( riserIpipeline se'ti%n-
)*# T/e *esi(n pressure +%r t/e pipeline '%mp%nent s/all be /arm%nise* ,it/ t/e *esi(n pressure %+ t/e
submarine pipeline systems-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/is implies t/at t/e *esi(n pressure +%r t/e '%mp%nent s/all be sele'te* su'/ t/at it /arm%nises ,it/ t/e *esi(n an*
in'i*ental pressure in t/e submarine pipeline system- Di++erent *esi(n '%*es /a)e *i++erent *e+initi%ns %+ *esi(n
pressure. an* a t/%r%u(/ e)aluati%n %+ t/is s/all be per+%rme*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*5 T/e '%mp%nent s/all be *esi(ne* t% a''%mm%*ate t/e l%a*in( +r%m t/e '%nne'te* pipeline se'ti%n an*
)i'e )ersa ,it/ appr%priate sa+ety- I+ t/e '%*e use* in t/e *esi(n %+ a '%mp%nent *%es n%t ta&e int% a''%unt
+%r'es %t/er t/an t/e internal pressure. a**iti%nal e)aluati%ns. e-(- FE analyses a''%r*in( t%O AS6E VIII
Di)isi%n " I EN 1#;;= I PD ==00. are re2uire* in %r*er t% a**ress t/e ma:imum +%r'es t/at 'an be trans+erre*
t% t/e '%mp%nent +r%m t/e '%nne'tin( pipeline se'ti%ns un*er installati%n an* %perati%n-
T/e stren(t/ s/all. as a minimum be0
1 e2ui)alent t% t/e '%nne'tin( pipeline. %r
1 su++i'ient t% a''%mm%*ate t/e m%st pr%bable ma:imum 100-year l%a* e++e't t/at ,ill be trans+erre* t% t/e
'%mp%nent +r%m t/e '%nne'tin( pipeline un*er installati%n an* %perati%n. see Se'-;-
)*& T/e use %+ %t/er '%*es +%r stru'tural *esi(n an* '%nstru'ti%n may re2uire '%*e brea&s- T/e '%*e brea&
s/all be maintaine* +%r all p/ases Ci-e- n%t '/an(e* +r%m *esi(n t% '%nstru'ti%n p/ase4-
G'i"ance n!%eF
It is re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e '%*e brea& bet,een line pipe an* t/e rele)ant '%mp%nent stan*ar* is l%'ate* at t/e
'%mp%nent ,el* ne'&. see Fi(ure ;- T/e '%*e +%r pipeline '%mp%nent s/all in'lu*e pipe se'ti%ns a++e'te* by t/e
presen'e %+ t/e '%mp%nent-
Ta6le #-)# Re+erence" s%an"ar"s +!r s%r'c%'ral "esign !+ c!$(!nen%s
%omponent !"ample of esign %odes
14
)dditional design
re*uirements
All %mp%nents liste* bel%,
"4
AS6E VIII Di)isi%n " I EN 1#;;= I PD ==00 F100
In*u'ti%n !en*s ISO 1==H0-1 F"00
Fittin(s Tees0 AS6E !#1-;. !#1-F F#00
Flan(es ISO 1==H0-#I ISO <00=-1 %r NORSOK B00= I EN 1=H1-1
Val)es ISO 1;<"# F;00
6e'/ani'al '%nne't%rs AS6E VIII Di)isi%n " I EN 1#;;= I PD ==00
P Insulatin( G%ints AS6E VIII Di)isi%n " I EN 1#;;= I PD ==00 F=00
An'/%r +lan(es N-A- see N%te
"4

!%ltin( AS6E VIII Di)isi%n " I EN 1#;;= I PD ==00
Pi( traps AS6E VIII Di)isi%n " I EN 1#;;= I PD ==00 F>00
Repair 'lamps. repair '%uplin(s an*
/%t taps
DNV-RP-F11# H%t tapNs0
API RP ""01
14 Ot/er re'%(nise* e2ui)alent '%*es may be use*-
"4 Re2uire* in 'ase t/e '%*e use* in t/e *esi(n %+ a '%mp%nent *%es n%t ta&e int% a''%unt +%r'es %t/er t/an t/e internal pressure.
see 10>-
Fig're 4
C!"e 6rea0s 6e%1een %he line (i(e an" c!$(!nen% c!nnec%i!n
T/is pipe se'ti%n s/%ul* be minimum ; times t/e elasti' len(t/ %+ t/e pipeline se'ti%n at '%*e brea&. re+- DNV-RP-
"0# Appen*i: D- T/e len(t/ may be re*u'e* pr%)i*e* *etaile* analyses s/%,s n%minal pipe se'ti%n stresses at
s/%rter len(t/-
T/e elasti' len(t/ is *e+ine* as0
,/ere
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*2 T/e l%a* s'enari%s as *es'ribe* in Se'-; as ,ell as parti'ular l%a*s ass%'iate* ,it/ t/e '%mp%nent s/all
be analyse*- T/is implies t/at als% e:ternal /y*r%stati' pressure s/all be '%nsi*ere* in t/e *esi(n ,it/ respe't
t% b%t/ stren(t/ an* internal lea&a(e ,/en rele)ant-
)*: F%r material sus'eptible t% HIS. see Se'-> D=00-
))* Sealin( systems s/%ul* be *esi(ne* t% all%, testin( ,it/%ut pressurisin( t/e pipeline-
))) T/e pi((in( re2uirements in !111 an* Se'-# D10" s/all be '%nsi*ere* +%r t/e '%mp%nent-
))4 Transiti%ns in -6n an* l%, all%y steels ,/ere t/e n%minal material t/i'&ness %r yiel* stress is une2ual
s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ AS6E ! #1-F Appen*i: I. Fi(ure I-= %r e2ually re'%(nise* '%*es- Transiti%n in -
6n linepipe by means %+ an e:ternal %r internal taper s/all be n% steeper t/an 10;- I+ transiti%ns t% t/ese
re2uirements are n%t +easible. a transiti%n pie'e s/all be inserte*-
))8 Transiti%ns in *uple: stainless steels an* 1#r martensiti' stainless steels s/all be su'/ t/at t/e l%'al
stresses ,ill n%t initiate HIS- Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r *esi(n %+ *uple: stainless steels is (i)en in DNV-
RP-F11"-
))4 Internal transiti%ns bet,een *i++erent ,all t/i'&nesses an* internal *iameters +%r (irt/ ,el*s in pipes %+
e2ual S6RS may be ma*e in t/e base material pr%)i*e* ra*i%(rap/i' e:aminati%n %nly is spe'i+ie*-
))# F%r ,el*s t% be e:amine* by ultras%ni' testin(. transiti%n taperin( in t/e base material s/%ul* be a)%i*e*-
I+ taperin( is una)%i*able t/e pipe en*s s/all be ma'/ine* t% pr%)i*e parallel e:ternal an* internal sur+a'es
be+%re t/e start %+ t/e taper- T/e len(t/ %+ t/e parallel sur+a'es s/all at least be su++i'ient t% all%, s'annin( +r%m
t/e e:ternal sur+a'e an* su++i'ient +%r t/e re2uire* re+le'ti%n %++ t/e parallel internal sur+a'e-
))5 Spe'i+i'ati%ns +%r installati%n an* ma&e-up %+ t/e '%mp%nent s/all be establis/e*-
))& F%r pressure testin( re2uirements %+ '%mp%nents. see Se'-F-
=-#F
r ? ra*ius t% mi* sur+a'e %+ t/e pipeline *imensi%n.
t ? @all t/i'&ness %+ t/e pipeline.
? P%iss%nAs rati%-
F 4** ;n"'c%i!n 6en"s
4*) T/is Stan*ar* *%es n%t pr%)i*e any limit state 'riteria +%r pipeline ben*s-
G'i"ance n!%eF
!en*s e:p%se* t% ben*in( m%ments be/a)e *i++erently +r%m strai(/t pipes- O)alisati%n be'%mes t/e +irst %r*er %+
*e+%rmati%n an* '/an(es t/e stress pattern '%nsi*erably '%mpare* t% strai(/t pipes-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 As an alternati)e t% re'%(nise* '%*es t/e +%ll%,in( simpli+ie* All%,able Stress Desi(n CASD4 '/e'&
may be use* pr%)i*e* t/at0
1 T/e pressure '%ntainment 'riteri%n in D"00 is +ul+ille*-
1 T/e applie* m%ment an* a:ial l%a* 'an be '%nsi*ere* *ispla'ement '%ntr%lle*-
1 T/e ben* is e:p%se* t% internal %)er pressure %r t/at t/e ben* /as n% p%tential +%r '%llapse- T/is 'an be
'%nsi*ere* +ul+ille* i+ t/e system '%llapse *esi(n 'apa'ity is t/ree times t/e e:ternal %)erpressure in
2uesti%n- T/e e:ternal pressure *i++erential +%r t/e '%llapse limit state. p
e
- p
min
. s/all /en'e be multiplie*
by a +a't%r %+ # in E2 =-1;-
1 T/at t/e imp%se* s/ape *ist%rti%n Ce-(- %)alisati%n4 is a''eptable-
T/e ASD 'riteria rea*0
,/ere
? usa(e +a't%r as (i)en by Table =-1>
p
i
? *esi(n pressure in line ,it/ ISO 1#>"#
N ? pipe ,all +%r'e
6 ? ben*in( m%ment. t/e m%st 'riti'al %+ tensile %r '%mpressi)e si*e s/all be use*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e %)alisati%n %+ t/e ben* /as typi'ally t% be *etermine* by +inite element 'al'ulati%n- T/e a''eptable *ist%rti%n ,ill
typi'ally (%)erne* by t/e bullet p%ints in DH00-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
F 8** Fi%%ings
8*) Tees s/all be %+ t/e e:tru*e* %utlet. inte(ral rein+%r'ement type- T/e *esi(n s/all be a''%r*in( t% AS6E
!#1-;. !#1-F %r e2ui)alent-
8*4 !ars %+ barre* tees s/%ul* n%t be ,el*e* *ire'tly t% t/e /i(/ stress areas ar%un* t/e e:trusi%n ne'&- It is
re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e bars trans)erse t% t/e +l%, *ire'ti%n are ,el*e* t% a pup pie'e. an* t/at t/e bars parallel
t% t/e +l%, *ire'ti%n are ,el*e* t% t/e trans)erse bars %nly- I+ t/is is impra'ti'able. alternati)e *esi(ns s/%ul*
be '%nsi*ere* in %r*er t% a)%i* pea& stresses at t/e en*s-
8*8 @yes- an* tees ,/ere t/e a:is %+ t/e %utlet is n%t perpen*i'ular t% t/e a:is %+ t/e run Clateral tees4 s/all
n%t be *esi(ne* t% AS6E !#1-; %r !#1-F. as t/ese items re2uire spe'ial '%nsi*erati%n. i-e- *esi(n by +inite
element analysis-
8*4 Stan*ar* butt ,el*in( +ittin(s '%mplyin( ,it/ ANSI !1>-H. 6SS SP-<= %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*s may be
use* pr%)i*e* t/at0
e
Z +
y
C=-#H4
V
l
V Z +
y
C=-;04
C=-;14
C=-;"4
C=-;#4
Ta6le #-)5 Usage +ac%!rs +!r e<'i-alen% s%ress chec0
Safety class
#ow $edium 1igh
1-00 0-H0 0-F0
" " "
#
hl l h l h e
+ +
( )
"
"
" t
t
p p
e i h
t
$
t t
4
l

+

=
#"
4 4 " C C 4 C
;
"
;
" "


1 t/e a'tual burstin( stren(t/ %+ t/e +ittin( is *em%nstrate* t% e:'ee* t/at %+ t/e a*G%inin( pipe
1 t/e +ittin( is *em%nstrate* t% be able t% a''%mm%*ate t/e ma:imum +%r'es t/at 'an %''ur in t/e pipeline in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ A10=-
8*# !ran'/ ,el*in( +ittin(s s/all n%t be use* ,/en e:'ee*in( t/e ma:imum %+ " in'/es C" #IFT4 %r an
interse'ti%n an(le %+ <"]-
F 4** Dal-es
4*) T/e *esi(n s/all ensure t/at internal (as&ets are able t% seal. an* s/all in'lu*e a *%'umente* sa+ety
mar(in ,/i'/ is )ali* *urin( all rele)ant pipeline %peratin( '%n*iti%ns- Sealin( ,ill be sensiti)e t% internal
*e+le'ti%ns. enlar(ement %+ (aps an* '/an(es in t/eir supp%rt '%n*iti%ns- Val)e %perati%n ,ill be sensiti)e t%
+ri'ti%n an* 'learan'es-
4*4 %nsi*erati%n s/%ul* be (i)en t% re2uirements +%r *urability ,/en e:p%se* t% abrasi)e material Ce-(-
,el* s'ale. san* et'-4 %r t% +ire l%a*s-
4*8 Val)es ,it/ re2uirements +%r +ire *urability s/all be 2uali+ie* by appli'able +ire tests- Re+eren'e may be
ma*e t% API >FA an* ISO 10;H< +%r test pr%'e*ures-
4*4 Val)e '%ntr%l systems an* a'tuat%rs s/all be *esi(ne* an* manu+a'ture* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ re'%(nise*
stan*ar*s- T/e )al)e a'tuat%r spe'i+i'ati%n s/%ul* *e+ine t%r2ue re2uirements +%r )al)e %perati%n. ,it/ a
suitable sa+ety mar(in t% a''%mm%*ate *eteri%rati%n an* +ri'ti%n in'rease *urin( ser)i'e-
4*# I+ t/e '%*e %r stan*ar* use* +%r *esi(n %+ a '%mp%nent *%es n%t ta&e int% a''%unt t/e p%ssibility +%r
internal lea&a(e *ue t% +%r'es trans+erre* t% t/e '%mp%nent +r%m t/e '%nne'tin( pipeline se'ti%ns. t/e a**iti%nal
'al'ulati%ns %r 2uali+i'ati%n tests s/all be per+%rme*-
F #** ;ns'la%ing A!in%s
#*) P insulatin( G%ints s/all be %+ t/e b%ltless. m%n%lit/i' '%uplin( type an* s/all be pr%)i*e* ,it/ a *%uble
seal system-
#*4 Insulatin( G%ints s/all be +itte* ,it/ pup pie'es ,it/ me'/ani'al pr%perties an* *imensi%ns i*enti'al t%
t/at %+ t/e a*G%inin( pipeline-
#*8 Insulatin( G%ints s/all be 'apable %+ meetin( t/e test re2uirements (i)en in Se'-F !H00 an* t% ,it/stan*
t/e e++e'ts %+ t/e en)ir%nment ,it/%ut l%ss %+ per+%rman'e-
#*4 T% pr%te't insulatin( G%ints an* P e2uipment +r%m li(/tnin( e++e'ts. li(/tnin( pr%te'ti%n s/all be
installe*- Sur(e arrest%rs s/%ul* be m%unte* a'r%ss insulatin( G%ints an* %utput terminals %+ D-- )%lta(e
s%ur'es- Su'/ measures s/%ul* ta&e int% a''%unt t/e nee* +%r p%tential e2ualisati%n bet,een t/e pipeline.
an%*es. p%,er supplies. re+eren'e ele'tr%*es. et'- *urin( li(/tnin( stri&es- Alternati)e *e)i'es t% t/e spar& (ap
type 'an be use* i+ *%'umente* t% be reliable-
#*# !%ltin( s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ Se'-> ;00-
#*5 All elast%meri' materials use* s/all /a)e a *%'umente* per+%rman'e- T/e sealin( materials s/all /a)e
*%'umente* *e'%mpressi%n. 'reep an* temperature pr%perties- O-rin( seals s/all be resistant t% e:pl%si)e
*e'%mpressi%n an* AED 'erti+ie*- AED 'erti+i'ati%n is n%t re2uire* +%r seals %t/er t/an O-rin(s. pr%)i*e* t/ey
are en'l%se* in a '%mpletely '%n+ine* spa'e-
Sealin( sur+a'es e:p%se* t% sea ,ater s/all be ma*e %+ materials resistant t% sea ,ater at ambient temperature-
#*& T/e insulatin( materials. in'lu*in( *iele'tri' stren(t/. '%mpressi)e stren(t/ an* suitability +%r use at t/e
*esi(n temperatures s/all be *%'umente* by testin( in a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 D >H=-
F 5** 9ig %ra(s
5*) T/e *esi(n %+ 'l%sures an* items su'/ as n%JJle rein+%r'ements. sa**le supp%rts. )ent- &i'& an* *rain
bran'/es s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e applie* *esi(n stan*ar*-
5*4 l%sures s/all be *esi(ne* su'/ t/at t/e 'l%sure 'ann%t be %pene* ,/ile t/e pi( trap is pressurise*- An
interl%'& arran(ement ,it/ t/e main pipeline )al)e s/%ul* be pr%)i*e*-
G. S'((!r%ing S%r'c%'re
G )** General
)*) Stru'tural items su'/ as supp%rt an* pr%te'ti)e stru'tures t/at are n%t ,el*e* %nt% pressuriJe* parts are
'%nsi*ere* as stru'tural elements-
)*4 Steel stru'tural elements s/all be *esi(ne* a''%r*in( t% DNV-OS-101 Desi(n %+ O++s/%re Steel
Stru'tures. 3eneral CBRFD met/%*4-
G 4** Riser s'((!r%s
4*) T/e riser supp%rts s/%ul* be *esi(ne* a(ainst t/e p%ssible m%*es %+ +ailure ,it/ at least t/e same *e(ree
%+ sa+ety as t/at %+ t/e riser t/ey supp%rt- H%,e)er. i+ sa+ety '%nsi*erati%ns in*i'ate t/at t/e %)erall sa+ety is
in'rease* by a re*u'ti%n %+ t/e +ailure l%a* %+ 'ertain supp%rts. su'/ '%nsi*erati%ns may (%)ern t/e supp%rt
*esi(n C,ea& lin& prin'iple4-
4*4 F%r b%lte* '%nne'ti%ns. '%nsi*erati%n s/all be (i)en t% +ri'ti%n +a't%rs. plate %r s/ell element stresses.
rela:ati%n. pipe 'rus/in(. stress '%rr%si%n 'ra'&in(. (al)ani' '%rr%si%n. +ati(ue. brittle +ailure. an* %t/er +a't%rs
t/at may be rele)ant-
4*8 F%r supp%rts ,it/ *%ubler an*I%r (usset plates '%nsi*erati%n s/all be (i)en t% lamellar tearin(. pull %ut.
element stresses. e++e'ti)e ,el* len(t/. stress '%n'entrati%ns an* e:'essi)e r%tati%n- See als% !10F t/r%u(/
!111-
4*4 In 'lamps utilisin( elast%meri' linin(s. t/e l%n(-term per+%rman'e %+ t/e material ,it/ re(ar* t% 'reep.
sea ,ater an* air %r sun li(/t resistan'e s/all be *etermine*-
G 8** >-%'6es
8*) An %)erall '%n'eptual e)aluati%n s/all be ma*e in %r*er t% *e+ine t/e re2uire*0
1 sa+ety 'lass
1 impa't *esi(n
1 pressure '%ntainment resistan'e-
8*4 T/e 7-tube s/all be *esi(ne* a(ainst t/e +ailure m%*es (i)en in D100-
G'i"ance n!%eF
;01 ab%)e in'lu*es e)aluati%n %+ ,/et/er t/e G-tube s/all be *esi(ne* +%r t/e +ull *esi(n pressure an* t% ,/i'/ sa+ety
'lass Ci-e- /%%p stress usa(e +a't%rs4- T/e 7-tube '%n'ept may e-(- be base* %n Sburst *is'T ,/i'/ ,ill imply t/at a
l%,er pressure '%ntainment resistan'e s/all be (%)ernin(- Ot/er rele)ant e)aluati%ns may be 7-tube pull-in +%r'es.
e:ternal impa't. '%rr%si%n et'-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*8 T/e 7-tube sp%%ls s/%ul* be G%ine* by ,el*in(-
G 4** S%a6ili%7 !+ gra-el s'((!r%s an" gra-el c!-ers
4*) T/is applies t% all types %+ (ra)el supp%rts an* '%)ers. su'/ as +ree span supp%rts +%r installati%n an*
%peratin( p/ases Ce:'essi)e ben*in( an* +ati(ue4. separati%n an* pipeline stabilisati%n at 'r%ssin(s.
suppressin( %+ up/ea)al bu'&lin(. a:ial restraintsIl%'&in(. stabilisati%n %+ pipeline et'-
4*4 T/e *esi(n %+ t/e (ra)el supp%rts an* '%)ers s/all '%nsi*er t/e '%nse2uen'e %+ +ailure-
4*8 T/e *esi(n %+ t/e (ra)el supp%rts an* '%)ers s/all '%nsi*er0
1 ,ei(/t %+ (ra)el supp%rts an*I%r '%)ers an* pipeline
1 l%a*s imp%se* by pipeline Ce-(- *ue e:pansi%n4
1 seabe* sl%pe. b%t/ l%n(itu*inal an* /%riJ%ntal
1 un'ertainty in s%il '/ara'teristi's
1 resistan'e a(ainst /y*r%*ynami' l%a*s
1 sl%pe +ailure Ce-(- *ue t% eart/2ua&es4
1 un'ertainty in sur)ey *ata
1 subsea (ra)el installati%n t%leran'es. b%t/ /%riJ%ntal an* )erti'al-
H. ;ns%alla%i!n an" Re(air
H )** General
)*) T/e linepipe transp%rtati%n s/%ul* '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ API=B an* API=B@-
)*4 T/e pipeline stren(t/ an* stability s/all be *etermine* a''%r*in( t% D an* E ab%)e-
G'i"ance n!%eF
A''%r*in( t% t/is stan*ar*. e2ui)alent limit states are use* +%r all p/ases- Hen'e t/e *esi(n 'riteria in t/is se'ti%n als%
apply t% t/e installati%n p/ase- Installati%n is usually 'lassi+ie* as a l%,er sa+ety 'lass Csa+ety 'lass l%,4 t/an
%perati%n. '%rresp%n*in( t% l%,er partial sa+ety +a't%rs C/i(/er +ailure pr%bability4-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*8 T/e *esi(n analysis +%r t/e submarine pipeline system s/all in'lu*e b%t/ installati%n an* repair a'ti)ities.
in %r*er t% ensure t/at t/ey 'an be installe* an* repaire* ,it/%ut su++erin( *ama(e %r re2uirin( /aJar*%us
installati%n %r repair ,%r&-
)*4 T/e *esi(n s/all )eri+y a*e2uate stren(t/ *urin( all rele)ant installati%n p/ases an* te'/ni2ues t% be
use*. in'lu*in(0
1 initiati%n %+ pipe layin( %perati%n
1 n%rmal '%ntinu%us pipe layin(
1 pipe lay aban*%nment an* pipeline retrie)al
1 terminati%n %+ layin( %perati%n
1 t%, %ut %perati%ns Cb%tt%m t%,. %++-b%tt%m t%,. '%ntr%lle* *ept/ t%, an* sur+a'e t%,4
1 pipeline reelin( an* unreelin(
1 tren'/in( an* ba'& +illin(
1 riser an* sp%%l installati%n
1 tie-in %perati%ns
1 lan*+alls-
)*# T/e '%n+i(urati%n %+ pipeline se'ti%ns un*er installati%n s/all be *etermine* +r%m t/e layin( )essel t%
t/e +inal p%siti%n %n t/e seabe*- T/e '%n+i(urati%n s/all be su'/ t/at t/e l%a* e++e't le)els are a''eptable ,/en
all rele)ant e++e'ts are ta&en int% a''%unt- Dis'%ntinuities *ue t% ,ei(/t '%atin(. bu'&le arrest%rs. in-line
assemblies et'- s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
)*5 T/e )ariati%n in layin( parameters t/at a++e't t/e '%n+i(urati%n s/all be '%nsi*ere*- An all%,e* ran(e %+
parameter )ariati%n s/all be establis/e* +%r t/e installati%n %perati%n-
)*& riti'al layin( parameters s/all be *etermine* +%r t/e installati%n limit '%n*iti%n. see Se'-; >00 an*
Se'-10 F100-
)*2 %n+i(urati%n '%nsi*erati%ns +%r risers an* pipelines s/all als% be ma*e +%r %t/er installati%n an* repair
a'ti)ities. an* t/e all%,e* parameter )ariati%ns an* %peratin( limit '%n*iti%ns s/all be establis/e*-
)*: I+ t/e installati%n an* repair analyses +%r t/e submarine pipeline system s/%, t/at t/e re2uire*
parameters 'ann%t be %btaine* ,it/ t/e e2uipment t% be use*. t/e submarine pipeline system s/all be m%*i+ie*
a''%r*in(ly-
))* T/e +lattenin( *ue t% a permanent ben*in( 'ur)ature. t%(et/er ,it/ t/e %ut-%+-r%un*ness t%leran'es +r%m
+abri'ati%n %+ t/e pipe s/all meet t/e re2uirements *e+ine* in D1100-
H 4** 9i(e s%raigh%ness
4*) T/e primary re2uirement re(ar*in( permanent *e+%rmati%n *urin( '%nstru'ti%n. installati%n an* repair
is t/e resultin( strai(/tness %+ t/e pipeline- T/is s/all be *etermine* an* e)aluate* ,it/ *ue '%nsi*erati%ns %+
e++e'ts %n0
1 instability
1 p%siti%nin( %+ pipeline '%mp%nents e-(- )al)es an* Tee-G%ints
1 %perati%n-
4*4 T/e p%ssibility %+ instability *ue t% %ut %+ strai(/tness *urin( installati%n Ct,istin(4 an* t/e
'%rresp%n*in( '%nse2uen'e s/all be *etermine*-
4*8 I+ in-line assemblies are t% be installe* p%tential r%tati%n %+ t/e pipe *ue t% %ut %+ strai(/tness s/all be
'%ntr%lle* su'/ t/at t/e l%a* e++e'ts are a''eptable an* n% *ama(e t% t/e pipeline %r t/e in-line assembly %''urs.
an* p%siti%ne* %n t/e seabe* ,it/in *e+ine* limits-
4*4 T/e ab%)e e2uati%ns %nly '%nsi*er r%tati%n *ue t% resi*ual strain +r%m installati%n al%n( a strai(/t pat/-
Ot/er e++e'ts 'an als% (i)e r%tati%n C'ur)e* lay r%ute. e''entri' ,ei(/t. /y*r%*ynami' l%a*s. re*u'e* r%tati%nal
resistan'e *urin( pulls *ue t% lateral playIelasti'ity in tensi%nersIpa*sItra'&s et'-4 an* nee* t% be '%nsi*ere*-
4*# Instability *urin( %perati%n. *ue t% %ut %+ strai(/tness 'ause* by t/e installati%n met/%* an* t/e
'%rresp%n*in( '%nse2uen'es. s/all be *etermine*- Resi*ual stresses a++e'tin( present an* +uture %perati%ns an*
m%*i+i'ati%ns s/all als% be '%nsi*ere*-
4*5 T/e re2uirement +%r strai(/tness applies t% t/e assume* m%st un+a)%urable +un'ti%nal an* en)ir%nmental
l%a* '%n*iti%ns *urin( installati%n an* repair- T/is re2uirement als% applies t% se'ti%ns %+ a pipeline ,/ere t/e
strains are '%mpletely '%ntr%lle* by t/e 'ur)ature %+ a ri(i* ramp Ce-(- stin(er %n installati%n )essel4. ,/et/er
%r n%t en)ir%nmental l%a*s are a'tin( %n t/e pipe-
G'i"ance n!%eF
R%tati%n %+ t/e pipe ,it/in t/e tensi%ner 'lamps %+ t/e pipe *ue t% elasti'ity %+ t/e rubber an* sla'& s/all be in'lu*e*
in t/e e)aluati%n %+ t/e r%tati%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
H 8** Weigh% c!a%ing
8*) %n'rete 'rus/in( *ue t% e:'essi)e '%mpressi)e +%r'es +%r stati' '%n*iti%ns in t/e '%n'rete *urin(
ben*in( at t/e %)erben* is n%t a''eptable- See EH00 +%r t/ermal insulati%n-
!ec.3 Design " 8aterials ,ngineering - 0age 6&
SECT;ON 5
DES;GN - MATER;AS ENG;NEER;NG
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is se'ti%n pr%)i*es re2uirements an* re'%mmen*ati%ns t% t/e sele'ti%n %+ materials +%r submarine
pipeline systems an* t% t/e e:ternal an* internal '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l %+ su'/ systems- Als% '%)ere* is t/e
spe'i+i'ati%n %+ linepipe. pipeline '%mp%nents. '%atin(s an* 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n- Finally. (eneral
'%nsi*erati%ns +%r +abri'ati%n appli'able t% t/e *esi(n p/ase are a**resse*-
)*4 T/e purp%se %+ per+%rmin( materials sele'ti%n is t% assess t/e +easibility %+ *i++erent 'an*i*ate materials
Cin'lu*in( RANs4 t% meet +un'ti%nal re2uirements +%r linepipe an* +%r %t/er '%mp%nents %+ a pipeline system-
It may als% in'lu*e a '%st '%mparis%n bet,een 'an*i*ate materials. in'lu*in( t/e 'al'ulate* '%sts +%r %perati%n
an* any ass%'iate* ris& '%st Csee D<014- T/is a'ti)ity is (enerally 'arrie* %ut *urin( '%n'eptual *esi(n %+
A 4** A((lica%i!n
4*) T/is se'ti%n is appli'able t% t/e '%n'eptual an* *esi(n p/ases +%r submarine pipeline systems- It '%ntains
b%t/ n%rmati)e re2uirements an* in+%rmati%n- CSub-se'ti%ns '%ntainin( %nly in+%rmati)e te:t are in*i'ate*
QIn+%rmati)eN in /ea*in(4-
4*4 Fun'ti%nal re2uirements +%r materials an* manu+a'turin( pr%'e*ures +%r linepipe an* pipeline
'%mp%nents are '%ntaine* in Se'-< an* F. respe'ti)ely- 6anu+a'ture an* installati%n %+ systems +%r e:ternal
'%rr%si%n '%ntr%l is a**resse* in Se'-H- Se'-H als% '%ntains +un'ti%nal re2uirements t% any '%n'rete '%atin(-
8*) T/e %)erall re2uirement t% systemati' re)ie, in Se'-" ,ill +%r t/is se'ti%n imply0
1 I*enti+i'ati%n an* e)aluati%n %+ t/reats. t/e '%nse2uen'es %+ sin(le +ailures an* series %+ +ailures in t/e
pipeline system appli'able +%r t/e material sele'ti%n an* '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n p/il%s%p/y-
1 I*enti+i'ati%n an* e)aluati%n %+ nee*s +%r supplementary re2uirements *e+ine* in t/is stan*ar*-
1 I*enti+i'ati%n an* e)aluati%n %+ nee*s +%r supplementary re2uirements n%t a''%unte* +%r in t/is stan*ar*-
E-(- +%r RA materials. an* in parti'ular +%r line* an* 'la* pipes. it is p%ssible t/at pr%Ge't spe'i+i'
re2uirements an* *esi(n assumpti%ns lea* t% re2uirements an* te'/ni'al s%luti%ns t/at are n%t +ully
a''%unte* +%r in t/is stan*ar*-
1 Re)ie, %+ p%tential %ntra't%rs. e)aluati%n %+ t/eir 'apabilities an* i*enti+i'ati%n %+ spe'ial nee*s. e-(-
manu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n. te'/ni'al au*its. +%ll%,-up *urin( manu+a'turin(. et'-
A 4** D!c'$en%a%i!n
4*) T/e sele'ti%n %+ materials *urin( '%n'eptual an*I%r *etaile* *esi(n s/all be *%'umente*. pre+erably in a
S6aterials Sele'ti%n Rep%rtT. re+errin( t% t/e re2uirements an* re'%mmen*ati%ns in t/is se'ti%n. in'lu*in( use
%+ RAs. '%rr%si%n all%,an'e an* pr%)isi%ns +%r internal '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l- In t/e material sele'ti%n *%'ument
*esi(n premises +%r materials sele'ti%n s/%ul* be i*enti+ie*. ma&in( re+eren'e t% t/e *esi(n basis an* any %t/er
rele)ant pr%Ge't *%'uments. t%(et/er ,it/ t/e appli'able '%*es an* stan*ar*s-
4*4 Any re2uirements an* '%n*iti%ns %n pipeline +abri'ati%n an* %perati%nal pr%'e*ures use* as t/e basis +%r
materials sele'ti%n s/all be *uly /i(/-li(/te* in t/e *%'ument t% ensure t/at t/ey are a*e2uately trans+erre* int%
t/ese p/ases %+ t/e pipeline-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e internal '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l %+ pipelines 'arryin( p%tentially '%rr%si)e +lui*s base* %n '/emi'al treatment is mu'/
base* %n '%n*iti%ns +%r peri%*i' 'leanin(. '%rr%si%n m%nit%rin( an* inspe'ti%n %+ t/e inte(rity %+ t/e pipeline ,/i'/
are n%t al,ays *e+ine* in t/e pr%Ge't *esi(n basis an* nee* t% be )eri+ie* by t/e %perat%r %+ t/e pipeline-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*8 As a result %+ *esi(n a'ti)ities. spe'i+i'ati%ns %+ linepipe material. pipeline '%mp%nents Cin'lu*in( b%lts
an* nuts4. pipeline '%atin(s Cin'lu*in( +iel* G%int '%atin( an* any '%n'rete '%atin(4. an%*e manu+a'ture an*
installati%n s/all +urt/er be prepare* as separate *%'uments- 6%re%)er. t/e *esi(n *%'umentati%n s/all in'lu*e
a 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n *esi(n rep%rt-
!ec.3 Design " 8aterials ,ngineering - 0age 6'
3. Ma%erials Selec%i!n +!r ine(i(e an" 9i(eline C!$(!nen%s
3 )** General
)*) 6aterials +%r pipeline systems s/all be sele'te* ,it/ *ue '%nsi*erati%n %+ t/e +lui* t% be transp%rte*.
l%a*s. temperature an* p%ssible +ailure m%*es *urin( installati%n an* %perati%n- T/e sele'ti%n %+ materials s/all
ensure '%mpatibility %+ all '%mp%nents %+ t/e pipeline system- T/e +%ll%,in( material '/ara'teristi's s/all be
'%nsi*ere*0
1 me'/ani'al pr%perties
1 /ar*ness
1 +ra'ture t%u(/ness
1 +ati(ue resistan'e
1 ,el*ability
1 '%rr%si%n resistan'e-
)*4 6aterials sele'ti%n s/all in'lu*e i*enti+i'ati%n %+ t/e +%ll%,in( supplementary re2uirements +%r linepipe
(i)en in Se'-< I as re2uire*0
1 supplementary re2uirement S. H
"
S ser)i'e Csee !"004
1 supplementary re2uirement F. +ra'ture arrest pr%perties Csee !;0<4
1 supplementary re2uirement P. linepipe e:p%se* t% plasti' *e+%rmati%n e:'ee*in( t/e t/res/%l*s spe'i+ie*
in Table =-1" Csee !;0F an* ;0H4
1 supplementary re2uirement D. m%re strin(ent *imensi%nal re2uirements Csee !;0#4
1 supplementary re2uirement 8. in'rease* utilisati%n Csee !;104-
)*8 T/e me'/ani'al pr%perties. '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n. ,el*ability an* '%rr%si%n resistan'e %+ materials use*
in '%mp%nents s/all be '%mpatible ,it/ t/e part %+ t/e pipeline system ,/ere t/ey are l%'ate*- B%, internal
temperatures *ue t% system *epressurisati%n s/all be '%nsi*ere* *urin( t/e material sele'ti%n-
3 4** H
4
S ser-ice
4*) Pipelines t% r%ute +lui*s '%ntainin( /y*r%(en sulp/i*e CH
"
S4 s/all be e)aluate* +%r H
"
S ser)i'e Cals%
re+erre* t% as s%ur ser)i'e4 a''%r*in( t% ISO 1=1=>- F%r all pipeline '%mp%nents e:p%se* t% su'/ internal +lui*s.
materials s/all be sele'te* +%r '%mplian'e ,it/ t/is stan*ar*- F%r materials spe'i+ie* +%r H
"
S ser)i'e in
ISO 1=1=>. spe'i+i' /ar*ness re2uirements al,ays apply- T/ese are appli'able b%t/ t% manu+a'ture* materials
as-*eli)ere* a+ter manu+a'ture an* a+ter +abri'ati%n Ce-(- ,el*in(4- F%r 'ertain materials. restri'ti%ns +%r
manu+a'ture Ce-(- /eat treatment4 an* +abri'ati%n Ce-(- '%l* +%rmin(4 apply4-
4*4 Any materials t% be use* t/at are n%t '%)ere* by ISO 1=1=> Ce-(- -6n an* l%, all%y steels ,it/
S6RS _ ;=0 6Pa. 1#r martensiti' stainless steels4. s/all be 2uali+ie* a''%r*in( t% t/e sai* stan*ar*- T/e
same applies i+ a material spe'i+ie* +%r H
"
S ser)i'e is t% be use* bey%n* t/e '%n*iti%ns spe'i+ie* Ce-(- ma:-
/ar*ness4- In a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1=1=>-"I#. t/e pipeline %perat%r s/all )eri+y an* retain t/e 2uali+i'ati%n
re'%r*s in 'ase t/e testin( ,as initiate* by a '%ntra't%r %r supplier-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Pur'/aser may '%nsi*er t% spe'i+y SS testin( %+ material (ra*es meetin( all re2uirements +%r H
"
S ser)i'e in ISO
1=1=> as a part %+ a pr%(ram +%r pre-2uali+i'ati%n %+ linepipe manu+a'turin( %r pipeline installati%n pr%'e*ures- F%r
su'/ testin(. t/e met/%*s an* a''eptan'e 'riteria in ISO 1=1=>-"I# apply-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*8 ISO 1=1=>. Se'-1. states t/at t/e stan*ar* is %nly appli'able St% t/e 2uali+i'ati%n an* sele'ti%n %+
materials +%r e2uipment *esi(ne* an* '%nstru'te* usin( '%n)enti%nal elasti' *esi(n 'riteriaT- Any *etrimental
e++e'ts %+ in*u'e* l%a*in( ,ill %nly apply i+ t/ese are imp%se* *urin( e:p%sure t% an H
"
S-'%ntainin(
en)ir%nment- ISO 1=1=> is t/us n%t re2uire* t% be +ul+ille* i+ H
"
S is n%t present Ce-(- +%r manu+a'ture an*
installati%n %+ pipelines4- Any restri'ti%ns +%r ma:imum all%,able strain *urin( %perati%n are bey%n* t/e s'%pe
%+ t/is stan*ar*-
4*4 Supplementary re2uirements t% H
"
S ser)i'e in t/is stan*ar* are (i)en in Se'-< I100 an* Se'-F >00-
3 8** C!rr!si!n resis%an% all!7s .in+!r$a%i-e/
8*) Type 1#r martensiti' stainless steels Ci-e- pr%prietary all%ys *e)el%pe* +%r %ilI(as pipelines4 are
(enerally '%nsi*ere* +ully resistant t% O
"
-'%rr%si%n. pr%)i*e* ,el*s /a)e a*e2uate P@HT- ""r an* "=r
*uple: stainless steel an* austeniti' RAs are als% +ully resistant an* *% n%t re2uire P@HT- Duple: C+erriti'-
austeniti'4 an* martensiti' stainless steels may be less t%lerant t/an -6n steel t% ,ell stimulati%n a'i*s-
%rr%si%n in/ibit%rs +%r su'/ a'i*s *e)el%pe* +%r -6n steels may n%t be e++e'ti)e +%r RAs-
8*4 8n*er '%n*iti%ns ,/en ,ater. %:y(en an* '/l%ri*e 'an be present in t/e +lui*. e-(- ,ater inGe'ti%n.
stainless steels 'an be sus'eptible t% l%'alise* '%rr%si%n- Hen'e. t/e '%rr%si%n resistan'e s/all be '%nsi*ere*
+%r ea'/ spe'i+i' appli'ati%n- F%r spe'ial appli'ati%ns. '%rr%si%n testin( s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere* t% 2uali+y t/e
material +%r t/e inten*e* use-
!ec.3 Design " 8aterials ,ngineering - 0age 61
8*8 All%y >"= C8NS N0>>"=4 is (enerally '%nsi*ere* immune t% ambient temperature sea,ater- Als% type
"=r *uple: Ce-(- 8NS S#"<=0IS#"<>04 are (enerally resistant t% ambient temperature sea,ater but re2uire
m%re strin(ent '%ntr%l %+ mi'r%stru'ture in base material an* ,el*. '%nse2uently '%rr%si%n testin( are %+ten
in'lu*e* +%r t/e 2uali+i'ati%n %+ manu+a'turin( an* +abri'ati%n pr%'e*ures %+ t/ese materials- Type ""r
*uple:. AISI #1> an* All%y F"= C8NS N0FF"=4 are n%t resistant t% '%rr%si%n by ra, sea,ater but are
appli'able +%r '%mp%nents e:p%se* t% treate* sea,ater C*e%:y(enate* t% ma:- 10 ppb an* ma:- 100 ppb as ma:
m%nt/ly an* *aily resi*ual '%n'entrati%ns %+ %:y(en4- F%r t/e latter materials. '%rr%si%n testin( is n%t n%rmally
in'lu*e* in spe'i+i'ati%ns +%r manu+a'ture an* +abri'ati%n-
8*4 Duple: an* martensiti' stainless steel linepipe an* pipeline '%mp%nents re2uire spe'ial '%nsi*erati%ns
%+ t/e sus'eptibility %+ en)ir%nmentally assiste* 'ra'&in(. primarily CHIS4. see D=0"-
G'i"ance n!%eF
In parti'ular '%n'erns %+ HIS apply t% material subGe'te* t% plasti' strainin( *urin( installati%n. '%mmissi%nin( Cin
parti'ular pressure testin(4 an* %perati%n ,it/ 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n applie*- P@HT is &n%,n t% re*u'e t/e HIS
sus'eptibility %+ ,el*s +%r 1#r martensiti' stainless steel- Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r *uple: stainless steel an* HIS
*esi(n is (i)en in DNV-RP-F11"-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*# In a**iti%n t% resistan'e t% internal '%rr%si%n an* en)ir%nmentally assiste* 'ra'&in(. t/e +%ll%,in( maG%r
parameters s/all be '%nsi*ere*0
1 me'/ani'al pr%perties
1 ease %+ +abri'ati%n. parti'ularly ,el*ability-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Pr%'urement '%n*iti%ns su'/ as a)ailability. lea* times an* '%sts s/%ul* als% be '%nsi*ere*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
3 4** ine(i(e .in+!r$a%i-e/
4*) A''eptan'e 'riteria an* inspe'ti%n re2uirements +%r linepipe. in'lu*in( pipe mill manu+a'turin( ,el*s.
are (i)en in Se'-<. ,it/ supplementary re2uirements spe'i+ie* in Sub-se'ti%n I- A**iti%nal in+%rmati%n.
rele)ant +%r t/e sele'ti%n an* spe'i+i'ati%n %+ linepipe is pr%)i*e* bel%,-
3niform elongation
4*4 8ni+%rm el%n(ati%n ,ill in many 'ases be m%re rele)ant t/an el%n(ati%n-at-brea&- 8ni+%rm el%n(ati%n
is t/e plasti' *e+%rmati%n t/at ta&es pla'e be+%re ne'&in( starts- @it/ in+%rmati%n %+ t/e uni+%rm el%n(ati%n +%r
a material it ,ill be p%ssible t% m%re a''urately *etermine /%, mu'/ sa+ety mar(in is in a stru'ture-
T/e uni+%rm el%n(ati%n 'an be *etermine* by ta&in( t/e t%tal *e+%rmati%n at ma:imum l%a* Ci-e- t/e /i(/est
p%int %+ t/e stress-strain 'ur)e4 an* subtra'tin( t/e elasti' *e+%rmati%n Ci-e- *ra, a line parallel t% t/e initial
l%a*in( 'ur)e *%,n +r%m t/e /i(/ p%int4-
imensional tolerances
4*8 T/e m%st pr%minent bene+it %+ spe'i+yin( Supplementary re2uirement D is t/e ease* +it-up pri%r t%
,el*in(- Impr%)e* +it-up implies re*u'e* stress '%n'entrati%ns an* impr%)e* stru'tural inte(rity- T/e
t%leran'es spe'i+ie* in Se'-< I;00 are '%nsi*ere* t% be in t/e upperm%st ran(e %+ ,/at may be a'/ie)e* by
reputable pipe mills- Stri'ter t%leran'es an* a**iti%nal re2uirements su'/ as e-(- pipe e''entri'ity may be
spe'i+ie* +%r +urt/er impr%)ements. but may be '%stly as ma'/inin( may be re2uire*- Supplementary
re2uirement D is als% bene+i'ial ,/en t/e pipe is e:p%se* t% /i(/ plasti' strainin( *ue t% re*u'e* p%ssibility
+%r l%'al bu'&lin( Cre*u'e* ,all t/i'&ness *i++eren'e bet,een t,% a*G%inin( pipes4-
%orrosion testing of the %R) material of clad or lined linepipe
4*4 F%r All%y >"= C8NS N0>>"=4 'la* %r line* pipe spe'i+ie* t% be sea,ater resistant. testin( a''%r*in( t%
AST6 3;F. 6et/%* A. s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere*. ,it/ a''eptan'e 'riteria as +%r "=r *uple:. see Se'-< ;0H-
Gripping force of lined linepipe
4*# T/e (rippin( +%r'e Csee Se'-< D=104 s/%ul* be *etermine* ,it/ *ue '%nsi*erati%n %+ t/e pr%Ge't
re2uirements. espe'ially t/e le)el %+ installati%n an* %perati%nal ben*in( stresses- I+ n% parti'ular re2uirements
are i*enti+ie*. t/e re2uirement s/%ul* be base* %n t/e (rippin( +%r'e %btaine* *urin( 6P5T-
'nfluence of coating application on mechanical properties
4*5 Pipe tensile pr%perties may be a++e'te* by /i(/ temperature *urin( '%atin( appli'ati%n- Durin( pipe
'%atin(. in'lu*in( +iel* '%atin(. t/e pipes mi(/t be e:p%se* t% temperatures up t% appr%:imately "=0]- F%r
T6P pr%'esse* pipes an* '%l* +%rme* pipes n%t subGe'te* t% +urt/er /eat treatment me'/ani'al pr%perties
may '/an(e *ue t% strain a(in(. 'ausin( e-(- in'rease* yiel* stress- T/is may +urt/er a++e't t/e 'riti'al *e+e't
siJe '%nsi*erably i+ t/e pipe is straine* ab%)e t/e yiel* stress-
&racture arrest properties
4*& Supplementary re2uirements t% +ra'ture arrest pr%perties CF4 are (i)en in Se'-< I"00 an* are )ali* +%r (as
pipelines 'arryin( essentially pure met/ane up t% F0L usa(e +a't%r. up t% a pressure %+ 1= 6Pa. #0 mm ,all
t/i'&ness an* 11"0 mm *iameter-
F%r '%n*iti%ns %utsi*e t/e ab%)e limitati%ns t/e re2uire* +ra'ture arrest pr%perties s/%ul* be base* %n
'al'ulati%ns ,/i'/ re+le't t/e a'tual '%n*iti%ns %r %n +ull-s'ale tests- T/e +ra'ture t%u(/ness re2uire* t% arrest
+ra'ture pr%pa(ati%n +%r ri'/ (as. i-e- (as mi:tures t/at enter t/e t,%-p/ase state *urin( *e'%mpressi%n 'an be
mu'/ /i(/er t/an +%r essentially pure met/ane-
al'ulati%ns s/%ul* be 'arrie* %ut by use %+ t/e !attelle T,% ur)e 6et/%* CT64 an* t/e appr%priate
'%rre'ti%n +a't%r +%r 'al'ulate* re2uire* /arpy )alues H= 7- It is str%n(ly re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e !attelle
T6 is 'alibrate* by use %+ *ata +r%m +ull-s'ale test ,/i'/ are as 'l%se as p%ssible t% t/e a'tual pipeline
'%n*iti%ns ,it/ re(ar* t% (as pressure. pipeline *imensi%ns an* (as '%mp%siti%n- Alt/%u(/ t/e !attelle T6
is base* %n p/ysi'al m%*els %+ t/e spee* %+ 'ra'& pr%pa(ati%n an* t/e spee* %+ *e'%mpressi%n. it in'lu*es
'%nstants t/at are base* %n +ittin( *ata an* 'al'ulati%ns ,it/in a limite* ran(e %+ test '%n*iti%ns-
Reeling of longitudinally welded pipes and clad pipes
4*2 Due t% t/e limite* +iel* e:perien'e. spe'ial '%nsi*erati%ns s/%ul* be ma*e +%r l%n(itu*inally ,el*e*
pipes t% ensure t/at b%t/ t/e l%n(itu*inal ,el*. /eat a++e'te* J%ne an* base material %+ su'/ pipes are +it +%r
inten*e* use a+ter si(ni+i'ant strainin(-
4*: It is re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e ,el* metal stren(t/ %+ t/e pipe l%n(itu*inal ,el* %)ermat'/es t/e stren(t/
%+ t/e base material- It is +urt/er re'%mmen*e* t% /a)e a limite* 'ap rein+%r'ement %+ t/e l%n(itu*inal ,el* in
%r*er t% a)%i* strain '%n'entrati%ns-
Supplementary re*uirement 3 ( 8ualification in retrospect
4)* T/e Pur'/aser may in retr%spe't up(ra*e a pipe *eli)ery t% be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Supplementary
re2uirement 8 Cre2uirements t% me'/ani'al testin( are (i)en in Se'-<. I=004- In 'ase %+ m%re t/an =0 test units
it must be *em%nstrate* t/at t/e a'tual a)era(e yiel* stress is at least t,% C"-04 stan*ar* *e)iati%ns ab%)e
S6RS- I+ t/e number %+ test units is bet,een 10 an* "0. t/e a'tual a)era(e yiel* stress s/%ul* as a minimum
be "-# stan*ar* *e)iati%ns ab%)e S6RS. an* "-1 i+ t/e number %+ test units are bet,een "1 an* =0- It is n%t
all%,e* t% up(ra*e t/e S6RS re+le'tin( t/e ne:t material (ra*e-
3 #** 9i(eline c!$(!nen%s .in+!r$a%i-e/
#*) 6aterials +%r '%mp%nents s/%ul* be sele'te* t% '%mply ,it/ internati%nally re'%(nise* stan*ar*s
meetin( t/e re2uirements (i)en in Se'-< an* Se'-F- 6%*i+i'ati%n %+ t/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n (i)en in su'/
stan*ar*s may be ne'essary t% %btain a su++i'ient '%mbinati%n %+ ,el*ability. /ar*enability. stren(t/. *u'tility.
t%u(/ness an* '%rr%si%n resistan'e-
#*4 A '%mp%nent s/%ul* be +%r(e* rat/er t/an 'ast ,/ene)er a +a)%urable (rain +l%, pattern. a ma:imum
*e(ree %+ /%m%(eneity. an* t/e absen'e %+ internal +la,s are %+ imp%rtan'e-
#*8 F%r '%mp%nent material *eli)ere* in t/e 2uen'/e* an* tempere* '%n*iti%n. t/e temperin( temperature
s/%ul* be su++i'iently /i(/ t% all%, e++e'ti)e p%st ,el* /eat treatment *urin( later manu+a'ture I installati%n-
T/e minimum temperin( temperature s/%ul*. i+ l%,er t/an >10]. be spe'i+ie* by t/e pur'/aser-
I+ ,el*s bet,een t/e '%mp%nent an* %t/er items su'/ as linepipe are t% be p%st ,el* /eat treate* at a later sta(e.
%r i+ any %t/er /eat treatment is inten*e*. a simulate* /eat treatment %+ t/e test pie'e s/%ul*. i+ re2uire*. be
spe'i+ie* by t/e pur'/aser-
#*4 I+ t/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n an* t/e *eli)ery '%n*iti%n %+ '%mp%nents re2uire 2uali+i'ati%n %+ a spe'i+i'
,el*in( pr%'e*ure +%r ,el*in( %+ t/e G%int bet,een t/e '%mp%nent an* t/e '%nne'tin( linepipe. t/en t/e '%mp%nent
s/%ul* be +itte* ,it/ pup pie'es %+ t/e linepipe material in %r*er t% a)%i* +iel* ,el*in( %+ t/ese '%mp%nents-
Alternati)ely. rin(s %+ t/e '%mp%nent material s/%ul* be pr%)i*e* +%r ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e
+iel* ,el*-
#*# Parti'ular '%nsi*erati%n s/%ul* be (i)en t% t/e suitability %+ elast%mers an* p%lymers +%r use in t/e
spe'i+i' appli'ati%n an* ser)i'e '%n*iti%ns-
3 5** 3!l%s an" n'%s
5*) F%r sele'ti%n %+ b%ltin( materials. see Se'-F =00. plus !>0# an* !>0; %+ t/is Se'ti%n-
5*4 @/en b%lts an* nuts s/all be use* at ele)ate* temperature stren(t/ *e-ratin( s/all be applie*. see Se'-=
#00- See als% (ui*an'e n%te in Se'-F =0"-
5*8 Stainless steel a''%r*in( t% AST6 A1H#IAST6 A#"0 (ra*e !F6 Ctype AISI #1>4 is appli'able but
re2uires e++i'ient 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n +%r subsea use- 8NS N0>>"= %r %t/er Ni-base* s%luti%n /ar*enin( all%ys
,it/ e2ui)alent %r /i(/er PRE are appli'able as subsea b%ltin( material ,it/%ut 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n- T/ese
b%lts s/all %nly be use* in t/e s%luti%n anneale* '%n*iti%n CAST6 !;;>4 %r '%l*-,%r&e* t% S6RS <"0 6Pa
ma:imum- Restri'ti%ns +%r H"S ser)i'e a''%r*in( t% ISO 1=1=> s/all apply ,/en appli'able-
5*4 T% restri't *ama(e by HIS +%r l%, all%y an* 'arb%n steels. t/e /ar*ness +%r any b%lts an* nuts t% re'ei)e
'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n s/all n%t e:'ee* #= HR %r #=0 HV. as spe'i+ie* +%r t/e stan*ar* (ra*es in Se'-F. Table F-
#- T/e same restri'ti%n s/all apply +%r s%luti%n anneale* %r '%l*-,%r&e* type AISI #1> austeniti' stainless steel
an* any %t/er '%l*-,%r&e* austeniti' all%ys- Pre'ipitati%n /ar*enin( Fe-%r Ni-base all%ys. *uple: an*
martensiti' stainless steels s/%ul* n%t be spe'i+ie* as b%ltin( material i+ subGe't t% 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n- F%r
'erti+i'ati%n an* tra'eability %+ b%lts. see ;00-
5*# Any '%atin( %+ b%lts an* nuts s/all be sele'te* ,it/ *ue '%nsi*erati%ns %+ /%, su'/ '%atin(s a++e't
tensi%nin( an* as-installe* pr%perties-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Uin' '%atin(. p/%sp/atisin( an* ep%:y base* '%atin(s are appli'ableO /%,e)er. t/ere /a)e been '%n'erns t/at /%t-*ip
Jin' '%atin( may 'ause l%ss %+ b%lt tensi%nin( an* t/at p%lymeri' '%atin(s may pre)ent e++i'ient 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n
by ele'tri'ally insulatin( t/e b%lt +r%m a 'at/%*i'ally pr%te'te* sur+a'e- PTFE '%atin(s /a)e l%, +ri'ti%n '%e++i'ient
an* t/e t%r2ue /as t% be applie* a''%r*in(ly-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
3 &** Wel"ing c!ns'$a6les .in+!r$a%i-e/
Girth welds
&*) Re2uirements t% ,el*in( are '%)ere* in Appen*i: - Re2uirements t/at are spe'i+i' +%r pipeline
installati%n ,el*in( are (i)en in Se'-10- !el%, is pr%)i*e* (ui*an'e re(ar*in( t/e in+luen'e %+ ,el* metal
stren(t/ %n all%,able *e+e't siJe as *etermine* by EA Ci+ appli'able4-
&*4 T/e re2uirement +%r ,el*s t% /a)e stren(t/ le)el e2ual t% %r /i(/er t/an C%)ermat'/in( pr%perties4 t/e
base material is t% minimise *e+%rmati%n in t/e area a*Ga'ent t% any p%ssible *e+e'ts-
&*8 F%r pipes e:p%se* t% (l%bal yiel*in(. i-e- ,/en (irt/ ,el*s are e:p%se* t% strain
l.n%m
0-;L. it is
re2uire* t% per+%rm an EA a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: A- T/e EA (enerally re2uires t/at t/e ,el* metal yiel*
stress is mat'/in( %r %)ermat'/in( t/e l%n(itu*inal yiel* stress %+ t/e pipe- An EA in)%l)in( un*ermat'/in(
,el* metal ,ill re2uire spe'ial '%nsi*erati%ns. see Appen*i: A-
Temperature effects
&*4 It must be n%te* t/at t/e re*u'ti%n in yiel* stress at ele)ate* temperature may be /i(/er +%r t/e ,el*
metal t/an t/e base material- Hen'e. un*ermat'/in( may be e:perien'e* +%r /i(/ %perati%n temperatures Ce-(-
sna&in( s'enari%4- T/is is parti'ularly rele)ant ,/en ,el*in( 'la* %r line* linepipe- @/ene)er su'/ situati%ns
%''ur. it ,ill be re2uire* t% per+%rm trans)erse all ,el* tensile testin( %+ t/e ,el* metal an* +ra'ture t%u(/ness
testin( at t/e rele)ant temperature-
C. Ma%erials S(eci+ica%i!n
C )** General
)*) Re2uirements t% t/e manu+a'ture %+ linepipe an* pipeline '%mp%nents are '%)ere* in Se'-< an* Se'-F.
respe'ti)ely- T/is in'lu*es re2uirements t% all rele)ant manu+a'turin( steps +r%m steel ma&in( t% *ispat'/ +r%m
t/e pipe mill %r '%mp%nent manu+a'turin( +a'ility. but e:'lu*in( any permanent e:ternalIinternal '%atin(-
C 4** ine(i(e s(eci+ica%i!n
4*) A spe'i+i'ati%n re+le'tin( t/e results %+ t/e materials sele'ti%n a''%r*in( t% t/is se'ti%n an* re+errin( t%
Se'-<. s/all be prepare* by t/e Pur'/aser- T/e spe'i+i'ati%n s/all state any %pti%ns. a**iti%nal re2uirements t%
an*I%r *e)iati%ns +r%m t/is stan*ar* pertainin( t% materials. manu+a'ture. +abri'ati%n an* testin( %+ linepipe-
4*4 T/e material spe'i+i'ati%n may be a 6aterial Data S/eet re+errin( t% t/is stan*ar*-
4*8 T/e materials spe'i+i'ati%n s/all as a minimum in'lu*e t/e +%ll%,in( Cas appli'able40
1 2uantity Ce-(-. t%tal mass %r t%tal len(t/ %+ pipe4
1 manu+a'turin( pr%'ess Csee Se'-< A;004
1 type %+ pipe Csee Se'-< A"014
1 S6RS
1 i+ t/e strain a(ein( e++e't a'/ie)e* *urin( e:ternal '%atin( s/%ul* be a**resse* Csee !;0>4
1 %utsi*e %r insi*e *iameter
1 ,all t/i'&ness
1 ,all t/i'&ness t%leran'es Csee Se'-; 310< an* Table <-1F I <-">4-
1 ,/et/er *ata %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness )ariati%n Ct
ma:
an* t
min
4 %r t/e stan*ar* *e)iati%n in ,all t/i'&ness
)ariati%n s/all be supplie* t% +a'ilitate (irt/ ,el*s A8T Csee App-E. !10<4
1 len(t/ an* type %+ len(t/ Cran*%m %r appr%:imate4
1 appli'ati%n %+ supplementary re2uirements CS. F. P. D %r 84. see !10" an* !10#
1 *eli)ery '%n*iti%n Csee Se'-<. Table <-1 an* H"004
1 minimum *esi(n temperature
1 ran(e %+ siJin( rati% +%r '%l*-e:pan*e* pipe
1 '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n +%r ,all t/i'&ness _ "= mm Cappli'able t% -6n steel pipe ,it/ *eli)ery '%n*iti%n
N %r 54
1 '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n +%r ,all t/i'&ness _ #= mm Cappli'able t% -6n steel pipe ,it/ *eli)ery '%n*iti%n 64
1 i+ a**iti%nal tensile testin( in t/e l%n(itu*inal *ire'ti%n ,it/ stress strain 'ur)es s/all be per+%rme*
1 pr%*u'ti%n tensile testin( %+ base material at ele)ate* temperatures is n%t re2uire* by t/is stan*ar*.
/%,e)er. i+ t/is is re2ueste* by Pur'/aser. temperature Ce-(- ma:imum *esi(n temperature4. a''eptan'e
'riteria an* test +re2uen'y s/all be *e+ine*
1 VN test temperature +%r ,all t/i'&ness _ ;0 mm
1 linerI'la**in( material C8NS number4
1 me'/ani'al an* '%rr%si%n pr%perties %+ linerI'la**in( material
1 StypeT %+ seal ,el* +%r line* linepipe
1 t/i'&ness %+ 'arrier pipe an* linerI'la**in( material
1 any pr%Ge't spe'i+i' re2uirements t% (rippin( +%r'e %+ line* linepipe
1 i+ t/e ultras%ni'ally laminati%n '/e'&e* J%ne at t/e pipe en*s s/all be ,i*er t/an =0 mm
1 i+ *iameter at pipe en*s s/all be measure* as ID %r D
1 i+ pipes s/all be supplie* ,it/ %t/er t/an s2uare 'ut en*s Csee Se'-< !##>4
1 i+ 'riteria +%r re*u'e* /y*r%stati' test pressure. as (i)en in Se'-< E10=. is +ul+ille*. an* i+ it may be applie*
1 i+ t/e %utsi*e ,el* bea* s/all be (r%un* +lus/ at least "=0 mm +r%m ea'/ pipe en* t% +a'ilitate (irt/ ,el*s
A8T Csee Se'-< !##F4
1 i+ insi*e ma'/inin( %+ pipe en*s is appli'able. an* t/e *istan'e +r%m pipe en* t% tapere* p%rti%n Csee Se'-<
!##H. an* App-E !10F4
1 i+ pipes s/all be supplie* ,it/ be)el pr%te't%rs. an* in 'ase %+ ,/at type Csee Se'-< H#004
1 i+ ,el*ability testin( is re2uire*
1 i+ 2uali+i'ati%n testin( s/all be '%n*u'te* a+ter t/e pipe material /as been /eate* t% t/e e:pe'te* '%atin(
temperature ,/en +usi%n b%n*e* ep%:y is use* Csee !;0> an* !;0<4
1 appli'ati%n %+ t/e alternati)e ,el* 'ap /ar*ness %+ -6n steel pipe a''%r*in( t% supplementary
re2uirement S Csee Se'-< I10<4
1 i+ SS testin( s/all be per+%rme* *urin( 6P5T +%r pipes '%n+%rmin( t% supplementary re2uirement S
1 i+ supplementary re2uirement P apply. t/e rele)ant strainin( +%r t/e installati%n pr%'ess. p%ssible '%rre'ti)e
a'ti%ns Ce-(- Sreel %n an* reel %++ t,i'eT4 an* p%st installati%n '%n*iti%nsI%perati%ns intr%*u'in( plasti'
*e+%rmati%n s/all be spe'i+ie*-
C 8** C!$(!nen%s s(eci+ica%i!n
8*) A spe'i+i'ati%n re+le'tin( t/e results %+ t/e materials sele'ti%n a''%r*in( t% t/is se'ti%n an* t/e pressure
test p/il%s%p/y in Se'-= !"00 an* re+errin( t% Se'-F. s/all be prepare* by t/e Pur'/aser- T/e spe'i+i'ati%n s/all
state any %pti%ns. a**iti%nal re2uirements t% an*I%r *e)iati%ns +r%m t/is stan*ar* pertainin( t% materials.
manu+a'ture. +abri'ati%n an* testin( %+ t/e '%mp%nents-
8*4 T/e materials spe'i+i'ati%n s/all as a minimum in'lu*e t/e +%ll%,in( Cas appli'able40
1 2uantity Ci-e t/e t%tal number %+ '%mp%nents %+ ea'/ type an* siJe4
1 *esi(n stan*ar*
1 re2uire* *esi(n li+e
1 material type. *eli)ery '%n*iti%n. '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n an* me'/ani'al pr%perties at *esi(n temperature
1 n%minal *iameters. D %r ID. %ut %+ r%un*ness an* ,all t/i'&ness +%r a*G%inin( pipes in'lu*in( re2uire*
t%leran'es
1 ben* ra*ius. see Se'-F !#1#
1 type %+ '%mp%nent. pi((able %r n%t pi((able
1 (au(in( re2uirements. see Se'-10 I"10
1 minimum *esi(n temperature Cl%'al4
1 ma:imum *esi(n temperature Cl%'al4
1 *esi(n pressure Cl%'al4
1 ,ater *ept/
1 pipeline %peratin( '%n*iti%ns in'lu*in( +lui* '/ara'teristi's
1 *etails %+ +iel* en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns
1 e:ternal l%a*s an* m%ments t/at ,ill be trans+erre* t% t/e '%mp%nent +r%m t/e '%nne'tin( pipeline un*er
installati%n an* %perati%n an* any en)ir%nmental l%a*s
1 +un'ti%nal re2uirements
1 material spe'i+i'ati%n in'lu*in(. material type. *eli)ery '%n*iti%n. '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n an* me'/ani'al
pr%perties at *esi(n temperature
1 re2uire* testin(
1 re2uire* ,el* %)erlay. '%rr%si%n resistant %r /ar*+a'in(
1 i+ pup pie'es %+ t/e linepipe material s/all be +itte*
1 '%atin(Ipaintin( re2uirements-
C 4** S(eci+ica%i!n !+ 6!l%s an" n'%s
4*) -!%lts an* nuts s/all be supplie* ,it/ 'erti+i'ates t% EN 10"0; Type #-1 %r ISO 10;<; type #-1-!- !%lts
an* nuts +%r pressure '%ntainin( appli'ati%ns s/all be mar&e* +%r tra'eability t% su'/ 'erti+i'ates- Trans+ers %+
test results %btaine* by spe'i+i' inspe'ti%n %n primary %r in'%min( pr%*u'ts s/all n%t be a''eptable +%r
me'/ani'al pr%perties- Fasteners %ri(inatin( +r%m *i++erent manu+a'turin( l%ts s/all n%t be '%mmin(le*-
4*4 !%lts an* nuts +%r pressure '%ntainin( an* main stru'tural appli'ati%ns s/%ul* be spe'i+ie* t% /a)e r%lle*
t/rea*s-
4*8 Any '%atin( %+ b%lts s/all be spe'i+ie* in t/e pur'/ase *%'ument +%r b%ltin(-
G'i"ance n!%eF
!%lts t% be installe* '%ntinu%usly submer(e* in sea,ater s/all be *esi(ne* t% re'ei)e 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n an* *% n%t
nee* any '%atin( +%r '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l- Re+eren'e is ma*e t% !>00 +%r m%re in+%rmati%n re(ar*in( use %+ b%lts an*
nuts e:p%se* t% 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n- F%r b%lts t% be e:p%se* in splas/ J%ne %r atm%sp/eri' J%ne '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti)e
'%atin( may be '%nsi*ere*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
C #** C!a%ing s(eci+ica%i!n
#*) As a part %+ *etaile* *esi(n. pr%Ge't spe'i+i' re2uirements t% as-applie* '%atin( pr%perties an* t% 2uality
'%ntr%l %+ t/e manu+a'ture %+ '%atin( materials an* %+ '%atin( appli'ati%n Cin'lu*in( '%atin( +%r risers. see
D>004 s/all be *e+ine* in a pur'/ase spe'i+i'ati%n-
#*4 T/e spe'i+i'ati%n %+ linepipe '%atin(. +iel* G%int '%atin( an* any ,ei(/t '%atin( s/all in'lu*e
re2uirements t% t/e 2uali+i'ati%n %+ '%atin( materials. '%atin( appli'ati%n an* repair pr%'e*ures. *imensi%ns
%+ t/e linepipe 'ut-ba'& Cin'lu*in( t%leran'es4 an* t% *%'umentati%n %+ inspe'ti%n an* testin(-
G'i"ance n!%eF
ut-ba'&s s/all be *e+ine* t% a''%mm%*ate any A8T e2uipment-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*8 F%r spe'i+i' linepipe an* +iel* G%int '%atin( systems t/e minimum re2uirements in ISO "1F0H Cpart 1-#4
s/all apply ,it/ s%me a**iti%nal re2uirements (i)en in Se'-H ! in t/is DNV stan*ar*- F%r '%n'rete '%atin( t/e
minimum re2uirements in ISO "1F0H-= s/all apply ,it/ a**iti%nal re2uirements (i)en in Se'-H in t/is DNV
stan*ar*-
#*4 Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r appli'ati%n %+ linepipe an* +iel* G%int '%atin( systems Cs%me a**iti%nal
systems t% t/%se *e+ine* in ISO "1F0H4 are (i)en in DNV-RP-F10> an* DNV-RP-F10"-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/ese RPs '%mply ,it/ an* re+ers t% ISO "1F0H an* (i)e s%me a**iti%nal re2uirements an* (ui*an'e t% '%atin(
*esi(n an* 2uality '%ntr%l %+ appli'ati%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
C 5** Gal-anic an!"e s(eci+ica%i!n
5*) As a part %+ *esi(n. spe'i+i'ati%ns +%r manu+a'ture an* installati%n %+ (al)ani' an%*es s/all be prepare*-
T/ese *%'uments s/all *e+ine re2uirements t% materials. pr%perties %+ an%*es an* an%*e +astenin( Cin'lu*in(
any spe'ial pr%)isi%ns +%r ele'tri'al '%ntinuity4. an* ass%'iate* 2uality '%ntr%l- Detaile* re2uirements are (i)en
in Se'-H-
C &** C!ncre%e c!a%ing s(eci+ica%i!n
&*) I+ '%n'rete '%atin( is appli'able. pr%Ge't spe'i+i' re2uirements t% '%n'rete '%atin( s/all be *e+ine* in a
pur'/aser spe'i+i'ati%n as part %+ *etail *esi(n- ISO "1F0H-= (i)es re2uirements t% in+%rmati%n t/at s/all be
supplie* by t/e pur'/aser an* a**iti%nal re2uirement (i)en in <0"-<0# s/all be in'lu*e*- Re2uirements t%
materials an* '%n'rete '%atin( appli'ati%n are spe'i+ie* in Se'-H-
&*4 T/e am%unt %+ rein+%r'ement s/all be *esi(ne* +%r t/e spe'i+i' pr%Ge'tO i-e- ta&e int% a''%unt t/e a'tual
installati%n. layin( an* %perati%n '%n*iti%ns +%r t/e pipeline- T/e per'enta(e %+ rein+%r'ement spe'i+ie* in
Se'-H s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere* as abs%lute minimum am%unts-
&*8 6inimum s/ear resistan'e 'apa'ity bet,een '%n'rete '%atin( an* '%rr%si%n '%atin( s/all be spe'i+ie* by
t/e %++s/%re layin( '%ntra't%r an* in'lu*e* in t/e '%n'rete '%atin( spe'i+i'ati%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
F%r '%al tar asp/altI'%al tar enamel linepipe '%atin( t/e e++e't %+ %peratin( temperature C_;0]4 %n s/ear stren(t/
'apa'ity s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere* t% pre)ent a:ial sli*in( %+ pipeline insi*e '%n'rete '%atin(-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
D. C!rr!si!n C!n%r!l
D )** General
)*) All '%mp%nents %+ a pipeline system s/all /a)e a*e2uate '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l b%t/ e:ternally an* internally
t% a)%i* +ailures 'ause* %r initiate* by '%rr%si%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Any '%rr%si%n *ama(e may ta&e t/e +%rm %+ a m%re %r less uni+%rm re*u'ti%n %+ pipe ,all t/i'&ness. but s'attere*
pittin( an* (r%%)in( '%rr%si%n %riente* l%n(itu*inally %r trans)ersally t% t/e pipe a:is is m%re typi'al- Stress '%rr%si%n
'ra'&in( is an%t/er +%rm %+ *ama(e- 8ni+%rm '%rr%si%n an* '%rr%si%n (r%%)in( may intera't ,it/ internal pressure %r
e:ternal %perati%nal l%a*s. 'ausin( rupture by plasti' '%llapse %r brittle +ra'ture- Dis'rete pittin( atta'&s are m%re
li&ely t% 'ause a pin/%le lea&a(e %n'e t/e +ull pipe ,all /as been penetrate*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*4 Pipeline systems may be e:p%se* t% a '%rr%si)e en)ir%nment b%t/ internally an* e:ternally- Opti%ns +%r
'%rr%si%n miti(ati%n in'lu*e use %+ '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti)e '%atin(s an* linin(s. 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n Ce:ternally
%nly4. an* '/emi'al treatment %r +lui* pr%'essin( Cinternally %nly4-
D 4** C!rr!si!n all!1ance
4*) F%r submarine pipeline systems a '%rr%si%n all%,an'e may ser)e t% '%mpensate +%r internal an*I%r
e:ternal '%rr%si%n an* is m%stly applie* +%r '%ntr%l %+ internal %r e:ternal pressure- F%r -6n steel
'%mp%nents. a '%rr%si%n all%,an'e may be applie* eit/er al%ne %r in a**iti%n t% s%me system +%r '%rr%si%n
miti(ati%n- H%,e)er. +%r e:ternal '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n %+ '%ntinu%usly submer(e* '%mp%nents. 'at/%*i'
pr%te'ti%n is man*at%ry an* a '%rr%si%n all%,an'e +%r e:ternal '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l is t/en super+lu%us-
G'i"ance n!%eF
A re2uirement +%r ,all t/i'&ness *etermine* by installati%n +%r'es an* e:'ee*in( t/at nee*e* +%r pressure
'%ntainment at t/e initial *esi(n pressure. %r ,all t/i'&ness n%t nee*e* +%r pressure '%ntainment *ue t% a later *%,n
ratin( %+ %perati%nal pressure 'an be utilise* +%r '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l but is n%t re+erre* t% in t/is *%'ument as a
S'%rr%si%n all%,an'eT-
A '%rr%si%n all%,an'e is primarily use* t% '%mpensate +%r +%rms %+ '%rr%si%n atta'& a++e'tin( t/e pipelineAs pressure
'%ntainment resistan'e. i-e- uni+%rm atta'& an*. t% a lesser e:tent. '%rr%si%n *ama(e as (r%%)es %r pits- Su'/ *ama(e
is unli&ely t% a++e't t/e pipelineAs pressure '%ntainment resistan'e but ,ill 'ause a pin/%le lea& ,/en t/e +ull ,all
t/i'&ness is penetrate*- Any e:tra ,all t/i'&ness ,ill t/en %nly *elay lea&a(e in pr%p%rti%n t% t/e in'rease in ,all
t/i'&ness-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e nee*s +%r. an* bene+its %+. '%rr%si%n all%,an'e s/all be e)aluate*. ta&in( int% a''%unt t/e +%ll%,in(
+a't%rs as a minimum0
1 *esi(n li+e an* p%tential '%rr%si)ity %+ +lui* an*I%r e:ternal en)ir%nment
1 e:pe'te* +%rm %+ '%rr%si%n *ama(e Csee 3ui*an'e n%te ab%)e4
1 e:pe'te* reliability %+ planne* te'/ni2ues an* pr%'e*ures +%r '%rr%si%n miti(ati%n Ce-(- '/emi'al treatment
%+ +lui*. e:ternal '%atin(. et'-4
1 e:pe'te* sensiti)ity an* *ama(e siJin( 'apability %+ rele)ant t%%ls +%r inte(rity m%nit%rin(. time t% +irst
inspe'ti%n an* planne* +re2uen'y %+ inspe'ti%n
1 '%nse2uen'es %+ su**en lea&a(e. re2uirements t% sa+ety an* reliability
1 any e:tra ,all t/i'&ness applie* *urin( *esi(n +%r installati%n +%r'es an* n%t nee*e* +%r '%ntr%l %+ internal
an* e:ternal pressure
1 any p%tential +%r *%,n-ratin( C%r up-ratin(4 %+ %peratin( pressure-
4*8 An internal '%rr%si%n all%,an'e %+ minimum # mm is re'%mmen*e* +%r -6n steel pipelines %+ sa+ety
'lass 6e*ium an* Hi(/ 'arryin( /y*r%'arb%n +lui*s li&ely t% '%ntain li2ui* ,ater *urin( n%rmal %perati%n- F%r
n%minally *ry (as an* +%r %t/er +lui*s '%nsi*ere* as n%n-'%rr%si)e. n% '%rr%si%n all%,an'e is re2uire*-
4*4 An e:ternal '%rr%si%n all%,an'e %+ minimum # mm is re'%mmen*e* +%r -6n steel risers %+ sa+ety 'lass
6e*ium an* Hi(/ in t/e splas/ J%ne- An e:ternal '%rr%si%n all%,an'e s/all +urt/er be '%nsi*ere* +%r any
lan*+alls- F%r risers 'arryin( /%t +lui*s C_ 10
%
ab%)e n%rmal ambient sea,ater temperature4. a /i(/er
'%rr%si%n all%,an'e s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere*. at least +%r t/e splas/ J%ne Csee >0"4- Any all%,an'e +%r internal
'%rr%si%n s/all be a**iti%nal-
D 8** Te$(!rar7 c!rr!si!n (r!%ec%i!n
8*) T/e nee* +%r temp%rary '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n %+ e:ternal an* internal sur+a'es *urin( st%ra(e an*
transp%rtati%n s/all be '%nsi*ere* *urin( *esi(nIen(ineerin( +%r later in'lusi%n in +abri'ati%n an* installati%n
spe'i+i'ati%ns- Opti%nal te'/ni2ues in'lu*e en* 'aps %r be)el pr%te't%rs. temp%rary t/in +ilm '%atin( an* rust
pr%te'ti)e %ilI,a:-
!ec.3 Design " 8aterials ,ngineering - 0age $%%
G'i"ance n!%eF
Out*%%r st%ra(e %+ unpr%te'te* pipes +%r a peri%* %+ up t% ab%ut a year ,ill n%t n%rmally 'ause any si(ni+i'ant l%ss %+
,all t/i'&ness- H%,e)er. super+i'ial rustin( may 'ause in'rease* sur+a'e r%u(/ness a++e'tin( pipeline '%atin(
%perati%ns- %n*iti%ns +%r st%ra(e s/%ul* be su'/ t/at ,ater ,ill n%t a''umulate internally. %r e:ternally at any
supp%rts- En* 'aps may retain ,ater internally i+ *ama(e* %r l%st at %ne en*. all%,in( entry %+ rain ,ater %r
'%n*ensati%n- Temp%rary '%atin( applie* at '%atin( 'ut-ba'&s may inter+ere ,it/ pipeline (irt/ ,el*in(-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*4 T/e nee*s +%r '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n *urin( +l%%*in( s/all be assesse* +%r in'lusi%n in installati%n
spe'i+i'ati%ns- Spe'ial pre'auti%ns are re2uire* t% a)%i* '%rr%si%n *ama(e t% RA pipelines *urin( system
pressure testin( usin( sea,ater- Type 1#r linepipe may su++er super+i'ial '%rr%si%n atta'& *urin( %ut*%%r
st%ra(e-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e use %+ a bi%'i*e +%r treatment %+ ,ater +%r +l%%*in( is m%st essential Ce)en ,it/ s/%rt *urati%n4 as in'ipient
ba'terial (r%,t/ establis/e* *urin( +l%%*in( may pr%'ee* *urin( %perati%n an* 'ause '%rr%si%n *ama(e Cpipelines +%r
*ry (as are e:'lu*e*4- F%r un'%ate* -6n steel pipelines. an %:y(en s'a)en(er may be %mitte* sin'e %:y(en
*iss%l)e* in sea-,ater ,ill be'%me rapi*ly '%nsume* by uni+%rm '%rr%si%n ,it/-%ut 'ausin( si(ni+i'ant l%ss %+ ,all
t/i'&ness- Film +%rmin( %r Spassi)atin(T '%rr%si%n in/ibit%rs are n%t a'tually re2uire* an* may e)en be /arm+ul- Type
1#r steel is /i(/ly sus'eptible t% *ama(e by ra, sea,ater %r mar(inally treate* sea,ater e)en at a s/%rt e:p%sure
peri%*- 8se %+ +res/ ,ater s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere* %r sea,ater treate* t% a pH %+ H minimum-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
D 4** E,%ernal (i(eline c!a%ings .in+!r$a%i-e/
4*) SBinepipe '%atin(T Cals% re+erre* t% as S+a't%ry '%atin( %r Sparent '%atin(T4 re+ers t% +a't%ry applie*
e:ternal '%atin( systems Cm%stly multiple-layer. ,it/ a t%tal t/i'&ness %+ s%me millimetres4 ,it/ a '%rr%si%n
pr%te'ti%n +un'ti%n. eit/er al%ne %r in '%mbinati%n ,it/ a t/ermal insulati%n +un'ti%n- S%me '%atin( systems
may +urt/er in'lu*e an %uter layer +%r me'/ani'al pr%te'ti%n. primarily *urin( layin( an* any r%'& *umpin( %r
tren'/in( %perati%ns- %n'rete '%atin( +%r anti-bu%yan'y C,ei(/t '%atin(. see Se'-H 4 is. /%,e)er. n%t
'%)ere* by t/e term linepipe '%atin(-
4*4 SFiel* G%int '%atin(T CF74 re+ers t% sin(le %r multiple layers %+ '%atin( applie* t% pr%te't (irt/ ,el*s an*
t/e ass%'iate* 'ut-ba'& %+ t/e linepipe '%atin(. irrespe'ti)ely %+ ,/et/er su'/ '%atin( is a'tually applie* in t/e
+iel* %r in a +a't%ry Ce-(- pipelines +%r reel layin( an* pre+abri'ate* risers4- S%atin( +iel* repairsT re+ers t%
repairs %+ +a't%ry '%atin( per+%rme* in t/e +iel* Ctypi'ally by t/e F7 '%ntra't%r4-
4*8 T/e linepipe Ce:ternal4 '%atin( system s/%ul* be sele'te* base* %n '%nsi*erati%n %+ t/e +%ll%,in( maG%r
items0
a4 (eneral '%rr%si%n-pr%te'ti)e pr%perties *i'tate* by permeability +%r ,ater. *iss%l)e* (ases an* salts.
a*/esi%n. +ree*%m +r%m p%res. et'-
b4 resistan'e t% p/ysi'al. '/emi'al an* bi%l%(i'al *e(ra*ati%n lea*in( t% e-(- 'ra'&in( %r *isb%n*ment.
primarily in ser)i'e but als% *urin( st%ra(e pri%r t% installati%n Ctemperature ran(e an* *esi(n li+e are
*e'isi)e parameters4
'4 re2uirements +%r me'/ani'al pr%perties. primarily t/%se relate* t% a*/esi%n an* +le:ibility. *urin(
installati%n Cmin- temperature4 an* %perati%n Cma:- temperature4
*4 '%atin( systemNs '%mpatibility ,it/ spe'i+i' +abri'ati%n an* installati%n pr%'e*ures. in'lu*in( +iel* G%int
'%atin( an* '%atin( +iel* repairs
e4 '%atin( systems '%mpatibility ,it/ '%n'rete ,ei(/t '%atin( Csee Se'-H 4. i+ appli'able
+4 '%atin( systemNs '%mpatibility ,it/ P. an* 'apability %+ re*u'in( 'urrent *eman* +%r P. i+ appli'able
(4 linepipe materialNs '%mpatibility ,it/ P '%nsi*erin( sus'eptibility t% HISO see !#0#
/4 linepipe materialNs sus'eptibility t% '%rr%si%n in t/e a'tual en)ir%nment. in'lu*in( stress '%rr%si%n 'ra'&in(
in t/e atm%sp/eri' J%ne an* any %ns/%re burie* J%ne
i4 en)ir%nmental '%mpatibility an* /ealt/ /aJar*s *urin( '%atin( appli'ati%n. +abri'ati%nIinstallati%n an*
%perati%n-
4*4 F%r t/ermally insulatin( '%atin(s. pr%perties relate* t% +l%, assuran'e als% applyO e-(- spe'i+i' /eat
'apa'ity. t/ermal '%n*u'ti)ity an* t/e *e(ra*ati%n %+ su'/ pr%perties by /i(/ %peratin( e:ternal pressure an*
internal +lui* temperature-
4*# Pipeline '%mp%nents s/%ul* /a)e e:ternal '%atin(s mat'/in( t/e '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti)e pr%perties %+ t/%se
t% be use* +%r linepipe- I+ t/is is n%t pra'ti'al. P *esi(n may '%mpensate +%r in+eri%r pr%perties- H%,e)er. ris&s
ass%'iate* ,it/ HIS by P s/all be *uly '%nsi*ere* Csee !#0; an* D=0" 3ui*an'e n%te4-
4*5 F%r t/e sele'ti%n %+ F7. t/e same '%nsi*erati%ns as +%r pipeline an* riser '%atin(s as in ;0#. >0= an*
>0> apply- In a**iti%n. su++i'ient time +%r appli'ati%n an* '%%lin( %r 'urin( is 'ru'ial *urin( bar(e layin( %+
pipelines-
!ec.3 Design " 8aterials ,ngineering - 0age $%$
4*& F%r pipes ,it/ a ,ei(/t '%atin( %r t/ermally insulate* '%atin(. t/e +iel* G%int '%atin( CF74 is typi'ally
ma*e up %+ an inner '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti)e '%atin( an* an in-+ill- T/e %bGe'ti)e %+ t/e in-+ill is t% pr%)i*e a sm%%t/
transiti%n t% t/e pipeline '%atin( an* me'/ani'al pr%te'ti%n t% t/e inner '%atin(- F%r t/ermally insulate*
pipelines an* risers. re2uirements +%r a*e2uate insulatin( pr%perties may als% apply- T/e re2uirements an*
(ui*elines t% F7 are als% appli'able t% any +iel* repairs %+ +a't%ry '%atin(
4*2 T/e *esi(n an* 2uality '%ntr%l %+ +iel* G%int '%atin(s is essential t% t/e inte(rity %+ pipelines in HIS
sus'eptible materials. in'lu*in( +erriti'-austeniti' C*uple:4 an* martensiti' stainless steel- Re'%mmen*e*
pra'ti'e +%r *esi(n an* 2uality '%ntr%l %+ +iel* G%int '%atin(s is (i)en in DNV-RP-F10"-
D #** Ca%h!"ic (r!%ec%i!n
#*) Pipelines an* risers in t/e submer(e* J%ne s/all be +urnis/e* ,it/ a 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n CP4 system t%
pr%)i*e a*e2uate '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n +%r any *e+e'ts %''urrin( *urin( '%atin( appli'ati%n Cin'lu*in( +iel*
G%ints4. an* als% +%r any subse2uent *ama(e t% t/e '%atin( *urin( installati%n an* %perati%n- T/e *esi(n %+
submarine pipeline P systems s/all meet t/e minimum re2uirements in ISO1==FH-"- Re+eren'e is (i)en t%
DNV-RP-F10# +%r s%me a**iti%nal amen*ments an* (ui*elines-
G'i"ance n!%eF
P may be a'/ie)e* usin( eit/er (al)ani' CSsa'ri+i'ialT4 an%*es. %r impresse* 'urrent +r%m a re'ti+ier- 3al)ani'
an%*es are n%rmally pre+erre*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*4 T/e P systems s/all be 'apable %+ suppressin( t/e pipe-t%-sea,ater C%r pipe-t%-se*iment4
ele'tr%'/emi'al p%tential int% t/e ran(e -0-F0 t% -1-1= V rel- A(IA(lI sea,ater- A less ne(ati)e p%tential may
be spe'i+ie* +%r pipelines in RA materials-
G'i"ance n!%eF
P%tentials m%re ne(ati)e t/an -1-1= V rel- A(IA(lI sea,ater 'an be a'/ie)e* usin( impresse* 'urrent- Su'/
p%tentials may 'ause *etrimental se'%n*ary e++e'ts. in'lu*in( '%atin( *isb%n*ment an* HIS %+ linepipe materials
an* ,el*s- Pipeline system '%mp%nents in /i(/-stren(t/ steel. an* parti'ularly in martensiti' %r +erriti'-austeniti'
CQ*uple:N4 stainless steel. subGe't t% /i(/ l%'al stresses *urin( subsea installati%n a'ti)ities Ce-(- pre-'%mmissi%nin(4
%r %perati%n 'an su++er HIS by P. als% ,it/in t/e p%tential ran(e (i)en ab%)e- Su'/ *ama(e is primarily t% be
a)%i*e* by restri'tin( strainin( subsea by *esi(n measures- In a**iti%n. spe'ial emp/asis s/%ul* be lai* %n ensurin(
a*e2uate '%atin( %+ '%mp%nents t/at may be subGe't t% l%'alise* strainin(- It is essential t/at t/e '%atin( systems t%
be applie* Ci-e- +a't%ry applie* '%atin( an* +iel* G%int '%atin(4 +%r materials t/at are &n%,n t% be sus'eptible t% HIS
/a)e a*e2uate resistan'e t% *isb%n*in( by me'/ani'al e++e'ts *urin( installati%n as ,ell as '/emi'alIp/ysi'al e++e'ts
*urin( %perati%n- O)erlay ,el*in( %+ 'riti'al areas ,it/ austeniti' RA +iller materials may be '%nsi*ere* ,/en
%r(ani' '%atin(s are n%t appli'able- T/ermally spraye* aluminium '%atin( /as als% been applie* +%r t/is purp%se-
Ot/er measures t% re*u'e %r eliminate t/e ris& %+ HIS in'lu*e '%ntr%l %+ (al)ani' an%*es by *i%*es an* use %+ spe'ial
an%*e all%ys ,it/ less ne(ati)e 'l%se* 'ir'uit p%tential- CT/ese te'/ni2ues re2uire t/at t/e pipeline is ele'tri'ally
insulate* +r%m '%n)enti%nal P systems %n ele'tri'ally '%nne'te* stru'tures4- In 'ase '%n)enti%nal bra'elet an%*es
are still t% be use*. ,el*in( %+ an%*es t% any pressure '%ntainin( '%mp%nents in t/ese materials s/%ul* be a)%i*e*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*8 3al)ani' an%*e P systems s/%ul* be *esi(ne* t% pr%)i*e '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n t/r%u(/%ut t/e *esi(n
li+e %+ t/e pr%te'te* %bGe't-
G'i"ance n!%eF
As retr%+ittin( %+ (al)ani' an%*es is (enerally '%stly Ci+ pra'ti'al at all4. t/e li&eli/%%* %+ t/e initial pipeline *esi(n
li+e bein( e:ten*e* s/%ul* be *uly '%nsi*ere*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*4 Pipeline systems '%nne'te* t% %t/er %++s/%re installati%ns s/all /a)e '%mpatible P systems unless an
ele'tri'ally insulatin( G%int is t% be installe*- At any lan*+all %+ an %++s/%re pipeline ,it/ (al)ani' an%*es an*
,it/ impresse* 'urrent P %+ t/e %ns/%re se'ti%n. t/e nee*s +%r an insulatin( G%int s/all be e)aluate*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
@it/%ut insulatin( G%ints. s%me intera'ti%n ,it/ t/e P system %+ ele'tri'ally '%nne'te* %++s/%re stru'tures 'ann%t be
a)%i*e*- As t/e *esi(n parameters +%r subsea pipelines are typi'ally m%re '%nser)ati)e t/an t/at %+ %t/er stru'tures.
s%me 'urrent *rain +r%m riser an* pipeline an%*es t% t/e P system %+ t/e '%nne'tin( system 'ann%t be a)%i*e*.
s%metimes lea*in( t% premature '%nsumpti%n- @/en t/e stru'ture /as a '%rre'tly *esi(ne* P system su'/ 'urrent
*rain is n%t 'riti'al as t/e net 'urrent *rain ,ill *e'rease ,it/ time an* ultimately 'easeO i-e- unless t/e se'%n* stru'ture
/as insu++i'ient P-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*# Pipelines s/%ul* be *esi(ne* ,it/ a sel+-sustainin( P system base* %n bra'elet an%*es installe* ,it/ a
ma:imum *istan'e %+ #00 m Cin a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1==FH-"4 an* ,it/ ele'tri'al '%nne'ti%ns t% t/e pipeline
by pin braJin( %r alumin%t/ermi' ,el*in( %+ 'able '%nne'ti%ns t% t/e pipe ,all- CSee App- E=004-
F%r s/%rter pipelines Cup t% #0 &m appr%:imately4. P may be a'/ie)e* by an%*es installe* %n stru'tures at t/e
en* %+ t/e pipeline Ce-(- plat+%rm sub-stru'ture. subsea template %r riser base4 ele'tri'ally '%nne'te* t% t/e
!ec.3 Design " 8aterials ,ngineering - 0age $%&
pipeline- T/is '%n'ept re2uires. /%,e)er. t/at t/e *esi(n an* 2uality '%ntr%l %+ +a't%ry applie* '%atin(s. +iel*
G%int '%atin(s an* '%atin( +iel* repairs are 'l%sely *e+ine* Ce-(- as in DNV-RP-F10> an* DNV-RP-F10"4- A
re'%mmen*e* pr%'e*ure t% 'al'ulate t/e pr%te'ti)e len(t/ %+ an%*es %n an a*Ga'ent stru'ture is (i)en in DNV-
RP-F10#-
G'i"ance n!%e )F
ISO 1==FH-" (i)es an alternati)e pr%'e*ure but. '%ntrary t% DNV-RP-F10#. *%es n%t *e+ine t/e primary parameters
t% be use* +%r 'al'ulati%n %+ t/e pr%te'ti)e len(t/-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
P by an%*es l%'ate* %n a*Ga'ent stru'tures si(ni+i'antly re*u'es t/e '%st %+ an%*e installati%n in 'ase t/e pipeline
installati%n '%n'ept ,%ul* %t/er,ise re2uire an%*e installati%n %++s/%re- 6%re%)er. +%r burie* pipelines in (eneral an*
+%r /%t burie* lines in parti'ular. t/e an%*e ele'tr%'/emi'al e++i'ien'y an* 'urrent %utput 'apa'ity in'reases sin'e t/e
an%*es %n su'/ stru'tures are +reely e:p%se* t% sea,ater- T/e '%n*iti%n %+ su'/ an%*es 'an als% be m%nit%re*- T/e
'%n'ept %+ basin( pipeline P %n an%*es installe* %n a*Ga'ent stru'tures +urt/er re*u'es t/e ris& %+ HIS *ama(e t%
pipelines in sus'eptible materials Ce-(- martensiti' an* +erriti'-austeniti' stainless steels4-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*5 !ra'elet pipeline an%*es are t% be *esi(ne* ,it/ *ue '%nsi*erati%ns %+ +%r'es in*u'e* *urin( pipeline
installati%n- F%r an%*es t% be installe* %n t%p %+ t/e pipeline '%atin(. t/is may re2uire use %+ b%lts +%r tensi%nin(
%r ,el*in( %+ an%*e tabs ,it/ pressure applie* %n t/e bra'elet assembly *urin( t/e m%untin(- %nne't%r 'ables
s/all be a*e2uately pr%te'te*O e-(- by l%'atin( t/e 'ables t% t/e (ap bet,een t/e an%*e bra'elets an* +illin( ,it/
a m%ul*in( '%mp%un*-
#*& A 'al'ulati%n pr%'e*ure +%r pipeline P *esi(n usin( '%n)enti%nal bra'elet an%*es an* a ma:imum
an%*e spa'in( %+ #00 m is (i)en in ISO 1==FH-" an* in DNV-RP-F10#-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e latter *%'ument (enerally re+ers t% ISO 1==FH-" +%r *esi(n parameters an* *esi(n pr%'e*ures t% be use* an*
re'%mmen*s s%me *e+ault )alues ,/i'/ represent minimum re2uirements t/at *% n%t nee* t% be )eri+ie* by spe'ial
'%nsi*erati%ns an* testin(- DNV-RP-F10# emp/asiJes t/e imp%rtan'e %+ '%atin( *esi(n an* 2uality '%ntr%l %+ '%atin(
appli'ati%n ,/en *e+inin( t/e P 'urrent re*u'in( e++e'ts %+ su'/ '%atin(s- It +urt/er '%ntains a**iti%nal (ui*an'e t%
t/e P *esi(n- F%r alternati)e *esi(n pr%'e*ures. see =0= an* =0> ab%)e-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*2 T/e *etaile* en(ineerin( *%'umentati%n %+ (al)ani' an%*e P systems s/all '%ntain t/e +%ll%,in(0
1 *esi(n premises. in'lu*in( *esi(n li+e an* re+eren'e t% rele)ant pr%Ge't spe'i+i'ati%ns. '%*es an* stan*ar*s
1 'al'ulati%ns %+ a)era(e an* +inal 'urrent *eman*s +%r in*i)i*ual se'ti%ns %+ t/e pipeline
1 'al'ulati%ns %+ t%tal an%*e net mass +%r t/e in*i)i*ual se'ti%ns. t% meet t/e mean 'urrent *eman*
1 'al'ulati%n %+ +inal 'urrent an%*e %utput t% )eri+y t/at t/e +inal 'urrent *eman* 'an be met +%r t/e in*i)i*ual
se'ti%ns %+ t/e pipeline Capplies t% a '%n)enti%nal bra'elet an%*e '%n'ept ,it/ ma:- #00 m an%*e spa'in(4
1 number %+ bra'elet an%*es +%r t/e in*i)i*ual pipeline se'ti%ns. an* resultin( net an%*e mass t% be installe*
%n ea'/ se'ti%n
1 %utline *ra,in(Cs4 %+ bra'elet an%*es ,it/ +astenin( *e)i'es an* in'lu*in( tentati)e t%leran'es
1 'al'ulati%ns %+ pipeline metalli' resistan'e t% )eri+y t/e +easibility %+ P by an%*es %n a*Ga'ent stru'tureCs4
%r a bra'elet an%*e '%n'ept e:'ee*in( a spa'in( %+ #00 m in 'ase any %+ t/ese %pti%ns apply Csee DNV-RP-
F10#4
1 *%'umentati%n %+ P 'apa'ity %n a*Ga'ent installati%nCs4 t% be utiliJe* +%r P %+ pipeline. i+ appli'able-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e ab%)e re2uirements +%r *%'umentati%n %+ P *esi(n is an amen*ment t% ISO 1==FH-"-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*: Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r P *esi(n %+ pipeline system '%mp%nents ,it/ maG%r sur+a'es in stru'tural
steel Ce-(- riser bases4 is (i)en in DNV-RP-!;01-
#)* Desi(n %+ any impresse* 'urrent P systems installe* at lan* +alls s/all '%mply ,it/ ISO 1==FH-1-
Re2uirements t% ele'tri'ally insulatin( G%ints are (i)en in Se'-F !F00-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Desi(n %+ impresse* 'urrent P systems at lan*+alls is n%t '%)ere* by t/is stan*ar*- S%me (eneral (ui*an'e is (i)en
in ISO 1=FFH-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
D 5** E,%ernal c!rr!si!n c!n%r!l !+ risers .in+!r$a%i-e/
5*) F%r a spe'i+i' riser. t/e *i)isi%n int% '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n J%nes is *epen*ent %n t/e parti'ular riser %r
!ec.3 Design " 8aterials ,ngineering - 0age $%'
plat+%rm *esi(n an* t/e pre)ailin( en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns- T/e upper an* l%,er limits %+ t/e Qsplas/ J%neN
may be *etermine* a''%r*in( t% t/e *e+initi%ns in Se'-1-
5*4 A*)erse '%rr%si)e '%n*iti%ns %''ur in t/e J%ne ab%)e l%,est astr%n%mi'al ti*e CBAT4 ,/ere t/e riser is
intermittently ,ette* by ,a)es. ti*e an* sea spray CQsplas/ J%neN4- Parti'ularly se)ere '%rr%si)e '%n*iti%ns
apply t% risers /eate* by an internal +lui*- In t/e splas/ J%ne. t/e riser '%atin( may be e:p%se* t% me'/ani'al
*ama(e by sur+a'e )essels an* marine %perati%ns. ,/ilst t/ere is limite* a''essibility +%r inspe'ti%n an*
maintenan'e-
5*8 T/e riser se'ti%n in t/e Qatm%sp/eri' J%neN Ci-e- ab%)e t/e splas/ J%ne4 is m%re s/iel*e* +r%m b%t/ se)ere
,eat/erin( an* me'/ani'al *ama(e- Furt/erm%re. t/ere is better a''essibility +%r inspe'ti%n an* maintenan'e-
5*4 In t/e Qsubmer(e* J%neN an* in t/e splas/ J%ne bel%, t/e l%,est astr%n%mi'al ti*e CBAT4. an a*e2uately
*esi(ne* P system is 'apable %+ pre)entin( '%rr%si%n at any *ama(e* areas %+ t/e riser '%atin(- In t/e ti*al
J%ne. a P system ,ill be mar(inally e++e'ti)e-
5*# Di++erent '%atin( systems may be applie* in t/e t/ree '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n J%nes *e+ine* ab%)e. pr%)i*e*
t/ey are '%mpatible- T/e '%nsi*erati%ns a''%r*in( t% a4. b4. '4. +4. (4 an* /4 in D;0# ab%)e apply +%r all %+ t/e
t/ree J%nes- Fastenin( *e)i'es +%r risers s/%ul* be sele'te* t% be '%mpatible ,it/ a spe'i+i' riser '%atin( rat/er
t/an )i'e )ersa-
5*5 T/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal '%nsi*erati%ns a++e'tin( sele'ti%n %+ '%atin( system apply in t/e splas/ an*
atm%sp/eri' J%nes0
1 resistan'e t% un*er-rustin( at '%atin( *e+e'ts
1 maintainability
1 '%mpatibility ,it/ inspe'ti%n pr%'e*ures +%r internal an*I %r e:ternal '%rr%si%n
1 '%mpatibility ,it/ e2uipmentIpr%'e*ures +%r rem%)al %+ bi%+%ulin( Ci+ appli'able4
1 +ire pr%te'ti%n Ci+ re2uire*4-
5*& E:ternal 'la**in( ,it/ 'ertain u-base all%ys may be use* +%r '%mbine* '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n an* anti-
+%ulin(. primarily in t/e transiti%n %+ t/e splas/ J%ne an* t/e submer(e* J%ne Csee D>0"4- H%,e)er. metalli'
materials ,it/ anti-+%ulin( pr%perties must be ele'tri'ally insulate* +r%m t/e P system t% be e++e'ti)e-
6ultiple-layer paint '%atin(s an* t/ermally spraye* aluminium '%atin(s are appli'able t% t/e atm%sp/eri' an*
submer(e* J%nes. an* in t/e splas/ J%ne i+ +un'ti%nal re2uirements an* l%'al '%n*iti%ns permit-
5*2 6e'/ani'al an* p/ysi'al '%atin( pr%perties liste* in D;0# are als% rele)ant +%r riser '%atin(s. *epen*ent
%n t/e parti'ular '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n J%ne- T/e appli'able re2uirements t% pr%perties +%r ea'/ '%atin( system
an* +%r 2uality '%ntr%l s/all be *e+ine* in a pur'/ase spe'i+i'ati%n- Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r (eneral
re2uirements an* 2uality '%ntr%l is (i)en in DNV-RP-F10>- S%me %+ t/e '%atin( systems ,it/ +un'ti%nal
re2uirements *e+ine* in '%atin( *ata s/eets are appli'able als% as riser '%atin(s-
5*: In t/e submer(e* J%ne. t/e '%nsi*erati%ns +%r sele'ti%n %+ '%atin( in D;0# apply- In a**iti%n. resistan'e
t% bi%+%ulin( is rele)ant in sur+a'e ,aters %+ t/e submer(e* J%ne an* t/e l%,erm%st se'ti%n %+ t/e splas/ J%ne
may /a)e t% be '%nsi*ere*-
5)* Riser F7s s/all /a)e pr%perties mat'/in( t/e sele'te* pipe '%atin(- In t/e splas/ J%ne. +iel* G%int
'%atin(s s/%ul* be a)%i*e* unless it 'an be *em%nstrate* t/at t/eir '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n pr%perties are 'l%sely
e2ui)alent t% t/%se %+ t/e a*Ga'ent '%atin(-
D &** ;n%ernal c!rr!si!n c!n%r!l .in+!r$a%i-e/
&*) Opti%ns +%r internal '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l s/%ul* be e)aluate* aimin( +%r t/e m%st '%st-e++e'ti)e s%luti%n
meetin( t/e %)erall re2uirements %+ sa+ety an* en)ir%nmental re(ulati%ns- T/e sele'ti%n %+ t/e m%st '%st-
e++e'ti)e strate(y +%r '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l re2uires t/at all maG%r '%sts ass%'iate* ,it/ %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline
system. as ,ell as in)estment '%sts +%r '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l. are e)aluate* CSBi+e y'le %st AnalysisT4- @/en
+lui* '%rr%si)ity an* e++i'ien'y %+ '%rr%si%n miti(ati%n 'ann%t be assesse* ,it/ any /i(/ *e(ree %+ a''ura'y. a
Sris& '%stT may be a**e* +%r a spe'i+i' %pti%n bein( e)aluate*- T/e ris& '%st is t/e pr%*u't %+ estimate*
pr%bability an* '%nse2uen'es Ce:presse* in m%netary units4 %+ a parti'ular +ailure m%*e Ce-(- rupture %r pin/%le
lea&a(e4 *ue t% mal+un'ti%n %+ t/e '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l system bein( '%nsi*ere* Ce-(- in/ibit%r a**iti%n t% a
p%tentially '%rr%si)e +lui*4- T/e pr%bability %+ su'/ +ailures s/%ul* re+le't t/e *esi(nerAs '%n+i*en'e in
estimatin( t/e +lui* '%rr%si)ity an* t/e e++i'ien'y %+ %pti%ns +%r '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l bein( e)aluate*- Depen*in(
%n t/e +ailure m%*e. '%nse2uen'es %+ +ailure may in'lu*e '%sts ass%'iate* ,it/ in'rease* maintenan'e. repairs.
l%st 'apa'ity an* se'%n*ary *ama(e t% li+e. en)ir%nment an* %t/er in)estments-
&*4 T/e sele'ti%n %+ a system +%r internal '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n %+ pipelines an* risers /as a maG%r e++e't %n
*etaile* *esi(n an* must t/ere+%re be e)aluate* *urin( '%n'eptual *esi(n- T/e +%ll%,in( %pti%ns +%r '%rr%si%n
'%ntr%l may be '%nsi*ere*0
a4 pr%'essin( %+ +lui* +%r rem%)al %+ li2ui* ,ater an*I%r '%rr%si)e a(ents-
b4 use %+ linepipe %r internal Cmetalli'4 linin(I'la**in( ,it/ intrinsi' '%rr%si%n resistan'e Csee !#004-
'4 use %+ %r(ani' '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti)e '%atin(s %r linin(s Cn%rmally in '%mbinati%n ,it/ a4 %r *44-
!ec.3 Design " 8aterials ,ngineering - 0age $%1
*4 '/emi'al treatment. i-e- a**iti%n %+ '/emi'als ,it/ '%rr%si%n miti(atin( +un'ti%n-
In a**iti%n. t/e bene+its %+ a '%rr%si%n all%,an'e Csee D"004 s/%ul* be *uly '%nsi*ere* +%r a4 an* *4-
&*8 %rr%si%n '%ntr%l by +lui* pr%'essin( may in)%l)e rem%)al %+ ,ater +r%m (asI%il C*e/y*rati%n4. %r %+
%:y(en +r%m sea,ater +%r inGe'ti%n C*e%:y(enati%n4. +%r e:ample- %nse2uen'es %+ %perati%nal upsets %n
material *e(ra*ati%n s/%ul* be ta&en int% a''%unt- T/e ne'essity +%r '%rr%si%n all%,an'e an* re*un*ant
systems +%r +lui* pr%'essin( s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere*- On-line m%nit%rin( %+ +lui* '%rr%si%n pr%perties
*%,nstream %+ pr%'essin( unit is n%rmally re2uire*- F%r %il e:p%rt pipelines 'arryin( resi*ual am%unts %+
,ater. a bi%'i*e treatment s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere* as a ba'& up +%r pre)enti%n %+ ba'terial '%rr%si%n- Peri%*i'
pi((in( +%r rem%)al %+ ,ater an* *ep%sits '%untera'ts internal '%rr%si%n in (eneral an* ba'terial '%rr%si%n in
parti'ular-
&*4 I+ internal '%atin(s %r linin(s are t% be e)aluate* as an %pti%n +%r '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l. t/e +%ll%,in( main
parameters s/all be '%nsi*ere*0
1 '/emi'al '%mpatibility ,it/ all +lui*s t% be '%n)eye* %r '%nta'te* *urin( installati%n. '%mmissi%nin( an*
%perati%n. in'lu*in( t/e e++e'ts %+ any a**iti)es +%r '%ntr%l %+ +l%, %r internal '%rr%si%n Csee D<0>4
1 resistan'e t% er%si%n by +lui* an* me'/ani'al *ama(e by pi((in( %perati%ns
1 resistan'e t% rapi* *e'%mpressi%n
1 reliability %+ 2uality '%ntr%l *urin( '%atin( appli'ati%n
1 reliability %+ Cinternal4 +iel* G%int '%atin( systems. i+ appli'able
1 '%nse2uen'es %+ +ailure an* re*un*ant te'/ni2ues +%r '%rr%si%n miti(ati%n-
&*# Internal '%atin( %+ pipelines Ce-(- by t/in +ilm %+ ep%:y4 /as primarily been applie* +%r t/e purp%se %+
+ri'ti%n re*u'ti%n in *ry (as pipelines CS+l%, '%atin(sT %r Santi-+ri'ti%n '%atin(sT4- Any su'/ '%atin(s s/%ul*
/a)e a minimum spe'i+ie* t/i'&ness %+ ;0 m an* s/%ul* '%mply ,it/ t/e minimum re2uirements in
API RP =B"- Alt/%u(/ su'/ '%atin(s 'an n%t be e:pe'te* t% be e++i'ient in pre)entin( '%rr%si%n atta'& i+
'%rr%si)e +lui*s are '%n)eye*. any '%atin( ,it/ a*e2uate pr%perties may still be bene+i'ial in re*u'in( +%rms
%+ atta'& a++e'tin( membrane stresses an* /en'e. t/e pressure retainin( 'apa'ity %+ t/e pipeline-
&*5 /emi'al treatment %+ +lui*s +%r '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l may in'lu*e0
1 '%rr%si%n in/ibit%rs Ce-(- S+ilm +%rmin(T4
1 pH-bu++erin( '/emi'als
1 bi%'i*es C+%r miti(ati%n %+ ba'terial '%rr%si%n4
1 (ly'%l %r met/an%l Ca**e* at /i(/ '%n'entrati%ns +%r /y*rate in/ibiti%n. *ilutin( t/e ,ater p/ase4
1 *ispersants C+%r emulsi+i'ati%n %+ ,ater in %il4
1 s'a)en(ers C+%r rem%)al %+ '%rr%si)e '%nstituents at l%, '%n'entrati%ns4-
&*& T/e reliability %+ '/emi'al treatment s/%ul* be e)aluate* in *etail *urin( t/e '%n'eptual *esi(n-
Imp%rtant parameters t% be '%nsi*ere* are0
1 anti'ipate* '%rr%si%n miti(atin( e++i'ien'y +%r t/e a'tual +lui* t% be treate*. in'lu*in( p%ssible e++e'ts %+
s'ales. *ep%sits. et'- ass%'iate* ,it/ t/is +lui*
1 'apability %+ t/e '%n)eye* +lui* t% *istribute in/ibit%r in t/e pipeline system al%n( its +ull len(t/ an*
'ir'um+eren'e
1 '%mpatibility ,it/ all pipeline system an* *%,nstream materials. parti'ularly elast%mers an* %r(ani'
'%atin(s
1 '%mpatibility ,it/ any %t/er a**iti)es t% be inGe'te*.
1 /ealt/ /aJar*s an* en)ir%nmental '%mpatibility
1 pr%)isi%ns +%r inGe'ti%n an* te'/ni2uesIpr%'e*ures +%r m%nit%rin( %+ in/ibit%r e++i'ien'y
1 '%nse2uen'es %+ +ailure t% a'/ie)e a*e2uate pr%te'ti%n. an* re*un*ant te'/ni2ues-
F%r pipelines 'arryin( untreate* ,ell +lui* %r %t/er +lui*s ,it/ /i(/ '%rr%si)ity an* ,it/ /i(/ re2uirements t%
sa+ety an* reliability. t/ere is a nee* t% )eri+y t/e e++i'ien'y %+ '/emi'al treatment by inte(rity m%nit%rin( usin(
a t%%l all%,in( ,all t/i'&ness measurements al%n( t/e +ull len(t/ %+ t/e pipeline Csee Se'-1"4- %rr%si%n pr%bes
an* m%nit%re* sp%%ls are primarily +%r *ete'ti%n %+ '/an(es in +lui* '%rr%si)ity an* are n%t appli'able +%r
)eri+i'ati%n %+ t/e inte(rity %+ t/e pipeline-
&*2 T/e *esi(n %+ '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l base* %n +lui* pr%'essin( an*I%r '/emi'al treatments s/%ul* be re)ie,e*
by %perat%rNs %perati%nal %r(anisati%n-
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $%2
SECT;ON &
CONSTRUCT;ON ;NE9;9E
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is se'ti%n spe'i+ies t/e re2uirements +%r manu+a'ture. testin( an* *%'umentati%n %+ linepipe- All
me'/ani'al pr%perties an* *imensi%nal t%leran'es s/all be met a+ter /eat treatment. e:pansi%n %r impansi%n.
an* +inal s/apin(-
)*4 6aterials sele'ti%n s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'->-
)*8 T/is se'ti%n *%es n%t '%)er any a'ti)ities ta&in( part a+ter t/e pipes /a)e been *ispat'/e* +r%m t/e pipe
mill. e-(- '%atin( an* (irt/ ,el*in(-
)*4 T/e re2uirements state* /erein +%r arb%n-6an(anese C-6n4 steel linepipe '%n+%rm in (eneral t% ISO
#1F# Anne: 70 SPSB " pipe %r*ere* +%r %++s/%re ser)i'eT. ,it/ s%me a**iti%nal an* m%*i+ie* re2uirements-
)*# 6anu+a'turers %+ linepipe s/all /a)e an implemente* 2uality assuran'e system a''%r*in( t% ISO H001-
A 4** A((lica%i!n
4*) T/e re2uirements are appli'able +%r linepipe ma*e %+0
1 -6n steel
1 'la* %r line* steel
1 '%rr%si%n resistant all%ys CRA4 in'lu*in( +erriti' - austeniti' C*uple:4 stainless steels. austeniti' stainless
steels. martensiti' stainless steels C1#r4. %t/er stainless steels an* ni'&el base* all%ys-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e prin'iples +r%m t/is stan*ar* may be applie* +%r %t/er materials. e-(- HNi steel- In su'/ 'ases. spe'i+i' material
re2uirements must be *e+ine* in t/e pr%Ge't spe'i+i'ati%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 6aterials. manu+a'turin( met/%*s an* pr%'e*ures t/at '%mply ,it/ re'%(nise* pra'ti'es %r pr%prietary
spe'i+i'ati%ns ,ill n%rmally be a''eptable pr%)i*e* t/ey '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ t/is se'ti%n-
8*) T/e %)erall re2uirements t% systemati' re)ie, in Se'-" ,ill apply +%r t/e linepipe manu+a'turers t%
re)ie, t/is se'ti%n an* e)aluate i+ t/e re2uirements in t/e pur'/ase %r*er an* t/is stan*ar* 'an be met-
A 4** 9r!cess !+ $an'+ac%'re
4*) -6n linepipe s/all be manu+a'ture* a''%r*in( t% %ne %+ t/e +%ll%,in( pr%'esses0
Seamless /S$#S0
Pipe manu+a'ture* by a /%t +%rmin( pr%'ess ,it/%ut ,el*in(- In %r*er t% %btain t/e re2uire* *imensi%ns. t/e
/%t +%rmin( may be +%ll%,e* by siJin( %r '%l* +inis/in(-
1igh &re*uency 6elded /1&60
Pipe +%rme* +r%m strip an* ,el*e* ,it/ %ne l%n(itu*inal seam +%rme* by ele'tri'-resistan'e ,el*in( applie*
by in*u'ti%n %r '%n*u'ti%n ,it/ a ,el*in( 'urrent +re2uen'y <0 &HJ. ,it/%ut t/e use %+ +iller metal- T/e
+%rmin( may be +%ll%,e* by '%l* e:pansi%n %r re*u'ti%n-
Submerged )rc(6elded /S)60
Pipe manu+a'ture* by +%rmin( +r%m strip %r plate an* ,it/ %ne l%n(itu*inal CSA@B4 %r /eli'al CSA@H4 seam
+%rme* by t/e submer(e* ar' pr%'ess. ,it/ at least %ne pass ma*e %n t/e insi*e an* %ne pass +r%m t/e %utsi*e
%+ t/e pipe- T/e +%rmin( may be +%ll%,e* by '%l* e:pansi%n %r re*u'ti%n-
4*4 RA linepipe may. in a**iti%n t% S6BS an* SA@B. be manu+a'ture* a''%r*in( t% %ne %+ t/e +%ll%,in(
pr%'esses0
!lectron -eam 6elded /!-60 and #aser -eam 6elded /#-60
Pipe +%rme* +r%m strip an* ,el*e* ,it/ %ne l%n(itu*inal seam. ,it/ %r ,it/%ut t/e use %+ +iller metal- T/e
+%rmin( may be +%ll%,e* by '%l* e:pansi%n %r re*u'ti%n t% %btain t/e re2uire* *imensi%nal t%leran'es- T/ese
,el*in( pr%'esses s/all be subGe't t% pre-2uali+i'ati%n testin( a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: -
$ultiple welding processes /$6P0
Pipe +%rme* +r%m strip %r plate an* l%n(itu*inally ,el*e* usin( a '%mbinati%n %+ t,% %r m%re ,el*in(
pr%'esses C6@PB4- I+ t/e '%mbinati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'esses /as n%t been use* pre)i%usly. pre-2uali+i'ati%n
testin( s/%ul* be '%n*u'te* a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: -
4*8 T/e ba'&in( steel %+ line* linepipe s/all '%mply ,it/ A;01-
4*4 T/e liner pipe %+ line* linepipe s/all be manu+a'ture* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ API =B-
4*# la* linepipe s/all be manu+a'ture* +r%m RA 'la* -6n steel plate by appli'ati%n %+ a sin(le l%n(itu*inal
,el*- @it/ respe't t% t/e ba'&in( steel. t/e pipe manu+a'turin( s/all be in (eneral '%mplian'e ,it/ %ne %+ t/e
manu+a'turin( r%utes +%r SA@ pipe as (i)en in Table <-1- T/e l%n(itu*inal ,el* s/all be 6@P Csee A;0"4-
A #** S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en%s
#*) @/en re2ueste* by t/e Pur'/aser an* state* in t/e materials spe'i+i'ati%n Cas re2uire* in A>004. linepipe
t% t/is stan*ar* s/all meet supplementary re2uirements (i)en in Subse'ti%n I. +%r0
1 H
"
S ser)i'e Cals% re+erre* t% as s%ur ser)i'e4. su++i: S Csee I1004
1 +ra'ture arrest pr%perties. su++i: F Csee I"004
1 linepipe +%r plasti' *e+%rmati%n. su++i: P Csee I#004
1 en/an'e* *imensi%nal re2uirements +%r linepipe. su++i: D Csee I;004
1 /i(/ utilisati%n. su++i: 8 Csee I=004-
A 5** ine(i(e s(eci+ica%i!n
5*) A linepipe spe'i+i'ati%n re+le'tin( t/e results %+ t/e materials sele'ti%n Csee Se'-> "004. re+errin( t% t/is
se'ti%n CSe'-<4 %+ t/e %++s/%re stan*ar*. s/all be prepare* by t/e Pur'/aser- T/e spe'i+i'ati%n s/all state any
a**iti%nal re2uirements t% an*I%r *e)iati%ns +r%m t/is stan*ar* relate* t% materials. manu+a'ture. +abri'ati%n
an* testin( %+ linepipe-
A &** Man'+ac%'ring (r!ce"'re s(eci+ica%i!n
&*) Pri%r t% start %+ pr%*u'ti%n. t/e 6anu+a'turer s/all prepare a 6anu+a'turin( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%n
C6PS4- T/e 6PS s/all *em%nstrate /%, t/e spe'i+ie* pr%perties may be a'/ie)e* an* )eri+ie* t/r%u(/%ut t/e
pr%p%se* manu+a'turin( r%ute-
T/e 6PS s/all a**ress all +a't%rs t/at in+luen'e t/e 2uality an* '%nsisten'y %+ t/e pr%*u't- All main
manu+a'turin( steps +r%m '%ntr%l %+ re'ei)e* ra, material t% s/ipment %+ +inis/e* pipe. in'lu*in( all
e:aminati%n an* '/e'& p%ints. s/all be %utline* in *etail-
Re+eren'es t% t/e pr%'e*ures establis/e* +%r t/e e:e'uti%n %+ all t/e in*i)i*ual pr%*u'ti%n steps s/all be
in'lu*e*-
&*4 T/e 6PS s/all as a minimum '%ntain t/e +%ll%,in( in+%rmati%n Cas appli'able40
1 steel pr%*u'er
1 planCs4 an* pr%'ess +l%, *es'ripti%nI*ia(ram
1 pr%Ge't spe'i+i' 2uality '%ntr%l plan
1 manu+a'turin( pr%'ess
1 tar(et '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n
1 steel ma&in( an* 'astin( te'/ni2ues
1 la*le treatments Cse'%n*ary re+inin(4. *e(assin(. *etails %+ in'lusi%n s/ape '%ntr%l. super /eat
1 met/%* use* t% ensure t/at su++i'ient am%unt %+ intermi:e* J%nes bet,een *i++erent %r*ers are rem%)e*
1 *etails an* +%ll%,-up %+ limitin( ma'r%. as ,ell as mi'r% se(re(ati%n. e-(- s%+t re*u'ti%n an* ele'tr%
ma(neti' stirrin( CE6S4 use* *urin( '%ntinu%us 'astin(
1 manu+a'turer an* manu+a'turin( l%'ati%n %+ ra, material an*I%r plate +%r ,el*e* pipes
1 billets re/eatin( temperature +%r seamless
1 all%,able )ariati%n in slab re/eatin( temperature. an* start an* st%p temperatures +%r +inis/in( mill an*
a''elerate* '%%lin(
1 met/%*s +%r '%ntr%llin( t/e /y*r%(en le)el Ce-(- sta'&in( %+ slabs an*I%r plates4
1 pipe-+%rmin( pr%'e*ure. in'lu*in( preparati%n %+ e*(es an* '%ntr%l %+ ali(nment an* s/ape Cin'lu*in(
,i*t/ %+ strip +%r HF@4
1 pr%'e*ure +%r /an*lin( %+ ,el*in( '%nsumable an* +lu:
1 all a'ti)ities relate* t% pr%*u'ti%n an* repair ,el*in(. in'lu*in( ,el*in( pr%'e*ures an* 2uali+i'ati%n
1 /eat treatment pr%'e*ures Cin'lu*in( in-line /eat treatment %+ t/e ,el* seam4 in'lu*in( all%,able )ariati%n
in pr%'ess parameters
1 met/%* +%r '%l* e:pansi%nIre*u'ti%nIsiJin(I+inis/in(. tar(et an* ma:imum siJin( rati%
1 /y*r%stati' test pr%'e*ures
1 NDT pr%'e*ures Cals% +%r stripIplate as appli'able4
1 list %+ spe'i+ie* me'/ani'al an* '%rr%si%n testin(
1 *imensi%nal '%ntr%l pr%'e*ures
1 pipe number all%'ati%n
1 pipe tra'&in( pr%'e*ure Ctra'eability pr%'e*ure4
1 mar&in(. '%atin( an* pr%te'ti%n pr%'e*ures
1 /an*lin(. l%a*in( an* s/ippin( pr%'e*ures-
A 2** Man'+ac%'ring (r!ce"'re <'ali+ica%i!n %es%
2*) T/e 6PS s/all be 2uali+ie* +%r ea'/ n%minal pipe *iameterO eit/er as part %+ +irst-*ay pr%*u'ti%n %r as a
separate 6P5T pri%r t% +ull-s'ale pr%*u'ti%n- F%r -6n steels ,it/ S6RS < ;F= 6Pa t/at are n%t inten*e*
+%r H
"
S ser)i'e. rele)ant *%'umentati%n may be a(ree* in lieu %+ 2uali+i'ati%n testin( pr%)i*in( all essential
)ariables in AF0< are a*/ere* t%-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Depen*in( %n t/e 'riti'ality %+ t/e pr%Ge't. it is re'%mmen*e* +%r all pr%Ge'ts t% 'are+ully e)aluate i+ t/e 6P5T s/%ul*
be '%n*u'te* pri%r t% start %+ pr%*u'ti%n-
It is n%t ne'essary t% per+%rm repeate* 2uali+i'ati%n testin( *urin( %ne an* t/e same pr%Ge't. e)en i+ t/e +abri'ati%n is
interrupte* by s%me ,ee&s- T/is is pr%)i*e* t/at all pr%'e*ures an* e2uipment remain un'/an(e*. an* t/at all
essential )ariables are a*/ere* t%-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
2*4 F%r -6n steels ,it/ S6RS _ ;=0 6Pa. t/e 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e 6PS s/%ul* be '%mplete* pri%r t% start
%+ pr%*u'ti%n-
2*8 Ea'/ 6P5T s/all in'lu*e +ull 2uali+i'ati%n %+ %ne pipe +r%m t,% *i++erent test units %+ *i++erent /eats Ca
t%tal %+ t,% pipes4- I+ t/e entire pr%*u'ti%n is limite* t% %ne /eat. t/e 6P5T may be per+%rme* %n a sin(le pipe
+r%m t/at /eat- T/e minimum type an* e:tent %+ '/emi'al. me'/ani'al. an* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( are (i)en
in t/is se'ti%n- T/is in'lu*es all pr%*u'ti%n tests plus a**iti%nal tests (i)en in Table <-F- Table <-1# an* Table
<-1=-
2*4 I+ t/e '%l* +%rmin( %+ -6n steel e:'ee*s =L strain a+ter /eat treatment. a(ein( tests s/all be per+%rme*
as part %+ t/e 2uali+i'ati%n testin(- T/e tests s/all be per+%rme* %n t/e a'tual pipe ,it/%ut any strai(/tenin( %r
a**iti%nal *e+%rmati%n. see App-! !1101- T/e abs%rbe* /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't ener(y in t/e a(e* '%n*iti%n
s/all meet t/e re2uirements in Table <-=-
2*# A**iti%nal 6PS 2uali+i'ati%n testin( may be re2uire* by Pur'/aser Ce-(- ,el*ability testin(. analysis +%r
tra'e elements +%r steel ma*e +r%m s'rap4. as part %+ t/e 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e 6PS Csee AF014- @el*ability tests
s/%ul* be per+%rme* usin( t/e same ,el*in( e2uipment as use* *urin( installati%n %r %n t/e laybar(e-
2*5 T/e )ali*ity %+ t/e 6P5T s/all be limite* t% t/e steelma&in(. r%llin(. an* manu+a'turin(I +abri'ati%n
+a'ilities use* *urin( t/e 2uali+i'ati%n-
2*& In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements state* ab%)e. t/e +%ll%,in( '/an(es Cas appli'able4 t% t/e manu+a'turin(
pr%'esses ,ill re2uire re-2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e 6PS Cessential )ariables40
1 any '/an(e in steelma&in( pra'ti'e
1 '/an(es bey%n* t/e all%,able )ariati%n +%r r%llin( pra'ti'e. a''elerate* '%%lin( an*I%r 5T pr%'ess
1 '/an(e in n%minal ,all t/i'&ness e:'ee*in( W =L t% -10L
1 '/an(e in la*le analysis +%r -6n steels %utsi*e 0-0"L . 0-0# E an*I%r 0-0" in P'm
1 any '/an(e in pipe +%rmin( pr%'ess.
1 any '/an(e in s
r
_ 0-00"= Csee !##" an* !###4
1 any '/an(e in ali(nment an* G%int *esi(n +%r ,el*in(
1 '/an(e in ,el*in( /eat input 1=L-
1 any '/an(e in ,el*in( ,ire type. t/i'&ness an* '%n+i(urati%n Cin'lu*in( number %+ ,ires4
1 any '/an(e in ,el*in( +lu:
1 any '/an(e in s/iel*in( (as
1 any '/an(e in ma&e. type an* m%*el %+ ,el*in( e2uipment-
T/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal essential )ariable applies t% HF@. E!@ an* B!@ pipe0
1 any '/an(e in n%minal t/i'&ness
1 '/an(e in ,el*in( /eat '%e++i'ient
5 ? Camps )%lts4 I Ctra)el spee* t/i'&ness4 =L
1 a**iti%n %r *eleti%n %+ an impe*er
1 '/an(e in r%llers p%siti%n an* strip ,i*t/ %utsi*e a(ree* t%leran'es-
In 'ase issues %nly relate* t% t/e ,el*in( pr%'ess /a)e been '/an(e*. t/e re-2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e 6PS may be
limite* t% t/e ,el* %nly Ce-(- n%t base material testin(4-
2*2 I+ %ne %r m%re tests in t/e 6P5T +ail. t/e 6PS s/all be re)ie,e* an* m%*i+ie* a''%r*in(ly. an* a
'%mplete re-2uali+i'ati%n per+%rme*- Re-testin( may be all%,e* subGe't t% a(reement- In t/e spe'i+i' 'ase %+
+aile* +usi%n line VN tests C,it/ re+eren'e t% l%'al brittle J%nes4. retestin( %+ +urt/er " sets rem%)e* +r%m t/e
+aile* 6P5 pipe Cat t/e same p%siti%n relati)e t% t/e ,all t/i'&ness4 is permitte* pri%r t% *e'larin( t/e 6P5T
as /a)in( +aile* Csee !=104-
3. Car6!n Manganese .C-Mn/ S%eel ine(i(e
3 )** General
)*) -6n steel linepipe +abri'ate* a''%r*in( t% t/is stan*ar* (enerally '%n+%rm t% t/e re2uirements in ISO
#1F# Anne: 70 SPSB " pipe %r*ere* +%r %++s/%re ser)i'eT- Any a**iti%nal %r m%*i+ie* re2uirements t% ISO #1F#
Anne: 7 are /i(/li(/te* in t/is subse'ti%n C!4 as *es'ribe* in !10" an* !10#-
)dditional or modified re*uirements
)*4 Para(rap/s ,it/ a**iti%nal re2uirements t% ISO #1F# are mar&e* at t/e en* %+ t/e rele)ant para(rap/
,it/ AR-
Para(rap/s ,it/ m%*i+ie* re2uirements '%mpare* t% ISO #1F# are mar&e* at t/e en* %+ t/e rele)ant para(rap/
,it/ 6R-
)*8 A**iti%nal %r m%*i+ie* re2uirements ,/en (i)en in tables are mar&e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10" ,it/ AR
an* 6R in t/e rele)ant table 'ells-
3 4** 9i(e "esigna%i!n
4*) -6n steel linepipe s/all be *esi(nate* ,it/0
1 DNV
1 pr%'ess %+ manu+a'ture
1 S6RS
1 supplementary re2uirement su++i: Csee Subse'ti%n I4. as appli'able- 6R
G'i"ance n!%eF
E-(- SDNV S6BS ;=0 SPT *esi(nates a seamless pipe ,it/ S6RS ;=0 6Pa. meetin( t/e supplementary re2uirements
+%r H
"
S ser)i'e an* plasti' *e+%rmati%n Ce-(- reelin( installati%n4 pr%perties-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
3 8** Man'+ac%'ring
Starting material and steel ma.ing
8*) -6n steel linepipe s/all be manu+a'ture* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e pr%'esses (i)en in A;00 usin( t/e
startin( materials an* '%rresp%n*in( +%rmin( met/%*s an* +inal /eat treatment as (i)en in Table <-1-
8*4 All manu+a'turin( in'lu*in( steel ma&in( an* t/e ra, materials use* s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e
2uali+ie* 6PS. +%ll%, t/e same a'ti)ity se2uen'e. an* stay ,it/in t/e a(ree* all%,able )ariati%ns-
8*8 All steels s/all be ma*e by an ele'tri' %r %ne %+ t/e basi' %:y(en pr%'esses- -6n steel s/all be +ully
&ille* an* ma*e t% a +ine (rain pra'ti'e-
General re*uirements to manufacture of seamless pipe
8*4 S6BS pipe s/all be manu+a'ture* +r%m '%ntinu%usly Cstran*4 'ast %r in(%t steel-
8*# I+ t/e pr%'ess %+ '%l* +inis/in( is use*. t/is s/all be state* in t/e inspe'ti%n *%'ument-
8*5 Pipe en*s s/all be 'ut ba'& su++i'iently a+ter r%llin( t% ensure +ree*%m +r%m *e+e'ts- AR
General re*uirements to manufacture of welded pipe
8*& Strip an* plate use* +%r t/e manu+a'ture %+ ,el*e* pipe s/%ul* be r%lle* +r%m '%ntinu%usly Cstran*4 'ast
%r pressure 'ast slabs- Strip %r plate s/all n%t '%ntain any repair ,el*s-
8*2 T/e strip ,i*t/ +%r spiral ,el*e* pipes s/%ul* n%t be less t/an 0-F an* n%t m%re t/an #-0 times t/e pipe
*iameter- Strip an* plate s/all be inspe'te* )isually a+ter r%llin(. eit/er %+ t/e plate. %+ t/e un'%ile* strip %r %+
t/e '%il e*(es-
8*: I+ a(ree*. strip an* plate s/all be inspe'te* ultras%ni'ally +%r laminar imper+e'ti%ns %r me'/ani'al
*ama(e. eit/er be+%re %r a+ter 'uttin( t/e strip %r plate. %r t/e '%mplete* pipe s/all be subGe'te* t% +ull-b%*y
inspe'ti%n. in'lu*in( ultras%ni' inspe'ti%n. see Table <-1>-
8)* Plate %r strip s/all be 'ut t% t/e re2uire* ,i*t/ an* t/e ,el* be)el prepare* by millin( %r %t/er a(ree*
met/%*s be+%re +%rmin(- AR
8)) %l* +%rmin( Ci-e- bel%, "=0]4 %+ -6n steel s/all n%t intr%*u'e a plasti' *e+%rmati%n e:'ee*in( =L.
unless /eat treatment is per+%rme* %r a(ein( tests s/%, a''eptable results Csee AF0;4- AR
8)4 N%rmalisin( +%rmin( %+ materials an* ,el*ments s/all be per+%rme* as re'%mmen*e* by t/e
6anu+a'turers %+ t/e plateIstrip an* ,el*in( '%nsumables- AR
8)8 @el*in( pers%nnel +%r e:e'uti%n %+ all ,el*in( %perati%ns s/all be 2uali+ie* by in-/%use trainin(- T/e
in-/%use trainin( pr%(ram s/all be a)ailable +%r re)ie, %n re2uest by Pur'/aser- AR
8)4 @el*in( an* repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r t/e seam ,el* s/all be 2uali+ie* as part %+ 6P5T- AR
8)# T/e +%ll%,in( types %+ repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ure s/all. as a minimum. be 2uali+ie*0
1 Ar' st%pIrestart
1 S/all%, repair Csin(le pass is n%t all%,e*. a minimum %+ " passes4
1 Deep repair Cminimum 10L %+ @T. but n%t '%)erin( t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repair4- T/e *ept/ %+ t/e (r%%)e
s/%ul* be set by t/e 6anu+a'turer-
Ot/er repair pr%'e*ures may be 2uali+ie*. i+ a(ree*- Repair ,el*in( s/all be 2uali+ie* in a manner realisti'ally
simulatin( t/e repair situati%n t% be 2uali+ie*- AR
8)5 @el*s '%ntainin( *e+e'ts may be l%'ally repaire* by ,el*in(. a+ter '%mplete rem%)al %+ all *e+e'ts- AR
8)& T/e manu+a'turer s/all ensure stable temperature '%n*iti%ns *urin( ,el*in(- A minimum pre-,el*in(
temperature s/all be establis/e*- I+ SA@ seam ,el*in( is *%ne in m%re t/an %ne pass per si*e. t/en a ma:imum
interpass temperature s/all be 2uali+ie*- AR
8)2 B%, /y*r%(en ,el*in( '%nsumables s/all be use* an* s/all (i)e a *i++usible /y*r%(en '%ntent %+
ma:imum = mlI100 ( ,el* metal- AR
8): @el*in( '%nsumables s/all be in*i)i*ually mar&e* an* supplie* ,it/ an inspe'ti%n 'erti+i'ate a''%r*in(
t% EN 10"0; %r an e2ui)alent material 'erti+i'ati%n s'/eme- @el*in( ,ire s/all be supplie* ,it/ 'erti+i'ate type
#-1. ,/ile 'erti+i'ate type "-" is su++i'ient +%r SA@ Flu:- AR
84* Han*lin( %+ ,el*in( '%nsumables an* t/e e:e'uti%n an* 2uality assuran'e %+ ,el*in( s/all meet t/e
re2uirements %+ in-/%use 2uality pr%'e*ures- AR
S)6 pipe
84) Any lubri'ant an* '%ntaminati%n %n t/e ,el* be)el %r t/e surr%un*in( areas s/all be rem%)e* be+%re
ma&in( t/e seam ,el*s %+ SA@B pipes %r SA@H pipes-
844 Ta'& ,el*s s/all be ma*e by0 manual %r semi-aut%mati' submer(e*-ar' ,el*in(. ele'tri' ,el*in(. (as
metal-ar' ,el*in(. (as tun(sten-ar' ,el*in(. +lu:-'%re* ar' ,el*in(O %r s/iel*e* metal-ar' ,el*in( usin( a l%,
/y*r%(en ele'tr%*e- Ta'& ,el*s s/all be melte* an* '%ales'e* int% t/e +inal ,el* seam %r rem%)e* by ma'/inin(-
848 Intermittent ta'& ,el*in( %+ t/e SA@B (r%%)e s/all n%t be use* unless Pur'/aser /as appr%)e* *ata
+urnis/e* by 6anu+a'turer t% *em%nstrate t/at all me'/ani'al pr%perties spe'i+ie* +%r t/e pipe are %btainable
at b%t/ t/e ta'& ,el* an* interme*iate p%siti%ns-
844 8nless '%mparati)e tests results %+ *i++usible /y*r%(en )ersus +lu: m%isture '%ntent are pr%)i*e* Cmeetin(
t/e re2uirement in !#1F4. t/e ma:imum resi*ual m%isture '%ntent %+ a((l%merate* +lu: s/all be 0-0#L-
Repair welding of all welded pipes
84# 3eneral re2uirements t% repair ,el*in(0
1 Any repair ,el*in( s/all be 'arrie* %ut pri%r t% '%l* e:pansi%n an* +inal /eat treatment-
1 Repeate* repairs s/all be subGe't t% a(reement-
1 Repair ,el*in( %+ 'ra'&s is n%t permitte*-
1 A l%'al ,el* repair s/all be at least =0 mm l%n( %r ; times t/e repair *ept/. ,/i'/e)er is l%n(er-
1 T/e e:'a)ate* p%rti%n %+ t/e ,el* s/all be lar(e en%u(/ t% ensure '%mplete rem%)al %+ t/e *e+e't. an* t/e
en*s an* si*es %+ t/e e:'a)ati%n s/all /a)e a (ra*ual taper +r%m t/e b%tt%m %+ t/e e:'a)ati%n t% t/e sur+a'e-
I+ air-ar' (%u(in( is use*. t/e last # mm s/all be rem%)e* by me'/ani'al means t% rem%)e any 'arb%n
enri'/e* J%nes- Rem%)al %+ less t/an # mm may be a''epte* i+ it 'an be *%'umente* t/at t/e 'arb%n
enri'/e* J%nes /as been satis+a't%rily rem%)e*-
1 @el* repairs s/all be (r%un* t% mer(e sm%%t/ly int% t/e %ri(inal ,el* '%nt%ur-
845 5uali+i'ati%n testin( %+ repair ,el*s s/all be *es'ribe* in t/e 6PS- It s/all be *%'umente* t/at t/e repair
,el* metal. in'lu*in( all transiti%n J%nes Ce-(- inter+a'e bet,een ne, an* %l* ,el* metal al%n( an* at t/e en*
%+ repairs4 meets t/e same re2uirements as t/e %ri(inal ,el* metal an* HAU- AR
G'i"ance n!%eF
It is re'%mmen*e* t% re)ie, t/e test an* 2uali+i'ati%n re(ime *es'ribe* in DNV-OS-F101. Appen*i: Table -;-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
1&6 pipe
84& T/e abuttin( e*(es %+ t/e strip %r plate s/%ul* be mille* %r ma'/ine* imme*iately be+%re ,el*in(- T/e
,el* +las/ s/all be rem%)e* %n b%t/ e:ternal an* internal sur+a'e as re2uire* in Appen*i: D. Table D-;-
842 T/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e strip %r plate s/%ul* be '%ntinu%usly m%nit%re*- AR
84: T/e ,el* seam an* t/e HAU s/all be +ully n%rmaliJe* subse2uent t% ,el*in(- 6R
1eat treatment
88* Heat treatments %+ S6BS an* ,el*e* pipe s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% *%'umente* pr%'e*ures use*
*urin( 6P5T-
88) T/e *%'umente* pr%'e*ures s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ any re'%mmen*ati%ns +r%m t/e material
6anu+a'turer ,it/ re(ar* t% /eatin( an* '%%lin( rates. s%a&in( time. an* s%a&in( temperature- AR
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $$%
%old e"pansion and cold si,ing
884 T/e e:tent %+ '%l* siJin( an* '%l* +%rmin( e:presse* as t/e siJin( rati% s
r
. s/all be 'al'ulate* a''%r*in(
t% t/e +%ll%,in( +%rmula0
s
r
? V
a
-
b
V I
b
,/ere
a
is t/e a'tual %utsi*e *iameter a+ter siJin(
b
is t/e a'tual %utsi*e *iameter be+%re siJin(-
T/e a'tual %utsi*e *iameter s/%ul* be measure* ,it/ a tape measure Ci-e- perimeter as an a)era(e %+ all p%ssible
*iameters4- T/e siJin( rati% s/%ul* be '/e'&e* e)ery s/i+t. pre+erably at b%t/ en*s %+ t/e pipe- 6R
888 T/e siJin( rati% %+ '%l* e:pan*e* pipe s/%ul* be ,it/in t/e ran(e 0-00# M s
r
0-01=- E:pansi%n s/all
n%t intr%*u'e /i(/ l%'al *e+%rmati%ns-
884 Pipes may be '%l* siJe* t% t/eir +inal *imensi%ns by e:pansi%n %r re*u'ti%n- T/is s/all n%t pr%*u'e
e:'essi)e permanent strain- T/e siJin( rati%. s
r .
s/all n%t e:'ee* 0-01= i+ n% subse2uent /eat treatment %r %nly
/eat treatment %+ t/e ,el* area is per+%rme*-
88# T/e siJin( rati%. s
r .
+%r '%l* siJin( %+ pipe en*s s/all n%t e:'ee* 0-01= unless t/e entire pipe en*s are
subse2uently stress relie)e*-
&inish of pipe ends
885 Pipe en*s s/%ul* be 'ut s2uare an* be +ree +r%m burrs- 6R
88& T/e internal ,el* bea* s/all be (r%un* t% a /ei(/t %+ 0 t% 0-= mm +%r a *istan'e %+ at least 100 mm at
b%t/ pipe en*s- T/is re2uirement is n%t appli'able t% HF@ pipes-
Ta6le &-) C-Mn s%eels= acce(%a6le $an'+ac%'ring r!'%es
Type of
pipe
Starting $aterial Pipe forming &inal heat treatment elivery
condition
14
S6BS In(%t. bl%%m %r billet
N%rmalisin( +%rmin( N%ne N
H%t +%rmin(
N%rmalisin( %r 5T
"4
N %r 5
H%t +%rmin( an* '%l* +inis/in( N %r 5
HF@
N%rmalisin( r%lle* strip
%l* +%rmin(
N%rmalisin( %+ ,el* area N
T/erm%-me'/ani'al r%lle* strip
Heat treatin( %+ ,el* area 6
Heat treatin( %+ ,el* area
an* stress relie)in( %+
entire pipe
6
H%t r%lle* %r n%rmalisin( r%lle*
strip
%l* +%rmin(
N%rmalisin( %+ entire
pipe
N
5T
"4
%+ entire pipe 5
%l* +%rmin( an* /%t re*u'ti%n
un*er '%ntr%lle* temperature.
resultin( in a n%rmalise* '%n*iti%n
N%ne
N
%l* +%rmin( +%ll%,e* by
t/erm%me'/ani'al +%rmin( %+ pipe
6
SA@
N%rmalise* %r n%rmalisin(
r%lle* plate %r strip
%l* +%rmin(
N%ne. unless re2uire*
*ue t% *e(ree %+ '%l*
+%rmin(
N
T/erm%-me'/ani'al r%lle*
plate %r strip
6
5T
"4
plate %r strip 5
As-r%lle*. 5T
"4
. n%rmalise* %r
n%rmalisin( r%lle* plate %r strip
N%rmalisin( +%rmin( N%ne N
%l* +%rmin(
N%rmalisin( N
5T
"4
5
4otes
14 T/e *eli)ery '%n*iti%ns are0 SN%rmalise*T *en%te* N. S5uen'/e* an* Tempere*T. *en%te* 5. an* ST/erm%me'/ani'al r%lle* %r
+%rme*T. *en%te* 6-
"4 5uen'/e* an* Tempere*-
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $$$
882 T/e %utsi*e ,el* bea* s/all be (r%un* t% a /ei(/t %+ ma:imum 0-= mm +%r a *istan'e %+ at least "=0 mm
at b%t/ pipe en*s- T/e transiti%n t% t/e base materialIpipe b%*y s/all be sm%%t/ an* ,it/%ut a n%ti'eable step-
6R
88: I+ a(ree*. internal ma'/inin( %r (rin*in( may be 'arrie* %ut- In 'ase %+ ma'/inin(. t/e +%ll%,in(
re2uirements s/all be a*/ere* t%0
1 i+ re2uire* in t/e pur'/ase %r*er t/e internal taper s/all be l%'ate* at a *e+ine* minimum *istan'e +r%m
+uture be)el t% +a'ilitate 8T %r A8T
1 t/e an(le %+ t/e internal taper. measure* +r%m t/e l%n(itu*inal a:is s/all n%t e:'ee* <-0] +%r ,el*e* pipe-
F%r S6BS pipe t/e ma:imum an(le %+ t/e internal taper s/all be as (i)en in Table <-"- 6R
2ointers and strip end welds
84* 7%inters s/%ul* n%t be use*-
84) I+ use*. t/e G%inter 'ir'um+erential ,el* s/all be 2uali+ie* a''%r*in( t% t/e re2uirements +%r pipeline (irt/
,el*s (i)en in Appen*i: - Pr%*u'ti%n testin( re2uirements +%r G%inters s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO #1F#-
Ot/er manu+a'turin( re2uirements s/all '%mply ,it/ Anne: A %+ ISO #1F#-
844 Apart +r%m linepipe supplie* as '%ile* tubin(. strip I plate en* ,el*s s/%ul* n%t be permitte*- 6R
848 I+ use*. see !#;1. strip I plate en* ,el*s s/all '%mply ,it/ all appli'able re2uirements in ISO #1F#-
Re(processing
844 In 'ase any me'/ani'al tests +ail *urin( pr%*u'ti%n %+ pipe +r%m *eli)ery '%n*iti%n N %r 5. it is
a''eptable t% '%n*u't %ne re-/eat treatment 'y'le %+ t/e entire test unit- All me'/ani'al testin( s/all be repeate*
a+ter re-/eat treatment- N% re-pr%'essin( is all%,e* %+ *eli)ery '%n*iti%n 6 material unless %t/er,ise a(ree*-
AR
Traceability
84# A system +%r tra'eability %+ t/e /eat number. /eat treatment bat'/ an* test unit number an* t/e re'%r*s
+r%m all re2uire* tests t% ea'/ in*i)i*ual pipe s/all be establis/e* an* *es'ribe* in t/e 6PS Csee A<0"4-
Re2uire* repairs an* re'%r*s %+ *imensi%nal testin( an* all %t/er re2uire* inspe'ti%ns s/all be in'lu*e*- are
s/all be e:er'ise* *urin( st%ra(e an* /an*lin( t% preser)e t/e i*enti+i'ati%n %+ materials- 6R
3 4** Acce(%ance cri%eria
%hemical composition
4*) T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%ns (i)en in Table <-# are appli'able t% pipes ,it/ *eli)ery '%n*iti%n N %r 5
Cn%rmalise* %r 2uen'/e* an* tempere* a''%r*in( t% Table <-14. ,it/ n%minal ,all t/i'&ness t "= mm-
4*4 T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%ns (i)en in Table <-; are appli'able t% pipes ,it/ *eli)ery '%n*iti%n 6
Ct/erm%me'/ani'al +%rme* %r r%lle* a''%r*in( t% Table <-14. ,it/ n%minal t/i'&ness t #= mm- 6R
4*8 F%r pipes ,it/ n%minal ,all t/i'&ness lar(er t/an t/e limits in*i'ate* in !;01 an* !;0". t/e '/emi'al
'%mp%siti%n s/all be subGe't t% a(reement-
4*4 F%r pipe ,it/ a 'arb%n '%ntent 0-1"L Cpr%*u't analysis4. 'arb%n e2ui)alents s/all be *etermine* usin(
t/e P
'm
+%rmula as (i)en in Table <-# an* Table <-;- I+ t/e /eat analysis +%r b%r%n is less t/an 0-000=L. t/en
it is n%t ne'essary +%r t/e pr%*u't analysis t% in'lu*e b%r%n. an* t/e b%r%n '%ntent may be '%nsi*ere* t% be Jer%
+%r t/e P
'm
'al'ulati%n-
4*# F%r pipe ,it/ a 'arb%n '%ntent _ 0-1"L Cpr%*u't analysis4 'arb%n e2ui)alents s/all be *etermine* usin(
t/e %! +%rmula as (i)en in Table <-#-
Tensile properties
4*5 T/e tensile pr%perties s/all be as (i)en in Table <-=-
G'i"ance n!%e )F
T/e el%n(ati%n re2uirements in Table <-= are base* %n a +%rmula i*enti'al in API =B. ISO #1F# an* DNV-OS-F101-
T/e +%rmula is 'alibrate* +%r use ,it/ tensile test spe'imens prepare* a''%r*in( t% AST6 A#<0 Ci-e- API test
spe'imens4- It s/%ul* be n%te* t/at t/e same material teste* ,it/ spe'imens base* %n AST6 A#<0 an* ISO >FH" 'an
(i)e *i++erent el%n(ati%n results *ue t% t/e *i++erent spe'imen (e%metries-
Ta6le &-4 Ma,i$'$ angle !+ in%ernal %a(er +!r
SMS (i(e
6all thic.ness t CmmD $a". angle of taper CED
M 10-= <-0
10-= t M 1;-0 H-=
1;-0 t M 1<-0 11-0
1<-0 1;-0
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $$&
In (eneral it s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere* t% use AST6 A#<0 spe'imens +%r n%rmal tensile testin(. sin'e t/is ,%ul* (i)e t/e
best '%rresp%n*en'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in Table <-=-
Tensile spe'imens base* %n ISO >FH" 'an be use*. but t/en t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria s/%ul* be re)ie,e*- S%me %pti%ns
areO Ci4 use t/e )alues +r%m Table <-=. Cii4 *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n per+%rm a number %+ tests %n b%t/ types %+ spe'imens
t% establis/ an empiri'al '%rresp%n*en'e +%r t/e spe'i+i' material %r Ciii4 *e+ine el%n(ati%n 'riteria base* %n rele)ant
testin( e:perien'e an* e:istin( *%'umentati%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
T/ere is in'reasin( interest am%n( %perat%rs an* installati%n '%ntra't%rs +%r *i(italIele'tr%ni' )ersi%n %+ t/e stress-
strain 'ur)es- T/e a*)anta(e %+ *i(itally st%re* tensile test *ata is t/e ease %+ +urt/er analysis an* use in 'al'ulati%ns
E b%t/ statisti'al +%r a pr%*u'ti%n run an* als% in l%a*Istrain simulati%ns-
6anu+a'turers s/%ul* ma&e preparati%ns in 'ase a pr%Ge't-spe'i+i' re2uirement is in'lu*e* in a '%ntra't %r
spe'i+i'ati%n- As a minimum all tensile tests *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n s/%ul* be st%re* an* transmitte* ele'tr%ni'ally-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*& F%r trans)erse ,el* tensile testin(. t/e ultimate tensile stren(t/ s/all be at least e2ual t% t/e S6TS-
1ardness
4*2 T/e /ar*ness in t/e !ase 6aterial C!64. @el* 6etal C@64 an* t/e Heat A++e'te* U%ne CHAU4 s/all
'%mply ,it/ Table <-=- AR
%;4 impact test
4*: Re2uirements +%r /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't pr%perties +%r linepipe !6. @6 an* HAU are (i)en in Table
<-=- T/ese )alues s/all be met ,/en teste* at t/e temperatures (i)en in Table <->- 6R
4)* Testin( %+ /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't pr%perties s/all. in (eneral. be per+%rme* %n test spe'imens 10 10
mm- @/ere test pie'es %+ ,i*t/ M 10 mm are use*. t/e measure* a)era(e impa't ener(y CKV
m
4 an* t/e test
pie'e 'r%ss-se'ti%n measure* un*er t/e n%t'/ CA4 Cmm
"
4 s/all be rep%rte*- F%r '%mparis%n ,it/ t/e )alues in
Table <-=. t/e measure* ener(y s/all be '%n)erte* t% t/e impa't ener(y CKV4 in 7%ules usin( t/e +%rmula0
AR
4)) Fr%m t/e set %+ t/ree /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't spe'imens. %nly %ne is all%,e* t% be bel%, t/e spe'i+ie*
a)era(e )alue an* s/all meet t/e minimum sin(le )alue re2uirement- AR
&lattening test
4)4 F%r HF@ pipe ,it/ S6RS ;1= 6Pa an* ,all t/i'&ness 1"-< mm. t/ere s/all be n% %penin( %+ t/e
,el* be+%re t/e *istan'e bet,een t/e plates is less t/an >>L %+ t/e %ri(inal %utsi*e *iameter- F%r all %t/er
'%mbinati%ns %+ pipe (ra*e an* spe'i+ie* ,all t/i'&ness. t/ere s/all be n% %penin( %+ t/e ,el* be+%re t/e
*istan'e bet,een t/e plates is less t/an =0L %+ t/e %ri(inal %utsi*e *iameter-
4)8 F%r HF@ pipe ,it/ a DIt
"
_ 10. t/ere s/all be n% 'ra'&s %r brea&s %t/er t/an in t/e ,el* be+%re t/e
*istan'e bet,een t/e plates is less t/an ##L %+ t/e %ri(inal %utsi*e *iameter-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e ,el* e:ten*s t% a *istan'e. %n ea'/ si*e %+ t/e ,el* line. %+ >-; mm +%r D M >0-# mm. an* 1# mm +%r D >0-# mm-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
Guided(bend test
4)4 T/e (ui*e*-ben* test pie'es s/all n%t0
1 +ra'ture '%mpletely
1 re)eal any 'ra'&s %r ruptures in t/e ,el* metal l%n(er t/an #-" mm. re(ar*less %+ *ept/. %r
1 re)eal any 'ra'&s %r ruptures in t/e parent metal. HAU. %r +usi%n line l%n(er t/an #-" mm %r *eeper t/an
1"-=L %+ t/e spe'i+ie* ,all t/i'&ness-
H%,e)er. 'ra'&s t/at %''ur at t/e e*(es %+ t/e test pie'e *urin( testin( s/all n%t be 'ause +%r reGe'ti%n. pr%)i*e*
t/at t/ey are n%t l%n(er t/an >-; mm-
C<-14
F;
F 10 F;
m

)
--------------------------------- ?
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $$'
Ta6le &-8 Che$ical c!$(!si%i!n +!r C-Mn s%eel (i(e 1i%h "eli-er7 c!n"i%i!n N !r E= a((lica6le +!r
sea$less an" 1el"e" (i(e.
S$9S
Product analysis+ ma"imum. wt.G
%arbon
e*uivalents
%
14
Si $n
14
P S ; 4b Ti 5ther
"4
%!
#4
P
'm
;4
Pipe ,it/ *eli)ery '%n*iti%n N Cn%rmalise* a''%r*in( t% Table <-14
";= 0-1; 0-;0 1-#= 0-0"0 0-010 N%te
=4
N%te
=4
0-0; N%tes
>.<4
0-#> 0-1H
F4
"H0 0-1; 0-;0 1-#= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0= 0-0= 0-0; N%te
<4
0-#> 0-1H
F4
#"0 0-1; 0-;0 1-;0 0-0"0 0-010 0-0< 0-0= 0-0; N%tes
>.<4
0-#F 0-"0
F4
#>0 0-1> 0-;= 1->= 0-0"0 0-010 0-10 0-0= 0-0; N%tes
>4
0-;# 0-""
F4
Pipe ,it/ *eli)ery '%n*iti%n 5 C2uen'/e* an* tempere* a''%r*in( t% Table <-14
";= 0-1; 0-;0 1-#= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0; 0-0; 0-0; N%te
<4
0-#; 0-1H
F4
"H0 0-1; 0-;0 1-#= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0; 0-0; 0-0; N%te
<4
0-#; 0-1H
F4
#"0 0-1= 0-;= 1-;0 0-0"0 0-010 0-0= 0-0= 0-0; N%te
<4
0-#> 0-"0
F4
#>0 0-1> 0-;= 1->= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0< 0-0= 0-0; N%tes
>.H4
0-#H 0-"0
F4
#H0 0-1> 0-;= 1->= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0< 0-0= 0-0; N%tes
>.H4
0-;0 0-"1
F4
;1= 0-1> 0-;= 1->= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0F 0-0= 0-0; N%tes
>.H4
0-;1 0-""
F4
;=0 0-1> 0-;= 1->= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0H 0-0= 0-0> N%tes
>.H4
0-;" 0-""
F4
;F= 0-1< 0-;= 1-<= 0-0"0 0-010 0-10 0-0= 0-0> N%tes
>.H4
0-;" 0-"#
F4
=== 0-1< 0-;= 1-F= 0-0"0 0-010 0-10 0-0> 0-0> N%tes
>.H4
As a(ree*
4otes
14 F%r ea'/ re*u'ti%n %+ 0-01L bel%, t/e spe'i+ie* ma:imum +%r 'arb%n. an in'rease %+ 0-0=L ab%)e t/e spe'i+ie* ma:imum +%r
man(anese is permissible. up t% a ma:imum in'rease %+ 0-"0L-
"4 Al t%tal 0-0>0LO N 0-01"LO AlIN "01 Cn%t appli'able t% titanium-&ille* steel %r titanium-treate* steel4-
#4
;4
=4 T/e sum %+ t/e ni%bium an* )ana*ium '%ntents s/%ul* be 0-0>L-
>4 T/e sum %+ t/e ni%bium. )ana*ium. an* titanium '%ntents s/all be 0-1=L-
<4 u 0-#=LO Ni 0-#0LO r 0-#0LO 6% 0-10LO ! 0-000=L-
F4 F%r S6BS pipe. t/e liste* )alue is in'rease* by 0-0#. up t% a ma:imum %+ 0-"=-
H4 u 0-=0LO Ni 0-=0LO r 0-=0LO 6% 0-=0LO ! 0-000=L-
Ta6le &-4 Che$ical c!$(!si%i!n +!r C-Mn s%eel (i(e 1i%h "eli-er7 c!n"i%i!n M
.%her$!-$echanical +!r$e" !r r!lle" acc!r"ing %! Ta6le &-)/.
S6RS
Product analysis+ ma"imum. wt.G
%arbon
e*uivalent
%
14
Si $n
14
P S ; 4b Ti 5ther
"4
P
'm
#4
";= 0-1" 0-;0 1-"= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0; 0-0; 0-0; N%te
;4
0-1H
"H0 0-1" 0-;0 1-#= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0; 0-0; 0-0; N%te
;4
0-1H
#"0 0-1" 0-;= 1-#= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0= 0-0= 0-0; N%te
;4
0-"0
#>0 0-1" 0-;= 1->= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0= 0-0= 0-0; N%tes
=.>4
0-"0
#H0 0-1" 0-;= 1->= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0> 0-0F 0-0; N%tes
=.>4
0-"1
;1= 0-1" 0-;= 1->= 0-0"0 0-010 0-0F 0-0F 0-0> N%tes
=.>4
0-"1
;=0 0-1" 0-;= 1->= 0-0"0 0-010 0-10 0-0F 0-0> N%tes
=.>4
0-""
;F= 0-1" 0-;= 1-<= 0-0"0 0-010 0-10 0-0F 0-0> N%tes
=.>4
0-""
<4
=== 0-1" 0-;= 1-F= 0-0"0 0-010 0-10 0-0F 0-0> N%tes
=.>4
0-";
<4
4otes
"4 Al t%tal 0-0>0LO N 0-01"LO AlIN "01 Cn%t appli'able t% titanium-&ille* steel %r titanium-treate* steel4-
#4
;4 u 0-#=LO Ni 0-#0LO r 0-#0LO 6% 0-10LO ! 0-000=L-
=4 T/e sum %+ t/e ni%bium. )ana*ium. an* titanium '%ntents s/all be 0-1=L-
>4 u 0-=0LO Ni 0-=0LO r 0-=0LO 6% 0-=0LO ! 0-000=L-
<4 F%r n%minal ,all t/i'&ness t _ "= mm t/e 'arb%n e2ui)alent may be in'rease* ,it/ 0-01-
( ) ( )
<H
%u 4i
H
; $o %r
I
$n
% %!
+
+
+ +
+ + =
- H
<=
;
<H
$o
J=
%r
I=
4i
J=
%u
J=
$n
K=
Si
% P
cm
+ + + + + + + + =
- H
<=
;
<H
$o
J=
%r
I=
4i
J=
%u
J=
$n
K=
Si
% P
cm
+ + + + + + + + =
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $$1
&racture toughness of weld seam
4)# T/e measure* +ra'ture t%u(/ness s/all as a minimum /a)e a TOD )alue %+ 0-1= mm. ,/en teste* at
t/e minimum *esi(n temperature- AR
$acro e"amination of weld seam
4)5 T/e ma'r% se'ti%n s/all s/%, a s%un* ,el* mer(in( sm%%t/ly int% t/e base material ,it/%ut ,el*
*e+e'ts a''%r*in( t% App-D Table D-;- %mplete re-meltin( %+ ta'& ,el*s s/all be *em%nstrate* +%r *%uble
si*e* SA@ pipes- 6P5T ,el*s s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ ISO =F1< 5uality le)el - AR
4)& T/e misali(nment %+ t/e a:es %+ internal an* e:ternal ,el* seams an* t/e ,el* interpenetrati%n %+ *%uble
si*e* SA@ pipes s/all be )eri+ie* %n t/e ma'r% se'ti%n an* meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in Appen*i: D. Table D-;-
$etallographic e"amination of 1&6 pipe
4)2 T/e metall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n s/all be *%'umente* by mi'r%(rap/s at su++i'ient ma(ni+i'ati%n an*
res%luti%n t% *em%nstrate t/at n% *etrimental %:i*es +r%m t/e ,el*in( pr%'ess are present al%n( t/e ,el* line- AR
Ta6le &-# C-Mn s%eel (i(e= $echanical (r!(er%ies
9ield strength
R
t=+H
C$PaD
Tensile strength
Rm
C$PaD
Ratio
R
t=+H
/R
m
!longation
in H=.L mm
)
f
CGD
1ardness
C1;<=D
%harpy ;(notch
energy /F;T0 for
-$+ 6$ and 1):
<0

C2D
-$+ 6$ 1):
S$9S min. ma". min.
"4
ma". ma". min. ma". average $in.
";= ";= ;=0
#4
;1= <>0
0-H# N%te ;4
"<0
#00
"< ""
"H0 "H0 ;H= ;1= <>0 "<0 #0 ";
#"0 #"0 ="0 ;#= <>0 "<0 #" "<
#>0 #>0 ="= ;>0 <>0 "<0 #> #0
#H0 #H0 =;0 ;H0 <>0 "<0 #H ##
;1= ;1= =>= ="0 <>0 "<0 ;" #=
;=0 ;=0 =<0 =#= <>0 "<0 ;= #F
;F= ;F= >0= =<0 <>0 #00 =0 ;0
=== === ><= >"= F"= #00 => ;=
4otes
14 T/e re2uire* KVB Cl%n(itu*inal *ire'ti%n spe'imens4 )alues s/all be =0L /i(/er t/an t/e re2uire* KVT )alues-
"4 I+ teste* in t/e l%n(itu*inal *ire'ti%n. a minimum tensile stren(t/ =L less t/an t/e re2uire* )alue is a''eptable C*%es n%t apply
t% all ,el* tensile tests4-
#4 F%r pipe ,it/ spe'i+ie* %utsi*e *iameter M "1H-1 mm. t/e yiel* stren(t/ s/all be ;H= 6Pa-
;4 T/e spe'i+ie* minimum el%n(ati%n in =0-F mm. )
+
. e:presse* in per'ent. r%un*e* t% t/e nearest per'ent s/all be as *etermine*
usin( t/e +%ll%,in( e2uati%n0
,/ere0
% is 1H;0 +%r 'al'ulati%ns usin( SI unitsO
)
P
is t/e appli'able tensile test pie'e 'r%ss-se'ti%nal area. as +%ll%,s0
- +%r 'ir'ular 'r%ss se'ti%n test pie'es. 1#0 mm
"
+%r 1"-< mm an* F-H mm *iameter test pie'esO an* >= mm
"
+%r >-; mm
test pie'es
- +%r +ull-se'ti%n test pie'es. t/e lesser %+ a4 ;F= mm
"
an* b4 t/e 'r%ss-se'ti%nal area %+ t/e test pie'e. 'al'ulate* usin(
t/e spe'i+ie* %utsi*e *iameter an* t/e spe'i+ie* ,all t/i'&ness %+ t/e pipe. r%un*e* t% t/e nearest 10 mm
"
- +%r strip test pie'es. t/e lesser %+ a4 ;F= mm
"
an* b4 t/e 'r%ss-se'ti%nal area %+ t/e test pie'e. 'al'ulate* usin( t/e
spe'i+ie* ,i*t/ %+ t/e test pie'e an* t/e spe'i+ie* ,all t/i'&ness %+ t/e pipe. r%un*e* t% t/e nearest 10 mm
"

3 is t/e spe'i+ie* minimum tensile stren(t/. in 6Pa-
Ta6le &-5 C-Mn s%eel line(i(e= Char(7 D-n!%ch i$(ac% %es%ing %e$(era%'res T
*
.IC/
as a +'nc%i!n !+ T
$in
.IC/ .Mini$'$ Design Te$(era%'re/
4ominal wall Thic.ness /mm0 P'P!#'4!S and risers
t "0 T
0
? T
min
"0 M t ;0 T
0
? T
min
E 10
t _ ;0 T
0
? t% be a(ree* in ea'/ 'ase
H . 0
" . 0
3
)
% )
A%
f
=
4): It s/all be )eri+ie* t/at t/e entire HAU /as been appr%priately /eat treate* %)er t/e +ull ,all t/i'&ness
an* t/at n% untempere* martensite remains-
1ydrostatic test
44* T/e pipe s/all ,it/stan* t/e /y*r%stati' test ,it/%ut lea&a(e t/r%u(/ t/e ,el* seam %r t/e pipe b%*y-
44) Binepipe t/at +ails t/e /y*r%stati' test s/all be reGe'te*- AR
444 F%r pipe 'lassi+ie* as '%ile* tubin(. t/e /y*r%stati' test %+ t/e +inis/e* '%ile* tubin( s/all be per+%rme*
at a pressure '%rresp%n*in( t% 100L %+ S6RS 'al'ulate* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e V%n 6ises e2uati%n an*
'%nsi*erin( H=L %+ t/e n%minal ,all t/i'&ness- Test pressure s/all be /el* +%r n%t less t/an t,% /%urs- AR
Surface condition+ imperfections and defects
448 Re2uirements t% )isual e:aminati%n per+%rme* at t/e plate mill are (i)en in App-D. Subse'ti%n 3-
Re2uirements +%r )isual inspe'ti%n %+ ,el*s an* pipe sur+a'es are (i)en in App-D H=00- 6R an* AR
imensions+ mass and tolerances
444 Re2uirements t% *imensi%ns. mass an* t%leran'es s/all be as (i)en in Subse'ti%n 3-
6eldability
44# I+ a(ree*. t/e 6anu+a'turer s/all supply ,el*ability *ata %r per+%rm ,el*ability tests- T/e *etails +%r
'arryin( %ut t/e tests an* t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be as spe'i+ie* in t/e pur'/ase %r*er-
445 I+ re2ueste*. t/e linepipe supplier s/all pr%)i*e in+%rmati%n re(ar*in( t/e ma:imum P%st @el* Heat
Treatment CP@HT4 temperature +%r t/e respe'ti)e materials- AR
3 #** ;ns(ec%i!n
#*) %mplian'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ t/e pur'/ase %r*er s/all be '/e'&e* by spe'i+i' inspe'ti%n in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ EN 10"0;- Re'%r*s +r%m t/e 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e 6PS an* %t/er *%'umentati%n s/all be in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in Se'-1"-
'nspection fre*uency
T/e inspe'ti%n +re2uen'y *urin( pr%*u'ti%n s/all be as (i)en in Table <-< an* t/e Fre2uen'y %+ testin( +%r
6P5T as (i)en in Table <-F- Re+eren'e t% t/e rele)ant a''eptan'e 'riteria is (i)en in t/ese tables- Pipes +%r
testin( s/%ul* be e)enly *istribute*. b%t/ t/r%u(/%ut t/e pr%*u'ti%n peri%* an* bet,een ,el*in( stati%ns- 6R
G'i"ance n!%eF
Pipes +%r pr%*u'ti%n testin( s/all be representati)e %+ all pipes pr%*u'e*- T/is means t/at sample pipes s/%ul* be
ta&en +r%m as many ,%r& s/i+ts as p%ssible C*istributin( t/e samplin( t/r%u(/%ut t/e pr%*u'ti%n peri%*4. an*
samplin( s/%ul* be r%tate* bet,een t/e *i++erent ,el*in( stati%ns-
It is n%t a''eptable pra'ti'e t% sele't %ne plate +r%m a number %+ /eats in %r*er t% '%n'entrate t/e pr%*u'ti%n %+ pipes
+%r samplin(-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*4 A test unit is a pres'ribe* 2uantity %+ pipe t/at is ma*e t% t/e same spe'i+ie* %utsi*e *iameter an*
spe'i+ie* ,all t/i'&ness. by t/e same pipe-manu+a'turin( pr%'ess. +r%m t/e same /eat. an* un*er t/e same
pipe-manu+a'turin( '%n*iti%ns-
#*8 F%r '%ile* tubin(. all re2uire* me'/ani'al testin( in Table <-< s/all be per+%rme* at ea'/ pipe en* %r +%r
ea'/ /eat. ,/i'/e)er (i)es t/e /i(/est number %+ tests- Strip en* ,el*s +%r '%ile* tubin( s/all be teste*
a''%r*in( t% ISO #1F# Anne: 7- AR
#*4 Samplin( +%r me'/ani'al an* any '%rr%si%n testin( s/all be per+%rme* a+ter /eat treatment. e:pansi%n
an* +inal s/apin(- T/e number an* %rientati%n %+ t/e samples +%r me'/ani'al testin( are (i)en in Table <-H-
T/e samples s/all n%t be prepare* in a manner t/at may in+luen'e t/eir me'/ani'al pr%perties-
#*# In 'ase %+ lar(e 2uantities %+ l%n(itu*inally ,el*e* lar(e *iameter an* /ea)y ,all t/i'&ness pipe. ,/ere
t/e test unit is (%)erne* by t/e /eat siJe. it may be a(ree* t/at pipes +r%m se)eral /eats represents %ne test unit-
T/e +irst #0 000 t%ns s/all be teste* ,it/ a +re2uen'y a''%r*in( t% n%rmal pra'ti'e %+ t/is stan*ar*- A+ter
e:'ee*in( #0 000 t%ns. t/e bel%, testin( p/il%s%p/y may be applie*0
1 ea'/ test unit may '%nsist %+ pipes +r%m ma:imum # /eats
1 in 'ase %+ test +ailure. t/e test +re2uen'y s/all re)ert t% t/e n%rmal rate %+ testin( until a(ain #0 000 t%ns
,it/ satis+a't%ry results are *%'umente*-
Re(testing
#*5 In %r*er t% a''ept %r reGe't a test unit as a result %+ a test unit release +ailure. re-testin( s/all be '%n*u'te*
in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !=0< t/r%u(/ !=11-
#*& I+ a test +ails t% meet t/e re2uirements. t,% re-tests s/all be per+%rme* C+%r t/e +aile* test %nly4 %n samples
ta&en +r%m t,% *i++erent pipes ,it/in t/e same test unit- !%t/ re-tests s/all meet t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements-
T/e test unit s/all be reGe'te* i+ %ne %r b%t/ %+ t/e re-tests *% n%t meet t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements-
#*2 T/e reas%n +%r t/e +ailure %+ any test s/all be establis/e* an* t/e appr%priate '%rre'ti)e a'ti%n t% pre)ent
re-%''urren'e %+ t/e test +ailures s/all be ta&en a''%r*in(ly-
#*: I+ a test unit /as been reGe'te*. t/e 6anu+a'turer may '%n*u't in*i)i*ual testin( %+ all t/e remainin(
pipes in t/e test unit- I+ t/e t%tal reGe'ti%n %+ all t/e pipes ,it/in %ne test unit e:'ee*s "=L. t/e test unit s/all
be reGe'te*- In t/is situati%n t/e 6anu+a'turer s/all in)esti(ate an* rep%rt t/e reas%n +%r +ailure an* s/all '/an(e
t/e manu+a'turin( pr%'ess i+ re2uire*- Re-2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e 6PS is re2uire* i+ t/e a(ree* all%,able )ariati%n
%+ any parameter is e:'ee*e* Csee AF0< an* AF0F4-
#)* Re-testin( %+ +aile* pipes s/all n%t be permitte*- I+ a pipe +ails *ue t% l%, VN )alues in t/e +usi%n line
CHAU4 %r ,el* line in HF@ pipe. testin( %+ samples +r%m t/e same pipe may be per+%rme* subGe't t%
a(reement- Re+er t% !#;; +%r re-pr%'essin( %+ pipe-
#)) I+ t/e test results are in+luen'e* by impr%per samplin(. ma'/inin(. preparati%n. treatment %r testin(. t/e
test sample s/all be repla'e* by a '%rre'tly prepare* sample +r%m t/e same pipe an* a ne, test per+%rme*-
1eat and product analysis
#)4 Heat an* pr%*u't analysis s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !- 6R
#)8 I+ t/e )alue %+ any elements. %r '%mbinati%n %+ elements. +ails t% meet t/e re2uirements. t,% re-tests s/all
be per+%rme* %n samples ta&en +r%m t,% *i++erent pipes +r%m t/e same /eat- I+ %ne %r b%t/ re-tests +ail t% meet
t/e re2uirements. t/e /eat s/all be reGe'te*- 6R
$echanical testing
#)4 All me'/ani'al testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: !- 6R
$etallurgical testing
#)# 6a'r% e:aminati%n an* metall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !-
1ydrostatic test /mill pressure test0
#)5 Hy*r%stati' testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n E- 6R
4on(destructive testing
#)& NDT. in'lu*in( )isual inspe'ti%n. s/all be 'arrie* %ut in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n F- AR an* 6R
imensional testing
#)2 Dimensi%nal testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% Subse'ti%n 3- 6R
Treatment of surface imperfections and defects
#): Sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns an* *e+e'ts s/all be treate* a''%r*in( t% App-D H#00- 6R
Ta6le &-& ;ns(ec%i!n +re<'enc7 +!r C-Mn s%eel line(i(e "'ring (r!"'c%i!n
)= 4/
)pplicable to: Type of test &re*uency of testing )cceptance criteria
All pipe
Heat analysis One analysis per /eat
Table <-# %r Table <-;
Pr%*u't analysis
T,% analyses per /eat Cta&en +r%m separate
pr%*u't items4
Tensile testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y
On'e per test unit %+ n%t m%re t/an =0I100
#4

pipes ,it/ t/e same '%l*-e:pansi%n rati%
Table <-=
VN impa't testin( %+ t/e pipe
b%*y %+ pipe ,it/ spe'i+ie* ,all
t/i'&ness as (i)en in Table ""
%+ ISO #1F#
=4

Table <-= an* Table <->
Har*ness testin(
#4


CAR4
Table <-=
Hy*r%stati' testin( Ea'/ pipe !;"0 t% !;""
Pipe *imensi%nal testin( See Subse'ti%n 3 See Subse'ti%n 3
NDT in'lu*in( )isual
inspe'ti%n
See Subse'ti%n F C6R an* AR4
See Subse'ti%n F
C6R an* AR4
SA@B.
SA@H. HF@
Tensile testin( %+ t/e seam ,el*
C'r%ss ,el* test4
=4

C6R4
!;0> an* !;0<
VN impa't testin( %+ t/e seam
,el* %+ pipe ,it/ spe'i+ie* ,all
t/i'&ness as (i)en in Table ""
%+ ISO #1F#
;4

C6R4
Table <-= an* Table <->
Har*ness testin( %+ /ar* sp%ts
Any /ar* sp%t e:'ee*in( =0 mm in any
*ire'ti%n
App-D H=00
6a'r%(rap/i' testin( %+ seam
,el*
At least %n'e per %peratin( s/i+t
>4
!;1>
SA@B.
SA@H
3ui*e*-ben* testin( %+ t/e seam
,el* %+ ,el*e* pipe
#4

C6R4
!;1;
HF@
Flattenin( test As s/%,n in Fi(ure > %+ ISO

#1F# !;1" an* !;1#
6etall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n At least %n'e per %peratin( s/i+t
>4
!;1F an* !;1H C6R4
4otes
14 Samplin( %+ spe'imens an* test e:e'uti%n s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !- F%r tensile. VN. /ar*ness.
(ui*e*-ben* an* +lattenin( testin( Appen*i: ! re+ers t% ISO #1F# ,it/%ut a**iti%nal re2uirements-
"4 T/e number %rientati%n an* l%'ati%n %+ test pie'es per sample +%r me'/ani'al tests s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Table <-H-
#4 N%t m%re t/an 100 pipes ,it/ D =0F mm an* n%t m%re t/an =0 pipes +%r D _ =0F mm-
;4 N%t m%re t/an 100 pipes ,it/ 11;-# mm D =0F mm an* n%t m%re t/an =0 pipes +%r D _ =0F mm-
=4 N%t m%re t/an 100 pipes ,it/ "1H-1 mm D =0F mm an* n%t m%re t/an =0 pipes +%r D _ =0F mm-
>4 At least %n'e per %peratin( s/i+t plus ,/ene)er any '/an(e %+ pipe siJe %''urs *urin( t/e %peratin( s/i+t-
,/ere
? Spe'i+ie* %utsi*e *iameter
Ta6le &-2 A""i%i!nal %es%ing +!r Man'+ac%'ring 9r!ce"'re E'ali+ica%i!n Tes% +!r C-Mn s%eel (i(e
)/
All pipe
All pr%*u'ti%n tests as state* in Table <-<
One test +%r ea'/ pipe
pr%)i*e* +%r
manu+a'turin(
pr%'e*ure
2uali+i'ati%n
=4
See Table <-<
!ase metal l%n(itu*inal tensile test
"4
. AR
S6BS pipe
#. ;4
,it/
t _ "= mm
VN testin( at ID %+ 2uen'/e* an* tempere*
seamless pipe ,it/ t _ "= mm AR
Table <-= an*
Table <->
@el*e* pipe Call
types4
All-,el* tensile test AR Table <-=
H4
Fra'ture t%u(/ness CTOD4 test %+ ,el* metal
>.
<4
AR
!;1=
A(ein( test
F4
. see A>0> AR Table <-=
4otes
14 Samplin( %+ spe'imens an* test e:e'uti%n s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !-
"4 A**iti%nal l%n(itu*inal test spe'imen is n%t ne'essary i+ alrea*y re2uire* by Table <-< an* Table <-H +%r pr%*u'ti%n testin(-
#4 Only appli'able t% pipe *eli)ere* in t/e 2uen'/e* an* tempere* '%n*iti%n-
;4 Samplin( s/all be " mm +r%m t/e internal sur+a'e. see App-! !#00-
=4 One pipe +r%m t,% *i++erent test units %+ *i++erent /eats s/all be sele'te* +%r t/e 6P5T. see AF00 Ca t%tal %+ " pipes4-
>4 TOD testin( is n%t re2uire* +%r pipes ,it/ t M 1# mm- TOD testin( is n%t re2uire* %+ HAU. %nly t/e 'entre %+ t/e ,el*-
<4 F%r HF@ pipe t/e testin( applies t% t/e +usi%n line C,el* 'entre line4-
F4 Only ,/en '%l* +%rmin( *urin( pipe manu+a'ture e:'ee*s =L strain-
H4 Only S6RS. S6TS an* el%n(ati%n applies-
,/ere
t ? spe'i+ie* n%minal ,all t/i'&ness
Ta6le &-& ;ns(ec%i!n +re<'enc7 +!r C-Mn s%eel line(i(e "'ring (r!"'c%i!n
)= 4/
.C!n%in'e"/
C. C!rr!si!n Resis%an% All!7 .CRA/ ine(i(e
C )** General
)*) All re2uirements %+ t/is subse'ti%n are appli'able t% ,el*e* an* seamless linepipe in *uple: stainless
steel an* seamless martensiti' 1#r stainless steel-
)*4 Austeniti' stainless steel an* ni'&el base* RA linepipe s/all be supplie* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a
re'%(nise* stan*ar* t/at *e+ines t/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n. me'/ani'al pr%perties. *eli)ery '%n*iti%n an* all
t/e *etails liste* in Se'-> an* as spe'i+ie* in t/e +%ll%,in(- I+ a re'%(nise* stan*ar* is n%t a)ailable. a
spe'i+i'ati%n s/all be prepare* t/at *e+ines t/ese re2uirements-
C 4** 9i(e "esigna%i!n
4*) RA linepipe t% be use* t% t/is stan*ar* s/all be *esi(nate* ,it/0
1 DNV
1 pr%'ess %+ manu+a'ture Csee A;004
1 (ra*e Csee Table <-10 %r 10". as appli'able4
1 supplementary re2uirement su++i: Csee A=004-
Ta6le &-: N'$6er= !rien%a%i!n= an" l!ca%i!n !+ %es% s(eci$ens (er %es%e" (i(e
)= 4/
)pplicable to: Sample location Type of test
6all thic.ness
JH mm @ JH mm
Specified outside diameter Specified outside diameter
B J<M.< mm J<M.< mm B J<M.< mm J<M.< mm
S6BS. n%t '%l*
e:pan*e* pipe
Pipe b%*y
Tensile 1B
#4
1B 1B
#4
1B
VN #T #T #T #T
Har*ness 1T 1T 1T 1T
S6BS. '%l*
e:pan*e* pipe
Pipe b%*y
Tensile 1B
#4
1T
;4
1B
#4
1T
;4
VN #T #T #T #T
Har*ness 1T 1T 1T 1T
HF@ pipe
Pipe b%*y
Tensile 1BH0
#4
1T1F0
;4
1BH0
#4
1T1F0
;4
VN #TH0 #TH0 #TH0 #TH0
Seam ,el*
Tensile 1 1@ 1 1@
VN #@ an* #HAU
=4
6R >@ an* >HAU
=4
6R
Har*ness 1@ 1@ 1@ 1@
Pipe b%*y an*
,el*
Flattenin( As s/%,n in Fi(ure > %+ ISO #1F#
SA@B pipe
Pipe b%*y
Tensile 1BH0
#4
1T1F0
;4
1BH0
#4
1T1F0
;4
VN #TH0 #TH0 #TH0 #TH0
Seam ,el*
Tensile 1 1@ 1 1@
VN #@ an* >HAU
>4
6R >@ an* 1"HAU
>4
6R
3ui*e*-ben* "@ "@ "@ "@
Har*ness 1@ 1@ 1@ 1@
SA@H pipe
Pipe b%*y
Tensile 1B
#4
1T
;4
1B
#4
1T
;4
VN #T #T #T #T
Seam ,el*
Tensile 1 1@ 1 1@
VN #@ an* >HAU
>4
6R >@ an* 1"HAU
>4
6R
3ui*e*-ben* "@ "@ "@ "@
Har*ness 1@ 1@ 1@ 1@
4otes
14 See Fi(ure = %+ ISO #1F# +%r e:planati%n %+ symb%ls use* t% *esi(nate %rientati%n an* l%'ati%n-
"4 All *estru'ti)e tests may be sample* +r%m pipe en*s-
#4 Full-se'ti%n l%n(itu*inal test pie'es may be use* at t/e %pti%n %+ t/e manu+a'turer. see Appen*i: !-
;4 I+ a(ree*. annular test pie'es may be use* +%r t/e *eterminati%n %+ trans)erse yiel* stren(t/ by t/e /y*rauli' rin( e:pansi%n test in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 A#<0-
=4 F%r t/e HF ,el* seam. @ means t/at t/e n%t'/ s/all be l%'ate* in t/e FB. ,/ile HAU means t/at t/e n%t'/ s/all be l%'ate* in FB
W" Csee Fi(ure > in Appen*i: !4-
>4 HAU means t/at t/e n%t'/ s/all be l%'ate* in FB an* FB W" Csee Fi(ure = in Appen*i: !4-
G'i"ance n!%eF
e-(- SDNV S6BS ""r DT *esi(nates a seamless ""r *uple: steel linepipe meetin( t/e supplementary re2uirements
+%r en/an'e* *imensi%nal re2uirements-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
C 8** Man'+ac%'ring
Starting material and steel ma.ing
8*) RA linepipe s/all be manu+a'ture* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e pr%'esses (i)en in A;0" usin( t/e ra,
materials state* in t/e 2uali+ie* 6PS. +%ll%, t/e same a'ti)ity se2uen'e. an* stay ,it/in t/e a(ree* all%,able
)ariati%ns- T/e manu+a'turin( pra'ti'e an* instrumentati%n use* t% ensure pr%per '%ntr%l %+ t/e manu+a'turin(
pr%'ess )ariables an* t/eir t%leran'es s/all be *es'ribe* in t/e 6PS-
8*4 All steels s/all be ma*e by an ele'tri' %r %ne %+ t/e basi' %:y(en pr%'esses-
Re*uirements to manufacture of pipe
8*8 In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements in #0; an* #0= bel%,. t/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements (i)en +%r -6n
steel pipe are als% appli'able +%r RA pipes0
1 !#0;-#0> +%r seamless pipe
1 !#0<-#10 an* !#1#-#"0 +%r all ,el*e* pipes
1 !#"1-#"> +%r SA@ an* 6@P pipe
1 !##0-#;= +%r all pipe-
8*4 !e+%re +urt/er pr%'essin(. t/e slabsIin(%ts s/all be inspe'te* an* +ul+il t/e sur+a'e +inis/ re2uirements
spe'i+ie* in t/e 6PS-
Supply conditions
8*# Duple: an* austeniti' stainless steel pipe s/all be *eli)ere* in s%luti%n-anneale* an* ,ater-2uen'/e*
'%n*iti%n-
C 4** Acce(%ance cri%eria
%hemical composition
4*) T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ *uple: stainless steel an* martensiti' 1#r stainless steel parent materials
s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table <-10- 6%*i+i'ati%ns are subGe't t% a(reement- T/e limits an* t%leran'es +%r tra'e
elements +%r martensiti' 1#r stainless steels. i-e- elements n%t liste* in Table <-10. s/all be subGe't t%
a(reement-
$echanical properties
4*4 Re2uirements +%r tensile. /ar*ness an* /arpy V-n%t'/ pr%perties are (i)en in Table <-11- @el*ment
s/all meet t/e re2uirement +%r KVT impa't pr%perties- T/e /arpy V-n%t'/ spe'imens s/all be teste* at t/e
temperatures (i)en in Table <->-
4*8 In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements in ;0; an* ;0= bel%,. t/e +%ll%,in( a''eptan'e 'riteria (i)en +%r -
6n steel pipe are als% appli'able t% RA pipe Cas appli'able40
1 !;0< +%r trans)erse ,el* tensile testin(
1 !;10 an* ;11 +%r /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't testin(
1 !;1; +%r (ui*e*-ben* testin(
1 !;1= +%r +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( %+ t/e seam ,el*-
4*4 F%r t/e +lattenin( test %+ pipe ,it/ ,all t/i'&ness 1"-< mm. t/ere s/all be n% %penin( %+ t/e ,el*.
in'lu*in( t/e HAU. until t/e *istan'e bet,een t/e plates is less t/an >>L %+ t/e %ri(inal %utsi*e *iameter- F%r
pipe ,it/ ,all t/i'&ness M 1"-< mm t/ere s/all be n% %penin( %+ t/e ,el*. in'lu*in( t/e HAU. until t/e *istan'e
bet,een t/e plates is less t/an =0L %+ t/e %ri(inal %utsi*e *iameter-
4*# F%r pipe ,it/ a DIt
"
_ 10. t/ere s/all be n% 'ra'&s %r brea&s %t/er t/an in t/e ,el*. in'lu*in( t/e HAU.
until t/e *istan'e bet,een t/e plates is less t/an ##L %+ t/e %ri(inal %utsi*e *iameter-
$acro e"amination of weld seam
4*5 T/e ma'r% e:aminati%n %+ ,el* seam s/all meet t/e re2uirements in !;1> an* !;1<-
$icrostructure of duple" stainless steel
4*& T/e material s/all be essentially +ree +r%m (rain b%un*ary 'arbi*es. nitri*es an* intermetalli' p/ases
a+ter s%luti%n /eat treatment- Essentially +ree implies t/at %''asi%nal strin(s %+ *etrimental p/ases al%n( t/e
'entreline %+ t/e base material is a''eptable (i)en t/at t/e p/ase '%ntent ,it/in %ne +iel* %+ )isi%n Cat ;00P
ma(ni+i'ati%n4 is M 1-0L Cma:- 0-=L intermetalli' p/ases4-
4*2 T/e base material +errite '%ntent %+ *uple: stainless steel s/all be ,it/in t/e ran(e #=-==L- F%r ,el*
metal t/e +errite '%ntent s/all be ,it/in t/e ran(e #0->=L-
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $&%
%orrosion resistance of duple" stainless steel
4*: T/e ma:imum all%,able ,ei(/t l%ss +%r "=r *uple: stainless steel is ;-0 (Im
"
+%r s%luti%n anneale*
material teste* +%r "; /%urs at =0]-
C #** ;ns(ec%i!n
#*) %mplian'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ t/e pur'/ase %r*er s/all be '/e'&e* by spe'i+i' inspe'ti%n in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ EN 10"0;. %r an e2ui)alent material inspe'ti%n s'/eme- Re'%r*s +r%m t/e 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e
6PS an* %t/er *%'umentati%n s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in Se'-1"-
#*4 T/e inspe'ti%n +re2uen'y *urin( pr%*u'ti%n an* 6P5T s/all be as (i)en in Table <-1" an* Table <-1#.
respe'ti)ely- Re+eren'e t% t/e rele)ant a''eptan'e 'riteria is (i)en in t/e tables-
#*8 A test unit is a pres'ribe* 2uantity %+ pipe t/at is ma*e t% t/e same spe'i+ie* %utsi*e *iameter an*
spe'i+ie* ,all t/i'&ness. by t/e same pipe-manu+a'turin( pr%'ess. +r%m t/e same /eat. an* un*er t/e same
pipe-manu+a'turin( '%n*iti%ns-
#*4 Samplin( +%r me'/ani'al an* '%rr%si%n testin( s/all be per+%rme* a+ter /eat treatment. e:pansi%n an*
+inal s/apin(- T/e samples s/all n%t be prepare* in a manner t/at may in+luen'e t/eir me'/ani'al pr%perties-
Re+er t% !=0= +%r re*u'e* +re2uen'y %+ testin( in 'ase %+ lar(e 2uantities %+ pipe-
#*# T/e number an* %rientati%n %+ t/e samples +%r S6BS an* SA@BISA@H pipe s/all be a''%r*in( t%
Table <-H-
#*5 F%r E!@ an* B!@ pipe. t/e number an* %rientati%n %+ t/e samples s/all be as +%r HF@ in Table <-H-
Ta6le &-)* D'(le,- an" $ar%ensi%ic s%ainless s%eel line(i(e= che$ical c!$(!si%i!n .C!n%in'e"/
!lement
<0
Product analysis+ wt.G
Grade
JJ%r duple"
Grade
JH%r duple"
Grade
<K%r ( J $o
Grade
<K%r ( J.H $o
0-0#0 ma: 0-0#0 ma: 0-01= ma: 0-01= ma:
6n "-00 ma: 1-"0 ma: - -
Si 1-00 ma: 1-00 ma: - -
P 0-0#0 ma: 0-0#= ma: 0-0"= ma: 0-0"= ma:
S 0-0"0 ma: 0-0"0 ma: 0-00# ma: 0-00# ma:
Ni ;-=0 - >-=0 >-00 E F-00 ;-=0 min >-00 min
r "1-0 - "#-0 ";-0 E ">-0 1"-0 min 1"-0 min
6% "-=0 E #-=0 #-00 E ;-00 "-00 min "-=0 min
N 0-1; E 0-"0 0-"0 E 0-#; - -
PRE - min- ;0
"4
- -
4otes
14 I+ %t/er all%yin( elements t/an spe'i+ie* in t/is table are bein( use*. t/e elements an* t/e ma:imum '%ntent s/all be a(ree* in
ea'/ 'ase-
"4 PRE ? LrW#-#L6%W1>LN-
Ta6le &-)) D'(le, an" $ar%ensi%ic )8Cr s%ainless s%eel line(i(e= $echanical (r!(er%ies
Grade
S$9S S$TS Ratio
$a"imum
1ardness
/1;<=0
!longatio
n in H=.L
mm
)
f
CGD
%harpy ;(notch energy /F;T0 for
-$+ 6$ and 1):
<0

C2D
$Pa $Pa R
t=.H
/ R
m

-$
6$
1):
$ean Single
""r ;=0 >"0 0-H" "H0 #=0
N%te
"4
;= #=
"=r ==0 <=0 0-H" ##0 #=0 == ;=
1#r-" 6% an*
1#r-"-= 6%
==0 <00 0-H" #00 na == ;=
4otes
14 T/e re2uire* KVB Cl%n(itu*inal *ire'ti%n spe'imens4 )alues s/all be =0L /i(/er t/an t/e re2uire* KVT )alues-
"4 Re+- N%te ;4 in Table <-=-
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $&$
#*& F%r 6@P pipe. t/e number an* %rientati%n %+ t/e samples s/all be as +%r SA@B pipe in Table <-H-
Retesting
#*2 Re2uirements +%r retestin( s/all be a''%r*in( t% !=0< t% !=11-
#*: Heat an* pr%*u't analysis s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !-
#)* All elements liste* in t/e rele)ant re2uirementIstan*ar* s/all be *etermine* an* rep%rte*- Ot/er elements
a**e* +%r '%ntr%llin( t/e material pr%perties may be a**e*. subGe't t% a(reement-
#)) I+ t/e )alue %+ any elements. %r '%mbinati%n %+ elements. +ails t% meet t/e re2uirements. t,% re-tests s/all
be per+%rme* %n samples ta&en +r%m t,% *i++erent pipes +r%m t/e same /eat- I+ %ne %r b%t/ re-tests +ail t% meet
t/e re2uirements. t/e /eat s/all be reGe'te*-
$echanical testing
#)4 All me'/ani'al testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: !-
$etallographic e"amination
#)8 6etall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !-
%orrosion testing of duple" stainless steels
#)4 %rr%si%n testin( %+ "=r *uple: stainless steels a''%r*in( t% AST6 3;F s/all be per+%rme* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-! !"00- AST6 3;F testin( is n%t appli'able +%r ""r *uple: %r %t/er RAs ,it/ PRE
l%,er t/an ;0-
#)# Hy*r%stati' testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n E-
#)5 NDT. in'lu*in( )isual inspe'ti%n. s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n F-
imensional testing
#)& Dimensi%nal testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% Subse'ti%n 3-
#)2 Sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns an* *e+e'ts s/all be treate* a''%r*in( t% App-D H#00-
Ta6le &-)4 ;ns(ec%i!n +re<'enc7 +!r CRA line(i(e
)/
)pplicable to Type of test &re*uency of testing )cceptance
criteria
All pipe All tests in Table <-< appli'able t% SAll
pipeT
As (i)en in Table <-< Table <-10 an*
Table <-11
SA@B an* 6@P pipe All tests in Table <-< appli'able t%
SSA@BT
E!@ an* B!@ pipe
"4
Flattenin( test As s/%,n in Fi(ure > %+ ISO

#1F#
;0; an* ;0=
Duple: stainless steel pipe 6etall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n On'e per test unit %+ n%t m%re
t/an =0I100
#4
;0< an* ;0F
"=r *uple: stainless steel
pipe
Pittin( '%rr%si%n test CAST6 3;F
6et/%* A4
On'e per test unit %+ n%t m%re
t/an =0I100
#4
;0H
4otes
14 Samplin( %+ spe'imens an* test e:e'uti%n s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !- T/e number %rientati%n an*
l%'ati%n %+ test pie'es per sample +%r me'/ani'al tests s/all be a''%r*in( t% =0=-=0<-
"4 F%r E!@ an* B!@ pipes t/e testin( applies t% t/e +usi%n line-
#4 N%t m%re t/an 100 pipes ,it/ 11;-# mm D =0F mm an* n%t m%re t/an =0 pipes +%r D _ =0F mm-
,/ere
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $&&
D. Cla" !r ine" S%eel ine(i(e
D )** General
)*) T/e re2uirements bel%, are appli'able t% linepipe '%nsistin( %+ a -6n steel ba'&in( material ,it/ a
t/inner internal RA layer-
)*4 T/e ba'&in( steel %+ line* pipe s/all +ul+il t/e re2uirements in Subse'ti%n !-
)*8 T/e manu+a'turin( pr%'ess +%r 'la* %r line* linepipe s/all be a''%r*in( t% A;0# t% A;0=-
)*4 la**in( an* liner materials s/all be spe'i+ie* a''%r*in( t% re'%(nise* stan*ar*s- I+ a re'%(nise*
stan*ar* is n%t a)ailable. a spe'i+i'ati%n s/all be prepare* t/at *e+ines '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n- I+ a(ree*
'%rr%si%n testin( an* a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be spe'i+ie*-
)*# T/e 'la**in(Iliner material t/i'&ness s/%ul* n%t be less t/an "-= mm-
D 4** 9i(e "esigna%i!n
4*) In a**iti%n t% t/e *esi(nati%n %+ t/e ba'&in( material Csee A;0# t% A;0=4 'la*Iline* pipes s/all be
*esi(nate* ,it/0
1 . +%r 'la* pipe. %r
1 B. +%r line* pipe
1 8NS number +%r t/e 'la**in( material %r liner pipe-
G'i"ance n!%eF
e-(- SDNV 6@PB ;1= D - 8NS PPPPPT *esi(nates a l%n(itu*inal ,el*e* pipe usin( multiple ,el*in( pr%'esses
,it/ S6RS ;1= 6Pa. meetin( t/e supplementary re2uirements +%r *imensi%ns. 'la* ,it/ a 8NS *esi(nate* material-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
D 8** Man'+ac%'ring (r!ce"'re s(eci+ica%i!n
$PS for clad linepipe
8*) In a**iti%n t% t/e appli'able in+%rmati%n (i)en in A<00 an* AF00. t/e 6PS +%r 'la* linepipe s/all as a
minimum '%ntain t/e +%ll%,in( in+%rmati%n Cas appli'able40
1 slab re/eatin( temperature an* initial r%llin( pra'ti'e %+ 'la**in( all%y an* ba'&in( material pri%r t%
san*,i'/ assembly
1 met/%* use* t% assemble t/e san*,i'/ %r %ne-si*e*-%pen pa'&a(e. as appli'able. pri%r t% re/eatin( an* r%llin(
1 pa'&a(e Csan*,i'/ %r %ne-si*e-%pen4 re/eatin( temperature. start an* st%p r%llin( temperatures. means %+
temperature an* t/i'&ness '%ntr%l. start an* st%p temperatures +%r a''elerate* '%%lin( Ci+ appli'able4 an*
inspe'ti%n
1 +inal plate /eat treatment. e-(- 2uen'/ an* temperin( Ci+ appli'able4
1 met/%* use* t% 'ut an* separate t/e metallur(i'ally r%ll b%n*e* plates a+ter r%llin( Cseparati%n %+ t/e
san*,i'/ bet,een t/e RA layers
1 *etails re(ar*in( any RA 'la* ,el*in( t% pipe en*s-
$PS for lined linepipe
8*4 In a**iti%n t% t/e appli'able in+%rmati%n (i)en in A<00 an* AF00. t/e 6PS +%r line* linepipe s/all as a
minimum '%ntain t/e +%ll%,in( in+%rmati%n Cas appli'able40
1 *etails +%r +abri'ati%n %+ ba'&in( pipe an* liner
1 2uality '%ntr%l '/e'&s +%r t/e linin( pr%'ess
Ta6le &-)8 A""i%i!nal %es%ing +!r Man'+ac%'ring 9r!ce"'re E'ali+ica%i!n Tes% !+ CRA line(i(e
)/
)pplicable to Type of test &re*uency of testing
)cceptance
criteria
All pipe All pr%*u'ti%n tests as state* in Table <-1"
One test +%r ea'/ pipe pr%)i*e*
+%r manu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure
2uali+i'ati%n
#4
Subse'ti%n
@el*e* pipe Call types4
All-,el* tensile test Table <-11
Fra'ture t%u(/ness CTOD4 test %+ ,el*
metal
"4
!;1=
4otes
14 Samplin( %+ spe'imens an* test e:e'uti%n s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !- T/e number. %rientati%n an*
l%'ati%n %+ test pie'es per sample +%r me'/ani'al tests s/all be a''%r*in( t% =0=-=0<-
"4 TOD testin( is n%t re2uire* +%r pipes ,it/ t M 1# mm-
#4 T,% pipes s/all be pr%)i*e* +%r 6P5T- T/e t,% pipes pr%)i*e* s/all be +r%m t,% *i++erent test units %+ *i++erent /eats-
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $&'
1 *etails %+ *ata t% be re'%r*e* Ce-(- e:pansi%n pressureI+%r'e. strain. *e+%rmati%n4
1 pr%'e*ure +%r 'ut ba'& pri%r t% seal ,el*in( %r 'la**in( t% atta'/ liner t% 'arrier pipe
1 seal ,el*in( pr%'e*ures
1 *etails re(ar*in( any RA 'la* ,el*in( t% pipe en*s-
8*8 T/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal essential )ariable applies t% t/e 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e 6PS +%r 'la* linepipe Csee
AF0<40
1 se2uen'e %+ ,el*in(-
D 4** Man'+ac%'ring
4*) Durin( all sta(es %+ manu+a'turin(. '%ntaminati%n %+ RA ,it/ 'arb%n steel s/all be a)%i*e*- Dire't
'%nta't %+ t/e RA layer ,it/ 'arb%n steel /an*lin( e2uipment Ce-(- /%%&s. belts. r%lls. et'-4 is pr%/ibite*-
Dire't '%nta't may be all%,e* pr%)i*in( subse2uent pi'&lin( is per+%rme*-
4*4 All ,%r& s/all be un*erta&en in 'lean areas an* '%ntr%lle* en)ir%nment t% a)%i* '%ntaminati%n an*
'%n*ensati%n-
4*8 In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements state* in !#00 an* #00 Cas appli'able4. t/e +%ll%,in( s/all apply0
6elding consumables
4*4 T/e ,el*in( '%nsumables +%r seam ,el*s an* liner seal ,el*s s/all be sele'te* ta&in( int% '%nsi*erati%n
t/e re*u'ti%n %+ all%yin( elements by *iluti%n %+ ir%n +r%m t/e base material- T/e '%rr%si%n pr%perties %+ t/e
,el* '%nsumable s/all be e2ual %r superi%r t% t/e 'la* %r liner material-
General re*uirements to manufacture of clad linepipe
4*# T/e 'la**in( all%y s/all be pr%*u'e* +r%m plate. an* s/all be supplie* in a s%luti%n %r s%+t anneale*
'%n*iti%n. as appli'able-
4*5 T/e steel ba'&in( material an* t/e 'la**in( all%y s/all be 'leane*. *rie* an* inspe'te* t% ensure t/at t/e
le)el %+ /umi*ity an* parti'les bet,een t/e respe'ti)e plates are e2ual t% %r less t/an +%r t/e 6P5T plates-
4*& T/e matin( plate sur+a'es s/%ul* as a minimum be blast 'leane* t% a sur+a'e 'leanliness %+ ISO F=01 Sa"-
4*2 A pre-'la* r%llin( assembly pr%'e*ure s/all be part %+ t/e 6PS- T/is pr%'e*ure s/all in'lu*e *etails %+
all sur+a'e preparati%n t% be per+%rme* Gust pri%r t% t/e san*,i'/ assembly Ci+ appli'able4-
4*: T/e san*,i'/ %r %ne-si*e-%pen pa'&a(es. as appli'able. s/all be /%t r%lle* in %r*er t% ensure
metallur(i'al b%n*in( bet,een t/e base an* t/e 'la**in( material-
4)* T/e pa'&a(e '%nsistin( %+ san*,i'/ %r %ne-si*e-%pen. s/all be manu+a'ture* t/r%u(/ a T6P r%ute. %r
re'ei)e a +inal /eat treatment Ce-(- 5T4-
6elding of clad linepipe
4)) In a**iti%n t% t/e appli'able re2uirements (i)en in !#0< t% !##1. t/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements s/all apply
+%r ,el*in( %+ 'la* linepipe0
1 t/e '%rr%si%n pr%perties %+ t/e RA ,el* '%nsumable Ce-(- r%%t an* /%t pass4 s/all be e2ual %r superi%r t%
t/e 'la* material
1 e:'ept +%r sin(le pass per si*e ,el*s. t/e l%n(itu*inal ,el* s/all be ba'& pur(e* ,it/ ,el*in( (ra*e inert
(as an* be +ree +r%m /i(/ temperature %:i*es
1 ta'& ,el*s s/all be ma*e usin( 3TA@. 36A@. 3-FA@ %r S6A@ usin( l%, /y*r%(en ele'tr%*es
1 ,el* seam tra'&in( %+ '%ntinu%us ,el*in( s/all be aut%mati'ally '%ntr%lle*-
General re*uirements to manufacture of lined linepipe
4)4 T/e liner +%r line* pipe s/all be manu+a'ture* a''%r*in( t% API =B-
4)8 T/e internal sur+a'e %+ t/e -6n steel ba'&in( pipe s/all be blast 'leane* t% a sur+a'e 'leanliness %+ ISO
F=01 Sa" al%n( t/e '%mplete len(t/ %+ t/e pipe pri%r t% +abri'ati%n %+ line* pipe- T/e e:ternal sur+a'e %+ t/e
liner pipe s/all be blast 'leane* as spe'i+ie* ab%)e %r pi'&le*-
4)4 T/e liner pipe s/all be inserte* int% t/e ba'&in( -6n steel pipe a+ter b%t/ pipes /a)e been 'are+ully
'leane*. *rie* an* inspe'te* t% ensure t/at t/e le)el %+ /umi*ity an* parti'les in t/e annular spa'e bet,een
t/ese t,% pipes are e2ual t% %r less t/an +%r t/e 6P5T pipes-
4)# T/e /umi*ity *urin( assembly s/all be less t/an F0L. an* t/e 'arb%n steel an* RA sur+a'es s/all be
maintaine* at least =] ab%)e t/e *e, p%int temperature- Temperature an* /umi*ity s/all '%ntinu%usly be
measure* an* re'%r*e*-
4)5 A+ter /a)in( line* up t/e t,% pipes. t/e liner s/all be e:pan*e* by a suitable met/%* t% ensure a*e2uate
(rippin(- T/e 'arb%n steel pipe s/all n%t re'ei)e a siJin( rati%. s
r .
e:'ee*in( 0-01= *urin( t/e e:pansi%n pr%'ess
CSee !##"4-
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $&1
6elding of lined linepipe
4)& T/e liner +%r line* pipe s/all be ,el*e* a''%r*in( t% API =B-
4)2 Seal ,el*s. i-e- pipe en* 'la* ,el*s %r +illet ,el*s. s/all be 2uali+ie* a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: E;00.
E>0= an* E>0>. respe'ti)ely- Pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( s/all +%ll%, t/e prin'iples in Appen*i: -
4): Subse2uent t% e:pansi%n. t/e liner %r ba'&in( pipe s/all be ma'/ine* at ea'/ en* an* +urt/er +i:e* t% t/e
ba'&in( pipe by a seal ,el* C'la* %r +illet ,el*4 t% ensure t/at n% /umi*ity 'an enter t/e annulus *urin( st%ra(e.
transp%rtati%n an* preparati%n +%r installati%n-
44* In a**iti%n t% t/e appli'able re2uirements (i)en in !#0< t% !##1. t/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements s/all apply
+%r ,el*in( %+ line* linepipe0
1 t/e '%rr%si%n pr%perties %+ t/e RA ,el* '%nsumable Ce-(- +illet %r 'la* ,el*4 s/all be e2ual %r superi%r t%
t/e liner material
1 t/e ,el* s/all be pur(e* ,it/ ,el*in( (ra*e inert (as an* be +ree +r%m /i(/ temperature %:i*es-
D #** Acce(%ance cri%eria
Properties of the bac.ing material
#*) T/e ba'&in( material %+ t/e manu+a'ture* 'la* %r line* linepipe s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements +%r
-6n steel (i)en in Subse'ti%n !- H
"
S ser)i'e re2uirements a''%r*in( t% I100 s/all n%t apply t% t/e ba'&in(
material unless re2uire* a''%r*in( t% I11=-
#*4 T/e 'la**in(Iliner material s/all be rem%)e* +r%m t/e test pie'es pri%r t% me'/ani'al testin( %+ t/e
ba'&in( material-
1ardness
#*8 T/e /ar*ness %+ t/e base material. 'la**in( material. HAU. ,el* metal an* t/e metallur(i'al b%n*e* area
s/all meet t/e rele)ant re2uirements %+ t/is stan*ar*-
-onding strength of clad linepipe
#*4 A+ter ben* testin( in a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-! !=0H Csee Table <-1;4. t/ere s/all be n% si(n %+ 'ra'&in(
%r separati%n %n t/e e*(es %+ t/e spe'imens-
#*# A+ter l%n(itu*inal ,el* r%%t ben* testin( in a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-! !=0< Csee Table <-1=4. t/e ben* test
spe'imen s/all n%t s/%, any %pen *e+e'ts in any *ire'ti%n e:'ee*in( # mm- 6in%r *u'tile tears less t/an > mm.
%ri(inatin( at t/e spe'imen e*(e may be *isre(ar*e* i+ n%t ass%'iate* ,it/ %b)i%us *e+e'ts-
#*5 T/e minimum s/ear stren(t/ s/all be 1;0 6Pa-
Properties of the %R) of clad and lined linepipe
#*& T/e RA material s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ t/e rele)ant re+eren'e stan*ar*. e-(- API =BD-
%hemical composition of welds
#*2 T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ t/e l%n(itu*inal seam ,el* C%r %)erlay ,el* i+ appli'able4 %+ 'la* pipes.
pipe en* 'la* ,el*s. an* t/e liner seal ,el*s Ci+ e:p%se* t% t/e pipe +lui*4. s/all be analyse* *urin( 6P5T- T/e
'%mp%siti%n %+ t/e *ep%site* ,el* metal as analyse* %n t/e e:p%se* sur+a'e s/%ul* meet t/e re2uirements %+
t/e base material spe'i+i'ati%n-
T/e 'al'ulate* PRE Csee Table <-10. n%te "4 +%r all%y >"= ,el* metal s/%ul* n%t be less t/an +%r t/e 'la* pipe
base material %r liner material-
$icrostructure
#*: T/e ,el* metal an* t/e HAU in t/e r%%t area %+ t/e 'la* pipe seam ,el*s. any pipe en* 'la* ,el*s an*
t/e seal ,el*s %+ line* pipe s/all be essentially +ree +r%m (rain b%un*ary 'arbi*es. nitri*es an* intermetalli'
p/ases-
Gripping force of lined linepipe
#)* A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r (rippin( +%r'e pr%*u'ti%n testin( s/all be a(ree* base* %n pr%Ge't spe'i+i'
re2uirements Csee Se'-> !;004 an*I%r test results %btaine* *urin( 6P5T-
#iner collapse
#)) A+ter t/e test +%r presen'e %+ m%isture in t/e annulus bet,een t/e liner an* t/e ba'&in( material. t/e pipe
s/all be inspe'te* an* n% ripples %r bu'&les in t/e liner %r 'arb%n steel pipe s/all be in e)i*en'e ,/en )ie,e*
,it/ t/e na&e* eye-
D 5** ;ns(ec%i!n
5*) %mplian'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ t/e pur'/ase %r*er s/all be '/e'&e* by spe'i+i' inspe'ti%n in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ EN 10"0;- Re'%r*s +r%m t/e 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e 6PS an* %t/er *%'umentati%n s/all be in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in Se'-1"-
5*4 T/e inspe'ti%n +re2uen'y *urin( pr%*u'ti%n an* 6P5T s/all be as (i)en in Table <-1; an* Table <-1=.
respe'ti)ely-
5*8 F%r 'la* pipe. t/e number an* %rientati%n %+ t/e samples s/all be as +%r SA@B pipe in Table <-H
5*4 F%r line* pipe. t/e number an* %rientati%n %+ t/e samples +%r t/e ba'&in( steel s/all be a''%r*in( t%
Table <-H- Testin( %+ t/e liner +%r line* pipe s/all be a''%r*in( t% API =B-
Retesting
5*# Re2uirements +%r retestin( s/all be a''%r*in( t% !=0< t% !=11-
5*5 Heat an* pr%*u't analysis s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !=00 an* =00 +%r t/e ba'&in( steel
an* t/e RA liner %r 'la**in(. respe'ti)ely-
$echanical testing
5*& All me'/ani'al testin( %+ 'la* pipe an* t/e ba'&in( steel %+ line* pipe s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t%
Appen*i: !- 6e'/ani'al testin( %+ t/e liner +%r line* pipe s/all be a''%r*in( t% API =B-
5*2 Har*ness testin( %+ ,el*e* linepipe s/all be per+%rme* %n a test pie'e '%mprisin( t/e +ull 'r%ss se'ti%n
%+ t/e ,el*- In*entati%ns s/all be ma*e in t/e base material. 'la**in( material an* t/e metallur(i'al b%n*e*
area as *etaile* in Appen*i: !-
%orrosion testing
5*: 8nless spe'i+ie* by pur'/aser. '%rr%si%n testin( %+ r%ll b%n*e* 'la* pipes %r any l%n(itu*inal ,el* seams
is n%t re2uire*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
AST6 3;F 6et/%* A testin( is rele)ant in 'ase +l%%*in( ,it/ ra, sea ,ater %+ material 'la*Iline* ,it/ All%y >"= is
a *esi(n re2uirementIassumpti%n- Su'/ testin( is n%t rele)ant i+ t/e RA material is 8NS S#1>00. 8NS S#1>0# %r
8NS N0FF"=-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
$etallographic e"amination
5)* 6etall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !-
#iner collapse test
5)) T% '/e'& +%r t/e presen'e %+ m%isture in t/e annulus bet,een t/e liner an* t/e ba'&in( material. %ne
+inis/e* pipe %r a se'ti%n t/ere%+ Cminimum len(t/ %+ > m4 s/all be /eate* t% "00] +%r 1= minutes an* air
'%%le*- T/is pipe s/all be ,it/in t/e +irst 10 pipes pr%*u'e*-
Gripping force test
5)4 3rippin( +%r'e %+ line* pipe s/all be measure* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ API =BD- E2ui)alent tests may be
applie* subGe't t% a(reement- Inspe'ti%n +re2uen'y +%r pr%*u'ti%n testin( s/all be a(ree* base* %n test results
%btaine* *urin( t/e 6P5T Csee D#004-
5)8 Hy*r%stati' testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n E-
5)4 NDT. in'lu*in( )isual inspe'ti%n. s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n F-
imensional testing
5)# Dimensi%nal testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% Subse'ti%n 3-
5)5 Sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns an* *e+e'ts s/all be treate* a''%r*in( t% App-D H#00-
E. H7"r!s%a%ic Tes%ing
E )** Mill (ress're %es%
)*) Ea'/ len(t/ %+ linepipe s/all be /y*r%stati'ally teste*. unless t/e alternati)e appr%a'/ *es'ribe* in E10< is use*-
)*4 T/e test pressure Cp
/
4 s/all. in situati%ns ,/ere t/e seal is ma*e %n t/e insi*e %r t/e %utsi*e %+ t/e linepipe
sur+a'e. be '%n*u'te* at t/e l%,est )alue %btaine* by utilisin( t/e +%ll%,in( +%rmulae0
)*8 In situati%ns ,/ere t/e seal is ma*e a(ainst t/e en* +a'e %+ t/e linepipe by means %+ a ram %r by ,el*e*
%n en* 'aps. an* t/e linepipe is e:p%se* t% a:ial stresses. t/e test pressure s/all be 'al'ulate* su'/ t/at t/e
ma:imum '%mbine* stress e2uals0
base* %n t/e minimum pipe ,all t/i'&ness t
min
-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e V%n 6ises E2ui)alent stress s/all be 'al'ulate* as0
,/ere
Ta6le &-)4 ;ns(ec%i!n +re<'enc7 +!r cla" !r line" s%eel line(i(e
)pplicable to Type of test &re*uency of testing
)cceptance
criteria
All pipe All tests in Table <-< appli'able t% SAll pipeT
See Table <-< an* D>00 D=01
la* pipe
All tests in Table <-< appli'able t% SSA@BT
!en* tests C" spe'imens4
On'e per test unit %+ n%t m%re t/an =0
pipes
D=0=
S/ear stren(t/ D=0>
RA
material %+
'la* pipe
A''%r*in( t% re+eren'e stan*ar* Csee D=0<4
Biner pipe A''%r*in( t% API =B Csee D=0<4
Bine* pipe
6a'r%(rap/i' e:aminati%n %+ seal ,el*
On'e per test unit %+ n%t m%re t/an =0
pipes
App- F;0=
3rippin( +%r'e test T% be a(ree*. see D>1" D=10
Ta6le &-)# A""i%i!nal %es%ing +!r Man'+ac%'ring 9r!ce"'re E'ali+ica%i!n Tes% !+ cla" !r line" s%eel
line(i(e
)/
)pplicable to Type of test &re*uency of testing )cceptance criteria
All pipe
All pr%*u'ti%n tests in Table <-1;
One test +%r ea'/
pipe pr%)i*e* +%r
manu+a'turin(
pr%'e*ure
2uali+i'ati%n
See Table <-1;
Rele)ant 2uali+i'ati%n tests in Table <-F See Table <-F
%rr%si%n testin( %+ ,el*s. i+ a(ree*. see D>0H T% be a(ree*
la* pipe
/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ seam ,el* an* 'la* ,el*
"4
D=0F
6etall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n %+ t/e seam ,el* an* 'la* ,el*
"4
D=0H
B%n(itu*inal ,el* r%%t ben* test D=0=
Bine* pipe
/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ seal %r 'la* ,el*s
"4
D=0F
6etall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n %+ seal ,el*s D=0H
Biner '%llapse test D=11
4otes
14 Samplin( %+ spe'imens an* test e:e'uti%n s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !- T/e number. %rientati%n an*
l%'ati%n %+ test pie'es per sample +%r me'/ani'al tests s/all be a''%r*in( t% D>0#an* D>0;-
"4 As appli'able. a''%r*in( t% D=0F an* D=0H-
C<-"4
C<-#4
p
h
" t
min
t
min
E
-------------------- min S$9S [ 0-H> S$TS O 0-F;] ?
s
e
min S$9S [ 0- H> S$TS O 0-F; ] ?
s
e
s
h
"
s
l
"
W s
h
s
l
E ?
C<-;4
s
h
p
h
t
min
E ( )
" t
min
----------------------------------- ?
C<-=4
Ct
min
is e2ui)alent t% t
1
in Se'-=4
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*4 F%r pipes ,it/ re*u'e* pressure '%ntainment utilisati%n. t/e test pressure Cp
/
4 may be re*u'e* as
permitte* in Se'-= !"00- Any re*u'ti%n in mill test pressure *ue t% re*u'e* pressure '%ntainment utiliJati%n
s/all be a''%r*in( t% Se'-= D"01 an* meet t/e re2uirements %+ E2- C=->4- F%r in*u'ti%n ben*s t/e pressure
'%ntainment utiliJati%n s/all be base* %n t/e minimum ,all t/i'&ness a+ter ben*in(- N%te t/at any re*u'ti%n
in t/e mill test pressure may limit any +uture *esi(n pressure up(ra*e-
)*# In 'ase si(ni+i'ant '%rr%si%n all%,an'e /as been spe'i+ie* Cas state* by t/e Pur'/aser in t/e material
spe'i+i'ati%n4. %r a lar(e ,all t/i'&ness is nee*e* +%r *esi(n purp%ses %t/er t/an pressure '%ntainment. %r
si(ni+i'ant temperature *e-ratin( %+ t/e me'/ani'al pr%perties ta&e pla'e. t/e mill test pressure may be
si(ni+i'antly /i(/er t/an t/e in'i*ental pressure- F%r su'/ '%n*iti%ns an* ,/ere t/e mill pressure test 'apa'ity
is limite*. t/e mill test pressure may be limite* t% p
/
? 1-;Zp
li
. C,/ere p
li
is t/e l%'al in'i*ental pressure4-
)*5 T/e test '%n+i(urati%n s/all permit blee*in( %+ trappe* air pri%r t% pressurisati%n %+ t/e pipe- T/e pressure
test e2uipment s/all be e2uippe* ,it/ a 'alibrate* re'%r*in( (au(e- T/e applie* pressure an* t/e *urati%n %+
ea'/ /y*r%stati' test s/all be re'%r*e* t%(et/er ,it/ t/e i*enti+i'ati%n %+ t/e pipe teste*- T/e e2uipment s/all
be 'apable %+ re(isterin( a pressure *r%p %+ minimum "L %+ t/e applie* pressure- T/e /%l*in( time at test
pressure s/all be minimum 10 se'%n*s- alibrati%n re'%r*s +%r t/e e2uipment s/all be a)ailable-
)*& SubGe't t% a(reement. t/e /y*r%stati' testin( may be %mitte* +%r e:pan*e* pipes manu+a'ture* by t/e
8OE pr%'ess- It s/all in su'/ situati%ns be *%'umente* t/at t/e e:pansi%n pr%'ess an* subse2uent pipe
inspe'ti%n ,ill0
1 ensure t/at t/e pipe material stress-strain 'ur)e is linear up t% a stress '%rresp%n*in( t% E10"
1 i*enti+y *e+e'ts ,it/ t/e p%tential +%r t/r%u(/-t/i'&ness pr%pa(ati%n un*er pressure l%a*in(
1 i*enti+y pipes subGe't t% e:'essi)e permanent *e+%rmati%n un*er pressure l%a*in( t% a *e(ree e2ui)alent t%
t/at pr%)i*e* by /y*r%stati' testin(-
@%r&mans/ip an* inspe'ti%n s/all be at t/e same le)el as +%r /y*r%stati'ally teste* pipe-
T/e e:pansi%n pr%'ess parameters an* inspe'ti%n results s/all be re'%r*e* +%r ea'/ pipe-
F. N!n-"es%r'c%i-e Tes%ing
F )** Dis'al ins(ec%i!n
)*) Visual inspe'ti%n s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-D H=00-
)*4 I+ )isual inspe'ti%n +%r *ete'ti%n %+ sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns is substitute* ,it/ alternati)e inspe'ti%n
met/%*s t/en t/e substituti%n s/all '%n+%rm t% t/e re2uirements in App-D H=0=-
F 4** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing
4*) Re2uirements +%r N%n-Destru'ti)e Testin( CNDT4 %+ linepipe are (i)en in App-D. Subse'ti%n H-
4*4 Re2uirements +%r NDT Claminar imper+e'ti%ns4 an* )isual e:aminati%n %+ plate. '%il an* strip per+%rme*
at plate mill are (i)en in App-D. Subse'ti%n 3-
4*8 Table <-1> lists t/e re2uire* NDT %+ linepipe in'lu*in( laminati%n '/e'& +%r ,el*e* linepipe- F%r ,el*e*
pipe. laminati%n '/e'&s may be per+%rme* %n linepipe %r plateIstrip at t/e *is'reti%n %+ t/e 6anu+a'turer-
4*4 Alternati)e test met/%*s may be a''epte* subGe't t% a(reement a''%r*in( t% App-D. H;01 an* H;0"-
N ? True pipe ,all +%r'e ,/i'/ *epen* %n t/e test set up en* restraints-
s
l
4
)
s
----- ?
C<->4
G. Di$ensi!ns= Mass an" T!lerances
G )** General
)*) Binepipe s/all be *eli)ere* t% t/e *imensi%ns spe'i+ie* in t/e material spe'i+i'ati%n. subGe't t% t/e
appli'able t%leran'es-
)*4 T/e pipe s/all be *eli)ere* in ran*%m len(t/s %r appr%:imate len(t/. as spe'i+ie* in t/e material
spe'i+i'ati%n-
Ta6le &-)5 T7(e an" e,%en% !+ n!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing
)/
)pplicable to Scope of testing Type of test
"4
&re*uency of
testing
Reference
/)ppendi" 0
All
Visual inspe'ti%n - 100L H=00
Resi*ual ma(netism - =L
#4
H=00
Imper+e'ti%ns in un-teste* en*s 8TWST 100L %r 'ut %++ H>00
Pipe en*s %+ all
pipe
Baminar imper+e'ti%ns pipe en*s
;4
8T 100L
H<00
Baminar imper+e'ti%ns pipe en* +a'eIbe)el ST 100L
S6BS
Baminar imper+e'ti%ns in pipe b%*y 8T 100L
HF00
B%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns in pipe b%*y 8T 100L
Trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns in pipe b%*y 8T 100I10L
>4
@all t/i'&ness testin( 8T 100L
<4
B%n(itu*inal sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns in pipe b%*y
=4
ST 100I10L
>4
HF@. E!@
an* B!@
HH00 Baminar imper+e'ti%ns in area a*Ga'ent t% ,el* 8T 100L
B%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns in ,el* 8T 100L
SA@B.
SA@H an*
6@P
H1#00
Baminar imper+e'ti%ns in area a*Ga'ent t% ,el* 8T 100L
Imper+e'ti%ns in ,el* 8T 100L
Sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns in ,el* area
=4
ST 100LIR
F4
Imper+e'ti%ns at ,el* en*s RT 100L
la* pipe
Ba'& %+ b%n*in( in pipe b%*y an* pipe en*s
H4
8T 100L
H1"00
B%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns in ,el* 8T 100L
Baminar imper+e'ti%ns in area a*Ga'ent t% ,el* 8T 100L
Sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns in ,el* area ST 100LIR
104
Imper+e'ti%ns in ,el*s RT 100L
RA liner pipe B%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns in ,el* E %r RT 100L H1000
Bine* pipe
As re2uire* +%r t/e type %+ ba'&in( material use*.
see ab%)e
- 100L -
Seal an* 'la* ,el*s ST 100L
H1100
la* ,el*s Cb%n*in( imper+e'ti%ns4 8T 100L
4otes
14 T/e in*i'ate* test met/%*s are '%nsi*ere* t% be in*ustry stan*ar*- Alternati)e met/%*s may be use* as re2uire* in App-D H;00-
"4 N%men'lature0 8T ? ultras%ni' testin(. ST ? sur+a'e testin(. e-(- ma(neti' parti'le testin( %r E6I C+lu: lea&a(e4 +%r ma(neti'
materials an* li2ui* penetrant testin( +%r n%n-ma(neti' materials. RT ? ra*i%(rap/i' testin( an* E ? e**y 'urrent testin(. see
Appen*i: D-
#4 =L ? testin( %+ =L %+ t/e pipes pr%*u'e* but at least %n'e per ; /%ur per %peratin( s/i+t-
;4 Baminar inspe'ti%n is n%t appli'able t% pipe ,it/ t = mm- Stan*ar* ,i*t/ %+ ban* t% be teste* is =0 mm. but a ,i*er ban* may
be teste* i+ spe'i+ie* by t/e Pur'/aser-
=4 Appli'able t% e:ternal sur+a'e %nly-
>4 100I10L ? 100L testin( %+ t/e +irst "0 pipes manu+a'ture* an* i+ all pipes are ,it/in spe'i+i'ati%n. t/erea+ter ran*%m testin(
Cminimum +i)e pipes per F-/%ur s/i+t4 *urin( t/e pr%*u'ti%n %+ 10L %+ t/e remainin( pipes-
<4 T/e ,all t/i'&ness s/all be '%ntr%lle* by '%ntinu%usly %peratin( measurin( *e)i'es-
F4 100LIR ? 100L testin( %+ t/e +irst "0 pipes manu+a'ture*- I+ all pipes are ,it/in spe'i+i'ati%n. t/erea+ter ran*%m testin( %+ a
minimum %+ %ne pipe per F-/%ur s/i+t-
H4 Applies t% pipe en*s irrespe'ti)e i+ 'la* ,el*s are applie* t% pipe en*s %r n%t-
104 F%r e:ternal ,el* N%te F4 s/all apply- F%r internal ,el* t/e +re2uen'y s/all be 100L-
G 4** T!lerances
4*) T/e *iameter an* %ut-%+-r%un*ness s/all be ,it/in t/e t%leran'es (i)en in Table <-1<- T/e minus
t%leran'es +%r *iameter an* %ut-%+-r%un*ness *% n%t apply +%r *e+e'ts '%mpletely rem%)e* by (rin*in(.
a''%r*in( t% App-D H#0F an* H#0H-
4*4 T/e ,all t/i'&ness s/all be ,it/in t/e t%leran'es (i)en in Table <-1F-
4*8 3e%metri' *e)iati%ns. pipe strai(/tness. en* s2uareness an* ,ei(/t s/all be ,it/in t/e t%leran'es (i)en
in Table <-1H-
4*4 T/e minimum a)era(e len(t/ %+ pipe s/%ul* be 1"-1 m. an* t/e t%leran'es +%r len(t/ a''%r*in( t% Table
<-1H-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e a)era(e len(t/ %+ 1"-1 m is base* up%n t/e %ptimum len(t/s +%r /an*lin( %n se)eral AS-layA bar(es in %perati%n.
but t/is '%ul* '/an(e in t/e '%urse %+ time- An a)era(e len(t/ %+ 1"-1 m is n%t ne'essarily %ptimum +%r *eep,ater A7-
layA pra'ti'e an* 'an )ary a''%r*in( t% t/e A7-layA system use*- It is t/e resp%nsibility %+ t/e pur'/aser t% a(ree ,it/
b%t/ t/e linepipe manu+a'turer an* t/e pipe-lay '%ntra't%r t/e len(t/ ran(e t% be supplie*-
T/e +%ll%,in( s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere*0
1 @ill t/e installati%n met/%* bene+it +r%m an%t/er stan*ar* linepipe len(t/^
1 S/%ul* a si(ni+i'ant 2uantity %+ t/e *eli)ere* linepipes CsubGe't t% a(reement4 be ,it/in [0-"m %r [0-1m %+ t/e
re2uire* stan*ar* linepipe len(t/^
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
Tolerances for the weld seam
4*# T%leran'es +%r t/e ,el* seam %+ ,el*e* pipe. i-e-0
1 'ap rein+%r'ement 6RY
1 r%%t penetrati%n 6RY
1 ,el* interpenetrati%n C+%r *%uble-si*e* SA@ %nly4 6RY
1 'ap an* r%%t '%n'a)ity
1 ra*ial %++set
1 misali(nment %+ ,el* bea*s +%r *%uble si*e* ,el*s
1 *e)iati%n %+ t/e ,el* t%e +r%m a strai(/t line
1 un*er'ut
1 ar' burns
1 startIst%p 'ratersIp%%r restart
1 sur+a'e p%r%sity
1 'ra'&s
1 la'& %+ penetrati%nIla'& %+ +usi%n
1 systemati' imper+e'ti%ns
1 burn t/r%u(/-
s/all be ,it/in t/e t%leran'es (i)en in App-D Table D-;-
Y4 6R in*i'ates t/at t/e re2uirement is m%*i+ie* '%mpare* t% ISO #1F#-
4*5 Re2uirements +%r *ents are (i)en in App-D H=00-
G 8** ;ns(ec%i!n
8*) T/e +re2uen'y %+ *imensi%nal testin( s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table <-1< t/r%u(/ Table <-1H-
8*4 Suitable met/%*s s/all be use* +%r t/e )eri+i'ati%n %+ '%n+%rman'e ,it/ t/e *imensi%nal an* (e%metri'al
t%leran'es- 8nless parti'ular met/%*s are spe'i+ie* in t/e pur'/ase %r*er. t/e met/%*s t% be use* s/all be at t/e
*is'reti%n %+ t/e 6anu+a'turer-
T/e manu+a'turer s/all ensure su++i'ient trainin( an* instru'ti%n %+ t/e pers%nnel. in %r*er t% pr%)i*e a stable
an* repeatable inspe'ti%n pra'ti'e-
G'i"ance n!%eF
@/en measurin( t/e linepipe *imensi%ns an* (e%metri'al +eatures it is imp%rtant t% '%nsi*er t/at ea'/ parameter Ce-(-
,all t/i'&ness. *iameter. %ut-%+-r%un*ness et'4 is +ully in*epen*ent %+ t/e %t/ers- T/is means t/at t/e linepipe s/%ul*
be '%nsi*ere* t% /a)e n%minal )alues +%r all parameters. e:'ept t/e %ne parameter bein( measure*-
T/is mi(/t n%t +ully re+le't t/e realityO t/e pipe %ut-%+-r%un*ness may )ery ,ell in+luen'e t/e *iameter. an* t/e ,all
t/i'&ness )ariati%ns 'an in+luen'e %++set measurements an* *iameter measurements- Still. in %r*er t% /a)e a '%mm%n
appr%a'/ t% linepipe *imensi%ns an* (e%metry inspe'ti%n it is imp%rtant t% '%nsi*er %ne +eature at a time-
It is n%t all%,e* t% a** t%leran'es Ce-(- l%'al (e%metry *e)iati%n W %ut-%+-r%un*ness W ,el* %++set4 in %r*er t% t,ea&
t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $'%
8*8 All test e2uipment s/all be 'alibrate*. an* t/e measurement res%luti%n s/all be su++i'ient t% pr%perly
e)aluate t/e t%leran'es- Dimensi%nal testin( by aut%mati' measurin( *e)i'es is a''eptable pr%)i*e* t/e
a''ura'y an* pre'isi%n %+ t/e measurin( *e)i'es is *%'umente* an* +%un* t% be ,it/in a''eptable limits-
8*4 Diameter an* %ut-%+-r%un*ness s/all be *etermine* separately- Diameter measurements s/all be base*
%n 'ir'um+erential measurements usin( tape. ruler %r 'alliper type (au(es. %r aut%mati' *e)i'es as appr%priate-
T/e %ut-%+-r%un*ness is t/e *i++eren'e bet,een t/e lar(est an* smallest *iameter in a (i)en 'r%ss-se'ti%nal
plane Ct/e ,el* 'ap s/all n%t be ta&en int% a''%unt4- T/e %ut-%+ r%un*ness s/%ul* be measure* usin( a r%*
(au(e an* r%tate t/is ar%un* t/e 'ir'um+eren'e in a (i)en 'r%ss se'ti%n in %r*er t% sear'/ +%r t/e lar(est an*
smallest *iameter- Alternati)ely. t/is '%ul* be measure* usin( an aut%mati' measurin( *e)i'e- T/e a''eptan'e
'riteria in Table <-1< s/all be met- 6R
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e *iameter re2uirement is base* %n t/e n%minal *iameter %+ t/e linepipe- T/e %ut-%+-r%un*ness re2uirement is
base* %n t/e spe'i+ie* n%minal %utsi*e *iameter as state* in Table <-1< an* <-">-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*# At pipe en*s insi*e Ci-e- pipe internal sur+a'e4 measurements s/all be use* t% *etermine *iameter an* %ut-
%+-r%un*ness- F%r linepipe ,it/ internal *iameter less t/an 1=0 mm %utsi*e measurements are all%,e*- 6R-
8*5 Pipe b%*y *iameter an* %ut-%+-r%un*ness s/all be measure* t%,ar*s t/e mi**le %+ t/e pipe- T/e '/%i'e
bet,een insi*e %r %utsi*e measurements is at t/e manu+a'turerNs *is'reti%n-
8*& T/e ,all t/i'&ness at any l%'ati%n %+ e)ery pipe s/all be ,it/in t/e t%leran'es in Table <-1F. e:'ept t/at
t/e ,el* area s/all n%t be limite* by t/e plus t%leran'e- @all t/i'&ness measurements s/all be ma*e ,it/ an
aut%mati' %r manual n%n-*estru'ti)e *e)i'e. %r me'/ani'al 'alliper- In 'ase %+ *ispute. t/e measurement
*etermine* by use %+ t/e me'/ani'al 'alliper s/all (%)ern- T/e me'/ani'al 'alliper s/all be +itte* ,it/ '%nta't
pins /a)in( 'ir'ular 'r%ss se'ti%ns %+ >-#= mm in *iameter- T/e en* %+ t/e pin '%nta'tin( t/e insi*e sur+a'e %+
t/e pipe s/all be r%un*e* t% a ma:imum ra*ius %+ #F-1 mm +%r pipe %+ siJe 1>F-# mm %r lar(er. an* up t% a
ra*ius %+ *I; +%r pipe smaller t/an siJe 1>F-# mm ,it/ a minimum ra*ius %+ #-" mm- T/e en* %+ t/e pin
'%nta'tin( t/e %utsi*e sur+a'e %+ t/e pipe s/all be eit/er +lat %r r%un*e* t% a ra*ius %+ n%t less t/an #F-1 mm-
8*2 3e%metri' *e)iati%ns +r%m t/e n%minal 'ylin*ri'al '%nt%ur %+ t/e pipe Ce-(- +lat sp%ts an* pea&s4
resultin( +r%m t/e pipe +%rmin( %r manu+a'turin( %perati%ns Ci-e- n%t in'lu*in( *ents4 s/all n%t e:'ee* t/e
'riteria in Table <-1H- 3e%metri' *e)iati%ns s/all be measure* as t/e (ap bet,een t/e e:treme p%int Ci-e-
*eepest %r /i(/est4 %+ t/e *e)iati%n an* t/e pr%l%n(ati%n %+ t/e '%nt%ur %+ t/e pipe- A template ,it/ a 'ur)ature
e2ual t% t/e n%minal IDIOD %+ t/e pipe t% be inspe'te* s/all be use*- T/e len(t/ %+ t/e (au(es s/all be "00 mm
%r 0-"= D. ,/i'/e)er is less- T/e (au(es s/all be ma*e ,it/ a n%t'/ s% t/at it 'an +it %)er t/e ,el* 'ap-
At pipe en*s t/e +ull internal 'ir'um+eren'e s/all be inspe'te*. %)er a len(t/ %+ minimum =0 mm +r%m t/e pipe
en* be)el-
Inspe'ti%n %+ t/e e:ternal sur+a'e s/all be per+%rme* al%n( t/e ,el* an* ar%un* t/e 'ir'um+eren'e ,/ene)er
in*i'ate* by )isual inspe'ti%n- 6R
8*: Strai(/tness s/all be measure* a''%r*in( t% Fi(ure 1 an* Fi(ure " in ISO #1F#-
8)* Out-%+ s2uareness at pipe en*s s/all be measure* a''%r*in( t% Fi(ure # in ISO #1F#-
8)) F%r pipe ,it/ D 1;1-# mm. ea'/ linepipe s/all be ,ei(/e* in*i)i*ually- F%r pipe ,it/ D M 1;1-# mm.
t/e linepipes s/all be ,ei(/e* eit/er in*i)i*ually %r in '%n)enient l%ts sele'te* by t/e 6anu+a'turer-
8)4 T/e mass per unit len(t/. r
l
. s/all be use* +%r t/e *eterminati%n %+ pipe ,ei(/t an* s/all be 'al'ulate*
usin( t/e +%ll%,in( e2uati%n0
,/ere0
r
l
is t/e mass per unit len(t/. in &(Im
is t/e n%minal %uter *iameter. e:presse* in mm
t is t/e n%minal ,all t/i'&ness. in mm
% is 0-0";>>-
8)8 All spe'i+ie* tests s/all be re'%r*e* as a''eptable %r n%n-a''eptable-
8)4 T/e a'tual minimum an* ma:imum )alue +%r ,all t/i'&ness an* t/e *iameter %+ pipe en*s an* ma:imum
%ut-%+-r%un*ness at pipe en*s s/all be re'%r*e* +%r 10L %+ t/e spe'i+ie* tests. unless a /i(/er +re2uen'y is
a(ree*- F%r ,ei(/t an* len(t/ 100L %+ t/e a'tual measurement results s/all be re'%r*e*- Durin( 6P5T t/e
r
l
N t/(t0 Z % C<-<4
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $'$
a'tual )alue %+ all parameters +%r all inspe'te* pipes s/all be re'%r*e*-
Ta6le &-)& T!lerances +!r "ia$e%er an" !'%-!+-r!'n"ness
CmmD &re*uency
of
inspection
iameter 5ut(of(roundness
Pipe body
<0
Pipe end
J+ K0
Pipe body
J0
Pipe end
K0
S$#S 6elded S$#S 6elded
M >0-#
On'e per
test unit
;4
[ 0-= mm %r
[ 0-00<= .
,/i'/e)er
is (reater
[ 0-= mm %r
[ 0-00<= .
,/i'/e)er is
(reater. but
ma:- [ #-" mm
[ 0-= mm
%r [ 0-00= .
,/i'/e)er is
(reater.
but ma:- [ 1-> mm
In'lu*e* in t/e *iameter t%leran'e
>0-# >10 0-01= 0-01
_ >10 1;"" [ 0-01
[ 0-00= D. but
ma:- [ ;-0 mm
[ "-0
mm
[ 1->
mm
0-01 but ma:-10
mm +%r /t" <=
!y a(reement +%r
/t
"
_ <=
0-00<= but ma:-
F mm +%r /t
2
<=
!y a(reement +%r
/t
"
_ <=
_ 1;"" as a(ree*
,/ere
t ? spe'i+ie* n%minal ,all t/i'&ness-
4otes
14 Dimensi%ns %+ pipe b%*y t% be measure* appr%:imately in t/e mi**le %+ t/e pipe len(t/-
"4 F%r S6BS pipe. t/e t%leran'es apply +%r t "=-0 mm. an* t/e t%leran'es +%r /ea)ier ,all pipe s/all be as a(ree*-
#4 T/e pipe en* in'lu*es a len(t/ %+ 100 mm at ea'/ %+ t/e pipe e:tremities-
;4 On'e per test unit %+ n%t m%re t/an "0 len(t/s %+ pipe- F%r 1>F-# mmO %n'e per test unit %+ n%t m%re t/an 100 len(t/s %+ pipe.
but minimum %ne C14 an* ma:imum > pipes per F-/%ur s/i+t- 6RY
Y4 6R in*i'ates t/at t/e re2uirement is m%*i+ie* '%mpare* t% ISO #1F#-
Ta6le &-)2 T!lerances +!r 1all %hic0ness
Type of pipe 6all thic.ness `mma &re*uency of
inspection
Tolerances
14
S6BS
t M ;-0
100L
W 0-> mm - 0-= mm
;-0 t M 10-0 W 0-1= t - 0-1"= t
10-0 t M "=-0 [ 0-1"= t
t "=-0
W 0-10 t %r W #-< mm. ,/i'/e)er is (reater 6RY
- 0-10 t %r - #-0 mm. ,/i'/e)er is (reater 6RY
HF@. E!@. B!@ an*
6@P
"4
t >-0 [ 0-; mm
>-0 M t 1=-0 [ 0-< mm
t _ 1=-0 [ 1-0 mm
SA@
#4
t >-0 [ 0-= mm
>-0 M t 10-0 [ 0-< mm
10-0 M t "0-0 [ 1-0 mm
t _ "0-0 W 1-= mm - 1-0 mm
@/ere
4otes
14 I+ t/e pur'/ase %r*er spe'i+ies a minus t%leran'e +%r ,all t/i'&ness smaller t/an t/e appli'able )alue (i)en in t/is table. t/e plus
t%leran'e +%r ,all t/i'&ness s/all be in'rease* by an am%unt su++i'ient t% maintain t/e appli'able t%leran'e ran(e-
"4 SubGe't t% a(reement a lar(er plus t%leran'e +%r metallur(i'ally 'la* pipes may be applie*- Re+eren'e is (i)en t% Se'-; 3;0<-
#4 T/e plus t%leran'e +%r ,all t/i'&ness *%es n%t apply t% t/e ,el* area-
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $'&
H. Mar0ing= Deli-er7 C!n"i%i!n an" D!c'$en%a%i!n
H )** Mar0ing
)*) All mar&in( s/all be easily i*enti+iable an* *urable in %r*er t% ,it/stan* pipe l%a*in(. s/ippin(. an*
n%rmal installati%n a'ti)ities-
)*4 6ar&in( s/all in'lu*e DNV linepipe *esi(nati%n Cre+- !"00. "00 an* D"004- Ot/er type %+ mar&in(
s/all be subGe't t% a(reement-
)*8 Ea'/ linepipe s/all be mar&e* ,it/ a uni2ue number- T/e mar&in( s/all re+le't t/e '%rrelati%n bet,een
t/e pr%*u't an* t/e respe'ti)e inspe'ti%n *%'ument-
H 4** Deli-er7 c!n"i%i!n
4*) T/e *eli)ery '%n*iti%n %+ -6n steel pipe s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table <-1-
4*4 T/e internal sur+a'e %+ RA pipes s/all be pi'&le* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e pur'/ase %r*er- I+ a(ree* t/e
e:ternal sur+a'e %+ RA pipes s/all be 'leane*-
H 8** Han"ling an" s%!rage
8*) On 'ust%merAs re2uest. ea'/ linepipe s/all be pr%te'te* until ta&en int% use-
8*4 F%r temp%rary st%ra(e see Se'-> D#00-
H 4** D!c'$en%a%i!n= rec!r"s an" cer%i+ica%i!n
4*) Binepipe s/all be *eli)ere* ,it/ Inspe'ti%n erti+i'ate #-1 a''%r*in( t% Eur%pean Stan*ar* EN 10"0;
C$etallic Products ( Types of 'nspection ocuments4 %r an a''epte* e2ui)alent-
4*4 Inspe'ti%n *%'uments s/all be in printe* +%rm %r in ele'tr%ni' +%rm as an EDI transmissi%n t/at '%n+%rms
t% any EDI a(reement bet,een t/e Pur'/aser an* t/e manu+a'turer-
4*8 T/e Inspe'ti%n erti+i'ate s/all i*enti+y t/e pr%*u'ts represente* by t/e 'erti+i'ate. ,it/ re+eren'e t%
pr%*u't number. /eat number an* /eat treatment bat'/- T/e spe'i+ie* %utsi*e *iameter. spe'i+ie* ,all
t/i'&ness. pipe *esi(nati%n. type %+ pipe. an* t/e *eli)ery '%n*iti%n s/all be state*-
4*4 T/e 'erti+i'ate s/all in'lu*e %r re+er t% t/e results %+ all spe'i+ie* inspe'ti%n. testin( an* measurements
in'lu*in( any supplementary testin( spe'i+ie* in t/e pur'/ase %r*er- F%r HF@ pipe. t/e minimum temperature
+%r /eat treatment %+ t/e ,el* seam s/all be state*-
4*# Re'%r*s +r%m t/e 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e 6PS an* %t/er *%'umentati%n s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e
re2uirements in Se'-1" 100-
;. S'((le$en%ar7 Re<'ire$en%s
; )** S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en%= H4S ser-ice .S/
)*) Binepipe +%r H
"
S ser)i'e Cals% re+erre* t% as s%ur ser)i'e4 s/all '%n+%rm t% t/e re2uirements bel%,- Se'->
!"00 pr%)i*es (ui*an'e +%r material sele'ti%n-
)*4 All man*at%ry re2uirements in ISO 1=1=>-"I# s/all apply. in '%mbinati%n ,it/ t/e a**iti%nal
re2uirements %+ t/is stan*ar*-
Ta6le &-): T!lerances +!r (i(e ge!$e%ric (r!(er%ies n!% c!-ere" in Ta6le &-)& an" &-)2
%haracteristic to be tested &re*uency of inspection Tolerances
3e%metri' *e)iati%ns Cpea&in( an* +lats4
14
10L
"4
0-00= %r "-= mm. ,/i'/e)er is less
Strai(/tness. ma:- +%r +ull len(t/ %+ pipe
=L
"4
0-001= #
Strai(/tness. ma:- *e)iati%n +%r pipe en* re(i%n
#4
# mm
Out-%+ s2uareness at pipe en*s 1-> mm +r%m true H0]
Ben(t/
100L
min- 11-<0 m an* ma:- 1"-<0 m
@ei(/t %+ ea'/ sin(le pipe I pipe bun*le -#-=L I W10L %+ n%minal ,ei(/t
T%leran'es +%r t/e pipe ,el* seam an* *ents see 3"0= an* 3"0>
,/ere # ? a'tual len(t/ %+ pipe
4otes
14 Appli'able t% ,el*e* pipes %nly
"4 Testin( %+ t/e re2uire* per'enta(e %+ t/e pipes pr%*u'e* but minimum # pipes per F-/%ur s/i+t-
#4 T/e pipe en* re(i%n in'lu*es a len(t/ %+ 1-0 m at ea'/ %+ t/e pipe e:tremities-
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $''
G'i"ance n!%eF
ISO 1=1=>-1I"I#. Se'-1. states t/at t/e stan*ar* is %nly appli'able St% t/e 2uali+i'ati%n an* sele'ti%n %+ materials +%r
e2uipment *esi(ne* an* '%nstru'te* usin( '%n)enti%nal elasti' *esi(n 'riteriaT- Any *etrimental e++e'ts %+ in*u'e*
strain ,ill %nly apply i+ t/ese are imp%se* *urin( e:p%sure t% an H
"
S-'%ntainin( en)ir%nmentO /en'e. +%r manu+a'ture
an* installati%n %+ pipelines t/e restri'ti%ns imp%se* in t/e ISO stan*ar* are appli'able als% t% strain base* *esi(n-
Any restri'ti%ns +%r ma:imum all%,able strain *urin( %perati%n are bey%n* t/e s'%pe %+ t/is stan*ar*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
%($n steel
)*8 -6n steel linepipe +%r H
"
S ser)i'e s/all '%n+%rm t% Subse'ti%n !. an* t% t/e m%*i+ie* an* a**iti%nal
re2uirements bel%,. ,/i'/ '%n+%rm t% t/e re2uirements in ISO #1F# Anne: H0 SPSB " pipe %r*ere* +%r s%ur ser)i'eT-
)*4 T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%ns (i)en in Table <-# an* Table <-; s/all be m%*i+ie* a''%r*in( t% Table <-"0
an* Table <-"1. respe'ti)ely-
Ta6le &-4* Che$ical c!$(!si%i!n +!r SMS an" 1el"e" C-Mn s%eel (i(e 1i%h "eli-er7 c!n"i%i!n N !r
E +!r S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en%= H
4
S ser-ice
S$9S Product analysis+ ma"imum. weight G
%
14
$n
14
S
"4
5ther
#4
Pipe ,it/ *eli)ery '%n*iti%n N - a''%r*in( t% Table <-1
";= - - 0-00# -
"H0 - - 0-00# -
#"0 - - 0-00# -
#>0 - - 0-00# -
Pipe ,it/ *eli)ery '%n*iti%n 5 - a''%r*in( t% Table <-1
";= - - 0-00# -
"H0 - - 0-00# -
#"0 - - 0-00# -
#>0 - - 0-00# -
#H0 - - 0-00# -
;1= - - 0-00# N%te
;4
;=0 - - 0-00# N%te
;4
;F= 0-1> 1->= 0-00# N%tes
;. =4
4otes
"4 I+ a(ree* t/e sulp/ur '%ntent may be in'rease* t% 0-00FL +%r S6BS an* 0-00>L +%r ,el*e* pipe. an* in su'/ 'ases l%,er
aIS may be a(ree*-
#4 8nless %t/er,ise a(ree*. +%r ,el*e* pipe ,/ere 'al'ium is intenti%nally a**e*. aIS 1-= i+
S _ 0-001=L- F%r S6BS an* ,el*e* pipe a 0-00>L-
;4 I+ a(ree* 6% 0-#=L-
=4 T/e ma:imum all%,able P
'm
)alue s/all be 0-"" +%r ,el*e* pipe an* 0-"= +%r S6BS pipe-
Ta6le &-4) Che$ical c!$(!si%i!n +!r 1el"e" C-Mn s%eel (i(e 1i%h "eli-er7 c!n"i%i!n M +!r
S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en%= H
4
S ser-ice
S$9S
Product analysis+ ma"imum. weight G
%
14
$n
14
S
"4
5ther
#4
";= 0-10 - 0-00" -
"H0 0-10 - 0-00" -
#"0 0-10 - 0-00" -
#>0 0-10 1-;= 0-00" -
#H0 0-10 1-;= 0-00" -
;1= 0-10 1-;= 0-00" N%te
;4
;=0 0-10 1->0 0-00" N%tes
;4
;F= 0-10 1->0 0-00" N%tes
;4
4otes
1 t% ;4 See Table <-"0-
!ec.4 (onstruction - 7inepipe - 0age $'1
)*# Va'uum *e(assin( %r alternati)e pr%'esses t% re*u'e t/e (as '%ntent %+ t/e steel s/%ul* be applie*-
)*5 T/e m%lten steel s/all be treate* +%r in'lusi%n s/ape '%ntr%l-
)*& T/e re2uirements +%r me'/ani'al pr%perties in !;00 s/all apply. e:'ept +%r t/e /ar*ness-
)*2 Durin( 6P5T an* pr%*u'ti%n. t/e /ar*ness in t/e pipe b%*y. ,el* an* HAU s/all n%t e:'ee* "=0 HV10-
I+ a(ree*. Csee ISO 1=1=>-"4 an* pr%)i*e* t/e parent pipe ,all t/i'&ness is (reater t/an H mm an* t/e ,el* 'ap
is n%t e:p%se* *ire'tly t% t/e H
"
S en)ir%nment. "<= HV10 is a''eptable +%r t/e ,el* 'ap area-
G'i"ance n!%eF
It is re'%mmen*e* t% spe'i+y a ma:imum /ar*ness %+ "#= HV10 +%r t/e base material in %r*er t% all%, +%r /ar*ness
in'rease *urin( installati%n (irt/ ,el*in(- I+ "<= HV10 is all%,e* in t/e 'ap area. t/e /ar*ness in t/e '%rresp%n*in(
base metal s/%ul* be limite* t% "=0 HV10-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*: Any /ar* sp%t lar(er t/an =0 mm in any *ire'ti%n. see Table <-<. s/all be 'lassi+ie* as a *e+e't i+ its
/ar*ness. base* up%n in*i)i*ual in*entati%ns. e:'ee*s0
1 "=0 HV10 %n t/e internal sur+a'e %+ t/e pipe. %r
1 "<= HV10 %n t/e e:ternal sur+a'e %+ t/e pipe-
Pipes t/at '%ntain su'/ *e+e'ts s/all be treate* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-D H#00-
))* T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r t/e HI test s/all be t/e +%ll%,in(. ,it/ ea'/ rati% bein( t/e ma:imum
permissible a)era(e +%r t/ree se'ti%ns per test spe'imen ,/en teste* in S%luti%n CEn)ir%nment4 A Csee Table
!-# %+ ISO 1=1=>-"40
1 'ra'& sensiti)ity rati% CSR4 "L
1 'ra'& len(t/ rati% CBR4 1=L. an*
1 'ra'& t/i'&ness rati% CTR4 =L-
I+ HI tests are '%n*u'te* in alternati)e me*ia Csee App-! !#0"4 t% simulate spe'i+i' ser)i'e '%n*iti%ns.
alternati)e a''eptan'e 'riteria may be a(ree*-
))) !y e:aminati%n %+ t/e tensi%n sur+a'e %+ t/e SS spe'imen un*er a l%, p%,er mi'r%s'%pe at P10
ma(ni+i'ati%n t/ere s/all be n% sur+a'e brea&in( +issures %r 'ra'&s. unless it 'an be *em%nstrate* t/at t/ese are
n%t t/e result %+ sulp/i*e stress 'ra'&in(-
%R) linepipe
))4 RA linepipe +%r H
"
S ser)i'e s/all '%n+%rm t% Subse'ti%n . an* t/e re'%mmen*ati%ns (i)en in Se'->
!"00-
))8 Binepipe (ra*es. ass%'iate* /ar*ness 'riteria. an* re2uirements t% manu+a'turin(I+abri'ati%n s/all
'%mply ,it/ ISO 1=1=>-#-
%lad or lined steel linepipe
))4 la* %r line* steel %r linepipe +%r H
"
S ser)i'e s/all '%n+%rm t% Subse'ti%n D. an* t% t/e m%*i+ie* an*
a**iti%nal re2uirements bel%,-
))# 6aterials sele'ti%n +%r 'la**in(Iliner. t/e ass%'iate* /ar*ness 'riteria. an* re2uirements t%
manu+a'turin( an* +abri'ati%n s/all '%mply ,it/ ISO 1=1=>-#- T/e same applies t% ,el*in( '%nsumables +%r
,el*ments e:p%se* t% t/e internal +lui*- F%r sele'ti%n %+ t/e -6n steel base material t/e '%nsi*erati%ns in
A1#-1 %+ ISO 1=1=>-# s/all apply-
))5 Durin( 2uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures an* pr%*u'ti%n. /ar*ness measurements s/all be per+%rme*
as %utline* in Appen*i: !- T/e /ar*ness in t/e internal /eat-a++e'te* J%ne an* in t/e +use* J%ne %+ t/e 'la**in(I
linin( s/all '%mply ,it/ rele)ant re2uirements %+ ISO 1=1=>-#-
Specific inspection
))& T/e +re2uen'y %+ inspe'ti%n s/all be as (i)en in Tables <-<. <-F. <-1". <-1#. <-1; an* <-1= as rele)ant.
an* ,it/ a**iti%nal testin( (i)en in Table <-""-
))2 HI testin( *urin( pr%*u'ti%n s/all be per+%rme* %n %ne ran*%mly sele'te* pipe +r%m ea'/ %+ t/e t/ree
C#4 +irst /eats. %r until t/ree '%nse'uti)e /eats /a)e s/%,n a''eptable test results- A+ter t/ree '%nse'uti)e /eats
/a)e s/%,n a''eptable test results. t/e testin( +re2uen'y +%r t/e subse2uent pr%*u'ti%n may be re*u'e* t% %ne
test per 'astin( se2uen'e %+ n%t m%re t/an ten C104 /eats-
)): I+ any %+ t/e tests *urin( t/e subse2uent testin( +ail. t/ree pipes +r%m t/ree *i++erent /eats %+ t/e last ten
/eats. sele'tin( t/e /eats ,it/ t/e l%,est aIS rati% Cbase* %n /eat analysis4. s/all be teste*. unless t/e S le)el
is bel%, 0-001=- F%r /eat ,it/ S le)el (reater t/an 0-001= /eats s/all be sele'te* ,it/ t/e l%,est aIS rati%-
Pr%)i*in( t/ese t/ree tests s/%, a''eptable results. t/e ten /eats are a''eptable- H%,e)er. i+ any %+ t/ese t/ree
tests +ail. t/en all t/e ten /eats s/all be teste*- Furt/er. %ne pipe +r%m e)ery '%nse'uti)e /eat s/all be teste*
until t/e test results +r%m t/ree '%nse'uti)e /eats /a)e been +%un* a''eptable- A+ter t/ree '%nse'uti)e /eats
/a)e s/%,n a''eptable test results. t/e testin( +re2uen'y may a(ain be re*u'e* t% %ne test per ten /eats-
SS% test
)4* SS testin( is re2uire* unless t/e pipe material is pre-2uali+ie* in ISO 1=1=>. see Se'-> !"0"- I+ t/e
material is pre-2uali+ie*. t/e pur'/aser may spe'i+y SS testin(- SS testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e
,it/ ISO 1=1=> "I# as appli'able- Csee Se'-> !"0"4-
; 4** S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en%= +rac%'re arres% (r!(er%ies .F/
4*) T/e re2uirements t% +ra'ture arrest pr%perties are )ali* +%r (as pipelines 'arryin( essentially pure
met/ane up t% F0L usa(e +a't%r Cre+- Table 1#-#4. up t% a pressure %+ 1= 6Pa. #0 mm ,all t/i'&ness an* 11"0
mm *iameter
Testin( s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table <-";-
4*4 A /arpy V-n%t'/ transiti%n 'ur)e s/all be establis/e* +%r t/e linepipe base material- T/e /arpy V-
n%t'/ ener(y )alue in t/e trans)erse *ire'ti%n at T
min
s/all. as a minimum. meet t/e )alues (i)en in Table <-
"#- Fi)e sets %+ spe'imens s/all be teste* at *i++erent temperatures. in'lu*in( T
min.
an* t/e results *%'umente*
in t/e 2uali+i'ati%n rep%rt-
Properties of pipe delivered without final heat treatment
4*8 T/is para(rap/ *%es n%t apply t% -6n linepipes *eli)ere* ,it/ a +inal /eat treatment Ce-(- n%rmalisin(
%r 2uen'/ an* temperin(4. %r ""r an* "=r linepipes- A /arpy V-n%t'/ transiti%n 'ur)e s/all be establis/e*
+%r t/e linepipe base material in t/e a(e* '%n*iti%n- T/e plasti' *e+%rmati%n s/all be e2ual t% t/e a'tual
*e+%rmati%n intr%*u'e* *urin( manu+a'turin( Cn% a**iti%nal strainin( is re2uire*4- T/e samples s/all be a(e*
+%r 1 /%ur at "=0]- Fi)e sets %+ spe'imens s/all be teste* at *i++erent temperatures. in'lu*in( T
min
- T/e /arpy
V-n%t'/ ener(y )alue in t/e trans)erse *ire'ti%n. at T
min
. s/all as a minimum meet t/e )alues (i)en in
Table <-"# in t/e a(e* '%n*iti%n- Values %btaine* at %t/er test temperatures are +%r in+%rmati%n-
4*4 Dr%p @ei(/t Tear Testin( CD@TT4 s/all %nly be per+%rme* %n all linepipes ,it/ %uter *iameter _ ;00
mm. ,all t/i'&ness _ F mm an* S6RS _ #>0 6Pa- A D@TT transiti%n 'ur)e s/all be establis/e* +%r t/e
linepipe base material- 6inimum +i)e sets %+ spe'imens s/all be teste* at *i++erent temperatures. in'lu*in(
T
min
- Ea'/ set s/all '%nsist %+ t,% spe'imens ta&en +r%m t/e same test '%up%n- T/e test s/all be per+%rme* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !- T/e spe'imens teste* at t/e minimum *esi(n temperature an* all temperatures
ab%)e. s/all as a minimum. meet an a)era(e %+ F=L s/ear area ,it/ %ne minimum )alue %+ <=L-
4*# I+ supplementary re2uirements +%r H
"
S ser)i'e as in I100 are spe'i+ie* +%r linepipe material ,it/ S6RS ;=0
6Pa t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria state* in I"0; Ca)era(e an* minimum s/ear area4 may be subGe't t% a(reement-
Ta6le &-44 A((lica6le %es%ing +!r S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en% S
)/
Type of pipe Type of test &re*uency of testing
)cceptance
criteria
Production tests
@el*e* -6n steel pipe HI test In a''%r*an'e ,it/ I11F an* I11H I110
Tests for $anufacturing Procedure 8ualification Test
Type %+ pipe Type %+ test Fre2uen'y %+ testin( A''eptan'e
'riteria
@el*e* -6n steel pipe HI test One test C# test pie'es4 +%r ea'/ pipe pr%)i*e*
+%r manu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n
I110
All pipe
"4
SS test I111
4otes
14 Samplin( %+ spe'imens an* test e:e'uti%n s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !-
"4 SS testin( is re2uire* +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steels ,it/ S6RS _ ;=0 6Pa. 1#r
martensiti' stainless steels an* %t/er materials n%t liste* +%r H
"
S ser)i'e in ISO 1=1=>- See als% Se'-> !"0"-
Ta6le &-48 Char(7 D-n!%ch ;$(ac% Tes% Re<'ire$en%s +!r Frac%'re Arres% 9r!(er%ies %es%e" a% T
$in

.>!'lesJ Trans-erse Dal'esJ A-erage -al'e !+ %hree +'ll siCe 6ase $a%erial s(eci$ens/
)= 4/
6all thic.ness K= mm
#4
/mm0 4otes
14 6inimum in*i)i*ual results t% e:'ee* <=L %+
t/ese )alues. Cma: 1 spe'imen per set4
"4 T/e )alues %btaine* in t/e l%n(itu*inal *ire'ti%n.
,/en teste*. s/all be at least =0L /i(/er t/an t/e
)alues re2uire* in t/e trans)erse *ire'ti%n-
#4 Fra'ture arrest pr%perties +%r lar(er ,all
t/i'&nesses an* *iameters s/all be subGe't t%
a(reement Csee Se'-= DH004
;4 S6RS ==0 +%r ""r. "=r an* 1#r
S$9S I<= LJ= <<J=
";= ;0 ;0 ;0
"H0 ;0 ;# ="
#>0 =0 >1 <=
;1= >; << H=
;=0 <# FH 10H
;F= F" 100 1";
===
;4
10# 1"> 1==
; 8** S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en%= line(i(e +!r (las%ic "e+!r$a%i!n .9/
8*) Supplementary re2uirement CP4 is appli'able t% linepipe Cin'lu*in( -6n ba'&in( steel +%r line*I'la*
pipes4 ,/en t/e t%tal n%minal strain in any *ire'ti%n +r%m a sin(le e)ent e:'ee*s 1-0L %r a''umulate* n%minal
plasti' strain e:'ee*s "-0L- T/e re2uire* testin( is %utline* in Table <-"= an* *etaile* bel%,- T/e re2uirements
are %nly appli'able t% sin(le e)ent strains bel%, =L-
8*4 F%r pipes *eli)ere* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ supplementary re2uirement CP4. tensile testin( s/all be per+%rme*
in t/e l%n(itu*inal *ire'ti%n usin( pr%p%rti%nal type spe'imens in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !. in %r*er t% meet
t/e re2uirements in I#0#- Tensile testin( in t/e l%n(itu*inal *ire'ti%n a''%r*in( t% Table <-H is n%t re2uire*-
8*8 T/e *i++eren'e bet,een t/e ma:imum an* minimum measure* base material l%n(itu*inal yiel* stress
s/all n%t e:'ee* 100 6Pa pri%r t% testin( a''%r*in( t% I#0;- T/is is appli'able +%r -6n steel ,it/ S6RS up
t% an* in'lu*in( ;=0 6Pa. %t/er,ise subGe't t% a(reement-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e rati% RSITS s/%ul* n%t e:'ee* 0-H0 in %r*er t% /a)e a reas%nable strain-/ar*enin( 'apa'ity- T/is s/%ul* be
e)aluate* %n a pr%Ge't-spe'i+i' basis-
!u'&lin( %+ t/e pipeline *urin( %n-reelin( is primarily 'ause* by strain '%n'entrati%ns in t/e pipeline- T/ese strain
'%n'entrati%ns are primarily 'ause* by )ariati%n in t/i'&ness an* yiel* stress al%n( t/e pipeline- T/e strain /ar*enin(
'apability '%mbine* ,it/ a ti(/ter t%leran'e %n t/e yiel* stress are t/ere+%re (%%* measures t% miti(ate t/ese bu'&les-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
Ta6le &-44 A((lica6le %es%ing +!r S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en% F
Production tests
Type of pipe Type of test &re*uency of
testing
)cceptance
criteria
All pipe D@T testin( C,it/ limitati%ns (i)e t% *imensi%ns in I"0;4 On'e per test unit
%+ n%t m%re t/an
=0I100
14
pipes
I"0; Csee als%
I"0=4
Tests for $anufacturing Procedure 8ualification Test
All pipe VN impa't testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r establis/ment %+
transiti%n 'ur)e
One test +%r ea'/
pipe pr%)i*e* +%r
manu+a'turin(
pr%'e*ure
2uali+i'ati%n
Table <-"#
"4
@el*e* pipe
e:'ept RA pipe
VN impa't testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r establis/ment %+
transiti%n 'ur)e. a(e* '%n*iti%n
#4
Table <-"#
"4
All pipe D@T testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r establis/ment %+ transiti%n
'ur)e C,it/ limitati%ns (i)e t% *imensi%ns in I"0;4
I"0; Csee als%
I"0=4
4otes
14 N%t m%re t/an 100 pipes ,it/ D =0F mm an* n%t m%re t/an =0 pipes +%r D _ =0F mm-
"4 T/e )alues %btaine* in t/e l%n(itu*inal *ire'ti%n. ,/en teste*. s/all at least be =0L /i(/er t/an t/e )alues re2uire* in t/e
trans)erse *ire'ti%n-
#4 See I"0#
Ta6le &-4# A""i%i!nal %es%ing +!r S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en% 9
)/
Production tests
Type of pipe Type of test &re*uency of testing )cceptance criteria
All pipe
Tensile testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y. l%n(itu*inal
spe'imen %+ pr%p%rti%nal type
"4
On'e per test unit %+ n%t m%re t/an
=0I100
#4
pipes
I#0#
Tests for $anufacturing Procedure 8ualification Test /all testing on strained and aged samples0
Type %+ pipe Type %+ test Fre2uen'y %+ testin( A''eptan'e 'riteria
All pipe
Tensile testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y. l%n(itu*inal
spe'imen. straine* an* a(e*
"4
One test +%r %ne %+ t/e pipes
pr%)i*e* +%r manu+a'turin(
pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n
I#0F
VN impa't testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y
Har*ness testin(
@el*e* pipe
Tensile testin( %+ ,el* metal Call ,el* test4
I#0F VN impa't testin( %+ t/e seam ,el*
Har*ness testin( %+ t/e seam ,el*
4otes
14 6e'/ani'al an* '%rr%si%n testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !-
"4 Pr%p%rti%nal type spe'imens a''%r*in( t% ISO >FH" s/all be teste*. see App-! !#0F-
#4 N%t m%re t/an 100 pipes ,it/ D M =0F mm an* n%t m%re t/an =0 pipes +%r D =0F mm-
8*4 As part %+ 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e pipe material. t/e +inis/e* pipe s/all be *e+%rme* eit/er by +ull s'ale %r
simulate* *e+%rmati%n Csee App-! !110" t% !11104 as state* by t/e Pur'/aser in t/e linepipe spe'i+i'ati%n-
A+ter t/e *e+%rmati%n. spe'imens +%r me'/ani'al testin( Csee I#0> an* I#0<4 s/all be sample* in areas
representati)e %+ t/e +inal *e+%rmati%n in tensi%n. Csee Appen*i: A4- F%r +ull s'ale strainin( t/e test spe'imens.
,/i'/ s/all represent t/e strain /ist%ry en*in( up in tensi%n. s/all be e:tra'te* +r%m t/e se't%r = t% < %N'l%'&
%+ t/e pipe- 1" %N'l%'& p%siti%n is *e+ine* as t/e t%p %+ t/e pipe ,/en reelin( %n-
T/e samples s/all be arti+i'ially a(e* at "=0] +%r %ne /%ur be+%re testin(-
8*# 5uali+i'ati%n +%r Supplementary re2uirement P may be base* %n /ist%ri'al *ata t% be *%'umente* by t/e
6anu+a'turer. subGe't t% a(reement- T/is may be applie* i+ all rele)ant parameters are i*enti'al C@T. ID.
'/emi'al '%mp%siti%n. *e+%rmati%n s'enari% *urin( installati%n Ce-(- same %r less %ner%us *e+%rmati%n
s'enari%4. steelma&in(Ir%llin( pra'ti'e. /eat treatments4-
8*5 T/e +%ll%,in( testin( s/all be '%n*u'te* %+ t/e base material a+ter strainin( an* a(ein(0
1 l%n(itu*inal tensile testin(
1 /ar*ness testin(
1 /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't t%u(/ness testin(- Test temperature s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table <->-
8*& T/e +%ll%,in( testin( s/all be per+%rme* %+ t/e l%n(itu*inal ,el* seam a+ter strainin( an* a(ein(0
1 ,el* metal Call ,el*4 tensile test
1 /ar*ness testin(
1 /arpy V-n%t'/ test Ctrans)erse spe'imens4-
8*2 T/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements s/all be met a+ter strainin( an* a(ein( Csee I#0> an* I#0<40
1 RS. TS an* /ar*ness s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table <-= %r <-11. as rele)ant- Only t/e minimum )alues apply
+%r RS an* TS. an* ma:imum )alues +%r /ar*ness-
1 t/e el%n(ati%n s/all be minimum 1=L
1 /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't t%u(/ness an* /ar*ness s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table <-= %r <-11. as appli'able-
8*: I+ t/e supplementary re2uirement +%r H
"
S ser)i'e CS4 an*I%r +ra'ture arrest pr%perties CF4 is re2uire*. t/e
testin( +%r t/ese supplementary re2uirements s/all be per+%rme* %n samples t/at are rem%)e*. straine* an*
arti+i'ially a(e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ I#0;- T/e rele)ant a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be met-
; 4** S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en%= "i$ensi!ns .D/
4*) Supplementary re2uirements +%r en/an'e* *imensi%nal re2uirements +%r linepipe CD4 are (i)en in Table
<-">- Implementin( supplementary re2uirement D s/%ul* be *%ne by t/e Pur'/aser '%nsi*erin( t/e in+luen'e
%+ *imensi%ns an* t%leran'es %n t/e subse2uent +abri'ati%nIinstallati%n a'ti)ities an* t/e ,el*in( +a'ilities t%
be use*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Supplementary re2uirement D is bene+i'ial +%r l%'al bu'&lin( *urin( reel-lay installati%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
; #** S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en%= high '%ilisa%i!n .U/
#*) F%r ,el*e* pipes. supplementary re2uirement 8 *%es %nly '%nsi*er t/e S6RS at ambient temperature
in t/e trans)erse *ire'ti%n- F%r seamless pipes *eli)ere* in t/e 2uen'/e* an* tempere* '%n*iti%n testin( may
be '%n*u'te* in t/e l%n(itu*inal *ire'ti%n-
#*4 T/e test re(ime (i)en in t/is sub-se'ti%n inten*s t% ensure t/at t/e a)era(e yiel* stress is at least t,%
stan*ar* *e)iati%ns ab%)e S6RS- T/e testin( s'/eme applies t% pr%*u'ti%n in e:'ess %+ =0 test units-
Alternati)e ,ays %+ *%'umentin( t/e same base* up%n earlier test results in t/e same pr%*u'ti%n is all%,e*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e %utline* test re(ime is re2uire* t% be able t% meet Supplementary re2uirement 8. but as state* ab%)e. e)en i+ all
teste* pipes +ul+il t/e re2uirements +%r t/e (ra*e in 2uesti%n t/e pipes *% n%t ne'essary +ul+il t/e re2uirements +%r
supplementary re2uirement 8-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
$andatory mechanical testing
#*8 T/e testin( +re2uen'y s/all '%mply ,it/ Table <-< %r Table <-1". as appli'able-
#*4 I+ t/e results +r%m t/e man*at%ry testin( meet t/e re2uirement S6RS 1-0#. n% +urt/er testin( is
re2uire* in %r*er t% a''ept t/e test unit-
#*# I+ t/e result +r%m t/e man*at%ry testin( +alls bel%, S6RS. t/e re-test pr%(ram (i)en in I=0< s/all apply-
%onfirmatory mechanical testing
#*5 I+ t/e man*at%ry test result +alls bet,een S6RS 1-0# an* S6RS. t/en t,% C"4 '%n+irmat%ry tests ta&en
+r%m t,% C"4 *i++erent pipes Ca t%tal %+ t,% tests4 ,it/in t/e same test unit s/all be per+%rme*-
I+ t/e '%n+irmat%ry tests meet S6RS. t/e test unit is a''eptable-
I+ %ne %r b%t/ %+ t/e '%n+irmat%ry tests +all bel%, S6RS. t/e re-test pr%(ram (i)en in I=0F s/all apply-
Re(testing
Ta6le &-45 S'((le$en%ar7 re<'ire$en%s D= enhance" %!lerances an"H!r increase" +re<'enc7 !+
ins(ec%i!n
)/
Type of
pipe
%haracteristic to be tested Pipe diameter
&re*uency of
inspection
Tolerances
All. e:'ept
Bine*Ila*
Diameter pipe en*s -
Ea'/ pipe
en*
As per Table <-1<
Out-%+-r%un*ness. pipe en*s. /t <= >10 M 1;"" 0-00<= . but ma:- =-0 mm
S6BS @all t/i'&ness t 10-0 mm (
Ea'/ pipe
[ 0-10 t. but ma:- [#-0 mm
HF@ pipe
@all t/i'&ness t >-0 mm ( [ 0-= mm
"4
@all t/i'&ness t _ >-0 t% 10-0 mm ( [ 0-> mm
"4
@all t/i'&ness t _ 10-0 t% 1=-0 mm [ 0-< mm
"4
@all t/i'&ness t _ 1=-0 t% "0-0 mm ( [ 0-F mm
"4
@all t/i'&ness t > "0-0 mm ( [ 1-0 mm
"4
3e%metri' *e)iati%ns Cpea&in( an*
+lats4 at pipe en*s
( 10L
0-00= %r 1-= mm. ,/i'/e)er is
less
SA@ @all t/i'&ness t >-0 mm (
Ea'/ pipe
[ 0-= mm "4
@all t/i'&ness t _ >-0 t% 10-0 mm ( [ 0-> mm
"4
@all t/i'&ness t _ 10-0 t% "0-0 mm ( [ 0-F mm
"4
@all t/i'&ness t > "0-0 mm ( [ 1-0 mm
"4
3e%metri' *e)iati%ns Cpea&in( an*
+lats4 at pipe en*s
( 10L
0-00= %r 1-= mm. ,/i'/e)er is
less
Bine*Ila*
Diameter pipe en*s -
Ea'/ pipe
en*
[1-0 mm
Out-%+-r%un*ness pipe en*s -
0-00<= . but ma:- #-0 mm
,/ere
? spe'i+ie* n%minal %utsi*e *iameterV
4otes
14 F%r t%leran'es n%t spe'i+ie* in t/is table. t/e *imensi%nal t%leran'es in Table <-1< t% Table <-1H s/all apply-
"4 SubGe't t% a(reement a lar(er plus t%leran'e +%r metallur(i'ally 'la* pipes may be applie*- Re+eren'e is (i)en t% Se'-; 3;0<-
#*& I+ t/e result +r%m t/e man*at%ry testin( +alls bel%, S6RS. +%ur C;4 re-tests ta&en +r%m +%ur C;4 *i++erent
pipes Ca t%tal %+ ; tests4. ,it/in t/e same test unit. s/all be teste*- I+ t/e +%ur re-tests meet S6RS. t/e test unit
is a''eptable- I+ %ne %+ t/e re-tests +all bel%, S6RS t/e test unit s/all be reGe'te*-
#*2 I+ %ne %r b%t/ %+ t/e '%n+irmat%ry tests +ail t% meet S6RS. t,% C"4 re-tests ta&en +r%m ea'/ %+ t,% C"4
*i++erent pipes ,it/in t/e same test unit s/all be teste* Ca t%tal %+ ; tests4- I+ all re-tests meet S6RS. t/e test
unit is a''eptable- I+ any %+ t/e re-tests +all bel%, S6RS. t/e test unit s/all be reGe'te*-
#*: Re-testin( %+ +aile* pipes is n%t permitte*-
#)* I+ t/e test results are in+luen'e* by impr%per samplin(. ma'/inin(. preparati%n. treatment %r testin(. t/e
test sample s/all be repla'e* by a '%rre'tly prepare* sample +r%m t/e same pipe. an* a ne, test per+%rme*-
#)) I+ a test unit /as been reGe'te* a+ter re-testin( CI=0< an* I=0F ab%)e4. t/e 6anu+a'turer may '%n*u't re-
/eat treatment %+ t/e test unit %r in*i)i*ual testin( %+ all t/e remainin( pipes in t/e test unit- I+ t/e t%tal reGe'ti%n
%+ all t/e pipes ,it/in %ne test unit e:'ee*s 1=L. in'lu*in( t/e pipes +ailin( t/e man*at%ry an*I%r '%n+irmat%ry
tests. t/e test unit s/all be reGe'te*-
#)4 In t/is situati%n. t/e 6anu+a'turer s/all in)esti(ate an* rep%rt t/e reas%n +%r +ailure an* s/all '/an(e t/e
manu+a'turin( pr%'ess i+ re2uire*- Re-2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e 6PS is re2uire* i+ t/e a(ree* all%,e* )ariati%n %+
any parameter is e:'ee*e*-
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $1%
SECT;ON 2
CONSTRUCT;ON - COM9ONENTS AND 9;9E;NE ASSEM3;ES
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is Se'ti%n spe'i+ies re2uirements t% t/e '%nstru'ti%n %+ t/e '%mp%nents as *e+ine* in Table F-1 an*
pipeline assemblies. see Se'-1 "0F-
A 4** A((lica%i!n
4*) T/is se'ti%n is appli'able t% pressure '%ntainin( '%mp%nents liste* in Table F-1 use* in t/e submarine
pipeline system- Desi(n %+ '%mp%nents s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-= F-
4*4 6aterials sele'ti%n +%r '%mp%nents s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'->-
8*) T/e %)erall re2uirements t% systemati' re)ie, in Se'-" ,ill +%r t/is se'ti%n apply +%r t/e '%mp%nent
manu+a'turers an* imply0
1 Re)ie, %+ t/is Se'ti%n an* e)aluate i+ t/e re2uirements in t/e Pur'/ase Or*er an* %+ t/is stan*ar* 'an be met-
1 I*enti+y any p%ssible t/reats. e)aluate t/e p%ssible '%nse2uen'es an* *e+ine ne'essary reme*ial measures-
A 4** E'ali%7 ass'rance
4*) Re2uirements +%r 2uality assuran'e are (i)en in Se'-" !=00- %rresp%n*in( re2uirements +%r t/e
material pr%'essin( an* t/e manu+a'ture %+ '%mp%nents s/all be spe'i+ie*-
3. C!$(!nen% Re<'ire$en%s
3 )** General
)*) Re+eren'es t% re2uirements are liste* in Table F-1-
)*4 In para(rap/s %+ subse'ti%n !"00 t% !>00. ISO re+eren'es are (i)en bet,een slas/es. e-(-0 IAnne: AI-
T/e para(rap/ te:t s/all be rea* as eit/er a**iti%nal %r m%*i+ie* re2uirement t% ISO 1==H0 I ISO 1;<"#-
Ta6le 2-) Man'+ac%'re an" %es%ing !+ (i(eline c!$(!nen%s an" (i(eline asse$6lies
%omponents
Re*uirements for
manufacture and testing
given in this section
Reference code and applicable class or designation
14
!en*s
"4
!#00 ISO 1==H0-1. PSB " +%r n%n-H
"
S an* PSB "S +%r H
"
S
ser)i'e
Fittin(s
"4#4
!;00 ISO 1==H0-". lass +%r n%n-s%ur an* lass S +%r
s%ur ser)i'e
Flan(es
"4
!=00 ISO 1==H0-#. Desi(nati%n CB4 +%r n%n-s%ur an*
*esi(nati%n CBS4 +%r s%ur ser)i'e
Val)es
"4
!>00 ISO 1;<"#
6e'/ani'al '%nne't%rs
"4
!<00 AS6E VIII Di)-" I EN 1#;;= I PD==00
;4
P Is%lati%n G%ints
"4
!F00 AS6E VIII Di)-" I EN 1#;;= I PD==00
;4
An'/%r +lan(es
"4
!H00 See Table =-1=
!u'&le an* +ra'ture arrest%rs !1000
Pi( traps
"4
!1100 AS6E VIII Di)-" I EN 1#;;= I PD==00
;4
Repair 'lamps an* repair
'%uplin(s
"4
!1"00 DNV-RP-F11# CAPI RP ""01 +%r /%t taps4
;4
Pipeline assemblies F
4otes
14 T/e liste* re+eren'e '%*es %nly '%)er -6n steels. +%r %t/er materials re+eren'e is (i)en t% t/is se'ti%n-
"4 Supplementary re2uirements F. P. D %r 8 are n%t appli'able-
#4 Fittin(s in'lu*e0 Elb%,s. 'aps. tees. ,yes. sin(le %r multiple e:tru*e* /ea*ers. re*u'ers an* transiti%n se'ti%ns-
;4 N%t '%)ere* by spe'i+i' re+eren'e '%*e. /%,e)er. t/ese '%*es are liste* as rele)ant '%*es-
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $1$
3 4** C!$(!nen% s(eci+ica%i!n
4*) A '%mp%nent spe'i+i'ati%n re+le'tin( t/e results %+ t/e materials sele'ti%n Csee Se'-> !4. an* re+errin( t%
t/is se'ti%n %+ t/e %++s/%re stan*ar*. s/all be prepare* by t/e Pur'/aser- T/e spe'i+i'ati%n s/all state any
a**iti%nal re2uirements t% an*I%r *e)iati%ns +r%m t/is stan*ar* pertainin( t% materials. manu+a'ture.
+abri'ati%n an* testin( %+ linepipe- F%r '%mp%nents '%)ere* by ISO 1==H0. see Table F-1. t/e '%mp%nent
spe'i+i'ati%n s/%ul* pre+erably re+er t% t/e appli'able ISO stan*ar* ,it/ ne'essary m%*i+i'ati%ns in line ,it/
t/is se'ti%n %+ DNV-OS-F101-
3 8** ;n"'c%i!n 6en"s a""i%i!nal an" $!"i+ie" re<'ire$en%s %! ;SO )##:*-)
8*) IAnne: AI T/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal re2uirements s/all be state* in t/e 6PS0
1 t/e number an* l%'ati%n %+ t/e pyr%meters use* Cminimum t,%. l%'ate* 1"0 t% 1F0] apart4 an* t/e
all%,able temperature *i++eren'e bet,een t/em
1 t/e 'entrin( t%leran'es +%r t/e '%il
1 t/e number %+ ,ater n%JJles an* +l%, rate-
8*4 IH-1I T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ -6n steel m%t/er pipe. in'lu*in( t/e ba'&in( steel %+ 'la* m%t/er
pipe. s/all be in a(reement ,it/ t/e '%mp%siti%n +%r t/e linepipe (ra*es liste* in Tables <-#. <-;. <-"0 %r <-"1
in Se'-<- T/e ma:imum 'arb%n e2ui)alent CE4 %+ 2uen'/e* an* tempere* %r n%rmalise* -6n steel m%t/er
pipe C*eli)ery '%n*iti%n N %r 5. respe'ti)ely4 s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table F-"- T/e 'arb%n e2ui)alent CP
'm
4 %+
t/erm%-me'/ani'al +%rme* %r r%lle* -6n steel m%t/er pipe C*eli)ery '%n*iti%n 64 s/all be ma:imum 0-0"
/i(/er t/an as re2uire* in Table <-;-
8*8 T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ m%t/er pipe +%r RA materials s/all meet t/e appli'able re2uirements +%r
t/e rele)ant material type an* (ra*e (i)en in Se'-<-
6%t/er pipe s/all be subGe'te* t% NDT as re2uire* +%r linepipe in Se'-<. e:'ept NDT %+ m%t/er pipe en*s i+
t/e en*s ,ill be 'ut %++ *urin( ben* +abri'ati%n-
In*u'ti%n ben*s s/all n%t be pr%*u'e* +r%m RA line* steel pipe-
G'i"ance n!%eF
H%t e:pan*e* m%t/er pipe may e:perien'e *imensi%nal instability a+ter p%st ben*in( /eat treatment-
!en*s may be ma*e +r%m spare se'ti%ns %+ n%rmal linepipe- It s/%ul* be n%te* t/at linepipe. parti'ularly pipe
manu+a'ture* +r%m T6P plate. may n%t /a)e a*e2uate /ar*enability t% a'/ie)e t/e re2uire* me'/ani'al pr%perties
a+ter in*u'ti%n ben*in( an* subse2uent p%st ben*in( /eat treatment-
6%t/er pipe %+ RA 'la* -6n steel s/%ul* pre+erably be l%n(itu*inally ,el*e* pipe manu+a'ture* +r%m r%ll b%n*e*
plate
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*4 All m%t/er pipes s/all be mill pressure teste* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-< E. ,/ere Se'-< E10< *%es n%t
apply-
8*# IH-" an* Table 1I T/e +%ll%,in( parameters s/all be a**iti%nal t% %r m%*i+i'ati%n %+ t/e essential
)ariables (i)en in Table F-"0
1 1eat of steel: T/is essential )ariable s/all be repla'e* by0 /an(e in la*le analysis +%r -6n steels %utsi*e
[ 0-0"L . [ 0-0# E an*I%r [ 0-0" in P'm. %r any '/an(e in n%minal '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n +%r RAAs-
1 Any '/an(e in number an* p%siti%n %+ pyr%meters use* an* in t/e all%,able temperature *i++eren'e
bet,een t/e pyr%meters-
1 Any '/an(e in t/e state* t%leran'es +%r '%il 'entrin(-
1 Any '/an(e in t/e number an* siJe %+ '%%lin( n%JJles an* +l%, rate %r ,ater pressure-
Ta6le 2-4 Car6!n e<'i-alen% -al'es +!r $!%her (i(e
S$9S %!
14
+ ma".
";= 0-#>
"H0 0-#F
#"0 0-;0
#>0 0-;#
#H0 0-;#
;1= 0-;;
;=0 0-;=
;F= 0-;>
=== 0-;<
4ote
14 A''%r*in( t% Table <-#
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $1&
8*5 IH-;I Heat treatment e2uipment an* pr%'e*ures s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ D=00-
8*& I10-;-;-"I Har*ness s/all be measure* in Har*ness Vi'&ers-
8*2 ITable " an* 10-;-#I F%r ben*s +r%m m%t/er pipe ,it/ n%minal ,all t/i'&ness (reater t/an "= mm.
a**iti%nal VN testin( s/all *urin( 6P5T be per+%rme* at mi* t/i'&ness in t/e +%ll%,in( l%'ati%ns0
1 transiti%n J%ne base metal Ci+ appli'able4
1 ben* e:tra*%s base metal
1 ben* intra*%s base metal
1 ben* ,el* metal-
A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r me'/ani'al testin( s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in Table <-= %r Table <-11 as
appli'able- VN test temperature s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Table <->-
8*: I10-;-=I Sur+a'e /ar*ness testin( usin( p%rtable e2uipment s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/
Appen*i: !-
8)* I10-;->I F%r metall%(rap/i' e)aluati%n %+ RA %r 'la* in*u'ti%n ben*s. t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be
in a''%r*an'e ,it/ in Se'-< ;00 an* =00-
8)) I10-=I A**iti%nal NDT testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D. sub-se'ti%n H as
appli'able-
A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r t/e a**iti%nal testin( s/all be a''%r*in( Appen*i: D. sub-se'ti%n H-
8)4 I10->I O)ality %+ 'r%ss se'ti%ns s/all be &ept ,it/in t/e spe'i+ie* t%leran'es- T/e ben* ra*ius s/all be as
spe'i+ie* by t/e Pur'/aser. an* lar(e en%u(/ Ce-(- = %uter *iameter4 t% all%, passa(e %+ inspe'ti%n )e/i'les
,/en rele)ant-
Dimensi%nal '%ntr%l s/all in'lu*e t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal %r m%*i+ie* tests an* a''eptan'e 'riteria0
1 ID at ben* en*s Cal,ays measure ID4 s/all be ,it/in [ # mm
1 %ut-%+-r%un*ness %+ ben* en*s s/all be ma:imum 1-=L an* ma:imum #L +%r t/e b%*y. unless stri'ter
re2uirements in ISO 1==H0-1
1 t/e in'lu*e* an(le bet,een t/e 'entrelines %+ t/e strai(/t p%rti%ns %+ t/e ben* s/all be ,it/in [0-<=]
1 i*enti+i'ati%n %+ ,el* seam l%'ati%n. i-e- 'l%'& p%siti%n. an*
1 en* s2uareness s/all be ,it/in [ 0-=]. ma:imum # mm-
8)8 I10-<I 3au(in( s/all be per+%rme* as spe'i+ie* in t/e %mp%nent spe'i+i'ati%n. see Se'-> #00-
8)4 I10-FI Hy*r%stati' testin( s/all '%mply ,it/ Se'-= !"01 an* per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 3100-
8)# I1"-0I 6ar&in( re2uirements s/all be spe'i+ie* t% *istin(uis/ bet,een ben*s manu+a'ture* an* teste* t%
t/e re2uirements ab%)e an* unm%*i+ie* ISO 1==H0-1 ben*s-
3 4** Fi%%ings - a""i%i!nal re<'ire$en%s %! ;SO )##:*-4
4*) T/e +%ll%,in( '%mp%nents s/all be *e+ine* as +ittin(s0 Elb%,s. 'aps. tees. ,yes. sin(le %r multiple
e:tru*e* /ea*ers. re*u'ers an* transiti%n se'ti%ns-
4*4 I>-"I Tees an* /ea*ers s/all be %+ t/e inte(ral Cn%n-,el*e*4 rein+%r'ement type- Outlets s/%ul* be
e:tru*e*- !ars %+ barre* tees an* ,yes s/all n%t be ,el*e* *ire'tly t% t/e /i(/ stress areas ar%un* t/e e:trusi%n
ne'&- It is re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e bars trans)erse t% t/e +l%, *ire'ti%n are ,el*e* t% a pup pie'e. an* t/at t/e
bars parallel t% t/e +l%, *ire'ti%n are ,el*e* t% t/e trans)erse bars %nly- I+ t/is is impra'ti'al. alternati)e
*esi(ns s/all be '%nsi*ere* in %r*er t% a)%i* pea& stresses at t/e bar en*s-
4*8 I<I T/e in+%rmati%n re2uire* in Se'-> #0" s/all be pr%)i*e*-
4*4 IFI T/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal in+%rmati%n s/all be pr%)i*e*0
T/e 6PS s/%ul* spe'i+y t/e +%ll%,in( items. as appli'able0
a4 F%r t/e startin( material
1 *eli)ery '%n*iti%n
1 '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n. an*
1 NDT pr%'e*ures +%r e:aminati%n %+ startin( materials-
b4 F%r +ittin( manu+a'ture
1 NDT pr%'e*ures
1 '%atin( an* pr%te'ti%n pr%'e*ures
1 /an*lin(. l%a*in( an* s/ippin( pr%'e*ures. an*
1 at-site installati%n re'%mmen*ati%ns-
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $1'
F%r S%ne-%++T +ittin(s *esi(ne* an* manu+a'ture* +%r a spe'i+i' purp%se. t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal in+%rmati%n
s/all be pr%)i*e*0
1 plan an* pr%'ess +l%, *es'ripti%nI*ia(ram
1 %r*er spe'i+i' 2uality plan in'lu*in( supply %+ material an* sub'%ntra'ts. an*
1 manu+a'turin( pr%'esses in'lu*in( pr%'ess- an* pr%'ess '%ntr%l pr%'e*ures-
4*# IF-"I Startin( material s/all be subGe't t% 100L NDT at an appr%priate sta(e %+ manu+a'ture a''%r*in( t%0
1 -6n steel an* *uple: stainless steel pipe s/all be teste* as re2uire* in Se'-< %r App-D "00-
1 Appen*i: D !"00. +%r RT %+ ,el*s in startin( materials %t/er t/an pipe
1 Appen*i: D !#00 %r !;00 as appli'able. +%r 8T %+ ,el*s in startin( materials %t/er t/an pipe
1 Appen*i: D D"00. +%r -6n steel +%r(in(s
1 Appen*i: D D#00. +%r *uple: stainless steel +%r(in(s
1 Appen*i: D "00. +%r 8T %+ plate material
,it/ a''eptan'e 'riteria a''%r*in( t% t/e '%rresp%n*in( re2uirements %+ Appen*i: D-
SubGe't t% a(reement. e2ui)alent NDT stan*ar*s ,it/ re(ar* t% met/%* an* a''eptan'e 'riteria may be applie*-
4*5 IF-#-"I @el*in( an* repair ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 2uali+ie* pr%'e*ures meetin(
t/e re2uirements in Appen*i: -
4*& IF-#-#I Heat treatment e2uipment an* pr%'e*ures s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ D=00-
4*2 IH-"I Testin( re2uirements s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ E100-
4*: ITable "I Inspe'ti%n. testin( an* a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ lass ,it/ t/e
+%ll%,in( a**iti%nal re2uirements0
1 t/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n +%r '%mp%nents s/all be m%*i+ie* a''%r*in( t% "00
1 t/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ *uple: stainless steel materials s/all be a''%r*in( t% #00
1 me'/ani'al an* /ar*ness testin( %+ ,el* seams s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: ! an*
a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ E"00 an* E#00 as appli'able
1 sur+a'e /ar*ness testin( %+ +ittin(s %+ lass S s/all be per+%rme* ,it/ a''eptan'e 'riteria a''%r*in( t%
H-;-;-"
1 metall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n +%r ,el*s an* b%*y %+ *uple: stainless steel +ittin(s s/all be per+%rme* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: ! an* ,it/ a''eptan'e 'riteria a''%r*in( t% E#00
1 HI testin( s/all be per+%rme* %n +ittin(s in lass S manu+a'ture* +r%m r%lle* material as re2uire* in
Table F-;
1 "=r *uple: stainless steel +ittin(s s/all be '%rr%si%n teste* as re2uire* in Table F-;. an*
1 NDT %+ +ittin( b%*ies s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% !=1"-
4)* ITable #I T/e e:tent %+ testin( an* e:aminati%n s/all '%mprise t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal re2uirements0
1 t/e test unit *e+initi%n s/all be amen*e* t%0 Fittin( %r test pie'e %+ t/e same *esi(nati%n. startin( material
,all t/i'&ness. /eat. manu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n an* /eat treatment bat'/
1 sur+a'e /ar*ness tests s/all be per+%rme* %n t,% +ittin(s per test unit
1 metall%(rap/y %+ *uple: stainless steel +ittin(s ,it/ t/e lar(est t/i'&ness e:'ee*in( "= mm s/all be
per+%rme* as %ne per test unit
1 HI testin( s/all be per+%rme* +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e 6PS +%r +ittin(s in lass S manu+a'ture* +r%m
r%lle* material. an*
1 "=r *uple: stainless steel +ittin(s s/all be '%rr%si%n teste* +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e 6PS. in a''%r*an'e ,it/
Table F-;-
4)) ITable " an* H-=I NDT %+ ea'/ '%mplete* +ittin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e Table ". lass
,it/ t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal re2uirements0
1 t/e b%*y %+ +ittin(s manu+a'ture* +r%m plates an* pipes s/all be subGe't t% 100L ma(neti' parti'le testin(
+%r -6n steels an* 100L *ye penetrantIe**y 'urrent testin( +%r *uple: stainless steel
1 t/e e:trusi%n area +%r tees an* /ea*ers ,it/ a*G%inin( pipe ,all t/i'&ness 1" mm s/all be subGe't t% 100L
)%lumetri' ultras%ni' an* 100L ma(neti' parti'le testin( +%r -6n steels an* 100L )%lumetri' ultras%ni'
an* 100L *ye penetrantIe**y 'urrent testin( +%r *uple: stainless steel
1 t/e e:trusi%n area +%r tees an* /ea*ers ,it/ a*G%inin( pipe ,all t/i'&ness M 1" mm s/all be subGe't t% 100L
ma(neti' parti'le testin( +%r -6n steels an* 100L *ye penetrantIe**y 'urrent testin( +%r *uple: stainless
steel
1 %)erlay ,el*s s/all be teste* 100L-
4)4 NDT s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D Cas appli'able40
1 ;00. +%r )isual inspe'ti%n
1 D"00. +%r -6nIl%, all%y steel +%r(in(s
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $11
1 D#00. +%r *uple: stainless steel +%r(in(s
1 "0> t/r%u(/ "1#. +%r 8T %+ a =0 mm ,i*e ban* insi*e en*sIbe)els
1 ""1. +%r 6T %+ en*sIbe)els
1 """. +%r PT %+ en*sIbe)els
1 !"00. +%r RT %+ ,el*s
1 !#00. +%r 8T %+ ,el*s in -6nIl%, all%y steel
1 !;00. +%r 8T %+ ,el*s in *uple: stainless steel
1 !=00. +%r 6T %+ ,el*s in -6nIl%, all%y steel
1 !>00. +%r DP %+ ,el*s in *uple: stainless steel
1 #00. +%r %)erlay ,el*s
1 D;00. +%r )isual inspe'ti%n %+ +%r(in(s
1 !F00. +%r )isual inspe'ti%n %+ ,el*s. an*
1 =00. +%r resi*ual ma(netism-
A''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be a''%r*in( t% t/e '%rresp%n*in( re2uirements %+ Appen*i: D-
4)8 IH-FI Hy*r%stati' testin( s/all '%mply ,it/ Se'-= !"01 an* per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 3100-
4)4 I11I 6ar&in( re2uirements s/all be spe'i+ie* t% *istin(uis/ bet,een +ittin(s manu+a'ture* an* teste* t%
t/e re2uirements ab%)e an* unm%*i+ie* ISO 1==H0-" +ittin(s-
3 #** Flanges an" +lange" c!nnec%i!ns - a""i%i!nal re<'ire$en%s %! ;SO )##:*-8
#*) I<I T/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal in+%rmati%n s/all be pr%)i*e*0
1 n%minal *iameters. D %r ID. %ut %+ r%un*ness an* ,all t/i'&ness +%r a*G%inin( pipes in'lu*in( re2uire*
t%leran'es
1 *imensi%nal re2uirements an* t%leran'e i+ *i++erent +r%m ISO <00=-1
1 e:ternal l%a*s an* m%ments t/at ,ill be trans+erre* t% t/e '%mp%nent +r%m t/e '%nne'tin( pipeline un*er
installati%n an* %perati%n an* any en)ir%nmental l%a*s Ce-(- n%minal l%n(itu*inal strain4
1 material type an* (ra*e. *eli)ery '%n*iti%n. '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n an* me'/ani'al pr%perties at *esi(n
temperature
1 re2uire* testin(
1 '%rr%si%n resistant ,el* %)erlay-
#*4 IFI O)erlay ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% 2uali+ie* ,el*in( pr%'e*ures meetin( t/e
re2uirements %+ Appen*i: -
#*8 IF-1I T/e 6PS s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ D100-
#*4 IF-" 9 Table ;I
1 T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n +%r +lan(es s/all be m%*i+ie* a''%r*in( t% "00-
1 T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ *uple: stainless steel materials s/all be a''%r*in( t% #00-
#*# IF-;I Heat treatment e2uipment an* pr%'e*ures s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ D=00-
#*5 ITable #I 6e'/ani'al testin( s/all be per+%rme* ,it/ t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal re2uirements0
1 Tensile. impa't an* t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness /ar*ness s/all be per+%rme* %n'e per test unit ,it/ t/e test unit
*e+ine* asO Flan(es %+ t/e same siJe. /eat. manu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n an* /eat treatment bat'/-
1 Sur+a'e /ar*ness testin( s/all be per+%rme* %n'e per test unit +%r +lan(es in 'lass BS-
1 6e'/ani'al. /ar*ness an* '%rr%si%n testin( %+ +lan(es s/all be per+%rme* as re2uire* by E100. a''eptan'e
'riteria t% E"00 %r E#00 as appli'able-
1 6etall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n +%r *uple: stainless steel +lan(es s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% E100. ,it/
a''eptan'e 'riteria a''%r*in( t% E#00-
#*& ITable =I T/e impa't test temperature +%r -6n steel an* l%, all%y +lan(es s/all be 10] bel%, t/e
minimum *esi(n temperature +%r all t/i'&nesses an* 'ate(%ries-
#*2 IH-;-;I Har*ness in*entati%n l%'ati%ns s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table F-;-
#*: IH-;-=I 6etall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n %+ *uple: stainless steel s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/
Appen*i: !. ,it/ a''eptan'e 'riteria a''%r*in( t% Se'-< ;00-
#)* IH-;-> 9 H-;-<I %rr%si%n testin( %+ *uple: stainless steel s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table F-;-
#)) IH-=-;I T/e e:tent %+ NDT s/all be100L ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ +err%ma(neti' materials an* 100L
li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ n%n ma(neti' materials- A per'enta(e test is n%t permitte*-
#)4 IH-=-=I 100L ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e +inal =0 mm %+ ea'/ en* %+ t/e +lan(e s/all be per+%rme*- 100L
ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e +irst 10 +lan(es %+ ea'/ type an* siJe %r*ere*- I+ n% *e+e'ts are +%un* *urin( t/e testin(
%+ t/e +irst 10 +lan(es %+ ea'/ type an* siJe %r*ere* t/e e:tent %+ testin( may be re*u'e* t% 10L %+ ea'/ siJe
an* type- I+ *e+e'ts are +%un* in any teste* +lan(e. all +lan(es %+ t/e same siJe. /eat. manu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure
spe'i+i'ati%n an* /eat treatment bat'/ s/all be 100L teste*-
All +lan(es s/all be subGe't t% 100L )isual inspe'ti%n-
#)8 NDT s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D %r ISO Cas appli'able40
1 6a(neti' parti'le testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-D D"00 %r ISO 1#>>;
1 Bi2ui* penetrant testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-D D#00 %r ISO 1"0H=
1 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ -6nIl%, all%y steel +%r(in(s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-D D"00
1 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ *uple: stainless steel +%r(in(s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-D D#00
1 Testin( %+ %)erlay ,el*s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-D #00
1 Visual e:aminati%n s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-D D;00
A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r +%r(in(s s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e '%rresp%n*in( re2uirements %+ App-D D=00
an* +%r %)erlay ,el*s %nly. in a''%r*an'e ,it/ App-D >00-
SubGe't t% a(reement. e2ui)alent NDT stan*ar*s ,it/ re(ar* t% met/%* an* a''eptan'e 'riteria may be applie*-
#)4 IH->I F%r +lan(es ,it/ spe'i+ie* *imensi%ns an* t%leran'es *i++erent +r%m ISO <00=-1. t/ese spe'i+ie*
re2uirements s/all be met-
#)# IH-<I Hy*r%stati' testin( s/all '%mply ,it/ Se'-= !"01 an* per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 3100-
#)5 IH-HI Repair ,el*in( %+ +lan(e b%*ies is n%t permitte*-
#)& I11I 6ar&in( re2uirements s/all be spe'i+ie* t% *istin(uis/ bet,een +lan(es manu+a'ture* an* teste* t%
t/e re2uirements ab%)e an* unm%*i+ie* ISO 1==H0-# +lan(es-
&langed connections
#)2 Sealin( rin(s s/all be '%mpatible ,it/ t/e +inis/ an* sur+a'e r%u(/ness %+ t/e +lan(e '%nta't +a'es-
#): Sealin( rin(s s/all be 'apable %+ ,it/stan*in( t/e ma:imum pressure t% ,/i'/ t/ey '%ul* be subGe'te*.
as ,ell as installati%n +%r'es i+ +lan(es are lai* in-line ,it/ t/e pipeline- Sealin( rin(s +%r +lan(es s/all be ma*e
+r%m metalli' materials t/at are resistant t% t/e +lui* t% be transp%rte* in t/e pipeline system- 6e'/ani'al
pr%perties s/all be maintaine* at t/e anti'ipate* in ser)i'e pressures an* temperatures-
#4* !%lts s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in =00-
#4) F%r t/e use %+ ANSI. RT7 an* %ri+i'e +lan(es it must be ensure* t/at t/e +lan(es are suitable +%r subsea
use. e-(- by means %+ materials '%mpatibility an* use %+ )ent /%les t% a)%i* ,ater trappin( an* pressure buil*
up in t/e (r%%)e area +%r (as&ets-
3 5** Dal-es a""i%i!nal re<'ire$en%s %! ;SO )4&48
5*) IAnne: !I T/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal in+%rmati%n s/all be pr%)i*e*0
1 *esi(n stan*ar*
1 *esi(n pressure Cl%'al4
1 ,ater *ept/. an*
1 ,el* %)erlay. '%rr%si%n resistant an*I%r ,ear resistant-
$anufacturing procedure specification
5*4 A manu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n in a''%r*an'e ,it/ D100 s/all be *%'umente*-
5*8 IF-1. F-; an* F-<I 6aterials s/all be spe'i+ie* t% meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in subse'ti%n -
5*4 IF-=I T/e impa't test temperature s/all be 10] bel%, t/e minimum *esi(n temperature
5*# IF->I !%ltin( s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ =00-
5*5 IFI @el*in( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% 2uali+ie* ,el*in( pr%'e*ures meetin( t/e re2uirements %+
Appen*i: -
5*& IH-;I T/e e:tent. met/%* an* type %+ NDT %+ -6nIl%, all%y steels s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO
1;<"#. Anne: A. 5B " re2uirements-
T/e e:tent an* type %+ NDT %+ *uple: stainless steels s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1;<"#. Anne: A. 5B "
re2uirements- 6et/%*s s/all be a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: D %+ t/is stan*ar*-
T/e e:tent an* type %+ NDT %+ ,el* %)erlay s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1;<"#. Anne: A. 5B "
re2uirements- t/e met/%* s/all be a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: D-
A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r NDT s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1;<"#. Anne: A ,it/ t/e +%ll%,in( amen*ments0
F%r 8T ". VT " an* VT # t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D %+ t/is stan*ar*-
5*2 IH-=I Repair ,el*in( %+ +%r(in(s is n%t permitte*-
5*: I10-"I Hy*r%stati' s/ell tests s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1;<"#. lause 11. %r a''%r*in(
t% spe'i+ie* re2uirements in '%mplian'e ,it/ Se'-= !"01-
5)* I11I 6ar&in( re2uirements s/all be spe'i+ie* t% *istin(uis/ bet,een )al)es manu+a'ture* an* teste* t%
t/e re2uirements ab%)e an* unm%*i+ie* ISO 1;<"# )al)es-
5)) Val)es ,it/ re2uirements +%r +ire *urability s/all be 2uali+ie* by appli'able +ire tests- Re+er t% API >FA
an* !S ><== Part " +%r test pr%'e*ures-
3 &** Mechanical c!nnec%!rs
&*) T/ese re2uirements apply t% manu+a'ture an* testin( %+ en* '%nne'ti%ns su'/ as /ub an* 'lamp
'%nne'ti%ns '%nne'tin( a pipeline t% %t/er installati%ns-
&*4 !%ltin( s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ =00-
&*8 En* '%nne'ti%ns s/all be +%r(e*-
&*4 T/e e:tent %+ NDT s/all be0
1 100L ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ +err%ma(neti' materials an* 100L li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ n%n
ma(neti' materials-
1 100L ultras%ni' testin( %+ +%r(in(s an* 'astin(s
1 100L RT %+ 'riti'al areas %+ 'astin(s
1 100L ultras%ni' %r ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ ,el*s
1 100L ma(neti' parti'le testin( I li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ ,el*s
1 100L )isual inspe'ti%n
NDT s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D Cas appli'able40
1 E"00. +%r -6nIl%, all%y steel 'astin(s
1 E#00. +%r *uple: stainless steel 'astin(s
1 E;00. +%r RT %+ 'astin(s
1 ""1. +%r 6T %+ en*sIbe)els
1 """. +%r DP %+ en*sIbe)els
1 !"00. +%r RT %+ ,el*s
1 #00. +%r %)erlay ,el*s
1 E=00. +%r )isual e:aminati%n %+ 'astin(s
1 !F00. +%r )isual inspe'ti%n %+ ,el*s
&*# Hy*r%stati' testin( s/all '%mply ,it/ Se'-= !"01 an* per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 3100-
3 2** C9 ;s!la%i!n A!in%s
2*) T/ese re2uirements apply t% manu+a'ture an* testin( %+ b%ltless. m%n%lit/i' '%uplin( type %+ is%lati%n
G%ints +%r %ns/%re appli'ati%ns-
2*4 P is%lati%n G%ints s/all be manu+a'ture* +r%m +%r(in(s-
2*8 Is%lati%n G%ints s/all be pr%te'te* +r%m ele'tri'al /i(/ 'urrent /i(/ )%lta(e +r%m ,el*in( an* li(/tenin(
et'- in t/e '%nstru'ti%n peri%*- I+ /i(/ )%lta(e sur(e pr%te'ti%n is n%t pr%)i*e* in t/e '%nstru'ti%n peri%*
is%lati%n G%ints s/all be +itte* ,it/ a temp%rary s/%rt-'ir'uit 'able 'learly ta((e* ,it/ t/e instru'ti%n Sn%t t% be
rem%)e* until installati%n %+ permanent /i(/ )%lta(e sur(e pr%te'ti%nT-
2*4 F%r manu+a'turers ,it/%ut pre)i%us e:perien'e in t/e *esi(n. manu+a'ture an* testin( %+ is%lati%n G%ints.
%ne G%int s/%ul* be manu+a'ture* an* *estru'ti)ely teste* +%r t/e purp%se %+ 2uali+yin( t/e *esi(n an* materials
%+ t/e G%int-
T/e 2uali+i'ati%n pr%(ramme s/%ul* as a minimum '%ntain t/e +%ll%,in( elements0
1 ben*in( t% ma:imum *esi(n ben*in( m%ment
1 tensi%n t% ma:imum *esi(n tensi%n
1 pressure testin( t% 1-= times t/e *esi(n pressure
1 pressure 'y'lin( +r%m minimum t% ma:imum *esi(n pressure 10 times at b%t/ minimum an* ma:imum
*esi(n temperature-
!e+%re an* a+ter testin( t/e resistan'e an* ele'tri'al lea&a(e tests s/%ul* s/%, t/e same an* stable )alues-
In a**iti%n. a+ter +ull tests t/e G%int s/%ul* be 'ut l%n(itu*inally int% se'ti%ns t% '%n+irm t/e inte(rity %+ t/e
insulati%n an* +ill materials an* t/e '%n*iti%n %+ t/e O-rin( seals-
2*# Is%lati%n G%int s/all be +%r(e* 'l%se t% t/e +inal s/ape Ci+ appli'able4- 6a'/inin( %+ up t% 10L %+ t/e l%'al
,all t/i'&ness at t/e %utsi*e %+ t/e '%mp%nent is all%,e*-
2*5 T/e e:tent %+ NDT s/all be0
ma(neti' materials
1 100L ultras%ni' testin( %+ +%r(in(s
1 100L )isual inspe'ti%n-
1 ""1. +%r 6T %+ en*sIbe)els
1 !"00. +%r RT %+ ,el*s
1 #00. +%r %)erlay ,el*s
2*& Pri%r t% /y*r%stati' testin(. /y*rauli' +ati(ue test an* t/e '%mbine* pressure-ben*in( test I ele'tri'al
lea&a(e tests s/all be per+%rme* an* t/e results re'%r*e*-
2*2 Hy*r%stati' stren(t/ test %+ ea'/ is%lati%n G%int s/all be per+%rme* ,it/ a test pressure 1-= times t/e
*esi(n pressure. unless %t/er,ise spe'i+ie*. an* t% t/e spe'i+ie* /%l*in( time in (eneral a''%r*an'e ,it/ 3100-
2*: Hy*rauli' +ati(ue testin( %+ ea'/ is%lati%n G%int s/all be per+%rme*- T/e test s/all '%nsist %+ ;0
'%nse'uti)e 'y'les ,it/ t/e pressure '/an(e* +r%m 10 bar( t% F= per'ent %+ t/e /y*r%stati' test pressure- At t/e
'%mpleti%n %+ t/e test 'y'les t/e pressure s/all be in'rease* t% t/e /y*r%stati' test pressure an* maintaine* +%r
#0 minutes- F%r a''eptan'e 'riteri%n. see 311;-
2)* One is%lati%n G%int per siJeI*esi(n pressure s/all als% be teste* t% meet t/e spe'i+ie* ben*in( m%ment
re2uirements- T/e G%int s/all be pressurise* t% t/e spe'i+ie* /y*r%stati' test pressure an* simultane%usly be
subGe'te* t% an e:ternal ; p%int ben*in( l%a* su++i'ient t% in*u'e a t%tal Cben*in( plus a:ial pressure e++e't4
l%n(itu*inal stress %+ H0L %+ S6RS in t/e a*G%inin( pup pie'es- T/e test *urati%n s/all be " /%urs- T/e
a''eptan'e 'riteria are n% ,ater lea&a(e %r permanent *ist%rti%n-
2)) A+ter /y*r%stati' testin(. all is%lati%n G%ints s/all be lea& teste* ,it/ air %r nitr%(en- T/e G%ints s/all be
lea& teste* at 10 bar( +%r 10 minutes- T/e ti(/tness s/all be '/e'&e* by immersi%n %r ,it/ a +r%t/in( a(ent-
T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0 n% lea&a(e-
2)4 T/e FAT s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% t/e a''epte* FAT pr%(ramme- T/e FAT s/all '%nsist %+0
1 *iele'tri' testin(
1 ele'tri'al resistan'e testin(
1 ele'tri'al lea&a(e tests-
2)8 Pri%r t% FAT is%lati%n G%ints s/all be st%re* +%r ;F /%urs at an ambient temperature bet,een "0 an* "=]
an* a relati)e /umi*ity %+ ma:- H#L-
2)4 Diele'tri' testin( s/all be per+%rme* by applyin( an A sinus%i*al 'urrent ,it/ a +re2uen'y %+ =0 - >0
HJ t% t/e G%int- T/e 'urrent s/all be applie* (ra*ually. startin( +r%m an initial )alue n%t e:'ee*in( 1-"&V
in'reasin( t% =-0&V in a time n%t l%n(er t/an 10 se'%n*s an* s/all be maintaine* at pea& )alue +%r >0 se'%n*s-
T/e test is a''eptable i+ n% brea&*%,n %+ t/e is%lati%n %r sur+a'e ar'in( %''urs *urin( t/e test an* a ma:imum
lea&a(e %+ 'urrent a'r%ss t/e is%lati%n %+ 1 mA-
2)# Ele'tri'al resistan'e testin( s/all be 'arrie* %ut at 1000 V D- T/e test is a''eptable i+ t/e ele'tri'al
resistan'e is minimum "= 6O/m-
2)5 Ele'tri'al lea&a(e tests s/all be per+%rme* t% assess any '/an(es ,/i'/ may ta&e pla'e ,it/in a G%int a+ter
/y*r%stati' testin(. /y*rauli' +ati(ue test an* t/e '%mbine* pressure-ben*in( test- N% si(ni+i'ant '/an(es in
ele'tri'al lea&a(e s/all be a''epte*-
3 :** Anch!r +langes
:*) An'/%r +lan(es s/all be +%r(e*-
:*4 T/e e:tent %+ NDT s/all be0
ma(neti' materials
1 100L ultras%ni' testin( %+ +%r(in(s
1 100L )isual inspe'ti%n
1 ""1. +%r 6T %+ en*sIbe)els
1 !"00. +%r RT %+ ,el*s
:*8 Hy*r%stati' testin( s/all '%mply ,it/ Se'-= !"01 an* per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 3100-
3 )*** 3'c0le- an" +rac%'re arres%!rs
)**) T/e material +%r bu'&le an* +ra'ture arrest%rs an* manu+a'ture. inspe'ti%n an* testin( s/all be in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%ns . D an* E Ci+ +%r(e*I'ast4. %r Se'-< Ci+ linepipe4-
3 ))** 9ig %ra(s
))*) 6aterials s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ t/e *esi(n '%*e %r ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ t/is se'ti%n.
i+ m%re strin(ent-
))*4 Testin( an* a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e
re2uirements %+ t/e *esi(n '%*e %r ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ Appen*i: . i+ m%re strin(ent-
Essential )ariables +%r ,el*in( pr%'e*ures s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ t/e *esi(n '%*e-
Pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements in Appen*i: -
))*8 T/e e:tent. met/%*s an* a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r NDT s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ t/e *esi(n
'%*e- In a**iti%n t/e re2uirements %+ Appen*i: D. Subse'ti%n A an* !100 s/all apply-
))*4 Hy*r%stati' testin( s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ t/e *esi(n '%*e an* Se'-= !"01 an* 3100-
3 )4** Re(air cla$(s an" re(air c!'(lings
)4*) Repair 'lamps an* repair '%uplin(s t% be installe* a''%r*in( t% DNV-RP-F11# s/all be manu+a'ture*
an* teste* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/is se'ti%n an* base* %n materials sele'ti%n a''%r*in( t% Se'->-
)4*4 Hy*r%stati' testin( s/all '%mply ,it/ Se'-= !"01 an* per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 3100-
C. Ma%erials
C )** General
)*) T/e materials use* s/all '%mply ,it/ internati%nally re'%(nise* stan*ar*s. pr%)i*e* t/at su'/ stan*ar*s
/a)e a''eptable e2ui)alen'e t% t/e re2uirements (i)en in Se'-< an* t/is se'ti%n- 6%*i+i'ati%n %+ t/e '/emi'al
'%mp%siti%n (i)en in su'/ stan*ar*s may be ne'essary t% %btain a su++i'ient '%mbinati%n %+ ,el*ability.
/ar*enability. stren(t/. *u'tility. t%u(/ness. an* '%rr%si%n resistan'e-
)*4 Samplin( +%r me'/ani'al an* '%rr%si%n testin( s/all be per+%rme* a+ter +inal /eat treatment. i-e- in t/e
+inal '%n*iti%n- T/e testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: ! an* E100-
C 4** C-Mn an" l!1 all!7 s%eel +!rgings an" cas%ings
4*) T/ese re2uirements are appli'able t% -6n an* l%, all%y steel +%r(in(s an* 'astin(s ,it/ S6RS ===
6Pa- 8se %+ /i(/er stren(t/ materials s/all be subGe't t% a(reement-
4*4 All steels s/all be ma*e by an ele'tri' %r %ne %+ t/e basi' %:y(en pr%'esses- -6n steel s/all be +ully
&ille* an* ma*e t% a +ine (rain pra'ti'e-
4*8 T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n +%r /%t-+%rme*. 'ast an* +%r(e* '%mp%nents s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/
re'%(nise* internati%nal stan*ar*s- T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n s/all be sele'te* t% ensure an a''eptable balan'e
bet,een su++i'ient /ar*enability an* ,el*ability-
4*4 F%r materials t% be 2uen'/e* an* tempere*. a /ar*enability assessment s/all be per+%rme* t% ensure t/at
t/e re2uire* me'/ani'al pr%perties 'an be met-
4*# F%r -6n steels t/e ma:imum arb%n E2ui)alent CE4 s/all n%t e:'ee* 0-=0. ,/en 'al'ulate* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/0
4*5 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r tensile. /ar*ness an* /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't pr%perties are (i)en in E"00-
4*& F%r(in(s s/all be *eli)ere* in n%rmalise* %r 2uen'/e* an* tempere* '%n*iti%n-
4*2 astin(s s/all be *eli)ere* in /%m%(enise*. n%rmalise* an* stress relie)e* %r /%m%(enise*. 2uen'/e*
an* tempere* '%n*iti%n-
4*: F%r -6n an* l%, all%y materials *eli)ere* in t/e 2uen'/e* an* tempere* '%n*iti%n. t/e minimum
temperin( temperature s/all be >10] ,/en P@HT ,ill be applie*. unless %t/er,ise spe'i+ie*-
C 8** D'(le, s%ainless s%eel= +!rgings an" cas%ings
8*) All re2uirements ,it/ re(ar* t% '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n +%r ""r an* "=r *uple: stainless steel s/all be
in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-< ;00-
8*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r tensile. /ar*ness. /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't pr%perties an* '%rr%si%n tests are (i)en
in E#00-
8*8 Duple: stainless steel 'astin(s an* +%r(in(s s/all be *eli)ere* in t/e s%luti%n anneale* an* ,ater
2uen'/e* '%n*iti%n-
C 4** 9i(e an" (la%e $a%erial
4*) Pipe an* plate material s/all meet t/e re2uirements in Se'-<-
4*4 F%r ,el*e* pipe it s/all be assure* t/at t/e me'/ani'al pr%perties %+ t/e material an* l%n(itu*inal ,el*s
,ill n%t be a++e'te* by any /eat treatment per+%rme* *urin( manu+a'ture %+ '%mp%nents-
4*8 In 'ase P@HT is re2uire*. t/e me'/ani'al testin( s/%ul* be '%n*u'te* a+ter simulate* /eat treatment-
C #** 3!l%ing $a%erials
#*) In (eneral. b%ltin( material sele'ti%n s/all be in line ,it/ t/e appli'able *esi(n '%*e supplemente* ,it/
Se'-> !>00 an* ;00. ,it/ limitati%ns an* a**iti%nal re2uirements as (i)en in =0" t% =10-
#*4 F%r '%mp%nents base* %n AS6E *esi(n '%*es. 'arb%n an* l%, all%y steel b%lts an* nuts +%r pressure
'%ntainin( an* main stru'tural appli'ati%ns s/all be sele'te* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Table F-#-
F%r '%mp%nents base* %n %t/er *esi(n '%*es. e2ui)alent 'arb%n an* l%, all%y steel b%lts in line ,it/ t/e *esi(n
'%*e s/all be sele'te*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e b%ltin( materials liste* in Table F-# may be use* in '%mbinati%n ,it/ %t/er *esi(n '%*es t/an AS6E *esi(n
'%*es i+ pr%perly '%nsi*ere* by t/e *esi(ner- T/is s/all in'lu*e assessment %+ all%,able utilisati%n an* *eratin( +%r
ele)ate* temperature appli'ati%ns. i+ rele)ant- Appli'able AS6E *esi(n '%*es list pre-*e+ine* all%,able stresses.
,/i'/ are n%t ne'essarily base* %n S6RS an* S6TS. ,/ile %t/er *esi(n '%*es *e+ine utilisati%n base* %n sa+ety
+a't%rs %n S6RS an* S6TS- T/is s/all be '%nsi*ere* ,/en mi:in( AST6 b%ltin( materials ,it/ %t/er '%*es t/an
AST6 *esi(n '%*es-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
CF-14 %! %
$n
>
((((((((
%r $o ; O O
=
(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( (
%u 4i O
1=
(((((((((((((((((((( O O O N
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $2%
#*8 arb%n an* l%, all%y steel b%ltin( materials s/all be /arpy-V impa't teste*- T/e b%ltin( materials s/all
meet t/e re2uirements +%r t/e b%lte* '%nne'ti%n. i-e- t/e materials t% be b%lte*- See E10= an* E"01 +%r test
temperature an* a''eptan'e 'riteria-
#*4 Stainless steel b%lts a''%r*in( t% AST6 A1H#IA#"0 (ra*e !F6 Ctype AISI #1>4 are appli'able but
re2uire e++i'ient 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n +%r subsea use-
#*# Ni-base* b%lts a''%r*in( t% AST6 !;;> type 8NS N0>>"= %r %t/er Ni-base* s%luti%n /ar*enin( all%ys
,it/ e2ui)alent %r /i(/er PRE are a''eptable- H%,e)er. t/ese b%ltin( materials s/all %nly be use* in t/e
s%luti%n anneale* '%n*iti%n. %r '%l* ,%r&e* t% S6RS <"0 6Pa ma:imum-
#*5 6a:imum /ar*ness s/all n%t e:'ee* #= HR +%r 'arb%n an* l%, all%y steels. in a**iti%n t% s%luti%n
anneale* %r '%l*-,%r&e* type AISI #1> %r any %t/er '%l*-,%r&e* austeniti' stainless steel C%nly appli'able i+
t/e b%lts ,ill be e:p%se* t% 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n4-
#*& Restri'ti%ns +%r H
"
S ser)i'e Cals% re+erre* t% as s%ur ser)i'e4 a''%r*in( t% ISO 1=1=> s/all apply ,/en
appli'able-
#*2 T/e /ar*ness %+ b%lts an* nuts s/all be )eri+ie* +%r ea'/ l%t Ci-e- b%lts %+ t/e same siJe an* material. +r%m
ea'/ /eat %+ steel an* /eat treatment bat'/4 an* be tra'eable ba'& t% /eat number-
G'i"ance n!%eF
In %r*er t% ensure a''eptable tra'eability. se)eral %mpanies re2uire /i(/er +re2uen'y +%r /ar*ness testin( t/an %ne
per l%t +%r )eri+i'ati%n %+ subsea +asteners- T/e party installin( t/e b%lts s/%ul* als% '%nsi*er t% per+%rm ran*%m
testin( %+ b%lt pr%perties-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*: F%r a'i* 'leane* an*I%r ele'tr%lyti'ally plate* b%lts an* nuts. ba&in( at "00] +%r a minimum %+ " /%urs
is re2uire* in %r*er t% pre)ent /y*r%(en embrittlement-
#)* Only unuse* b%ltin( materials s/all be applie*-
C 5** H
4
S ser-ice
5*) F%r '%mp%nents in pipeline systems t% be use* +%r +lui*s '%ntainin( /y*r%(en sulp/i*e an* *e+ine* as
H
"
S ser)i'e a''%r*in( t% ISO 1=1=>. all re2uirements t% '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n. ma:imum /ar*ness. an*
manu+a'turin( an* +abri'ati%n pr%'e*ures (i)en in t/e ab%)e stan*ar* s/all apply-
5*4 T/e sulp/ur '%ntent %+ -6n an* l%, all%y steel +%r(in(s an* 'astin(s s/all n%t e:'ee* 0-010L-
5*8 Pipe an* plate material use* +%r +abri'ati%n %+ '%mp%nents s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in Se'-<
I100-
D. Man'+ac%'re
D )** Man'+ac%'ring (r!ce"'re s(eci+ica%i!n .M9S/
)*) T/e re2uirements %+ t/is subse'ti%n are n%t appli'able t% in*u'ti%n ben*s an* +ittin(s t/at s/all be
manu+a'ture* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !#00 an* !;00
)*4 %mp%nents s/all be manu+a'ture* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a *%'umente* an* appr%)e* 6PS-
)*8 T/e 6PS s/all *em%nstrate /%, t/e +abri'ati%n ,ill be per+%rme* an* )eri+ie* t/r%u(/ t/e pr%p%se*
+abri'ati%n steps- T/e 6PS s/all a**ress all +a't%rs ,/i'/ in+luen'e t/e 2uality an* reliability %+ pr%*u'ti%n-
All main +abri'ati%n steps +r%m '%ntr%l %+ re'ei)e* material t% s/ipment %+ t/e +inis/e* pr%*u'tCs4. in'lu*in(
all e:aminati%n an* '/e'& p%ints. s/all be '%)ere* in *etail- Re+eren'es t% t/e pr%'e*ures an* a''eptan'e
'riteria establis/e* +%r t/e e:e'uti%n %+ all steps s/all be in'lu*e*-
)*4 T/e 6PS s/%ul* be pr%Ge't spe'i+i' an* spe'i+y t/e +%ll%,in( items as appli'able0
1 Startin( materials
1 manu+a'turer
Ta6le 2-8 Car6!n an" l!1 all!7 s%eel 6!l%s an" n'%s +!r ASME "esign c!"e a((lica%i!ns
Temperature range /
%
%0 -olt 4ut Si,e range
-100 t% W ;00
AST6 A#"0.
3ra*e B<
AST6 A1H;.
3ra*e ;IS#IS;IS= %r
3ra*e <IS#IS;IS=
M >= mm
-100 t% W ;00
AST6 A#"0.
3ra*e B<6
AST6 A1H;.
3ra*e <6IS#IS;IS=
M >= mm
-100 t% W ;00
AST6 A#"0.
3ra*e B;#
AST6 A1H;.
3ra*e <IS#IS;IS=
M 100 mm
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $2$
1 steel ma&in( pr%'ess
1 steel (ra*e
1 pr%*u't +%rm. *eli)ery '%n*iti%n
1 '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n
1 ,el*in( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n C@PS4
1 NDT pr%'e*ures-
1 6anu+a'turin(
1 supply %+ material an* sub'%ntra'ts
1 manu+a'turin( pr%'esses in'lu*in( pr%'ess- an* pr%'ess '%ntr%l pr%'e*ures
1 ,el*in( pr%'e*ures
1 /eat treatment pr%'e*ures
1 NDT pr%'e*ures
1 list %+ spe'i+ie* me'/ani'al an* '%rr%si%n testin(
1 +un'ti%nal test pr%'e*ures
1 FAT pr%'e*ures
1 mar&in(. '%atin( an* pr%te'ti%n pr%'e*ures
1 /an*lin(. l%a*in( an* s/ippin( pr%'e*ures
1 at-site installati%n re'%mmen*ati%ns-
F%r S%ne-%++T '%mp%nents an* %t/er '%mp%nents *esi(ne* an* manu+a'ture* +%r a spe'i+i' purp%se. t/e
+%ll%,in( a**iti%nal in+%rmati%n s/all be pr%)i*e*0
1 plan an* pr%'ess +l%, *es'ripti%nI*ia(ram
1 %r*er spe'i+i' 2uality plan in'lu*in( supply %+ material an* sub'%ntra'ts
1 manu+a'turin( pr%'esses in'lu*in( pr%'ess- an* pr%'ess '%ntr%l pr%'e*ures-
D 4** F!rging
4*) F%r(in( s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e a''epte* 6PS- Ea'/ +%r(e* pr%*u't s/all be /%t
,%r&e* as +ar as pra'ti'able. t% t/e +inal siJe ,it/ a minimum re*u'ti%n rati% %+ ;01-
4*4 T/e ,%r& pie'e s/all be /eate* in a +urna'e t% t/e re2uire* ,%r&in( temperature-
4*8 T/e ,%r&in( temperature s/all be m%nit%re* *urin( t/e +%r(in( pr%'ess-
4*4 I+ t/e temperature +alls bel%, t/e ,%r&in( temperature t/e ,%r& pie'e s/all be returne* t% t/e +urna'e
an* re-/eate* be+%re resumin( +%r(in(-
4*# T/e i*entity an* tra'eability %+ ea'/ ,%r& pie'e s/all be maintaine* *urin( t/e +%r(in( pr%'ess-
4*5 @el* repair %+ +%r(in(s is n%t permitte*-
D 8** Cas%ing
8*) astin( s/all be per+%rme* in (eneral '%mplian'e ,it/ AST6 A#="-
8*4 A 'astin( s/all be ma*e +r%m a sin(le /eat an* as a sin(le unit-
8*8 astin(s may be repaire* by (rin*in( t% a *ept/ %+ ma:imum 10L %+ t/e a'tual ,all t/i'&ness. pr%)i*e*
t/at t/e ,all t/i'&ness in n% pla'e is bel%, t/e minimum *esi(ne* ,all t/i'&ness- T/e (r%un* areas s/all mer(e
sm%%t/ly ,it/ t/e surr%un*in( material-
8*4 De+e'ts *eeper t/an t/%se all%,e* by D#0# may be repaire* by ,el*in(- T/e ma:imum e:tent %+ repair
,el*in( s/%ul* n%t e:'ee* "0L %+ t/e t%tal sur+a'e area- E:'a)ati%ns +%r ,el*in( s/all be (r%un* sm%%t/ an*
uni+%rm an* s/all be suitably s/ape* t% all%, (%%* a''ess +%r ,el*in(-
8*# All repair ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* by 2uali+ie* ,el*ers an* a''%r*in( t% 2uali+ie* ,el*in(
pr%'e*ures-
D 4** H!% +!r$ing
4*) H%t +%rmin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% an a(ree* pr%'e*ure '%ntainin(0
1 se2uen'e %+ %perati%ns
1 /eatin( e2uipment
1 material *esi(nati%n
1 pipe *iameter. ,all t/i'&ness an* ben* ra*ius
1 /eatin(I'%%lin( rates
1 ma:imum an* minimum temperature *urin( +%rmin( %perati%n
1 temperature maintenan'eI'%ntr%l
1 re'%r*in( e2uipment
1 p%siti%n %+ t/e l%n(itu*inal seam
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $2&
1 met/%*s +%r a)%i*in( l%'al t/innin(
1 p%st ben*in( /eat treatment C*uple: stainless steel0 +ull s%luti%n annealin( an* ,ater 2uen'/in(4
1 /y*r%stati' testin( pr%'e*ure
1 NDT pr%'e*ures
1 *imensi%nal '%ntr%l pr%'e*ures-
4*4 H%t +%rmin( %+ -6n an* l%, all%y steel. in'lu*in( e:trusi%n %+ bran'/es. s/all be per+%rme* bel%,
1100]- I+ mi'r%all%yin( elements /a)e been a**e* t% pre)ent (rain (r%,t/ Ce-(- Ti4. t/e /%t +%rmin(
temperature may be in'rease* t% 11=0]- T/e temperature s/all be m%nit%re*- T/e '%mp%nent s/all be all%,e*
t% '%%l in still air-
4*8 F%r *uple: stainless steel material. t/e /%t +%rmin( s/all be '%n*u'te* bet,een 1000 an* 11=0]-
D #** Hea% %rea%$en%
#*) Heat treatment pr%'e*ures +%r +urna'e /eat treatment s/all as a minimum '%ntain t/e +%ll%,in(
in+%rmati%n0
1 /eatin( +a'ilities
1 +urna'e
1 insulati%n Ci+ appli'able4
1 measurin( an* re'%r*in( e2uipment. b%t/ +%r +urna'e '%ntr%l an* re'%r*in( %+ '%mp%nent temperature
1 'alibrati%n inter)als +%r +urna'e temperature stability an* uni+%rmity an* all t/erm%'%uples
1 +i:tures an* l%a*in( '%n*iti%ns
1 /eatin( an* '%%lin( rates
1 temperature (ra*ients
1 s%a&in( temperature ran(e an* time
1 ma:imum time re2uire* +%r m%)in( t/e '%mp%nent +r%m t/e +urna'e t% t/e 2uen'/ tan& Ci+ appli'able4
1 '%%lin( rates C'%n*iti%ns4
1 type %+ 2uen'/ant Ci+ appli'able4
1 start an* en* ma:imum temperature %+ t/e 2uen'/ant Ci+ appli'able4-
#*4 I+ P@HT in an en'l%se* +urna'e is n%t pra'ti'al. l%'al P@HT s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: .
3;00-
#*8 T/e /eat treatment e2uipment s/all be 'alibrate* at least %n'e a year in %r*er t% ensure a''eptable
temperature stability an* uni+%rmity- T/e uni+%rmity test s/all be '%n*u'te* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a re'%(nise*
stan*ar* Ce-(- AST6 AHH14- T/e temperature stability an* uni+%rmity t/r%u(/%ut t/e +urna'e )%lume s/all be
,it/in [ 10]-
#*4 @/ene)er pra'ti'al. t/erm%'%upleCs4 s/%ul* be atta'/e* t% %ne %+ t/e '%mp%nents *urin( t/e /eat
treatment 'y'le-
#*# %mp%nents s/%ul* be r%u(/ ma'/ine* t% near +inal *imensi%ns pri%r t% /eat treatment- T/is is
parti'ularly imp%rtant +%r lar(e t/i'&ness '%mp%nents-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e e:tent an* am%unt %+ ma'/inin( %+ +%r(in(s an* 'astin(s pri%r t% /eat treatment s/%ul* ta&e int% a''%unt t/e
re2uirements +%r ma'/inin( t% +lat %r 'ylin*ri'al s/apes +%r ultras%ni' e:aminati%n- See als% Appen*i: D-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*5 F%r '%mp%nents t/at s/all be ,ater 2uen'/e*. t/e time +r%m t/e '%mp%nents lea)e t/e +urna'e until bein(
immerse* in t/e 2uen'/ant s/all n%t e:'ee* H0 se'%n*s +%r l%, all%y steel. an* >0 se'%n*s +%r *uple: stainless
steels-
#*& T/e )%lume %+ 2uen'/ant s/all be su++i'ient an* s/all be /ea)ily a(itate*. pre+erably by 'r%ss +l%, t%
ensure a*e2uate '%%lin( rate- T/e ma:imum temperature %+ t/e 2uen'/ant s/all ne)er e:'ee* ;0]-
Temperature measurements %+ t/e 2uen'/ant s/all be per+%rme*-
#*2 T/e /ar*ness %+ t/e a''essible sur+a'es %+ t/e '%mp%nent s/all be teste*- T/e /ar*ness +%r -6n %r l%,
all%y steels an* *uple: stainless steels s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ E"00 an* E#00. respe'ti)ely-
D 5** Wel"ing
5*) @el*in( an* repair ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 2uali+ie* pr%'e*ures meetin( t/e
re2uirements %+ Appen*i: -
D &** NDT
&*) NDT s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D-
!ec.5 (onstruction " (omponents and 0ipeline *ssemblies - 0age $2'
E. Mechanical an" C!rr!si!n Tes%ing
E )** General %es%ing re<'ire$en%s
)*) Testin( %+ me'/ani'al pr%perties a+ter /%t +%rmin(. 'astin( %r +%r(in( s/all be per+%rme* %n material
ta&en +r%m %ne pr%l%n(ati%n %r '%mp%nent +r%m ea'/ test unit Ci-e- '%mp%nents %+ t/e same siJe an* material.
+r%m ea'/ /eat an* /eat treatment bat'/4 s/all be teste* as (i)en in Table F-;. as appli'able-
)*4 All me'/ani'al testin( s/all be '%n*u'te* a+ter +inal /eat treatment-
)*8 I+ a(ree*. separate test '%up%ns may be all%,e* pr%)i*in( t/ey are /eat treate* t%(et/er ,it/ t/e material
t/ey represent. an* t/e material t/i'&ness. +%r(in( re*u'ti%n. an* mass are representati)e %+ t/e a'tual
'%mp%nent-
)*4 A simulate* /eat treatment %+ t/e test pie'e s/all be per+%rme* i+ ,el*s bet,een t/e '%mp%nent an* %t/er
items su'/ as linepipe are t% be P@HT at a later sta(e %r i+ any %t/er /eat treatment is inten*e*-
)*# T/e VN test temperature s/all be 10] bel%, t/e minimum *esi(n temperature-
)*5 Samplin( +%r me'/ani'al an* '%rr%si%n testin( s/all be per+%rme* a+ter +inal /eat treatment. i-e- in t/e
+inal '%n*iti%n- T/e testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !-
)*& A s&et'/ in*i'atin( t/e +inal s/ape %+ t/e '%mp%nent an* t/e l%'ati%n %+ all spe'imens +%r me'/ani'al
testin( s/all be issue* +%r re)ie, an* a''eptan'e pri%r t% start %+ pr%*u'ti%n-
)*2 F%r "=r *uple: stainless steels '%rr%si%n testin( a''%r*in( t% AST6 3;F s/all be per+%rme* in %r*er
t% '%n+irm t/at t/e applie* manu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure ensures a''eptable mi'r%stru'ture- Testin( s/all be
per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: ! at =0]- T/e test peri%* s/all be "; /%urs-
E 4** Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r C-Mn an" l!1 all!7 s%eels
4*) Tensile. /ar*ness an* /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't pr%perties s/all meet t/e re2uirements +%r linepipe ,it/
e2ual S6RS as (i)en in Se'-< !;00-
4*4 T/e /ar*ness +%r '%mp%nents inten*e* +%r n%n- H
"
S ser)i'e s/all n%t e:'ee* #00 HV10- F%r '%mp%nents
inten*e* +%r H
"
S ser)i'e t/e /ar*ness s/all be a''%r*in( t% Se'-< I100-
Ta6le 2-4 N'$6er= !rien%a%i!n= an" l!ca%i!n !+ %es% s(eci$ens (er %es%e" c!$(!nen%
Type of test 4o. of tests Test location+ e.g. as shown in &igure <
1. "4
Tensile test +%r '%mp%nents
/a)in( ma:imum se'ti%n
t/i'&ness T =0 mm
#
One spe'imen in tan(ential *ire'ti%n +r%m t/e t/i'&est se'ti%n 1I"T
bel%, t/e internal sur+a'e an* t/e mi*-len(t/ s/all be at least =0 mm
+r%m se'%n* sur+a'e-
One mi* t/i'&ness spe'imen in b%t/ tan(ential an* a:ial *ire'ti%n +r%m
t/e area ,it/ /i(/est utilisati%n Ca+ter +inal ma'/inin(4. e-(- t/e ,el*
ne'& area
#4
Tensile test +%r '%mp%nents
/a)in( ma:imum se'ti%n
t/i'&ness T _ =0 mm
#
One spe'imen in tan(ential *ire'ti%n +r%m t/e t/i'&est se'ti%n 1I;T
bel%, t/e internal sur+a'e an* at least T %r 100 mm. ,/i'/e)er is less.
+r%m any se'%n* sur+a'e-
ne'& area
#
VN impa't testin(. a:ial an*
tan(ential spe'imens +%r
'%mp%nents /a)in( ma:imum
se'ti%n t/i'&ness T =0 mm
;. =4
# sets
One set in tan(ential *ire'ti%n +r%m t/e t/i'&est se'ti%n 1I"T bel%, t/e
internal sur+a'e an* t/e mi*-len(t/ s/all be at least =0 mm +r%m se'%n*
sur+a'e-
ne'& area
#
VN impa't testin(. a:ial an*
tan(ential spe'imens +%r
'%mp%nents /a)in( ma:imum
se'ti%n t/i'&ness T > =0 mm
;. =4
# sets
One spe'imen in tan(ential *ire'ti%n +r%m t/e t/i'&est se'ti%n 1I;T
bel%, t/e internal sur+a'e an* at least T %r 100 mm. ,/i'/e)er is less.
+r%m any se'%n* sur+a'e-
ne'& area
#
VN impa't testin( %+ t/e
t/i'&est se'ti%n %+ t/e
'%mp%nent

+%r se'ti%n t/i'&ness
#0

mm
;. =. >4
1 set One set in t/e tan(ential *ire'ti%n " mm bel%, t/e internal sur+a'e
6etall%(rap/i' sample
<4
" %r # As +%r t/e VN impa't testin( sets
Fig're )
!ca%i!n !+ %ensile an" CDN s(eci$ens= c!$(!nen% 1i%h sec%i!n %hic0ness 4# $$
4*8 Spe'imens +%r /ar*ness testin( s/all be e:amine*. pri%r t% testin(. at a ma(ni+i'ati%n %+ n%t less t/an
P100- 3rain-siJe measurement s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 E11"- T/e type %+ mi'r%stru'ture
an* a'tual (rain siJe s/all be re'%r*e* %n t/e materials testin( rep%rt-
E 8** Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r "'(le, s%ainless s%eels
8*) Tensile. /ar*ness an* /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't pr%perties s/all meet t/e re2uirements +%r linepipe as
(i)en in Se'-< ;00-
8*4 T/e metall%(rap/i' samples s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ Se'-< ;00-
8*8 F%r AST6 3;F testin( t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria is0 ma:imum all%,able ,ei(/t l%ss ;-0 (Im
"
-
F. 9i(eline Asse$6lies
F )** General
)*) T/is Subse'ti%n is appli'able +%r t/e +abri'ati%n %+ pipe strin(s Cstal&s4 +%r reelin( an* t%,in(. ri(i*
risers. sp%%ls an* e:pansi%n l%%ps.
)*4 T/e +abri'ati%n s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% a spe'i+i'ati%n (i)in( t/e re2uirements +%r +abri'ati%n
met/%*s. pr%'e*ures. e:tent %+ testin(. a''eptan'e 'riteria an* re2uire* *%'umentati%n- T/e spe'i+i'ati%n s/all
be subGe't t% a(reement pri%r t% start %+ pr%*u'ti%n-
Har*ness testin(
F4
# As +%r t/e VN impa't testin( sets
HI an* SS test
H4
1 In a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1=1=>
AST6 3;F
104
1 See E10F
4otes
14 F%r ,el*e* '%mp%nents. t/e testin( s/all als% in'lu*e testin( %+ t/e ,el*s in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: -
"4 Internal an* e:ternal sur+a'e re+ers t% t/e sur+a'es %+ t/e +inis/e* '%mp%nent-
#4 F%r Tees an* @yes b%t/ main run an* bran'/ ,el* ne'&s s/all be teste*-
;4 F%r VN impa't testin( %ne set '%nsists %+ t/ree spe'imens-
=4 T/e n%t'/ s/all be perpen*i'ular t% t/e '%mp%nentAs sur+a'e-
>4 Only appli'able t% -6n an* l%, all%y steel- T/e se'ti%n t/i'&ness is in t/e ra*ial *ire'ti%n in t/e as-/eat treate* '%n*iti%n-
<4 " samples +%r se'ti%n t/i'&ness M #0 mm C%nly %ne sample +r%m mi* t/i'&ness l%'ati%n4 an* # samples +%r se'ti%n t/i'&ness #0 mm-
F4 A minimum %+ # /ar*ness measurements s/all be ta&en %n ea'/ sample-
H4 Only appli'able +%r r%lle* -6n steels n%t meetin( t/e re2uirements in >00-
104 Only appli'able +%r "=r *uple: steels-
Ta6le 2-4 N'$6er= !rien%a%i!n= an" l!ca%i!n !+ %es% s(eci$ens (er %es%e" c!$(!nen% .C!n%in'e"/
Type of test 4o. of tests Test location+ e.g. as shown in &igure <
1. "4
1 Axial tensile specimen 1/2 T
1 Tangential tensile specimen 1/4 T
1 Tangential CVN (set 1/2 T
1 Axial CVN (set 1/2 T
1 Tangential tensile specimen 1/2 T
1 Tangential CVN (set 2 mm
!el"# internal s$r%ace
1 Tangential CVN (set 1/4 T
F 4** Ma%erials
4*) Binepipe s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements. in'lu*in( supplementary re2uirements Cas appli'able4
(i)en in Se'-<-
4*4 In*u'ti%n ben*s s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements in t/is se'ti%n. see !#00-
4*8 F%r(e* an* 'ast material s/all as a minimum meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in t/is se'ti%n-
F 8** Fa6rica%i!n (r!ce"'res= (lanning an" $!6ilisa%i!n
8*) T/e '%nstru'ti%n site s/all /a)e 2uality assuran'e an* systems. see Se'-10 A=00-
8*4 T/e '%nstru'ti%n site s/all establis/ t/e +%ll%,in(0
1 %r(anisati%n an* '%mmuni'ati%n
1 /ealt/. sa+ety an* en)ir%nment manual
1 emer(en'y prepare*ness
1 se'urity plan in'lu*in( ISPS-
8*8 T/e '%nstru'ti%n site s/all establis/ t/e +%ll%,in(0
1 material /an*lin( an* st%ra(e Csee F;004-
1 material re'eipt. i*enti+i'ati%n an* tra'&in( Csee F=004
1 maintenan'e system-
8*4 All pers%nnel s/all be +amiliariJe* ,it/ t/e %perati%n t% be per+%rme* at t/e +abri'ati%n site- 6%re
*etaile* +amiliariJati%n s/all be per+%rme* +%r pers%nnel spe'i+i' ,%r& tas&s-
8*# Pers%nnel in)%l)e* in 'riti'al %perati%ns s/all parti'ipate in a ris& assessment +%r t/e spe'i+i' %perati%n-
8*5 E2uipment nee*e* +%r t/e %perati%ns at t/e +abri'ati%n site s/all be *e+ine* an* m%bilise*-
8*& !e+%re pr%*u'ti%n '%mmen'es. t/e +abri'at%r s/all prepare a manu+a'ture pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n
C6PS4- T/e 6PS s/all be issue* +%r re)ie, an* a''eptan'e pri%r t% start %+ +abri'ati%n-
8*2 T/e 6PS s/all *em%nstrate /%, t/e +abri'ati%n ,ill be per+%rme* an* )eri+ie* t/r%u(/ t/e pr%p%se*
+abri'ati%n steps- T/e 6PS s/all a**ress all +a't%rs ,/i'/ in+luen'e t/e 2uality an* reliability %+ pr%*u'ti%n-
All main +abri'ati%n steps +r%m '%ntr%l %+ re'ei)e* material t% s/ipment %+ t/e +inis/e* pr%*u'tCs4. in'lu*in(
all e:aminati%n an* '/e'& p%ints. s/all be '%)ere* in *etail- Re+eren'es t% t/e pr%'e*ures an* a''eptan'e
'riteria establis/e* +%r t/e e:e'uti%n %+ all steps s/all be in'lu*e*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e 6PS ,ill as a minimum typi'ally '%ntain t/e +%ll%,in( in+%rmati%n0
1 +abri'ati%n planCs4 an* pr%'ess +l%, *es'ripti%nI*ia(ram
1 supply %+ material. i-e- manu+a'turer an* manu+a'turin( l%'ati%n %+ material
1 +abri'ati%n pr%'ess pr%'e*ures
1 *imensi%nal an* ,ei(/t '%ntr%l pr%'e*ures
1 ,el*in( pr%'e*ures in'lu*in( repair
1 /eat treatment pr%'e*ures
1 NDT pr%'e*ures
1 '%atin( pr%'e*ures in'lu*in( repair an* +iel* G%int '%atin(
1 mar&in( an* pr%te'ti%n pr%'e*ures an*
1 reelin( pr%'e*ures
1 stal& *ra,in(s
1 /an*lin(. li+tin(. l%a*in( an* s/ippin( pr%'e*ures-
1 'leanin( an* (au(in( %+ pipes
1 pressure test pr%'e*ures. i+ appli'able-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*: Due '%nsi*erati%n s/all be (i)en t% t/e a''ess an* time re2uire* +%r a*e2uate inspe'ti%n an* testin( as
+abri'ati%n pr%'ee*s-
8)* Due '%nsi*erati%n *urin( +abri'ati%n s/all be (i)en t% t/e '%ntr%l %+ ,ei(/t an* bu%yan'y *istributi%n
%+ pipe strin(s +%r t%,in(-
F 4** ine(i(e %e$(!rar7 s%!rage an" %rans(!r%a%i!n
4*) Temp%rary st%ra(e %+ pipes. b%t/ sin(le G%ints %r se)eral G%ints. s/all '%nsi*er p%tential '%rr%si%n
*ama(e- %rr%si%n *ama(e may a++e't 2uality %+ NDT an* pipeline inte(rity-
4*4 It s/all be *%'umente* t/at st%ra(e +a'ilities /a)e t/e su++i'ient +%un*ati%n +%r t/e ,ei(/t %+ t/e pipes-
Ea'/ pipe G%int an* pipe sta'& s/all ,it/stan* rele)ant ,ei(/t an* en)ir%nmental l%a*in( Ce-(- ,in*. ,a)es.
eart/ 2ua&es4- Draina(e %+ ,ater s/all be ensure*- P%tential i'in( s/all be '%nsi*ere* an* appr%priate '%unter-
a'ti)e measures ta&en ,/ere +%un* ne'essary-
4*8 Transp%rtati%n an* li+tin( %+ pipe G%ints s/all be '%n*u'te* sa+ely t% a)%i* *ama(e t% pers%nnel.
e2uipment an* pipe G%ints- T/e e2uipment use* +%r transp%rtati%n an* li+tin( s/all n%t imp%se *ama(e t% t/e
pipe G%ints-
4*4 A''eptable sta'&in( /ei(/ts s/all be establis/e* an* *%'umente* +%r temp%rary st%ra(e an*
transp%rtati%n-
F #** Ma%erial recei(%= i"en%i+ica%i!n an" %rac0ing
#*) All material s/all be inspe'te* +%r *ama(e up%n arri)al- 5uantities an* i*enti+i'ati%n %+ t/e material s/all
be )eri+ie*- Dama(e* items s/all be 'learly mar&e*. se(re(ate* an* *isp%se* %+ pr%perly-
#*4 A system +%r ensurin( '%rre't tra'eability t% t/e material s/all be establis/e*- T/e i*enti+i'ati%n %+
material s/all be preser)e* *urin( /an*lin(. st%ra(e an* +%r all +abri'ati%n a'ti)ities-
#*8 A pipe tra'&in( system s/all be use* t% maintain re'%r*s %+ ,el* numbers. NDT re'%r*s. pipe numbers.
pipe len(t/s. ben*s. 'umulati)e len(t/. ,ei(/t. an%*e installati%n. in-line assemblies an* repair numbers- T/e
system s/all be 'apable %+ *ete'tin( *upli'ate re'%r*s-
#*4 Pipes s/all be inspe'te* +%r l%%se material. *ebris. an* %t/er '%ntaminati%n. an* s/all be 'leane* b%t/
internally an* at t/e pipe en*s be+%re bein( a**e* t% t/e assembly- T/e 'leanin( met/%* s/all n%t 'ause *ama(e
t% any internal '%atin(-
#*# T/e pipeline en*s s/all be pr%te'te* a(ainst in(ress %+ *ust. ,ater %r any %t/er material a+ter 'leanin(
an* pri%r t% bein( a**e* t% t/e assembly-
#*5 All *ebris 'ause* by t/e ,el*in( s/all be rem%)e* +r%m t/e insi*e %+ t/e pipeline-
#*& T/e in*i)i*ual pipes %+ pipe strin(s s/all be mar&e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e establis/e* pipe tra'&in(
system usin( a suitable marine paint- T/e l%'ati%n. siJe an* '%l%ur %+ t/e mar&in( s/all be suitable +%r rea*in(
by ROV *urin( installati%n- In 'ase installati%n %+ in-line assemblies %r pi((y ba'& 'ables. it may be re2uire*
t% mar& a ban* %n t%p %+ t/e pipe strin( t% )eri+y i+ any r%tati%n /as %''urre*-
F 5** H7"r!s%a%ic %es%ing
5*) Hy*r%stati' testin( s/all '%mply ,it/ Se'-= !"01 an* per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 3100-
F &** Wel"ing an" NDT
&*) Re2uirements +%r ,el*in( pr%'esses. ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n. e:e'uti%n %+ ,el*in( an* ,el*in(
pers%nnel are (i)en in Appen*i: -
&*4 Re2uirements +%r me'/ani'al an* '%rr%si%n testin( +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures are (i)en in
Appen*i: !-
&*8 Re2uirements +%r met/%*s. e2uipment. pr%'e*ures. a''eptan'e 'riteria an* t/e 2uali+i'ati%n an*
'erti+i'ati%n %+ pers%nnel +%r )isual e:aminati%n an* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( CNDT4 are (i)en in Appen*i: D-
Sele'ti%n %+ n%n-*estru'ti)e met/%*s s/all '%nsi*er t/e re2uirements in Appen*i: D. A;00-
&*4 Re2uirements t% aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( CA8T4 are (i)en in Appen*i: E-
&*# 6embers t% be ,el*e* s/all be br%u(/t int% '%rre't ali(nment an* /el* in p%siti%n by 'lamps. %t/er
suitable *e)i'es. %r ta'& ,el*s. until ,el*in( /as pr%(resse* t% a sta(e ,/ere t/e /%l*in( *e)i'es %r ta'& ,el*s
'an be rem%)e* ,it/%ut *an(er %+ *ist%rti%n. s/rin&a(e %r 'ra'&in(- Suitable all%,an'es s/all be ma*e +%r
*ist%rti%n an* s/rin&a(e ,/ere appr%priate-
&*5 T/e +abri'ati%n an* ,el*in( se2uen'e s/all be su'/ t/at t/e am%unt %+ s/rin&a(e. *ist%rti%n an* resi*ual
stress is minimise*-
&*& F%r pr%*u'ti%n testin(. see App-. 3="> t% =#"-
&*2 T/e e:tent %+ NDT +%r installati%n (irt/ ,el*s s/all be 100L ultras%ni' %r ra*i%(rap/i' testin(-
Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( s/%ul* be supplemente* ,it/ ultras%ni' testin( in %r*er t% en/an'e t/e pr%bability %+
*ete'ti%n an*I%r '/ara'terisati%nIsiJin( %+ *e+e'ts-
&*: All ,el*s s/all be subGe't t% 100L )isual inspe'ti%n-
&)* F%r ,all t/i'&ness _ "= mm. aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( s/%ul* be use*-
&)) 8ltras%ni' testin( C8T4 %r aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( CA8T4 s/all be use* in t/e +%ll%,in( 'ases0
1 ,/ene)er siJin( %+ +la, /ei(/t an*I%r *eterminati%n %+ t/e +la, *ept/ is re2uire* Cre+- Se'-= DH0"4-
1 100L laminati%n '/e'&s %+ a =0 mm ,i*e ban* at en*s %+ 'ut pipe-
&)4 @/en ra*i%(rap/i' testin( is t/e primary NDT met/%* 8T %r A8T s/all be use* in t/e +%ll%,in( 'ases0
1 F%r t/e +irst 10 ,el*s +%r ,el*in( pr%'esses ,it/ /i(/ p%tential +%r n%n-+usi%n type *e+e'ts. ,/en startin(
installati%n %r ,/en resumin( pr%*u'ti%n a+ter suspensi%n %+ ,el*in(
1 t% supplement ra*i%(rap/i' testin( +%r un+a)%urable (r%%)e '%n+i(urati%ns
1 +%r ,all t/i'&ness ab%)e "= mm0
1 t% pr%)i*e a**iti%nal ran*%m l%'al sp%t '/e'&s *urin( installati%n
1 t% supplement ra*i%(rap/i' testin( t% ai* in '/ara'terisin( an* siJin( %+ ambi(u%us in*i'ati%ns-
&)8 I+ 8T re)eals *e+e'ts n%t *is'%)ere* by ra*i%(rap/y. t/e e:tent %+ 8T s/all be 100L +%r t/e ne:t 10
,el*s- I+ t/e results %+ t/is e:ten*e* testin( are unsatis+a't%ry. t/e ,el*in( s/all be suspen*e* until t/e 'auses
%+ t/e *e+e'ts /a)e been establis/e* an* re'ti+ie*-
&)4 F%r ,el*s ,/ere all%,able *e+e't siJes are base* %n an EA. 8T s/all supplement ra*i%(rap/i' testin(.
unless A8T is per+%rme*-
&)# All NDT s/all be per+%rme* a+ter '%mpleti%n %+ all '%l* +%rmin( an* /eat treatment-
F 2** C'%%ing= +!r$ing an" hea% %rea%$en%
2*) Attenti%n s/all be pai* t% l%'al e++e'ts %n material pr%perties an* any a'ti)ities 'ausin( 'arb%n
'%ntaminati%n ,/ere t/is is rele)ant- Pre/eatin( %+ t/e area t% be 'ut may be re2uire*- arb%n '%ntaminati%n
s/all be rem%)e* by (rin*in( %++ t/e a++e'te* material-
F%rmin( %+ material s/all be a''%r*in( t% a(ree* pr%'e*ures-
F :** Deri+ica%i!n !+ "i$ensi!ns an" 1eigh%
:*) Veri+i'ati%n %+ *imensi%ns s/%ul* be per+%rme* in %r*er t% establis/ '%n+%rman'e ,it/ t/e re2uire*
*imensi%ns an* t%leran'es-
:*4 Veri+i'ati%n %+ *imensi%ns )eri+i'ati%n %+ pipe strin(s +%r t%,in( an* sp%%ls s/all in'lu*e ,ei(/t. an*
t/e *istributi%n %+ ,ei(/t an* bu%yan'y-
F )*** C!rr!si!n (r!%ec%i!n an" %her$al ins'la%i!n
)**) Appli'ati%n %+ '%atin(s an* installati%n %+ an%*es s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ Se'-H-
)**4 A''eptable temperature ran(es +%r sp%%lin( %perati%ns s/all be *e+ine*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
8n*esire* e)ents su'/ as 'ra'&in( %+ +iel* G%ints may %''ur +%r l%, temperatures-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G. H7"r!s%a%ic Tes%ing
G )** H7"r!s%a%ic %es%ing
)*) Pri%r t% per+%rmin( /y*r%stati' testin( t/e test %bGe't s/all be 'leane* an* (au(e*-
)*4 T/e e:tent %+ t/e se'ti%n t% be teste* s/all be s/%,n %n *ra,in(s %r s&et'/es- T/e limits %+ t/e test.
temp%rary blin* +lan(es. en* 'l%sures an* t/e l%'ati%n an* ele)ati%n %+ test instruments an* e2uipment s/all be
s/%,n- T/e ele)ati%n %+ t/e test instruments s/all ser)e as a re+eren'e +%r t/e test pressure-
)*8 En* 'l%sures an* %t/er temp%rary testin( e2uipment s/all be *esi(ne*. +abri'ate*. an* teste* t% ,it/stan*
t/e ma:imum test pressure. an* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a re'%(nise* '%*e-
)*4 Testin( s/%ul* n%t be per+%rme* a(ainst in-line )al)es. unless p%ssible lea&a(e an* *ama(e t% t/e )al)e
is '%nsi*ere*. an* t/e )al)e is *esi(ne* an* teste* +%r t/e pressure test '%n*iti%n- !l%'&in( %++ %r rem%)al %+
small-b%re bran'/es an* instrument tappin(s s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere* in %r*er t% a)%i* p%ssible '%ntaminati%n-
%nsi*erati%ns s/all be (i)en t% pre-+illin( )al)e b%*y 'a)ities ,it/ an inert li2ui* unless t/e )al)es /a)e
pr%)isi%ns +%r pressure e2ualisati%n a'r%ss t/e )al)e seats-
)*# @el*s s/all n%t be '%ate*. painte* %r '%)ere*. i+ t/e purp%se %+ t/e test is 100L )isual inspe'ti%n-
H%,e)er. t/in primer '%atin(s may be use* ,/ere a(ree*-
)*5 @el*s may be '%ate* %r painte* i+ t/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is base* %n pressure %bser)ati%ns-
)*& Instruments an* test e2uipment use* +%r measurement %+ pressure. )%lume. an* temperature s/all be
'alibrate* +%r a''ura'y. repeatability. an* sensiti)ity- All instruments an* test e2uipment s/all p%ssess )ali*
'alibrati%n 'erti+i'ates ,it/ tra'eability t% re+eren'e stan*ar*s ,it/in t/e > m%nt/s pre'e*in( t/e test- I+ t/e
instruments an* test e2uipment /a)e been in +re2uent use. t/ey s/%ul* be 'alibrate* spe'i+i'ally +%r t/e test-
)*2 3au(es an* re'%r*ers s/all be '/e'&e* +%r '%rre't +un'ti%n imme*iately be+%re ea'/ test- All test
e2uipment s/all be l%'ate* in a sa+e p%siti%n %utsi*e t/e test b%un*ary area-
)*: T/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements apply +%r instruments an* test e2uipment0
1 testers s/all /a)e a ran(e %+ minimum 1-"= times t/e spe'i+ie* test pressure. ,it/ an a''ura'y better t/an
[ 0-1 bar an* a sensiti)ity better t/an 0-0= bar-
1 temperature-measurin( instruments an* re'%r*ers s/all /a)e an a''ura'y better t/an [ 1-0
]
1 pressure an* temperature re'%r*ers are t% be use* t% pr%)i*e a (rap/i'al re'%r* %+ t/e pressure test +%r t/e
t%tal *urati%n %+ t/e test-
))* T/e test me*ium s/%ul* be +res/ ,ater %r a*e2uately treate* sea ,ater. as appli'able-
Fillin( pr%'e*ure s/all ensure minimum air p%'&ets-
))) Pressurisati%n s/all be per+%rme* as a '%ntr%lle* %perati%n ,it/ '%nsi*erati%n +%r ma:imum all%,able
)el%'ities in t/e inlet pipin( up t% H=L %+ t/e test pressure- T/e +inal =L up t% t/e test pressure s/all be raise*
at a re*u'e* rate t% ensure t/at t/e test pressure is n%t e:'ee*e*- Time s/all be all%,e* +%r '%n+irmati%n %+
temperature an* pressure stabilisati%n be+%re t/e test /%l* peri%* be(ins-
))4 T/e test pressure s/all be a''%r*in( t% t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirement-
))8 @/en t/e test a''eptan'e is base* %n %bser)ati%n %+ pressure )ariati%ns. 'al'ulati%ns s/%,in( t/e e++e't
%+ temperature '/an(es %n t/e test pressure s/all be *e)el%pe* pri%r t% startin( t/e test- Temperature measurin(
*e)i'es. i+ use*. s/all be p%siti%ne* 'l%se t% t/e test %bGe't an* t/e *istan'e bet,een t/e *e)i'es s/all be base*
%n temperature (ra*ients al%n( t/e test %bGe't-
))4 F%r /y*r%stati' testin( %+ sin(le '%mp%nents. e-(- ben*s. tees t/e +%ll%,in( pressure /%l*in( times apply0
1 ,/en t/e test a''eptan'e is base* %n 100L )isual inspe'ti%n. t/e /%l*in( time at test pressure s/all be until
100L )isual inspe'ti%n is '%mplete %r " /%urs. ,/i'/e)er is l%n(er-
1 ,/en t/e test a''eptan'e is base* %n pressure %bser)ati%n. t/e /%l*in( time at test pressure s/all n%t be less
t/an " /%urs-
F%r /y*r%stati' testin( %+ assemblies. e-(- pipe strin(s. stal&s t/e +%ll%,in( pressure /%l*in( times apply0
1 ,/en t/e test a''eptan'e is base* %n 100L )isual inspe'ti%n. t/e /%l*in( time at test pressure s/all be until
100L )isual inspe'ti%n is '%mplete %r " /%urs. ,/i'/e)er is l%n(er-
1 ,/en t/e test a''eptan'e is base* %n pressure %bser)ati%n. t/e /%l*in( time at test pressure s/all n%t be less
t/an F /%urs- Ot/er /%l*in( times may be applie* subGe't t% a(reement. e-(- subGe't t% )%lumes t% be teste*-
))# T/e pressure test is a''eptable +%r0
1 100L )isual inspe'ti%n ,/en t/ere are n% %bser)e* lea&s Ce-(- at ,el*s. +lan(es. me'/ani'al '%nne't%rs4
an* t/e pressure /as at n% time *urin( t/e /%l* peri%* +allen bel%, HHL %+ t/e test pressure- 100L )isual
inspe'ti%n s/all %nly be a''eptable ,/ere t/ere is n% ris& t/at a lea& may (% un*ete'te* *ue t% pre)ailin(
en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns
1 100L pressure %bser)ati%n ,/en t/e pressure /as at n% time *urin( t/e /%l* peri%* +allen bel%, HHL %+
t/e test pressure an* t/e test pressure pr%+ile %)er t/e test /%l* peri%* is '%nsistent ,it/ t/e pre*i'te*
pressure pr%+ile ta&in( int% a''%unt )ariati%ns in temperatures an* %t/er en)ir%nmental '/an(es-
))5 D%'umentati%n pr%*u'e* in '%nne'ti%n ,it/ t/e pressure testin( s/all. ,/ere rele)ant. in'lu*e0
1 test *ra,in(s %r s&et'/es
1 pressure an* temperature re'%r*er '/arts
1 l%( %+ pressure an* temperatures
1 'alibrati%n 'erti+i'ates +%r instruments an* test e2uipment
1 'al'ulati%n %+ pressure an* temperature relati%ns/ip an* Gusti+i'ati%n +%r a''eptan'e-
G 4** Al%erna%i-e %es% (ress'res
4*) F%r '%mp%nents +itte* ,it/ pup pie'es %+ material i*enti'al t% t/e a*G%inin( pipeline. t/e test pressure
'an be re*u'e* t% a pressure t/at pr%*u'e an e2ui)alent stress %+ H>L %+ S6RS in t/e pup pie'e-
4*4 I+ t/e alternati)e test pressure in 3"01 'ann%t be use* an* t/e stren(t/ %+ t/e pup pie'e is n%t su++i'ient0
1 Testin( s/all be per+%rme* pri%r t% ,el*in( %+ pup pie'es- T/e ,el* bet,een '%mp%nent an* pup pie'e is
re(ar*e* a pipeline ,el* an* ,ill be teste* *urin( pipeline system testin(-
H. D!c'$en%a%i!n= Rec!r"s= Cer%i+ica%i!n an" Mar0ing
H )** General
)*) All base material. +ittin(s an*. +lan(es. et'- s/all be *eli)ere* ,it/ Inspe'ti%n erti+i'ate #-1 a''%r*in(
t% Eur%pean Stan*ar* EN 10"0; %r a''epte* e2ui)alent-
T/e inspe'ti%n 'erti+i'ate s/all in'lu*e0
1 i*enti+i'ati%n t/e pr%*u'ts '%)ere* by t/e 'erti+i'ate ,it/ re+eren'e t% /eat number. /eat treatment bat'/ et'-
1 *imensi%ns an* ,ei(/ts %+ pr%*u'ts
1 t/e results C%r re+eren'e t% t/e results4 %+ all spe'i+ie* inspe'ti%ns an* tests
1 t/e supply '%n*iti%n an* t/e temperature %+ t/e +inal /eat treatment-
)*4 Re'%r*s +r%m t/e 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e 6PS an* %t/er *%'umentati%n s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-1"-
)*8 Ea'/ e2uipment %r '%mp%nent item s/all be a*e2uately an* uni2uely mar&e* +%r i*enti+i'ati%n- T/e
mar&in( s/all. as a minimum. pr%)i*e '%rrelati%n %+ t/e pr%*u't ,it/ t/e relate* inspe'ti%n *%'umentati%n-
)*4 T/e mar&in( s/all be su'/ t/at it easily ,ill be i*enti+ie*. an* retaine* *urin( t/e subse2uent a'ti)ities-
)*# Ot/er mar&in(s re2uire* +%r i*enti+i'ati%n may be re2uire*-
)*5 E2uipment an* '%mp%nents s/all be a*e2uately pr%te'te* +r%m /arm+ul *eteri%rati%n +r%m t/e time %+
manu+a'ture until ta&en int% use-
!ec.6 (onstruction " (orrosion 0rotection and 9eight (oating - 0age $3%
SECT;ON :
CONSTRUCT;ON - CORROS;ON 9ROTECT;ON AND WE;GHT COAT;NG
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is se'ti%n (i)es re2uirements an* re'%mmen*ati%ns %n0
1 appli'ati%n Cmanu+a'ture4 %+ e:ternal pipeline '%atin(s in'lu*in( +iel* G%int '%atin(s an* in+ill
1 appli'ati%n Cmanu+a'ture4 %+ '%n'rete ,ei(/t '%atin(s
1 manu+a'ture %+ (al)ani' an%*es
1 installati%n %+ (al)ani' an%*es-
)*4 T/e %bGe'ti)es are t% ensure t/at t/e e:ternal '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l system an* any ,ei(/t '%atin( are
*esi(ne* an* +abri'ate* t% ensure pr%per +un'ti%n +%r t/e *esi(n li+e %+ t/e systems- As t% t/e last item ab%)e.
it is a +urt/er %bGe'ti)e t% ensure t/at t/e +astenin( *%es n%t imp%se any *ama(e %r /aJar*s a++e'tin( t/e
inte(rity %+ t/e pipeline system-
A 4** A((lica%i!n
4*) T/is se'ti%n is appli'able t% t/e preparati%n %+ spe'i+i'ati%ns +%r manu+a'tureIinstallati%n %+ e:ternal
'%rr%si%n '%ntr%l systems an* +%r t/e manu+a'ture %+ '%n'rete ,ei(/t '%atin( *urin( t/e '%nstru'ti%n p/ase-
Su'/ spe'i+i'ati%ns s/all *e+ine t/e re2uirements t% pr%perties %+ t/e '%atin(s an* an%*es. an* t% t/e ass%'iate*
2uality '%ntr%l-
4*4 6anu+a'tureIinstallati%n %+ any impresse* 'urrent P systems +%r lan*+alls is n%t '%)ere* by t/is
stan*ar*- T/e re2uirements in ISO 1==FH-1 s/all t/en apply-
8*) An %)erall re2uirement t% systemati' re)ie, in Se'-" s/all +%r t/is se'ti%n imply0
1 T/e sele'ti%n %+ '%atin( system an* its *etaile* *esi(n s/all ta&e int% '%nsi*erati%ns e-(- t/e pipe layin(
met/%*. pipe l%a*in( '%n*iti%ns an* pipeline %peratin( '%n*iti%ns in ser)i'e-
1 T/e sele'ti%n %+ '%atin( system an* its *etaile* *esi(n s/all ta&e int% '%nsi*erati%n '%mpatibility bet,een
linepipe '%atin( system. +iel* G%int '%atin( system. in+ill an* '%n'rete '%atin( C,/en appli'able4-
1 In t/e '%atin( pur'/ase spe'i+i'ati%n. as-applie* '%atin( pr%perties s/all be *e+ine* an* re2uirements t%
met/%*s. +re2uen'y an* a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r t/eir )eri+i'ati%n s/all be spe'i+ie*-
1 Pri%r t% start %+ '%atin( appli'ati%n. essential appli'ati%n pr%'ess parameters s/all be *e+ine* by t/e '%atin(
appli'at%r- T/e essential pr%'ess parameters s/all be pr%Ge't spe'i+i' an* s/%ul* be )eri+ie* in a Pr%'e*ure
5uali+i'ati%n Trial CP5T. see !"0" an* ;0" bel%,4 t% ensure t/at spe'i+ie* '%atin( pr%perties 'an be
+ul+ille*- 5uality '%ntr%l *urin( pr%*u'ti%n s/all )eri+y t/at t/e essential pr%'ess parameters are maintaine*
*urin( pr%*u'ti%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
E:amples %+ /%, ina*e2uate '%atin( pr%perties may result in +ailures are0
- P%%r a*/esi%n bet,een steel sur+a'e an* '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti)e '%atin( may result in partly %r '%mpletely
*eta'/ment %+ '%atin( *urin( st%ra(e %r %perati%n-
- Insu++i'ient b%n*in( t% steel substrateIbet,een '%atin( layers. in '%mbinati%n ,it/ l%, *u'tility %+ as-applie*
'%atin( may 'ause 'ra'&in( %+ linepipe an*I%r +iel* G%intsIin+ill *urin( reelin( %+ pipelines-
- Insu++i'ient s/ear resistan'e 'apa'ity bet,een '%rr%si%n '%atin( an* '%n'rete '%atin( may result in a sa+ety ris&
*urin( installati%n *ue t% su**en sli*in( %+ t/e '%n'rete '%atin( relati)e t% steel pipe. an*I%r *ama(e t% +iel* G%ints
an* an%*es *urin( %perati%n *ue t% t/ermal a:ial e:pansi%n %+ t/e steel pipe relati)e t% t/e '%n'rete '%atin(-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
3. E,%ernal C!rr!si!n 9r!%ec%i-e C!a%ings
3 )** General
)*) Pr%perties %+ t/e '%atin( Cas-applie*4 an* re2uirements t% 2uality '%ntr%l *urin( appli'ati%n s/all be
*e+ine* in a pur'/ase spe'i+i'ati%n Csee Se'-> =004-
)*4 F%r appli'ati%n %+ #-layer p%ly%le+in '%atin(s C#-layer p%lyet/yleneIp%lypr%pylene4. sin(le layer +usi%n-
b%n*e* ep%:y '%atin(s an* +iel* G%int '%atin(s. re2uirements in ISO "1F0H Cpart 1-#4 s/all apply ,it/ t/e
a**iti%nal re2uirements as spe'i+ie* bel%, in Se'ti%n !-
)*8 Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r appli'ati%n %+ linepipe '%atin(s an* +iel* G%int '%atin( are (i)en in DNV-RP-
!ec.6 (onstruction " (orrosion 0rotection and 9eight (oating - 0age $3$
F10> an* DNV-RP-F10". respe'ti)ely-
G'i"ance n!%eF
DNV-RP-F10> an* DNV-RP-F10" /a)e emp/asis %n 2uality '%ntr%l pr%'e*ures an* *%'umentati%n- T/ey '%mply
,it/ an* re+er t% ISO "1F0H ,it/ s%me a**iti%nal re2uirements +%r rele)ant '%atin( systems Cin'lu*in( s%me
a**iti%nal systems t% t/%se *e+ine* in ISO "1F0H4- DNV-RP-F10" als% '%)ers +iel* repairs %+ linepipe '%atin( an*
in+ill. see Se'-> D;00- T/ese *%'uments are appli'able t% t/e preparati%n %+ '%atin( spe'i+i'ati%ns an* 'an als% be
use* as a pur'/ase *%'ument i+ amen*e* t% in'lu*e pr%Ge't an* any %perat%r spe'i+i' re2uirements-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*4 T/e *esi(n an* 2uality '%ntr%l *urin( appli'ati%n %+ +iel* G%int '%atin(s is essential t% t/e inte(rity %+
pipelines in HIS sus'eptible materials. in'lu*in( +erriti'-austeniti' C*uple:4 an* martensiti' stainless steel-
Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r *esi(n an* 2uality '%ntr%l *urin( appli'ati%n %+ +iel* G%int '%atin(s is (i)en in
DNV-RP-F10"-
3 4** C!a%ing $a%erials= s'r+ace (re(ara%i!n= c!a%ing a((lica%i!n an" ins(ec%i!nH%es%ing !+ c!a%ing
4*) All '%atin( ,%r& s/all be 'arrie* %ut a''%r*in( t% a pr%Ge't spe'i+i' SAppli'ati%n Pr%'e*ure
Spe'i+i'ati%nT CAPS. als% re+erre* t% as S6anu+a'turin( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%nT. 6PS4- T/e +%ll%,in( items
s/all be *es'ribe* in t/e pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n0
1 re'eipt. /an*lin( an* st%ra(e %+ '%atin( materials
1 sur+a'e preparati%n an* inspe'ti%n
1 '%atin( appli'ati%n an* m%nit%rin( %+ essential pr%'ess parameters
1 inspe'ti%n an* testin( %+ '%atin(
1 '%atin( repairs an* strippin( %+ *e+e't '%atin(
1 preparati%n %+ 'ut-ba'&s C+%r linepipe '%atin(4
1 mar&in(. tra'eability an* /an*lin( %+ n%n-'%n+%rmities
1 /an*lin( an* st%ra(e %+ '%ate* pipes C+%r linepipe '%atin(4
1 *%'umentati%n-
6aterial *ata s/eets +%r '%atin(. blastin( an* any %t/er sur+a'e preparati%n materials may eit/er be in'lu*e* in
t/e APS %r in a separate *%'ument- T/e pur'/aser may spe'i+y t/at t/e ab%)e *%'umentati%n s/all be submitte*
+%r appr%)al pri%r t% t/e start %+ pr%*u'ti%n an* any P5T Csee !"0"4-
4*4 A '%atin( Pr%'e*ure 5uali+i'ati%n Trial CP5TO als% re+erre* t% as an Sappli'ati%n pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n
testT %r Spre-pr%*u'ti%n 2uali+i'ati%n testT4 s/%ul* be e:e'ute* an* a''epte* by Pur'/aser be+%re startin( t/e
'%atin( ,%r&. espe'ially +%r '%atin( systems ,/i'/ rely %n a 'urin( pr%'ess t% a'/ie)e t/e spe'i+ie* pr%perties-
F%r Fiel* 7%int %atin( CF74 an* in+ill. a Pre-Pr%*u'ti%n Trial CPPT4 s/%ul* als% be per+%rme*- T/e purp%se
%+ t/e 2uali+i'ati%n is t% '%n+irm. pri%r t% t/e start %+ re(ular pr%*u'ti%n. t/at t/e '%atin( Appli'ati%n Pr%'e*ure
Spe'i+i'ati%n CAPS4. '%atin( materials. t%%lsIe2uipment an* pers%nnel t% be use* +%r pr%*u'ti%n are a*e2uate
t% a'/ie)e t/e spe'i+ie* pr%perties %+ t/e '%atin(-
4*8 An Inspe'ti%n an* Testin( Plan CITPO s%metimes re+erre* t% as an Sinspe'ti%n planT %r S2uality planT4
s/all be prepare* an* submitte* t% Pur'/aser +%r a''eptan'e- T/e ITP s/all re+er t% t/e in*i)i*ual appli'ati%n
an* inspe'ti%nItestin( a'ti)ities in '%nse'uti)e %r*er. *e+ine met/%*sIstan*ar*s. +re2uen'y %+ inspe'ti%nI
testin(. '/e'&in(I'alibrati%ns. an* a''eptan'e 'riteria- Re+eren'e s/all +urt/er be ma*e t% appli'able rep%rtin(
*%'uments an* pr%'e*ures +%r inspe'ti%n. testin( an* 'alibrati%ns-
4*4 Inspe'ti%n an* testin( *ata. essential pr%'ess parameters. repairs an* '/e'&in(I'alibrati%ns %+ e2uipment
+%r 2uality '%ntr%l s/all be re'%r*e* in a S*aily l%(T t/at s/all be up*ate* %n a *aily basis an* be a)ailable t%
Pur'/aser %n re2uest at any time *urin( '%atin( pr%*u'ti%n-
4*# T/e *aily l%( +%rmat an* +inal *%'umentati%n in*e: s/%ul* be prepare* +%r a''eptan'e by Pur'/aser pri%r
t% start %+ pr%*u'ti%n-
C. C!ncre%e Weigh% C!a%ing
C )** General
)*) T/e %bGe'ti)es %+ a '%n'rete ,ei(/t '%atin( are t% pr%)i*e ne(ati)e bu%yan'y t% t/e pipeline. an* t%
pr%)i*e me'/ani'al pr%te'ti%n %+ t/e '%rr%si%n '%atin( an* linepipe *urin( installati%n an* t/r%u(/%ut t/e
pipelineAs %perati%nal li+e-
)*4 T/e '%n'rete ,ei(/t '%atin( Ct/i'&ness. stren(t/. *ensity. am%unt %+ rein+%r'ement4 s/all be *esi(ne*
+%r t/e spe'i+i' pr%Ge'tO i-e- t/e a'tual installati%n. layin( an* %perati%n '%n*iti%ns +%r t/e pipeline s/all t/en be
ta&en int% '%nsi*erati%n-
)*8 F%r materials an* appli'ati%n %+ '%n'rete ,ei(/t '%atin( re2uirements in ISO "1F0H-= s/all apply ,it/
t/e a**iti%nal an* m%*i+ie* re2uirements as spe'i+ie* bel%, in Se'ti%n -
!ec.6 (onstruction " (orrosion 0rotection and 9eight (oating - 0age $3&
)dditional or modified re*uirements
)*4 Para(rap/s '%ntainin( a**iti%nal re2uirements t% ISO "1F0H-= are mar&e* at t/e en* %+ t/e rele)ant
para(rap/ ,it/ AR-
Para(rap/s '%ntainin( re2uirements t/at are m%*i+ie* '%mpare* t% ISO "1F0H-= are mar&e* at t/e en* %+ t/e
rele)ant para(rap/ ,it/ 6R-
C 4** Ma%erials
4*) ement s/all be m%*erate sulp/ate resistant P%rtlan* 'ement e2ui)alent t% Type II a''%r*in( t% AST6
1=0- 6R
4*4 T/e tri'al'ium aluminate C#A4 '%ntent %+ t/e 'ement s/all n%t e:'ee* FL- 6R
4*8 T/e per'enta(e %+ t/e re'y'le* '%n'rete use* as a((re(ate s/all n%t e:'ee* <L by ,ei(/t- 6R
4*4 T/e re'laime* '%n'rete '%ntent in t/e '%n'rete mi: s/%ul* n%t e:'ee* 10L by ,ei(/t- 8se %+ /i(/er
am%unts s/all be )eri+ie* by testin( '%n+irmin( t/at t/e re2uire* '%n'rete '%atin( pr%perties 'an be a'/ie)e*-
AR
C 8** C!ncre%e $i,
8*) T/e '%ntent %+ '/l%ri*e in t/e '%n'rete mi:. 'al'ulate* as +ree al
"
s/all n%t e:'ee* 0-;L %+ t/e ,ei(/t
%+ t/e 'ement- AR
C 4** C!a%ing a((lica%i!n
4*) All '%atin( ,%r& s/all be 'arrie* %ut a''%r*in( t% an Appli'ati%n Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%n CAPS4. AR-
T/e +%ll%,in( items s/all be *es'ribe* in t/e APS0
1 ra, materials. in'lu*in( re'eipt. /an*lin( an* st%ra(e
1 '%n'rete mi: *esi(n
1 rein+%r'ement per'enta(e an* pla'ement
1 '%atin( appli'ati%n an* 'urin(
1 inspe'ti%n an* testin(. in'lu*in( 'alibrati%ns %+ e2uipment
1 '%atin( repairs
1 pipe tra'&in(. mar&in( an* '%atin( *%'umentati%n
1 /an*lin( an* st%ra(e %+ '%ate* pipes-
Pur'/aser may spe'i+y t/at t/e APS s/all be subGe't t% appr%)al pri%r t% start %+ pr%*u'ti%n an* any P5T- AR
4*4 A '%atin( Pr%'e*ure 5uali+i'ati%n Trial CP5TO in ISO "1F0H-= re+erre* t% as S2uali+i'ati%n testT4 s/all
be e:e'ute* an* a''epte* by Pur'/aser be+%re startin( t/e '%atin( ,%r&-
4*8 /an(es in type %+ linepipe '%atin( an*I%r appli'at%r an*I%r '/an(es in '%n'rete '%nstituent materials
an*I%r '%n'rete mi: s/all re2uire a ne, P5T- AR
4*4 Repair met/%*s s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e P5T- AR
4*# T/e +%ll%,in( inspe'ti%ns an* tests s/all als% be 'arrie* %ut *urin( P5T- AR0
1 Testin( a((re(ates a''%r*in( t% AST6 ## %r e2ui)alent
1 Determinin( ,ater '%ntent in t/e '%n'rete mi:
1 Determinin( 'ement '%ntent in t/e '%n'rete mi: an* ,aterI'ement rati%
1 Inspe'ti%n %+ linepipe '%atin( C/%li*ay *ete'ti%n4
1 alibrati%nI)eri+i'ati%n %+ all measurin( an* ,ei(/tin( e2uipment
G'i"ance n!%eF
Pur'/aser may '%nsi*er per+%rmin( a +ull s'ale ,ater abs%rpti%n test. s/ear resistan'e test an*I%r impa't resistan'e
test as an inte(ral part %+ P5T- Als%. Pur'/aser may '%nsi*er a re2uirement %n pr%*u'ti%n %+ se)eral pipes t%
*em%nstrate t/e appli'at%r 'apability %+ '%ntinu%us pr%*u'ti%n %+ '%n+%rmin( pipes-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*5 T/e +%ll%,in( m%*i+i'ati%n %+ a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r inspe'ti%ns an* tests *urin( P5T s/all apply- 6R0
1 T/e t/i'&ness %+ t/e '%n'rete '%atin( s/all n%t be less t/an ;0 mm
1 T/e minimum in-situ '%mpressi)e stren(t/ %+ t/e '%n'rete '%atin( s/all n%t be less t/an ;0 6Pa- T/e mean
stren(t/ s/all be 'al'ulate* +r%m '%mpressi)e test results %+ t/ree *rille* '%res %btaine* +r%m %ne pipe. ,it/
n% sin(le test results less t/an #; 6Pa-
4*& T/e '%n'rete '%atin( s/all be rein+%r'e* by steel bars ,el*e* t% 'a(es %r by ,ire mes/ steel- T/e
minimum per'enta(e %+ t/e steel rein+%r'ement s/all be 0-=L 'ir'um+erentially an* 0-0FL l%n(itu*inally %+
t/e 'r%ss-se'ti%nal area %+ t/e '%n'rete '%atin(- 6R
4*2 T/e minimum *iameter %+ 'ir'um+erential 'a(e rein+%r'ement s/all be = mm- 6R
!ec.6 (onstruction " (orrosion 0rotection and 9eight (oating - 0age $3'
4*: T/e ma:imum spa'in( bet,een 'ir'um+erential an* l%n(itu*inal 'a(e rein+%r'ement s/all be 1"= mm
an* "=0 mm. respe'ti)ely- AR
4)* T/e minimum *iameter %+ ,ire mes/ rein+%r'ement s/all be " mm- 6R
4)) T/e minimum %)erlap %+ ,ire mes/ rein+%r'ement s/all be 1-= : *istan'e bet,een t/e ,ires %r "= mm
C,/i'/e)er is (reater4- AR
4)4 6inimum '%n'rete '%)er t% t/e rein+%r'ement s/all be 1= mm +%r '%n'rete t/i'&ness less %r e2ual t% =0
mm an* minimum "0 mm +%r '%n'rete t/i'&ness (reater t/an =0 mm- 6R
4)8 T/e t/i'&ness %+ t/e '%n'rete '%atin( s/all n%t be less t/an ;0 mm- 6R
C #** ;ns(ec%i!n an" %es%ing
#*) An Inspe'ti%n an* Testin( Plan CITP4 s/all be prepare* an* submitte* t% Pur'/aser +%r a''eptan'e in *ue
time pri%r t% start %+ pr%*u'ti%n- T/e ITP s/all *e+ine t/e met/%*s an* +re2uen'y %+ inspe'ti%n. testin( an*
'alibrati%ns. a''eptan'e 'riteria an* re2uirements t% *%'umentati%n- Re+eren'e s/all +urt/er be ma*e t%
appli'able rep%rtin( *%'uments an* pr%'e*ures +%r inspe'ti%n. testin( an* 'alibrati%n- AR
#*4 Ot/er stan*ar*s +%r testin( t/an t/%se spe'i+ie* in DNV-OS-F101 may be use*. pr%)i*e* t/at it is
*%'umente* *urin( P5T t/at t/e 2uality %+ materials an* applie* '%n'rete ,ei(/t '%atin( ,ill n%t be l%,er
t/an ,/en testin( a''%r*in( t% t/e stan*ar*s spe'i+ie* in t/is rule- AR
#*8 T/e *imensi%ns %+ 'ube an* 'ylin*er spe'imens C'ast +r%m +res/ '%n'rete4 +%r testin( t/e '%n'rete
'%mpressi)e stren(t/ s/all be 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 'ubes %r 100 mm 100 mm 'ylin*ers- AR
#*4 F%r /ar*ene* '%n'rete *rill '%res spe'imens. t/e *iameter %+ t/e 'ylin*er s/all n%t be less t/an #F mm
an* t/e preparati%n s/all be a''%r*in( t% AST6 #1 %r EN 1"#H0-"- AR
#*# T/e +%ll%,in( inspe'ti%ns an* tests s/all als% be 'arrie* %ut *urin( pr%*u'ti%n- AR0
1 inspe'ti%n %+ linepipe '%atin( C/%li*ay *ete'ti%n4 be+%re '%n'rete '%atin( appli'ati%n
1 'alibrati%n %+ all measurin( an* ,ei(/in( e2uipment
1 '%ntent %+ re'y'le* an* re'laime* materials in t/e '%n'rete mi:
1 s%un*in( test-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Pur'/aser may '%nsi*er per+%rmin( a +ull s'ale ,ater abs%rpti%n test as part %+ pr%*u'ti%n testin(-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*5 T/e +%ll%,in( m%*i+i'ati%n %+ a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r inspe'ti%nsItests *urin( pr%*u'ti%n s/all apply-
6R0
1 %oncrete coating thic.ness: minimum > measurements %n ea'/ pipe-
#*& Inspe'ti%n an* testin( *ata. repairs. essential pr%'ess parameters an* 'alibrati%ns %+ e2uipment +%r
2uality '%ntr%l s/all be re'%r*e* in a S*aily l%(T t/at s/all be up*ate* %n a *aily basis an* be a)ailable t% t/e
pur'/aser %n re2uest at any time *urin( '%atin( pr%*u'ti%n- AR
#*2 T/e *aily l%( +%rmat an* +inal *%'umentati%n in*e: s/%ul* be prepare* +%r a''eptan'e by Pur'/aser pri%r
t% start %+ pr%*u'ti%n-
D. Man'+ac%'re !+ Gal-anic An!"es
D )** An!"e $an'+ac%'re
)*) Re2uirements t% an%*e manu+a'ture s/all be *etaile* in a pur'/ase spe'i+i'ati%n CQan%*e manu+a'turin(
spe'i+i'ati%nN4- A manu+a'turin( spe'i+i'ati%n +%r pipeline bra'elet an%*es s/all '%)er all re2uirements in ISO
1==FH-"-
Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r an%*e manu+a'ture ,it/ s%me a**iti%nal re2uirements an* (ui*an'e t% ISO.
primarily +%r 2uality '%ntr%l. is (i)en in DNV-RP-F10#-
)*4 T/e manu+a'turer %+ bra'elet an%*es s/all prepare a Qmanu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%nN C6PS4
*es'ribin( an%*e all%y Ce-(- limits +%r all%yin( an* impurity elements4 an* an%*e '%re materials. an%*e '%re
preparati%ns. an%*e 'astin(. inspe'ti%n an* testin(. '%atin( %+ bra'elet an%*e sur+a'es +a'in( t/e pipe sur+a'e.
mar&in( an* /an*lin( %+ an%*es. an* *%'umentati%n-
)*8 An SInspe'ti%n an* Testin( PlanT CITP4 +%r manu+a'ture %+ bra'elet an%*es. s/all be prepare* an*
submitte* t% t/e pur'/aser +%r a''eptan'e- It is +urt/er re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e inspe'ti%n an* testin( results are
'%mpile* in a Q*aily l%(N
Re+eren'e is (i)en t% DNV-RP-F10# +%r re2uirements an* (ui*an'e +%r preparati%n %+ t/ese *%'uments an* t%
a QPr%'e*ure 5uali+i'ati%n TrialN CP5T4- F%r manu+a'ture %+ %t/er types %+ an%*es t/an pipeline bra'elet
!ec.6 (onstruction " (orrosion 0rotection and 9eight (oating - 0age $31
an%*es. re+eren'e is ma*e t% DNV-RP-!;01-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e re2uirement +%r an ITP is an amen*ment t% ISO 1==FH-"-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*4 F%r ea'/ an%*e typeIsiJe. t/e manu+a'turer s/all prepare a *etaile* *ra,in( s/%,in( l%'ati%n an*
*imensi%ns %+ an%*e inserts. an%*e (r%ss ,ei(/t an* %t/er *etails as spe'i+ie* in a pur'/ase *%'ument
)*# T/e an%*e manu+a'turer s/all prepare a *etaile* pr%'e*ure +%r ele'tr%'/emi'al testin( in '%mplian'e
,it/ t/e a(ree* stan*ar*- An %utline pr%'e*ure +%r ele'tr%'/emi'al testin( %+ an%*e material per+%rman'e
*urin( an%*e manu+a'ture is (i)en in Anne: ! %+ DNV-RP-!;01 an* in Anne: D %+ ISO 1==FH-"-
)*5 6ar&in( %+ an%*es s/all ensure tra'eability t% /eat number- An%*es s/%ul* be *eli)ere* a''%r*in( t% ISO
10;<;. Inspe'ti%n erti+i'ate #-1-! %r EN 10"0;. Inspe'ti%n erti+i'ate #-1-
E. ;ns%alla%i!n !+ Gal-anic An!"es
E )** An!"e ins%alla%i!n
)*) Installati%n %+ an%*es s/all meet t/e re2uirements in ISO 1==FH-"- Re'%mmen*e* pra'tise +%r
installati%n %+ an%*es ,it/ s%me a**iti%nal re2uirements an* (ui*elines. primarily +%r 2uality '%ntr%l. are (i)en
in DNV RP-F10#-
)*4 F%r martensiti' an* +erriti'-austeniti' C*uple:4 stainless steels an* +%r %t/er steels ,it/ S6RS _ ;=0
6Pa. n% ,el*in( +%r an%*e +astenin( Cin'lu*in( installati%n %+ *%ublin( plates4 s/%ul* be 'arrie* %ut %n
linepipe %r %t/er pressure '%ntainin( '%mp%nents-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e re2uirement ab%)e is an amen*ment t% ISO 1==FH-"- 6%st P relate* HIS *ama(e t% pipeline '%mp%nents in
RANs /a)e %''urre* at ,el*e* '%nne'ti%ns %+ (al)ani' an%*es t% t/e pipe ,alls- T% se'ure a*e2uate +astenin( %+
pipeline bra'elet an%*es +%r '%mpatibility ,it/ t/e appli'able installati%n te'/ni2ues. +%r'e* 'lampin( %+ an%*es is
appli'able in '%mbinati%n ,it/ ele'tri'al 'ables atta'/e* t% an%*es an* pipeline by braJin(- H%,e)er. +%r many
appli'ati%ns. P 'an be pr%)i*e* by an%*es atta'/e* t% %t/er stru'tures ele'tri'ally '%nne'te* t% t/e pipeline Csee
Se'-> D=004- F%r installati%n %+ an%*es %n su'/ stru'tures. re+eren'e is ma*e t% DNV-RP-!;01-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*8 All ,el*in( %r braJin( %+ an%*e +astenin( *e)i'es an* '%nne't%r 'ables s/all be 'arrie* %ut a''%r*in( t%
a 2uali+ie* pr%'e*ure Csee Appen*i: %+ t/is stan*ar*4 t% *em%nstrate t/at t/e re2uirements in ISO 1#F;< t%
ma:imum /ar*ness C,el*in(IbraJin(4 an* '%pper penetrati%n CbraJin( in'lu*in( Qalumin%t/ermi' ,el*in(N4
are met-
)*4 F%r linepipe t% be '%n'rete ,ei(/t '%ate*. ele'tri'al '%nta't bet,een '%n'rete rein+%r'ement an* t/e
an%*es s/all be pre)ente*- T/e (aps bet,een t/e an%*e /al+ s/ells may be +ille* ,it/ asp/alt masti'.
p%lyuret/ane %r similar- Any spilla(e %+ +illin( '%mp%un* %n t/e e:ternal an%*e sur+a'es s/all be rem%)e*-
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $32
SECT;ON )*
CONSTRUCT;ON OFFSHORE
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is se'ti%n pr%)i*es re2uirements as t% stu*ies. analyses an* *%'umentati%n s/all be prepare* an*
a(ree* +%r t/e %++s/%re '%nstru'ti%n. an* +urt/er t% pr%)i*e re2uirements +%r t/e installati%n an* testin( %+ t/e
'%mplete submarine pipeline system-
A 4** A((lica%i!n
4*) T/is se'ti%n is appli'able t% %++s/%re '%nstru'ti%n %+ submarine pipeline systems *esi(ne* an*
'%nstru'te* a''%r*in( t% t/is stan*ar*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Parts %+ t/is se'ti%n may als% be applie* +%r '%nstru'ti%n an* installati%n %+ +le:ible pipelines %r risers. subGe't t%
a(reement- In parti'ular may subse'ti%n E be rele)ant in su'/ 'ases-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*) T/e %)erall re2uirement t% systemati' re)ie, in Se'-" s/all be re+le'te* in t/e %++s/%re '%nstru'ti%n %+
t/e pipeline-
8*4 Systemati' analyses %+ e2uipment an* %++s/%re '%nstru'ti%n s/all be per+%rme* in %r*er t% i*enti+y
p%ssible 'riti'al items %r a'ti)ities ,/i'/ '%ul* 'ause %r a((ra)ate a /aJar*%us '%n*iti%n. an* t% ensure t/at
e++e'ti)e reme*ial measures are ta&en-
8*8 T/e e:tent %+ systemati' re)ie, s/all *epen* %n 'riti'ality %+ %perati%ns an* e:perien'e +r%m pre)i%us
similar %perati%ns-
8*4 T/e systemati' analyses s/%ul* be 'arrie* %ut as a +ailure m%*e e++e't analysis CF6EA4 +%r e2uipment
an* /aJar* an* %perability stu*ies CHAUOP4 +%r 'riti'al %perati%ns- Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r F6EA an*
HAUOP is (i)en in DNV-RP-H101- F%r HAUOP. re+eren'e is als% ma*e t% API RP 1<N-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Typi'al items t% be '%)ere* +%r HAUOP in'lu*e0
- simultane%us %perati%ns
- li+tin( %perati%ns in'lu*in( pipe G%ints transp%rtati%n an* st%ra(e
- *ry an* ,et bu'&les in'lu*in( +l%%*in( %+ pipe
- initiati%n an* lay *%,n in'lu*in( s/%re pull
- %perati%ns insi*e sa+ety J%nes
- 'riti'al %perati%ns Clayin( in s/%rt ra*ii 'ur)es. areas ,it/ steep sl%pes et'-4
- +ailure %+ e2uipment an* measurin( an* m%nit%rin( *e)i'es
- tie-in %perati%n
- pre-'%mmissi%nin( a'ti)ities
- en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns an* ,eat/er 'riteria
- emer(en'y aban*%nment
- l%ss %+ stati%n &eepin( 'apabilities
- sur)ey-
It is *esire* t% miti(ate p%tential /aJar*s by en(ineerin( measures-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*# T/e results %+ t/e F6EA analysis %r HAUOP stu*ies s/all als% be use* in *eterminin( t/e e:tent an*
*ept/ %+ )eri+i'ati%n %+ e2uipment an* pr%'e*ures-
A 4** ;ns%alla%i!n $an'al
4*) An installati%n manual s/all be prepare* by t/e %ntra't%r. see Subse'ti%n B-
A #** E'ali%7 ass'rance
#*) T/e %ntra't%r s/all as a minimum /a)e an implemente* 2uality assuran'e system meetin( t/e
re2uirements %+ ISO H001 8uality management systems P Re*uirements %r e2ui)alent- Furt/er re2uirements
+%r 2uality assuran'e are (i)en in Se'-" !=00-
#*4 T/e installati%n '%ntra't%r s/all *em%nstrate '%mplian'e ,it/ 5AI5 system-
#*8 T/e %ntra't%r s/all use '%mpetent pers%nnel at all sta(es %+ t/e pr%Ge't- Permanent te'/ni'al.
mana(erial an* plannin( pers%nnel s/all /a)e a*e2uate e*u'ati%n. trainin( an* e:perien'e '%mmensurate ,it/
t/eir *uties an* le)el %+ super)isi%n un*er ,/i'/ t/e ,%r& is per+%rme*- T/ese re2uirements s/all be part %+
t/e '%ntra't%rNs 2uality mana(ement system-
#*4 All en(ineerin( analysis an* 'al'ulati%ns re2uire* t% supp%rt installati%n pr%'e*ures s/all be per+%rme*
by te'/ni'al sta++ ,it/ t/e appr%priate e*u'ati%nal 2uali+i'ati%ns an* e:perien'e- Su'/ ,%r& s/all be *is'ipline
'/e'&e* an* appr%)e* by resp%nsible en(ineers in t/e '%ntra't%rNs %r(aniJati%n %r e:ternal '%nsultants-
#*# F%r %++s/%re pers%nnel. '%ntra't%r s/all /a)e a '%mpeten'e assuran'e pr%(ram similar t% t/e I6A
%mpeten'e Assuran'e an* Assessment +rame,%r& %r e2ui)alent. +%r all pers%nnel in)%l)e* in marine. *i)in(.
%++s/%re sur)ey. rem%te %perati%ns an* ROV ,%r&-
#*5 A master lan(ua(e +%r '%mmuni'ati%ns s/all be *e+ine*- Plat+%rms +%r ,/ere master lan(ua(e s/all be
use* s/all be *e+ine*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e purp%se %+ *e+inin( a master lan(ua(e is t% a)%i* mis'%mmuni'ati%ns an* t% ensure t/at all parties may re'ei)e
an* un*erstan* '%mmuni'ati%ns- T/e master lan(ua(e is n%rmally *e+ine* by t/e Operat%r- F%r plat+%rms ,/ere
master lan(ua(e is n%t re2uire*. %t/er lan(ua(es may be use* as appr%priate-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*& Key pers%nnel s/all /a)e su++i'ient )erbal '%mmuni'ati%n s&ills in t/e '%mm%n lan(ua(e use* *urin(
%perati%ns-
3. 9i(e asse$6lies !nsh!re
3 )** 9i(e asse$6lies !nsh!re
)*) F%r pipe assemblies %ns/%re. re+eren'e is (i)en t% Se'-F F-
)*4 F%r linepipe temp%rary st%ra(e an* transp%rtati%n. see Se'-F F;00-
C. 9i(eline R!'%e= 9re-ins%alla%i!n S'r-e7 an" 9re(ara%i!n
C )** 9re-ins%alla%i!n r!'%e s'r-e7
)*) A pre-installati%n sur)ey %+ t/e pipeline r%ute s/%ul* be per+%rme* in a**iti%n t% t/e r%ute sur)ey
re2uire* +%r *esi(n purp%ses '%)ere* by Se'-# >00 i+0
1 t/e time elapse* sin'e t/e pre)i%us sur)ey is si(ni+i'ant
1 a '/an(e in seabe* '%n*iti%ns is li&ely t% /a)e %''urre*
1 t/e r%ute is in areas ,it/ /ea)y marine a'ti)ity
1 ne, installati%ns %r +a'ilities are present in t/e area
1 seabe* preparati%n ,%r& is per+%rme* ,it/in t/e r%ute '%rri*%r a+ter pre)i%us sur)ey-
)*4 T/e pre-installati%n sur)ey s/%ul* *etermine0
1 p%tential ne,Ipre)i%usly n%t i*enti+ie* /aJar*s t% t/e pipeline an* t/e installati%n %perati%ns
1 l%'ati%n %+ ,re'&s. submarine installati%ns an* %t/er %bstru'ti%ns su'/ as mines. *ebris. r%'&s an* b%ul*ers
t/at mi(/t inter+ere ,it/. %r imp%se restri'ti%ns %n. t/e installati%n %perati%ns
1 t/at t/e present seabe* '%n*iti%ns '%n+irm t/%se %+ t/e sur)ey re2uire* in Se'-#
1 any %t/er p%tential /aJar*s *ue t% t/e nature %+ t/e su''ee*in( %perati%ns-
)*8 T/e e:tent %+. an* t/e re2uirements +%r. t/e pre-installati%n r%ute sur)ey s/all be spe'i+ie*-
C 4** Sea6e" (re(ara%i!n incl'"ing sh!re a((r!aches
4*) Seabe* preparati%n may be re2uire* t%0
1 rem%)e %bsta'les an* p%tential /aJar*s inter+erin( ,it/ t/e installati%n %perati%ns
1 pre)ent l%a*s %r l%a* e++e'ts t/at %''ur as a result %+ seabe* '%n*iti%ns %r s/%re area su'/ as unstable sl%pes.
san* ,a)es. *eep )alleys an* p%ssible er%si%n an* s'%ur +r%m e:'ee*in( t/e *esi(n 'riteria
1 prepare +%r pipeline an* 'able 'r%ssin(s
1 in+ill *epressi%ns an* rem%)e /i(/-sp%ts t% pre)ent una''eptable +ree spans
1 'arry %ut any %t/er preparati%n *ue t% t/e nature %+ t/e su''ee*in( %perati%ns
1 a)%i* *ama(e t% '%atin( an* an%*es an* %t/er atta'/ments t% t/e pipeline-
4*4 T/e e:tent %+. an* t/e re2uirements +%r. seabe* preparati%n s/all be spe'i+ie*- T/e layin( t%leran'es s/all
be '%nsi*ere* ,/en t/e e:tent %+ seabe* preparati%n is *etermine*-
4*8 @/ere tren'/ e:'a)ati%n is re2uire* be+%re pipelayin(. tren'/ s/all be e:'a)ate* t% a su++i'iently sm%%t/
pr%+ile-
C 8** E,is%ing (i(elines an" ca6les incl'"ing cr!ssings
8*) T/e l%'ati%n %+ any %t/er pipelines. 'ables %r %t/er in+rastru'ture s/all be i*enti+ie*-
8*4 Preparati%ns +%r 'r%ssin( %+ pipelines an* 'ables s/all be 'arrie* %ut a''%r*in( t% a spe'i+i'ati%n *etailin(
t/e measures a*%pte* t% a)%i* *ama(e t% b%t/ installati%ns- T/e %perati%ns s/%ul* be m%nit%re* t% '%n+irm
pr%per pla'ement an* '%n+i(urati%n %+ t/e supp%rts- Supp%rt an* pr%+ile %)er t/e e:istin( installati%n s/all be
in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e a''epte* *esi(n-
8*8 T/e spe'i+i'ati%n s/all state re2uirements '%n'ernin(0
1 minimum separati%n bet,een e:istin( installati%n an* t/e pipeline
1 '%-%r*inates %+ 'r%ssin(
1 mar&in( %+ e:istin( installati%n
1 '%n+irmati%n %+ p%siti%n an* %rientati%n %+ e:istin( installati%ns %n b%t/ si*es %+ t/e 'r%ssin(
1 lay-%ut an* pr%+ile %+ 'r%ssin(
1 *ept/ %+ '%)er
1 )essel an'/%rin(
1 installati%n %+ supp%rtin( stru'tures %r (ra)el be*s
1 met/%*s t% pre)ent s'%ur an* er%si%n ar%un* supp%rts
1 m%nit%rin( an* inspe'ti%n met/%*s
1 t%leran'e re2uirements
1 '%n*iti%n %+ lan*+all
1 any %t/er re2uirements-
D. ;ns%alla%i!n S(rea"
D )** General
)*) T/ese re2uirements are appli'able +%r )essels per+%rmin( pipeline an* riser installati%n an* supp%rtin(
%perati%ns- Spe'i+i' re2uirements +%r installati%n e2uipment %nb%ar* )essels per+%rmin( installati%n %perati%ns
are (i)en in t/e rele)ant subse'ti%ns-
)*4 T/e %r(anisati%n %+ &ey pers%nnel ,it/ *e+ine* resp%nsibilities an* lines %+ '%mmuni'ati%n s/all be
establis/e* pri%r t% start %+ t/e %perati%ns- Inter+a'es ,it/ %t/er parties s/all be *e+ine*-
)*8 All pers%nnel s/all be 2uali+ie* +%r t/eir assi(ne* ,%r&- Key pers%nnel s/all /a)e su++i'ient )erbal
'%mmuni'ati%n s&ills in t/e '%mm%n lan(ua(e use* *urin( %perati%ns-
)*4 6annin( le)el s/%ul* '%mply ,it/ I6O Res- A-10;< C"<4 - Principles of minimum safe manning- N%n-
pr%pelle* )essels s/all /a)e similar mannin( an* %r(anisati%n as re2uire* +%r pr%pelle* units %+ same type an*
siJe-
)*# Vessels an* e2uipment s/all /a)e a *%'umente* maintenan'e pr%(ramme '%)erin( all systems )ital +%r
t/e sa+ety an* %perati%nal per+%rman'e %+ t/e )essel. relate* t% t/e %perati%n t% be per+%rme*- T/e maintenan'e
pr%(ramme s/all be presente* in a maintenan'e manual %r similar *%'ument-
D 4** Dessels
4*) All )essels s/all /a)e )ali* 'lass ,it/ a re'%(nise* 'lassi+i'ati%n s%'iety- T/e )ali* 'lass s/all '%)er all
systems %+ imp%rtan'e +%r t/e sa+ety %+ t/e %perati%n- Furt/er re2uirements t% )essels s/all be (i)en in a
spe'i+i'ati%n statin( re2uirements +%r0
1 an'/%rs. an'/%r lines an* an'/%r ,in'/es
1 an'/%rin( systems
1 t/rusters in 'ase %+ t/ruster assiste* m%%rin(
1 p%siti%nin( an* sur)ey e2uipment
1 *ynami' p%siti%nin( e2uipment an* re+eren'e system
1 alarm systems. in'lu*in( rem%te alarms ,/en re2uire*
1 (eneral sea,%rt/iness %+ t/e )essel +%r t/e re(i%n
1 'ranes an* li+tin( applian'es
1 pipeline installati%n e2uipment
1 any %t/er re2uirement *ue t% t/e nature %+ t/e %perati%ns-
4*4 Status rep%rts +%r any re'%mmen*ati%ns %r re2uirements (i)en by Nati%nal Aut/%rities an*I%r
'lassi+i'ati%n s%'ieties. an* status %+ all maintenan'e '%mplete* in relati%n t% t/e maintenan'e planne* +%r a
rele)ant peri%*. s/all be a)ailable +%r re)ie,-
4*8 An inspe'ti%n %r sur)ey s/all subGe't t% a(reement be per+%rme* pri%r t% m%bilisati%n %+ t/e )essels t%
'%n+irm t/at t/e )essels an* t/eir prin'ipal e2uipment meet t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements an* are suitable +%r t/e
inten*e* ,%r&-
4*4 T/e s'ale %+ +ire +i(/tin( an* li+esa)in( applian'es %n b%ar* s/all. as a minimum. be in a''%r*an'e ,it/
t/e s'ales pres'ribe* in SOBAS '%rresp%n*in( t% t/e number %+ pers%nnel %n b%ar* t/e )essel-
D 8** 9!si%i!ning s7s%e$s
8*) T/e installati%n bar(eI)essel s/all /a)e a p%siti%nI/ea*in( &eepin( system able t% maintain a *esire*
p%siti%nI/ea*in( ,it/in t/e a''ura'y an* reliability re2uire* +%r t/e planne* %perati%n an* t/e en)ir%nmental
'%n*iti%ns- Re+eren'e is (i)en t% D;00 an* D=00 +%r m%re *etails-
8*4 T/e %perati%nIinstallati%n s/all be planne* an* e:e'ute* ,it/ use %+ p%siti%nI/ea*in( re+eren'e
systemCs4 %+ suitable type. a''ura'y an* reliability re2uire* +%r t/e %perati%nCs4 an* type %+ )esselCs4 in)%l)e*-
8*8 T/e p%siti%nin(I/ea*in( re+eren'e systems s/all be 'alibrate* an* 'apable %+ %peratin( ,it/in t/e
spe'i+ie* limits %+ a''ura'y pri%r t% start %+ t/e installati%n %perati%ns-
8*4 Installati%n in '%n(este* areas an* ,%r& re2uirin( pre'ise relati)e l%'ati%n may re2uire l%'al systems %+
(reater a''ura'y. su'/ as a'%usti' transp%n*er array systems- 8se %+ ROVNs t% m%nit%r an* assist t/e
%perati%ns is re'%mmen*e* an* s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere*-
8*# T/e p%siti%nin(I/ea*in( re+eren'e system s/all as a minimum pr%)i*e in+%rmati%n relatin( t%0
1 p%siti%n relati)e t% t/e (ri* re+eren'e system use*
1 (e%(rap/i'al p%siti%n
1 /ea*in(
1 %++sets +r%m (i)en p%siti%ns
1 )erti'al re+eren'e *atumCs4-
D 4** Anch!ring s7s%e$s= anch!r (a%%erns an" anch!r han"ling
4*) An'/%rin( systems +%r )essels &ept in p%siti%nI/ea*in( by an'/%rs C,it/ %r ,it/%ut t/ruster assistan'e4
,/ile per+%rmin( marine %perati%ns s/all meet t/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements0
1 Instruments +%r rea*in( an'/%r line tensi%n an* len(t/ %+ an'/%r lines s/all be +itte* in t/e %perati%ns
'%ntr%l r%%m %r %n t/e bri*(e. an* als% at t/e ,in'/ stati%n
1 Rem%tely %perate* ,in'/es s/all be m%nit%re* +r%m t/e '%ntr%l r%%m %r bri*(e. by means %+ 'ameras %r
e2ui)alent
1 Instrumentati%n +%r rea*in( t/ruster %utput an* a)ailable ele'tri'al p%,er +%r t/rusters s/all be a)ailable at
bri*(e an*I%r in t/e %perati%n '%ntr%l r%%m-
4*4 An'/%r /an*lin( )essels s/all be e2uippe* ,it/0
1 a sur+a'e p%siti%nin( re+eren'e system %+ su++i'ient a''ura'y- Hi(/ a''ura'y is re2uire* +%r an'/%r *r%ps
in areas ,it/ stri't re2uirements t% '%ntr%l %+ an'/%r p%siti%n. typi'al ,it/in sa+ety J%ne %+ e:istin(
installati%ns. pr%:imity %+ pipelines %r areas %+ ar'/e%l%(i'al %r en)ir%nmental imp%rtan'e
1 '%mputin( an* inter+a'in( +a'ilities +%r inter+a'in( ,it/ lay )essel. tren'/in( )essel %r %t/er an'/%re*
)essels-
1 Batest re)isi%n %+ '/arts +%r t/e ,/%le area %+ %perati%n
4*8 Pr%'e*ures +%r t/e an'/%r /an*lin( s/all be establis/e*. ensurin( t/at0
1 an'/%r l%'ati%ns are in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e an'/%r pattern +%r t/e l%'ati%n
1 re2uirements %+ %perat%rs %+ %t/er installati%ns an* pipelines +%r an'/%r /an*lin( in t/e )i'inity %+ t/e
installati%n are &n%,n. an* '%mmuni'ati%n lines establis/e*
1 p%siti%n pri%r t% an'/%r *r%p is '%n+irme*
1 an'/%r p%siti%ns are m%nit%re* at all times. parti'ularly in t/e )i'inity %+ %t/er installati%ns an* pipelines
1 any %t/er re2uirement *ue t% t/e nature %+ t/e %perati%ns is +ul+ille*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
In %r*er t% ensure '%rre't p%siti%nin( %+ an'/%rs. t/e line len(t/ measurements s/%ul* be reset at t/e p%int %+ t/e
an'/%r s/a'&le bein( at t/e stern r%ller an* a''urate in+%rmati%n %+ line tensi%n s/%ul* be ensure*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 All m%%rin( e2uipment s/all /%l* a )ali* 'erti+i'ate- T/ere s/all be pr%'e*ures in pla'e +%r /an*lin( an*
re(ular inspe'ti%n %+ all m%%rin( e2uipment-
4*# F%r m%%rin( systems usin( synt/eti' +ibre lines. instru'ti%ns +%r /an*lin(. use an* st%ra(e as pr%)i*e*
by manu+a'turer an*I%r state* %n 'erti+i'ate s/all be +%ll%,e*- %nta't ,it/ t/e seabe* s/all be a)%i*e* at any
time unless t/e +ibre r%pes /a)e been 'erti+ie* +%r su'/ '%nta't-
4*5 An'/%r patterns s/all be pre*etermine* +%r ea'/ )essel usin( an'/%rs t% maintain p%siti%n- Di++erent
'%n+i(urati%ns +%r an'/%r patterns may be re2uire* +%r )ari%us se'ti%ns %+ t/e pipeline. espe'ially in t/e )i'inity
%+ +i:e* installati%ns an* %t/er subsea installati%ns %r %t/er pipelines %r 'ables-
4*& T/e minimum all%,able number %+ an'/%rs t% be use* *urin( pipeline installati%n s/all be establis/e*-
4*2 An'/%r patterns s/all be a''%r*in( t% t/e results %+ m%%rin( analyses an* s/all be )eri+ie* t% /a)e t/e
re2uire* 'apa'ity +%r t/e pr%p%se* l%'ati%n. time %+ year an* *urati%n %+ %perati%n- Sa+e *istan'e t% %t/er
installati%n an* n%n-an'/%rin( J%nes s/all be establis/e*. an* t/e p%ssibility t% lea)e t/e site in an emer(en'y
situati%n s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
F%r ,eat/er restri'te* %perati%ns an* m%%rin(. see DNV-OS-H101- F%r n%n-,eat/er restri'te* %perati%ns an*
m%%rin(. see DNV-OS-E#01-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*: T/e m%%rin( system s/all as a minimum be analyse* +%r0
1 An ultimate limit state C8BS4 t% ensure t/at t/e in*i)i*ual lines an* an'/%rs /a)e a*e2uate stren(t/ t%
,it/stan* t/e l%a* e++e'ts imp%se* by e:treme en)ir%nmental a'ti%ns
1 An ultimate limit state C8BS4 t% ensure t/at t/e in*i)i*ual lines /a)e t/e a*e2uate stren(t/ an* t/e )esselI
bar(e is &ept ,it/in a''eptable p%siti%ns +%r t/e en)ir%nmental limitin( '%n*iti%ns +%r t/e %perati%n-
1 An a''i*ental limit state CABS4 t% ensure t/at t/e m%%rin( system /as t/e a*e2uate 'apa'ity t% ,it/stan*
t/e +ailure %+ %ne m%%rin( line. %r in 'ase %+ t/ruster assiste* m%%rin(. +ailure %+ %ne truster %r +ailure in
trustersN '%ntr%l %r p%,er systems-
4)* H%l*in( 'apa'ity %+ an'/%r s/all be *%'umente*. an* p%tential *ra((in( an'/%rs s/all be assesse*- T/e
an'/%r /%l*in( 'apa'ity s/all be base* %n a'tual s%il '%n*iti%n an* type %+ an'/%rs t% be use*- Vari%us an'/%rs
may /a)e )ari%us per+%rman'e in *i++erent s%ils. an* e)aluati%n %+ t/e appr%priate an'/%r type s/all be
per+%rme*- Spe'ial 'auti%n s/%ul* be pai* t% /%l*in( 'apa'ity %n san*-
4)) Ea'/ an'/%r pattern s/all be 'learly s/%,n %n a '/art %+ a*e2uate s'ale- T/e pattern s/%ul* in'lu*e
all%,able t%leran'es- All subsea installati%ns. in+rastru'ture an* %t/er an'/%r restri'te* J%nes s/all be s/%,n
in t/e '/art-
4)4 I+ usin( an'/%r /an*lin( tu( as li)e an'/%r. t/e tu( s/%ul* as a minimum /%l* a DP 'lass a''%r*in( t%
DP e2uipment 'lass "- T/e ,in'/ an* DP system s/%ul* be lin&e* ensurin( ,in'/ tensi%n t% be '%nsi*ere* in
t/e system- Bi)e an'/%r s/%ul* n%t be use* in 'riti'al %perati%ns an* insi*e t/e sa+ety J%ne-
4)8 Stati%n-&eepin( systems base* %n an'/%rin( s/all /a)e a*e2uate re*un*an'y %r ba'&-up systems in %r*er
t% ensure t/e pipeline inte(rity an* t/at %t/er )essels an* installati%ns are n%t en*an(ere* by partial +ailure-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e pipeline inte(rity '/e'& s/%ul*. as a minimum. in'lu*e t/e +%ll%,in( 'ases0
- @%rst 'ase +%r m%%rin( +ailure
- 6%%rin( +ailure +%r t/e m%st l%a*e* 'ase +%r pipeline as i*enti+ie* in *ynami' analysis-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4)4 Sa+e *istan'es are t% be spe'i+ie* bet,een an an'/%r. its 'able an* any e:istin( +i:e* %r subsea
installati%ns an* in+rastru'ture. b%t/ +%r n%rmal %perati%ns an* emer(en'y '%n*iti%ns-
G'i"ance n!%eF
6inimum 'learan'es may )ary *epen*in( %n re2uirements %+ %perat%rs %+ %t/er installati%nIpipeline an* nati%nal
re2uirements-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4)# T/e an'/%r p%siti%n. *r%p J%ne an* ,ire 'atenary s/%ul* be establis/e* ta&in( int% a''%unt t/e ,ater
*ept/. ,ire tensi%n an* ,ire len(t/- %n+irmati%n %+ an'/%r p%siti%nin( a+ter installati%n s/all be '%n+irme* at
re(ular inter)als *epen*in( %n re2uire* a''ura'y an* 'riti'ality. an* '%untera'ti)e measures ta&en ,/en +%un*
re2uire*- 6%nit%rin( systems s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
4)5 Durin( an'/%r runnin(. attenti%n s/all be pai* t% t/e an'/%r 'able an* t/e 'atenary %+ t/e 'able. t%
maintain minimum 'learan'e bet,een t/e an'/%r 'able an* any subsea installati%ns an* in+rastru'ture %r
%bsta'les-
4)& All an'/%rs transp%rte* %)er subsea installati%ns an* in+rastru'ture s/all be se'ure* %n *e'& %+ t/e an'/%r
/an*lin( )essel-
D #** D7na$ic (!si%i!ning
#*) Vessels per+%rmin( pipelayin( a'ti)ities usin( *ynami' p%siti%nin( systems +%r stati%n &eepin( an*
l%'ati%n purp%ses s/all be *esi(ne*. e2uippe* an* %perate* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ I6O 6SIir'->;=
C3ui*elines +%r Vessels ,it/ Dynami' P%siti%nin( Systems4 an* t/e '%rresp%n*in( 'lass n%tati%ns +r%m a
re'%(nise* 'lassi+i'ati%n s%'iety-
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $4%
#*4 Sele'ti%n %+ re2uire* DP e2uipment 'lass +%r t/e %perati%n s/all '%mply ,it/ nati%nal re2uirements an*
in a**iti%n be base* up%n a ris& assessment %+ t/e a'tual installati%n an* l%'ati%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e +%ll%,in( DP e2uipment 'lass s/%ul* apply0
- 6inimum e2uipment lass " +%r %perati%ns %utsi*e t/e sa+ety J%ne +%r li)e installati%n Csur+a'e %r subsea4
- E2uipment lass # +%r %perati%ns insi*e t/e sa+ety J%ne +%r li)e installati%ns
- E2uipment lass # +%r manne* subsea %perati%ns %r %t/er %perati%ns ,/ere a su**en /%riJ%ntal *ispla'ement %+
t/e )essel may /a)e se)ere '%nse2uen'es +%r pers%nnel-
F%r %perati%ns insi*e t/e sa+ety J%ne. )essels ,it/ l%,er e2uipment 'lasses may be a''epte* subGe't t% a(reement %n
a 'ase by 'ase basis- Elements t% e)aluate ,it/ re(ar* t% a''eptan'e %+ l%,er e2uipment 'lass are0
- t/e )essel *%es n%t e:'ee* t/e )essel siJe %+ ,/i'/ t/e +a'ility is *esi(ne* +%r ,it/ re(ar* t% ,it/stan*in( '%llisi%n-
- t/e '%nse2uen'es %+ sin(le +ailures. in'lu*in( +ire an* +l%%*in(. ,ill n%t in'rease si(ni+i'antly
- a)ailability %+ reliable p%siti%nin( re+eren'e systems
- p%ssibility %+ %peratin( ,it/ %pen ,aters %n lee,ar* si*e
- ris& re*u'in( measures as e:tra DP mannin(. en(ine r%%m mannin( an* +ire ,at'/-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*8 Su++i'ient DP 'apa'ity s/all be *%'umente* by 'apability pl%ts- T/e pl%ts s/all be rele)ant +%r t/e
planne* pr%Ge't base* %n '%rre't )essel lay-%ut. in'lu*in( pr%Ge't spe'i+i' m%*i+i'ati%ns. an* rele)ant pipeline
an* tensi%n- T/e pl%ts s/all '%)er n%rmal %perati%n as ,ell as ,%rst 'ase sin(le +ailure +r%m F6EA-
G'i"ance n!%e )F
T/e 'apa'ity pl%ts s/%ul* be pr%)i*e* +%r t,% s'enari%s +%r t/e same ,eat/er '%n*iti%ns0
1. all system +ully +un'ti%nal
". ,%rst 'ase +ailure m%*e. %r an amal(amati%n %+ t/e ,%rst 'ases
F%r 'apa'ity pl%ts. re+eren'e is ma*e t% I6A 61;0-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
F%r ,%rst sin(le +ailure '%n'ept. see DNV s/ip rules Pt-> /-< E Dynami' P%siti%nin( Systems. an* in I6O 6SI
'ir'- >;=
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*4 F%r 'riti'al %perati%ns m%nit%rin(I*isplayin( %+ a'tual DP 'apa'ity +%r a'tual ,eat/er '%n*iti%ns at site
are re'%mmen*e*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
E2uipment 'lasses " an* # /as a s%+t,are +un'ti%n. n%rmally &n%,n as S'%nse2uen'e analysisT. ,/i'/ '%ntinu%usly
)eri+ies t/at t/e )essel ,ill remain in p%siti%n e)en i+ t/e ,%rst 'ase +ailure %''urs- T/is analysis s/%ul* )eri+y t/at
t/e t/rusters remainin( in %perati%n a+ter t/e ,%rst 'ase +ailure 'an (enerate t/e same resultant t/ruster +%r'e an*
m%ment as re2uire* be+%re t/e +ailure-
T/e '%nse2uen'e analysis s/%ul* pr%)i*e an alarm i+ t/e %''urren'e %+ a ,%rst 'ase +ailure ,%ul* lea* t% a l%ss %+
p%siti%n *ue t% insu++i'ient t/rust +%r t/e pre)ailin( en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns- F%r %perati%ns ,/i'/ ,ill ta&e a l%n(
time t% sa+ely terminate. t/e '%nse2uen'e analysis s/%ul* in'lu*e a +un'ti%n ,/i'/ simulates t/e t/rust an* p%,er
remainin( a+ter t/e ,%rse 'ase +ailure. base* %n manual input %+ ,eat/er tren*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#*# Due '%nsi*erati%n s/%ul* be (i)en t% t/e re+eren'e systems limitati%ns re(ar*s reliability. a''essibility
an* 2uality-
#*5 T/e DP %perat%rs s/all be +amiliar ,it/ t/e )essel spe'i+i' F6EA as ,ell as t/e '%ntin(en'y plans +%r
t/e %perati%n in 2uesti%n-
#*& Key elements %+ t/e '%ntin(en'y plannin( measures s/%ul* be l%'ate* in t/e )i'inity %+ t/e DP %perat%r
stati%n. s% t/at situati%n spe'i+i' re2uire* a'ti%ns are imme*iately a)ailable t% t/e DP %perat%r-
#*2 DP %perati%n stati%n an* tensi%ner system %perati%n stati%n s/%ul* be l%'ate* in t/e )i'inity %+ ea'/ %t/er
ensurin( 'l%se '%mmuni'ati%n bet,een t/e %perat%rs an* a)ailabilityIm%nit%rin( %+ )ital in+%rmati%n-
D 5** Cranes an" li+%ing e<'i($en%
5*) ranes an* li+tin( e2uipment s/all meet appli'able statut%ry re2uirements- erti+i'ates +%r t/e
e2uipment. )ali* +%r t/e %perati%ns an* '%n*iti%ns un*er ,/i'/ t/ey ,ill be use*. s/all be a)ailable %n b%ar*
+%r re)ie,-
D &** a7-essel arrange$en%= la7ing e<'i($en% an" ins%r'$en%a%i!n
&*) T/e tensi%nin( system s/all %perate in a +ail-sa+e m%*e an* s/all /a)e a*e2uate pullin( +%r'e. /%l*in(
+%r'e. bra&in( 'apa'ity an* s2ueeJe pressure t% maintain t/e pipe un*er '%ntr%lle* tensi%n- T/e +%r'es applie*
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $4$
s/all be '%ntr%lle* su'/ t/at n% *etrimental *ama(e t% t/e pipeline %r '%atin( ,ill %''ur-
&*4 T/e installati%n )essel tensi%nin( system arran(ement s/all t/ere+%re be su'/ t/at0
1 t/e tensi%nin( system 'apa'ity s/all /a)e su++i'ient re*un*an'y t% all%, +ailure %+ in*i)i*ual '%mp%nents
1 in 'ase %+ +ailure in t/e tensi%nin( system. t/e pipeline installati%n s/all n%t re-start be+%re t/e system /as
been repaire* %r /a)e en%u(/ re*un*an'y t% all%, +%r a**iti%nal +ailures-
&*8 T/e pipe G%ints. stal&s an* pipeline s/all be su++i'iently supp%rte* by r%llers. tra'&s %r (ui*es t/at all%,
t/e pipe t% m%)e a:ially- Supp%rts s/all pre)ent *ama(e t% '%atin(. +iel* G%int '%atin(s. an%*es an* in-line
assemblies. an* r%llers s/all m%)e +reely- T/e )erti'al an* /%riJ%ntal a*Gustment %+ t/e supp%rts s/all ensure a
sm%%t/ transiti%n +r%m t/e )essel %nt% t/e stin(er. ramp %r lay t%,er. t% maintain t/e l%a*in( %n t/e pipeline
,it/in t/e spe'i+ie* limits- T/e supp%rt '%n+i(urati%n s/all be relate* t% a 'lear an* easily i*enti+iable *atum-
&*4 T/e aban*%nment an* re'%)ery system CA9R4 s/%ul* be able t% aban*%n t/e pipeline sa+ely i+ ,ater+ille*-
In 'ase t/e re'%)ery system is in'apable %+ re'%)erin( t/e pipeline. alternati)e met/%*s s/%ul* be a)ailable-
&*# A su++i'ient am%unt %+ instrumentati%n an* measurin( *e)i'es s/all be installe* t% ensure t/at
m%nit%rin( %+ essential e2uipment an* '%ntinu%us *i(ital st%ra(e %+ all rele)ant parameters re2uire* +%r
'%n+i(urati%n '%ntr%l an* '%ntr%l %+ t/e %peratin( limit '%n*iti%ns 'an be per+%rme*-
T/e +%ll%,in( minimum instrumentati%n an* m%nit%rin( is re2uire*0
Tensioning system:
1 a'tual tensi%n. tensi%n settin(s an* )arian'e t% set p%int
1 s2ueeJe pressure-
Stinger+ ramp:
1 pipeline an* A9R ,ire p%siti%n ,it/ respe't t% t/e last r%ller %r (ui*e
1 r%ller rea'ti%n l%a*s %n t/e r%ller intr%*u'in( t/e stin(er 'ur)ature
1 r%ller rea'ti%n l%a*s C)erti'al an* /%riJ%ntal4. as a minimum +%r stin(er tip
1 stin(er an* ramp '%n+i(urati%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Pipeline an* ,ire p%siti%n ,it/ respe't t% t/e last r%ller %r (ui*e may be m%nit%re* usin( un*er,ater 'ameraCs4. s%nar.
ROV %r *i)er-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#ay configuration:
1 lay parameter m%nit%rin( an* re'%r*in( as appli'able t% t/e installati%n met/%* Csee F1114-
Touch down monitoring:
1 appr%priate systems +%r t%u'/ *%,n m%nit%rin( 'apable %+ %peratin( un*er t/e e:pe'te* ,eat/er '%n*iti%ns-
-uc.le detection:
1 appr%priate instrumentati%n an* m%nit%rin( system +%r t/e applie* bu'&le *ete'ti%n met/%*
1 pullin( ,ire tensi%n an* len(t/ re'%r*er in 'ase bu'&le *ete't%r is '/%sen as bu'&le *ete'ti%n met/%*-
6inches:
1 aban*%nment an* re'%)ery system s/all be e2uippe* ,it/ ,ire tensi%n an* len(t/ re'%r*er
1 an'/%r ,in'/es s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in D;00-
;essel:
1 )essel p%siti%n
1 )essel m%)ements su'/ as r%ll. pit'/. s,ay. /ea)e
1 ,ater *ept/
1 )essel *ra+t an* trim
1 ,in* stren(t/ an* *ire'ti%n
1 *ire't %r in*ire't in*i'ati%n %+ sa(ben* 'ur)ature an* strain-
;essels used for installation by towing:
1 measurin( e2uipment t/at '%ntinu%usly *isplays an* re'%r*s t/e t%,in( spee* an* tensi%ns
1 measurin( e2uipment t/at '%ntinu%usly *isplays an* m%nit%rs t/e *ept/ %+ t/e pipestrin( an* its *istan'e
+r%m t/e seabe*
1 measurin( e2uipment t/at '%ntinu%usly *isplay t/e p%siti%n %+ any ballast )al)es- T/e +l%, rates *urin(
any ballastin( an* *e-ballastin( are t% be *isplaye*-
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $4&
1 Strain (au(es t% m%nit%r t/e stresses in t/e pipestrin( *urin( t%, an* installati%n s/all be '%nsi*ere*
&*5 All measurin( e2uipment s/all be 'alibrate* an* a*e2uate *%'umentati%n %+ 'alibrati%n s/all be
a)ailable %nb%ar* t/e )essel pri%r t% start %+ ,%r& an* *urin( t/e ,/%le %perati%n- All measurin( e2uipment
use* s/all be pr%)i*e* ,it/ an a*e2uate am%unt %+ spares t% ensure uninterrupte* %perati%n-
&*& Dire't rea*in( an* pr%'essin( %+ st%re* re'%r*s +r%m all re2uire* essential instrumentati%n an*
measurin( *e)i'es. s/all be p%ssible at t/e )essels bri*(e-
&*2 %rrelati%n %+ re'%r*e* *ata an* pipe i*enti+i'ati%ns numbers s/all be p%ssible-
&*: T/e +un'ti%n %+ essential measurin( *e)i'es s/all be )eri+ie* at re(ular inter)als-
&)* Ot/er measurin( an* re'%r*in( systems %r e2uipment s/all be re2uire* i+ t/ey are essential +%r t/e
installati%n %perati%n-
D 2** M!6iliCa%i!n
2*) All pers%nnel s/all be +amiliariJe* ,it/ t/e %perati%n t% be per+%rme*- 6%re *etaile* +amiliariJati%n
s/all be per+%rme* +%r pers%nnel spe'i+i' ,%r& tas&s-
2*4 Pers%nnel in)%l)e* in 'riti'al %perati%ns s/%ul* parti'ipate in a ris& assessment +%r t/e spe'i+i'
%perati%n- Pers%nnel in)%l)e* in 'riti'al %perati%ns s/all parti'ipate in a sa+e G%b analysis %r t%%lb%: tal&
ensurin( t/at an un*erstan*in( %+ t/e in)%l)e* ris& relate* t% t/e %perati%n is un*erst%%*-
2*8 E2uipment nee*e* +%r t/e %perati%n s/all be *e+ine* in an* m%bilise* a''%r*in( t% t/e m%bilisati%n
manual-
2*4 Stin(er. ramp %r lay t%,er s/all be a*Guste* t% t/e '%rre't '%n+i(urati%n t% ensure a sm%%t/ transiti%n
+r%m t/e )essel t% t/e %utb%ar* stin(er. ramp %r lay t%,er en*. an* t% maintain t/e l%a*in( %n t/e pipeline
,it/in t/e spe'i+ie* limits- T/e pipeline supp%rt (e%metry s/all be )eri+ie* pri%r t% layin(. an* t/e a''epte*
/ei(/t an* spa'in( %+ supp%rts s/all be permanently mar&e* %r %t/er,ise in*i'ate*- I+ t/e stin(er. ramp %r lay
t%,er 'an be a*Guste* *urin( layin( %perati%ns. it s/all be p%ssible t% *etermine t/e p%siti%n an* '%n+i(urati%n
by re+eren'e t% p%siti%n mar&in(s %r in*i'at%rs-
2*# Trim. tilt an* ballastin( s/all als% be )eri+ie* t% be a''%r*in( t% pr%'e*ures pri%r t% layin(-
2*5 Pr%'e*ures +%r sa+e li+tin( %perati%ns s/all be in pla'e-
2*& All pipes. an%*es. '%nsumables. e2uipment et'- s/all be sea+astene* ,it/in t/e en)ir%nmental limits
e:pe'te* +%r t/e area %+ t/e %perati%n-
D :** E'ali+ica%i!n !+ -essel an" e<'i($en%
:*) Vessel an* e2uipment s/all be 2uali+ie* t% *% installati%n ,%r& ,it/in t/e spe'i+ie* %peratin( limits- Re-
2uali+i'ati%n is re2uire* i+ si(ni+i'ant m%*i+i'ati%n %r alternati%n t% t/e )essel. e2uipment %r s%+t,are /as been
ma*e-
:*4 5uali+i'ati%n s/all be *%ne a''%r*in( t% a 2uali+i'ati%n plan base* %n a systemati' re)ie, %+ t/e spe'i+ie*
%peratin( limits +%r t/e )essel an* all e2uipment-
:*8 5uali+i'ati%n s/all be *%ne base* %n a '%mbinati%n %+ *es&t%p re)ie,. analyses. HAUIDIHAUOP.
F6EA. simulati%n tests an* test layin(-
:*4 %mbine* p%siti%nin( systemItensi%nin( system tests s/all be *%ne by simulatin( pipeline pull.
tensi%nin( system +ailures an* re*un*an'y tests *urin( pull-
D )*** General cali6ra%i!n an" %es%ing
)**) Essential e2uipment s/all be 'alibrate* a(ainst a 'erti+ie* l%a* 'ell- I+ essential '%mp%nents +%r t/e
e2uipment su'/ as l%a* 'ells. ampli+iers %r s%+t,are are repla'e* %r m%*i+ie* t/e e2uipment s/all be teste* an*
re-'alibrate*- In*i'ati%ns %+ e2uipment %ut %+ 'alibrati%n s/%ul* tri((er a re-'alibrati%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Typi'al essential e2uipment 'an be. but are n%t limite* t%. tensi%ners. 'lamps. reel. ,in'/es. 'ranes. li+tin( e2uipment.
'%n)ey%r system. be)ellin( ma'/ines. internal line-up 'lamp. +iel* G%int '%atin( system. p%siti%nin( systems-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)**4 T/e 'erti+ie* l%a* 'ell use* +%r 'alibrati%n s/all /a)e a 'erti+i'ate +r%m a re'%(nise* 'erti+i'ati%n b%*y-
T/e 'erti+i'ate +%r t/e l%a* 'ell use* +%r 'alibrati%n s/%ul* n%t be %l*er t/an > m%nt/s-
G'i"ance n!%eF
A re'%(nise* 'erti+i'ati%n b%*y ,ill /a)e a '%mpetent lab%rat%ry t/at 'an ensure tra'eability an* a*e2uate pr%'e*ures-
Re+eren'e is (i)en t% ISOIIE 1<0"=-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)**8 Testin( an* 'alibrati%n s/all be *%ne a''%r*in( t% t/e test pr%'e*ures- Test pr%'e*ures s/all be subGe't
t% a(reement-
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $4'
)**4 T/e test pr%'e*ures s/all pr%)i*e *%'umente* a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r t/e testin( an* 'alibrati%n-
)**# T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be e)aluate* an* set a''%r*in( t% t/e pipeline inte(rity- Any *e)iati%n
+r%m t/e '%rre't )alue s/all be a''%unte* +%r-
)**5 alibrati%n an* testin( s/%ul* be per+%rme* an* planne* su'/ t/at it 'an be ,itnesse* in a(reement
,it/ Operat%r-
)**& E2uipment s/%ul* be teste* an* 'alibrate* t% t/e ma:imum e2uipment 'apa'ity %r alternati)ely up t%
ma:imum e:pe'te* *ynami' %r a''i*ental l%a*s W =0L. ,/i'/e)er is less-
)**2 Durin( testin( an* 'alibrati%n t/e '%mplete l%a* ran(e s/%ul* be '%)ere*- F%r linear tren*s at least +i)e
l%a* steps s/%ul* be applie* up t% ma:imum e:pe'te* *ynami' l%a*s. m%re steps are re2uire* ,/en testin( t%
ma:imum 'apa'ity- N%n-linear tren*s re2uire /i(/er numbers %+ l%a* steps- y'li' l%a*in( s/%ul* be
'%nsi*ere*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
B%ss %+ main p%,er an* l%ss %+ si(nal s/%ul* be teste* by rem%)in( +uses %r 'ables-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
D ))** Cali6ra%i!n an" %es%ing +re<'enc7
))*) T/e 'alibrati%n an* testin( %+ essential e2uipment s/%ul* as a minimum be per+%rme* %n an annual
basis-
))*4 Tensi%nin( system re)ie, test s/all be *%ne as a minimum %n an annual basis- T/is in'lu*es test
'%mbinati%ns %+ tensi%ners. 'lamps an* reel. an* testin( %+ sin(le tensi%ner +ailure ,/en runnin( t,% %r m%re
tensi%ners. test re*un*an'y %+ sin(le tensi%ners. +ail sa+e a'ti%ns. l%ss %+ main p%,er an* l%ss %+ si(nal-
))*8 Aban*%nment an* re'%)ery system test s/all be *%ne as a minimum %n an annual basis C+ail sa+e
a'ti%ns. l%ss %+ main p%,er an* l%ss %+ si(nal4-
))*4 F%r ea'/ spe'i+i' pr%Ge't. testin( an* *%'umentati%n %+ )essels an* e2uipment s/all as a minimum
in'lu*e0
1 In-+iel* *ynami' p%siti%nin( system test
1 Fail sa+e testin( t% ma: e:pe'te* le)el %+ tensi%n +%r t/e pr%Ge't-
1 bu'&le *ete'ti%n system
1 stin(er '%ntr%l an* m%nit%rin( *e)i'es in'lu*in( r%ller l%a* 'ells
1 'alibrati%n re'%r*s %+ 'riti'alIessential e2uipment. in'lu*in( ,el*in( ma'/ines an* aut%mate* NDT
e2uipment
1 maintenan'e re'%r*s +%r 'riti'alIessential e2uipment. in'lu*in( ,el*in( ma'/ines an* aut%mate* NDT
e2uipment
1 maintenan'eI'alibrati%n re'%r*s %+ 'riti'alIessential e2uipment %n supp%rt )essels-
1 Pull test %+ t/e tensi%nin( an* pipe /%l*in( system t% )eri+y su++i'ient s2ueeJe pressure an* +ri'ti%n-
SubGe't t% a(reement. t/e annual testin( an* 'alibrati%n may be su++i'ient +%r t/e pr%Ge't- I+ t/e annual testin(
is per+%rme* ,it/ a *i++erent set up Ce-(- *i++erent 'lamps %r pa*s %r pipe *iameter4. re-testin( s/%ul* be
per+%rme*-
))*# Re-testin( s/%ul* be per+%rme* in 'ase e2uipment is maintaine*- In 'ase re-testin( is n%t per+%rme* t/is
s/all be base* up%n an e)aluati%n ,/i'/ s/all be *%'umente*-
))*5 Re-testin( s/all be per+%rme* in 'ase e2uipment is '/an(e* %r m%*i+ie*-
E. Wel"ing an" N!n-"es%r'c%i-e Tes%ing
E )** General
)*) Re2uirements +%r ,el*in( pr%'esses. ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n. e:e'uti%n %+ ,el*in( an* ,el*in(
pers%nnel are (i)en in Appen*i: -
)*4 Re2uirements +%r me'/ani'al an* '%rr%si%n testin( +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures are (i)en in
Appen*i: !-
)*8 Re2uirements +%r met/%*s. e2uipment. pr%'e*ures. a''eptan'e 'riteria an* t/e 2uali+i'ati%n an*
'erti+i'ati%n %+ pers%nnel +%r )isual e:aminati%n an* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( CNDT4 are (i)en in Appen*i: D-
Sele'ti%n %+ n%n-*estru'ti)e met/%*s s/all '%nsi*er t/e re2uirements in App-D A;00-
)*4 Re2uirements t% aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( CA8T4 are (i)en in Appen*i: E-
E 4** Wel"ing
4*) Pipes s/all be be)elle* t% t/e '%rre't '%n+i(urati%n. '/e'&e* t% be ,it/in t%leran'e. an* inspe'te* +%r
*ama(e- Internal line-up 'lamps s/%ul* be use*- A''eptable ali(nment. r%%t (ap an* sta((erin( %+ l%n(itu*inal
,el*s s/all be '%n+irme* pri%r t% ,el*in(-
4*4 A ,el* repair analysis s/%ul* be per+%rme*- !en*in( an* tensile stresses s/all be '%nsi*ere*- T/e
analysis s/all *etermine t/e ma:imum e:'a)ati%n len(t/ an* *ept/ '%mbinati%ns t/at may be per+%rme*.
ta&in( int% a''%unt all stresses a'tin( at t/e area %+ t/e repair- T/e analysis s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e
,it/ Appen*i: A- T/e analysis s/all '%nsi*er t/e re*u'ti%n %+ yiel* an* tensile stren(t/ in t/e material *ue t%
t/e /eat input +r%m *e+e't e:'a)ati%n. pre/eatin(. an* ,el*in( an* als% *ynami' ampli+i'ati%n *ue t% ,eat/er
'%n*iti%ns an* re*u'e* sti++ness e++e't at +iel* G%ints- Ele)ate* temperature tensile testin( s/%ul* be per+%rme*-
4*8 In 'ase multiple ,el*in( stati%ns %n t/e installati%n )essel. t/e r%%t an* t/e +irst +iller pass s/all. as a
minimum. be '%mplete* at t/e +irst ,el*in( stati%n be+%re m%)in( t/e pipe- 6%)in( t/e pipe at an earlier sta(e
may be permitte* i+ an analysis is per+%rme* s/%,in( t/at t/is 'an be per+%rme* ,it/%ut any ris& %+ intr%*u'in(
*e+e'ts in t/e *ep%site* ,el* material- T/is analysis s/all '%nsi*er t/e ma:imum misali(nment all%,e*. t/e
/ei(/t %+ t/e *ep%site* ,el* metal. t/e p%ssible presen'e %+ +la,s. supp%rt '%n*iti%ns +%r t/e pipe an* any
*ynami' e++e'ts-
4*4 F%r pr%*u'ti%n testin(. see App-. 3=">-=#"-
E 8** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing
8*) T/e e:tent %+ NDT +%r installati%n (irt/ ,el*s s/all be 100L ultras%ni' %r ra*i%(rap/i' testin(-
Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( s/all be supplemente* ,it/ ultras%ni' testin( in %r*er t% en/an'e t/e pr%bability %+
*ete'ti%n an*I%r '/ara'terisati%nIsiJin( %+ *e+e'ts-
8*4 F%r ,all t/i'&ness _ "= mm. aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( s/%ul* be use*-
8*8 8ltras%ni' testin( C8T4 %r aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( CA8T4 s/all be use* in t/e +%ll%,in( 'ases0
1 ,/ene)er siJin( %+ +la, /ei(/t an*I%r *eterminati%n %+ t/e +la, *ept/ is re2uire* Cre+- Se'-= DH0"4-
1 100L laminati%n '/e'&s %+ a =0 mm ,i*e ban* at en*s %+ 'ut pipe-
8*4 @/en ra*i%(rap/i' testin( is t/e primary NDT met/%* 8T %r A8T s/all be use* in t/e +%ll%,in( 'ases0
1 F%r t/e +irst 10 ,el*s +%r ,el*in( pr%'esses ,it/ /i(/ p%tential +%r n%n-+usi%n type *e+e'ts. ,/en startin(
installati%n %r ,/en resumin( pr%*u'ti%n a+ter suspensi%n %+ ,el*in(
1 t% supplement ra*i%(rap/i' testin( +%r un+a)%urable (r%%)e '%n+i(urati%ns
1 +%r ,all t/i'&ness ab%)e "= mm0
1 t% pr%)i*e a**iti%nal ran*%m l%'al sp%t '/e'&s *urin( installati%n
1 t% supplement ra*i%(rap/i' testin( t% ai* in '/ara'terisin( an* siJin( %+ ambi(u%us in*i'ati%ns-
8*# I+ ultras%ni' testin( re)eals *e+e'ts n%t *is'%)ere* by ra*i%(rap/y. t/e e:tent %+ ultras%ni' testin( s/all
be 100L +%r t/e ne:t 10 ,el*s- I+ t/e results %+ t/is e:ten*e* testin( are unsatis+a't%ry. t/e ,el*in( s/all be
suspen*e* until t/e 'auses %+ t/e *e+e'ts /a)e been establis/e* an* re'ti+ie*-
8*5 F%r S3%l*en @el*sT C'riti'al ,el*s e-(- tie-in ,el*s t/at ,ill n%t be subGe't t% pressure testin(. et'-4
100L ultras%ni' testin(. 100L ra*i%(rap/i' testin(. an* 100L ma(neti' parti'le testin( %r 100L li2ui*
penetrant testin( %+ n%n- +err%ma(neti' materials s/all be per+%rme*- I+ t/e ultras%ni' testin( is per+%rme* as
aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin(. see Appen*i: E. t/e ra*i%(rap/i' testin( may be %mitte* subGe't t% a(reement-
8*& 6a(neti' parti'le testin( %r li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ n%n-+err%ma(neti' materials s/all be per+%rme*
t% )eri+y '%mplete rem%)al %+ *e+e'ts be+%re '%mmen'in( ,el* repairs. an* +%r 100L laminati%n '/e'&s at re-
be)elle* en*s %+ 'ut pipe-
8*2 Visual E:aminati%n s/all in'lu*e0
1 100L e:aminati%n %+ '%mplete* ,el*s +%r sur+a'e +la,s. s/ape an* *imensi%ns
1 100L e:aminati%n %+ t/e )isible pipe sur+a'e. pri%r t% +iel* G%int '%atin(-
F. 9i(eline ;ns%alla%i!n
F )** General
)*) T/e re2uirements %+ t/is subse'ti%n are (enerally appli'able t% pipeline installati%n. re(ar*less %+
installati%n met/%*- A**iti%nal re2uirements pertainin( t% spe'i+i' installati%n met/%*s are (i)en in t/e
+%ll%,in( subse'ti%ns-
)*4 T/is se'ti%n a**resses t/e main installati%n met/%*s- Ot/er installati%n met/%*s may be suitable in
spe'ial 'ases- A t/%r%u(/ stu*y s/all be per+%rme* t% establis/ t/e +easibility %+ t/e installati%n met/%* an* t/e
l%a*s imp%se* *urin( installati%n- Su'/ met/%*s are subGe't t% a(reement in ea'/ 'ase-
)*8 Inter+a'es s/all be establis/e* ,it/ %t/er parties t/at may be a++e'te* by t/e %perati%ns %r may a++e't t/e
%perati%n- T/e resp%nsibilities %+ all parties an* lines %+ '%mmuni'ati%n s/all be establis/e*-
)*4 Han*lin( an* st%ra(e %+ pipes an* materials %n supply an* layin( )essels s/all ensure t/at *ama(e t%
pers%nnel. pipe. '%atin(s. assemblies an* a''ess%ries are a)%i*e*- Slin(s an* %t/er e2uipment use* s/all be
*esi(ne* t% pre)ent *ama(e %+ pr%*u't- St%ra(e %+ pipes. in-line assemblies an* %t/er a''ess%ries s/all be
sea+asten*e* t% ,it/stan* *esi(n l%a*s- All material s/ippe* +%r installati%n s/all be re'%r*e*-
)*# All material s/all be inspe'te* +%r *ama(e. 2uantity an* i*enti+i'ati%n up%n arri)al- Dama(e* items s/all
be 2uarantine*. repaire* %r 'learly mar&e* an* returne* %ns/%re-
)*5 Pipes an* in-line assemblies s/all be inspe'te* +%r l%%se material. *ebris an* %t/er '%ntaminati%n an*
'leane* internally be+%re bein( a**e* t% t/e line- T/e 'leanin( met/%* s/all n%t 'ause *ama(e t% any internal
'%atin(-
)*& A pipe tra'&in( system s/all be use* t% maintain re'%r*s %+ ,el* numbers. pipe numbers. NDT. pipe
len(t/s. 'umulati)e len(t/. an%*e installati%n. +iel* G%ints. in-line assemblies an* repair numbers- T/e system
s/all be 'apable %+ *ete'tin( *upli'ate re'%r*s-
)*2 T/e in*i)i*ual pipes %+ t/e pipeline s/all be permanent mar&e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e establis/e* pipe
tra'&in( system- T/e mar&in( s/all be suitable +%r rea*in( by ROV- 6eans %+ m%nit%rin( p%ssible pipeline
r%tati%n may be applie*- I+ *ama(e* pipes are repla'e*. any se2uential mar&in( s/all be maintaine*-
)*: In-line assemblies s/all be /an*le* an* st%re* t% a)%i* *ama(e pri%r t% G%inin( t% t/e line. an* s/all
+urt/er be /an*le* su'/ t/at *ama(e is a)%i*e* t/r%u(/ tensi%nin( system. pipe supp%rtsIr%llers %r ramp.
,/i'/e)er is rele)ant- Any pipeline r%tati%n s/all be '%ntr%lle*-
))* Any applie* +iel* G%int '%atin( s/all meet t/e re2uirements in Se'-H-
))) T/e lay '%n+i(urati%n an* l%a*s s/all be '%ntr%lle* in %r*er t% ensure t/at t/ese are ,it/in establis/e*
*esi(n parameters *urin( installati%n- T/e '%n+i(urati%n an* l%a*s may be '%ntr%lle* by )ari%us means. an*
t/ese s/all be 'learly *es'ribe* in'lu*in( all%,able ran(es +%r t/e spe'i+i' installati%n- Re*un*an'y is re2uire*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e lay '%n+i(urati%n may typi'ally be '%ntr%lle* by tensi%n. stin(er tip 'learan'e an* lay ba'& *istan'eIt%u'/ *%,n
m%nit%rin(- Depen*in( %n t/e installati%n )essel an* pipeline. t/e pre+erre* met/%*s may alter-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
))4 Pipeline lay *%,n p%int s/%ul* be m%nit%re* '%ntinu%usly +%r %perati%ns t/at are 'riti'al %r represent a
ris& +%r e:istin( in+rastru'ture-
))8 Pipelay in '%n(este* areas. in t/e )i'inity %+ e:istin( installati%ns an* at pipeline an* 'able 'r%ssin(s.
s/all be 'arrie* %ut usin( p%siti%nin( systems ,it/ re2uire* a''ura'y- 6easures s/all be ta&en t% a)%i* *ama(e
t% e:istin( in+rastru'ture- ROV s/%ul* be use* t% '%ntinu%usly m%nit%r su'/ %perati%ns- ROVs s/all be 'apable
%+ %peratin( un*er t/e seastates e:pe'te* +%r t/e %perati%n in 2uesti%n-
))4 T/e pipeline s/all be installe* ,it/in t/e lay '%rri*%r- De)iati%ns t% t/e lay '%rri*%r s/all be '/e'&e*
an* )eri+ie* %r '%rre'te* be+%re pipelayin( '%ntinues-
))# In 'ase a bu'&le *ete't%r is use*. t/e bu'&le *ete't%r l%a* '/art s/all be m%nit%re*- T/e bu'&le *ete't%r
s/all be retrie)e* an* inspe'te* i+ t/ere is reas%n t% belie)e t/at bu'&lin( 'an /a)e %''urre*- I+ t/e inspe'ti%n
s/%,s in*i'ati%ns %+ bu'&lin( %r ,ater in(ress. t/e situati%n s/all be in)esti(ate* an* reme*ial a'ti%n per+%rme*-
))5 T/e p%siti%n %+ pipeline in'lu*in( start up an* lay-*%,n s/all be )eri+ie* as ,it/in t/eir respe'ti)e tar(et
areas pri%r t% *eparture %+ t/e lay )essel +r%m site-
))& Pri%r t% aban*%nment %+ t/e pipeline. all internal e2uipment e:'ept t/e bu'&le *ete't%r s/%ul* be
rem%)e*- All ,el*s. in'lu*in( t/e aban*%nment an* re'%)ery /ea* ,el*s. s/all be +ille* t% a le)el t/at t/e pipe
'an be sa+ely aban*%ne* %n an* retrie)e* +r%m t/e seabe*. an* s/all be 'learly *e+ine* in a*)an'e-
))2 Durin( aban*%nment. ,in'/ tensi%n an* 'able len(t/s s/all be m%nit%re* an* t/e )alues s/all be ,it/in
t/e spe'i+ie* ran(e *urin( t/e %perati%n- T/e '%nne'ti%n at t/e en* %+ t/e ,ire s/all be easily re'%)erable
in*epen*ently %+ ,a)es an* 'urrent '%n*iti%ns-
)): A+ter aban*%nment an* pri%r t% re'%)ery t/e pipeline s/all be sur)eye* %)er a len(t/ a,ay +r%m t/e
aban*%nment an* re'%)ery /ea*. su++i'ient t% ensure t/at n% *ama(e /as %''urre*-
)4* Di)in( an* un*er,ater %perati%ns s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a(ree* pr%'e*ures '%)erin(
appli'able re2uirements-
)4) In t/e e)ent %+ bu'&lin( a sur)ey %+ t/e pipeline s/all be per+%rme* be+%re repair t% establis/ t/e e:tent
%+ *ama(e an* +easibility %+ t/e repair pr%'e*ure- A+ter '%mpleti%n %+ t/e repair. a sur)ey s/all be per+%rme*
%+ t/e pipeline %)er a len(t/ su++i'ient t% ensure t/at n% +urt/er *ama(e /as %''urre*-
)44 I+ l%ss %r maG%r *ama(e t% ,ei(/t an* '%rr%si%n '%atin( %r an%*es an* t/eir 'ablesI'%nne't%rs are
%bser)e*. repair s/all be per+%rme* an* inspe'te* a''%r*in( t% establis/e* pr%'e*ures-
)48 F%r temp%rary st%ra(e an* transp%rtati%n %+ linepipe. see Se'-F F;00-
)44 Initiati%n %+ pipeline installati%n s/all be per+%rme* usin( a*e2uate start-up piles %r an'/%rs t% ensure
sa+e %perati%ns-
)4# Bay *%,n %+ t/e pipeline s/%ul* be per+%rme* su'/ t/at t/e pipeline is insi*e t/e lay '%rri*%r an* ,it/
t/e *esire* appr%a'/ an(le-
F 4** A""i%i!nal re<'ire$en%s +!r ins%alla%i!n $e%h!" S-a7
4*) T/e stin(er an* r%llers s/all be p%siti%ne* t% a)%i* e:'ee*in( any limit state +%r t/e pipeline. an* t% a)%i*
*ama(e t% an%*es %r %t/er atta'/ments-
F 8** A""i%i!nal re<'ire$en%s +!r ins%alla%i!n $e%h!" >-a7
8*) T/e '%nse2uen'es in 'ase l%sin( internal ,el*in( 'lamp insi*e pipeline s/all be establis/e* an* a(ree*-
F 4** A""i%i!nal re<'ire$en%s +!r ins%alla%i!n $e%h!"s in%r!"'cing signi+ican% (las%ic s%rains
4*) A**iti%nal re2uirements %+ t/is subse'ti%n are appli'able t% pipeline installati%n by met/%*s ,/i'/ (i)e
t%tal sin(le e)ent n%minal strain _ 1-0L %r a''umulate* n%minal plasti' strain _ "-0L-
4*4 Pipelines use* +%r su'/ installati%n met/%*s s/all meet t/e supplementary re2uirement. pipe +%r plasti'
*e+%rmati%n CP4. see Se'-< I#00-
4*8 A*e2uate supp%rt %+ t/e pipestrin( s/all be pr%)i*e* ,/en l%a*in( t/e reel- Su++i'ient tensi%n s/all be
applie* *urin( reelin( in %r*er t% ensure t/at t/e su''essi)e layers %n t/e reel are su++i'iently ti(/tly pa'&e* t%
pre)ent slippa(e bet,een t/e layers. an* t% '%ntr%l t/e 'ur)ature- Tensi%n s/all be m%nit%re*- A*e2uate
measures s/all be ta&en t% pr%te't t/e '%atin( *urin( reelin(- Vessel m%ti%n s/all be '%ntr%lle* an* ,it/in
a''eptable limits *urin( %ns/%re tie-in ,el* bet,een stal&s-
4*4 T/e 'ur)ature %+ t/e pipe. pea&in( an* sa((in(. bet,een t/e p%int %+ *eparture +r%m t/e reel an* entry
int% t/e strai(/teners s/all n%t e:'ee* t/e ma:imum )alues assume* in *esi(n an* in'lu*e* in t/e +ra'ture
assessment %+ t/e (irt/ ,el*s as per Appen*i: A an* )ali*ate* in t/e material testin( %+ t/e (irt/ ,el*e* pipes-
4*# An%*es s/%ul* be installe* a+ter t/e pipe /as passe* t/r%u(/ t/e strai(/tener an* tensi%ner- T/e ele'tri'al
'%nne'ti%n bet,een an%*es an* pipe s/all meet t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements an* s/all be )eri+ie* at re(ular
inter)als. see Se'-H-
F #** T!1ing
#*) T%,s may be per+%rme* as0
1 sur+a'e %r near-sur+a'e t%,s. ,it/ t/e pipestrin( supp%rte* by sur+a'e bu%ys
1 mi*-*ept/ t%,s. ,/ere t/e pipestrin( is t%,e* ,ell 'lear a,ay +r%m t/e seabe*
1 b%tt%m t%,s. ,/ere t/e pipestrin( is t%,e* in '%nta't ,it/. %r 'l%se t%. t/e seabe*-
#*4 F%r sur+a'e t%,s. all aspe'ts pertainin( t% t/e t%, are subGe't t% a(reement in ea'/ 'ase-
#*8 F%r b%tt%m %r near b%tt%m t%,s. t/e pipeline r%ute s/all be sur)eye* pri%r t% t/e t%, an* t/e r%ute s/all
a)%i* r%u(/ seabe*. b%ul*ers. r%'& %ut'r%ps an* %t/er %bsta'les t/at may 'ause *ama(e t% t/e pipeline. '%atin(
%r an%*es *urin( t/e t%, an* installati%n- Durin( b%tt%m an* near b%tt%m t%,s. a*e2uate m%nit%rin( ,it/
ROVs an* %+ t/e pipeline p%siti%n at 'riti'al p/ases is re2uire*- Satis+a't%ry abrasi%n resistan'e %+ t/e pipeline
'%atin( s/all be *em%nstrate*- All aspe'ts pertainin( t% b%tt%m t%,s are subGe't t% a(reement in ea'/ 'ase-
#*4 Baun'/in( %+ pipestrin(s s/all be per+%rme* su'/ t/at t/e pipestrin( is sa+e +r%m *ama(e an* *ama(e t%
t/e '%atin( an* an%*es are a)%i*e*- I+ pipestrin(s are m%%re* ins/%re a,aitin( t/e t%,. a*e2uate pre'auti%ns
s/all be ta&en t% a)%i* marine (r%,t/ in+luen'in( pipestrin( bu%yan'y. ,ei(/t an* *ra(-
#*# N%ti+i'ati%n %+ t/e t%, s/all be (i)en t% t/e rele)ant aut/%rities. %perat%rs %+ subsea installati%ns 'r%sse*
by t/e t%,in( r%ute an* users %+ t/e sea-
#*5 Durin( t/e t%, a stan*by )essel s/all be present t% pre)ent inter+eren'e ,it/ t/e t%, by t/ir* party
)essels-
#*& Tensi%n in t/e t%,in( line an* t/e t%,in( *ept/ s/all be &ept ,it/in t/e spe'i+ie* limits *urin( t/e t%,-
I+ re2uire*. ballastin( %r *e-ballastin( s/all be per+%rme* t% a*Gust t/e t%,in( *ept/ t% t/e spe'i+ie* )alues-
#*2 Installati%n s/all be per+%rme* by 'are+ul ballastin( an* *e-ballastin(- are s/all be e:er'ise* t% pre)ent
%)er-stressin( %+ t/e pipestrin(- T/e use %+ *ra( '/ains *urin( t/e installati%n is re'%mmen*e*- T/e installati%n
%perati%n s/all be m%nit%re* by ROV-
F 5** >-%'6e ('ll-in !+ risers
5*) Pri%r t% pull-in %+ risers int% 7-tubes. t/e p%siti%n %+ t/e 7-tube. 'lamps an* supp%rts an* riser s/all be
'%n+irme* an* e)aluate* ,it/ respe't t% assumpti%ns ma*e in t/e *esi(n- P%tential *ama(e s/all be i*enti+ie*
an* '%untera'ti)e measures ta&en i+ re2uire*-
5*4 Diameter. r%un*ness an* 'leanness %+ t/e 7-tubes s/all be inspe'te* by (au(in( pi(s. pullin( a test pipe
%r similar t% pre)ent t/e pullin( /ea* an* riser +r%m Gammin( an* t% ensure t/at t/e 7-tube is 'lear %+ *ebris an*
%bstru'ti%ns-
5*8 Entry %+ t/e pipeline int% t/e bellm%ut/ s/all be '%ntinu%usly m%nit%re*. an* t/e tensi%n in t/e pull-in
'able s/all be ,it/in spe'i+ie* limits-
5*4 8p%n '%mpleti%n %+ t/e 7-tube pull-in. a sur)ey s/all be per+%rme* t% '%n+irm t/e p%siti%n %+ t/e riser
in'lu*in( supp%rts et'- P%tential *ama(e s/all be i*enti+ie* an* '%untera'ti)e measures ta&en i+ re2uire*-
F &** Sh!re ('ll
&*) T/e re2uirements %+ t/is subse'ti%n are appli'able t% t/e e:e'uti%n. inspe'ti%n an* testin( %+ s/%re pull
,/en pipestrin(s are pulle* eit/er +r%m a )essel %nt% t/e s/%re. %r )i'e )ersa-
&*4 Detaile* re2uirements +%r t/e e:e'uti%n. inspe'ti%n an* testin( %+ s/%re pull s/all be spe'i+ie*.
'%nsi*erin( t/e nature %+ t/e parti'ular installati%n site-
&*8 ables. pullin( /ea*s an* %t/er e2uipment s/all be *imensi%ne* +%r t/e +%r'es t% be applie*. in'lu*in(
any %)erl%a*in(. +ri'ti%n an* *ynami' e++e'ts t/at may %''ur-
&*4 6easurin( *e)i'es s/all be use* t% '%ntr%l t/e inte(rity %+ t/e pipeline *urin( e:e'uti%n %+ t/e s/%re pull-
%ntinu%us m%nit%rin( %+ t/e 'able tensi%n an* pullin( +%r'e s/all be applie*. an* t/ese s/all be ,it/in
all%,able limits-6%nit%rin( ,it/ ROVs may be nee*e*-
&*# T/e ,in'/es s/all be e2uippe* ,it/ ,ire tensi%n an* len(t/ in*i'at%rs an* re'%r*ers- All measurin(
e2uipment s/all be 'alibrate*. an* an a*e2uate am%unt %+ spares t% ensure uninterrupte* %perati%n s/all be
pr%)i*e*-
&*5 It s/all be *%'umente* t/at ROVs are able t% %perate un*er t/e seastate e:pe'te* +%r t/e %perati%n in
2uesti%n- T/e ROVs s/all. i+ use*. be e2uippe* as +%un* ne'essary t% per+%rm t/e ,%r& in a sa+ely manner an*
'%ntr%lle* manner-
&*& 6easurin( *e)i'es s/all be use* t% '%ntr%l t/e inte(rity %+ t/e pipeline *urin( e:e'uti%n %+ t/e s/%re pull-
%ntinu%us m%nit%rin( %+ t/e 'able tensi%n an* pullin( +%r'e s/all be applie*-
&*2 Satis+a't%ry abrasi%n resistan'e %+ t/e pipeline '%atin( s/all be *em%nstrate* +%r t/e installati%n
'%n*iti%ns-
&*: Installati%n %+ t/e pullin( /ea* s/all be ma*e in a manner t/at *%es n%t '%mpr%mise t/e inte(rity %+ t/e
pipeline an* pr%)i*es a se'ure '%nne'ti%n-
&)* !u%yan'y ai*s may be use* as a mean t% &eep pullin( tensi%n ,it/in all%,able limits-
&)) Durin( t/e %perati%n. '%ntinu%us m%nit%rin( %+ 'able tensi%n an* pullin( +%r'e s/all be per+%rme*-
6%nit%rin( ,it/ ROVs may be nee*e*-
F 2** 3'c0le "e%ec%i!n
2*) T/e '%nse2uen'es %+ bu'&les s/all be e)aluate* as part %+ t/e HAUIDIHAUOP Csee Se'-= A#00 an*
Se'-10 A#004. an* in a(reement bet,een Operat%r an* %ntra't%r-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e assessment %+ t/e '%nse2uen'es ,ill typi'ally in'lu*e re'%)ery Ce-(- in 'ase ,et bu'&le4. a)ailability %+ repair
met/%*s an* time +rames +%r repair- T/e '%nse2uen'es %+ a bu'&le n%t *ete'te* *urin( installati%n ,ill n%rmally
re2uire inline repair met/%*s ,/i'/ 'an /a)e lar(e s'/e*ule an* '%st impa't- Dete'ti%n %+ bu'&les *urin( installati%n
,ill /a)e less s'/e*ule an* '%st impa't-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
2*4 6iti(ati%n measures +%r '%nse2uen'es %+ bu'&les s/all be base* up%n t/e %ut'%me %+ t/e HAUIDI
HAUOP- !u'&le *ete'ti%n in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Table 10-1 bel%, s/%ul* be use*-
G'i"ance n!%e )F
!u'&le *ete'ti%n may be ensure* by a bu'&le *ete't%r %r e2uipment pr%)i*in( similar *e(ree %+ *ete'ti%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
Ta6le )*-) 3'c0le "e%ec%i!n
Safety class -uc.le detection re*uirement )dditional re*uirements and conse*uence of buc.le
B%, !u'&le *ete'ti%n '%ntinu%usly
*urin( layin(
6e*ium !u'&le *ete'ti%n n%t re2uire* Impr%)e* '%ntr%l %+ parameters '%ntr%llin( t/e lay '%n+i(urati%n
re2uire* Ce-(- lay tensi%n. t%u'/ *%,n p%int m%nit%rin( et'-4 an*
'%nse2uen'e %+ p%ssible bu'&le is +%un* a''eptable-
Hi(/ !u'&le *ete'ti%n n%t re2uire* Impr%)e* '%ntr%l %+ parameters '%ntr%llin( t/e lay '%n+i(urati%n
re2uire* Ce-(- lay tensi%n. t%u'/ *%,n p%int m%nit%rin( et'-4 an*
'%nse2uen'e %+ p%ssible bu'&le is +%un* una''eptable-
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
T/e bu'&le *ete't%r C%r e2uipment pr%)i*in( same *e(ree %+ *ete't ability4 s/all be p%siti%ne* in su'/ a ,ay t/at
'riti'al areas are m%nit%re* Cn%rmally a *istan'e a+ter t/e t%u'/ *%,n p%int4- I+ a bu'&le *ete't%r is use* t/e *iameter
%+ t/e *is' s/all be '/%sen ,it/ re(ar* t% t/e pipeline *iameter an* t%leran'es %n %)ality. ,all t/i'&ness. misali(nment
an* internal ,el* bea*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
2*8 In 'ase t/e parameters '%ntr%llin( t/e lay '%n+i(urati%n in*i'ates t/at una''eptable '%n+i(urati%n is
e:perien'e* %r %t/er in*i'ati%ns %+ bu'&le e)ents. an inspe'ti%n s/all be per+%rme*- T/e inspe'ti%n s/all be
'arrie* %ut su'/ t/at it 'an be '%n+irme* t/at bu'&lin( /as n%t %''urre*-
F :** O(era%ing li$i% c!n"i%i!ns
:*) T/e installati%n %perati%n s/all be 'lassi+ie* as ,eat/er restri'te* %perati%n %r unrestri'te* %perati%n. see
Se'-; >00- An unrestri'te* %perati%n is a temp%rary '%n*iti%n %r permanent '%n*iti%n-
:*4 F%r ,eat/er restri'te* %perati%ns. %peratin( limit '%n*iti%ns s/all be establis/e* an* a(ree*-
:*8 T/e %peratin( limit '%n*iti%ns s/all be base* %n *etaile* l%a* e++e't analyses. )essel stati%n &eepin(
'apability. F6EA analysis %r HAUOP stu*y *ata. an* s/all re+er t% %bGe'ti)e. 'riti'al )alues in*i'ate* by
measurin( *e)i'es- T/e %peratin( limit '%n*iti%ns s/all be re+erre* t% in t/e pr%'e*ure +%r '%n+i(urati%n
'%ntr%l- %ntinu%us m%nit%rin( an* re'%r*in( %+ t/e measurin( *e)i'es re2uire* +%r '%ntr%l %+ t/e %peratin(
limit '%n*iti%ns s/all be per+%rme* *urin( all p/ases %+ installati%n a'ti)ities-
:*4 I+ a systemati' *e)iati%n bet,een t/e m%nit%re* resp%nse an* pre*i'te* resp%nse +r%m a seastate is +%un*
t/is s/%ul* be a''%unte* +%r-
:*# Start %+ ,eat/er restri'te* %perati%ns is '%n*iti%nal t% an a''eptable ,eat/er +%re'ast- 8n'ertainty in t/e
,eat/er +%re'ast s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
:*5 F%r ,eat/er restri'te* %perati%ns. plannin( %+ %perati%n s/all be base* %n an %perati%nal re+eren'e
peri%*- Furt/er. t/e %perati%nal 'riteria s/all a''%unt +%r un'ertainties in b%t/ ,eat/er +%re'asts an* m%nit%rin(
%+ en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns- Re(ular ,eat/er +%re'asts +r%m a re'%(nise* mete%r%l%(i'al 'entre s/all be
a)ailable %nb%ar* t/e lay )essel. an* s/all be supplemente* by /ist%ri'al en)ir%nmental *ata- Re+eren'e is
ma*e t% DNV-OS-H101-
:*& I+ t/e 'riti'al )alues are ab%ut t% be e:'ee*e*. preparati%ns +%r lay-*%,n s/all '%mmen'e- I+ t/e 'riti'al
'%n*iti%n is ,eat/er *epen*ent %nly. an* i+ ,eat/er +%re'asts in*i'ate t/at t/e ,eat/er '%n*iti%n ,ill subsi*e.
t/e lay-*%,n may be p%stp%ne* subGe't t% a(reement-
:*2 De'isi%n t% re'%)er t/e pipeline s/all be base* %n '%mparis%n %+ t/e a'tual seastate ,it/ t/e limitin(
seastate. t%(et/er ,it/ ,eat/er +%re'asts-
F )*** S(!!ls an" !%her in-line asse$6lies ins%alle" se(ara%el7 +r!$ (i(eline
)**) In-line assemblies t% be installe* separately +r%m t/e pipeline s/all be su++i'iently sea+astene* t% ensure
n% *ama(e is %''urrin( *urin( transp%rtati%n-
)**4 F%r %peratin( limit '%n*iti%ns +%r su'/ installati%ns. see FH00-
)**8 Bi+tin( %perati%ns ab%)e e:istin( in+rastru'ture %n t/e seabe* s/%ul* be a)%i*e*- Sa+e li+tin( an*
installati%n J%nes s/all be *e+ine*-
)**4 In-line assemblies t% be installe* separately +r%m pipeline s/all be installe* insi*e t/e pre-*e+ine* tar(et
areas an* als% ,it/in t/e pre-*e+ine* /ea*in( limitati%ns. in all planes-
)**# Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r m%*elin( an* analysis %+ %++s/%re li+tin( %perati%ns are (i)en in DNV-RP-
H10#-
G. 9!s%-la7 S'r-e7
G )** General
)*) An as-lai* sur)ey '%)erin( t/e '%mplete submarine pipeline system s/all be per+%rme*- T/is 'an be *%ne
eit/er by '%ntinu%us t%u'/ *%,n p%int m%nit%rin( *urin( pipe layin( %r by a separate sur)ey- In 'ase
'%ntinu%us t%u'/-*%,n m%nit%rin( is use*. pipeline p%siti%nin( s/all be '%n+irme* a+ter '%mpleti%n %+ pipeline
installati%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
%ntinu%us t%u'/ *%,n m%nit%rin( may n%t i*enti+y p%ssible /%riJ%ntal 'ur)e pull-%ut. an* t/ere+%re p%siti%nin( %+
pipeline /a)e t% '%n+irme* a+ter '%mpleti%n %+ installati%n a'ti)ities-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*4 An as-built sur)ey '%)erin( t/e '%mplete submarine pipeline system s/all be per+%rme*- T/e as-built
sur)ey s/all be per+%rme* a+ter all ,%r& %n t/e submarine pipeline system. in'lu*in( 'r%ssin(s. tren'/in(.
(ra)el *umpin(. arti+i'ial ba'&+ill. subsea assemblies. riser installati%n. +inal testin( et'-. are '%mplete*- T/e
as-built sur)ey %+ t/e installe* an* '%mplete* pipeline system is per+%rme* t% )eri+y t/at t/e '%mplete*
installati%n ,%r& meets t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements. an* t% *%'ument any *e)iati%ns +r%m t/e %ri(inal *esi(n-
T/e as-built sur)ey s/all in'lu*e t/e '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n system ,/ere p%tential *ama(e t% t/e '%atin( an*
sa'ri+i'ial an%*es s/all be *%'umente*-
)*8 Re2uirements t% sur)ey )essel. sur)ey e2uipment. t/e e:tent %+ sur)ey. t%leran'es +%r t/e as-lai*
pipeline. an* t/e ma:imum a''eptable len(t/ an* (ap /ei(/t %+ +ree spans at )ari%us l%'ati%ns s/all be *e+ine*-
G 4** S'r-e7 re<'ire$en%s
4*) T/e as-lai* sur)ey s/%ul* in'lu*e t/e +%ll%,in(0
1 p%siti%n an* *ept/ %+ t/e pipeline. in'lu*in( l%'ati%n %+ in-line assemblies. an'/%rin( an* pr%te'ti)e
stru'tures. tie-ins. supp%rts et'-
1 i*enti+i'ati%n an* 2uanti+i'ati%n %+ any +ree spans ,it/ len(t/ an* (ap /ei(/t
1 *eterminati%n %+ p%siti%n %+ start-up an* lay *%,n /ea*s
1 *eterminati%n %+ t/e presen'e %+ *ebris
1 )i*e% *%'umentati%n %+ t/e submarine pipeline system-
G'i"ance n!%eF
@/ere )i*e% '%)era(e 'ann%t be %btaine* *ue t% en)ir%nmental reas%ns. alternate met/%*%l%(ies s/%ul* be utilise*
t% ensure 100L '%)era(e-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e as-built sur)ey s/%ul* in'lu*e t/e +%ll%,in( in a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements +%r as-lai* sur)ey0
1 %ut %+ strai(/tness measurements as appli'able
1 *ept/ %+ '%)er %r tren'/ *ept/ as appli'able
1 l%'ati%n %+ areas %+ *ama(e t% pipeline. '%atin( an* an%*es
1 l%'ati%n %+ any areas ,it/ %bser)e* s'%ur %r er%si%n al%n( pipeline an* a*Ga'ent seabe*
1 )eri+i'ati%n t/at t/e '%n*iti%n %+ ,ei(/t '%atin( C%r an'/%rin( systems t/at pr%)i*e +%r %n-b%tt%m stability4
is in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e spe'i+i'ati%n
1 *es'ripti%n %+ ,re'&a(e. *ebris %r %t/er %bGe'ts ,/i'/ may a++e't t/e 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n system %r
%t/er,ise impair t/e pipeline
1 )i*e% *%'umentati%n %+ t/e submarine pipeline system-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e sur)ey a''ura'y s/%ul* re+le't t/e re2uirements relate* t% lay '%rri*%r. siJe %+ lay *%,n tar(et b%:es. restri'ti%ns
in *esi(n relate* t% %ut %+ strai(/tness Cin parti'ular +%r une)en seabe*4 %r %t/er aspe'ts t/at may in+luen'e pipeline
inte(rity-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*8 T/e pipeline /%riJ%ntal p%siti%n an* seabe* an* pipeline )erti'al pr%+ileIseabe* s/all as a minimum be
rep%rte* at inter)als *e+ine* by t/e re2uirement +%r as-lai* pipeline analyses- T/e *ata s/all be rep%rte* in an
a(ree* +%rmat-
G 8** S'r-e7 !+ c!rr!si!n (r!%ec%i!n s7s%e$s
8*) In t/e 'ase %+ *ama(e t% '%atin( %r an%*es. '%nse2uen'es +%r l%n(-term per+%rman'e s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
P%tential measurements at any bare sur+a'es s/%ul* be 'arrie* %ut t% '%n+irm a*e2uate '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n-
%rre'ti)e a'ti%ns may in'lu*e retr%+ittin( %+ an%*es an* '%atin( repairs- Satis+a't%ry le)el %+ '%rr%si%n
pr%te'ti%n s/all be *%'umente* a+ter t/e '%rre'ti)e a'ti%n /as been per+%rme*-
8*4 Impresse* 'urrent 'at/%*i' '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n systems s/all be inspe'te*. in'lu*in( 'ables. '%n*uits.
an%*es an* re'ti+iers- Rea*in(s +r%m t/e '%rr%si%n m%nit%rin( system s/all be )eri+ie* by in*epen*ent
p%tential measurements. an* a*e2uate ele'tri'al insulati%n +r%m %t/er installati%ns Ci+ appli'able4 s/all be
'%n+irme* installe* an* '%mmissi%ne* a''%r*in( t% ISO 1==FH-" Petroleum and natural gas industries (
%athodic protection of pipeline transportation systems ( Part J: 5ffshore pipelines.
I+ t/e re2uire* pr%te'ti%n le)el is n%t attaine*. t/e 'auses s/all be i*enti+ie* an* a*e2uate '%rre'ti)e a'ti%ns
per+%rme*- Satis+a't%ry per+%rman'e s/all be *%'umente* a+ter t/e '%rre'ti)e a'ti%n-
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $5%
H. 9!s%-la7 in%er-en%i!n .Sea6e" in%er-en%i!n an" 9i(eline 9r!%ec%i!n/
H )** General
)*) T/e re2uirements %+ t/is subse'ti%n are appli'able t% +ree span re'ti+i'ati%n an* t/e pr%te'ti%n %+
pipelines. e-(- by tren'/in( an* ba'&+illin(. (ra)el *umpin(. (r%ut ba(s. '%n'rete mattresses et'-
)*4 A spe'i+i' sur)ey %+ t/e ,%r& area s/%ul* be per+%rme*. %r supplementin(. t/e as-lai* sur)ey i+0
1 si(ni+i'ant time /as elapse* sin'e t/e as-lai* sur)ey
1 a '/an(e in seabe* '%n*iti%ns is li&ely
1 marine a'ti)ity is present in t/e area
1 ne, installati%ns are present in t/e area
1 t/e as-lai* sur)ey *%es n%t pr%)i*e su++i'ient in+%rmati%n-
)*8 T/e sur)ey %+ t/e ,%r& area s/%ul* as a minimum in'lu*e0
1 a )i*e% inspe'ti%n %+ t/e pipeline t% i*enti+y any areas %+ *ama(e t% pipeline. '%atin( an* an%*es
1 'r%ss pr%+iles %+ t/e pipeline an* a*Ga'ent seabe* at re(ular inter)als
1 *ept/ pr%+iles al%n( t/e pipeline an* t/e seabe* at b%t/ si*es %+ t/e pipeline
1 any e:istin( subsea installati%ns-
T/e un*isturbe* seabe* le)el s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e 'r%ss pr%+iles-
H 4** S(an rec%i+ica%i!n an" (r!%ec%i!n s(eci+ica%i!n
4*) T/e re2uirements appli'able t% t/e spe'i+i' met/%*s %+ span re'ti+i'ati%n an* pr%te'ti%n re(ar*in(
e:e'uti%n. m%nit%rin( an* a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be *%'umente*- Re2uirements +%r )essels. sur)ey
e2uipment et'- s/all be a**resse* in t/e installati%n an* testin( spe'i+i'ati%ns an* pr%'e*ures- T/e e:tent %+
pr%'e*ures t% be prepare* an* 2uali+ie* s/all be spe'i+ie*-
H 8** Free s(an rec%i+ica%i!n
8*) Free span re'ti+i'ati%n is re2uire* +%r all spans e:'ee*in( t/e spe'i+ie* a''eptable len(t/ %r /ei(/t +%r
t/e spe'i+i' l%'ati%n- Re'ti+i'ati%n %+ %t/er spans s/all be '%nsi*ere* i+ s'%ur %r seabe* settlement '%ul* enlar(e
t/e span len(t/ an* (ap /ei(/t ab%)e ma:imum a''eptable *imensi%ns be+%re t/e +irst planne* inspe'ti%n %+
t/e pipeline-
8*4 A*e2uate re'ti+i'ati%n %+ +ree spans s/all be *%'umente* by a )i*e% sur)ey- All re'ti+ie* +ree spans s/all
be i*enti+ie* an* t/e len(t/. (ap an* /ei(/t s/all be ,it/in t/e re2uirements-
H 4** Trenching
4*) @/ere tren'/ e:'a)ati%n is per+%rme* a+ter pipelayin(. t/e tren'/in( e2uipment s/all be %+ a type t/at
*%es n%t pla'e si(ni+i'ant l%a*s %n t/e pipeline an* minimises t/e p%ssibility %+ *ama(e t% t/e pipeline-
4*4 Tren'/in( e2uipment s/all be e2uippe* ,it/ su++i'ient instrumentati%n t% ensure t/at *ama(e an*
e:'essi)e pipe '%nta't is a)%i*e*-
4*8 Spe'ial 'are s/all be ta&en *urin( tren'/in( %perati%ns %+ pi((y ba'& I bun*le pipelines. s% t/at strappin(
arran(ements ,ill n%t be *isturbe* I *ama(e* *urin( tren'/in(-
4*4 Tren'/in( s/all n%t *ama(e %r *ismantle t/e an%*es-
4*# @/ere me'/ani'al ba'&+illin( is re2uire*. it s/all be 'arrie* %ut in a manner t/at minimises t/e
p%ssibility %+ *ama(e %r *isturban'e t% t/e pipeline-
4*5 It s/all be ensure* t/at t/e tren'/in( met/%* +%r t/e (i)en pipeline submer(e* ,ei(/t an* s%il pr%perties
is a*e2uate t% a)%i* pipeline +l%atati%n *urin( tren'/in( an* ba'&+illin(-
4*& T/e tren'/in( e2uipment m%nit%rin( system s/all be 'alibrate* an* in'lu*e0
1 *e)i'es t% measure *ept/ %+ pipe
1 a m%nit%rin( system an* '%ntr%l system pre)entin( /%riJ%ntal l%a*s %n t/e pipeline %r *e)i'es t% measure
an* re'%r* all )erti'al an* /%riJ%ntal +%r'es imp%se* %n t/e pipeline by tren'/in( e2uipment. an* *e)i'es
t% measure t/e pr%:imity %+ t/e tren'/in( e2uipment t% t/e pipeline. /%riJ%ntally an* )erti'ally relati)e t%
t/e pipeline
1 un*er,ater m%nit%rin( systems enablin( t/e tren'/in( e2uipment %perat%r t% )ie, t/e pipeline an* seabe*
pr%+ile +%r,ar* an* a+t %+ t/e tren'/in( e2uipment
1 measurin( an* re'%r*in( *e)i'es +%r tren'/in( e2uipment t%, +%r'e
1 *e)i'es m%nit%rin( pit'/. r%ll. *ept/. /ei(/t an* spee* %+ t/e tren'/in( e2uipment-
4*2 7et sle*s s/all /a)e a '%ntr%l an* m%nit%rin( system +%r t/e p%siti%n %+ t/e Gettin( arms an* t/e %)er/ea*
+rame. /%riJ%ntally an* )erti'ally relati)e t% t/e pipeline- T/e l%'ati%n %+ t/e sle* s/all n%t be '%ntr%lle* by t/e
+%r'e bet,een sle* an* pipeline- De)i'es in*i'atin( tensi%n in t/e t%, line an* s/%,in( t/e *ept/ %+ t/e tren'/
s/all be installe*-
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $5$
4*: An all%,able ran(e %+ )alues. in*i'ate* by t/e measurin( *e)i'es %+ t/e tren'/in( e2uipment. s/all be
establis/e*- T/e p%ssibility %+ *ama(e t% '%atin( s/all be '%nsi*ere*- Durin( tren'/in( %perati%ns t/e
measurin( *e)i'es s/all be '%ntinu%usly m%nit%re*-
4)* A p%st-tren'/in( sur)ey s/%ul* be per+%rme* a+ter t/e tren'/in( in %r*er t% *etermine i+ t/e re2uire*
*ept/ %+ tren'/ an*I%r pipe /as been a'/ie)e* an* i+ any reme*ial ,%r& is re2uire*-
H #** 9!s%-ins%alla%i!n gra-el ins%alla%i!n
#*) 6aterial use* +%r (ra)el installati%n s/all meet t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements +%r spe'i+i' (ra)ity.
'%mp%siti%n an* (ra*in(-
#*4 3ra)el installati%n s/all be per+%rme* in a '%ntinu%us an* '%ntr%lle* manner- E:istin( in+rastru'ture
s/%ul* n%t be *isturbe* %r inter+ere* ,it/-
#*8 T/e (ra)el installati%n %perati%n s/all ensure re'ti+i'ati%n %+ all +ree spans t% meet t/e spe'i+ie*
re2uirements- S'%urin( e++e'ts s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
#*4 I+ t/e +all pipe te'/ni2ue is use* +%r (ra)el installati%n. minimum 'learan'es s/all be spe'i+ie* su'/ t/at
t/e +all pipe 'ann%t t%u'/ t/e pipeline %r any %t/er subsea installati%n %r t/e seabe*- Depl%yment %perati%ns
s/all be per+%rme* ,ell a,ay +r%m t/e pipeline %r any %t/er subsea installati%n- !e+%re t/e +all pipe is m%)e*
t% t/e installati%n l%'ati%n. t/e 'learan'e beneat/ t/e +all pipe s/all be )eri+ie*- T/e 'learan'e s/all be
'%ntinu%usly m%nit%re* *urin( (ra)el installati%n-
#*# T/e '%mplete* (ra)el installati%n s/all lea)e a m%un* %n t/e seabe* ,it/ a sm%%t/ '%nt%ur an* pr%+ile
an* a sl%pe n%t steeper t/an spe'i+ie*-
#*5 I+ t/e (ra)el installati%n is per+%rme* %)er 'able an* pipeline 'r%ssin(s. t/e (ra)el m%un* s/all pr%)i*e
t/e spe'i+ie* *ept/ %+ '%)er %)er b%t/ t/e 'r%ssin( an* t/e 'r%sse* pipeline- Durin( t/e (ra)el installati%n
%perati%ns inspe'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* ,it/ a s%nar sur)ey system %r ,it/ )i*e% ,/en )isibility is rest%re*.
t% *etermine t/e '%mpleteness an* a*e2ua'y %+ t/e installati%n-
#*& 8p%n '%mpleti%n %+ t/e (ra)el installati%n. a sur)ey s/all be per+%rme* t% '%n+irm '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e
spe'i+ie* re2uirements- T/e sur)ey s/all in'lu*e0
1 )i*e% %+ t/e pipeline len(t/ '%)ere*
1 'r%ss pr%+iles %+ t/e m%un* an* a*Ga'ent un*isturbe* seabe* at re(ular inter)als
1 len(t/ pr%+iles %+ t/e m%un*
1 '%n+irmati%n t/at minimum re2uire* burie* *ept/ is a'/ie)e*
1 '%n+irmati%n t/at ma:imum burial *ept/ is n%t e:'ee*e*
1 any e:istin( installati%ns an* t/eir )i'inity in %r*er t% ensure t/at t/e installati%nCs4 /a)e n%t su++ere*
*ama(e-
H 5** Gr!'% 6ags an" c!ncre%e $a%%resses
5*) %n'rete mattresses an* (r%ut ba(s s/all meet t/e spe'i+i'ati%n ,it/ re(ar* t% siJe. s/ape an* +le:ibility
%+ t/e material. l%'ati%n %+ +illin( p%ints. an* t/e spe'i+i' (ra)ity. '%mp%siti%n an* (ra*in( %+ (r%ut-
5*4 Pla'in( %+ (r%ut ba(s an* '%n'rete mattresses s/all be per+%rme* in a '%ntr%lle* manner. su'/ t/at t/e
ba(s %r mattresses are pla'e* as re2uire*- Restri'ti%ns %n )essel m%)ements *urin( t/e %perati%n s/all be (i)en-
5*8 Durin( t/e pla'in( %perati%ns. inspe'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* ,it/ a ROV-m%unte* )i*e% 'amera t%
*etermine t/e '%mpleteness an* a*e2ua'y %+ t/e installati%n-
5*4 8p%n '%mpleti%n %+ t/e pla'in( %perati%n. a sur)ey s/all be per+%rme* t% '%n+irm '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e
spe'i+ie* re2uirements- T/e sur)ey s/all as a minimum in'lu*e0
1 )i*e% %+ t/e '%mplete* ,%r&
1 'r%ss pr%+iles %+ t/e pla'e* ba(s %r mattresses an* a*Ga'ent un*isturbe* seabe* at re(ular inter)als
1 len(t/ pr%+iles %+ t/e pla'e* ba(s %r mattresses an* t/e seabe* at b%t/ si*es %+ t/e area-
;. Tie-in
; )** General
)*) T/e re2uirements %+ t/is subse'ti%n are appli'able t% tie-in %perati%ns usin( ,el*in( %r me'/ani'al
'%nne't%rs- T/e %perati%ns 'an be per+%rme* %nb%ar* a layin( )essel Cin ,/i'/ 'ase ,el*in( is t/e pre+erre*
met/%*4 %r un*er,ater-
)*4 Tie-in %perati%ns by means %+ /%t %r '%l* taps are subGe't t% spe'ial '%nsi*erati%n an* a(reement-
)*8 Operatin( limit '%n*iti%ns ,it/ re(ar* t% t/e seastate. 'urrent an* )essel m%)ements s/all be establis/e*-
8n'ertainty in ,eat/er +%re'ast s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $5&
; 4** Tie-in !(era%i!ns a6!-e 1a%er
4*) T/e p%siti%n %+ t/e tie-in s/all be )eri+ie* pri%r t% start %+ %perati%ns- A sur)ey s/all be per+%rme* t%
establis/ t/at t/e l%'ati%n is +ree %+ %bstru'ti%ns an* t/at t/e seabe* '%n*iti%ns ,ill permit t/e tie-in t% be
per+%rme* as spe'i+ie*-
4*4 Bi+tin( an* l%,erin( %+ t/e pipeline se'ti%ns s/all be analyse* t% *etermine t/e 'riti'al parameters an*
%perati%nal 'riteria +%r t/e %perati%n- riti'al parametersI%perati%nal 'riteria s/all be m%nit%re* '%ntinu%usly-
4*8 Bi+tin( arran(ements an* e2uipment s/all be *esi(ne* ta&in( int% a''%unt t/e 'riti'al parameters an*
%perati%nal 'riteria +%r t/e %perati%ns-
4*4 T/e %perati%n s/%ul* be m%nit%re* t% '%n+irm '%rre't '%n+i(urati%n %+ t/e pipeline se'ti%ns +r%m t/e
seabe* an* %nt% t/e )essel-
4*# T/e ali(nment an* p%siti%n %+ t/e tie-in en*s s/all be ,it/in t/e spe'i+ie* t%leran'es be+%re '%mpletin(
t/e tie-in-
4*5 Installati%n %+ me'/ani'al '%nne't%rs s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e 6anu+a'turerAs
pr%'e*ure- F%r +lan(e* '%nne'ti%ns /y*rauli' b%lt tensi%n e2uipment s/all be use*- Durin( all /an*lin(. li+tin(
an* l%,erin( int% t/e +inal p%siti%n. %pen +lan(e +a'es s/all be pr%te'te* a(ainst me'/ani'al *ama(e-
4*& A lea& test t% an internal pressure n%t less t/an t/e l%'al in'i*ental pressure s/%ul* be per+%rme* +%r all
me'/ani'al '%nne'ti%ns-
4*2 %rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n %+ t/e tie-in area s/all be per+%rme* an* inspe'te* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a''epte*
pr%'e*ures-
4*: A+ter '%mpleti%n %+ t/e tie-in. a sur)ey %+ t/e pipeline %n b%t/ si*es %+ t/e tie-in. an* %)er a len(t/
su++i'ient t% ensure t/at n% *ama(e /as %''urre*. s/%ul* be per+%rme*
4)* It s/all be )eri+ie* t/at t/e p%siti%n %+ t/e tie-in is ,it/in t/e tar(et area pri%r t% *eparture %+ t/e )essel
+r%m site- T/e pipeline stability s/all be ensure* an* a*e2uate pr%te'ti%n %+ pipeline pr%)i*e*-
4)) Re2uirements +%r *ry ,el*in( are (i)en in Appen*i: -
; 8** Tie-in !(era%i!ns 6el!1 1a%er
8*) In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements in Subse'ti%n I"00. t/e re2uirements bel%, are )ali* +%r tie-in %perati%ns
in)%l)in( un*er,ater a'ti)ities-
8*4 Di)in( an* un*er,ater %perati%ns s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a(ree* pr%'e*ures +%r n%rmal
an* '%ntin(en'y situati%ns '%)erin( appli'able re2uirements-
8*8 Re2uirements +%r un*er,ater /yperbari' *ry ,el*in( are (i)en in Appen*i: -
>. 9re-c!$$issi!ning
> )** General
)*) All ,%r& %n t/e submarine pipeline system. in'lu*in( 'r%ssin(s. tren'/in(. (ra)el installati%n. arti+i'ial
ba'&+ill. subsea assemblies. riser installati%n. tie-in. as-built sur)ey et'-. s/%ul* be '%mplete* be+%re pre-
'%mmissi%nin( a'ti)ities '%mmen'es-
)*4 Disp%sal %+ 'leanin( an* test +lui*s s/all be per+%rme* in a manner minimisin( *an(er t% t/e
en)ir%nment- Any *isp%sal %+ +lui*s s/all be in '%mplian'e ,it/ re2uirements +r%m Nati%nal Aut/%rities-
)*8 Re2uirements +%r e2uipment. t/e e:tent %+ testin( an* preparati%n +%r %perati%n. per+%rman'e %+ tests an*
preparati%n +%r %perati%n an* ass%'iate* a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be *e+ine*- T/e e:tent %+ pr%'e*ures t% be
prepare* an* 2uali+ie* s/all be spe'i+ie*-
)*4 All %perati%ns an* tests s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a(ree* pr%'e*ures-
> 4** Wa%er+illing= cleaning an" ga'ging
4*) leanin( an* (au(in( may be '%mbine* ,it/ t/e initial +l%%*in( %+ t/e pipeline. be run as a separate
%perati%n. %r be '%mbine* ,it/ t/e ,el* sp/ere rem%)al a+ter '%mpleti%n %+ /yperbari' tie-in-
4*4 Appr%priate measures s/all be ta&en t% ensure t/at any suspen*e* an* *iss%l)e* substan'es in t/e +lui*
use* +%r 'leanin( %perati%n are '%mpatible ,it/ t/e pipe material an* internal '%atin( Ci+ applie*4. an* t/at
*ep%sits are n%t +%rme* ,it/in t/e pipeline-
4*8 Fillin( %+ t/e submarine pipeline system ,it/ ,ater s/%ul* be per+%rme* in a '%ntr%lle* manner. usin(
,ater be/in* %ne %r m%re pi(s- T/e pi(Cs4 s/all be 'apable %+ pr%)i*in( a p%siti)e airI,ater inter+a'e-
%nsi*erati%ns s/all be (i)en t% pre-+illin( )al)e b%*y 'a)ities ,it/ an inert li2ui*. unless t/e )al)es /a)e
pr%)isi%n +%r pressure e2ualisati%n a'r%ss t/e )al)e seats- All )al)es s/all be +ully %pen *urin( line +illin(- A
pi( tra'&in( system an* t/e use %+ ba'&-pressure t% '%ntr%l t/e tra)el spee* %+ t/e pi( s/all be '%nsi*ere* i+
steep (ra*ients %''ur al%n( t/e pipeline r%ute-
!ec.$% (onstruction - ffshore - 0age $5'
4*4 @ater t% be use* +%r +l%%*in( s/%ul* /a)e a minimum 2uality '%rresp%n*in( t% +iltrati%n %+ =0m. an*
suspen*e* matters s/%ul* n%t /a)e an a)era(e '%ntent e:'ee*in( "0 (Im
#
-
4*# I+ ,ater 2uality %r t/e ,ater s%ur'e is un&n%,n. ,ater samples s/all be analyse* an* suitable a'ti%ns
s/all be ta&en t% rem%)e an*I%r in/ibit /arm+ul substan'es-
4*5 I+ ,ater is t% remain in t/e pipeline +%r an e:ten*e* peri%* %+ time. '%nsi*erati%n s/all be (i)en t% '%ntr%l
%+ ba'terial (r%,t/ an* internal '%rr%si%n by '/emi'al treatment Csee Se'-> D#0"4-
4*& A**e* '%rr%si%n in/ibit%rs. any '/emi'al a**iti)es li&e %:y(en s'a)en(ers. bi%'i*es. *yes. et'- s/all be
'%nsi*ere* +%r p%ssible /arm+ul intera'ti%ns sele'te* t% ensure +ull '%mpatibility an* t/eir impa't %n t/e
en)ir%nment *urin( an* a+ter *isp%sal %+ t/e test ,ater s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
4*2 T/e submarine pipeline system s/all be 'leane*- T/e pipeline 'leanin( '%n'ept s/all '%nsi*er0
1 pr%te'ti%n %+ pipeline '%mp%nents an* +a'ilities Ce-(- )al)es4 +r%m *ama(e by 'leanin( +lui*s an* pi(s
1 testin( *e)i'es su'/ as is%lati%n sp/eres et'-
1 rem%)al %+ substan'es t/at may '%ntaminate t/e pr%*u't t% be transp%rte*
1 parti'les an* resi*ue +r%m testin( an* mill s'ale
1 %r(anisms an* resi*ue resultin( +r%m test +lui*s
1 '/emi'al resi*ue an* (els
1 rem%)al %+ metalli' parti'les t/at may a++e't +uture inspe'ti%n a'ti)ities-
4*: A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r 'leanin( s/all be establis/e* an* a(ree*-
4)* T/e submarine pipeline system s/all be (au(e*- T/e main purp%se %+ (au(in( t/e submarine pipeline
system is t% pr%)e t/at it is unli&ely t/at any *ama(es. *ent %r bu'&le e:ists in t/e submarine pipeline system.
an* t% pr%)i*e basis +%r +uture %perati%nal pi((in( a'ti)ities- T/e purp%se is +urt/er t% *%'ument t/at n%
e:'essi)e %)alisati%n e:'ee*in( t/e re2uirements in Se'-=. D1100 /as ta&en pla'e- T/e pre+erre* (au(in( is by
an Sintelli(entT (au(in( t%%l C'alliper pi(4- As an alternati)e a runnin( a pi( ,it/ a metalli' (au(e plate ,it/ a
*iameter %+ H=L %+ t/e lar(est n%minal inner *iameter. %r H<L %+ t/e minimum inner *iameter %+ t/e lar(est
n%minal inner *iameter- In 'ase a (au(e plate 'ann%t be use* *ue t% internal restri'ti%ns Ce-(- )ariati%ns in
*iameter. )al)es. ben*s et'-4 an Sintelli(entT (au(in( t%%l C'alliper pi(4 s/all be use*- @/en (au(in( is 'arrie*
%ut ,it/ an intelli(ent t%%l t/e t%leran'es %+ t/e *iameter measurements s/%ul* be less t/an 0-" mm an* t/e
*iameter rea*in(s s/%ul* be ma*e minimum ea'/ 10mm al%n( t/e entire pipeline len(t/- T/e t%%l s/all als% be
able t% rep%rt l%'ati%ns %+ t/e rea*in(s-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e minimum inner *iameter in'lu*in( un'ertainties 'an be establis/e* as0
D
min.t%t
? D
min
C1-+
0
I"4-"t
ma:
-"/
bea*
@/ere /
bea*
als% all%,s +%r p%ssible misali(nment-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4)) leanin( an* (au(in( train *esi(n in'lu*in( number an* type %+ pi(s. train )el%'ity s/all be *e'i*e*
base* up%n nee* +%r '/emi'al 'leanin(. type an* len(t/ %+ pipeline. steep (ra*ients al%n( t/e pipeline r%ute.
type %+ ser)i'e. '%nstru'ti%n met/%*. *%,nstream pr%'ess. p%tential 'leanin( an* (au(in( alrea*y per+%rme*
Csee in Se'-F F=0; an* Se'-F 31014 %r %t/er aspe'ts-
4)4 F%r 'leanin( %perati%ns ,/ere t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r 'leanin( are n%t +ul+ille*. a rerun %+ t/e 'leanin(
pi( train s/%ul* be per+%rme*-
4)8 I+ 'leanin( is per+%rme* %n separate se'ti%ns %+ t/e submarine pipeline system pri%r t% tie-in. a minimum
%+ %ne 'leanin( pi( s/%ul* be run t/r%u(/ t/e '%mplete* submarine pipeline system pri%r t%. %r *urin(. pr%*u't
+illin(-
4)4 On '%mpletin( %+ all tie-ins. a 'alliper pi( %r (au(e plate s/%ul* be run t/r%u(/ t/e submarine pipeline
system-
> 8** S7s%e$ (ress're %es%ing
8*) A pipeline system pressure test s/all be per+%rme* base* up%n t/e system test pressure *etermine*
a''%r*in( t% Se'-= !"0" unless t/e test is ,ai)e* as all%,e* by Se'-= !"0#- T/e '%mplete submarine pipeline
system s/%ul* be teste*-
8*4 T/e submarine pipeline system may be teste* as separate se'ti%ns pr%)i*e* t/at t/e tie-in ,el*s bet,een
se'ti%ns +ul+il t/e re2uirements in E#0>-
8*8 T/e pipeline se'ti%n un*er test s/all be is%late* +r%m %t/er pipelines an* +a'ilities- Pressure testin(
s/%ul* n%t be per+%rme* a(ainst in-line )al)es. unless p%ssible lea&a(e an* *ama(e t% t/e )al)e is '%nsi*ere*.
an* t/e )al)e is *esi(ne* an* teste* +%r t/e pressure test '%n*iti%n- !l%'&in( %++ %r rem%)al %+ small-b%re
bran'/es an* instrument tappin(s. s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere* t% a)%i* p%ssible '%ntaminati%n-
8*4 Temp%rary testin( e2uipment su'/ as en* 'l%sures. temp%rary pi(traps an* mani+%l*s. s/all be *esi(ne*
an* '%nstru'te* a''%r*in( t% a re'%(nise* '%*e an* ,it/ *esi(n pressure e2ual t% t/e pipeline *esi(n pressure-
Su'/ items s/all be in*i)i*ually pressure teste* t% at least t/e same test pressure as t/e pipeline-
8*# Instruments an* test e2uipment use* +%r t/e measurement %+ pressure. )%lume an* temperature s/all be
'alibrate* +%r a''ura'y. repeatability an* sensiti)ity- All instruments an* test e2uipment s/all p%ssess )ali*
'alibrati%n 'erti+i'ates. ,it/ tra'eability t% re+eren'e stan*ar*s ,it/in t/e > m%nt/s pre'e*in( t/e test- I+ t/e
instruments an* test e2uipment /a)e been in +re2uent use. 'alibrati%n spe'i+i'ally +%r t/e test s/%ul* be
per+%rme*-
8*5 3au(es an* re'%r*ers s/all be '/e'&e* +%r '%rre't +un'ti%n imme*iately be+%re ea'/ test- All test
e2uipment s/all be l%'ate* in a sa+e p%siti%n %utsi*e t/e test b%un*ary area-
8*& T/e test pressure s/all be measure* usin( a *ea* ,ei(/t tester %r a /i(/ a''ura'y pressure trans*u'er. in
a**iti%n t% a /i(/ a''ura'y lar(e *iameter pressure (au(e- Dea* ,ei(/t testers s/all n%t be use* be+%re a stable
'%n*iti%n is '%n+irme*. an* s/all n%t be use* %++s/%re ,/en p%siti%ne* %n a )essel- I+ a /i(/ a''ura'y pressure
trans*u'er is use*. it s/all /a)e a''ura'y t/at is better t/an ; times t/e tar(et pressure *r%p. i-e- 0-0=L- Time
/ist%ry %+ t/e test pressure s/all be re'%r*e*-
8*2 T/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements apply +%r instruments an* test e2uipment0
1 *ea* ,ei(/t testers s/all /a)e a ran(e %+ minimum 1-"= times t/e spe'i+ie* test pressure. an* s/all /a)e an
a''ura'y better t/an [0-1 bar an* a sensiti)ity better t/an 0-0= bar
1 t/e )%lume %+ ,ater a**e* %r subtra'te* *urin( a pressure test s/all be measure* ,it/ e2uipment /a)in(
a''ura'y better t/an [ 1-0L an* sensiti)ity better t/an 0-1L
1 temperature measurin( instruments an* re'%r*ers s/all /a)e an a''ura'y better t/an [1-0]. an* a
sensiti)ity better t/an 0-1]
1 pressure re'%r*ers an* temperature re'%r*ers s/all be use* t% pr%)i*e a (rap/i'al re'%r* %+ t/e pressure test
'%ntinu%usly +%r t/e t%tal *urati%n %+ t/e test-
8*: A '%rrelati%n t/at s/%,s t/e e++e't %+ temperature '/an(es %n t/e test pressure ,/ere rele)ant. s/all be
*e)el%pe* an* a''epte* pri%r t% startin( t/e test- Temperature measurin( *e)i'es. i+ use*. s/all be p%siti%ne*
'l%se t% t/e pipeline. an* t/e *istan'e bet,een t/e *e)i'es s/all be base* %n temperature (ra*ients al%n( t/e
pipeline r%ute-
8)* T/e test me*ium s/%ul* be ,ater meetin( t/e re2uirements (i)en in 7"00-
8)) T/e air '%ntent %+ t/e test ,ater s/all be assesse* by '%nstru'tin( a pl%t %+ t/e pressure a(ainst )%lume
*urin( t/e initial +illin( an* pressurisati%n. until a *e+inite linear relati%ns/ip is apparent. see Fi(ure1- T/is
s/%ul* be *%ne at #= bar pressure- T/e assesse* air '%ntent s/%ul* n%t e:'ee* 0-"L %+ t/e 'al'ulate* t%tal
)%lume %+ t/e pipeline un*er test- I+ t/e limit is e:'ee*e*. it s/all be *%'umente* t/at t/e am%unt %+ air. n%t
,ill in+luen'e t/e a''ura'y %+ t/e test si(ni+i'antly-
Fig're )
De%er$ina%i!n !+ -!l'$e !+ air
8)4 Pressurisati%n %+ t/e submarine pipeline system s/all be per+%rme* as a '%ntr%lle* %perati%n ,it/
'%nsi*erati%n +%r ma:imum all%,able )el%'ities in t/e inlet pipin(- T/e last =L up t% t/e test pressure s/all be
raise* at a re*u'e* rate t% ensure t/at t/e test pressure is n%t e:'ee*e*- Time s/%ul* be all%,e* +%r stabilisati%n
be+%re t/e test /%l* peri%* be(ins. in parti'ular ,/en testin( %perati%n %''urs *ire'tly p%st +l%%*in(I+lus/in(
%+ t/e pipeline system- Stabilisati%n time s/all be base* %n t/e +illin( ,ater temperature *i++eren'e ,it/
ambient temperature an* %n t/e p%ssible presen'e %+ t/ermal insulati%n-
8)8 T/e pressure le)el re2uirement +%r t/e system pressure test is (i)en in Se'-= !"0#-
8)4 T/e test pressure /%l* peri%* a+ter stabilisati%n s/all be /el* +%r a minimum "; /%urs-
8)# SubGe't t% a(reement s/%rter pressure /%l* peri%*s may be a''epte* +%r pipelines ,it/ test )%lumes less
t/an =000 m
#
- In t/ese 'ases t/e prin'iples %+ Se'-< 3 s/%ul* apply-
8)5 T/e pressure an* temperatures ,/ere rele)ant. s/all be '%ntinu%usly re'%r*e* *urin( t/e pressurisati%n.
stabilisati%n an* test /%l* peri%*s-
8)& Flan(es. me'/ani'al '%nne't%rs et'- un*er pressure s/%ul* be )isually inspe'te* +%r lea&s *urin( t/e
pressure test. eit/er *ire'tly %r by m%nit%rs-
8)2 T/e pressure test is a''eptable i+ t/e submarine pipeline system is +ree +r%m lea&s. an* t/e pressure
)ariati%n is ,it/in [ 0-"L %+ t/e test pressure- A pressure )ariati%n up t% an a**iti%nal [0-"L %+ t/e test
pressure is n%rmally a''eptable i+ t/e t%tal )ariati%n Ci-e- [ 0-;L4 'an be *%'umente* t% be 'ause* by
temperature +lu'tuati%ns %r %t/er,ise a''%unte* +%r- I+ pressure )ariati%ns (reater t/an [ 0-;L %+ t/e test
pressure are %bser)e*. t/e /%l*in( peri%* s/all be e:ten*e* until a /%l* peri%* ,it/ a''eptable pressure
)ariati%ns /as %''urre*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
%rresp%n*in( 'riteria +%r +le:ible pipes are %+ten less strin(ent- F%r a pipeline system '%mprisin( b%t/ ri(i* pipeline
an* +le:ible parts Ce-(- +le:ible riser %r +le:ible tail4. an e2ui)alent pressure )ariati%n 'riteri%n s/%ul* be *etermine*
by ,ei(/in( t/e 'riteria +%r t/e *i++erent parts ,-r-t- t/e )%lume %+ ,ater t/at t/ey '%ntain *urin( t/e system pressure
test-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8): De-pressurisati%n %+ t/e submarine pipeline system s/all be per+%rme* as a '%ntr%lle* %perati%n ,it/
'%nsi*erati%n +%r ma:imum all%,able )el%'ities in t/e pipeline an* t/e *is'/ar(e pipin(-
> 4** De-1a%ering an" "r7ing
4*) De-,aterin( s/%ul* be per+%rme* be+%re intr%*u'in( t/e pr%*u't +lui* int% t/e pipeline- Dryin( may be
re2uire* in %r*er t% pre)ent an in'rease in t/e '%rr%si%n p%tential %r /y*rate +%rmati%n. %r i+ %missi%n %+ *ryin(
is *eeme* t% /a)e an a*)erse e++e't %n t/e pr%*u't transp%rte*-
4*4 In 'ase t/e pr%*u't +lui* is intr%*u'e* pri%r t% *e-,aterin( t/e separati%n pi( train bet,een t/e test
me*ium an* t/e +lui* s/all be 2uali+ie* in %r*er t% a)%i* '%nta't bet,een t/e resi*ual test ,ater an* t/e pr%*u't-
4*8 Sele'ti%n %+ *e-,aterin( an* *ryin( met/%*s an* '/emi'als s/all in'lu*e '%nsi*erati%n %+ any e++e't %n
)al)e an* seal materials. any internal '%atin( an* trappin( %+ +lui*s in )al)e 'a)ities. bran'/ pipin(. instruments
et'-
> #** S7s%e$s %es%ing
#*) Pri%r t% +lui* pr%*u't +illin(. sa+ety an* m%nit%rin( systems s/all be teste* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a''epte*
pr%'e*ures- T/is in'lu*es testin( %+0
1 '%rr%si%n m%nit%rin( systems
1 alarm an* s/ut*%,n systems
1 sa+ety systems su'/ an* pi( trap interl%'&s. pressure pr%te'ti%n systems et'-
1 pressure m%nit%rin( systems an* %t/er m%nit%rin( an* '%ntr%l systems
1 %perati%n %+ pipeline )al)es-
?. D!c'$en%a%i!n
? )** General
)*) T/e *%'umentati%n %+ t/e %++s/%re '%nstru'ti%n in'lu*in( testin( %+ t/e submarine pipeline system s/all
be as a minimum in'lu*e t/at (i)en in Se'-1"-
. ;ns%alla%i!n $an'al
)** ;ns%alla%i!n $an'al
)*) Installati%n manual is *e+ine* as a *%'ument %r '%lle'ti%n %+ *%'uments re2uire* +%r per+%rmin( t/e pr%Ge't
spe'i+i' installati%n ,%r& in'lu*in( n%rmal %perati%ns an* '%ntin(en'y /an*lin(I%perati%ns an* a''eptan'e
'riteria- In 'ase t/e installati%n manual is a '%lle'ti%n %+ *%'uments. a master *%'ument s/all be prepare*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e installati%n manual is prepare* in %r*er t% *em%nstrate t/at met/%*s an* e2uipment use* by t/e %ntra't%r ,ill
meet spe'i+ie* re2uirements. an* t/at t/e results 'an be )eri+ie*- T/e installati%n manual ,ill /en'e in'lu*e all +a't%rs
t/at in+luen'e 2uality. reliability an* sa+ety %+ t/e installati%n ,%r&. in'lu*in( n%rmal an* '%ntin(en'y situati%ns. an*
,ill a**ress all installati%n steps. in'lu*in( e:aminati%ns an* '/e'& p%ints- T/e manual ,ill re+le't t/e results %+ t/e
ris& mana(ement stu*ies per+%rme* +%r t/e installati%n an* ,ill state re2uirements +%r t/e parameters t% be '%ntr%lle*
an* t/e all%,able ran(e %+ parameter )ariati%n *urin( t/e installati%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*4 T/e installati%n %ntra't%r s/all prepare an installati%n manual-
G'i"ance n!%eF
In 'ase se)eral %ntra't%rs are use*. t/e installati%n manuals s/all be /arm%nise*- A master installati%n manual may
be re2uire*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*8 T/e installati%n manual s/all be a(ree* bet,een %ntra't%r an* Operat%r. an* up*ate* an* re)ise* as
+%un* ne'essary-
)*4 T/e installati%n manual s/all '%ntain *%'umentati%n %+ +ul+ilment %+ all re2uirements in Se'-10-
)*# T/e installati%n manual s/all in'lu*e t/e +%ll%,in(0
1 2uality system manual
1 m%bilisati%n manual
1 '%nstru'ti%n manual
1 /ealt/. sa+ety an* en)ir%nment manual
1 emer(en'y prepare*ness manual-
)*5 T/e installati%n manual s/all '%)er0
1 %r(aniJati%n. '%mmuni'ati%ns an* rep%rtin(
1 na)i(ati%n an* p%siti%nin(. in'lu*in( an'/%rs an* an'/%r /an*lin( %r *ynami' p%siti%nin(
1 installati%n pr%'e*ures Csee B"004
1 pre-'%mmissi%nin( pr%'e*ures Csee B#004
1 '%ntin(en'y pr%'e*ures Csee B;004
1 sprea*. in'lu*in( m%*i+i'ati%ns an* up(ra*in(. i+ any
1 pipeline '%n+i(urati%n m%nit%rin(. p%siti%nin( an* '%ntr%l a'ti)ities. in'lu*in( re'%r*in( an* rep%rtin(
1 %peratin( limit '%n*iti%ns imp%se* by en)ir%nmental l%a*s
1 installati%n analyses in'lu*in( +ati(ue +%rmin( t/e basis +%r t/e %peratin( limit '%n*iti%ns
1 installati%n %+ in-line assemblies
1 %perati%ns in areas %+ parti'ular '%n'ern
1 limitati%ns imp%se* by stru'tural stren(t/ in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e *esi(n
1 2uali+i'ati%n %+ pers%nnel
1 essential )ariable in'lu*in( a''eptable limits-
G'i"ance n!%e )F
Areas %+ parti'ular '%n'ern may typi'ally in'lu*e s/ippin( lanes. e:istin( %r +uture subsea installati%n. s/%re appr%a'/
%r 'r%ssin(s-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
F%r t%,in( %perati%ns t/e installati%n manual s/all typi'ally in'lu*e a *es'ripti%n %+ t%,in( )esselCs4 in'lu*in(
'apa'ities. e2uipment an* instrumentati%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*& Essential )ariables an* t/eir a''eptable limits s/all be establis/e* +%r 'ases ,/ere )ariati%ns in manner
%+ per+%rman'e %+ an a'ti)ity may (i)e un*esirable results- Essential )ariables s/all as minimum be establis/e*
+%r0
1 All%,able )ariati%ns in '%n+i(urati%n '%ntr%l parameters ,/ere )ariati%ns bey%n* establis/e* limits may
'ause 'riti'al '%n*iti%ns *urin( installati%n
1 )ariati%ns in e2uipment settin(sIper+%rman'e t/at 'an 'ause %r a((ra)ate 'riti'al '%n*iti%ns
1 '/an(es in ,el*in( G%int *esi(n an* pr%'ess parameters bey%n* t/at all%,e* in Appen*i:
1 '/an(es in NDT met/%*. NDT e2uipment an* NDT e2uipment 'alibrati%n bey%n* t/at all%,e* in
Appen*i: D an* Appen*i: E
1 ,el* repair len(t/sI*ept/s in areas ,/ere t/e pipe is subGe't t% ben*in( m%mentsIa:ial stress- T/e
ma:imum len(t/I*ept/ %+ e:'a)ati%n s/all be *etermine* by stress analyses
1 +iel* G%int '%atin( pr%'e*ure
1 %peratin( limit '%n*iti%ns
1 any %t/er re2uirement *ue t% t/e nature %+ t/e %perati%ns-
)*2 T/e )ali*ity %+ t/e installati%n manual is limite* t% t/e lay-)esselIsprea* ,/ere t/e 2uali+i'ati%n ,as
per+%rme* an* t% t/e pipeline %r se'ti%n %+ pipeline in 2uesti%n-
4** ;ns%alla%i!n (r!ce"'res
4*) T/e installati%n %ntra't%r s/all prepare installati%n pr%'e*ures-
G'i"ance n!%eF
In 'ase se)eral %ntra't%rs are use*. t/e installati%n pr%'e*ures s/all be /arm%nise*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e installati%n pr%'e*ures s/all be a(ree* bet,een %ntra't%r an* Operat%r. an* up*ate* an* re)ise*
as +%un* ne'essary-
4*8 T/e installati%n pr%'e*ures s/all *es'ribe t/e +%ll%,in(0
1 purp%se an* s'%pe %+ t/e a'ti)ity
1 resp%nsibilities
1 materials. e2uipment an* *%'uments t% be use*
1 /%, t/e a'ti)ity is per+%rme* in %r*er t% meet spe'i+ie* re2uirements an* a''eptan'e 'riteria
1 /%, t/e a'ti)ity is '%ntr%lle* an* *%'umente*-
4*4 T/e installati%n pr%'e*ures s/all '%)er all re2uirements in Se'-10-
4*# T/e +%ll%,in( pr%'e*ures s/all be establis/e*0
1 emer(en'y pr%'e*ures
1 m%bilisati%n pr%'e*ures
1 %perati%nal pr%'e*ures '%)erin( all p/ases %+ installati%n ,%r&
1 )eri+i'ati%n pr%'e*ures
1 ,el*in( an* NDT e2uipment an* pr%'e*ures in'lu*in( repair
1 pipe an* e2uipment /an*lin( an* li+tin(. /aulin(. sta'&in( an* st%ra(e pr%'e*ures
1 pipe tra'&in( pr%'e*ures
1 pre-'%mmissi%nin( an* '%mmissi%nin( pr%'e*ures-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Operati%nal pr%'e*ures may typi'ally in'lu*e '%n+i(urati%n an* ali(nment '%ntr%l. an'/%r /an*lin(. +iel* G%int
'%atin(. tensi%nin( /an*lin(. ROV '%ntr%l. an%*e atta'/ment. '%ntr%l %+ ,ei(/t an* bu%yan'y *istributi%n. '%ntr%l
%+ pipe r%tati%ns. installati%n %+ in-line assemblies. l%a*in( an* sp%%lin( pipe %nt% t/e reel. pipe strai(/tenin( an*
un*er,ater %perati%ns-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8** 9re-c!$$issi!ning (r!ce"'res
8*) T/e installati%n %ntra't%r s/all prepare pre-'%mmissi%nin( pr%'e*ures-
G'i"ance n!%eF
In 'ase se)eral %ntra't%rs are use*. t/e pre-'%mmissi%nin( pr%'e*ures s/all be /arm%nise*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*4 T/e pre-'%mmissi%nin( pr%'e*ures s/all be a(ree* bet,een %ntra't%r an* Operat%r. an* up*ate* an*
re)ise* as +%un* ne'essary-
8*8 T/e pre-'%mmissi%nin( pr%'e*ures s/all be prepare* +%r t/e pre-'%mmissi%nin( a'ti)ities %+ t/e
submarine pipeline system. '%)erin( all testin( a'ti)ities t/at may be per+%rme*- T/e testin( s/all be '%n*u'te*
t% )eri+y t/at t/e submarine pipeline system meet t/e re2uirements %+ t/is stan*ar*- T/e pre-'%mmissi%nin(
pr%'e*ures s/all '%ntain su++i'ient *etail t% enable +ull un*erstan*in( %+ testin( met/%*s an* pr%'e*ures.
in'lu*in( a''eptan'e 'riteria- It s/all als% pr%)i*e re+eren'es t% rele)ant spe'i+i'ati%ns. test plans an*
en(ineerin( *%'uments appli'able +%r t/e submarine pipeline system-
8*4 T/e pre-'%mmissi%nin( pr%'e*ures s/all state t/e type an* e:tent %+ )eri+i'ati%n. testin(. a''eptan'e
'riteria. re'%r*s. *%'umentati%n an* 'erti+i'ati%n re2uire* +%r t/e '%mp%nents %+ t/e submarine pipeline
system- It s/all als% pr%)i*e re+eren'es t% rele)ant spe'i+i'ati%ns. test plans an* en(ineerin( *%'uments
appli'able +%r t/e pipeline system-
4** C!n%ingenc7 (r!ce"'res
4*) T/e installati%n %ntra't%r s/all prepare '%ntin(en'y pr%'e*ures-
G'i"ance n!%eF
In 'ase se)eral %ntra't%rs are use*. t/e '%ntin(en'y pr%'e*ures s/all be /arm%nise*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e '%ntin(en'y pr%'e*ures s/all be a(ree* bet,een %ntra't%r an* Operat%r. an* up*ate* an* re)ise*
as +%un* ne'essary-
4*8 %ntin(en'y pr%'e*ures s/all be prepare* +%r all installati%n a'ti)ities-
G'i"ance n!%e )F
%ntin(en'y pr%'e*ures may typi'ally in'lu*e +ailure %+ *ynami' p%siti%nin( system. +ailure %+ an'/%rs %r an'/%r
lines. '%atin( repair. an%*e repair. +ailure %+ tensi%nin( system. ROV brea&*%,n. brea&*%,n %+ p%siti%nin( system.
,eat/er '%n*iti%ns in e:'ess %+ %peratin( limit '%n*iti%ns. t/ir* party marine a'ti)ity an* 'riti'al %r emer(en'y
situati%ns i*enti+ie* in F6EA %r HAUOP stu*ies-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G'i"ance n!%e 4F
F%r installati%n met/%*s intr%*u'in( plasti' strains restri'ti%ns t% p%tential '%ntin(en'y 'y'li' plasti' l%a*in( s/all be
*es'ribe*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
!ec.$$ perations and *bandonment - 0age $56
SECT;ON ))
O9ERAT;ONS AND A3ANDONMENT
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is se'ti%n pr%)i*es minimum re2uirements +%r t/e sa+e an* reliable %perati%n %+ submarine pipeline
systems +%r t/e ,/%le ser)i'e li+e ,it/ its main +%'us %n t/e pipeline inte(rity mana(ement system an* t/e
pipeline inte(rity mana(ement pr%'ess-
)*4 Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r inte(rity mana(ement %+ submarine pipeline systems is (i)en in DNV-RP-
F11>-
A 4** Sc!(e an" a((lica%i!n
4*) T/e inte(rity mana(ement system '%mprises a '%re inte(rity mana(ement pr%'ess an* a number %+
supp%rt elements Csee Fi(ure 1 an* 1004-
Fig're )
;n%egri%7 $anage$en% s7s%e$
4*4 T/e '%re pipeline inte(rity mana(ement pr%'ess is t/e '%mbine* pr%'ess %+ t/reat i*enti+i'ati%n. ris&
assessments. plannin(. m%nit%rin(. inspe'ti%n. maintenan'e et'- t% maintain pipeline inte(rity-
4*8 Operatin( sa+ely is interprete* as %peratin( t% meet t/e limit state 'riteria as establis/e* in *esi(n an*
up*ate* t/r%u(/ t/e pr%Ge't p/ases an* ser)i'e li+e-
4*4 T/e PI6 prin'iples an* met/%*%l%(y are appli'able t% pipeline systems in (eneral-
A 8** S7s%e$a%ic re-ie1 !+ ris0s
8*) T/e %)erall re2uirement t% systemati' re)ie, %+ ris&s in Se'-" is '%mplie* ,it/ t/r%u(/ t/e Ris&
Assessment an* Inte(rity 6ana(ement CI64 Plannin( a'ti)ity t/at is part %+ t/e inte(rity mana(ement pr%'ess
E see A"0" an* D"00-
A 4** Res(!nsi6ili%ies
4*) Pipeline inte(rity mana(ement is t/e resp%nsibility %+ t/e Pipeline Operat%r- T/e Pipeline Operat%r nee*s
t% ensure t/at t/e inte(rity %+ t/e pipeline is n%t '%mpr%mise*-

!ec.$$ perations and *bandonment - 0age $6%
4*4 At all times *urin( t/e %perati%nal li+e %+ t/e pipeline system. resp%nsibilities must be 'learly *e+ine*
an* all%'ate*-
A #** A'%h!ri%7 an" (i(eline !(era%!r re<'ire$en%s
#*) T/e rele)ant nati%nal re2uirements s/all be i*enti+ie* an* ensure* t/at t/ey are '%mplie* ,it/-
#*4 T/e rele)ant Pipeline Operat%r re2uirements s/%ul* be '%mplie* ,it/ ,/en plannin( an* per+%rmin(
pipeline inte(rity mana(ement a'ti)ities-
A 5** Sa+e%7 (hil!s!(h7
5*) T/e sa+ety p/il%s%p/y a*%pte* in *esi(n. an* '%nsistent ,it/ Se'-". s/all apply-
5*4 Desi(n an* %peratin( premises an* re2uirements s/all be i*enti+ie* pri%r t% start %+ %perati%n an*
up*ate* *urin( t/e ser)i'e li+e- T/ese premises an* re2uirements may be lin&e* t%0
1 pressure. temperature an* +l%, rate
1 +lui* '%mp%siti%n C'%ntent %+ ,ater. O
"
. H
"
S et'-4
1 san*
1 '%)er *ept/s
1 +ree spans len(t/ an* /ei(/t
1 pipeline '%n+i(urati%n Ce-(- sna&in(4
1 %t/ers-
A '/an(e in *esi(n basis ,ill in (eneral re2uire a re-2uali+i'ati%n. see E-
5*8 It s/all be )eri+ie* t/at *esi(n an* %peratin( premises an* re2uirements are +ul+ille*- I+ t/is is n%t t/e
'ase. appr%priate a'ti%ns s/all be ta&en t% brin( t/e pipeline system ba'& t% a sa+e '%n*iti%n-
5*4 A ris& base* pipeline inte(rity mana(ement p/il%s%p/y. ,/i'/ ta&es int% a''%unt b%t/ pr%bability %+
+ailure an* '%nse2uen'e %+ +ailure. s/%ul* be applie*-
3. C!$$issi!ning
3 )** General
)*) %mmissi%nin( is t/e set %+ a'ti)ities ass%'iate* ,it/ t/e initial +illin( %+ t/e pipeline system ,it/ t/e
+lui* t% be transp%rte*. an* is part %+ t/e %perati%nal p/ase- D%'umentati%n an* pr%'e*ures +%r '%mmissi%nin(
are spe'i+ie* in Se'-1" E-
)*4 T/is sub-se'ti%n s/all als% apply +%r pipeline re-'%mmissi%nin(-
3 4** Fl'i" +illing
4*) Durin( +lui* +illin(. 'are s/all be ta&en t% pre)ent e:pl%si)e mi:tures an*. in t/e 'ase %+ (as %r
'%n*ensate. t% a)%i* /y*rate +%rmati%n- T/e inGe'ti%n rate s/all be '%ntr%lle* s% t/at pressure an* temperature
*% n%t e:'ee* all%,able limits Cas (i)en in *esi(n %r re-2uali+i'ati%n4 +%r t/e pipeline material %r *e, p%int
'%n*iti%ns-
3 8** O(era%i!nal -eri+ica%i!n
8*) A+ter stable pr%*u'ti%n /as been rea'/e* it s/all be )eri+ie* t/at t/e %perati%nal limits are ,it/in *esi(n
'%n*iti%ns- Imp%rtant issues 'an be0
1 +l%, parameters Cpressure. temperature. et'-4
1 P-system
1 e:pansi%n
1 m%)ement
1 lateral sna&in(
1 +ree span an* e:p%sure-
8*4 S'/e*ulin( %+ t/e +irst inspe'ti%n %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness +%r pipelines *esi(ne* +%r inspe'ti%n pi((in( s/all
be e)aluate* base* %n t/e
1 '%rr%si)ity %+ t/e +lui*
1 e:pe'te* %perati%nal parameters
1 r%bustness %+ t/e internal '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n system Cin/ibit%r system4
1 '%rr%si%n all%,an'e use* in t/e *esi(n
1 e++e'ti)eness %+ t/e 5AI5 system applie* *urin( +abri'ati%n an* '%nstru'ti%n. an*
1 *e+e't siJin( 'apabilities %+ t/e inspe'ti%n t%%l t/at ,ill be use* *urin( %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline-
!ec.$$ perations and *bandonment - 0age $6$
C. ;n%egri%7 Manage$en% S7s%e$
C )** General
)*) T/e Pipeline Operat%r s/all establis/ an* maintain an inte(rity mana(ement system ,/i'/ '%mplies ,it/
rele)ant aut/%rity re2uirements Csee A=004 an* in'lu*es t/e +%ll%,in( elements as a minimum Csee Fi(ure 140
1 Pipeline Operat%r p%li'y
1 %r(anisati%n an* pers%nnel
1 mana(ement %+ '/an(e
1 %perati%nal '%ntr%ls an* pr%'e*ures
1 '%ntin(en'y plans
1 rep%rtin( an* '%mmuni'ati%n
1 au*it an* re)ie,
1 in+%rmati%n mana(ement
1 t/e inte(rity mana(ement pr%'ess Csee D4-
T/e '%re %+ t/e inte(rity mana(ement system is t/e inte(rity mana(ement pr%'ess- T/e %t/er elements mainly
supp%rt t/is '%re pr%'ess-
)*4 D%'uments +%r t/e %perati%nal p/ase are spe'i+ie* in Se'-1"-
)*8 Spe'i+i'ati%n %+ ,%r& pr%'esses s/%ul* be t/e basis +%r *e+initi%n %+ pr%'e*ures-
)*4 T/e *etaile* pr%'e*ures +%r %perati%n. inspe'ti%ns an* repairs s/all be establis/e* pri%r t% start-up %+
%perati%n-
)*# Pr%'e*ures '%)erin( n%n-r%utine %r spe'ial a'ti)ities. s/all be prepare* as re2uire*. e-(- in 'ase %+ maG%r
repairs. m%*i+i'ati%ns et'-
C 4** 9i(eline !(era%!r (!lic7
4*) T/e Pipeline Operat%r p%li'y +%r pipeline inte(rity mana(ement s/%ul* set t/e )alues an* belie+s t/at t/e
Pipeline Operat%r /%l*s. an* (ui*e pe%ple in /%, t/ese are t% be realiJe*-
C 8** Organisa%i!n an" (ers!nnel
8*) T/e r%les an* resp%nsibilities %+ pers%nnel in)%l)e* in inte(rity mana(ement %+ t/e pipeline system s/all
be 'learly *e+ine*-
8*4 Resp%nsibility inter+a'es bet,een *i++erent %r(anisati%n units is parti'ularly imp%rtant- Su'/ inter+a'es
s/all be mana(e* an* imp%rtant areas t/at nee* t% be /an*le* are0
1 ,ell *e+ine* battery limits
1 (%)ernment re(ulat%ry resp%nsibilities an* statut%ry re(ulati%ns
1 emer(en'y resp%nse. in'lu*in( '%ntin(en'y plannin( an* resp%n*in( t% emer(en'ies-
8*8 Trainin( nee*s s/all be i*enti+ie* an* trainin( s/all be pr%)i*e* +%r rele)ant pers%nnel in relati%n t%
mana(ement %+ pipeline inte(rity-
C 4** Manage$en% !+ change
4*) 6%*i+i'ati%ns %+ t/e pipeline system s/all be subGe't t% a mana(ement %+ '/an(e pr%'e*ure t/at must
a**ress t/e '%ntinuin( sa+e %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline system- D%'umentati%n %+ '/an(es an* '%mmuni'ati%n t%
t/%se ,/% nee* t% &n%, is essential-
4*4 I+ t/e %peratin( '%n*iti%ns are '/an(e* relati)e t% t/e *esi(n premises. a re-2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e pipeline
system a''%r*in( t% sub-se'ti%n E s/all be 'arrie* %ut-
C #** O(era%i!nal c!n%r!ls an" (r!ce"'res
#*) Rele)ant %perati%nal '%ntr%ls an* pr%'e*ures are0
1 start-up an* s/ut*%,n pr%'e*ures
1 'leanin( an* %t/er maintenan'e. e-(- pi((in(
1 '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l
1 m%nit%rin(
1 sa+ety e2uipment an* pressure '%ntr%l system-
#*4 6easures s/all be in pla'e t% ensure t/at 'riti'al +lui* parameters are &ept ,it/in t/e spe'i+ie* *esi(n
limits- As a minimum. t/e +%ll%,in( parameters s/%ul* be '%ntr%lle* %r m%nit%re*0
1 pressure an* temperature at inlet an* %utlet %+ t/e pipeline
1 *e, p%int +%r (as lines
1 +lui* '%mp%siti%n. +l%, rate. *ensity an* )is'%sity-
!ec.$$ perations and *bandonment - 0age $6&
#*8 All sa+ety e2uipment in t/e pipeline system. in'lu*in( pressure '%ntr%l an* %)er-pressure pr%te'ti%n
*e)i'es. emer(en'y s/ut*%,n systems an* aut%mati' s/%,*%,n )al)es. s/all be peri%*i'ally teste* an*
inspe'te*- T/e inspe'ti%n s/all )eri+y t/at t/e inte(rity %+ t/e sa+ety e2uipment is inta't an* t/at t/e e2uipment
'an per+%rm t/e sa+ety +un'ti%n as spe'i+ie*-
#*4 Sa+ety e2uipment in '%nne'tin( pipin( systems s/all be subGe't t% re(ular testin( an* inspe'ti%n-
#*# F%r pressure '%ntr%l *urin( n%rmal %perati%ns. see Se'-# D"00-
#*5 Operati%nal '%ntr%l s/all ensure t/at *esi(n temperature limits are n%t e:'ee*e*- I+ t/e *esi(n is base*
%n a '%nstant temperature al%n( t/e ,/%le r%ute. '%ntr%l %+ inlet temperature ,ill be su++i'ient- I+ t/e *esi(n is
base* %n a temperature pr%+ile +%r t/e pipeline. a**iti%nal measures may be re2uire*-
C 5** C!n%ingenc7 (lans
5*) Plans an* pr%'e*ures +%r emer(en'y situati%ns s/all be establis/e* an* maintaine* base* %n a systemati'
e)aluati%n %+ p%ssible s'enari%s-
C &** Re(!r%ing an" c!$$'nica%i!n
&*) A plan +%r rep%rtin( an* '%mmuni'ati%n t% empl%yees. mana(ement. aut/%rities. 'ust%mers. publi' an*
%t/ers s/all be establis/e* an* maintaine*- T/is '%)ers b%t/ re(ular rep%rtin( an* '%mmuni'ati%n. an*
rep%rtin( in '%nne'ti%n ,it/ '/an(es. spe'ial +in*in(s. emer(en'ies et'-
C 2** A'"i% an" re-ie1
2*) Au*its an* re)ie,s %+ t/e pipeline inte(rity mana(ement system s/all be '%n*u'te* re(ularly-
2*4 T/e +%'us in re)ie,s s/%ul* be %n0
1 e++e'ti)eness an* suitability %+ t/e system
1 impr%)ements t% be implemente*-
2*8 T/e +%'us in au*its s/%ul* be %n0
1 '%mplian'e ,it/ re(ulat%ry an* Pipeline Operat%r re2uirements
1 re'ti+i'ati%ns t% be implemente*-
C :** ;n+!r$a%i!n $anage$en%
:*) A system +%r '%lle'ti%n %+ /ist%ri'al *ata. an in-ser)i'e +ile. s/all be establis/e* an* maintaine* +%r t/e
,/%le ser)i'e li+e. see Se'-1" A10# an* Se'-1" F"01- T/e in-ser)i'e +ile ,ill typi'ally '%nsist %+ *%'uments.
*ata +iles an* *ata bases-
:*4 T/e in-ser)i'e +ile. t%(et/er ,it/ t/e DFI-resume. s/all be t/e basis +%r +uture inspe'ti%n plannin(-
:*8 T/e in-ser)i'e +ile an* t/e DFI-resume s/all be easily retrie)able in 'ase %+ an emer(en'y situati%n-
:*4 T/e *%'uments. *ata an* in+%rmati%n s/all be mana(e* as *es'ribe* in Se'-1" F an* 1" I-
D. ;n%egri%7 Manage$en% 9r!cess
D )** General
)*) T/e inte(rity mana(ement pr%'ess '%nsists %+ t/e +%ll%,in( steps Csee Fi(ure 140
a4 Ris& Assessment an* I6 Plannin( E B%n( term plannin( base* %n e)aluati%ns %+ t/reats an* t/e '%n*iti%n
%+ t/e pipeline system-
b4 Inspe'ti%n. 6%nit%rin( an* Testin( E Plan. '%n*u't an* *%'ument su'/ a'ti)ities-
'4 Inte(rity Assessment - Inte(rity assessment usin( re'%(nise* met/%*s an* base* %n *esi(n *ata an*
%perati%nal e:perien'e-
*4 6iti(ati%n. Inter)enti%n an* Repair - Assess nee* +%r. an* '%n*u't i+ nee*e*. inter)enti%n an* repair
a'ti)ities an* %t/er miti(atin( a'ti%ns-
T/is pr%'ess s/all be per+%rme* peri%*i'ally ,it/in re(ular inter)als-
)*4 T/e re2uirements +%r '%rr%si%n inspe'ti%n an* m%nit%rin(. an* t/e 'apability %+ %pti%nal te'/ni2ues.
s/all be e)aluate* at an early sta(e %+ pipeline system *esi(n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Pipelines an* risers manu+a'ture* +r%m %rr%si%n Resistant All%ys CRA4 *% n%t n%rmally re2uire inspe'ti%n an*
m%nit%rin( %+ internal '%rr%si%n- T/is must be e)aluate* in ea'/ parti'ular 'ase-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*8 An inspe'ti%n an* m%nit%rin( p/il%s%p/y s/all be establis/e*. an* s/all +%rm t/e basis +%r t/e *etaile*
!ec.$$ perations and *bandonment - 0age $6'
inspe'ti%n an* m%nit%rin( pr%(ram- T/e p/il%s%p/y s/all be e)aluate* e)ery = t% 10 years-
)*4 All inspe'ti%n an* m%nit%rin( re2uirements i*enti+ie* *urin( t/e *esi(n p/ase as a++e'tin( sa+ety an*
reliability *urin( %perati%n s/all be '%)ere* in t/e inspe'ti%n an* m%nit%rin( pr%(ram. see Se'-# D100 an*
Se'-= !#00-
)*# A spe'ial in)esti(ati%n s/all be per+%rme* in 'ase %+ any e)ent ,/i'/ impairs t/e sa+ety. reliability.
stren(t/ %r stability %+ t/e pipeline system- T/is in)esti(ati%n may initiate +urt/er inspe'ti%ns-
)*5 I+ me'/ani'al *ama(e %r %t/er abn%rmalities are *ete'te* *urin( t/e peri%*i' inspe'ti%n. a pr%per
e)aluati%n %+ t/e *ama(e s/all be per+%rme*. ,/i'/ may in'lu*e a**iti%nal inspe'ti%ns-
D 4** Ris0 assess$en% an" in%egri%7 $anage$en% (lanning - e-al'a%i!n !+ %hrea%s an" c!n"i%i!n
4*) An assessment %+ rele)ant ris&s by usin( 2ualitati)e an*I%r 2uantitati)e met/%*s s/all be per+%rme* an*
use* t% *e)el%p l%n( term plansIstrate(ies +%r t/e *i++erent inte(rity mana(ement a'ti)ities- Spe'i+i'
re2uirements ass%'iate* t% t/ese a'ti)ities ,it/ re(ar* t% su'/ l%n( term plansIstrate(ies are +%un* in D#00 t%
D=00-
4*4 Data +r%m *esi(n an* %perati%n is t/e basis +%r su'/ assessments-
4*8 T/reats s/all be systemati'ally i*enti+ie*. assesse* an* *%'umente* t/r%u(/%ut t/e %perati%nal li+etime-
T/is s/all be *%ne +%r ea'/ se'ti%n al%n( t/e pipeline an* +%r '%mp%nents- E:amples %+ typi'al t/reats are0
1 internal '%rr%si%n
1 e:ternal '%rr%si%n
1 +ree spans
1 bu'&les
1 impa't *ama(e-
A m%re t/%r%u(/ list %+ t/reats an* relate* *ama(es I an%malies is +%un* in DNV-RP-F11>-
4*4 A l%n( term inspe'ti%n pr%(ramme re+le'tin( t/e %)erall sa+ety %bGe'ti)e +%r t/e pipeline s/all be
establis/e*. an* s/all be maintaine*Iup*ate* %n a re(ular basis- T/e +%ll%,in( s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere*0
1 %perati%n '%n*iti%ns %+ t/e pipeline
1 '%nse2uen'es %+ +ailure
1 li&eli/%%* %+ +ailure
1 inspe'ti%n met/%*s
1 *esi(n an* +un'ti%n %+ t/e pipeline-
T/e l%n( term pr%(ram s/all state t/e p/il%s%p/y use* +%r maintainin( t/e inte(rity %+ t/e pipeline system an*
,ill +%rm t/e basis +%r t/e *etaile* inspe'ti%n pr%(ram in terms %+ inspe'ti%n met/%*s an* inter)als-
4*# T/e l%n( term inspe'ti%n pr%(ram s/all '%)er t/e entire pipeline system a''%r*in( t% t/e Pipeline
Operat%rAs e2uipment s'%pe in'lu*in( pipeline an* any '%mp%nents a''%r*in( t% t/e *e+initi%ns "H1. #;1
an* #;" in Se'-1-
D 8** ;ns(ec%i!n= $!ni%!ring an" %es%ing
!"ternal inspection / Pipeline configuration survey
8*) A pipeline '%n+i(urati%n sur)ey is a sur)ey t% *etermine t/e p%siti%n. '%n+i(urati%n an* '%n*iti%n %+ t/e
pipeline an* its '%mp%nents-
8*4 T/e start-up e:ternal inspe'ti%ns s/%ul* be '%mplete* ,it/in %ne year +r%m start %+ pr%*u'ti%n. see
!#00- In 'ase %+ si(ni+i'ant in'rease in temperature. pressure %r +l%, rate a+ter t/is +irst inspe'ti%n. t/e nee* %+
a**iti%nal inspe'ti%ns s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere*-
8*8 A *etaile* e:ternal inspe'ti%n plan in'lu*in( spe'i+i'ati%ns +%r t/e inspe'ti%ns s/all be prepare* +%r ea'/
sur)ey- T/e *etaile* inspe'ti%n plan s/%ul* be up*ate* base* %n pre)i%us inspe'ti%ns as re2uire*-
8*4 Pipeline systems t/at are temp%rarily %ut %+ ser)i'e s/all als% be subGe't t% peri%*i'al sur)ey-
8*# E:ternal Inspe'ti%n s/all be 'arrie* %ut t% ensure t/at t/e *esi(n re2uirements remain +ul+ille* an* t/at
n% *ama(e /as %''urre*- T/e inspe'ti%n pr%(ram s/%ul*. as a minimum. a**ress0
1 e:p%sure an* burial *ept/ %+ burie* %r '%)ere* lines. i+ re2uire* by *esi(n. re(ulati%ns %r %t/er spe'i+i'
re2uirements
1 +ree spans in'lu*in( mappin( %+ len(t/. /ei(/t an* en*-supp%rt '%n*iti%ns
1 '%n*iti%n %+ arti+i'ial supp%rts installe* t% re*u'e +ree span
1 l%'al seabe* s'%ur a++e'tin( t/e pipeline inte(rity %r atta'/e* stru'tures
1 san* ,a)e m%)ements a++e'tin( t/e pipeline inte(rity
1 e:'essi)e pipe m%)ements in'lu*in( e:pansi%n e++e'ts
1 i*enti+i'ati%n %+ areas ,/ere up/ea)al bu'&lin( %r e:'essi)e lateral bu'&lin( /as ta&en pla'e
1 inte(rity %+ me'/ani'al '%nne'ti%ns an* +lan(es
1 inte(rity %+ sub-sea )al)es in'lu*in( pr%te'ti)e stru'ture
1 R- an* Tee '%nne'ti%ns in'lu*in( pr%te'ti)e stru'ture
1 pipeline settlement in 'ase %+ e:p%se* pipeline. parti'ularly at t/e )al)eITee l%'ati%ns
1 t/e inte(rity %+ pipeline pr%te'ti%n '%)ers Ce-(- mattresses. '%)ers. san* ba(s. (ra)el sl%pes. et'-4
1 me'/ani'al *ama(e t% pipe. '%atin(s an* an%*es
1 maG%r *ebris %n. %r 'l%se t%. t/e pipeline t/at may 'ause *ama(e t% t/e pipeline %r t/e e:ternal '%rr%si%n
pr%te'ti%n system
1 lea&a(e-
8*5 T/e risers s/all be part %+ t/e l%n(-term e:ternal inspe'ti%n pr%(ramme +%r t/e pipeline system- In
a**iti%n t% t/e (enerally appli'able re2uirements +%r pipeline inspe'ti%n. spe'ial attenti%n s/all be (i)en t% t/e
+%ll%,in( elements +%r riser inspe'ti%ns0
1 riser *ispla'ement *ue t% pipeline e:pansi%n %r +%un*ati%n settlement
1 '%atin( *ama(e
1 te'/ni2ue +%r '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l %+ any risers in 'l%se* '%n*uits %r 7-tubes
1 e:tent %+ marine (r%,t/
1 e:tent %+ any pre)i%us *ama(e *ue t% '%rr%si%n
1 inte(rity an* +un'ti%nality %+ riser supp%rts an* (ui*es
1 inte(rity an* +un'ti%nality %+ pr%te'tin( stru'ture-
8*& T/e +re2uen'y %+ +uture e:ternal inspe'ti%ns s/all be *etermine* base* up%n an assessment %+0
1 aut/%rity an* Pipeline Operat%r re2uirements
1 *e(ra*ati%n me'/anisms an* +ailure m%*es
1 li&eli/%%* an* '%nse2uen'es %+ +ailure
1 results +r%m pre)i%us inspe'ti%ns
1 '/an(es in t/e %perati%nal parameters
1 re-2uali+i'ati%n a'ti)ity an* results
1 repair an* m%*i+i'ati%ns
1 subse2uent pipelay %perati%n in t/e )i'inity-
8*2 riti'al se'ti%ns %+ t/e pipeline system )ulnerable t% *ama(e %r subGe't t% maG%r '/an(es in t/e seabe*
'%n*iti%ns i-e- supp%rt an*I%r burial %+ t/e pipeline. s/all be inspe'te* e:ternally at s/%rt inter)als. n%rmally %n
an annual basis- T/e remainin( se'ti%ns s/%ul* als% be inspe'te*. ensurin( a +ull '%)era(e %+ t/e entire pipeline
system ,it/in a suitable peri%*. n%rmally n%t m%re t/an = years-
8*: F%r risers '%ntaine* in 7-tubes +ille* ,it/ n%n-'%rr%si)e +lui*. e:ternal inspe'ti%n %+ e:ternal '%rr%si%n
may n%t be re2uire* i+ a*e2uate pr%perties %+ t/e +lui* is )eri+ie* by peri%*i' testin(-
!"ternal inspection / Risers in the splash ,one and the atmospheric ,one
8)* In t/e splas/ J%ne an* in t/e atm%sp/eri' J%ne. *ama(e* an*I%r *isb%n*e* '%atin(s 'an 'ause se)ere
'%rr%si%n *ama(e- Risers 'arryin( /%t +lui*s are m%st )ulnerable t% su'/ *ama(e-
8)) In t/e splas/ an* atm%sp/eri' J%nes. )isual e:aminati%n %+ t/e '%atin( s/%ul* be per+%rme* in %r*er t%
assess t/e nee*s +%r pre)enti)e maintenan'e- !esi*es )isual in*i'ati%ns %+ *ire't *ama(e t% t/e '%atin(. e++e'ts
su'/ as rust *is'%l%rati%n an* bul(in( %r 'ra'&in( %+ t/e '%atin( are in*i'ati)e %+ un*er-rustin(- %atin(
systems ,/i'/ pre)ent 'l%se inspe'ti%n %+ un*er-'%atin( '%rr%si%n s/all re2uire spe'ial '%nsi*erati%n-
8)4 T/e +re2uen'y %+ t/e e:ternal inspe'ti%n in t/e splas/ J%ne %+ risers s/all be *etermine* base* %n t/e
+lui* 'ate(%ry. t/e line pipe material. '%atin( pr%perties an* any '%rr%si%n all%,an'e-
!"ternal inspection / Pipelines and risers in the submerged ,one
8)8 In t/e submer(e* J%ne. '%atin( mal+un'ti%ns are n%t 'riti'al unless t/ey are '%mbine* ,it/ *e+i'ien'y
in t/e 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n system-
8)4 T% a lar(e e:tent. inspe'ti%n %+ e:ternal '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n %+ pipelines an* risers ,it/ sa'ri+i'ial
an%*es 'an be limite* t% inspe'ti%n %+ t/e '%n*iti%n %+ an%*es- E:'essi)e an%*e '%nsumpti%n is in*i'ati)e %+
'%atin( *e+i'ien'ies. e:'ept 'l%se t% plat+%rms. templates an* %t/er stru'tures ,/ere 'urrent *rain may lea* t%
premature '%nsumpti%n %+ a*Ga'ent pipe an%*es-
8)# P%tential measurements %n an%*es. an* at any '%atin( *ama(e e:p%sin( bare pipe metal. may be 'arrie*
%ut t% )eri+y a*e2uate pr%te'ti%n- Ele'tri' +iel* (ra*ient measurements in t/e )i'inity %+ an%*es may be use*
+%r semi-2uantitati)e assessments %+ an%*e 'urrent %utputs-
8)5 F%r pipelines ,it/ impresse* 'urrent 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n systems. measurements %+ pr%te'ti%n p%tentials
s/all. at minimum. be 'arrie* %ut at l%'ati%ns 'l%sest t%. an* m%st rem%te +r%m. t/e an%*eCs4-
8)& A sur)ey %+ t/e e:ternal '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n system. s/%ul* be 'arrie* %ut ,it/in %ne year %+ installati%n-
'nternal inspection / 'n(line inspection
8)2 In-line inspe'ti%n is 'arrie* %ut in %r*er t% '%n+irm t/e inte(rity %+ t/e pipeline system. primarily by
means %+ in situ ,all t/i'&ness measurements-
G'i"ance n!%eF
8n-pi((able pipelines are subGe't t% separate e)aluati%ns an* alternati)e met/%*s-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8): In-line inspe'ti%n s/%ul* be 'arrie* %ut ,it/ a 'arrier t%%l CSinspe'ti%n pi(T4 'apable %+ inspe'tin( t/e
internal an* e:ternal sur+a'e %+ t/e pipeline al%n( its +ull 'ir'um+eren'e an* len(t/. %r a 'riti'al part t/ere%+-
84* T/e te'/ni2ue +%r *ete'ti%n %+ internal an*I%r e:ternal '%rr%si%n s/all be sele'te* base* %n
'%nsi*erati%ns %+ +lui*. linepipe material. *iameter an* ,all t/i'&ness. e:pe'te* +%rm %+ *ama(e. an*
re2uirements t% *ete'ti%n limits an* *e+e't siJin( 'apability- T/e latter s/all be *etermine* base* %n pipeline
*esi(n an* %perati%nal parameters-
84) an*i*ate %perat%rs %+ inspe'ti%n t%%ls s/%ul* be re2uire* t% *%'ument t/e 'apability %+ t/eir systems
,it/ respe't t% *ete'ti%n limits an* siJin( %+ rele)ant '%rr%si%n *e+e'ts Cin'lu*in( l%'alise* '%rr%si%n at (irt/
,el*s4 +%r t/e pipe *imensi%ns '%nsi*ere*-
844 T/e +re2uen'y %+ in-line inspe'ti%ns s/all be *etermine* base* %n +a't%rs su'/ as0
1 aut/%rity an* Pipeline Operat%r re2uirements
1 li&eli/%%* an* '%nse2uen'es %+ +ailure
1 p%tential '%rr%si)ity %+ +lui*
1 p%tential +%r *e)el%pment %+ e:ternal '%rr%si%n at /%t-sp%ts su'/ as riserCs4 an* lan*+allI%ns/%re pipeline se'ti%ns
1 *ete'ti%n limits an* a''ura'y %+ inspe'ti%n system
1 results +r%m pre)i%us sur)eys an* m%nit%rin(
1 '/an(es in pipeline %perati%nal parameters. et'-
See als% !#00-
848 Inspe'ti%n by spe'ial internal t%%ls may be use* t% *ete't e:ternal '%rr%si%n %+ risers an* pipelines in all
t/ree J%nes Catm%sp/eri' I splas/ I submer(e*4 in'lu*in( risers '%ntaine* in 7-tubes. i+ re2uire*-
'nternal %orrosion $onitoring
844 T/e %bGe'ti)e %+ m%nit%rin( internal '%rr%si%n is t% '%n+irm t/at t/e +lui* remains n%n-'%rr%si)e %r. m%re
%+ten. t% assess t/e e++i'ien'y %+ any '%rr%si%n pre)enti)e measures. an* a''%r*in(ly t% i*enti+y re2uirements
+%r inspe'ti%n %+ '%rr%si%n-
84# %rr%si%n m%nit%rin( as *e+ine* ab%)e *%es n%t n%rmally (i)e any 2uantitati)e in+%rmati%n %+ 'riti'al
l%ss %+ ,all t/i'&ness- Alt/%u(/ m%nit%rin( may be 'arrie* %ut as a'tual ,all t/i'&ness measurements in a
sele'te* area. it 'ann%t repla'e pipeline inspe'ti%n s'/emes t/at '%)er t/e pipeline system. %r se'ti%n t/ere%+.
in its +ull len(t/ an* 'ir'um+eren'e- On t/e %t/er /an*. inspe'ti%n te'/ni2ues +%r internal '%rr%si%n are n%t
n%rmally sensiti)e en%u(/ t% repla'e m%nit%rin(-
845 T/e +%ll%,in( maG%r prin'iples %+ '%rr%si%n m%nit%rin( may be applie*0
1 +lui* analysesO i-e- m%nit%rin( %+ +lui* p/ysi'al parameters an* samplin( %+ +lui* +%r '/emi'al analysis %+
'%rr%si)e '%mp%nents. '%rr%si%n retar*in( a**iti%ns %r '%rr%si%n pr%*u'ts
1 '%rr%si%n pr%besO i-e- ,ei(/t l%ss '%up%ns %r %t/er retrie)able pr%bes +%r peri%*i' %r %n-line *eterminati%n
%+ '%rr%si%n rates
1 in-situ ,all t/i'&ness measurements. i-e- repeate* measurements %+ ,all t/i'&ness at *e+ine* l%'ati%ns
usin( p%rtable %r permanently installe* e2uipment-
84& Te'/ni2ues an* e2uipment +%r '%rr%si%n m%nit%rin( s/all be sele'te* base* up%n0
1 m%nit%rin( %bGe'ti)es. in'lu*in( re2uirements +%r a''ura'y an* sensiti)ity
1 +lui* '%rr%si)ity an* t/e '%rr%si%n pre)enti)e measures t% be applie*
1 p%tential '%rr%si%n me'/anisms-
842 A typi'al maG%r %bGe'ti)e %+ '%rr%si%n m%nit%rin( is t% *ete't '/an(es in eit/er intrinsi' '%rr%si)ity %+
t/e +lui*. %r in t/e e++i'ien'y %+ t/e '%rr%si%n pre)enti%n measures- F%r pipelines 'arryin( *ry Ci-e- +ully
pr%'esse*4 (as. inspe'ti%n %+ internal '%rr%si%n may be p%stp%ne* pr%)i*e* t/at m%nit%rin( *em%nstrates t/at
n% '%rr%si)e li2ui*s /a)e entere* t/e pipeline. %r been +%rme* by '%n*ensati%n *%,nstream %+ t/e inlet-
Testing
84: Testin( a'ti)ities may be spe'i+ie* t% be 'arrie* %ut *urin( t/e %perati%nal p/ase- Su'/ a'ti)ities s/all
be planne*. e:e'ute*. re)ie,e* an* *%'umente*- Testin( a'ti)ities may e-(- '%mprise0
1 system pressure testin(
1 /y*r%stati' testin(
1 (as %r me*ia testin(
1 s/ut-in testin(-
Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r testin( *urin( %perati%n is (i)en in DNV-RP-F11>-
D 4** ;n%egri%7 assess$en%
4*) Pipeline systems ,it/ una''eptable *e+e'ts may be %perate* temp%rarily un*er t/e *esi(n '%n*iti%ns %r
re*u'e* %perati%nal '%n*iti%ns until t/e *e+e't /as been rem%)e* %r repair /as been 'arrie* %ut- It must.
/%,e)er. be *%'umente* t/at t/e pipeline inte(rity an* t/e spe'i+ie* sa+ety le)el is maintaine*. ,/i'/ may
in'lu*e re*u'e* %perati%nal '%n*iti%ns an*I%r temp%rary pre'auti%ns-
4*4 @/en a *e+e't is %bser)e*. an e)aluati%n s/all be per+%rme* in'lu*in(0
1 2uanti+y *etails %+ t/e *e+e't
1 i*enti+y 'ause %+ *e+e't
1 e)aluate a''ura'y an* un'ertainties in t/e inspe'ti%n results-
I+ t/e *e+e't is n%t a''eptable. t/en +urt/er e)aluati%ns in'lu*e0
1 %pti%ns +%r '%ntinue* %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline system
1 repair met/%*s-
4*8 In ea'/ 'ase a t/%r%u(/ e)aluati%n %+ t/e *e+e't an* t/e impa't %n sa+ety an* reliability +%r t/e %perati%n
%+ t/e pipeline s/all be per+%rme*- T/e re2uirements (i)en in t/e +%ll%,in( se'ti%ns re(ar*in( re2uire* a'ti%ns.
e-(- (rin*in( %r repla'ement. may be ,ai)e* i+ it 'an be *%'umente* t/at t/e spe'i+ie* sa+ety le)el +%r t/e
pipeline system is n%t impaire*-
4*4 De+e'ts t/at a++e't t/e sa+ety %r reliability %+ t/e pipeline s/all eit/er be rem%)e* by 'uttin( %ut t/e
*ama(e* se'ti%n %+ t/e pipe %r repaire* by l%'al rein+%r'ement- Alternati)ely. t/e pipeline may be permanently
re-2uali+ie* t% l%,er %perati%nal '%n*iti%ns see E an* Se'-=. e-(- re*u'e* pressure. ,/i'/ may all%, +%r
%mittin( repair-
&ree spans
4*# Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r +ree spannin( pipelines is (i)en in DNV-RP-F10=-
Global buc.ling
4*5 I+ t/e *esi(n is base* %n '%ntr%lle* (l%bal bu'&lin( in'lu*in( plasti' strains. t/e pipeline s/%ul* be
)eri+ie* base* %n establis/e* *esi(n limits an* '%n*iti%ns C'ur)atures. strains. ben*in( m%ment4- I+ une:pe'te*
(l%bal bu'&lin( %''urs. utilisati%n %+ t/e pipeline s/%ul* be e)aluate* base* %n rele)ant +ailure m%*es-
Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r (l%bal bu'&lin( %+ submarine pipelines is (i)en in DNV-RP-F110-
Grooves+ gouges+ crac.s and notches
4*& S/arp *e+e'ts li&e (r%%)es. (%u(es. an* n%t'/es s/%ul* pre+erably be rem%)e* by (rin*in( %r %t/er
a(ree* repair met/%*s- F%r (r%un* *e+e'ts ,/ere all s/arp e*(es are '%n+irme* as rem%)e*. t/e *e+e't 'an be
re(ar*e* as a sm%%t/ metal l%ss *e+e't. see D;0F-
$etal loss defects
4*2 6etal l%ss *e+e'ts 'ause* by e-(- '%rr%si%n. er%si%n. %r (rin* repair s/all be '/e'&e* +%r 'apa'ity-
Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r '%rr%*e* pipelines is (i)en in DNV-RP-F101-
ents
4*: A *ent is *e+ine* as a *epressi%n ,/i'/ pr%*u'es a (r%ss *isturban'e in t/e 'ur)ature %+ t/e pipe ,all-
F%r *ent a''eptan'e 'riteria. see Se'-= D1#00-
D #** Mi%iga%i!n= in%er-en%i!n an" re(airs
#*) E:amples %+ miti(ati%n. inter)enti%n an* repairs are0
a4 miti(ati%n0
1 restri'ti%ns in %perati%nal parameters Cpressure. temperature. +l%, rate. +lui* '%mp%siti%n et'-4
1 use %+ '/emi'al inGe'ti%ns-
b4 inter)enti%n0
1 r%'& *umpin(
1 installati%n %+ pipeline pr%te'ti%n
1 tren'/in(-
'4 repairs0
1 l%'al rein+%r'ement C'lamps et'-4
1 repla'ement %+ pipeline parts-
All miti(ati%n. inter)enti%n an* repairs s/all be *%'umente*-
#*4 Repair an* m%*i+i'ati%n s/all n%t impair t/e sa+ety le)el %+ t/e pipeline system bel%, t/e spe'i+ie* sa+ety
le)el-
#*8 All repairs s/all be 'arrie* %ut by 2uali+ie* pers%nnel in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a(ree* spe'i+i'ati%ns an*
pr%'e*ures. an* up t% t/e stan*ar* *e+ine* +%r t/e pipeline-
#*4 All repairs s/all be teste* an* inspe'te* by e:perien'e* an* 2uali+ie* pers%nnel in a''%r*an'e ,it/
a(ree* pr%'e*ures- NDT pers%nnel. e2uipment. met/%*s. an* a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be a(ree* up%n in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D-
#*# Depen*in( up%n t/e '%n*iti%n %+ t/e *ama(e. a temp%rary repair may be a''epte* until t/e permanent
repair 'an be 'arrie* %ut- I+ a temp%rary repair is 'arrie* %ut. it s/all be *%'umente* t/at t/e pipeline inte(rity
an* sa+ety le)el is maintaine* eit/er by t/e temp%rary repair itsel+ an*I%r in '%mbinati%n ,it/ %t/er pre'auti%ns-
#*5 Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r pipeline repair in (eneral is (i)en in DNV-RP-F11#-
Repair of dents
#*& A *ent a++e'tin( a ,el* 'an result in 'ra'&s. an* rem%)al %+ t/e *ama(e* p%rti%n %+ t/e pipe s/%ul* be
'%nsi*ere*- T/e *ama(e* part 'an be 'ut %ut as a 'ylin*er. %r repaire* by installin( a (r%ute* repair 'lamp. %r
a +ull en'ir'lement ,el*e* split slee)e %r b%lte* 'lamp ,/i'/ is *esi(ne* t% ta&e t/e +ull internal %peratin(
pressure
Repair of lea.s
#*2 Pri%r t% 'arryin( %ut a permanent repair %+ any lea&. t/e 'ause %+ t/e lea& s/all be establis/e*-
#*: T/e m%st suitable met/%* +%r repairin( a lea& in t/e pipe *epen*s up%n e-(- t/e pipe material. pipe
*imensi%ns. l%'ati%n %+ lea&. l%a* '%n*iti%ns. pressure an* temperature- T/e +%ll%,in( repair met/%*s may be
use*0
a4 T/e *ama(e* p%rti%n is 'ut %ut %+ t/e pipe as a 'ylin*er an* a ne, pipe sp%%l is installe* eit/er by ,el*in(
%r by a me'/ani'al '%nne't%r-
b4 lamps are installe*. an* ti(/tness is %btaine* by eit/er ,el*in(. +iller material. +ri'ti%n %r %t/er 2uali+ie*
me'/ani'al means-
#)* Bea&in( +lan(es an* '%uplin(s may be seale* by installin( a seal 'lamp '%)erin( t/e lea&in( +lan(e %r
'%uplin(. in'reasin( t/e b%lt pre-l%a*. %r repla'in( (as&ets an* seals- Pri%r t% in'reasin( t/e pre-l%a* in b%lts.
it s/all be *%'umente* by 'al'ulati%n t/at n% %)er-stressin( %''urs in b%lts. +lan(e %r (as&etIseals- In 'ase t/e
pre-l%a* in t/e b%lts is rem%)e*. e-(- *ue t% '/an(in( %+ (as&et. ne, b%lts s/all be use* +%r t/e +lan(e
'%nne'ti%n-
#)) All repair 'lamps. slee)es. pipe sp%%ls. an* me'/ani'al '%nne't%rs s/all be 2uali+ie* pri%r t% installati%n
an* lea& teste* a+ter installati%n-
Repair by welding
#)4 Repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ures. e2uipment an* ,el*ers s/all be 2uali+ie* as *es'ribe* in Appen*i: -
#)8 Repair ,el*in( ab%)e ,ater s/all be 'arrie* %ut as *es'ribe* in Appen*i: -
#)4 8n*er,ater ,el*in( s/all be 'arrie* %ut in a *ry /abitat. see Appen*i: -
#)# Repair ,el*in( may. in spe'ial 'ases. be 'arrie* %ut %n pipelines ,/ile %peratin(. *epen*in( %n pipe
material. pipe ,all t/i'&ness. +lui* type. pressure an* temperature- It s/all be *%'umente* t/at sa+ety +%r
'arryin( %ut t/e repair is a''eptable. an* a sa+ety pr%'e*ure s/all be establis/e*-
#)5 All repair ,el*s s/all be subGe't t% )isual an* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin(. see Appen*i: D- F%ll%,in( t/e
repair. pressure testin( may be re2uire* +%r t/e repaire* se'ti%n-
E. Re-<'ali+ica%i!n
E )** General
)*) T/e purp%se %+ t/is se'ti%n is t% *e+ine re-2uali+i'ati%n an* t% (i)e re2uirements +%r re-2uali+i'ati%n %+
pipeline systems-
)*4 Re-2uali+i'ati%n is a re-assessment %+ t/e *esi(n un*er '/an(e* *esi(n '%n*iti%ns-
)*8 A re-2uali+i'ati%n may be tri((ere* by a '/an(e in t/e %ri(inal *esi(n basis. by n%t +ul+illin( t/e *esi(n
basis. %r by mista&es %r s/%rt'%min(s /a)in( been *is'%)ere* *urin( n%rmal %r abn%rmal %perati%n- P%ssible
'auses may be0
a4 pre+eren'e t% use t/is stan*ar*. e-(- *ue t% re2uirements +%r /i(/er utilisati%n +%r e:istin( pipelines
b4 '/an(e %+ t/e premises0
1 en)ir%nmental l%a*s
1 *e+%rmati%ns
1 s'%ur-
'4 '/an(e %+ %perati%nal parameters0
1 pressure %r temperature
1 +lui* %r +lui* *ire'ti%n
1 '%rr%si)ity %+ t/e me*ium-
*4 *eteri%rati%n me'/anisms /a)in( e:'ee*e* t/e %ri(inal assumpti%ns0
1 '%rr%si%n rate. eit/er internal %r e:ternal
1 *ynami' resp%nses. '%ntributin( t% +ati(ue. ,/i'/ may be 'ause* by la'&in( supp%rts et'-
e4 e:ten*e* *esi(n li+e-
+4 *is'%)ere* *ama(e0
1 *ents
1 *ama(e t% pipeline pr%te'ti%n
1 ,el* *e+e'ts
1 '%rr%si%n relate* *e+e'ts
1 *ama(e t% an%*es-
E 4** A((lica%i!n
4*) @it/in t/e %ri(inal *esi(n li+e. an* ,it/%ut essential '/an(es in t/e manner %+ empl%yment Crepair et'-4.
t/e stan*ar* un*er ,/i'/ t/e pipeline ,as built may apply ,/en '%nsi*erin( in'i*ents. min%r m%*i+i'ati%ns %r
re'ti+i'ati%n %+ *esi(n parameters e:'ee*e* *urin( %perati%n- T/is stan*ar* an* ass%'iate* DNV '%*es may
alternati)ely be use*-
F%r maG%r m%*i+i'ati%ns %r %t/er instan'es n%t '%)ere* by t/e ab%)e para(rap/ t/is stan*ar* s/all apply- F%r
li+etime e:tensi%ns. re+eren'e is als% ma*e t% ISOITS 1"<;<. NORSOK R-00" an* NORSOK 8-00H-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e same sa+ety le)el s/all apply +%r li+etime e:tensi%ns %+ an e:istin( pipeline as ,%ul* apply +%r t/e *esi(n %+ a ne,
pipeline- T/e reas%n +%r re2uirin( use %+ t/is stan*ar* is in 'ase t/e %ri(inal stan*ar* use* +%r *esi(n is less strin(ent
t/an ne'essary t% meet t/e tar(et sa+ety le)els spe'i+ie* in t/is stan*ar*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
E 8** Sa+e%7 le-el
8*) A tar(et sa+ety le)el as *e+ine* in Se'-" =00 s/all apply +%r a re-2uali+i'ati%n assessment-
8*4 Operati%nal e:perien'e. e-(- '/an(e %+ %perati%nal '%n*iti%ns. inspe'ti%n re'%r*s an* m%*i+i'ati%ns.
s/all be '%nsi*ere* in a re-2uali+i'ati%n assessment-
E 4** S7s%e$ (ress're %es%
4*) System pressure testin( may be re2uire* ,/en0
1 t/e %ri(inal mill pressure test %r system pressure test *%es n%t satis+y re2uirements a''%r*in( t% t/is
stan*ar* at t/e ne, *esi(n pressure
1 a si(ni+i'ant part %+ t/e pipeline /as n%t been system pressure teste* e-(- ne, pipeline se'ti%n as part %+ a
m%*i+i'ati%n %r repair 'ampai(n C+%r %missi%n %+ system pressure test. see Se'-= !"0#4-
E #** De%eri!ra%i!n
#*) All rele)ant *eteri%rati%n an* *ama(e me'/anisms s/all be e)aluate*- Typi'al me'/anisms are0
a4 '%rr%si%n0
1 e:ternal '%rr%si%n
1 internal '%rr%si%n-
b4 er%si%n
'4 a''i*ental l%a*s
*4 *e)el%pment %+ +ree spans
e4 +ati(ue
+4 settlement-
#*4 Su++i'ient reliability %r sa+ety measures s/all be applie* t% a''%unt +%r t/e a''ura'y an* un'ertainties in
t/e inspe'ti%n results-
#*8 A''umulate* *ama(e e:perien'e* pri%r t% t/e re-2uali+i'ati%n s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e e)aluati%n-
E 5** Design cri%eria
5*) T/e parameters t/at tri((er t/e re-2uali+i'ati%n an* t/e impli'ati%n %+ '/an(es in t/ese parameters %n
*i++erent *esi(n '%n*iti%ns s/all be 'learly i*enti+ie* an* *%'umente*- F%r re-*esi(n %+ t/ese *esi(n '%n*iti%ns.
re+eren'e is ma*e t% Se'-=-
F. De-c!$$issi!ning
F )** General
)*) De-'%mmissi%nin( is t/e set %+ a'ti)ities ass%'iate* ,it/ ta&in( t/e pipeline temp%rarily %ut %+ ser)i'e-
)*4 Pipeline *e-'%mmissi%nin( s/all be planne* an* prepare*-
)*8 De-'%mmissi%nin( s/all be '%n*u'te* an* *%'umente* in su'/ a ,ay t/at t/e pipeline 'an be re-
'%mmissi%ne* an* put int% ser)i'e a(ain-
)*4 De-'%mmisi%nin( e)aluati%n s/all in'lu*e t/e +%ll%,in( aspe'ts0
1 rele)ant nati%nal re(ulati%ns
1 en)ir%nment. espe'ially p%lluti%n
1 %bstru'ti%n +%r s/ip tra++i'
1 %bstru'ti%n +%r +is/in( a'ti)ities
1 '%rr%si%n impa't %n %t/er stru'tures-
)*# De-'%mmissi%ne* pipelines s/all be preser)e* t% re*u'e e++e't +r%m *e(ra*ati%n me'/anisms-
)*5 Sub-se'ti%n ! s/all apply +%r pipeline re-'%mmissi%nin(-
G. A6an"!n$en%
G )** General
)*) Aban*%nment %+ a pipeline system '%mprises t/e a'ti)ities ass%'iate* ,it/ ta&in( t/e system I %r part %+
t/e system permanently %ut %+ %perati%n-
)*4 An aban*%ne* pipeline 'an n%t be returne* t% %perati%n-
)*8 Pipeline aban*%nment s/all be planne* an* prepare*-
)*4 Pipeline aban*%nment e)aluati%n s/all in'lu*e t/e +%ll%,in( aspe'ts0
1 rele)ant nati%nal re(ulati%ns
1 /ealt/ an* sa+ety %+ pers%nnel. i+ t/e pipeline is t% be rem%)e*
1 en)ir%nment. espe'ially p%lluti%n
1 %bstru'ti%n +%r s/ip tra++i'
1 %bstru'ti%n +%r +is/in( a'ti)ities
1 '%rr%si%n impa't %n %t/er stru'tures-
!ec.$& Documentation - 0age &%%
SECT;ON )4
DOCUMENTAT;ON
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is se'ti%n spe'i+ies t/e minimum re2uirements t% *%'umentati%n nee*e* +%r *esi(n. manu+a'turin( I
+abri'ati%n. installati%n. %perati%n an* aban*%nment %+ a pipeline system-
)*4 A Desi(n Fabri'ati%n Installati%n CDFI4 resumK. as *es'ribe* in H. s/all be establis/e* ,it/ t/e main
%bGe'ti)e bein( t% pr%)i*e t/e %perati%ns %r(anisati%n ,it/ a '%n'entrate* summary %+ t/e m%st rele)ant *ata
+r%m t/e *esi(n an* '%nstru'ti%n Cin'l- pre-'%mmissi%nin(4 p/ases Csee !. an* D4-
)*8 An in-ser)i'e +ile '%ntainin( all rele)ant *ata a'/ie)e* *urin( t/e %perati%nal p/ase %+ t/e pipeline
system an* ,it/ t/e main %bGe'ti)e t% systemise in+%rmati%n nee*e* +%r inte(rity mana(ement an* assessment
%+ t/e pipeline system s/all be establis/e* an* maintaine* +%r t/e ,/%le ser)i'e li+e Csee F"004-
)*4 F%r t/e *esi(n. +abri'ati%n an* installati%n p/ase. all re2uire* *%'umentati%n s/all be re+le'te* in a
master *%'ument re(ister C6DR4-
)*# T/e re2uire* *%'umentati%n +%r all p/ases %+ t/e pipeline systemNs li+etime s/all be submitte* t% t/e
rele)ant parties +%r a''eptan'e %r in+%rmati%n as a(ree*-
3. Design
3 )** S%r'c%'ral
)*) A *esi(n basis +%r t/e pipeline system s/all be establis/e*. in'lu*in(. but n%t limite* t%0
1 sa+ety %bGe'ti)e
1 pipeline system *es'ripti%n in'l- l%'ati%n. (eneral arran(ements. battery limits. inlet an* %utlet '%n*iti%ns
1 +un'ti%nal re2uirements in'lu*in( +iel* *e)el%pment restri'ti%ns. e-(- sa+ety barriers an* subsea )al)es
1 re2uirements t% repair an* repla'ement %+ pipeline se'ti%ns. )al)es. a'tuat%rs an* +ittin(s
1 pr%Ge't plans an* s'/e*ule. in'lu*in( planne* peri%* %+ t/e year +%r installati%n
1 *esi(n li+e in'lu*in( spe'i+i'ati%n %+ start %+ *esi(n li+e. e-(- installati%n. +inal '%mmissi%nin(. et'-
1 transp%rt 'apa'ity an* pipeline siJin( *ata
1 attenti%n t% p%ssible '%*e brea&s in t/e pipeline system
1 (e%metri'al restri'ti%ns su'/ as spe'i+i'ati%ns %+ '%nstant internal *iameter. re2uirement +%r +ittin(s.
)al)es. +lan(es an* t/e use %+ +le:ible pipe %r risers
1 pi((in( re2uirements su'/ as ben* ra*ius. pipe %)ality an* *istan'es bet,een )ari%us +ittin(s a++e'tin(
*esi(n +%r pi((in( appli'ati%ns
1 rele)ant pi((in( s'enari%s Cinspe'ti%n an* 'leanin(4
1 pi((in( +lui*s t% be use* an* /an*lin( %+ pi((in( +lui*s in b%t/ en* %+ pipeline in'lu*in( impa't %n pr%'ess
systems
1 t%p%(rap/i'al an* bat/ymetri'al '%n*iti%ns al%n( t/e inten*e* pipeline r%ute
1 (e%te'/ni'al '%n*iti%ns
1 en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns
1 %perati%nal '%n*iti%ns su'/ as pressure. temperature. +lui* '%mp%siti%n. +l%, rate. san* pr%*u'ti%n et'-
in'lu*in( p%ssible '/an(es *urin( t/e pipeline systemAs *esi(n li+e
1 prin'iples +%r stren(t/ an* in-pla'e analysis
1 '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l p/il%s%p/y
1 se'%n* an* t/ir* party a'ti)ities-
)*4 T/e purp%se %+ t/e *esi(n *%'umentati%n is t% ensure a reliable pipeline system- T/e *esi(n s/all be
a*e2uately *%'umente* t% enable se'%n* an*I%r t/ir* party )eri+i'ati%n- As a minimum. t/e +%ll%,in( items
s/all be a**resse*0
1 pipeline r%utin(
1 p/ysi'al an* '/emi'al '/ara'teristi's %+ +lui*
1 materials sele'ti%n
1 temperatureIpressure pr%+ile an* pipeline e:pansi%n
1 stren(t/ analyses +%r riser an* riser supp%rts
1 all rele)ant stren(t/ an* in-pla'e stability analyses +%r pipeline
1 rele)ant pipeline installati%n analysis
1 ris& analysis as appli'able
1 systemati' re)ie, %+ t/reats in %r*er t% i*enti+y an* e)aluate t/e '%nse2uen'es %+ sin(le +ailures an* series
!ec.$& Documentation - 0age &%$
%+ +ailures Csee Se'-" !#004
1 '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l Cinternal an* e:ternal4
1 pi((ability
1 installati%n an* '%mmissi%nin(-
)*8 Dra,in(s s/all be pr%)i*e* +%r t/e +abri'ati%n an* installati%n %+ t/e pipeline system. in'lu*in( but n%t
limite* t%0
1 pipeline r%ute *ra,in(s in'lu*in( in+%rmati%n %n. e-(- seabe* pr%perties an* t%p%l%(y. e:istin( an* +uture
plat+%rms. pipelinesI'ables. subsea ,ell /ea*s. s/ip lanes. et'-
1 ali(nment s/eets
1 *etaile* pipeline 'r%ssin( *ra,in(s
1 plat+%rm lay%ut *ra,in(s ,it/ risers. riser pr%te'ti%n systems. l%a*in( J%nes. b%at lan*in( areas. res'ue
areas. et'- as appli'able
1 sp%%l +abri'ati%n *ra,in(
1 %t/er '%mp%nents ,it/in t/e pipeline system C'%nne't%rs. pi((in( l%%ps et'-4
1 pipeline pr%te'ti%n *ra,in(s
1 riser an* riser 'lamp +abri'ati%n *ra,in(s
1 lan* %,ners/ip *etails-
3 4** ine(i(e an" (i(eline c!$(!nen%s .incl'"ing 1el"ing/
4*) T/e +%ll%,in( *%'umentati%n s/all be establis/e*0
1 material manu+a'turin( spe'i+i'ati%ns
1 ,el*in( an* NDT spe'i+i'ati%ns
1 material ta&e %++I*ata s/eets-
3 8** C!rr!si!n c!n%r!l s7s%e$s an" 1eigh% c!a%ing
8*) T/e +%ll%,in( *%'umentati%n s/all be establis/e*. as appli'able0
1 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n *esi(n rep%rt. see Se'-> D=0F
1 an%*e manu+a'turin( an* installati%n spe'i+i'ati%ns. see- Se'-H D an* E
1 %utline an%*e *ra,in(s
1 linepipe '%atin( appli'ati%n spe'i+i'ati%ns
1 +iel* G%int '%atin( spe'i+i'ati%nCs4
1 '%atin( +iel* repair spe'i+i'ati%nCs4
1 '%n'rete '%atin( spe'i+i'ati%n Ci+ appli'able4
1 '%rr%si%n m%nit%rin( system spe'i+i'ati%n
1 material ta&e %++I*ata s/eets-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n *esi(n rep%rt s/all pay attenti%n t% t/e lan*+all se'ti%n Ci+ any4 an* p%ssible intera'ti%n ,it/
t/e rele)ant %ns/%re P-system-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
3 4** ;ns%alla%i!n
4*) T/e +%ll%,in( *%'umentati%n s/all be establis/e*0
1 Failure 6%*e E++e't Analysis CF6EA4 an* HAUOP stu*ies Csee Se'-104
1 installati%n an* testin( spe'i+i'ati%ns an* *ra,in(s
1 @el*in( Pr%'e*ure 5uali+i'ati%n C@P54 re'%r*s-
3 #** O(era%i!n
#*) De'isi%ns an* parameters /a)in( an impa't %n t/e %perati%nal p/ase %+ t/e pipeline system su'/ as0
1 %perati%n en)el%pe
1 e:ternal an* internal inspe'ti%n strate(ies in'l- pi((ability. ROV sur)eys
1 measurin( p%ints +%r in-situ ,all t/i'&ness measurements. ER-pr%bes. ,ei(/t l%ss '%up%ns. +lui*
m%nit%rin( et'-
s/all be emp/asise* an* *%'umente* in *esi(n-
#*4 As a minimum. t/e +%ll%,in( *%'umentati%n s/all be establis/e*0
1 pipeline inte(rity mana(ement strate(y '%)erin( strate(ies +%r '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l. inspe'ti%n an*
maintenan'e
1 emer(en'y resp%nse strate(y
1 emer(en'y repair '%ntin(en'y strate(y-
!ec.$& Documentation - 0age &%&
3 5** DF;-Res'$@
5*) T/e Desi(n part %+ t/e DFI-resumK s/all be establis/e* an* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements (i)en in H-
C. C!ns%r'c%i!n - Man'+ac%'ring an" Fa6rica%i!n
C )** ine(i(e an" (i(eline c!$(!nen%
)*) T/e *%'umentati%n t% be submitte* +%r re)ie, pri%r t% start %r *urin( start-up %+ manu+a'turin( s/all
in'lu*e. but n%t be limite* t%0
1 5uality Plan C5P4
1 6anu+a'turin( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%ns C6PS4 in'lu*in( test re2uirements an* a''eptan'e 'riteria
1 6anu+a'turin( Pr%'e*ure 5uali+i'ati%n Test C6P5T4 results
1 manu+a'turin( pr%'e*ures Ce-(- /y*r%stati' testin(. *imensi%nal measurements. me'/ani'al an* '%rr%si%n
testin( et'-4
1 @el*in( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%ns C@PS4. in'lu*in( pr%'e*ures +%r repair ,el*in(
1 @el*in( Pr%'e*ure 5uali+i'ati%n C@P54 re'%r*s
1 N%n Destru'ti)e Testin( CNDT4 pr%'e*ures
1 Pers%nnel 2uali+i'ati%n re'%r*s Ce-(- +%r ,el*ers an* NDT %perat%rs4
1 manu+a'turerAsI+abri'at%rAs 2uality system manual-
)*4 T/e as built *%'umentati%n t% be submitte* a+ter manu+a'turin( s/all in'lu*e. but n%t be limite* t%0
1 5uality %ntr%l C54 pr%'e*ures
1 Inspe'ti%n an* Test Plan CITP4
1 tra'eability pr%'e*ure
1 material 'erti+i'ates
1 6anu+a'turin( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%ns C6PS4 in'lu*in( test re2uirements an* a''eptan'e 'riteria
1 results +r%m 6P5T
1 test pr%'e*ures Ce-(- /y*r%stati' testin(. *imensi%nal measurements. me'/ani'al an* '%rr%si%n testin( et'-4
1 me'/ani'al test rep%rts
1 /y*r%stati' testin( rep%rt
1 ,el* l%( re'%r*s
1 '%nsumable bat'/ numbers
1 ,el*er 'erti+i'ates
1 /eat treatment re'%r*s
1 NDT pr%'e*ures an* re'%r*s
1 NDT %perat%r 'erti+i'ates
1 *imensi%nal rep%rts
1 e2uipment 'alibrati%n 'erti+i'atesIrep%rts
1 st%ra(e pr%'e*ures
1 release 'erti+i'ates
1 pipe tally s/eet
1 '%mplete statisti's %+ '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n. me'/ani'al pr%perties an* *imensi%ns +%r t/e 2uantity
*eli)ere*-
C 4** C!rr!si!n c!n%r!l s7s%e$ an" 1eigh% c!a%ing
4*) T/e *%'umentati%n t% be submitte* +%r re)ie, pri%r t% start %+ manu+a'turin( s/all in'lu*e. but n%t be
limite* t%0
1 appli'ati%nImanu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n. in'lu*in( inspe'ti%nItest re2uirements an* a''eptan'e
'riteria. repairs. *%'umentati%n. et'-
1 *%'umentati%n %+ materials an* '%n'rete mi: *esi(n
1 Pr%'e*ure 5uali+i'ati%n Trial CP5T4 results
1 Inspe'ti%n an* Testin( Plan CITP4 ,it/ re+eren'e* pr%'e*ures +%r inspe'ti%n. testin( an* 'alibrati%ns
1 an%*e *ra,in(s-
4*4 T/e as built *%'umentati%n t% be submitte* a+ter manu+a'turin( s/all in'lu*e. but n%t be limite* t%0
1 appli'ati%nImanu+a'turin( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n. in'lu*in( test re2uirements an* a''eptan'e 'riteria.
repairs. pers%nnel 2uali+i'ati%n re'%r*s. et'-
1 material *ata s/eets an* 'erti+i'ates
1 *aily l%(s in'lu*in( pr%*u'ti%n test re'%r*s
1 '%mplete statisti's %+ '%atin( *imensi%ns. ,ei(/t an* ne(ati)e bu%yan'y +%r t/e ea'/ G%int *eli)ere*
1 repair l%(
1 ele'tri'al resistan'e test l%(-
!ec.$& Documentation - 0age &%'
C 8** DF;-res'$@
8*) T/e 6anu+a'turin( I Fabri'ati%n part %+ t/e DFI-resumK s/all be establis/e* an* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e
re2uirements (i)en in H-
D. C!ns%r'c%i!n - ;ns%alla%i!n an" 9re-C!$$issi!ning
D )** General
)*) T/e *%'umentati%n t% be submitte* +%r re)ie, pri%r t% start %+ installati%n s/all in'lu*e. but n%t be
limite* t%0
1 installati%n pr%'e*ures +%r pipelines. risers. sp%%ls an* '%mp%nents in'lu*in( a''eptan'e 'riteria. test
'erti+i'ates +%r e2uipment. 2uali+i'ati%n re'%r*s +%r pers%nnel Ce-(- ,el*in(. '%atin(4. et'-
1 installati%n pr%'e*ures +%r pr%te'ti)e stru'tures Cas mattresses et'-4 an* pipeline an'/%rin( stru'tures
1 Installati%n 6anuals CI64 pr%'e*ures
1 tren'/in( spe'i+i'ati%n
1 inter)enti%n pr%'e*ure
1 sur)ey pr%'e*ure
1 /y*r%test pr%'e*ures
1 pre-'%mmissi%nin( pr%'e*ure. in'l- pr%'e*ures +%r *e,aterin(. 'leanin(. *ryin(. +l%%*in(. m%t/ballin(. et'-
1 +illin( %+ +lui* pr%'e*ures-
)*4 D%'umentati%n pr%*u'e* in '%nne'ti%n ,it/ t/e pressure testin( %+ t/e pipeline system s/all in'lu*e0
1 pressure an* temperature re'%r* '/arts
1 l%( %+ pressure an* temperatures
1 'alibrati%n 'erti+i'ates +%r instruments an* test e2uipment
1 'al'ulati%n %+ air '%ntent
1 'al'ulati%n %+ pressure an* temperature relati%ns/ip an* Gusti+i'ati%n +%r a''eptan'e
1 en*%rse* test a''eptan'e 'erti+i'ate-
)*8 T/e as built *%'umentati%n t% be submitte* a+ter installati%n an* pre-'%mmissi%nin( s/all in'lu*e. but n%t be
limite* t%0
1 sur)ey rep%rts
1 up*ate* *ra,in(s
1 inter)enti%n rep%rts
1 pre-'%mmissi%nin( rep%rts-
)*4 Re'%r*s an* *%'umentati%ns s/%ul* in'lu*e aut/%risati%ns an* permits t% %perate-
D 4** DF;-Res'$@
4*) T/e Installati%n Cin'l- pre-'%mmissi%nin(4 part %+ t/e DFI-resumK s/all be establis/e* an* in a''%r*an'e
,it/ t/e re2uirements (i)en in H-
E. O(era%i!n - C!$$issi!ning
E )** General
)*) As a part %+ t/e '%mmissi%nin( Csee Se'-11 !4 t/e *%'umentati%n ma*e a)ailable s/all in'lu*e. but n%t
be limite* t%0
a4 pr%'e*ure an* results +r%m +lui* +illin( %perati%ns ,it/ spe'ial emp/asis %n *esi(n parameters /a)in( an
impa't %n t/e inte(rity %+ t/e pipeline system su'/ as temperature. pressure an* *e, p%ints
b4 pr%'e*ures an* results +r%m %perati%nal )eri+i'ati%n a'ti)ities Ci-e- start-up inspe'ti%n4- Imp%rtant
parameters t% *%'ument are typi'ally0
1 e:pansi%n
1 m%)ement
1 (l%bal bu'&lin(
1 ,all t/i'&nessImetal l%ss-
'4 inspe'ti%n plans '%)erin( t/e +uture e:ternal an* internal inspe'ti%ns %+ t/e pipeline system-
!ec.$& Documentation - 0age &%1
F. O(era%i!n
F )** General
)*) In %r*er t% maintain t/e inte(rity %+ t/e pipeline system. t/e *%'umentati%n ma*e a)ailable *urin( t/e
%perati%nal p/ase s/all in'lu*e. but n%t be limite* t%0
1 %r(anisati%n '/art s/%,in( t/e +un'ti%ns resp%nsible +%r t/e %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline system
1 pers%nnel trainin( an* 2uali+i'ati%ns re'%r*s
1 /ist%ry %+ pipeline system %perati%n ,it/ re+eren'e t% e)ents ,/i'/ may /a)e si(ni+i'an'e t% *esi(n an*
sa+ety
1 installati%n '%n*iti%n *ata as ne'essary +%r un*erstan*in( pipeline system *esi(n an* '%n+i(urati%n. e-(-
pre)i%us sur)ey rep%rts. as-lai* I as-built installati%n *ra,in(s an* test rep%rts
1 p/ysi'al an* '/emi'al '/ara'teristi's %+ transp%rte* me*ia in'lu*in( san* *ata
1 inspe'ti%n an* maintenan'e s'/e*ules an* t/eir re'%r*s
1 inspe'ti%n pr%'e*ure an* results '%)erin( t/e inspe'ti%n aspe'ts *es'ribe* in Se'-11. in'lu*in( supp%rtin(
re'%r*s-
)*4 In 'ase %+ me'/ani'al *ama(e %r %t/er abn%rmalities t/at mi(/t impair t/e sa+ety. reliability. stren(t/
an* stability %+ t/e pipeline system. t/e +%ll%,in( *%'umentati%n s/all. but n%t be limite* t%. be prepare* pri%r
t% start-up %+ t/e pipeline0
1 *es'ripti%n %+ t/e *ama(e t% t/e pipeline. its systems %r '%mp%nents ,it/ *ue re+eren'e t% l%'ati%n. type.
e:tent %+ *ama(e an* temp%rary measures. i+ any
1 plans an* +ull parti'ulars %+ repairs. m%*i+i'ati%ns an* repla'ements. in'lu*in( '%ntin(en'y measures
1 +urt/er *%'umentati%n ,it/ respe't t% parti'ular repair. m%*i+i'ati%n an* repla'ement. as a(ree* up%n in
line ,it/ t/%se +%r t/e '%nstru'ti%n %r installati%n p/ase-
)*8 In 'ase %+ re-2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e pipeline system Csee Se'-11 E4. all in+%rmati%n relate* t% t/e re-
assessment pr%'ess %+ t/e %ri(inal *esi(n s/all be *%'umente*-
F 4** ;n-Ser-ice +ile
4*) T/e in-ser)i'e +ile. as *e+ine* in Se'-11 H00 s/all as a minimum '%ntain *%'umentati%n re(ar*in(0
1 results an* '%n'lusi%ns +r%m t/e in-ser)i'e inspe'ti%ns
1 a''i*ental e)ents an* *ama(es t% t/e pipeline system
1 inter)enti%n. repair. an* m%*i+i'ati%ns
1 %perati%nal *ata C+lui* '%mp%siti%n. +l%, rate. pressure. temperature et'-4 a++e'tin( '%rr%si%n an* %t/er
*eteri%rati%n me'/anisms-
G. A6an"!n$en%
G )** General
)*) Re'%r*s %+ aban*%ne* pipelines s/all be a)ailable an* s/all in'lu*e but n%t be limite* t%0
1 *etails %+ aban*%ne* pipelines %n lan* in'lu*in( r%ute maps. t/e siJe %+ t/e pipeline *ept/ %+ burial an* its
l%'ati%n relati)e t% sur+a'e +eatures
1 *etails %+ aban*%ne* %++s/%re pipelines. in'lu*in( na)i(ati%n '/arts s/%,in( t/e pipeline r%ute-
H. DF; Res'$@
H )** General
)*) A Desi(n Fabri'ati%n Installati%n CDFI4 ResumK s/all be prepare* t% pr%)i*e in+%rmati%n +%r %perati%n
%+ t/e pipeline system- T/e DFI resumK s/all 'learly s/%, t/e limits %+ t/e submarine pipeline system-
)*4 T/e DFI ResumK s/all re+le't t/e as-built status %+ t/e pipeline system an* s/all pr%)i*e in+%rmati%n +%r
preparati%n %+ plans +%r inspe'ti%n an* maintenan'e plannin(-
)*8 T/e DFI ResumK s/all spe'i+y *esi(n an* %peratin( premises an* re2uirements-
)*4 T/e DFI ResumK s/all '%ntain all *%'umentati%n re2uire* +%r n%rmal %perati%n. inspe'ti%ns an*
maintenan'e an* pr%)i*e re+eren'es t% t/e *%'umentati%n nee*e* +%r any repair. m%*i+i'ati%n %r re-
2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e pipeline system-
)*# T/e preparati%n %+ t/e DFI ResumK s/all be 'arrie* %ut in parallel. an* as an inte(rate* part. %+ t/e
*esi(n. +abri'ati%n an* installati%n p/ase %+ t/e pr%Ge't-
H 4** DF; res'$@ c!n%en%
4*) As a minimum. t/e DFI ResumK s/all '%ntain t/e bel%, liste* items0
System description
4*4 S/all in'lu*e a *es'ripti%n %+ t/e pipeline system in'lu*in(0
1 +inal *imensi%ns
1 +inal %perati%nal parameters
1 a table. +%r plannin( %+ +uture pi((in( %perati%ns. listin( all '%mp%nents in t/e system +r%m pi(trap t%
pi(trap- Key *ata li&e inner *iameter CID4. ben* ra*ius an* ,all t/i'&ness C@T4 s/%ul* be in'lu*e*. as ,ell
as re+eren'es t% a**iti%nal *%'umentati%n I *ra,in(s-
ocument filing system
4*8 S/all (i)e an %)er)ie, %+ as-built *%'umentati%n in'lu*in( *es'ripti%n %+ +ilin( system an* met/%*-
esign -asis
4*4 S/all (i)e a summary %+ t/e +inal *esi(n basis. %n ,/i'/ en(ineerin(. +abri'ati%n an* installati%n is
base*- Desi(n parameters %+ &ey imp%rtan'e +%r t/e %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline system s/%ul* be emp/asise*-
T/e +%ll%,in( parameters are '%nsi*ere* imp%rtant +%r t/e %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline system0
1 *esi(n li+e an* limitati%ns
1 *esi(n stan*ar*s
1 en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns
1 tabulate* (e%te'/ni'al parameters as use* in *esi(n
1 *esi(n pressure an* temperature
1 +l%, rate
1 +lui* '%mp%siti%n
1 '%rr%si%n all%,an'e
1 *ept/ %+ '%)er
1 material spe'i+i'ati%ns. '%)erin( pressure '%ntainin( e2uipment an* stru'ture
1 P-system Ci-e- an%*e *etails4
1 '%atin( system
1 +ati(ue *esi(n assumpti%ns in'l- +ree span 'riteria
1 in'i*ental pressure relie+ system
1 +l%, '%ntr%l te'/ni2ues an* re2uirements-
esign
4*# S/all in'lu*e a *esi(n a'ti)ity resumK. all en(ineerin( assumpti%ns an* assessments n%t liste* in t/e
*esi(n basis in a**iti%n t% appli'able *e)iati%ns an* n%n-'%n+%rman'es in'lu*in( a *es'ripti%n %+ p%ssible
impa't %n t/e %perati%nal p/ase-
%onstruction ( &abrication
4*5 S/all in'lu*e a manu+a'turin( I +abri'ati%n a'ti)ity resumK. re+eren'e t% spe'i+i'ati%ns. *ra,in(s et'-.
*is'ussi%n %+ pr%blem areas an* any *e)iati%ns +r%m spe'i+i'ati%ns an* *ra,in(s %+ imp%rtan'e +%r t/e
%perati%nal p/ase-
%onstruction ( 'nstallation
4*& S/all in'lu*e an installati%n a'ti)ity resumK. re+eren'e t% spe'i+i'ati%ns. *ra,in(s et'-. *is'ussi%n %+
pr%blem areas an* any *e)iati%ns +r%m spe'i+i'ati%ns an* *ra,in(s %+ imp%rtan'e +%r t/e %perati%nal p/ase-
%onstruction ( Pre(commissioning
4*2 S/all in'lu*e a pre-'%mmissi%nin( a'ti)ity resumK an* any results +r%m t/e pre-'%mmissi%nin( p/ase-
All appli'able *e)iati%ns an* n%n-'%n+%rman'es s/all be liste* in'lu*in( a *es'ripti%n %+ p%ssible impa't %n
t/e %perati%nal p/ase-
%ertificate and )uthority )pproval
4*: S/all in'lu*e a /ierar'/i'al %)er)ie, %+ issue* 'erti+i'ates. release n%tes an* aut/%rity appr%)als ,it/
re+eren'e t% items an* nature %+ any '%n*iti%nal appr%)als- T/e 'erti+i'ates. release n%tes an* aut/%rity
appr%)als s/all s/%, unambi(u%us re+eren'e t% appli'able stan*ar*s an* *%'uments. items '%)ere*. a''epte*
*e)iati%ns. 'erti+i'ati%n a'ti)ities an* '%n*iti%n +%r 'erti+i'ates-
Surveys
4)* S/all (i)e all en(ineerin( assumpti%ns an* assessments *ra,n +r%m t/e r%ute an* site sur)eys in a**iti%n
t% all appli'able as-installe* r%ute *ra,in(s-
'nspection+ $aintenance and Repair
4)) S/all in'lu*e an %)er)ie, %+0
1 i*enti+ie* areas *eeme* t% re2uire spe'ial attenti%n *urin( n%rmal %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline system
1 %perati%nal '%nstraints
eviations and 4on(%onformances
4)4 S/all in'lu*e a '%mplete list %+ ,ai)ers. *e)iati%ns an* n%n-'%n+%rman'es ,it/ spe'ial emp/asis %n
i*enti+ie* areas *eeme* t% re2uire spe'ial attenti%n *urin( n%rmal %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline system-
Selected rawings
4)8 S/all in'lu*e a '%mplete as-built *ra,in( list. in'lu*in( *ra,in(s +r%m sub-)en*%rs an* '%ntra't%rs.
,it/ re+eren'e t% t/e as-built +ilin( system- Sele'te* *ra,in(s +r%m t/e *esi(n. +abri'ati%n an* installati%n
p/ase. as0
1 *ra,in(s %+ spe'ial '%mp%nents
1 ali(nment s/eets
1 as-installe* r%ute *ra,in(s
s/all be in'lu*e*-
;. Filing !+ D!c'$en%a%i!n
; )** General
)*) 6aintenan'e %+ '%mplete +iles %+ all rele)ant *%'umentati%n *urin( t/e li+e %+ t/e pipeline system is t/e
resp%nsibility %+ t/e Pipeline Operat%r-
)*4 T/e DFI-resumK Csee H"004 an* all *%'umentati%n re+erre* t% in t/e DFI ResumK s/all by +ile* +%r t/e
li+etime %+ t/e system- T/is in'lu*es als% *%'umentati%n +r%m p%ssible maG%r repair %r re-'%nstru'ti%n %+ t/e
pipeline system-
)*8 T/e en(ineerin( *%'umentati%n n%t menti%ne* in I10" s/all be +ile* by t/e Pipeline Operat%r %r by t/e
en(ineerin( %ntra't%r +%r a minimum %+ 10 years-
)*4 Files t% be &ept +r%m t/e %perati%nal p/ase %+ t/e pipeline system s/all as a minimum in'lu*e +inal in-
ser)i'e CF"004 inspe'ti%n rep%rts +r%m start-up. peri%*i'al an* spe'ial inspe'ti%ns. '%n*iti%n m%nit%rin(
re'%r*s. an* +inal rep%rts %+ maintenan'e an* repair-
!ec.$' (ommentary :;nformative< - 0age &%4
SECT;ON )8
COMMENTARG .;NFORMAT;DE/
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
T/e %bGe'ti)e %+ t/is se'ti%n is t%0
1 (i)e ba'&(r%un* in+%rmati%n t% t/e re2uirements in t/e stan*ar*
1 (i)e (ui*an'e re+le'tin( (%%* en(ineerin( pra'ti'e-
T/e se'ti%n is in+%rmati)e %nly. an* s%me %+ t/e re'%mmen*ati%ns may n%t be +%un*e* %n t/%r%u(/ ,%r& but
en(ineerin( Gu*(ement %nly-
3. Sa+e%7 an" Design 9hil!s!(h7
3 )** Sa+e%7 class "isc'ssi!n
Sa+ety 'lass s/all be spe'i+ie* +%r ea'/ part %+ t/e pipeline an* +%r ea'/ p/ase- T/e 'lassi+i'ati%n s/all be base*
%n t/e re2uirements in Se'-"-
T/e sa+ety 'lass '%n'ept all%,s t/e %,ner s%me +le:ibility in terms %+ ris& ,/i'/ is b%t/ a reas%nable an*
rati%nal appr%a'/. e-(- t/is all%,s t/e %,ner t% *i++erentiate bet,een t/e *esi(n '%nser)atism +%r a +l%, line
,it/ a = year *esi(n li+e an* a trun& line ,it/ ;0 years *esi(n li+e-
T/e main aspe't ,/en *eterminin( t/e sa+ety 'lass is t/e '%nse2uen'e. typi'ally t% pe%ple. en)ir%nment an*
'%st- N%te t/at t/is '%nse2uen'e n%t ne'essarily is limite* t% +ailure %+ t/e '%nsi*ere* pipeline itsel+. but als%
t% its impa't %n t/e t%tal e:pl%rati%n- One su'/ e:ample may be re*u'ti%n in pr%*u'ti%n i+ a ,ater inGe'ti%n line
%r a system +%r ,aste ,ater +ails ,/i'/ +r%m an is%late* p%int %+ )ie, '%ul* be *e+ine* as sa+ety 'lass l%,-
An%t/er e:ample is *i++erentiati%n %+ temp%rary p/ases- A +ailure *urin( installati%n. n%rmally '%nsi*ere* as
sa+ety 'lass l%,. ,ill /a)e a si(ni+i'antly smaller '%nse2uen'e t/an a +ailure *urin( a s/ut-*%,n peri%* %+ t/e
pipeline. ,/ere b%t/ p%lluti%n an* time +%r repair are si(ni+i'antly m%re e:pensi)e an* time '%nsumin(- In 'ase
a ,et bu'&le %''urs *urin( installati%n an* t/e )essel *%es n%t /a)e t/e 'apa'ity t% /%l* %r e)entually retrie)e
t/e pipe. t/is may /a)e lar(e '%nse2uen'es as an%t/er )essel may /a)e t% retrie)e t/e pipe. an* /en'e t/is may
'all +%r a /i(/er sa+ety 'lass t/an l%,-
H%,e)er. t/e t%tal sa+ety may n%t al,ays be in'rease* by spe'i+yin( a /i(/er sa+ety 'lass- T/is may be t/e 'ase
,/en t/e m%st pr%bable 'ause %+ +ailure ,%ul* be *rau(/t %+ )essel. ,/ere t/e emp/asis s/%ul* be put %n
%peratin( pr%'e*ures an* ba'&-up- Durin( su'/ 'ir'umstan'es. it may n%t be re2uire* ,it/ a /i(/er sa+ety 'lass-
T/e ab%)e 'learly illustrates t/at Table "-; is +%r SN%rmalT 'lassi+i'ati%n %nly. as state*-
3 4** S%r'c%'ral relia6ili%7 anal7ses
Stru'tural reliability met/%*s '%nsi*er stru'tural analysis m%*els in '%nGun'ti%n ,it/ a)ailable in+%rmati%n
re(ar*in( t/e in)%l)e* )ariables an* t/eir ass%'iate* un'ertainties- T/e reliability as assesse* by reliability
met/%*s is n%t an %bGe'ti)e p/ysi'al pr%perty %+ t/e pipeline itsel+ in t/e (i)en %perati%nal an* en)ir%nmental
'%n*iti%n. but rat/er a n%minal measure %+ t/e reliability (i)en a parti'ular p/ysi'al an* pr%babilisti' m%*ellin(
an* analysis pr%'e*ure applie*-
Stru'tural reliability analysis is %nly %ne part %+ a t%tal sa+ety '%n'ept as (r%ss err%rs are n%t in'lu*e*- A (r%ss
err%r is *e+ine* as a /uman mista&e *urin( t/e *esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n %r %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline t/at may lea*
t% a sa+ety le)el +ar bel%, ,/at is n%rmally aime* +%r by use %+ a partial sa+ety +a't%r *esi(n +%rmat %r spe'i+i'
reliability analysis- In t/e +%ll%,in( %nly natural )ariability are *is'usse* an* t/e '%rresp%n*in( pr%babilities
are re+erre* t% as nominal t/r%u(/%ut t/is stan*ar*-
N%minal tar(et reliabilities /a)e t% be met in *esi(n in %r*er t% ensure t/at 'ertain sa+ety le)els are a'/ie)e*-
A pr%babilisti' *esi(n '/e'& 'an be per+%rme* usin( t/e +%ll%,in( *esi(n +%rmat0
P
+.'al'ulate*
M P
+.T

P
+.'al'ulate*
is t/e 'al'ulate* n%minal pr%bability %+ +ailure e)aluate* by a re'%(nise* Ca''epte*4 reliability
met/%* an* p
+.T
is a n%minal tar(et )alue t/at s/%ul* be +ul+ille* +%r a *esi(n t% be a''epte*-
A''eptable n%minal +ailure pr%babilities *epen* in (eneral %n t/e '%nse2uen'e an* nature %+ +ailure. t/e ris&
%+ /uman inGury. e'%n%mi' l%sses. s%'ial Cp%liti'al4 in'%n)enien'e an* t/e e:pense an* e++%rt re2uire* t%
re*u'e t/e +ailure pr%bability- T/e tar(et )alues ,ere pr%p%se* in t/e S8PER! pr%Ge't by Pr%+ess%r T%r(eir
6%an an* ,ere base* %n implie* +ailure pr%bability ,it/in *i++erent *esi(n e2uati%ns representin( *i++erent
ris&s as re+le'te* by t/e sa+ety 'lass-
T/e tar(et +ailure pr%bability is e:press as annual +ailure pr%bability ,/i'/ /as been *is'usse* in t/e in*ustry-
It s/all be interpret as Qprobability that a failure occurs in the period of one yearR-
Failure statisti's may be use* as (ui*an'e %n relati)e +ailure pr%bability le)els but %nly limite* in+%rmati%n
ab%ut spe'i+i' +ailure pr%bability +%r SBS. 8BS an* FBS 'an be *e*u'e* +r%m +ailure statisti's- Stru'tural
Cn%minal4 +ailure pr%bability +r%m a SRA is a n%minal )alue an* 'ann%t be interprete* as an e:pe'te* +re2uen'y
%+ +ailure-
3 8** Charac%eris%ic -al'es
In a BRFD +%rmat. s% 'alle* '/ara'teristi' )alues are use*- T/ese are %+ten l%,er +ra'tiles +%r stren(t/ an*
resistan'e. n%t al,ays /%,e)er. an* upper +ra'tiles +%r l%a*s- Typi'al e:amples %+ t/ese may be S6RS +%r t/e
yiel* stress an* 100-year ,a)es +%r l%a*s-
T/e '/ara'teristi' )alue in t/e resistan'e +%rmulas is a l%,er +ra'tile an* t/e e:pe'te* yiel* stress is typi'ally
in t/e %r*er %+ FL /i(/er- On '%mm%nly %)erl%%&e* impli'ati%n %+ t/is is t/at it is n%t all%,e* t% repla'e t/e
+
y
base* up%n a 'erti+i'ate %r test- Su'/ a repla'ement re2uires a t/%r%u(/ reliability assessment-
C. !a"s
C )** C!n-ersi!n !+ (ress'res
T/e pressure use* in t/e *esi(n 'riteria is n%, t/e in'i*ental pressure- T/e in'i*ental pressure is n%rmally
*e+ine* as t/e pressure ,it/ an annual pr%bability %+ e:'ee*an'e %+ 10
-"
-
T/e in'i*ental pressure is re+le'te* als% in many %t/er '%*es. re+erre* t% as in'i*ental pressure %r ma:imum
pressure an* all%,s typi'ally pressures 10L ab%)e t/e *esi(n pressure t% a''%unt +%r ,ater /ammer e++e't an*
%t/er n%t permanent pressures-
T/e in'i*ental pressure /as been use* as t/e '/ara'teristi' pressure C+%r e:treme +un'ti%nal l%a*s4 an* is
t/ere+%re use* in all t/e limit states %+ t/is stan*ar*- T/is is in '%ntra*i'ti%n ,it/ many %t/er '%*es t/at use t/e
*esi(n pressure %r t/e 6a:imum All%,able Operatin( Pressure- DNV /as sele'te* t/e in'i*ental pressure
base* %n stru'tural reliability ar(umentsO it is a m%re li&ely pressure in 'ase %+ +ailure-
T/e *e+initi%n %+ t/e in'i*ental pressure is i*enti'al ,it/ t/e "00< re)isi%n but t/e l%(i' /as been impr%)e* in
*es'ribin( t/e pressure. see Se'-# D"00-
T/e rati% bet,een t/e in'i*ental pressure an* *esi(n pressure s/all be *etermine* base* %n t/e Pipeline %ntr%l
an* Sa+ety System t%leran'es an* 'apabilities t% ensure t/at t/e l%'al in'i*ental pressure meets t/e (i)en
pr%bability %+ bein( e:'ee*e* ,it/in a year- T/is ,ill t/en in'lu*e simulati%n %+ t/e /y*rauli's %+ t/e me*ium-
I+ t/e pressure 'ann%t e:'ee* t/e in'i*ental pressure. e-(- +ull s/ut-in pressure is use* as in'i*ental pressure.
t/e *esi(n pressure may be ta&en as e2ui)alent t% t/e in'i*ental pressure. see Table #-1-
Di++erent systems may /a)e *i++erent *e+initi%ns %+ pressures. e-(- bet,een t%psi*e an* a pipeline system-
@/en '%n)ertin( t/e *e+ine* pressures in %ne system t% pressure in an%t/er system. t/e '%n)ersi%n s/all be
base* %n pressure /a)in( an annual pr%bability %+ e:'ee*an'e less t/an 10
-"
- T/is pressure s/all t/en be *e+ine*
as t/e in'i*ental pressure in t/e pipeline system- Determinati%n %+ *esi(n pressure s/all t/en be ma*e base* %n
t/e ab%)e prin'iples-
F%r pipeline systems ,it/ a t,% pea& annual e:treme pressure *istributi%n. spe'ial '%nsi*erati%ns are re2uire*-
Re+eren'e is (i)en t% D>00-
D. Design Cri%eria
D )** General
T/e basis +%r m%st %+ t/e (i)en limit states ,ere *e)el%pe* ,it/in t/e G%int in*ustry pr%Ge't S8PER! an* t/e
rep%rts may be b%u(/t +r%m Sinte+. N%r,ay- S%me results /a)e been publis/e*. e-(- 7ia% C1HH>4 an* 6Dr&
C1HH<4-
T/e S8PER! results ,ere in'%rp%rate* in DNV Rules +%r Submarine Pipeline Systems. 1HH> CDNVAH>4 an*
m%*i+ie* in %r*er t% all%, +%r a**iti%nal aspe'ts. n%t ne'essarily t% be '%nsi*ere* in a resear'/ pr%Ge't- Hen'e.
all limit states may n%t /a)e i*enti'al partial +a't%rs as in t/e S8PER! rep%rts-
In t/e "000 re)isi%n %+ t/is stan*ar*. t/e BRFD +%rmat ,as m%*i+ie* %n t/e resistan'e si*e as *es'ribe* in Se'-"
an* t/e limit states +r%m DNVAH> m%*i+ie* '%rresp%n*in(ly- T/e l%'al bu'&lin( +%rmulati%n in'lu*e* s%me
results +r%m t/e H%tpipe pr%Ge't. all%,in( a /i(/er utilisati%n %+ pressurise* pipes. see e-(- Vitali C1HHH4- In t/e
"00< re)isi%n. t/is ,as +urt/er impr%)e* t% all%, +%r /i(/er utilisati%n +%r pressurise* pipes- T/e '/ara'teristi'
pressure is n%, in'i*ental pressure +%r all limit states-
D 4** C!n"i%i!n l!a" e++ec% +ac%!rs
T/e l%a* '%n*iti%n +a't%r
? 1-0<. pipeline restin( %n une)en seabe* re+ers t% t/e l%a* e++e't un'ertainty *ue
t% )ariati%n in ,ei(/t. sti++ness. span len(t/ %r /ei(/ts- T/is implies t/at it is n%t appli'able +%r t/e sa( ben*
e)aluati%n *urin( installati%n %n une)en seabe*-
A

l%,er t/an unity is use* in DNV-RP-F110 +%r e:pansi%n an* (l%bal bu'&lin( *esi(n t% represent t/e
*e(ree %+ *ispla'ement '%ntr%l an* un'ertainties in. primarily. t/e pipe-s%il pr%perties-
D 8** Calc'la%i!n !+ n!$inal %hic0ness
T/e ne(ati)e +abri'ati%n t%leran'e is n%rmally (i)en as a per'enta(e %+ t/e n%minal t/i'&ness +%r seamless
pipes. an* as an abs%lute measure +%r ,el*e* pipes-
T/e pressure '%ntainment 'riteri%n (i)es a minimum re2uire* minimum ,all t/i'&ness. t
1
- Depen*in( %n t/e
+abri'ati%n t%leran'e +%rmat. t/e impli'ati%n %+ t/e '%rr%si%n all%,an'e ,ill be *i++erent- F%r a +abri'ati%n
t%leran'e (i)en as a per'enta(e. L t
+ab
. E2- C1#-14 applies-
%rresp%n*in(ly. t/e n%minal t/i'&ness base* %n an abs%lute +abri'ati%n t%leran'e. t
+ab
. is (i)en by E2- C1#-"4-
D 4** 9ress're c!n%ain$en% - e<'i-alen% +!r$a%
T/e +%rmat %+ t/e pressure '%ntainment resistan'e in Se'-= is (i)en in a BRFD +%rmat- T/is '%rresp%n*s t% t/e
tra*iti%nal +%rmat. ,/i'/ usually is e:presse* in terms %+ all%,able /%%p stress. is (i)en in E2- C1#-#4-
T/e *i++erential pressure is /ere (i)en as a +un'ti%n %+ t/e l%'al in'i*ental pressure- Intr%*u'in( a l%a* +a't%r.
in'
. re+le'tin( t/e rati% bet,een t/e in'i*ental pressure an* t/e *esi(n pressure. t/e +%rmula 'an be rearran(e*
+%r t/e re+eren'e p%int ab%)e ,ater. as (i)en in E2- C1#-;4-
Intr%*u'in( a usa(e +a't%r as (i)en in C1#-=4. t/e 'riteria 'an be (i)en as in E2- C1#->4 an* E2- C1#-<4-
T/e '%rresp%n*in( usa(e +a't%rs +%r
in'
? 1-10 are (i)en in Table 1#-#-
C1#-14
C1#-"4
C1#-#4
C1#-;4
C1#-=4
C1#->4
C1#-<4
Ta6le )8-8 KUsage +ac%!rsL +!r (ress're c!n%ain$en%
3tilisation
factor+
3
Safety %lass Pressure test
#ow $edium 1igh
1-00 0-F;<
#4
C0-F;#4
0-F0" 0->HF
14
0-H>
0-H> 0-F1#
#4
C0-F#F4
0-<< 0-><
"4
0-H>
14 In l%'ati%n 'lass 1. 0-F0" may be use*
"4 In l%'ati%n 'lass 1. 0-<< may be use*
#4 E++e'ti)ely t/is +a't%r sin'e t/e pressure test is (%)ernin(
t
t
<
t
corr
O
1 Lt
fab
E
---------------------- ?
t t
<
t
corr
t
f ab
O O ?
4 C
#
"
"
4 C
.
1
1
temp y
S% m
3
e li
f S$9S
t
t
p p

4 C
#
"
"
.
1
1
temp y
inc S% m
3
d
f S$9S
t
t
p

inc S% m
3

=
#
"
4 C
"
.
1
1
temp y d
f S$9S
t
t
p
4 C
1= - 1 "
.
1
1
temp u d
f S$TS
t
t
p

!ec.$' (ommentary :;nformative< - 0age &$%
D #** 9ress're c!n%ain$en% cri%eri!n= "esign (ress're less %han )*B 6el!1 %he inci"en%al (ress're
T/e '/ara'teristi' pressure ,/en *eterminin( t/e ,all t/i'&ness is t/e l%'al in'i*ental pressure- T/e submarine
pipeline system s/all /a)e a Pipeline %ntr%l an* Sa+ety System ,/i'/ ensures t/at t/ere is a pr%bability +%r
e:'ee*in( t/e l%'al in'i*ental pressure at any p%int in t/e system less t/an 10
-"
,it/in a year- I+ it 'an be
*%'umente* t/at t/e rati% bet,een in'i*ental an* *esi(n pressure.
in'
. 'an be re*u'e*. a '%rresp%n*in(
re*u'ti%n in ,all t/i'&ness 'an be a'/ie)e*. alternati)ely a /i(/er *esi(n pressure 'an be use*- F%r
/y*rauli'ally Ss%+terT systems li&e (as trun& lines. a
in'
%+ 1-0= is %+ten a'/ie)e*-
D 5** H;99S an" si$ilar s7s%e$s
A pipeline is *esi(ne* +%r a stati' pressure ,it/%ut all%,in( +%r t/e pressure l%ss al%n( t/e pipe unless t/e
pipeline is se'ti%nise* int% parts ,it/ *i++erent *esi(n pressure- Hen'e. t/e pipeline ,ill al,ays /a)e a pressure
*urin( n%rmal %perati%n l%,er t/an t/e *esi(n pressure *ue t% t/e pressure *r%p 'ause* by t/e +l%, %+ t/e +lui*-
F%r /i(/ pressure ,ells. t/is *%,nstream pressure may be re*u'e* %n purp%se by a '/%&e in %r*er t% enable a
l%,er pressure pipeline *%,nstream- T/is re*u'e* pressure is *epen*ent %n a '%nstant +l%, an* ,ill in'rease
t% t/e s/ut-in pressure in 'ase %+ bl%'&a(e *%,nstream-
A Hi(/ Inte(rity Pressure Pr%te'ti%n System CHIPPS4 ser)e t/e purp%se t% pr%te't t/e *%,nstream pipeline
+r%m t/e s/ut-in pressure by st%ppin( t/e +l%, in 'ase a pressure in'rease is e:perien'e C*ue t% s%me bl%'&in(
*%,n-stream4- T/e 'l%ser t/is bl%'&a(e is t% t/e HIPPS. t/e +aster ,ill t/e pressure in'rease %''ur- Hen'e. t/e
spee* %+ t/is HIPPS ,ill *etermine /%, l%n( part %+ t/e pipeline *%,nstream t/at n%t 'an be pr%te'te* but
*esi(ne* +%r t/e +ull s/ut-in pressure- T/is part is re+erre* t% as t/e +%rti+ie* J%ne-
In 'ase %+ +ailure %+ t/is HIPP system. t/e *%,nstream pipeline ,ill e:perien'e t/e +ull s/ut-in pressure- In
%r*er t% ta&e a*)anta(e %+ a HIPP system. t/e annual pr%bability %+ t/is t% /appen must be less t/an 10
-"
-
T/e resultin( annual e:treme pressure *istributi%n ,ill t/en be similar t% Fi(ure 1. a t,% pea& *istributi%n
,/ere t/e ri(/t pea& *es'ribes t/e pressure *istributi%n in 'ase %+ +ailure %+ t/e HIPPS-
Fig're )
Fr%m t/e e:ample in t/e +i(ure. it is e)i*ent t/at t/e %)er pressure s'enari% ,ill burst t/e pipeline Ca +a't%r "-=
times t/e in'i*ental pressure4-
F%r a +ailure pr%bability less t/an 10
-"
t/is %)er-pressure may be '%nsi*ere* as an a''i*ental limit state an* t/e
met/%*%l%(y in Se'-= D1000 may be use*- T/e ,all t/i'&ness ,ill t/en be t/e lar(er %+ t/e pressure
'%ntainment 'riteri%n base*0
1 %n t/e '/%&e pressure an*
1 t/e a''i*ental s'enari% %+ t/e s/ut-in pressure-
@it/ t/e e:ample in Fi(ure 1 t/e a''i*ental s'enari% ,ill (%)ern t/e ,all t/i'&ness *esi(n- I+ t/e %)er pressure
,%ul* /a)e been less t/an "0-#0L ab%)e t/e in'i*ental pressure. t/e '/%&e pressure may (%)ern t/e *esi(n-
% $ & ' 1
Normalised pressure
P
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

D
e
n
s
i
t
y
!ec.$' (ommentary :;nformative< - 0age &$$
T/e a''i*ental 'riteri%n is0
,/ere p
+VDi
is t/e +ailure pr%bability (i)en t/at t/e s'enari% /appens an* P
Di
is t/e pr%bability %+ t/e s'enari%
C%)er pressure4 t% /appen- In t/e +%ll%,in(. it is assume* t/at t/e %)er pressure s'enari% ,ill be t/e %)erall
'%ntributin( a''i*ental s'enari% an* t/e summati%n si(n is ne(le'te*-
F%r t/e HIPPS s'enari% %utline* ab%)e. t/e pr%bability %+ t/e s'enari%. P
Di
. ,ill be e2ual t% t/e pr%bability %+
a bl%'&a(e t% /appen times t/e %n-*eman*-+ailure %+ t/e HIPPS-
T/e resultin( ,all t/i'&ness +%r t/e a''i*ental s'enari% ,ill t/en be t/e ,all t/i'&ness (i)in( t/e +ailure
pr%bability re2uire* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 1#-F
N%te t/at t/e n%minal tar(et +ailure pr%bability in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-" primarily s/all be e2ual t% similar limit
states- T/e n%minal +ailure pr%bability %+ t/e pressure '%ntainment 'riteri%n is at least %ne %r*er %+ ma(nitu*e
less t/an t/e %t/er limit states tar(et )alues in Table "-=-
D &** !cal 6'c0ling - c!lla(se
T/e '%llapse pressure. p'. is a +un'ti%n %+ t/e0
1 elasti' 'apa'ity
1 plasti' 'apa'ity
1 t/e %)ality-
T/e +%rmulati%n a*%pte* in t/is stan*ar* is i*enti'al as in !SF010. apart +r%m t/e sa+ety mar(in- T/e +%rmula
is (i)en in E2- C1#-104 ,it/ t/e *e+ine* elasti' an* plasti' 'apa'ities in E2- C1#-114 an* E2- C1#-1"4-
T/is t/ir* *e(ree p%lyn%mial /as t/e +%ll%,in( analyti'al s%luti%n0
,/ere0
C1#-F4
P
Di
? P
bl%'&a(e
Z P
+ailure %n *eman*
CHIPPS4 C1#-H4
C1#-104
C1#-114
C1#-1"4
C1#-1#4
T f i i f
p P p
. V

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
t
f t p t p t p t p t p t p t p
p el c p c el c
=
0
" "
( )
"
#
1
"

|
\
|

=
t
!
t p
el
( )
t
f t p
fab y p
=
"
p
'
y
1
#
-- -b E ?
( ) t p b
el
=
"
4 C 4 C t p t p d
p el
=
u
1
#
-- - -
1
#
-- -b
"
c W
\
| |
?
v
1
"
-- -
"
"<
----- -b
# 1
#
-- -bc d W E
\
| |
?
'%s
1 E v E
u E
#
-------------
\
|
| |
?
|
\
|
+
=
1F0
>0
#
'%s "
u y
!ec.$' (ommentary :;nformative< - 0age &$&
D 2** 3'c0le arres%!r
T/e bu'&le arrest%r +%rmula in Se'-= is ta&en +r%m T%rselletti C"00#4-
D :** !cal 6'c0ling - $!$en%
T/e (i)en +%rmula is )ali* +%r 1= M DIt
"
M >0 +%r yiel*in( an* %)alisati%n +ailure m%*es- 8p t% DIt
"
e2ual t%
;=. t/ese +ailure m%*es ,ill %''ur pri%r t% %t/er +ailure m%*es. e-(- elasti' bu'&lin(. an* /en'e *% n%t nee* t%
be '/e'&e*-
O)er DIt
"
;=. elasti' bu'&lin( /as t% be '/e'&e* separately. typi'ally t/r%u(/ FE analysis. ,it/ DIt
"
a su++i'ient
Ssa+ety mar(inT ab%)e t/e a'tual DIt
"
in %r*er t% a''%unt +%r b%t/ un'ertainty as ,ell as natural t/i'&ness
)ariati%ns-
In a**iti%n t% '/e'& +%r elasti' bu'&lin(. a t/inner pipe be'%mes m%re sus'eptible t% imper+e'ti%ns- Spe'ial
'%nsi*erati%ns s/all be ma*e t%
1 (irt/ ,el*s an* mismat'/ at (irt/ ,el*s. an*
1 p%int l%a*s. e-(- p%int supp%rts-
I+ b%t/ t/e elasti' bu'&lin( /as been *%'umente* t% %''ur bey%n* t/e )ali* ran(e an* t/e impli'ati%ns %+
imper+e'ti%ns /as +%un* t% be a''eptable. t/e 'riteria may be e:ten*e* t%
DIt
"
? >0-
D )*** !cal 6'c0ling - gir%h 1el" +ac%!r
Resear'/ %n bu'&lin( %+ pipes in'lu*in( (irt/ ,el*s /as s/%,n t/at t/e (irt/ ,el* /as a si(ni+i'ant impa't %n
t/e '%mpressi)e strain 'apa'ity. see 3/%*si C1HH;4- A re*u'ti%n in t/e %r*er %+ ;0L ,as +%un* +%r DIt
"
? >0-
T/ere are n% %t/er &n%,n e:periments %n t/e impa't +r%m (irt/ ,el*s +%r l%,er DIt
"
-
It is assume* t/at t/e *etrimental e++e't is *ue t% %n-set %+ bu'&lin( *ue t% imper+e'ti%ns at t/e ,el* %n t/e
'%mpressi)e si*e- I+ t/is is true. t/is e++e't ,ill be m%re pr%n%un'e* +%r /i(/er DIt
"
As- T/e (irt/ ,el* +a't%r
s/%ul* be establis/e* by test an*I%r FE-'al'ulati%ns-
I+ n% %t/er in+%rmati%n e:ists an* (i)en t/at t/e re*u'ti%n is *ue t% t/e misali(nment %n t/e '%mpressi)e si*e.
t/e re*u'ti%n is e:pe'te* t% be ne(li(ible at DIt
"
? "0- A linear interp%lati%n is t/en pr%p%se* up t% DIt
"
? >0-
I+ n% %t/er in+%rmati%n e:ists t/en t/e +%ll%,in( (irt/ ,el* +a't%r is pr%p%se*-
Fig're 4
9r!(!se" gir%h 1el" +ac%!rs
D ))** O-alisa%i!n
Pipe %)alisati%n is menti%ne* in t/ree *i++erent pla'es ,it/in t/is stan*ar*0
Se'-= D1100. ,/ere t/e ma:imum all%,able %)alisati%n +
0
? #L- T/is applies +%r t/e pipeline as installe*
'%n*iti%n- T/is limitati%n is *ue t% t/e (i)en resistan'e +%rmulati%ns ,/i'/ n%t in'lu*es t/e %)ality e:pli'itly.
as ,ell as %t/er +un'ti%nal aspe'ts as state* in t/e para(rap/-
Se'-= D;00. ,/ere t/e minimum %)alisati%n +
0
? 0-=L t% be a''%unte* +%r in t/e system '%llapse '/e'&O an*
t/e '%mbine* l%a*in(- T/e '%llapse +%rmula in'lu*es t/e %)ality e:pli'itly (i)in( a l%,er resistan'e +%r a lar(er
%)ality. /en'e a minimum %)ality is pres'ribe*-
Table <-1<. *imensi%nal re2uirements. ,/ere t/e ma:imum all%,able %ut %+ r%un*ness t% be *eli)ere* +r%m
6anu+a'turer is spe'i+ie*-
T/e %)ality %+ a pipe e:p%se* t% ben*in( strain may be estimate* by E2- C1#-1;4- T/is is a '/ara'teristi' +%rmula
!ec.$' (ommentary :;nformative< - 0age &$'
,it/%ut any sa+ety +a't%rs-
F%r +urt/er in+%rmati%n. re+eren'e is ma*e t% 6urp/ey C1HF=4-
E. A9; Ma%erial Gra"es
E )** A9; $a%erial gra"es
T/e API re2uirements t% t/e 3ra*es P;" t/r%u(/ PF0 are liste* in Table 1#-;- F%r +ull *etails see t/e API
Spe'i+i'ati%n +%r Bine Pipe CAPI Spe'i+i'ati%n =B4- T/e S6RS an* S6TS )alues (i)en in 6Pa in t/e table
bel%, are '%n)erte* +r%m t/e API spe'i+i'ati%n Cin &si4. an* *i++er sli(/tly +r%m t/e me'/ani'al pr%perties in
Se'-< Table <-=. ,/i'/ apply +%r t/is stan*ar*-
F. 9i(e-in-(i(e an" 6'n"les
F )** 9i(e-in-(i(e an" 6'n"les general
T/is stan*ar* may (enerally be applie* +%r pipe-in-pipe an* bun*les i+ t/e l%a* e++e't 'al'ulati%ns are
per+%rme* a*e2uately-
Stru'tural parts %+ pipe-in-pipe system 'an be *e+ine* as inner pipe. %uter pipe. intermittent layers an* bul&
/ea*s-
T/e same sa+ety 'lass +%r inner pipe an* %uter pipe +%r pipe-in-pipe an* bun*les s/%ul* be sele'te* ,it/in t/e
l%'ati%n 'lass- In 'ase it 'an be *%'umente* t/at a l%,er sa+ety 'lass +%r t/e inner pipe %r %uter pipe *%es n%t
alter t/e net +ailure pr%bability %+ t/e pipe-in-pipe. a l%,er sa+ety 'lass may be sele'te* Csa+ety 'lass may /en'e
be *i++erent +%r *i++erent +ailure m%*es4-
@/en a pipe-in-pipe enters t/e plat+%rm area. typi'ally a /i(/er sa+ety 'lass is re2uire*. i-e- a ,all t/i'&ness
'/an(e in t/e inner pipe- I+ t/e %uter pipe /as a l%,er DIt. ,/i'/ is n%rmally t/e 'ase. t/is ,ill rupture in 'ase
%+ lea&a(e t/r%u(/ t/e inner pipe- In 'ase %+ a rat/er sl%, pressure buil* up in t/e annulus. t/e release is e2ually
pr%bable al%n( t/e len(t/. in'lu*in( t/e plat+%rm J%ne. a*Guste* +%r t/e len(t/- Hen'e. enterin( t/e plat+%rm
J%ne may re2uire a t/i'&er %uter pipe- Alternati)ely. t/e inner pipe may be *esi(ne* +%r t/e /i(/est sa+ety 'lass
al%n( t/e +ull len(t/. %r +lui* '%mmuni'ati%n in t/e annulus bet,een l%'ati%n 'lass 1 an* " is /in*ere*-
D%'umentati%n %+ ne, pipe-in-pipe systems %r bun*les '%n'epts s/%ul* be 'arrie* %ut usin( te'/n%l%(y
2uali+i'ati%n te'/ni2ues- F%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ ne, te'/n%l%(y. re+eren'e is (i)en t% DNV-RP-A"0#-
T/e *istan'e bet,een t/e bul& /ea*s are typi'ally (%)erne* by t/e stru'tural resp%nse an* t/e ass%'iate*
un'ertainties- Furt/er. tie-ins an* p%tential /%t-taps s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere*- T/e *esi(n %+ t/e bul& /ea*s s/%ul*
als% assess '%nse2uen'e assessments relate* t% *ama(e %+ t/e bul& /ea*s- Distan'e bet,een ,ater st%ps s/%ul*
be base* up%n '%nse2uen'e e)aluati%ns
F 4** Design l!a" e++ec%s an" "esign li$i% s%a%es
B%a* e++e't 'al'ulati%n re2uires &n%,le*(e ab%ut t/e a'tual lay%ut %+ system. t/is is a main '/allen(e '%mpare*
a sin(le pipe system- B%a* e++e't 'al'ulati%n may /a)e a**iti%nal un'ertainties '%mpare* t% sin(le pipe
C1#-1;4
Ta6le )8-4 A9; Ma%erial Gra"es
)P'
Grade
S$9S S$TS
.si $Pa .si $Pa
P;" ;" "FH >0 ;1#
P;> ;> #1< ># ;#;
P=" =" #=F >> ;==
P=> => #F> <1 ;FH
P>0 >0 ;1# <= =1<
P>= >= ;;F << =#0
P<0 <0 ;F" F" =>=
PF0 F0 ==1 H0 >"0
&si ? >-FH= 6PaO 1 6Pa ? 0-1;= &siO &si ? 1000 psi Clb +Iin"4
+
0
+
0
0- 0#0 1
D
1"0t
---------- - W
\
| |
"
'
D
t
----
\
| |
"
W
1
P
e
P
'
----- E
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ?
!ec.$' (ommentary :;nformative< - 0age &$1
systems0
1 A:ial +ri'ti%n an* sli*in( in bet,een t/e inner an* %uter pipe Cn%te t/at t/ere is n% bu%yan'y %n inner pipe
resultin( in t/at e)en i+ t/e +ri'ti%n +a't%r is l%,er '%mpare* t% bet,een %uter pipe an* s%il. t/e +ri'ti%n
+%r'e '%ul* be lar(e4
1 !en*in( intera'ti%n bet,een inner an* %uter pipe. plasti'ity in t/e *i++erent pipes an* l%a* trans+er s/all be
ta&en int% a''%unt. re+- 3%plen C"0114
1 Temperature *i++eren'e an* *i++erent s%ur'es %+ /eatin(
1 In+luen'e %+ spa'ers *esi(n. p%siti%n an* t%leran'es-
A pipe-in-pipe system t/at e:pan*s Cas a:ial %r lateral m%ti%ns4 ,ill in+luen'e t/e a:ial l%a*s in b%t/ inner- an*
%uter pipe0
1 Inner pipe in '%mpressi%n Ce2ual %r /i(/er '%mpare* t% sin(le pipe4
1 Outer pipe in tensi%n C/i(/er tensi%n '%mpare* t% sin(e pipe4-
Bimit state 'riteria in Se'-= are )ali* +%r ea'/ %+ t/e pipes- In 'ase bene+i'ial '%mbine* e++e't %+ inner pipe an*
%uter pipe s/all be '%nsi*ere*. t/is s/all be *%'umente* Ce-(- '%llapse4-
%mpare* t% a sin(le pipe s%luti%n t/e 'l%se t% Jer% pressure in t/e annulus may imply /i(/er ,all t/i'&ness
in t/e inner pipe 'ause* by t/e pressure '%ntainment re2uirement Cburst4- Furt/er. t/e ben*in( 'apa'ity %+ t/e
%uter t/inner pipe may be l%,er an* /en'e in+luen'e %n t/e t%tal ben*in( 'apa'ity %+ t/e pipe-in-pipe system-
%llapse is an issue t/r%u(/%ut li+e time %+ t/e %uter pipe as t/e pressure in t/e annulus %+ten is 'l%se t% Jer%
an* ,ill be un'/an(e* *urin( li+etime-
T/e DNV-RP-F110 '%)erin( (l%bal bu'&lin( 'an be applie* +%r a pipe-in-pipe in 'ase t/e pipeline 'an be
'%nsi*ere* t% /a)e b%n*in( in a:ial *ire'ti%n- !%n*in( is /ere relate* t% n% a:ial sli*in( bet,een t/e inner an*
%uter pipe- Hen'e a b%n*e* pipe ,ill /a)e e2ual *ispla'ement pattern +%r b%t/ inner an* %uter pipe- An un-
b%n*e* pipe-in-pipe ,ill +a'e lar(er un'ertainties an* /i(/er *e(ree %+ ran*%mness in t/e imitati%n %+ (l%bal
bu'&les an* p%st bu'&lin( be/a)i%r- T/is must be re+le'te* in t/e *esi(n appr%a'/ an* in t/e applie* sa+ety
+a't%rs- T/e +ri'ti%n bet,een t/e pipes is relate* t% me'/ani'al pr%perties %+ spa'ers. insulati%n. r%llers et'- t/at
is use* in t/e annulus- T/e +ri'ti%n is in+luen'e* by 'ur)ature in t/e pipe an* t/e %perati%nal '%n*iti%ns %+ t/e
pipe- T/e /i(/er pressure an* temperature. t/e /i(/er +ri'ti%n is %btaine*-
Pipe-in-pipe /as a /i(/ %n-b%tt%m stability le)el *ue t% t/e /i(/ submer(e* ,ei(/t. /%,e)er. t/e p%tential +%r
sin&in( int% s%il. parti'ular +lui*iJe* san* %r s%+t 'lay 'an be /i(/ an* s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere* +%r b%t/ t/e
installati%n an* t/e %perati%nal p/ase-
Desi(n %+ bul& /ea*s ,ill imply a '%*e brea&. see Se'-= F-
T/e a''eptable *ent siJe +%r t/e %uter pipe s/all be as +%r a sin(le pipe. unless lar(er a''eptable impa'ts 'an be
*%'umente*- Di++erent impa't l%'ati%ns an* '%nse2uen'es t% be assesse* Ce-(- impa't at spa'er. bul& /ea*s
et'-4-
An%*e *esi(n ,ill n%rmally be e2ual t% sin(le pipe-
F 8** C!ns%r'c%i!n $an'+ac%'re
F%r pipe-in-pipe an* bun*les t/e inner pipe an* %uter pipe s/all /a)e e2ual re2uirements t% manu+a'ture %+
linepipe. ,el*in( an* '%nne'ti%n- Temperature s/%ul* be m%nit%re* in t/e in*i)i*ual pipes *urin(
'%nstru'ti%n- T%leran'es relate* t% *istan'e &eepers Cspa'ers. +%am et'4 t% be establis/e* an* *%'umente*-
6easure sli*in( bet,een inner an* %uter pipe *urin( '%nstru'ti%n %+ stal&s
F 4** C!ns%r'c%i!n !++sh!re
T/e e++e't %+ t/e installati%n by reelin( %n t/e )ari%us parts %+ t/e pipe-in-pipe system s/%ul* be a''%unte* +%r
in'lu*in( strai(/tenin( %+ inner an* %uter pipe *urin( %++-reelin(. re+- En*al C1HHF4- F%r installati%n by S-lay
%r 7-lay sli*in( %+ t/e inner pipe s/all be e)aluate*-
Bea& testin( %+ t/e annulus 'an be 'arrie* %ut t% in'rease '%n+i*en'e in t/e '%nstru'ti%n an* installati%n %+ t/e
pipeline. e-(- pressure testin( %+ t/e annulus-
Durin( system pressure test t/ere ,ill be n% e:ternal pressure %n inner pipe. an* t/is may a++e't t/e ,all
t/i'&ness siJin( %+ t/e inner pipe-
F #** O(era%i!n
Inspe'ti%n p%ssibilities are m%re limite* +%r pipe-in-pipe an* bun*les. an* /en'e *ete'ti%n %+ '%rr%si%n in
annulus an* e:ternal '%rr%si%n is '/allen(in(- Furt/er. *ete'ti%n %+ lea&s int% annulus C+r%m internal %r e:ternal
+lui*s4 may n%t be easily i*enti+ie* an* t/e ass%'iate* en)ir%nment in t/e annulus 'ann%t be +ully '%ntr%lle* %r
re)erse*- D%'umentati%n %+ t/e inte(rity in t/e %perati%n p/ase may be limite* +%r a pipe-in-pipe '%mpare* t%
a sin(le pipe- T/is ,ill a(ain a++e't t/e li+e-time e:tensi%n an* re-assessment %+ t/e pipeline-
G. ;ns%alla%i!n
G )** Sa+e%7 class "e+ini%i!n
Installati%n %+ pipeline an* pipeline '%mp%nents is n%rmally *e+ine* as sa+ety 'lass l%,- H%,e)er. i+ t/e
installati%n a'ti)ity imp%se a /i(/er ris& t% pers%nnel. en)ir%nment %r t/e assets. a /i(/er Ssa+ety 'lassT s/%ul*
be use*- Su'/ a'ti)ities may typi'ally be repair. ,/ere t/e system is s/ut *%,n. but t/e pr%*u'ti%n me*ium is
still ,it/in t/e system. m%*i+i'ati%ns t% e:istin( system %r installati%n %perati%ns ,/ere +ailure may lea* t%
e:tensi)e e'%n%mi' l%ss. see als% !100-
G 4** C!a%ing
In 'ase n% %t/er *ata is a)ailable t/e +%ll%,in( 'riteri%n s/%ul* be use*- T/e mean %)erben* strain0
s/%ul* satis+y0
,/ere
D ? %uter steel *iameter
R ? stin(er ra*ius
mean
? 'al'ulate* mean %)erben* strain
a:ial
? a:ial strain '%ntributi%n
''
? 1-0= sa+ety +a't%r +%r '%n'rete 'rus/in(
''
? limit mean strain (i)in( 'rus/in( %+ t/e '%n'rete- P%siti)e strain *en%tes tensile strain-
T/e mean %)erben* strain at ,/i'/ '%n'rete 'rus/in( +irst %''urs *epen*s %n t/e pipe sti++ness. t/e '%n'rete
stren(t/ an* t/i'&ness. t/e a:ial +%r'e an* t/e s/ear resistan'e %+ t/e '%rr%si%n '%atin(- rus/in( %''urs at
l%,er mean %)erben* strains +%r l%,er '%n'rete stren(t/. l%,er a:ial +%r'e. /i(/er pipe sti++ness an* /i(/er
s/ear resistan'e- I+ n% %t/er in+%rmati%n is a)ailable. '%n'rete 'rus/in( may be assume* t% %''ur ,/en t/e
strain in t/e '%n'rete Cat t/e '%mpressi)e +ibre in t/e mi**le %+ t/e '%n'rete t/i'&ness4 rea'/es 0-"L-
F%r '%n'rete '%atin( %+ ;0 mm t/i'&ness %r m%re. t%(et/er ,it/ asp/alt '%rr%si%n '%atin(. a '%nser)ati)e
estimate %+
''
is 0-""L +%r ;"b pipelines an* 0-";L +%r 1>b pipelines. ,it/ linear interp%lati%n in bet,een-
Re+eren'e is ma*e t% En*al C1HH=4 %r Ness C1HH=4-
G 8** Si$(li+ie" la7ing cri%eria
T/is simpli+ie* layin( 'riteria may be use* as a preliminary simpli+ie* 'riteri%n %+ t/e l%'al bu'&lin( '/e'&
*urin( early *esi(n sta(es- It *%es n%t superse*e any %+ t/e +ailure m%*e '/e'&s as (i)en in t/e n%rmati)e part
%+ t/e stan*ar*-
In a**iti%n t% t/e simpli+ie* stress 'riteria (i)en bel%,. t/e limit states +%r '%n'rete 'rus/in( CK"004. Fati(ue
CSe'-= DF004 an* R%tati%n CSe'-= H"004 s/all be satis+ie*- Re+eren'e is +urt/er ma*e t% En*al etal- C1HH=4 +%r
*is'ussi%n %n t/e R%tati%n limit state-
5verbend
F%r stati' l%a*in( t/e 'al'ulate* strain s/all satis+y riteri%n I in Table 1#-=- T/e strain s/all in'lu*e e++e'ts %+
ben*in(. a:ial +%r'e an* l%'al r%ller l%a*s- E++e'ts *ue t% )aryin( sti++ness Ce-(- strain '%n'entrati%n at +iel*
G%ints %r bu'&le arrest%rs4 nee* n%t be in'lu*e*-
F%r stati' plus *ynami' l%a*in( t/e 'al'ulate* strain s/all satis+y riteri%n II in Table 1#-=- T/e strain s/all
in'lu*e all e++e'ts. in'lu*in( )aryin( sti++ness *ue t% +iel* G%ints %r bu'&le arrest%rs-
Sagbend
F%r '%mbine* stati' an* *ynami' l%a*s t/e e2ui)alent stress in t/e sa(ben* an* at t/e stin(er tip s/all be less
t/an
,it/ all l%a* e++e't +a't%rs set t% unity-
C1#-1=4
C1#-1>4
Ta6le )8-# Si$(li+ie" cri%eria= !-er6en"
%riterion AS= AIH AI= AHJ
I 0-"<0L 0-"=0L 0-"#0L 0-"0=L
II 0-#"=L 0-#0=L 0-"H0L 0-">0L
e2
M 0-F< times +
y
C1#-1<4
mean
"R
-------
a"i al
W E ?
cc
mean
cc

E++e'ts *ue t% )aryin( sti++ness %r resi*ual strain +r%m t/e %)erben* may be i(n%re*-
F%r t/e sa(ben* in *eeper ,ater. ,/ere '%llapse is a p%tential pr%blem. t/e n%rmati)e bu'&lin( 'riteria in t/e
stan*ar* s/all als% be satis+ie*-
%alculation re*uirements
T/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements t% t/e lay analysis apply b%t/ ,/en usin( Bimit State riteria an* Simpli+ie*
riteria0
1 T/e analysis s/all be '%n*u'te* usin( a realisti' n%n-linear stress-strain C%r m%ment-'ur)ature4
representati%n %+ t/e material C%r 'r%ss-se'ti%n4-
1 F%r 'al'ulati%n %+ strain '%n'entrati%n at +iel* G%ints. n%n-linear material pr%perties %+ t/e steel. t/e '%n'rete
an* t/e '%rr%si%n '%atin( s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
1 T/e '/ara'teristi' en)ir%nmental l%a* *urin( installati%n is t% be ta&en as t/e m%st pr%bable lar(est )alue
+%r t/e sea-state CHs. Tp4 '%nsi*ere* ,it/ appr%priate 'urrent an* ,in* '%n*iti%ns- T/e sea-state *urati%n
'%nsi*ere* is n%t t% be less t/an # /rs-
1 I+ t/e *ynami' lay analysis is base* %n re(ular ,a)es. it s/all be *%'umente* t/at t/e '/%i'e %+ ,a)e /ei(/ts
an* peri%*s '%nser)ati)ely represents t/e irre(ular sea-state CHs. Tp4-
H. Re+erences
En*al 3-. Ness O- !-. Verley R-. H%lt/e K- an* Ramset/ SO S!e/a)i%ur %+ O++s/%re Pipelines SubGe'te* t%
Resi*ual ur)ature Durin( Bayin(T. Pr%'ee*in(s %+ O6AEAH= '%n+eren'e. %pen/a(en. Denmar&
En*al. 3. @illiams. K-A-. K)ell%. O- an* Hammer. 3-. ST/e 3ull+a&s Satellites Pr%Ge't0 Reel Installati%n %+
>bI10b Pipe-in-Pipe Fl%,lineT. O6AE 1HHF - #H0#. Bisb%n. P%rtu(al. 1HHF-
3/%*si Na*er R%%se+-. Kula& 3- B- an* 6urray D- @-O S!e/a)i%ur %+ 3irt/ @el*e* Bine-pipeT. 8ni)ersity %+
Alberta *epartment %+ i)il En(ineerin(. Stru'tural En(ineerin( Rep%rt N%- "#. 1HH;
3%plen S-. Fyrilei) O-. 3ran*al 7- P-. !Drs/eim B- S3l%bal bu'&lin( %+ pipe-in-pipe - Stru'tural resp%nse an*
*esi(n 'riteriaT. O6AE "011-;HH>0. O6AE "011. R%tter*am
7ia% 3-. S%tber( T-. !rus'/i R-. Verley R- an* 6Dr& KO ST/e S8PER! Pr%Ge't0 @all T/i'&ness Desi(n
3ui*eline +%r Pressure %ntainment %+ O++s/%re PipelinesT. Pr%'ee*in(s %+ O6AEAH> '%n+eren'e. Fl%ren'e.
Italy
6urp/ey D-E- an* Ban(ner - 3- S8ltimate pipe stren(t/ un*er ben*in( '%llapse an* +ati(ueT. O++s/%re
6e'/ani's an* Ar'ti' En(ineerin( symp%sium. Ne, Orleans 1HF=-
6Dr&- K. Spiten 7-. T%rselletti E-. Ness O- !-. an* Verley R-O ST/e S8PER! Pr%Ge't an* DNVAH>0 !u'&lin(
an* %llapse Bimit StateT. Pr%'ee*in(s %+ O6AEAH< '%n+eren'e. R%&%/ama. 7apan
Ness O- !- an* Verley R-O SStrain %n'entrati%ns in Pipelines ,it/ %n'rete %atin(0 An Analyti'al 6%*elT.
Pr%'ee*in(s %+ O6AEAH= '%n+eren'e. %pen/a(en. Denmar&
T%rseletti E-. !rus'/i R-. 6ar'/esani F-. Vitali B- S!u'&le Pr%pa(ati%n an* its Arrest0 !u'&le Arrest%r Desi(n
Versus Numeri'al Analyses an* E:perimentsT O6AE"00#-#<""0
Vitali B-. !rus'/i R-. 6Dr& K-. Verley R-C1HHH4O SH%tpipe pr%Ge't - apa'ity %+ pipes subGe'te* t% internal
pressure. a:ial +%r'e an* ben*in( m%mentT. Pr%'- Ht/ Int- O++s/%re an* P%lar En(ineerin( %n+eren'e. !rest
1HHH-
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &$4
A99END;M A
FRACTURE ;M;T STATE OF G;RTH WEDS
A. General
A )** ;n%r!"'c%i!n
)*) T/e purp%se %+ t/e +ra'ture limit state e)aluati%n %+ (irt/ ,el*s in pipelines is t% a)%i* S+ailureT *urin(
t/e installati%n an* %perati%n sta(es by *eterminin( t/e 'riti'ality %+ p%ssible ,el* +la,s- T/e pr%'e*ures
*es'ribe* are base* %n +ra'ture me'/ani's an* t/e term SEn(ineerin( riti'al AssessmentT CEA4 is use*-
8nstable +ra'ture. tearin( an* +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ assessments are assesse* un*er b%t/ stati' an* *ynami'
C+ati(ue4 l%a*in( as rele)ant-
T/e +ra'ture me'/ani's appr%a'/ spe'i+ie* *%es n%t e:pli'itly re+er t% a *e+ine* sa+ety le)el. but it is spe'i+ie*
/%, t/e input t% t/e analyses s/all be *e+ine* in %r*er t% %btain a''eptable +ra'ture limit state-
)*4 Typi'ally t/e assessments are use* t%0
a4 Deri)e ,el* +la, a''eptan'e 'riteria-
b4 Per+%rm +itness-+%r-purp%se e)aluati%ns '%nsi*erin( +ra'ture limit state. e-(-0
1 t% assess t/e e++e't %+ *i++erent %peratin( '%n*iti%ns Ctemperature. strain le)el. li+etime e:tensi%n et'-4
1 t% assess t/e si(ni+i'an'e %+ ,el* +la,s %r *ama(e in'urre* a+ter installati%n-
'4 T% a)%i* P@HT +%r lar(e ,all t/i'&nesses-
)*8 T/e EA *%es n%t pr%)i*e ,el* +la, a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r 8TIA8T- T/e intenti%n %+ an EA is t%
pr%)i*e 'riti'al +la, *imensi%ns +%r (i)en material pr%perties an* l%a*in( '%n*iti%ns in a '%nser)ati)e ,ay-
T/e *eri)ati%n %+ S+la, a''eptan'e 'riteriaT +%r 8TIA8T s/all be base* %n t/e 'riti'al +la, siJes %btaine* +r%m
t/e EA an* '%nsi*erin(. pr%bability %+ *ete'ti%n an* +la, siJin( err%r in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e
re'%mmen*ati%ns an* limitati%ns %+ Appen*i: D an* Appen*i: E-
)*4 T/e /ei(/t %+ ,el* +la,s 'l%se t% t/e internal %r t/e e:ternal sur+a'e *is'%)ere* *urin( NDT s/all be
*e+ine* as t/e +la, /ei(/t itsel+ plus t/e /ei(/t %+ t/e remainin( li(ament i+ t/e li(ament is less t/an /al+ t/e
/ei(/t %+ t/e ,el* +la,. see App-D Table D-> an* App-E !111-
)*# T/e *i++erent +ailure m%*es '%nsi*ere* in t/e assessment appr%a'/ are0
1 unstable +ra'ture
1 spe'i+ie* am%unt %+ tearin( e:'ee*e*
1 +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ until unstable +ra'ture %r a *e+ine* 'ra'& siJe-
)*5 F%r (irt/ ,el*s. it is t/e pipeline l%n(itu*inal stress-strain '%n*iti%n t/at is %+ m%st rele)an'e- All strain
re2uirementsIlimitati%ns +%r (irt/ ,el*s are *e+ine* as t/e t%tal n%minal strain Celasti' plus plasti'4.
l.n%m
in
t/e pipe l%n(itu*inal *ire'ti%n- T/e t%tal n%minal strain s/all be in'lusi)e %+ (l%bal sti++ness )ariati%ns e++e'ts
Ce-(- 'ause* by '%atin( *is'%ntinuities. ,all t/i'&ness '/an(es. '%unter-b%rin(. yiel* mismat'/ et'-4-
Furt/erm%re. %t/er e++e'ts. su'/ as G%int misali(nment e++e'ts. et'-. s/all be '%nsi*ere*Ianalyse* a''%r*in( t%
t/e met/%*%l%(y presente* /erein- F%r assessments %+ t/e %perati%nal sta(e. t/e e++e't %+ /%%p stresses s/all
als% be '%nsi*ere*. see !10#. 10# an* D"0=-
)*& T/e +ra'ture limit state is '%nsi*ere* a''eptable i+ t/e +%ll%,in( is +ul+ille*0
1 t/e ma:imum l%n(itu*inal strain.
l.n%m
is n%t lar(er t/an 0-;L
1 t/e ,el* +la, a''eptan'e 'riteria are in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D an* Appen*i: E
1 t/e material is in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-> an* <
1 t/e (irt/ ,el*s /a)e a''eptable +ati(ue 'apa'ity '%nsi*erin( t/e rele)ant en)ir%nment a''%r*in( t% Se'-= DF00
1 t/e en)ir%nment is n%t su'/ t/at it pr%m%tes /y*r%(en assiste* 'ra'&in( Cs%ur ser)i'e. HIS et'-4
1 t/e assessment temperatures are n%t bel%, -"0] an*I%r n%t ab%)e W100]-
%r
an EA is per+%rme* as spe'i+ie* in t/is Appen*i: an* a''eptan'e 'riteria are *etermine* in a''%r*an'e ,it/
Appen*i: D an* Appen*i: E as rele)ant-
)*2 T/e +ati(ue assessment pr%'e*ure *es'ribe* in t/is Appen*i: CSubse'ti%n F4 is supplementary t% t/e
+ati(ue *esi(n (ui*an'e *es'ribe* in t/e main b%*y %+ t/is *%'ument Ct/e S-N appr%a'/4- Assessment %+ t/e
+ati(ue li+e s/all satis+y t/e re2uirement liste* /ere an* *es'ribe* in Se'-= DF00-
)*: Di++erent ,%r*s +%r *es'ribin( a ,el* S+eatureT C+la,. *e+e't an* n%t'/4 are use* in t/is Appen*i:- T/e
)ari%us ,%r*s use* /a)e s%me,/at *i++erent meanin( an* are *e+ine* as +%ll%,s0
1 T/e term SflawT is use* t% *es'ribe a +eature t/at /as been *ete'te* by NDT. %+ten 'ause* by ,el*in( su'/
as p%r%sity. la'& %+ +usi%n et'- T/e siJe %+ a +la, may be an input t% a +ra'ture me'/ani's assessment CEA4
t% *etermine its a''eptability- Alternati)ely assessments may be 'arrie* %ut t% *etermine a ma:imum
all%,able +la, siJe +%r senten'in( purp%ses Cbasis +%r 8TIA8T a''eptan'e 'riteria4-
1 T/e term SdefectT is use* t% *es'ribe a +la, ,/i'/ is *eeme* t% be una''eptable. +%r instan'e by )irtue %+
its siJe e:'ee*in( a spe'i+ie* a''eptan'e 'riteria C,/i'/ may be base* %n ,%r&mans/ip %r EA4- I+ a ,el*
+la, a''eptan'e 'riteria is base* %n EA. t/e ma:imum all%,able +la, siJes assesse* s/all be a*Guste* t%
a''%unt +%r 8TIA8T siJin( ina''ura'y C+la, siJin( err%r is subtra'te*4. see als% Appen*i: D an* E- All
+la,s t/at e:'ee*s t/e +la, a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be *e+ine* as *e+e'ts an* repaire*-
1 T/e term SnotchT is use* in '%nne'ti%n ,it/ +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( an* '%nsists %+ t/e ma'/ine*
n%t'/e* plus t/e +ati(ue pre-'ra'&-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e *e+initi%ns %+ ,el* +la,s an* ,el* *e+e'ts (i)en in A10H may n%t be '%nsistent ,it/ t/e terms use* else,/ere in
t/is Stan*ar* but t/ese *e+initi%ns ,ill be implemente* an* use* in all parts %+ t/e Stan*ar* in ne:t re)isi%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
A 4** O6Aec%i-e
4*) T/is Appen*i: pr%)i*es *etaile* pr%'e*ures +%r e)aluati%n %+ t/e +ra'ture limit state %+ (irt/ ,el*s
'%nsi*erin( ,el* +la,s *urin( installati%n an* %perati%n-
A 8** A((lica%i!n
8*) In (eneral. pr%'e*ures +%r assessin( (irt/ ,el*s un*er l%a*- %r strain-base* '%n*iti%ns are *es'ribe*- T/e
pr%'e*ures are als% appli'able +%r assessin( +la,s in parent pipe- F%r pipelines lar(e strains are mainly 'ause*
by (l%bal ben*in( resultin( mainly in membrane stress in t/e pipe ,all-
8*4 T/is Appen*i: is n%t appli'able t% +le:ible pipes %r *ynami' %r '%mpliant risers-
8*8 T/e inte(rity %+ (irt/ ,el*s in line* an* 'la* pipelines may be e)aluate* a''%r*in( t% t/e pr%'e*ures
*es'ribe* in t/is appen*i: pr%)i*e* t/at t/e ,el* metal /as at least e)en-mat'/ stren(t/ '%mpare* ,it/ t/e
parent pipe material- H%,e)er. t/e inte(rity %+ t/e RA layer s/all be '%nsi*ere* in a**iti%n- A (irt/ ,el* is
'%nsi*ere* t% be at least e)en-mat'/ t% t/e stren(t/ %+ t/e parent pipes i+ all %+ t/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements are
satis+ie*0
1 T/e S6RS %+ t/e ,el* metal is /i(/er t/an t/e '/ara'teristi' yiel* stress CRS4 %+ t/e parent pipes *e+ine*
in a''%r*an'e ,it/ D"0;-
1 T/e S6TS %+ t/e ,el* metal is /i(/er t/an t/e '/ara'teristi' tensile stren(t/ C8TS4 %+ t/e parent pipes
*e+ine* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ D"0;-
1 All re2uirements t% t/e linepipes in Se'ti%n < are +ul+ille*-
1 All re2uirements t% t/e (irt/ ,el* pr%'e*ures in Appen*i: are +ul+ille*-
1 N% in*i'ati%n %+ l%,er %r partially l%,er stress-strain 'ur)e +%r t/e (irt/ ,el* '%mpare* ,it/ t/e stress-
strain 'ur)es %+ t/e parent pipes are seen *urin( testin( in '%nne'ti%n ,it/ t/e EA-
8*4 S%me materials are sensiti)e t% en)ir%nmentally in*u'e* embrittlement- In su'/ 'ases t/e '/%i'e %+
t%u(/ness an* +ati(ue pr%perties s/all re+le't t/e a'tual en)ir%nment- E:amples in'lu*e re*u'ti%n in t%u(/ness
an* a''elerate* +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ in s%ur. s,eet %r sea,ater en)ir%nment C,it/ %r ,it/%ut 'at/%*i'
pr%te'ti%n4- See als% 310>-
8*# T/e simpli+ie* EA pr%'e*ure *es'ribe* in Subse'ti%n D is n%t )ali* in 'ase t/e ,el* metal stress-strain
'ur)e is l%,er %r partially l%,er t/an t/e stress-strain 'ur)e %+ t/e parent pipes- In su'/ 'ases s%li* #D FE
+ra'ture me'/ani's analyses are re2uire*. see als% sub-se'- E-
A 4** Frac%'re %!'ghness
4*) T/e +ra'ture t%u(/ness pr%perties s/%ul* be *etermine* +r%m a +ra'ture t%u(/ness test pr%(ramme usin(
sin(le e*(e n%t'/e* tensile CSENT4 spe'imens in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n 3. Appen*i: ! an* DNV-RP-
F10F- H%,e)er. %t/er +ra'ture t%u(/ness test met/%*s an* spe'imen (e%metries may be use* pr%)i*e* t/at it
'an be *em%nstrate* t/at t/ese test te'/ni2ues are '%nser)ati)e in relati%n t% t/eir appli'ati%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e EA pr%'e*ures *es'ribe* in t/is Appen*i: re2uires t/at +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( is per+%rme*- Hen'e. t/e pipe
*imensi%ns ,/i'/ may be assesse* a''%r*in( t% t/is Appen*i: *epen* %n t/e limitati%ns ,it/ respe't t% t/e +ra'ture
t%u(/ness testin(- It is re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e *imensi%ns %+ SENT spe'imens are n%t less t/an @ ? F mm an* ! s/all
be at least e2ual t% @. see Fi(ure 1- H%,e)er. it is re'%mmen*e* t/at ! ? "@ an* t/e spe'imens s/all be as lar(e as
p%ssible. see DNV-RP-F10F +%r +urt/er *etails-
I+ +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( is n%t p%ssible an* t/e
l.n%m
e:'ee*s 0-;L. +ull s'ale testin( %r pipe se(ment testin( s/all
be per+%rme* t% pr%)e t/e inte(rity %+ t/e (irt/ ,el*s in'lu*in( ,%rst 'ase ,el* +la,s- T/e testin( s/all re+le't t/e
,%rst 'ase l%a*in( '%n*iti%n. rele)ant temperature. un+a)%urable material pr%perties an* un+a)%urable (irt/ ,el*
(e%metry-
Fig're )
SENT ge!$e%r7
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e +ra'ture t%u(/ness re2uirements spe'i+ie* in t/is Appen*i: are e:presse* in terms %+ t/e 7 )alue-
H%,e)er. t/e +ra'ture t%u(/ness may be e:presse* in terms %+ t/e 'ra'& tip %penin( *ispla'ement CTOD4- I+
SENT spe'imens are teste* t/e pr%'e*ure +%r 'al'ulatin( TOD +ra'ture t%u(/ness s/all be *em%nstrate* t%
be '%nser)ati)e- 310< *es'ribes /%, t/e same EA result is %btaine* b%t/ ,it/ +ra'ture t%u(/ness spe'i+ie*
as TOD %r 7-
4*8 I+ t/e EA is base* %n TOD t/e '%n)ersi%n +a't%r. A Csee !S <H104. s/all be ta&en t% /a)e a )alue %+
1-= unless an%t/er )alue is Gusti+ie* +r%m *e*i'ate* stru'tural analysis-
4*4 It is p%ssible t% estimate K
mat
+r%m /arpy V-n%t'/ test results usin( /arpy I +ra'ture t%u(/ness
'%rrelati%ns C+%r e:ample in !S <H104- T/e results are /%,e)er '%nsi*ere* t% be less reliable an* it is n%t
a''eptable t% assess t/e inte(rity %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/is Appen*i: base* %n /arpy V-
n%t'/ testin( %nly- Su'/ assessments are %nly '%nsi*ere* as in*i'ati%ns-
A #** Re+erences
#*) T/e +%ll%,in( '%*es are re+erre* t% in t/is appen*i:0
3. Assess$en% Ca%eg!ries
3 )** General
)*) Pipeline systems s/all /a)e a*e2uate resistan'e a(ainst +ailure *urin( t/e ,/%le %+ its *esi(n li+e- T/is
s/all be a'/ie)e* by sele'tin( materials an* ,el*s ,it/ a*e2uate +ra'ture t%u(/ness. tensile pr%perties an*
,el* +la, a''eptan'e 'riteria-
)*4 T/e )ari%us assessment pr%'e*ures pr%)i*e* in t/is Appen*i: are base* %n !S <H10- Hen'e t/e
re'%mmen*ati%ns an* re2uirements are %nly appli'able i+ !S <H10 is t/e basis +%r t/e assessment ,it/
amen*ments an* a*Gustments as *es'ribe* in t/is Appen*i:-
API =<H-1IAS6E FFS-1 SFitness-F%r-Ser)i'eT. 7une = "00<. Errata February "00H
AST6 E1F"0 E 11 SStan*ar* Test 6et/%* +%r 6easurement %+ Fra'ture T%u(/nessT. Au(ust "011
!S EN ISO 1"<#<0"010 S6etalli' materials E Determinati%n %+ plane-strain +ra'ture t%u(/nessT. De'ember "010
!S EN ISO 1=>=#0"010 S6etalli' materials E 6et/%* +%r t/e *eterminati%n %+ 2uasistati' +ra'ture t%u(/ness %+
,el*sT. April "010
!S <;;F-101HH1 SFra'ture me'/ani's t%u(/ness tests- 6et/%* +%r *eterminati%n %+ K
I'
. 'riti'al TOD an*
'riti'al 7 )alues %+ metalli' materialsT. "0 De'ember 1HH1 CT/e stan*ar* is partially repla'e*
by !S EN ISO 1"<#<01HHH4
!S <;;F-"01HH< SFra'ture me'/ani's t%u(/ness tests- 6et/%* +%r *eterminati%n %+ K
I'
. 'riti'al TOD an*
'riti'al 7 )alues %+ ,el*s in metalli' materialsT. 1= Au(ust 1HH< CT/e stan*ar* ,as ,it/*ra,n
#1 7uly "010. repla'e* by !S EN ISO 1=>=#0"0104
!S <;;F-;01HH< SFra'ture me'/ani's t%u(/ness tests- 6et/%* +%r *eterminati%n %+ +ra'ture resistan'e 'ur)es
an* initiati%n )alues +%r stable 'ra'& e:tensi%n in metalli' materialsT. 1= De'ember 1HH<
!S <H100"00= S3ui*e t% met/%*s +%r assessin( t/e a''eptability %+ +la,s in metalli' stru'turesT
In'%rp%ratin( Amen*ment 1. issue* September "00<
DNV-RP-"0# SFati(ue Desi(n %+ O++s/%re Steel Stru'turesT. O't%ber "011
DNV-RP-F10F SFra'ture %ntr%l +%r Pipeline Installati%n 6et/%*s Intr%*u'in( y'li' Plasti' StrainT.
7anuary "00>
R> SAssessment %+ t/e Inte(rity %+ Stru'tures '%ntainin( De+e'tsT. Re)isi%n ;
Neuber. H- ST/e%ry %+ Stress %n'entrati%n +%r S/ear Straine* Prismati' !%*ies ,it/ N%nlinear StressE
Strain Ba,.T 7- Appl- 6e'/-. V%l- "F. Ser- E. N%- ;-. 1H>1. pp- =;;E==0
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &&%
It is a''eptable t% '%n*u't inte(rity assessment %+ ,el*s usin( +inite element CFE4 analyses. see Subse'ti%n E.
%r %t/er suitable stan*ar*s su'/ as API =<H-1 I AS6E FFS-1 an* R>. but in su'/ 'ases t/e assessment
pr%'e*ure s/all be t/%r%u(/ly *es'ribe*. *%'umente* an* a''epte* by all parties-
)*8 T/e EA pr%'e*ures *es'ribe* in t/is stan*ar* (enerally '%nsi*er unia:ial l%a*in( '%n*iti%ns- H%,e)er.
pipelines in %perati%n are subGe'te* t% a bia:ial stress-strain state- EA %+ t/e %perati%nal '%n*iti%ns un*er
bia:ial stresses is *es'ribe* in D"0= Clast part4-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Full-s'ale testin( an* s%li* #D FE +ra'ture me'/ani's analyses s/%, t/at t/e +ra'ture 'apa'ity +%r 'ir'um+erentially
ali(ne* +la,s Csu'/ as t/%se at (irt/ ,el*s4 subGe't t% an applie* l%n(itu*inal strain is re*u'e* i+ t/e pipeline is
pressuriJe*- T/is p/en%men%n is mainly 'ause* by in'rease* 'ra'& *ri)in( +%r'e- Assessment pr%'e*ures '%nsi*erin(
internal %)erpressure '%mbine* ,it/ l%n(itu*inal tensile strains are un*er *e)el%pment. an* a simple m%*el is
presente* in t/is stan*ar*- Analysis +%r su'/ situati%ns must be ,ell *%'umente* an* base* %n ,ell pr%)en
en(ineerin( prin'iples e-(- #D FE +ra'ture me'/ani's analysis an* a''epte* by all parties-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*4 T/e assessment temperature is *e+ine* as t/e temperature representati)e +%r t/e stress-strain '%n*iti%n
'%nsi*ere*- It may be ambient Ctypi'ally installati%n4. ele)ate* Ce-(- lateral bu'&lin(4 %r sub-Jer% Ce-(- s/ut-
*%,n4- All testin( s/%ul* be per+%rme* at t/e assessment temperature. see Subse'ti%n 3 an* 110-
I+ %t/er test temperatures are '/%sen it must be substantiate* t/at t/e testin( (i)es '%nser)ati)e results as
'%mpare* t% testin( at t/e assessment temperature-
)*# Depen*in( %n t/e le)el %+ m%n%t%ni' an* 'y'li' *e+%rmati%ns. t/e assessment pr%'e*ure an* re2uire*
testin( is *i)i*e* in 'ate(%ries as +%ll%,s0
a4 6a:imum l%n(itu*inal strain.
l.n%m
. e2ual t% %r lar(er t/an 0-;L. su++i: !%) static- EA stati'. may
+urt/er be S(eneri'T Csee Subse'ti%n 4 %r S+ullT Csee Subse'ti%n D4-
b4 I+ t/e ,el* +la, a''eptan'e 'riteria spe'i+ie* in App- D an* App- E are n%t satis+ie* an* t/e S-N 6iner sum
in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-= DF00 Cin'lusi)e %+ DFF4 is (reater t/an 0-001. su++i: !%) fatigue. see Subse'ti%n F-
I+ t/e ma:imum l%n(itu*inal strain.
l.n%m
. is less t/an 0-;L. it is a''eptable t% per+%rm EA as basis +%r
in'reasin( t/e 8T %r A8T a''eptan'e 'riteria spe'i+ie* in App-D Table D-> %r App-E Table E-1- H%,e)er. t/e
(eneral re'%mmen*ati%n is n%t t% use EA t% all%, +%r re*u'e* ,el* 2uality-
)*5 A pipeline may eit/er be *e+ine* a''%r*in( t% SEA stati'T. SEA +ati(ueT %r as a '%mbinati%n %+
Sstati'T an* S+ati(ueT- All p/ases *urin( manu+a'turin(. +abri'ati%n. installati%n an* %perati%n s/all be
e)aluate* an* in'lu*e* in t/e assessment %+ ma:imum all%,able +la, siJes- I+ t/e siJe %+ ,el* +la,s in*i'ates
p%tential +ailures *urin( installati%n %r %perati%n base* %n EA. t/e all%,able ,el* +la, siJes s/all be re*u'e*-
A typi'al EA pr%'ess is illustrate* in Fi(ure "-
Fig're 4
;ll's%ra%i!n !+ a %7(ical ECA (r!cess
)*& @/en '%nsi*erin( *i++erent l%a* 'ases *urin( installati%n an* %perati%n. e-(- installati%n by reelin( plus
installati%n +ati(ue plus +ree spannin( +ati(ue plus lateral bu'&lin(. it is a''eptable t% e)aluate i+ t/e *i++erent
l%a* 'ases represent system e++e't %r n%t Care all ,el*s subGe'te* t% all l%a* 'ases^4- I+ t/e pr%bability t/at t/e
same ,el* is subGe'te* t% m%re t/an %ne l%a* 'ase. in a**iti%n t% installati%n l%a*in(. is e)aluate* t% be less
t/an 10
-#
it is n%t re2uire* t% '%mbine t/%se l%a* 'ases an* t% a** t/e 'ra'& e:tensi%n +r%m ea'/ %+ t/em- As
an e:ample. i+ it is e)aluate* t/at less t/an 1 ,el* %ut %+ 1000 ,ill be subGe'te* t% b%t/ installati%n +ati(ue an*
+ree spannin( +ati(ue it is n%t re2uire* t% a** t/e 'ra'& e:tensi%n +%r b%t/ t/ese e)ents- H%,e)er. ea'/ ,el*
must be able t% ,it/stan* installati%n l%a*in( plus ea'/ %+ t/e separate subse2uent l%a* 'ases but it is %nly
re2uire* t% a** t/e 'ra'& e:tensi%n +r%m t/e a**iti%nal l%a* 'ases t/at are e)aluate* t% %''ur at t/at ,el* ,it/
a pr%bability lar(er t/an 10
-#
. see als% F10;-
I+ t/e S-N 6iner sum +%r a l%a* 'ase in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-= DF00 Cin'lusi)e %+ DFF4 is less t/an 0-001. t/e
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &&$
l%a* 'ase *%es n%t nee* t% be in'lu*e* in t/e EA-
)*2 It s/all be e)aluate* i+ t/e l%a*in( m%*e in '%nsi*erati%n is *ispla'ement '%ntr%lle* %r l%a* '%ntr%lle*
an* t/e assessment met/%*%l%(y s/all re+le't t/is- O++s/%re submarine pipelines are mainly *ispla'ement
'%ntr%lle* *urin( installati%n Ce-(- ben*in( '%ntr%lle* by 'ur)ature-4 an* it is a''eptable t% +%ll%, t/e
*ispla'ement '%ntr%lle* Cstrain-base*4 pr%'e*ure ,/i'/ is presente* in t/is stan*ar*-
@/ere t/e pipeline is l%a*-'%ntr%lle* Ce-(- s%me %perati%nal '%n*iti%ns %r ,/ilst in t/e lay 'atenary4 t/e spe'ial
'%nsi*erati%ns spe'i+ie* in 10H apply-
)*: I+ t/e l%a*in( m%*e is l%a* '%ntr%lle* an* it is natural t% spe'i+y t/e applie* l%a* as a tensi%n stress. t/e
assessment met/%*%l%(y spe'i+ie* in t/is Appen*i: 'an be use* ,it/ t/e +%ll%,in( '/an(es0
1 i+ pre-strainin( is rele)ant Csee Subse'ti%n 34. t/e +inal strain 'y'le applie* t% t/e test spe'imen blan&s s/all
en* in '%mpressi%n- Tensile test results an* +ra'ture t%u(/ness results +r%m t/is material s/all be use* in
t/e assessment
1 i+ pre-strainin( is n%t rele)ant t/e stress-strain 'ur)e use* in t/e assessments s/all represent a '/ara'teristi'
l%, stress-strain 'ur)e as *e+ine* bel%,
1 B
r.ma:
CB
r
'ut-%++4. see D"0F. s/all be *e+ine* as0
,/ere 8TS is t/e en(ineerin( tensile stren(t/ an* RS is t/e en(ineerin( yiel* stress %+ t/e parent pipe-
T/e '/ara'teristi' stress-strain 'ur)e +%r stress-base* l%a*in( s/all eit/er be *es'ribe*0
1 base* %n S6RS *e+ine* as R
t0-=
an* S6TS ,it/ Gusti+ie* uni+%rm el%n(ati%n
1 base* %n tensile test results ,/ere t/e RS an* 8TS are *etermine* as mean )alues minus : multiplie* by
t/e stan*ar* *e)iati%n. ,/ere : is t% be ta&en +r%m Table A-1- T/e tensile pr%perties *etermine* t/is ,ay
'%rresp%n* t% tensile pr%perties ,it/ "-#L sur)i)al pr%bability estimate* ,it/ at least H=L '%n+i*en'e-
T/e stress-strain 'ur)e s/all in'lu*e a yiel* *is'%ntinuity CBc*er plateau4 as rele)ant-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e *ata +r%m ,/i'/ t/e mean an* stan*ar* *e)iati%n are *eri)e* s/%ul* be representati)e %+ t/e %)erall p%pulati%n
%+ material un*er rele)ant '%n*iti%ns %+ temperature. pre-strainin( et'- Depen*in( %n t/e *ata a)ailable it may be
appr%priate t% use a '%mbinati%n %+ lab%rat%ry test *ata Ct% establis/ t/e in+luen'e %+ &ey parameters. an* t% establis/
t/e s/ape %+ t/e stress-strain 'ur)e un*er rele)ant '%n*iti%ns4 an* mill test *ata in l%n(itu*inal *ire'ti%n pre+erably
Ct% (ain a better pi'ture %+ %)erall p%pulati%n statisti's4- In su'/ 'ases. t/e appr%a'/ s/all be *%'umente* an* a''epte*
by all parties-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
F%r strain-base* l%a*in( see D"0;-
))* T/e e++e't %+ plasti' *e+%rmati%n. p%ssible a(ein( an* t/e assessment temperature s/all be ta&en int%
a''%unt ,/en +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( an* tensile testin( is per+%rme*. see Subse'ti%n 3-
C. Generic ECA +!r Gir%h Wel"s s'6Aec%e" %! S%rains ess %han 4.4#B Assesse" Acc!r"ing %!
ECA S%a%ic
C )** General
)*) T/e ma:imum all%,able +la,s spe'i+ie* in Table A-# t% A->. suitably a*Guste* t% a''%unt +%r siJin(
a''ura'y. may be use* +%r t/e +inal ,el* +la, a''eptan'e 'riteria- T/is is %nly a''eptable i+ all re2uirements
E2- A-1
Ta6le A-) N'$6er !+ s%an"ar" "e-ia%i!ns N %! 6e s'6%rac%e" +r!$ %he $ean GS an" UTS %! "eri-e
charac%eris%ic %ensile (ara$e%ers +!r s%ress-6ase" l!a"ing
4umber of tests+ n :
# H-";
= =-01
10 #-;=
1= #-0<
"0 "-FF
#0 "->=
=0 "-;F
100 "-#"
"-00
9S
3TS 9S
#
r
+
=
"
ma: .
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &&&
spe'i+ie* in A100. A#00 an* 10# are +ul+ille*-
)*4 T/e (eneri' EA is base* %n Be)el #! C+ra'ture resistan'e 'ur)e nee*e*4 a''%r*in( t% !S <H10 ,it/
amen*ments an* a*Gustments as *es'ribe* in t/is Appen*i:- T/e 'ra'& (r%,t/ in'lu*in( bluntin( Ct%tal a minus
a
0
4 s/all be measure* +%r all t/e SENT tests- F%r ea'/ set C# spe'imens4 %ne test s/all be teste* bey%n*
ma:imum l%a* Cn%t'/ %penin( *ispla'ement CV4 at ma:imum l%a* multiplie* by 1-14. %ne test s/all be teste*
t% ma:imum l%a* an* %ne test s/all be unl%a*e* be+%re ma:imum l%a*-
)*8 T/is (eneri' EA is n%t appli'able +%r t/e +%ll%,in( situati%ns0
1 'la* %r line* pipelines Cspe'ial a*)i'e must be s%u(/t4
1 pipelines subGe'te* t% a '%mbinati%n %+ internal %)erpressure an*
l.n%m
_ 0-;L. see D"0= Clast part4
1 ,/ere t/e (irt/ ,el*s /a)e un*er-mat'/in( stren(t/ '%mpare* t% t/e parent pipe. see D110
1 i+ m%re t/an = tensile strain 'y'les Cplasti' ben*in( %+ pipe in t/e same *ire'ti%n up t% = times4 are applie*
Ce-(- %ne '%ntin(en'y %perati%n *urin( reelin( installati%n is a''eptable4
1 i+ t/e (irt/ ,el*s are n%t teste* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Table A-". Subse'ti%n 3 an* Appen*i: !
1 i+ t/e linepipes /a)e n%t been teste* an* *esi(ne* a''%r*in( t% Se'-> an* Se'-<
1 i+ t/e *i++eren'e in yiel* stress bet,een a*Ga'ent linepipes e:'ee*s 100 6Pa
1 i+ t/e stress-strain 'ur)e e:/ibit a Bc*er plateau Cyiel* *is'%ntinuity in t/e stress-strain 'ur)e4 an* t/e
ma:imum len(t/ %+ t/e plateau seen *urin( pr%*u'ti%n tensile testin( an* tensile testin( a''%r*in( t% Table
A-" e:'ee*s "L
1 i+ e:perimentally *etermine* )alues %+ 7 *% n%t meet t/e re2uirements spe'i+ie* in Table A-# t% Table A-
> Csee Fi(ure #4
1 i+ si(ni+i'ant p%p-ins Csee e-(- !S <;;F0 Part 1 an* ;. AST6 E1F"0 %r ISO 1=>=#4 %r unstable +ra'ture
%''ur pri%r t% ma:imum l%a* *urin( +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin(
1 i+ (e%metry. applie* strain. +ra'ture t%u(/ness an* ma:imum misali(nment are n%t ,it/in t/e limitati%ns
spe'i+ie* in Table A-# t% Table A->
1 i+ t/e +%ll%,in( RSI8TS rati%s are n%t met *urin( t/e pr%*u'ti%n 2uali+i'ati%n tests %r t/e parent pipe
tensile testin( spe'i+ie* in Table A-"0
1 RSI8TS 0-H0 +%r -6n ,it/ S6RS === 6Pa
1 RSI8TS 0- F= +%r 1#r
)*4 I+ any %+ t/e re2uirements spe'i+ie* in 10# are n%t met. a +ull EA s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t%
Subse'ti%n D-
)*# @/ere t/e pipeline is subGe'te* t% +ati(ue *urin( %perati%n %r installati%n t/e ma:imum all%,able +la,
siJes *etermine* +r%m Tables A-# t% A-> s/all be a*Guste* t% a''%unt +%r p%ssible +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n F-
)*5 I+ EA is per+%rme* +%r t/e %perati%nal p/ase base* %n (eneri' EA +%r t/e installati%n p/ase. t/e 'ra'&
/ei(/t s/all be in'rease* by 0-= mm +%r t/e subse2uent %perati%nal EA i+ 0-;L M
l.n%m
1-0L *urin(
installati%n- I+
l.n%m
e:'ee*e* 1L *urin( installati%n t/e 'ra'& /ei(/t s/all be in'rease* by 1-0 mm +%r t/e
subse2uent %perati%nal EA in %r*er t% a''%unt +%r tearin(-
Fig're 8
N! > a %es% res'l%s shall en"-'( insi"e %he area in"ica%e"
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &&'
Ta6le A-4 Tes%ing re<'ire" +!r 'se !+ Kgeneric ECAL +!r s%rain c!n"i%i!ns
e<'al %! !r larger %han *.4B
)/= 4/
Type of test #ocation/6eld procedure Test *uantity
@el* metal tensile testin(
;4. =4
3irt/ ,el* #
Parent pipe tensile testin(
;4. =4
Parent pipe. l%n(itu*inal =
7 R testin( %+ SENT spe'imens
=4.

>4
6ain line # spe'imens +%r ea'/ n%t'/ p%siti%n. see
Appen*i: !
=4.

>4
D%uble G%int # spe'imens +%r ea'/ n%t'/ p%siti%n. see
Appen*i: !
=4.

>4
T/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repair
CTTR4
# spe'imens +%r ea'/ n%t'/ p%siti%n. see
Appen*i: !
=4.

>4
Partial repair
#4
# spe'imens +%r ea'/ n%t'/ p%siti%n. see
Appen*i: !
14 All ,el* pr%'e*ures ,/i'/ /a)e *i++erent essential )ariables a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: . Table -" s/all be teste*-
"4 T/e test temperatures an* material '%n*iti%n t% be teste* s/all be as spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n 3-
#4 I+ t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure an* /eat input is e2ual t% t/e t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repair pr%'e*ure. t/is testin( may be
%mitte*- I+ repeate* repairs are permitte* %r a(ree* rele)ant mi'r%stru'tures must be teste*-
;4 I+ pr%*u'ti%n tensile testin( is per+%rme* at t/e assessment temperature an* +ull stress-strain 'ur)es are establis/e*.
a**iti%nal tensile testin( is n%t re2uire*-
=4 T/e spe'imen (e%metry an* test re2uirements are spe'i+ie* in Appen*i: !-
>4 T/e bluntin( s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e tearin( len(t/-
Ta6le A-8 Ma,i$'$ all!1a6le +la1 siCes= a 4c O$$P= $a,i$'$ s%rain= *.4B
l=n!$
Q )B
)/= 4/= 8/
2
C4/mm N .2/m
J
D
4ominal outer diameter+ LR <JR+ 6T N nominal wall thic.ness
%($n7 S$9S >H= %($n7 S$9S N >LH %($n7 S$9S N HHH <K%r7 S$9S N HH=
>0
<H 6T B JH 6T JH <H 6T B JH 6T JH <H 6T B JH 6T JH <H 6T B JH 6T JH
7
0-=
? ;00 # "= # == # "= # ;0 # "0 # #0 # #0 # >0
an* ; "0 ; "= ; 1= ; "= ; 1= ; "0 ; "0 ; #=
7
1-0
? >00 = 1= = "0 = 1= = "0 = 10 = 1= = 1= ; "=
7
0-=
? >00 # =0 # 100 # ;= # H0 # #= # F0 # ;= # H=
an* ; #0 ; =0 ; "= ; ;= ; "0 ; ;0 ; "= ; ==
7
1-0
? F00 = "0 = #= = "0 = #0 = 1= = "= = "0 = ;0
7
0-=
? F00 # <0 # 1=0 # >= # 1;= # == # 11= # =0 # 100
an* ; ;0 ; F0 ; #= ; <0 ; #0 ; >0 ; #0 ; <0
7
1-0
? 1000 = "= = =0 = "= = ;= = "0 = ;0 = "= = =0
ma:
`mma. see D"0= 1-F "-= 1-F "-= 1-F "-= 1-F "-=
14 Bar(er all%,able +la, siJes may be a''eptable base* %n +ull EA-
"4 Only a''eptable i+ testin( as spe'i+ie* in Table A-" /as been per+%rme*-
#4 6a:imum all%,able +la, siJe. a "' re+ers t% /ei(/t an* len(t/ respe'ti)ely %+ b%t/ sur+a'e brea&in( an* embe**e* +la,s- I+
t/e embe**e* +la, is l%'ate* 'l%se t% t/e sur+a'e Cli(ament /ei(/t less t/an /al+ t/e +la, /ei(/t4 t/e li(ament /ei(/t bet,een t/e
+la, an* t/e sur+a'e s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e +la, /ei(/t- T/e 8TIA8T +la, siJin( err%r must be subtra'te* +r%m t/e ma:imum
all%,able +la, /ei(/t t% establis/ t/e 8TIA8T ,el* +la, a''eptan'e 'riteria. see Appen*i: D an* Appen*i: E-

;4 Als% a''eptable +%r ""r an* "=r pipelines-
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &&1
Ta6le A-4 Ma,i$'$ all!1a6le +la1 siCes= a 4c O$$P= $a,i$'$ s%rain= *.4B
l=n!$
Q )B
)/= 4/= 8/
2
C4/mm N .2/m
J
D
4ominal outer diameter+ <JR B <IR+ 6T N nominal wall thic.ness
>0
7
0-=
? ;00 # #= # <= # #0 # == # "= # ;0 # ;0 # H0
an* ; "0 ; #0 ; "0 ; #0 ; 1= ; "= ; "= ; ;=
7
1-0
? >00 = 1= = "= = 1= = "0 = 1= = "0 = "0 = #0
7
0-=
? >00 # >= # 1=0 # >0 # 1#= # =0 # 11= # >= # 1;=
an* ; #= ; <= ; #0 ; >= ; "= ; =0 ; #= ; F0
7
1-0
? F00 = "= = ;= = "0 = ;0 = "0 = #0 = "= = =0
7
0-=
? F00 # H= # 1=0 # F= # 1=0 # F0 # 1=0 # <= # 1=0
an* ; =0 ; 11= ; ;= ; 100 ; ;0 ; F= ; ;= ; 10=
7
1-0
? 1000 = #= = <0 = #0 = >0 = "= = =0 = #0 = <0
ma:
`mma.
see D"0=
1-F "-= 1-F "-= 1-F "-= 1-F "-=
Ta6le A-# Ma,i$'$ all!1a6le +la1 siCes= a 4c O$$P= $a,i$'$ s%rain= *.4B
l=n!$
Q )B
)/= 4/= 8/
2
C4/mm N .2/m
J
D
4ominal outer diameter+ @ <IR+ 6T N nominal wall thic.ness
>0
7
0-=
? ;00 # ;0 # H0 # #0 # <0 # "= # =0 # =0 # 1"=
an* ; "0 ; #= ; "0 ; #= ; 1= ; #0 ; #0 ; >0
7
1-0
? >00 = 1= = "= = 1= = "= = 1= = "= = "0 = ;0
7
0-=
? >00 # F0 # 1=0 # <0 # 1=0 # >0 # 1;0 # F= # 1=0
an* ; ;0 ; H0 ; #= ; <= ; #0 ; >0 ; ;= ; 10=
7
1-0
? F00 = "= = =0 = "= = ;= = "0 = #= = "0 = >=
7
0-=
? F00 # 1"0 # 1=0 # 10= # 1=0 # H= # 1=0 # 100 # 1=0
an* ; >0 ; 1;= ; =0 ; 1"= ; ;= ; 10= ; >0 ; 1;=
7
1-0
? 1000 = #= = F0 = #= = <0 = #0 = >0 = ;0 = H0
ma:
`mma.
see D"0=
1-= "-0 1-= "-0 1-= "-0 1-= "-0
D. Gir%h Wel"s 'n"er S%rain-6ase" !a"ing Assesse" Acc!r"ing %! ECA S%a%ic - F'll
D )** General
)*) T/e assessment pr%'e*ure spe'i+ie* in t/is subse'ti%n /as been use* su''ess+ully +%r many years- It is
&n%,n t/at t/e Qcrac. driving forceR CDF4 +%r (irt/ ,el*s ,it/%ut misali(nments an* ,el* resi*ual stresses
is ina''urately assesse* in s%me 'ases- H%,e)er. t/e ,el* metal /as typi'ally %)er-mat'/in( stren(t/
'%mpare* ,it/ t/e parent pipe material an* t/is is n%t a''%unte* +%r in t/e assessments- Furt/erm%re. t/e
*e+initi%n %+ ,el* resi*ual stresses are belie)e* t% be '%nser)ati)e an* base* %n (eneral in*ustry e:perien'e
t/e ,/%le assessment met/%*%l%(y /as pr%)en t% be '%nser)ati)e-
It is n%t a''eptable t% rela: t/e ma(nitu*e %+ ,el* resi*ual stresses t% l%,er t/an spe'i+ie* in t/is Appen*i: %r
t% ma&e %t/er inputs less si(ni+i'ant t/an spe'i+ie* in t/is Se'ti%n ,it/%ut +urt/er e)i*en'e- Assessment
appr%a'/es n%t in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/is Appen*i: s/all be '%mpare* ,it/ DF *eri)e* ,it/ *e*i'ate* FE
analyses. see Subse'ti%n E-
I+ %t/er pr%'e*ures t/an spe'i+ie* in t/is Subse'ti%n are use* t% *eri)e ,el* +la, a''eptan'e 'riteria t/e results
,ill in (eneral n%t satis+y t/is Stan*ar* an* it must be up t% t/e en* user t% a''ept t/e +inal ,el* +la, a''eptan'e
'riteria *eri)e*-
)*4 T/e re'%mmen*e* pr%'e*ure is t% assess ma:imum all%,able e:ternal sur+a'e +la,s. internal sur+a'e
+la,s an* embe**e* +la,s ,it/ li(ament /ei(/t #mm- H%,e)er. it is a''eptable t% %nly assess sur+a'e brea&in(
+la,s an* t% re(ar* t/e ma:imum all%,able +la, /ei(/ts assesse* as )ali* als% +%r embe**e* +la,s ,it/ t/e
same len(t/-
Table A-< spe'i+ies /%, t/e 'riti'al +la, siJes s/all be assesse* a''%r*in( t% t/is pr%'e*ure-
Ta6le A-5 Ma,i$'$ all!1a6le +la1 siCes= a 4c O$$P= $a,i$'$ s%rain= ).*B Q
l=n!$
Q 4.4#B
)/= 4/= 8/
2
C4/mm N .2/m
J
D
4ominal outer diameter+ LR <IR+ 6T N nominal wall thic.ness
>0
7
0-=
? ;00 # "0 # #= # "0 # #0 # 1= # "= # 1= # "=
an* ; 1= ; "0 ; 1= ; "0 ; 10 ; 1= ; 10 ; "0
7
1-0
? >00 = 10 = 1= = 10 = 1= ; 10 = 10 = 1=
7
0-=
? >00 # #= # F= # #= # <= # #0 # >0 # #0 # >0
an* ; "0 ; ;0 ; "0 ; #= ; "0 ; #0 ; "0 ; #0
7
1-0
? F00 = 1= = #0 = 1= = "= = 1= = "0 = 1= = "=
7
0-=
? F00 # ;= # H= # ;= # H= # ;= # H= # #= # <=
an* ; #0 ; >= ; #0 ; >0 ; "= ; =0 ; "= ; =0
7
1-0
? 1000 = "0 = ;0 = "0 = ;0 = "0 = #0 = 1= = #0
ma:
`mma.
see D"0=
1-= "-0 1-= "-0 1-= "-0 1-= "-0
14 Bar(er all%,able +la, siJes may be a''eptable base* %n +ull EA
"4 Only a''eptable i+ testin( as spe'i+ie* in Table A-" /as been per+%rme*
all%,able +la, /ei(/t t% establis/ t/e 8TIA8T ,el* +la, a''eptan'e 'riteria. see Appen*i: D an* Appen*i: E
;4 Als% a''eptable +%r ""r an* "=r pipelines
G'i"ance n!%eF
It is n%t re2uire* t% '%n*u't t/ree *i++erent types %+ +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( t% '%)er e:ternal sur+a'e. internal
sur+a'e an* embe**e* sur+a'e i+ t/e result representin( %ne +la, type is representati)e %r '%nser)ati)e +%r an%t/er
+la, type. e-(- +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( in air at minimum installati%n temperature (i)es representati)e +ra'ture
t%u(/ness *es'ripti%n +%r all +la, types assesse* in an EA +%r t/e installati%n sta(e- See als% Subse'ti%n 3 an*
Appen*i: !
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
T/e applie* primary stresses s/all be *e+ine* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ "0=-
)*8 F%r l%a*-'%ntr%lle* '%n*iti%ns. t/is pr%'e*ure may be +%ll%,e* pr%)i*e* !10H is +%ll%,e*-
)*4 I+ t/e (eneri' EA is n%t appli'able %r i+ t/e ma:imum all%,able +la, siJes assesse* by EA (eneri'
are n%t as re2uire*I*esirable a +ull EA s/all be per+%rme* ,/i'/ may impr%)e t/e results-
)*# T/e EA pr%)i*es all%,able +la, /ei(/ts ,it/%ut 8TIA8T +la, siJin( err%r- F%r *eterminati%n %+ ,el*
+la, a''eptan'e 'riteria. see Appen*i: D an* Appen*i: E-
)*5 T/e linepipes s/all be teste* an* *esi(ne* a''%r*in( t% Se'-> an* Se'-< an* t/e (irt/ ,el*s s/all be teste*
a''%r*in( t% Table A-F. Subse'ti%n 3 an* Appen*i: !-
)*& T/e EA stati' E +ull pr%'e*ure is %nly a''eptable i+ limitati%ns spe'i+ie* in A100 an* A#00 applies-
)*2 Full EA re2uires m%re testin( t/an t/e (eneri' EA. see Table A-" an* Table A-F- Tests alrea*y
per+%rme* +%r a (eneri' EA may be use* ,/en '%nstru'tin( t/e 7 R-'ur)es re2uire* +%r t/e +ull EA-
)*: T/e 'ra'& (r%,t/ in'lu*in( bluntin( Ct%tal a minus a
0
4 s/all be measure* +%r all t/e SENT tests- A
minimum %+ > SENT spe'imens s/%ul* be use* t% '%nstru't a 7 R-'ur)e +%r ea'/ ,el* pr%'e*ure '%nsi*ere*-
It is su((este* t/at %ne spe'imen is teste* bey%n* ma:imum l%a* Cn%t'/ %penin( *ispla'ement CV4 at
ma:imum l%a*. multiplie* by at least 1-1 Ct/is is parti'ularly imp%rtant +%r t/inner test spe'imens44. t/at t,%
spe'imens are teste* t% ar%un* ma:imum l%a* an* t/at t/e remainin( # spe'imens are unl%a*e* pri%r t%
ma:imum l%a* at *i++erent V )alues- It is *esirable t% /a)e %ne test ,it/ less t/an 0-#mm 'ra'& e:tensi%n-
Ta6le A-& Assess$en% !+ cri%ical +la1 siCes
Type of flaw Stress intensity
factor solution
Reference stress
solution
&racture toughness 6eld residual
stress+ 8
m
$
&

-SSM<=
E:ternal sur+a'e
+la,s
As per !S <H10.
plate s%luti%n
6-#-"
!S <H10. 'ylin*er
s%luti%n. P-;-#-"
SENT testin( in
en)ir%nment representati)e
+%r t/e e:ternal sur+a'e
E2ual t% RS
%+ parent pipe.
uni+%rm
t/r%u(/
t/i'&ness-
Rela:ati%n
un*er t/e
in+luen'e %+
t/e applie*
l%a*s is
all%,e*-
N%t
re2uire* i+
l.n%m

e:'ee*s
0-;L
Internal sur+a'e
+la,s
As per !S <H10.
plate s%luti%n
6-;-#-#-"
!S <H10. 'ylin*er
s%luti%n. P-;-#-"
SENT testin( in
+%r t/e internal sur+a'e
14
Embe**e* +la,s As per !S <H10.
plate s%luti%n
6-#-;
%r 6-#-" Csur+a'e
+la,4
!S <H10. plate
s%luti%n. P-#-;
%r P-;-#-"
Csur+a'e +la,4
SENT testin( in
+%r embe**e* +la,s
14 It is n%t re2uire* t% spe'i+i'ally assess embe**e* +la,s ,/ere t/e *istan'e t% t/e nearest sur+a'e Cli(ament /ei(/t4 is su'/ t/at
t/e li(ament /ei(/t is m%re t/an /al+ t/e +la, /ei(/t itsel+- In su'/ 'ase t/e embe**e* +la, may be '%nsi*ere* e2ually as a
sur+a'e +la, ,it/ t/e same /ei(/t an* len(t/- I+ t/e li(ament /ei(/t is less t/an /al+ t/e embe**e* +la, /ei(/t t/e +la, s/all be
*e+ine* as a sur+a'e +la, ,/ere t/e +la, /ei(/t is *e+ine* as t/e li(ament /ei(/t plus t/e embe**e* +la, /ei(/t- It is /%,e)er
al,ays a''eptable t% assess embe**e* +la,s as embe**e* +la,s in a plate in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !S <H10 but t/is ,ill (i)e
'%nser)ati)e results-
It is als% a''eptable t% '%nstru't a 7 R-'ur)e +r%m a sin(le-spe'imen pr%'e*ure i+ t/e pr%'e*ure is su++i'iently
)ali*ate*- I+ a sin(le-spe'imen pr%'e*ure is use* t/e '/ara'teristi' 7 R-'ur)e s/all be '%nstru'te* su'/ t/at n%
parts %+ t/e 7 R-'ur)es %btaine* +r%m testin( is l%,er t/an t/e '/ara'teristi' 'ur)e use* in t/e assessments-
))* T/e parent pipe tensile pr%perties an* t/e ,el* metal tensile pr%perties s/all be assume* t% be e)en-
mat'/in( in t/e assessment. i-e- t/e stress-strain 'ur)e %+ t/e parent pipe material s/all be use* in t/e
assessments- !e'ause %+ t/e assumpti%n %+ e)en-mat'/in(. it is assume* t/at t/e primary stresses are e2ual +%r
+la,s l%'ate* at t/e Fusi%n Bine CFB4 an* +%r +la,s l%'ate* ,it/in t/e ,el* metal-
I+ ,el* metal stren(t/ %)ermat'/ is n%t %btaine* +%r all material '%n*iti%ns. t/e pr%'e*ure +%r *eterminati%n %+
applie* stresses spe'i+ie* in D"0= is n%t a''eptable an* spe'ial a*)i'e must be s%u(/t-
A stren(t/ %)ermat'/in( ,el* is %btaine* i+ t/e tensile stress-strain 'ur)es +%r t/e ,el* metal are /i(/er t/an
t/e tensile stress-strain 'ur)e %+ t/e parent pipe +%r all material '%n*iti%ns- T/is is '%nsi*ere* +ul+ille* i+ t/e
results +r%m tensile testin( s/%, t/e +%ll%,in(0
1 All RS an* 8TS )alues %+ t/e ,el* metal is at least as /i(/ as t/e /i(/est RS an* 8TS )alues +%r t/e parent
pipe material respe'ti)ely-
an*
1 T/e mean )alue %+ RS an* 8TS +%r t/e ,el* metal is /i(/er t/an t/e mean )alue %+ RS an* 8TS +%r t/e
parent pipe respe'ti)ely plus t/e stan*ar* *e)iati%n multiplie* by t/e +a't%r U +r%m Table A-H-
))) @el* resi*ual stresses s/all in (eneral be assume* t% be uni+%rm an* e2ual t% t/e yiel* stress %+ t/e parent
pipe an* rela:ati%n a''%r*in( t% !S <H10 is a''eptable- I+ t/e ,el* resi*ual stress *istributi%n is *%'umente*
by su++i'ient simulati%ns. it is a''eptable t% *e+ine t/e stress *istributi%n m%re a''urately. but t/en rela:ati%n
a''%r*in( t% !S <H10 is n%t a''eptable- T/e yiel* stress use* +%r *eterminin( t/e ,el* resi*ual stress s/%ul*
be '%nsistent ,it/ t/e assume* stress-strain 'ur)e-
))4 @/ere t/e pipeline is subGe'te* t% +ati(ue l%a*in( *urin( installati%n an*I%r %perati%n t/e ma:imum
all%,able +la, siJes *etermine* +r%m t/e EA s/all be a*Guste* t% a''%unt +%r p%ssible +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/
i+ re2uire* a''%r*in( t% !10< an* Subse'ti%n F- Fati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ analyses s/all be per+%rme* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n F-
D 4** Assess$en% $e%h!"!l!g7
4*) Strain base* assessments ,it/
l.n%m
e:'ee*in( 0-;L *urin( installati%n s/all be 'arrie* %ut in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ !S <H10 at assessment Be)el #! ,it/ amen*ments an* a*Gustments as *es'ribe* in t/is
Appen*i:- I+
l.n%m
is less t/an 0-;L it is a''eptable t% 'arry %ut a Be)el "! assessment in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !S
<H10 ,it/ amen*ments an* a*Gustments as *es'ribe* in t/is Appen*i:- !%t/ assessments base* %n t/e Be)el
"! an* #! pr%'e*ures re2uire t/at material spe'i+i' stress-strain 'ur)es are establis/e*- Fra'ture resistan'e
'ur)es C7 R- %r TOD R-'ur)e4 is +urt/er re2uire* +%r assessments a''%r*in( t% Be)el #! ,/ile sin(le
parameter +ra'ture t%u(/ness is re2uire* +%r Be)el "! CTOD %r 74-
It is re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e +ra'ture resistan'e 'ur)es are presente* as 7 R-'ur)es establis/e* +r%m SENT testin(
a''%r*in( t% DNV-RP-F10F. an* Appen*i: ! Csee als% Subse'ti%n 3 +%r +urt/er *etails4- T/is is t% ensure t/at
a p%ssible ,el* +la, ,ill n%t lea* t% +ra'ture *ue t% *u'tile tearin(- Furt/er. an assessment at Be)el #! +%r t/e
Ta6le A-2 Tes%ing re<'ire" +!r gir%h 1el"s in (i(elines 1i%h ca%eg!r7 ECA s%a%ic F'll ECA
)/= 4/
Type of test #ocation/6eld procedure Test *uantity
@el* metal tensile testin(
;4. =4
3irt/ ,el* #
Parent pipe tensile testin(
;4. =4
Parent pipe. l%n(itu*inal =
7-R testin( %+ SENT spe'imens
=4. >4
6ain line One 7 R-'ur)e Cminimum > SENT4 +%r ea'/
n%t'/ p%siti%n. see Appen*i: !
=4. >4
D%uble G%int One 7 R-'ur)e Cminimum > SENT4 +%r ea'/
=4. >4
T/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repair
CTTR4
One 7 R-'ur)e Cminimum > SENT4 +%r ea'/
=4. >4
Partial repair
#4
One 7 R-'ur)e Cminimum > SENT4 +%r ea'/
14 All ,el* pr%'e*ures ,/i'/ /a)e *i++erent essential )ariables a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: . Table -" s/all be teste*-
"4 T/e test temperatures an* material '%n*iti%n t% be teste* s/all be as spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n 3-
#4 I+ t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure an* /eat input is e2ual t% t/e t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repair pr%'e*ure. t/is testin( may be %mitte*- I+ repeate*
repairs are permitte* %r a(ree* rele)ant mi'r%stru'tures must be teste*-
;4 I+ pr%*u'ti%n tensile testin( is per+%rme* at t/e assessment temperature an* +ull stress-strain 'ur)es are establis/e*. a**iti%nal
tensile testin( is n%t re2uire*-
=4 T/e spe'imen (e%metry an* test re2uirements are spe'i+ie* in Appen*i: !-
>4 T/e bluntin( s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e tearin( len(t/-
installati%n p/ase pr%)i*es in+%rmati%n ab%ut t/e +la, siJe a+ter installati%n ,/i'/ is nee*e* +%r assessin(
p%ssible +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ an* +ra'ture *urin( %perati%n-
F%r t/e %perati%nal p/ase '%nsi*erin( a '%mbinati%n %+ internal %)erpressure an* l%n(itu*inal l%a*in( see last
part %+ "0=-
4*4 I+ an EA is per+%rme*. t/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements an* re'%mmen*ati%ns are appli'able0
1 T/e n%minal ,all t/i'&ness minus t/e manu+a'turin( t%leran'e %+ t/e pipe s/all be use* in assessments
'%nsi*erin( installati%n Ci-e- t
1
? t - t
+ab
4-
1 A suitable '%rr%si%n all%,an'e s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e assessments *urin( t/e %perati%nal li+e %+ t/e
pipeline- At t/e en* %+ *esi(n li+e t/e ,/%le '%rr%si%n all%,an'e s/all be subtra'te*. Ci-e- t
"
? t - t
+ab
- t
'%rr
4-
1 In 'ase %+ +itness-+%r-purp%se e)aluati%ns it is a''eptable t% base t/e t/i'&ness %n inspe'te* )alues-
1 T/e assessments s/all be t/%r%u(/ly *e+ine* an* presente* su'/ t/at t/e assessment results are
repr%*u'ible by a #r* party-
1 T/e sensiti)ity %+ *i++erent input parameters an* t/e '%nser)atism %+ t/e results s/%ul* be e)aluate* an*
*is'usse*-
4*8 Re2uire* inputs +%r an assessment a''%r*in( t% EA Stati' E Full. are0
1 pipe *imensi%ns. ,el* *imensi%ns an* *imensi%nal t%leran'es
1 tensile pr%perties in t/e +%rm %+ '%mplete en(ineerin( stress-strain 'ur)es +%r t/e parent pipe material an*
e)i*en'e t/at t/e ,el* metal stress-strain 'ur)e %)er-mat'/es t/e parent pipe stress-strain 'ur)e. see D110
1 +ra'ture t%u(/ness *ata +%r spe'imens ,it/ n%t'/es l%'ate* b%t/ ,it/in t/e ,el* metal an* at %r near t/e
+usi%n b%un*ary as spe'i+ie* in t/is Appen*i: an* Appen*i: !
1 t/e B
r
'ut-%++ )alue Csee D"0F4
1 ma:imum a''eptable tearin( Cstable 'ra'& e:tensi%nI(r%,t/4 Csee D"0H4
1 applie* strain /ist%ry *urin( t/e installati%n p/ase an* se'%n*ary stresses Ce-(- resi*ual stresses +r%m t/e
,el*in( %r installati%n pr%'esses4
1 applie* ma:imum l%n(itu*inal *esi(n stressIstrain appli'able t% t/e %perati%nal li+e
1 'y'li' stress /ist%ry appli'able t% t/e pipeline ,/ilst it is in t/e lay 'atenary '%n+i(urati%n an* *urin( t/e
%perati%nal li+e-
4*4 Tensile pr%perties an* stress-strain 'ur)e +%r strain-base* assessments s/all be *etermine* as +%ll%,s0
1 tensile testin( per+%rme* *urin( pr%*u'ti%n %r 2uali+i'ati%n s/all be issue* t% t/e EA '%ntra't%r an* t/e
results s/all be '%nsi*ere* ,/en t/e material spe'i+i' stress-strain 'ur)e is '%nstru'te*
1 stress-strain 'ur)es up t% t/e uni+%rm el%n(ati%n Cstrain at 8TS4 s/%ul* be rep%rte* +r%m t/e tensile testin(
1 t/e tensile pr%perties use* in t/e EA s/all *es'ribe a '/ara'teristi' /i(/ stress-strain 'ur)e ,it/ l%, strain
/ar*enin(- T/is /i(/ stress-strain 'ur)e s/all be '%nstru'te* base* %n tensile test results +r%m t/e rele)ant
material '%n*iti%n as +%ll%,s0
1 '/ara'teristi' yiel* stress CRS4 *e+ine* as eit/er t/e spe'i+ie* ma:imum yiel* stress. %r t/e mean yiel*
stress establis/e* +r%m testin( plus +a't%r : multiplie* ,it/ t/e stan*ar* *e)iati%n. ,/ere U is t% be
ta&en +r%m Table A-H
1 tensile stren(t/ C8TS4 *e+ine* as t/e minimum 8TSIRS rati% e:istin( in t/e test p%pulati%n Ci-e- t/e
tensile tests ,it/ t/e l%,est 8TSIRS rati%n4 multiplie* by t/e '/ara'teristi' /i(/ RS
1 t/e stress-strain 'ur)e s/all /a)e a Bc*er plateau as rele)ant an* t/e strain at 8TS Cuni+%rm el%n(ati%n4
s/all n%t be l%,er t/an t/e mean uni+%rm el%n(ati%n )alue establis/e* +r%m t/e testin(-
1 Table A-H (i)es t/e '/ara'teristi' yiel* stress +%r strain-base* l%a*in( *e+ine* as t/e F;-1L +ra'tile Cmean
)alue plus %ne stan*ar* *e)iati%n4 ,it/ H=L '%n+i*en'e
1 i+ parametri' +%rmulas are use* t/e resultin( stress-strain 'ur)e s/all +it t/e s/ape %+ t/e e:perimental
results reas%nably ,ell. espe'ially ar%un* yiel*
Ta6le A-: N'$6er !+ s%an"ar" "e-ia%i!ns Z %! 6e a""e" %! $ean GS %! "eri-e charac%eris%ic s%ress-
s%rain (r!(er%ies +!r s%rain-6ase" l!a"ing
4umber of tests+ n :
# =-01
= "-F"
10 1-H#
1= 1->H
"0 1-=<
#0 1-;;
=0 1-#"
100 1-""
1-00
1 true unia:ial stress-strain 'ur)es s/all be use* as basis +%r t/e +ailure assessment 'ur)e- En(ineerin( stress-
strain 'ur)es s/all be '%n)erte* t% true stress-strain 'ur)es as +%ll%,s0
1 an* ,ere s. e represent true stress an* true strain an* . represent en(ineerin(
stress an* strain- T/ese '%rrelati%n +%rmulas are %nly )ali* up t% t/e en(ineerin( 8TS-
1 +%r l%a* '%ntr%lle* '%n*iti%ns see !10# an* !10H-
4*# Determinati%n %+ t/e applie* stresses s/all +%ll%, t/e +%ll%,in( pr%'e*ure0
1 F%r unia:ial l%a*in( t/e n%minal stress s/all be *etermine* +r%m t/e n%minal strain +r%m t/e '/ara'teristi'
stress-strain 'ur)e +%r strain-base* l%a*in( C/i(/ 'ur)e ,it/ l%, strain /ar*enin(. see D"0;4- T/is stress is
*e+ine* as t/e primary membrane stress. P
m
. a''%r*in( t% !S <H10-
1 F%r %perati%nal 'ases '%nsi*erin( '%mbine* internal %)er-pressure an* l%n(itu*inal strain see t/e
instru'ti%ns at t/e en* %+ t/is para(rap/-
1 Assumpti%ns %+ l%'al *ispla'ement '%ntr%l in)%l)in( rela:ati%n %+ t/e stress le)el *ue t% 'ra'& (r%,t/ are
n%t a''eptable-
1 T/e n%minal stress s/all be in'rease* be'ause %+ an assume* stress '%n'entrati%n +a't%r CSF4 *ue t%
misali(nment at t/e (irt/ ,el*- T/e Neuber appr%a'/ may be applie*- T/e stress ma(ni+i'ati%n is *e+ine*
as a primary ben*in( stress. P
b
. a''%r*in( t% !S <H10-
T/e SF use* in t/e EA 'al'ulati%n +%r e:ternal +la,s may be 'al'ulate* a''%r*in( t% DNV-RP-"0#0
It is a''eptable t% 'al'ulate t/e SF ,it/ t/e +%ll%,in( assumpti%ns. see Fi(ure ;0
T/e hi/lo s/%ul* be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D. Table D-;- H%,e)er. ,el* '%ntra't%rs %+ten spe'i+y a
ma:imum )alue %+ hi/lo
ROOT
,/i'/ is smaller t/an t/e all%,able /iIl%- T/is is a''eptable but must be
*%'umente*- N%te t/at hi/lo
ROOT
may be less t/an t/e misali(nment-
E2- A-"
@/ere
E2- A-#
E2- A-;
T an* t ? @all t/i'&ness %+ t/e pipes %n ea'/ si*e %+ t/e (irt/ ,el*. T _ t
? E''entri'ities C,all t/i'&ness *i++eren'es. %ut-%+-r%un*ness. 'entre e''entri'ities et'-4
B
AP
? @i*t/ %+ ,el* 'ap
D ? Outsi*e *iameter %+ pipe
?
E2- A-=
( ) 1 + = s ( ) 1 ln + = e
\
|
+
+ = e
t
T
t
S%&
1
1 >
1
Cappli'able +%r TIt M "4

\
|
+
=
t
T t
#
%)P
1
1 F" - 1
"
l%(
0 - #
l%(
0 - 1
= - 1
(
\
|
+
|
\
|
=
t
"
I I
%)P R55T
lo hi lo hi +
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &'%
Fig're 4
;ll's%ra%i!n !+ h!1 %he $a,i$'$ SCF $a7 6e ass'$e"
F%r internal sur+a'e +la,s %+ sin(le si*e* ,el*s a l%,er SF may be use*. base* %n t/e +%ll%,in(0
,/ere
Embe**e* +la,s in t/e upper /al+ %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness s/all in'lu*e a SF as use* +%r e:ternal sur+a'e +la,s-
Embe**e* +la,s in t/e l%,er /al+ %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness s/all in'lu*e a SF as use* +%r internal sur+a'e +la,s-
T/e Neuber met/%* ,as %ri(inally *e)el%pe* t% assess strains at n%t'/es- It /as been e:tensi)ely use* +%r
pipeline (irt/ ,el*s subGe'te* t% plasti' strains ,it/ (%%* e:perien'e an* /as been a*%pte* +%r use in t/is
Appen*i:-
T/e Neuber met/%* is *e+ine* by t/e +%ll%,in( e2uati%n0
,/ere
An illustrati%n %+ t/e Neuber rule is s/%,n in Fi(ure =-
E2- A->
B
AP
? @i*t/ %+ ,el* 'ap
B
ROOT
? @i*t/ %+ ,el* r%%t
SF
AP
? SF +%r e:ternal sur+a'e +la,s *etermine* +r%m ab%)e e2uati%ns
E2- A-<
SF ? elasti' stress '%n'entrati%n +a't%r
1
? n%minal stress Ce:'lu*in( SF4
1
? n%minal strain Ce:'lu*in( SF4
"
? a'tual stress Cin'lu*in( SF4
"
? a'tual strain Cin'lu*in( SF4
( )
%)P
R55T
%)P R55T
#
#
S%& S%& 1 1 + =
"
1 1 " "
S%& =
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &'$
Fig're #
;ll's%ra%i!n !+ %he Ne'6er r'le
N%rmally. t/e l%'al stress intensity ma(ni+i'ati%n +a't%r 6
&
is applie* t% ,el*e* '%nne'ti%ns- T/is in'reases
t/e stress intensity +a't%r t% a''%unt +%r t/e presen'e %+ t/e ,el* t%e- It is a''eptable t% e:'lu*e t/e 6
&
+a't%r
+%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s i+
l.n%m
is e:'ee*in( 0-;L pr%)i*e* t/e applie* stress is *e+ine* a''%r*in( t% t/e
pr%'e*ure spe'i+ie* ab%)e-
I+ t/e *i++eren'e in yiel* stress bet,een a*Ga'ent pipes e:'ee*s 100 6Pa. see Se'-<. I#0#. %r t/e ,all t/i'&ness
t%leran'es spe'i+ie* in Se'-<. Table <-1< t% Table <-1H. are n%t +ul+ille*. n%n-linear FE analyses s/all be
per+%rme*. eit/er t% *etermine '%rre't applie* stresses %r t% per+%rm a Be)el # Cs%li* #D FE +ra'ture
me'/ani's4 assessment-
@el* resi*ual stresses s/all be assume* +%r (irt/ ,el*s in t/e as-,el*e* '%n*iti%n. see D111-
Re'ent resear'/ /as s/%,n t/at t/e '%mbinati%n %+ internal %)er-pressure an* l%n(itu*inal l%a*in( may be
m%re %ner%us t/an l%n(itu*inal l%a*in( al%ne- H%,e)er. t/ere is 'urrently n% )ali*ate* an* (enerally a''epte*
pr%'e*ure +%r assessin( t/e '%mbine* l%a*in( an* ea'/ 'ase s/all be e)aluate* separately an* t/e pr%'e*ure
a''epte* by all parties-
T/e resear'/ results in*i'ate t/at t/e re*u'ti%n in strain 'apa'ity is 'ause* by an in'rease in t/e 'ra'& *ri)in(
+%r'e Capplie* 7 %r applie* TOD4 but t/at t/e material +ra'ture t%u(/ness is n%t in+luen'e*- T/is means t/at
i+ t/e 'ra'& *ri)in( +%r'e is *etermine* +r%m *e*i'ate* s%li* #D FE +ra'ture me'/ani's analyses %r ,ell
*%'umente* an* )ali*ate* resear'/ results it is a''eptable t% use SENT testin( t% *etermine t/e +ra'ture
resistan'e als% +%r t/e '%mbinati%n %+ internal %)er-pressure an* l%n(itu*inal l%a*in(-
F%r assessments %+ situati%ns ,it/ l%n(itu*inal strains.
l.n%m
. e2ual t% %r less t/an 0-;L un*er internal %)er-
pressure t/e applie* stress. P
m
. may be *etermine* as +%ll%,s0
1 T/e ma:imum bia:ial l%n(itu*inal stress in t/e pipeline base* %n FE analyses t/at in'lu*e t/e in+luen'e %+
internal %)er-pressure-
%r
1 T/e bia:ial l%n(itu*inal stress.
b-a
. 'al'ulate* as0
,/ere
%r
E2- A-F
u-a
? 8nia:ial l%n(itu*inal stress *etermine* +r%m
l.n%m
an* t/e unia:ial stress-strain 'ur)e
/
? H%%p stress
" "
;
#
"
h a u
h
a b

+ =

*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &'&
T/e bi-a:ial e++e't is n%t in'lu*e* in t/e applie* stress. but t% '%mpensate +%r t/is e++e't /i(/ '%nstraint SEN!
spe'imens s/all be teste* t% ensure '%nser)ati)e +ra'ture t%u(/ness-
T/e true unia:ial stress-strain 'ur)e s/all be use* t% *e+ine t/e FAD an* t/e unia:ial yiel* stress s/%ul* be use*
t% *etermine t/e )alue %+ B
r
- P%ssible misali(nments s/all be a''%unte* +%r als% +%r bi-a:ial '%n*iti%ns- It is
a''eptable t% apply t/e Neuber rule base* %n t/e bi-a:ial stress an* t/e uni-a:ial stress-strain 'ur)e-
F%r assessment %+ situati%ns ,it/ l%n(itu*inal strains.
l.n%m
. ab%)e 0-;L un*er internal %)er-pressure s%li* #D
FE +ra'ture me'/ani's analyses s/all be per+%rme*. see Subse'ti%n E-
4*5 T/e re+eren'e stress.
re+
. s/all be 'al'ulate* a''%r*in( t% t/e s%luti%ns spe'i+ie* in Table A-<-
G'i"ance n!%eF
It is a''eptable t% use %t/er re+eren'e stress s%luti%ns t/an spe'i+ie* in Table A-< i+ t/%se are pr%)en t% be a''urate
'%mpare* ,it/ #D FE +ra'ture me'/ani's analyses- In su'/ 'ases it is a''eptable t% *e+ine t/e ,el* resi*ual stress in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ E"0>-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*& T/e stress intensity +a't%r s/all be 'al'ulate* a''%r*in( t% t/e s%luti%ns spe'i+ie* in Table A-<-
4*2 T/e Failure Assessment Dia(ram CFAD4 'ann%t be e:ten*e* t% arbitrarily lar(e plasti' *e+%rmati%ns an*
a 'ut-%++ limit Cre+erre* as B
r
'ut-%++ %r B
r.ma:
4 +%r t/e B
r
CB
r
?
re+
IRS4 a:is must be *e+ine*-
It is a''eptable +%r strain-base* assessments t% *e+ine t/e B
r
'ut-%++ )alue as en(ineerin( 8TSIRS %+ t/e parent
pipe representin( t/e '/ara'teristi' /i(/ stress-strain 'ur)e +%r t/e '%rre't material '%n*iti%n. see D"0; an*
Subse'ti%n 3- T/e B
r
'ut-%++ )alue s/all n%t e:'ee* 1-=-
4*: T/e 7 R-'ur)es C%r TOD R-'ur)es4 t% be use* in a Be)el #! assessment a''%r*in( t% t/is Appen*i:
s/all be a '/ara'teristi' l%, 'ur)e +itte* t% all 7-a test *ata- It is n%t a''eptable +%r e:perimentally *eri)e* 7-
a C%r TOD-a4 test p%ints t% be l%,er t/an t/e 7 R-'ur)e applie* in t/e assessment-
4)* It is re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e a''umulate* tearin( +r%m all installati%n strain 'y'les Cn%t in'lu*in( +ati(ue4
*%es n%t e:'ee* 1 mm- F%r )alues /i(/er t/an t/is. t/e tearin( assesse* +%r %ne strain in'rement in t/e EA
s/all n%t e:'ee* t,%-t/ir*s %+ t/e tearin( measure* at t/e ma:imum l%a* +%r t/e SENT spe'imens-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e re'%mmen*e* limitati%n t% tearin( *urin( installati%n is t% a)%i* tearin( instability ,it/ s%me sa+ety mar(in-
H%,e)er. i+ t/e sa+ety mar(in is s/%,n t% be lar(e base* %n e)aluati%n ab%ut l%a*in( m%*e. tearin( resistan'e. +la,
siJe an* pipe (e%metry lar(er tearin( may be reas%nable-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4)) I+ a Be)el "! assessment is per+%rme* Cn% +ra'ture t%u(/ness resistan'e 'ur)e4. t/e 'riti'al 7 C%r TOD4
s/all be *e+ine* base* %n t/e +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( as +%ll%,s0
All test results s/all represent %ne /%m%(ene%us (r%up Ci*enti'al mi'r%stru'ture an* testin( '%n*iti%ns et'-4
an* t/e re2uirements %+ !S <H10 Anne: K-"-# s/all be satis+ie*-
E. Use !+ Fini%e Ele$en% .FE/ Frac%'re Mechanics Anal7ses %! Assess Ma,i$'$ All!1a6le
Fla1 SiCes
E )** General
)*) FE +ra'ture me'/ani's analyses may be use* t% assess ma:imum all%,able +la, siJes. but in su'/ 'ases
it s/%ul* be re'%(niJe* t/at t/e sa+ety mar(in mi(/t n%t be t/e same as i+ t/e pr%'e*ure spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n
D ,as use*- In (eneral. it is re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e pr%bability %+ +ra'ture s/%ul* be e)aluate* t% ensure t/at
t/e tar(et sa+ety 'lass re2uirements are satis+ie*. see Se'-" Table "-=- H%,e)er. met/%*s +%r '%n*u'tin( t/is
type %+ assessment are n%t +ully *e)el%pe*- 8ntil su'/ met/%*s are a)ailable. it is t/ere+%re re'%mmen*e* t/at
,/ere FE +ra'ture me'/ani's is use*. t/e *eri)e* ma:imum all%,able +la, siJe is limite* t% n% /i(/er t/an t/e
,%r&mans/ip 'riteria *es'ribe* in Appen*i: D- T/e purp%se %+ t/e analysis is t/en t% *em%nstrate t/at su'/
+la,s are t%lerable- S/%ul* an appr%a'/ be *e)el%pe* t% e:ten* t/is +urt/er by *em%nstratin( a*e2uate
pr%bability %+ +ra'ture. t/e appr%a'/ use* s/%ul* be a(ree* %n a pr%Ge't by pr%Ge't basis by all parties-
)*4 In (eneral s%li* #D FE +ra'ture me'/ani's analyses are re'%mmen*e*- 8se %+ %t/er *e*i'ate* s%+t,are
pr%(rams is a''eptable i+ t/e (e%metry an* +la, siJes assesse* are ben'/mar&e* a(ainst *e*i'ate* s%li* #D FE
Ta6le A-)* Frac%'re %!'ghness %es%ing
4umber of fracture
toughness results
!*uivalent fracture
toughness value
# t% = B%,est
> t% 10 Se'%n* l%,est
11 t% 1= T/ir* l%,est
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &''
+ra'ture me'/ani's analyses +ul+illin( t/e re2uirements spe'i+ie* in t/is Subse'ti%n- T/e use %+ su'/ t%%ls s/all
als% in'lu*e in'rease in DF *ue t% p%ssible ,el* misali(nments an* ,el* resi*ual stresses an* t/e a''ura'y
%+ DF ma(ni+i'ati%n must be Gusti+ie*- S%me (eneral (ui*an'e an* re2uirements t% s%li* #D FE +ra'ture
me'/ani's analyses are (i)en in E"00-
E 4** FE $!"el
4*) @/en FE +ra'ture me'/ani's analyses simulatin( strain-base* l%a*in( are per+%rme* an* ,/ere t/e
ma:imum all%,able +la, siJes are t% be *etermine* %ne %+ t/e +%ll%,in( pr%'e*ures are re'%mmen*e*0
1 A minimum %+ # FE analyses ,it/ stati%nary +la,s ,it/ *i++erent /ei(/ts but e2ual len(t/ are per+%rme*
an* t/e DF is pl%tte* )s- t/e +la, /ei(/t- T/e instability p%int may t/en be *etermine* as t/e tan(en'y
p%int bet,een t/e 'ur)e base* %n t/e FE pre*i'ti%ns an* t/e tearin( resistan'e 'ur)e establis/e* by testin(
%+ t/e rele)ant material '%n*iti%n-
1 A FE analysis simulatin( 'ra'& (r%,t/ +%r instan'e t/e 3urs%n-T)er(aar*-Nee*leman +%rmulati%n-
4*4 T/e DF is *epen*ent %+ t/e m%*el 2uality- In %r*er t% (et a''urate results it is imp%rtant t/at0
1 T/e mes/ re+inement is a*e2uate an* )ali*ate* as ne'essary. +%r e:ample by un*erta&in( a mes/
'%n)er(en'e stu*y-
1 Appr%priate elements are sele'te*-
1 T/e material stress-strain pr%perties are *e+ine* a''urately-
1 T/e t%tal m%*el len(t/ is su++i'ient t% ensure t/at t/e DF is n%t un*uly in+luen'e* by en* e++e'ts-
1 T/e b%un*ary '%n*iti%ns an* l%a*s are applie* in su'/ a ,ay as t% simulate as 'l%sely as p%ssible. t/e a'tual
l%a*in( '%n*iti%n-
4*8 F%r strain-base* l%a*in( an '/ara'teristi' /i(/ stress-strain 'ur)e ,it/ little strain /ar*enin( s/all be
basis +%r t/e stress-strain 'ur)e assi(ne* t% t/e parent pipe material. see D"0;- T/e '/ara'teristi' ,el* metal
stress-strain 'ur)e s/all be l%,- F%r stress-base* l%a*in( b%t/ t/e '/ara'teristi' parent pipe material an* t/e
'/ara'teristi' ,el* metal stress-strain 'ur)es s/all be l%,-
4*4 T/e applie* strain may be *e+ine* eit/er base* %n t/e r%tati%n %+ t/e pipe en*s %r as t/e strain at t/e %uter
'ur)ature appr%:imately at mi* *istan'e bet,een t/e n%t'/ an* t/e pipe en*- F%r reelin( installati%ns et'- it is
a''eptable t% simulate t/at t/e pipe is bent a(ainst a +%rmer ,it/ t/e a'tual ra*ius-
4*# It is a''eptable t% use FE +ra'ture me'/ani's analyses as basis +%r a*Gustin( t/e pr%'e*ure +%r 'al'ulatin(
t/e DF an* t/en t% per+%rm t/e a*Guste* EA in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e remainin( parts %+ Subse'ti%n D-
P%ssible s%luti%ns may be t% '/an(e t/e stress-strain 'ur)e use* in t/e Appen*i: A base* EA. t% '/an(e t/e
applie* stresses. t% use an%t/er re+eren'e stress s%luti%n %r a '%mbinati%n- I+ t/is appr%a'/ is use* t/e a''ura'y
%+ t/e DF 'al'ulati%n a''%r*in( t% t/e sele'te* pr%'e*ure s/all be '%mpare* ,it/ DF *etermine* +r%m s%li*
#D FE +ra'ture me'/ani's analyses-
4*5 F%r t/e +inal EA ,/i'/ ,ill /a)e m%re a''urate DF 'al'ulati%ns t/an pre*i'te* a''%r*in( t% t/e
Subse'ti%n D pr%'e*ure it is a''eptable t% *e+ine t/e ,el* resi*ual stress as an a**iti%nal strain *e+ine* as RSI
E ,/i'/ in m%st 'ases ,ill be less '%nser)ati)e-
I+ t/e ,el* resi*ual stress pr%+ile t/r%u(/ t/e t/i'&ness is &n%,n it is a''eptable t% simulate t/is *ire'tly in t/e
FE +ra'ture me'/ani's analysis- H%,e)er. t/e met/%*%l%(y must be )ali*ate*. Gusti+ie* an* a(ree* by all
parties-
4*& P%ssible ,el* misali(nment s/all be a''%unte* +%r in t/e FE analyses- I+ t/e FE +ra'ture me'/ani's
analyses are use* t% a*Gust t/e DF. see "0=. an* a per+e't pipe ,it/%ut misali(nment is m%*elle*. p%ssible
misali(nments s/all be in'lu*e* a''%r*in( t% D"0=-
4*2 I+ FE 'ra'& (r%,t/ simulati%ns are per+%rme* t/e 3urs%n-T)er(aar*-Nee*leman material m%*el %r
e2ui)alent is re'%mmen*e*- Any 'ra'& (r%,t/ m%*el must be 'alibrate* an* )ali*ate* a(ainst rele)ant
e:perimental results Ce-(- SENT results an* tensile testin(4- Furt/erm%re. t/e *ama(e parameters s/%ul* be
'alibrate* a(ainst t/e '/ara'teristi' tearin( resistan'e 'ur)e-
F. Gir%h Wel"s Assesse" Acc!r"ing %! ECA Fa%ig'e
F )** General
)*) I+ A10< is +ul+ille*. n% +urt/er assessments are re2uire*-
)*4 Fra'ture me'/ani's base* +ati(ue assessments in t/e /i(/-'y'le re(ime s/all be base* %n !S <H10 %r
e2ui)alent pr%'e*ures-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Hi(/-'y'le l%a*in( is n%rmally un*erst%%* t% be 'y'les %+ m%re t/an ar%un* 1000 an* stress ran(es in t/e elasti'
re(ime-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
*pp.* #racture 7imit !tate of +irth 9elds - 0age &'1
)*8 6ean plus t,% stan*ar* *e)iati%n +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ 'ur)es representin( t/e rele)ant en)ir%nment
s/all be use*-
F%r embe**e* +la,s in pipelines n%t 'lassi+ie* as s%ur it is a''eptable t% use air *ata until t/e 'ra'& e:ten*s
t/r%u(/ t/e li(ament an* be'%mes a sur+a'e 'ra'& ,/en t/e rele)ant en)ir%nmental *ata s/all be use*-
T/e +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ 'ur)es +%r R0-= s/all be use*- T/is is t% all%, +%r t/e p%tential presen'e %+ /i(/ly
tensile ,el*in( resi*ual stresses- T/e same 'ur)es s/all be use*. e)en in 'ases ,/ere s%me rela:ati%n %+
,el*in( resi*ual stresses may %''ur as t/e result %+ applie* l%a*in( %r /eat treatment-
)*4 E:ternal an* internal sur+a'e +la,s in a**iti%n t% embe**e* +la,s # mm beneat/ t/e e:ternal sur+a'e
s/%ul* be assesse*- T/e *i++erent +la, siJes s/all be *e+ine* e2ual t% t/e appli'able A8T +la, a''eptan'e
'riteri%n in'lu*in( t/e +la, siJin( err%r an* t/e +la,s s/all n%t be'%me unstable *urin( any sta(e *urin( t/e
*esi(n li+e- H%, t% per+%rm t/e +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ assessments are summarise* in Table A-1"-
)*# An SF a''%r*in( t% D"0= s/all be multiplie* by t/e n%minal stress ran(es- N%te t/at t/e SF use* in
+ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ 'al'ulati%ns s/%ul* n%t be re*u'e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e Neuber met/%* *es'ribe* in
t/e re+eren'e* 'lause- It is a''eptable t% *e+ine t/e in'rease* stress as a**iti%nal stress ran(es in ben*in(-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Bar(e sur+a'e brea&in( +la,s n%rmally *% n%t %''ur in m%*ern /i(/ 2uality pipeline (irt/ ,el*s- I+ it 'an be
substantiate* t/at sur+a'e brea&in( +la,s are n%t present it is a''eptable t% assume t/e +la,s t% be embe**e* ,it/
li(ament /ei(/t %+ # mm in t/e +ra'ture me'/ani's base* +ati(ue assessment-
I+ t/e a'tual +l%, l%'ati%n 'an be *etermine* it is a''eptable t% base t/e inte(rity assessment %n t/e a'tual l%'ati%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*5 P%ssible stable 'ra'& (r%,t/ C*u'tile tearin(4 an* +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ s/all be '%nsi*ere* in t/e
assessment- T/e assessment s/all '%n+irm t/at t/e lar(est ,el* +la,s e:pe'te* t% remain a+ter NDT an* repair
,ill n%t in'rease *urin( pipe layin( t% an e:tent su'/ t/at +ra'ture %r +ati(ue +ailure ,ill %''ur *urin( %perati%n
%+ t/e pipeline. see als% !10<-
)*& I+ t/e +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ analyses are '%mbine* ,it/ ma:imum stress %r strain assessments an* %t/er
*i++erent +ati(ue l%a* 'ases. +%r instan'e a '%mbinati%n %+ tearin( *urin( installati%n. p%ssible +ati(ue be'ause
%+ a st%p *urin( layin( an* *i++erent +ati(ue s'enari%s +r%m lateral bu'&les %r +ree spans in t/e p%st-lay p/ase.
it is a''eptable t% base t/e '%mbine* assessments %n pr%babilisti' analyses- A '%mm%n an* a(ree* pr%'e*ure
+%r /%, t/is s/%ul* be per+%rme* *%es n%t e:ist an*. /en'e. su'/ pr%'e*ure ,ill be pr%Ge't spe'i+i' an* must
be a''epte* an* a(ree* by all parties-
I+ it 'an be substantiate* t/at t/e pr%bability %+ '%mbinin( t,% *i++erent l%a* 'ases is less t/an 10
-#
it is
a''eptable n%t t% '%mbine t/em- H%,e)er. all l%a* 'ases s/all be pr%)en t% /a)e a''eptable +ra'ture limit state
Cin a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/is appen*i:4 assumin( ,el* +la,s e2ual t% t/e A8T a''eptan'e 'riteria plus t/e *e+ine*
+la, siJin( err%r in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: E. see als% !10<-
)*2 I+ all%,able +la, siJes are *etermine* by EA in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%ns %r D. %r +%r any %t/er
reas%n are lar(er t/an spe'i+ie* in Appen*i: D. t/e +ati(ue li+e assessment s/all be base* %n S-N 'ur)es
)ali*ate* +%r t/e all%,able +la, siJes Csee Se'-= DF0F4 %r assesse* base* %n +ra'ture me'/ani's in a''%r*an'e
,it/ t/is Subse'ti%n-
As 'ra'& initiati%n is n%t in'lu*e* in t/e +ra'ture me'/ani's appr%a'/. s/%rter +ati(ue li)es are n%rmally *eri)e*
+r%m +ra'ture me'/ani's t/an by S-N *ata- H%,e)er. a ,ell-*e+ine* an* )ali*ate* pr%'e*ure +%r in'lu*in( a
p%ssible initiati%n peri%* in t/e +ra'ture me'/ani's +ati(ue appr%a'/ *%es 'urrently n%t e:ist- In %r*er t% all%,
+%r t/e a**iti%nal peri%* ass%'iate* ,it/ initiati%n. it is '%nsi*ere* a''eptable t% per+%rm t/e +ra'ture me'/ani's
+ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ assessments ,it/ a DFF e2ual t% /al+ %+ t/e )alues spe'i+ie* in Se'-= Table =-11-
Furt/erm%re. +%r analyses %+ pipelines Cn%t risers4 '%n*u'te* t% *etermine 'riti'al +la, siJes +%r senten'in(
+la,s *ete'te* *urin( +abri'ati%n C,/ere it is unli&ely t/at t/e +la,s ,ill subse2uently be l%'ate* at a p%siti%n
,/i'/ e:perien'es t/e ,%rst 'ase +ati(ue l%a*in(4. it is a''eptable t% per+%rm t/e +ra'ture me'/ani's +ati(ue
'ra'& (r%,t/ assessments ,it/%ut any sa+ety +a't%r %n t/e +ati(ue li+e 'al'ulate* Ci-e- DFF?14-
H%,e)er. i+ analyses are per+%rme* t% *etermine t/e remainin( li+e %+ +la,s t/at are suspe'te* t% be (r%,in(
Ta6le A-)) Fa%ig'e crac0 gr!1%h anal7ses
Type of flaw %rac. growth law $
&
according to -SSM<=
E:ternal sur+a'e
+la,
Eit/er base* %n pr%Ge't spe'i+i' testin( %r t/e !S<H10 'ur)es +%r
marine en)ir%nment ,it/ P as rele)ant-
Air 'ur)e a''eptable i+ it 'an be pr%)en t/at t/e e:ternal steel
sur+a'e ,ill ne)er be e:p%se* t% sea ,ater-
"D %r #D s%luti%n- B e2ual t%
t/e ,i*t/ %+ ,el* at e:ternal
sur+a'e
Internal sur+a'e
+la,
Eit/er base* %n pr%Ge't spe'i+i' testin( %r t/e m%st representati)e
!S<H10 'ur)e a)ailable i+ pr%)en '%nser)ati)e-
"D %r #D s%luti%n- B e2ual t%
t/e ,i*t/ %+ ,el* at internal
sur+a'e
Embe**e* +la, T/e air 'ur)e is a''eptable i+ it 'an be substantiate* t/at t/e +ati(ue
per+%rman'e is n%t re*u'e* *ue t% t/e en)ir%nment-
N%t re2uire*
+ati(ue 'ra'&s C*ete'te* *urin( %perati%n4 t/en t/e DFF s/all be *e+ine* as t/e +ull )alue spe'i+ie* in Se'ti%n
= Table =-11-
G'i"ance n!%eF
In (eneral. t/e sa+ety +a't%rs t/at are use* s/%ul* *epen* %n t/e le)el %+ '%n+i*en'e ,it/ ,/i'/ t/e &ey input
parameters /a)e been *e+ine*- T/e )alues ab%)e are re'%mmen*e* %n t/e basis t/at all input parameters. in'lu*in(
t/e stress ran(e spe'tra. /a)e been *e+ine* %n a ,%rst 'ase basis- @/ere t/is is n%t t/e 'ase. /i(/er sa+ety +a't%rs may
be re2uire*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*: T/e 'riti'al +la, siJe s/all be *etermine* a''%r*in( t% Subse'ti%n D an* E as rele)ant an* '%nsi*ere*
,/en t/e +ati(ue li+e is *etermine*- T/e +ati(ue assessment s/all be per+%rme* usin( t/e rele)ant +ati(ue
l%a*in( an* +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ la, t% *etermine t/e +ati(ue li+e +r%m t/e initial +la, siJe an* until t/e 'riti'al
+la, siJe is rea'/e*-
I+ satis+a't%ry +ati(ue li+e 'ann%t be *em%nstrate* %r t/ere is a ris& %+ unstable +ra'ture be+%re %r at t/e en* %+ t/e
%perati%nal li+e. eit/er t/e ma:imum all%,able +la, siJe s/all be re*u'e* %r a'ti%ns t% re*u'e t/e +ati(ue l%a*in(
s/all be ta&en- @/ere +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ is pre*i'te* t% be less t/an 0-" mm. it 'an be assume* t% be ne(li(ible-
))* T/e +ati(ue assessment s/all '%nsi*er all l%a*in( rele)ant t% t/e *esi(n 'ase. e-(- )%rte: in*u'e*
)ibrati%n CVIV4. ben*in( stresses *ue t% spannin(. an* )aryin( l%n(itu*inal stresses *ue t% t/ermal e:pansi%n
an* '%ntra'ti%n-
Due t% p%ssible resi*ual stresses +r%m ,el*in( %r plasti' *e+%rmati%n *urin( installati%n %r %perati%n t/e
'%mpressi)e part %+ 'y'li' stresses may '%ntribute t% t/e +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ an* t/e ,/%le stress ran(e s/all
be '%nsi*ere* in t/e assessment-
))) It is a''eptable t% *e+ine t/e +ati(ue stress *istributi%n t/r%u(/ t/e ,all t/i'&ness base* %n FE analyses
pr%)i*e* t/at t/e analyses are ,ell *%'umente*-
))4 T/e t/i'&ness %+ t/e pipe ,all s/all be *e+ine* a''%r*in( t% D"0". +irst an* se'%n* bullet p%ints- In 'ase
%+ li+e e:tensi%n assessments t/e ,all t/i'&ness %+ t/e pipe s/all be re*u'e* by t/e +ull '%rr%si%n all%,an'e- I+
reliable ,all t/i'&ness measurements are a)ailable it is a''eptable t% base t/e assessment %n su'/
measurements-
))8 F%r line* %r 'la* pipelines. t/e +ati(ue li+e s/all be assume* e2ual t% t/e time ne'essary t% (r%, t/r%u(/
t/e 'la*Iliner t/i'&ness- P%ssible initial ,el* +la,s s/all be assume* as rele)ant-
F 4** !1-c7cle +a%ig'e
4*) P%ssible l%,-'y'le +ati(ue s/all be assesse*- H%,e)er. a ,ell-*e+ine*. )ali*ate* an* (enerally a''epte*
pr%'e*ure +%r t/e assessment %+ l%,-'y'le +ati(ue in pipeline (irt/ ,el*s *%es 'urrently n%t e:ist-
Any assessment met/%*. test pr%'e*ure. en)ir%nment. et'- use* +%r assessin( l%,-'y'le +ati(ue s/all t/ere+%re
be Gusti+ie*. ,ell *%'umente* an* a(ree* by all parties-
G'i"ance n!%eF
B%,-'y'le l%a*in( is n%rmally un*erst%%* t% be 'y'les less t/an ar%un* 1000 an* stressIstrain ran(es in t/e elasti'-
plasti' re(ime-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
G. Tes%ing Re<'ire$en%s
G )** General
)*) Fra'ture t%u(/ness an* tensile testin( s/all be per+%rme* %n t/e materials an* material '%n*iti%ns
spe'i+ie* in Table A-1"-
)*4 Fra'ture t%u(/ness an* tensile testin( s/all be per+%rme* at t/e temperatures spe'i+ie* in Table A-1#-
)*8 6e'/ani'al testin(. +ra'ture me'/ani's testin( an* pre-strainin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% t/is
Subse'ti%n an* Appen*i: !-
)*4 T/e e:tent %+ +ra'ture me'/ani's testin( an* tensile testin( +%r t/e *i++erent EA 'ate(%ries s/all be as
spe'i+ie* in Table A-" an* Table A-F respe'ti)ely- All n%t'/ p%siti%ns spe'i+ie* in Appen*i: ! s/%ul* be teste*
an* e:'epti%ns must be t/%r%u(/ly e)aluate* an* *%'umente*-
)*# It is n%t a''eptable t% base t/e EA %n tensile an* +ra'ture t%u(/ness test results +r%m %t/er pipeline
pr%Ge'ts %nly- Separate testin( %+ all rele)ant ,el* pr%'e*ures s/all be per+%rme* +%r ea'/ pr%Ge't- Separate
tensile an* +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Tables A-". A-F. A-1" an* A-1# s/all n%rmally be
per+%rme* %n all pipe *imensi%ns use* ,it/in a pipeline pr%Ge't-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e tensile pr%perties an* t/e s/ape %+ t/e stress-strain 'ur)e are imp%rtant an* /a)e a str%n( e++e't %n t/e 'riti'al
+la, *imensi%ns- E:perien'e s/%,s t/at +%r strain base* assessments t/e tensile pr%perties are sensiti)e t% test
temperature an* pre-strainin( an* a(ein( /ist%ry- %nser)ati)e )alues %+ t/e 'riti'al +la, *imensi%ns are *etermine*
usin( /i(/er yiel* stren(t/s an* l%, strain /ar*enin(-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*5 F%r pipeline materials sus'eptible t% en)ir%nmentally in*u'e* embrittlement t/e me'/ani'al. +ra'ture
t%u(/ness an* +ati(ue pr%perties s/all re+le't t/e a'tual en)ir%nment. see als% A#0;- I+ tensile testin(. +ra'ture
t%u(/ness testin( an* +ati(ue 'ra'& (r%,t/ testin( is per+%rme* un*er representati)e en)ir%nmental an*
l%a*in( '%n*iti%n. t/e assessment pr%'e*ure *es'ribe* in Subse'ti%n E an* F are appli'able- @/ere
en)ir%nmental pr%'esses e:/ibit a time. +re2uen'y. %r l%a*in( rate *epen*en'e. it is imp%rtant t% ensure t/at
testin( is 'arrie* %ut un*er '%n*iti%ns ,/i'/ are eit/er representati)e %+ t/e a'tual l%a*in( '%n*iti%ns. %r are
*em%nstrate* t% be '%nser)ati)e-
)*& T/e '%rresp%n*in( TOD +ra'ture t%u(/ness 'an be estimate* +r%m t/e 7 +ra'ture t%u(/ness a''%r*in(
t% t/e +%ll%,in( +%rmulas0
,/ere
I*enti'al EA results ,ill be %btaine* i+ t/e same yiel* stress is use* in t/e TOD
mat
'al'ulati%n as in t/e EA
analysis-
G 4** S%raining an" ageing
4*) F%r strain-base* EAs. a material ,it/ /i(/ yiel* stress an* l%, strain /ar*enin( s/all be assesse* an*
teste* as +ar as p%ssible- F%r stress-base* EAs. a material ,it/ l%, tensile pr%perties s/all be assesse* an*
teste* as +ar as p%ssible- T% a'/ie)e t/is it may be ne'essary t% pre-strain an* a(e t/e material pri%r t% testin(-
Pre-strainin( an* a(ein( is n%rmally n%t re2uire* +%r EA Stati' '%nsi*erin( installati%n. see als% "0;-
I+ a(in( is rele)ant. arti+i'ial a(ein( at "=0] +%r %ne /%ur s/all be per+%rme* pri%r t% any tensile testin(- T/e
a(ein( s/all be per+%rme* a+ter t/e pre-strainin( but be+%re t/e tests are per+%rme*-
4*4 T/ere are t/ree imp%rtant material me'/anisms t/at must be '%nsi*ere* ,/en t/e pre-strainin( an* a(in(
pr%'e*ure is establis/e*- T/ese are0
1 T/e S!aus'/in(er e++e'tT. as illustrate* in Fi(ure >-
1 Strain /ar*enin(. as illustrate* in Fi(ure <-
1 A(in(-
Ta6le A-)4 Re<'ire" $a%erial c!n"i%i!n +!r +rac%'re %!'ghness an" %ensile %es%ing
!%) %ategory $aterial condition to be tested
EA Stati'.
l.n%m
M 0-;L *urin( b%t/ installati%n an* %perati%n As-re'ei)e*
EA Stati'.
l.n%m
0-;L *urin( installati%n
14
As-re'ei)e*
EA Stati'. l%a*in( situati%n bein( e)aluate* ta&es pla'e m%re t/an %ne ,ee&
a+ter t/e material ,as plasti'ally *e+%rme* (
l.n%m
0-;L4 *urin( installati%n %r
%perati%n-
Pre-straine* an* a(e*
"4
14 I+ pipelines are installe* as illustrate* in Fi(ure F b4. it is a''eptable t% pre-'%mpress all material pri%r t% testin(
"4 See 3"0;-
Ta6le A-)8 Re<'ire" %es% %e$(era%'res +!r +rac%'re %!'ghness an" %ensile %es%ing
Test temperature
14
%($n and <K%r pipelines JJ%r and JH%r pipelines
T
min
"4
I+ T
min
M 0
%
I+ T
min
M 0
%
RT I+ 0
%
T
min
=0
%
I+ 0
%
T
min
20
%
T
ma:
I+ T
ma:
_ =0
%
I+ T
ma:
_ "0
%
14 I+ t/e l%a* '%n*iti%n '%nsi*ere* is realisti' +%r a ,i*e temperature ran(e. testin( at b%t/ minimum an* ma:imum temperature
s/all be per+%rme*- F%r instan'e i+ t/e temperature ran(e is bet,een 0
%
an* >0
%
. b%t/ 0
%
C%r RT4 an* >0
%
s/all be teste*-
I+ t/e temperature ran(e is bet,een -"0
%
an* 100
%
b%t/ temperatures s/all be teste*- It is t/e '%mbinati%n %+ t/e l%a*in( an*
t/e rele)ant temperature t/at must be '%nsi*ere*- Hen'e. it is n%t ne'essarily t/e minimum %r ma:imum *esi(n temperatures t/at
s/all be teste*. see als% !10;-
"4 F%r tensile tests. testin( at T
min
M 0] may be repla'e* by testin( at RT i+ t/e assesse* l%a*in( m%*e is l%a* '%ntr%lle*-
E2- A-H
RS ? T/e yiel* stress
P ? %n)ersi%n +a't%r as in A;0#
( )
"
1
=
9S A
2
%T5
mat
mat
Fig're 5
The 3a'schinger e++ec% is a (hen!$en!n 1hich !cc'rs 1hen $a%erials are s%raine" in%! %he n!n-linear
s%ress-s%rain area in !ne "irec%i!n +!ll!1e" 67 s%raining in %he !((!si%e "irec%i!n. The e++ec% !+ s'ch
c7cling is %ha% %he re-erse" 7iel" s%ress is "ecrease"
Fig're &
C7clic s%rain har"ening is %he e++ec% seen i+ a $a%erial is s%raine" in !ne "irec%i!n +!ll!1e" 67 'nl!a"ing
6e+!re %he $a%erial is s%raine" in %he sa$e "irec%i!n !nce $!re. The e++ec% !+ s'ch c7cling is %ha% %he 7iel"
s%ress is increase" an" %ha% %he s%rain-har"ening is "ecrease"
4*8 Fi(ure F illustrates t/e m%mentI'ur)ature 'y'les +%r t,% *i++erent installati%n met/%*s intr%*u'in( lar(e
plasti' strains-
F%r reelin( installati%n. Fi(ure F a4. t/e m%st 'riti'al situati%n is t/e%reti'ally reelin(-%n at 1" %N'l%'& be'ause
t/e tensile pr%perties are represente* by t/e /i(/est stress-strain 'ur)e ,it/ little strain /ar*enin(- H%,e)er.
t/e strain in'rement may be lar(er at t/e > %N'l%'& l%'ati%n in t/e strai(/tener an* t/is situati%n s/all als% be
'%nsi*ere*-
F%r %t/er installati%n met/%*s. it is imp%rtant t/at t/e ,/%le installati%n se2uen'e is e)aluate* in %r*er t%
*etermine t/e lar(est strain in'rement- In s%me 'ases it may be a''eptable t% pre-'%mpress t/e material pri%r
t% tensile an* +ra'ture me'/ani's testin(. e-(- t/e strain in'rement mar&e* in Fi(ure F b4- In su'/ 'ases a(ein(
is n%t re2uire*-
a4 Reelin( installati%n

4*4 I+ t/e EA in'lu*es situati%ns ,/ere t/e pipeline /as alrea*y been subGe't t% plasti' strains. t/e tensile
testin( an* +ra'ture me'/ani's testin( s/all be per+%rme* %n material representin( straine* material ,it/ a(ein(
i+ rele)ant- I+ it 'an be *%'umente* base* %n earlier e:perien'e t/at t/e +ra'ture t%u(/ness pr%perties are n%t
re*u'e* be'ause %+ pre-strainin( an* a(in( it is a''eptable t% per+%rm +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( in t/e as-
re'ei)e* '%n*iti%n-
I+ t/e l%a*in( situati%n t% be e)aluate* ta&es pla'e m%re t/an %ne ,ee& a+ter t/e material ,as plasti'ally
*e+%rme* *urin( installati%n %r %perati%n. t/e tensile testin( s/all be per+%rme* %n pre-straine* an* a(e*
material-
I+ t/e l%a* '%n*iti%n is strain-base*. t/e pre-strainin( 'y'lin( s/all en* in tensi%n be'ause t/is ,ill (i)e /i(/
tensile pr%perties an* little strain /ar*enin(-
I+ t/e l%a* '%n*iti%n is stress-base*. t/e pre-strainin( 'y'lin( s/all en* in '%mpressi%n be'ause t/is ,ill (i)e
l%, tensile pr%perties-
4*# T/e pre-strainin( s/all simulate %ne '%mplete strain /ist%ry Ci-e- t/e ,/%le installati%n se2uen'e. but n%t
'%ntin(en'y et'-4 i+ EAs are re2uire* +%r t/e %perati%nal p/ase-
H. ECA Dali"a%i!n Tes%ing
H )** General
)*) Se(ment spe'imen testin( %r +ull s'ale testin( s/all be per+%rme* +%r t/e +%ll%,in( situati%ns ,/ere
SEA stati'T is appli'able an* m%re t/an %ne strain in'rements are applie*0
1 la* %r line* pipelines-
1 -6n linepipe materials ,it/ S6RS lar(er t/an === 6Pa an*
l.n%m
_ "-"=L-
1 1#r martensiti' steels an*
l.n%m
_ "-"=L-
1 ""r an* "=r *uple: stainless steels i+
l.n%m
_ "-"=L-
)*4 T/e se(ment testin( s/all be per+%rme* base* %n t/e pr%'e*ure *es'ribe* in DNV-RP-F10F an*
Appen*i: !- T/e am%unt %+ testin( an* t/e strain 'y'les applie* s/all be a(ree*-
)*8 I+ se(ment testin( is per+%rme* t/e *imensi%ns %+ t/e starter +la, s/%ul* be *etermine* by an EA
tail%re* t% t/e se(ment test pri%r t% testin( an* base* %n t/e best estimate +ra'ture resistan'e 'ur)e an* stress-
strain 'ur)e- T/e tip %+ t/e starter +la, s/%ul* be in t/e l%,est t%u(/ness material '%nsistent ,it/ t/e EA- T/e
*imensi%ns %+ t/e starter +la, s/%ul* be su'/ t/at appr%:imately 0-= mm %+ tearin( C%r as a(ree*4 at t/e *eepest
p%int is pre*i'te*- I+ less tearin( t/an estimate* in t/e EA is measure* in t/e se(ment spe'imens an* t/e stress
'apa'ity is at least as lar(e as estimate* by EA. t/e EA is '%nsi*ere* )ali*ate*-
b4 Installati%n met/%* intr%*u'in( lar(e plasti' strain in'rement
Fig're 2 E,a$(les !+ ins%alla%i!n $e%h!"s in%r!"'cing large (las%ic s%rain incre$en%s
*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &'6
A99END;M 3
MECHAN;CA TEST;NG AND CORROS;ON TEST;NG
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is appen*i: a**resses met/%*s +%r me'/ani'al testin(. '/emi'al analysis an* '%rr%si%n testin( %+
materials an* pr%*u'ts-
A 4** A((lica6ili%7
4*) T/is appen*i: is appli'able +%r t/e testin( %+ all types %+ materials ,it/ testin( re2uirements as re+erre*
t% in t/is stan*ar*-
4*4 Test lab%rat%ries s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ ISO 1<0"= %r an a''epte* e2ui)alent-
A 8** Re+erences
8*) T/e +%ll%,in( stan*ar*s are re+erre* t% in t/is Appen*i:0
API =BD Spe'i+i'ati%n +%r RA la* %r Bine* Steel Pipe
API RP =B# Re'%mmen*e* Pra'ti'e +%r %n*u'tin( Dr%p-@ei(/t Tear Tests %n Bine Pipe
AST6 A">; Stan*ar* Spe'i+i'ati%n +%r Stainless /r%mium-Ni'&el Steel-la* Plate
AST6 A H=> Stan*ar* Test 6et/%* +%r Beeb Har*ness Testin( %+ Steel Pr%*u'ts
AST6 A 10#F Stan*ar* Test 6et/%* +%r P%rtable Har*ness Testin( by t/e 8ltras%ni' %nta't Impe*an'e
6et/%*
AST6 E110 Stan*ar* Test 6et/%* +%r In*entati%n Har*ness %+ 6etalli' 6aterials by P%rtable Har*ness
Testers
AST6 E1F"0 Stan*ar* Test 6et/%* +%r 6easurement %+ Fra'ture T%u(/ness
AST6 3;F Stan*ar* Test 6et/%*s +%r Pittin( an* re)i'e %rr%si%n Resistan'e %+ Stainless Steels an*
Relate* All%ys by 8se %+ Ferri' /l%ri*e S%luti%n
!S <;;F Fra'ture me'/ani's t%u(/ness tests- 6et/%* +%r *eterminati%n %+ KI'. 'riti'al TOD an*
'riti'al 7 )alues %+ metalli' materials
!S <H10 3ui*e t% met/%*s +%r assessin( t/e a''eptability %+ +la,s in metalli' stru'tures
DNV-RP-F10F Fra'ture %ntr%l +%r Pipeline Installati%n 6et/%*s Intr%*u'in(
y'li' Plasti' Strain
ISO 1;F 6etalli' materials - /arpy pen*ulum impa't test
ISO #<< 3eneral re2uirements +%r t/e '%mpeten'e %+ testin( an* 'alibrati%n lab%rat%ries
ISO #1F# Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries - Steel pipe +%r pipeline transp%rtati%n systems
ISO ;1#> Destru'ti)e tests %n ,el*s in metalli' materials - Trans)erse tensile test
ISO =1<# Destru'ti)e tests %n ,el*s in metalli' materials - !en* tests
ISO =1<F Destru'ti)e tests %n ,el*s in metalli' materials - B%n(itu*inal tensile test %n ,el* metal in
+usi%n ,el*e* G%ints
ISO >=0< 6etalli' materials - Vi'&ers /ar*ness test
ISO >FH" 6etalli' materials - Tensile testin(
ISO <=#H %rr%si%n %+ metals an* all%ys - Stress '%rr%si%n testin(
ISOITR H<>H Steel an* ir%n - Re)ie, %+ a)ailable met/%*s %+ analysis
ISO 1"1#= 6etalli' materials - 8ni+ie* met/%* %+ test +%r *eterminati%n %+ 2uasistati' +ra'ture
t%u(/ness
ISO 1;"F; Steel an* ir%n- Samplin( an* preparati%n %+ samples +%r t/e *eterminati%n %+ '/emi'al
'%mp%siti%n
ISO 1=1=> Petr%leum an* natural (as in*ustries - 6aterials +%r use in H
"
S-'%ntainin( en)ir%nments in
%il an* (as pr%*u'ti%n
ISO 1=>=# 6etalli' materials. 6et/%* %+ test +%r t/e *eterminati%n %+ 2uasistati' +ra'ture t%u(/ness %+ ,el*s
ISO 1<0"= 3eneral re2uirements +%r t/e '%mpeten'e %+ testin( an* 'alibrati%n lab%rat%ries
NAE T601<< Bab%rat%ry Testin( %+ 6etals +%r Resistan'e t% Sul+i*e Stress ra'&in( an* Stress %rr%si%n
ra'&in( in H
"
S En)ir%nments
NAE T60"F; Stan*ar* Test 6et/%* - E)aluati%n %+ Pipeline an* Pressure Vessel Steels +%r Resistan'e t%
Hy*r%(en-In*u'e* ra'&in(
*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &1%
3. Mechanical Tes%ing an" Che$ical Anal7sis
3 )** General re<'ire$en%s %! selec%i!n an" (re(ara%i!n !+ sa$(les an" %es% (ieces
)*) Sele'ti%n %+ samples an* preparati%n %+ test pie'es s/all as +ar as appli'able be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e
(eneral '%n*iti%ns %+ ISO #<<- In a**iti%n t/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements apply-
)*4 F%r any %+ t/e me'/ani'al tests. any test pie'e t/at s/%,s *e+e'ti)e preparati%n %r material imper+e'ti%ns
unrelate* t% t/e intent %+ t/e parti'ular me'/ani'al test. ,/et/er %bser)e* be+%re %r a+ter testin(. may be
*is'ar*e* an* repla'e* by an%t/er test pie'e +r%m t/e same pipe-
Samples and test pieces from linepipe
)*8 F%r tensile tests. VN impa't tests. D@T tests. (ui*e*-ben* tests. an* +lattenin( tests. t/e samples s/all
be ta&en. an* t/e '%rresp%n*in( test pie'es prepare*. in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e appli'able re+eren'e stan*ar*-
)*4 Samples an* test pie'es +%r t/e )ari%us test types +%r linepipe s/all be ta&en +r%m alternatin( pipe en*s
in t/e l%'ati%ns as s/%,n in Fi(ure = an* Fi(ure > in ISO #1F# an* as (i)en in Se'-< Table <-H. an* t/e *etails
state* bel%,-
Samples and test pieces from components
)*# T/e l%'ati%n %+ samples an* test pie'es +r%m '%mp%nents s/%ul* be a''%r*in( t% Se'-F E-
)*5 F%r in*u'ti%n ben*s an* b%lts t/e l%'ati%n %+ samples an* test pie'es s/all be a''%r*in( t% t/e re'%(nise*
stan*ar* %r spe'i+i'ati%n use* +%r manu+a'ture. as spe'i+ie* +%r t/e rele)ant '%mp%nent in Se'-F-
Samples and test pieces for welds not performed at pipe mills
)*& F%r ,el*s n%t per+%rme* as part %+ linepipe +abri'ati%n. in'lu*in( (irt/ ,el*s. samples s/all be ta&en in
a''%r*an'e Appen*i: Fi(ure 1 an* "-
3 4** Che$ical anal7sis
4*) Samples +%r /eat an* pr%*u't analyses s/all be ta&en an* prepare* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1;"F;-
6et/%*s an* pr%'e*ures +%r '/emi'al analysis s/all be a''%r*in( t% re'%(nise* in*ustry stan*ar*s. %+
a''eptable un'ertainty- Results +r%m '/emi'al analyses s/all be (i)en ,it/ t/e same number %+ *i(its C%r m%re4
as (i)en in t/e spe'i+i'ati%n %+ t/e pr%*u't an*I%r in t/is stan*ar*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
ISOITR H<>H (i)es a list %+ a)ailable internati%nal stan*ar*s pr%)i*in( '/emi'al analysis met/%*s. ,it/ in+%rmati%n
%n t/e appli'ati%n an* pre'isi%n %+ t/e )ari%us met/%*s-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
%hemical analysis of weld overlay
4*4 T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ t/e ,el* %)erlay s/all be %btaine* at t/e sur+a'e %+ t/e %)erlay a+ter
ma'/inin( %+ t/e %)erlay su'/ t/at t/e minimum *istan'e +r%m t/e sur+a'e t% t/e +usi%n line is eit/er # mm %r
t/e minimum t/i'&ness spe'i+ie* +%r t/e +inis/e* '%mp%nent. ,/i'/e)er is t/e lesser-
3 8** Tensile %es%ing
8*) Tensile testin( s/all be 'arrie* %ut in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in t/is appen*i: an* ISO >FH"
%r AST6 A#<0- T/e test pie'e '%n+i(urati%n an* p%ssible test pie'e +lattenin( s/all be t/e same +%r all t/e
*eli)ere* items- T/e e:tens%meter s/all be atta'/e* t% a ma'/ine* sur+a'e- D%uble si*e* e:tens%meters s/%ul*
be use*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e el%n(ati%n re2uirements in Table <-= are base* %n a +%rmula i*enti'al in API =B. ISO #1F# an* DNV-OS-F101-
T/e +%rmula is 'alibrate* +%r use ,it/ tensile test spe'imens prepare* a''%r*in( t% AST6 A#<0 Ci-e- API test
spe'imens4- It s/%ul* be n%te* t/at t/e same material teste* ,it/ spe'imens base* %n AST6 A#<0 an* ISO >FH" 'an
(i)e *i++erent el%n(ati%n results *ue t% t/e *i++erent spe'imen (e%metries-
In (eneral it s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere* t% use AST6 A#<0 spe'imens +%r n%rmal tensile testin(. sin'e t/is ,%ul* (i)e t/e
best '%rresp%n*en'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in Table <-=-
Tensile spe'imens base* %n ISO >FH" 'an be use*. but t/en t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria s/%ul* be re)ie,e*- S%me %pti%ns
are Ci4 use t/e )alues +r%m Table <-=. Cii4 *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n per+%rm a number %+ tests %n b%t/ types %+ spe'imens
t% establis/ an empiri'al '%rresp%n*en'e +%r t/e spe'i+i' material %r Ciii4 *e+ine el%n(ati%n 'riteria base* %n rele)ant
testin( e:perien'e an* e:istin( *%'umentati%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*4 !ase material tensile pr%perties may be *etermine* usin( re'tan(ular %r r%un* test pie'es at t/e
manu+a'turers *is'reti%n. see #0# an* #0;. respe'ti)ely-
8*8 Re'tan(ular test pie'es s/all represent t/e +ull ,all t/i'&ness- B%n(itu*inalIa:ial test pie'es s/all n%t be
+lattene*- Trans)erseItan(ential test pie'es s/all be +lattene*- Test pie'e (rip en*s may be +lattene* %r ma'/ine*
t% +it t/e test ma'/ineAs (rips- @el* bea*s may be (r%un* +lus/ an* l%'al imper+e'ti%ns may be rem%)e*-
*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &1$
8*4 R%un* test pie'es s/all be %btaine* +r%m n%n-+lattene* samples- F%r l%n(itu*inalIa:ial tensile tests ,/en
t 1H-0 mm. su'/ test pie'es s/all be 1"-< mm in *iameter. %r lar(est %btainable *iameter i+ 1"-< mm is n%t
p%ssible- F%r trans)erse %r tan(ential tensile tests t/e *iameter %+ su'/ test pie'es s/all be as (i)en in Table "1
in ISO #1F#. e:'ept t/at t/e ne:t lar(er *iameter may be use* at t/e %pti%n %+ t/e manu+a'turer-
8*# F%r testin( ,/en D M "1H-1 mm +ull-se'ti%n l%n(itu*inalIa:ial test pie'es may be use* at t/e %pti%n %+
t/e manu+a'turer-
8*5 I+ a(ree*. rin( e:pansi%n test pie'es may be use* +%r t/e *eterminati%n %+ trans)erse yiel* stren(t/-
8*& All ,el* tensile tests s/all be 'arrie* %ut usin( r%un* test pie'es-
G'i"ance n!%eF
All-,el* tensile spe'imens are n%t re2uire* t% '%n+%rm t% t/e siJes in Table "1 in ISO #1F#. see #0; ab%)e- T/e all-
,el* tensile spe'imen s/all be as lar(e as p%ssible ,/en '%nsi*erin( t/at t/e (au(e len(t/ material s/all be %nly ,el*
metal-
N%te t/at t/e (rip area %+ t/e tensile spe'imens 'an '%ntain material +r%m t/e HAU an* als% base metal- T/is ,ill n%t
in+luen'e t/e results +%r t/e ,el* metal %n t/e (au(e len(t/-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*2 F%r pipes t% be teste* a''%r*in( t% supplementary re2uirement P an* ,/en EA is t% be per+%rme*.
spe'imens s/all be %+ pr%p%rti%nal type ,it/ (au(e len(t/0
,/ere S
0
is t/e 'r%ss se'ti%n area %+ t/e spe'imen- I+ t/e test results s/all be use* as basis +%r EA. t/e ,/%le
stress-strain 'ur)e s/all be rep%rte*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
F%r supplementary re2uirement P a**iti%nal tensile testin( is re2uire*. an* %+ parti'ular interest is t/e el%n(ati%n- T/e
in*ustry e:perien'e an* 2uali+i'ati%n testin( is primarily base* %n pr%p%rti%nal spe'imens a''%r*in( t% ISO >FH"-
%nse2uently t/e 'riteria /a)e been establis/e* +%r su'/ tensile spe'imens. an* it is n%t rele)ant t% use spe'imens
base* %n AST6 A#<0 +%r supplementary re2uirement P-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
Transverse weld /cross weld0 tensile test
8*: Test pie'es s/all be re'tan(ular an* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ #0#- T/e ,el* rein+%r'ement s/all be rem%)e*
%n t/e +a'e an* r%%t si*es by ma'/inin( %r (rin*in(- T/e tensile stren(t/ s/all be *etermine* Cyiel* stress an*
el%n(ati%n is n%t re2uire*4-
8)* Trans)erse ,el* tensile test pie'es %+ 'la* %r line* linepipe s/all be per+%rme* %n t/e +ull t/i'&ness %+
t/e 'arb%n steel. a+ter rem%)al %+ t/e RA. ta&in( 'are n%t t% re*u'e t/e -6n steel ,all t/i'&ness-
)ll(weld tensile testing of load bearing weld overlay
8)) Test pie'es s/all be r%un* ,it/ ma:imum %btainable *iameter- T/e test pie'es s/all be ma'/ine* +r%m
t/e ,el* %)erlay trans)erse t% t/e ,el*in( *ire'ti%n-
Tensile testing of girth welds relevant for !%)
8)4 Full stress-strain 'ur)es s/all be establis/e* +r%m t/e testin(- I+ p%ssible. t/e test spe'imens s/all eit/er
be all-,el* spe'imens Cre'%mmen*e*4 %r trans)erse all-,el* spe'imens as +%ll%,s0
1 All-,el* tensile spe'imens0 T/e spe'imens s/%ul* be r%un* an* %+ pr%p%rti%nal type
1 Trans)erse all-,el* spe'imens0 T/e re'%mmen*e* (e%metry is as in*i'ate* in Fi(ure 1#- I+ t/e ,el* metal
p%rti%n %+ t/e spe'imen is instrumente* ,it/ strain (au(es. t/ree strain (au(es are re'%mmen*e* ar%un*
t/e 'ir'um+eren'e- T/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e ,el* metal s/%ul* be minimum >mm- P%ssible yiel* plateau may be
*i++i'ult t% *is'%)er usin( t/is spe'imen type an* t/e tensile stress-strain 'ur)e is typi'ally =L /i(/er
'%mpare* ,it/ results usin( tra*iti%nal r%un* spe'imens- Hen'e. i+ t/is spe'imen is use* as input t% FE
analyses %r +%r *em%nstratin( ,el* metal stren(t/. %)er-mat'/ t/e en(ineerin( stress s/all be l%,ere* =L
I+ t/e ,el* an* pipe (e%metry is su'/ t/at it is *i++i'ult t% establis/ stress-strain 'ur)es representin( t/e ,el*
metal. %ne %+ t/e +%ll%,in( s%luti%ns s/all be +%ll%,e*0
1 De*i'ate* Sspe'ialT spe'imens may be teste* i+ p%ssible. similar spe'imen (e%metry s/all t/en be
+abri'ate* als% +r%m t/e parent pipe material
1 @el* stren(t/ %)er-mat'/ ,it/ su++i'ient '%n+i*en'e may be *em%nstrate* by 'r%ss-,el* tensile testin(
1 I+ n%ne %+ t/e ab%)e is p%ssible an* an EA is re2uire* +ull-s'ale testin( %+ representati)e S,%rst 'aseT
(irt/ ,el*s Ci-e- (e%metry. material pr%perties an* ,el* *e+e't4 s/all be teste* t% t/e ,%rst 'ase l%a*in( t%
*em%nstrate t/e +ra'ture inte(rity
C!-14
o gau
S # >= - = =
*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &1&
3 4** Char(7 D-n!%ch i$(ac% %es%ing
4*) T/e test pie'es s/all be prepare* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 A#<0 ,it/%ut any pri%r +lattenin( %+ t/e
material- Testin( a''%r*in( t% ISO 1;F-1 is a''eptable i+ a(ree* an* t/e re2uire* stri&in( ra*ius C" %r F mm4
is spe'i+ie*- Ea'/ set s/all '%nsist %+ t/ree spe'imens ta&en +r%m t/e same test '%up%n- Full siJe test pie'es
s/all be use* ,/ene)er p%ssible-
4*4 T/e siJe. %rientati%n an* s%ur'e %+ t/e test pie'es +r%m linepipe s/all be as (i)en in Table "" in ISO #1F#.
e:'ept t/at t/e ne:t smaller test pie'e siJe may be use* i+ t/e abs%rbe* ener(y is e:pe'te* t% e:'ee* F0L %+
t/e +ull-s'ale 'apa'ity %+ t/e impa't testin( ma'/ine- A**iti%nal sets %+ HAU test pie'es s/all be sample*
'%mpare* t% ISO #1F#. see Table <-< an* Table <-F in Se'-<- T/e n%t'/ l%'ati%ns s/all be a''%r*in( t% ;0F-;1#-
G'i"ance n!%eF
It is n%t ne'essary t% impa't-test linepipe ,it/ '%mbinati%ns %+ spe'i+ie* %utsi*e *iameter an* spe'i+ie* ,all t/i'&ness
n%t '%)ere* by Table "" in ISO #1F#-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*8 F%r seamless pipe ,it/ t _ "= mm an* *eli)ere* in t/e 2uen'/e* an* tempere* '%n*iti%n. %ne a**iti%nal
set %+ trans)erse *ire'ti%n NV test pie'es s/all be sample* " mm ab%)e t/e internal sur+a'e *urin( 6P5T-
4*4 T/e l%'ati%ns %+ test pie'es ta&en +r%m '%mp%nents s/all be a''%r*in( t% Se'-F E-
4*# T/e l%'ati%ns %+ test pie'es ta&en +r%m (irt/ ,el*s s/all be a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: . Fi(ure "-
4*5 @/ene)er p%ssible. an* apart +%r testin( %+ t/e r%%t %+ *%uble si*e* ,el*s. t/e test pie'es s/all be
sample* " mm bel%, t/e e:ternal sur+a'e- A smaller *istan'e t/an " mm s/all be use* i+ ne'essary C*ue t% t/e
*imensi%ns %+ t/e material4 t% ma&e spe'imens ,it/ t/e lar(est p%ssible 'r%ss se'ti%n- T/e a:is %+ t/e n%t'/
s/all be perpen*i'ular t% t/e sur+a'e-
4*& F%r ,el* metal an* HAU tests. ea'/ test pie'e s/all be et'/e* pri%r t% n%t'/in( in %r*er t% enable pr%per
pla'ement %+ t/e n%t'/-
4otch positioning for weld metal test pieces
4*2 F%r pr%*u'ti%n ,el*s %t/er t/an HF@ pipe t/e a:is %+ t/e n%t'/ %+ t/e ,el* metal sample s/all be l%'ate*
%n. %r as 'l%se as pra'ti'al t%. t/e 'entreline %+ t/e %utsi*e ,el* bea*-
4*: F%r test pie'es ta&en in t/e ,el* %+ HF@ pipe. t/e a:is %+ t/e n%t'/ s/all be l%'ate* %n. %r as 'l%se as
pra'ti'al t% t/e ,el* line-
4otch positioning for 1): test pieces
4)* T/e HAU n%t'/ p%siti%ns '%mprise t/e +usi%n line CFB4. t/e FBW" mm an* t/e FBW= mm test pie'es s/all
be sample* in t/e p%siti%ns (i)en in Fi(ure # t% Fi(ure F. ,it/ t/e n%t'/ p%siti%ns as appli'able- FB test pie'es
s/all al,ays be l%'ate* su'/ t/at =0L %+ ,el* metal an* =0L %+ HAU is sample*-
4)) Impa't testin( %+ 'la*Iline* pipes s/all be per+%rme* in t/e 'arb%n steel p%rti%n %+ t/e material-
4)4 @/en *issimilar materials are ,el*e*. b%t/ si*es %+ t/e ,el* s/all be teste*-
4)8 F%r ,el* %)erlay material '%ntributin( t% t/e trans+er %+ l%a* a'r%ss t/e base materialI,el* %)erlay
+usi%n line. impa't testin( %+ t/e ,el* %)erlay an* HAU s/all be per+%rme* Ci-e- ,/en t/e %)erlay is a part %+
a butt G%int %r a'ts as a transiti%n bet,een a '%rr%si%n resistant all%y an* a 'arb%n steel4- T/e l%n(itu*inal a:is
%+ t/e spe'imen s/all be perpen*i'ular t% t/e +usi%n line an* t/e n%t'/ parallel t% t/e +usi%n line-
3 #** 3en" %es%ing
Guided(bend testing of the seam weld of welded pipe
#*) T/e test pie'es s/all be prepare* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO <;#F %r AST6 A#<0. an* Fi(ure F in ISO #1F#-
#*4 F%r pipe ,it/ t _ 1H-0 mm. t/e test pie'es may be ma'/ine* t% pr%)i*e a re'tan(ular 'r%ss-se'ti%n /a)in(
a t/i'&ness %+ 1F-0 mm- F%r pipe ,it/ t 1H-0 mm. t/e test pie'es s/all be +ull ,all t/i'&ness 'ur)e*-se'ti%n
test pie'es-
#*8 F%r SA@ pipes. t/e ,el* rein+%r'ement s/all be rem%)e* +r%m b%t/ +a'es-
#*4 T/e (ui*e*-ben* test s/all be 'arrie* %ut in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO <;#F- T/e man*rel *imensi%n s/all n%t
be lar(er t/an t/at *etermine* usin( t/e +%ll%,in( e2uati%n. ,it/ t/e result r%un*e* t% t/e nearest 1 mm0
,/ere0
)
(b
is t/e man*rel *imensi%n. e:presse* in millimetres Cin'/es4
is t/e spe'i+ie* %utsi*e *iameter. e:presse* in millimetres Cin'/es4
t is t/e spe'i+ie* ,all t/i'&ness. e:presse* in millimetres Cin'/es4
C!-"4
*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &1'
e is t/e strain. as (i)en in Table "# %+ ISO #1F#
1-1= is t/e pea&in( +a't%r-
#*# !%t/ test pie'es s/all be bent 1F0] in a Gi( as s/%,n in Fi(ure H in ISO #1F#- One test pie'e s/all /a)e
t/e r%%t %+ t/e ,el* *ire'tly in '%nta't ,it/ t/e man*relO t/e %t/er test pie'e s/all /a)e t/e +a'e %+ t/e ,el*
*ire'tly in '%nta't ,it/ t/e man*rel-
-end testing of clad linepipe
#*5 @el* 'la* %r r%ll b%n*e* 'la* pipe s/all be subGe'te* t% ben* testin( Ct/e l%n(itu*inal ,el*ment s/all
n%t be in'lu*e*4- Spe'imens s/all be %+ +ull t/i'&ness. in'lu*in( t/e +ull t/i'&ness %+ t/e 'la* layer- T/e ,i*t/
%+ t/e spe'imens s/all be appr%:imately "= mm- T/e e*(es may be r%un*e* t% a ra*ius %+ 1I10 %+ t/e t/i'&ness-
T/e spe'imens s/all be bent 1F0] ar%un* a +%rmer ,it/ a *iameter =: t/e pipe ,all t/i'&ness-
#*& B%n(itu*inal ,el* r%%t ben* test s/all in'lu*e t/e '%rr%si%n resistant all%y-
1 T/e l%n(itu*inal a:is %+ t/e ,el* s/all be parallel t% t/e spe'imen. ,/i'/ is bent s% t/at t/e r%%t sur+a'e is
in tensi%n-
1 T/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e l%n(itu*inal r%%t ben* spe'imen s/all be at least t,i'e t/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e internal ,el*
rein+%r'ement %r ma:imum "= mm- T/e e*(es may be r%un*e* t% a ra*ius %+ 1I10 %+ t/e t/i'&ness-
1 T/e internal an* e:ternal ,el* rein+%r'ement s/all be rem%)e* +lus/ ,it/ t/e %ri(inal sur+a'es-
1 T/e t/i'&ness %+ t/e spe'imen s/all be e2ual t% t/e base material t/i'&ness %r a ma:imum %+ 10 mm. as
s/%,n in Fi(ure "-
1 T/e spe'imen s/all be bent t% an an(le %+ 1F0] usin( a +%rmer ,it/ *iameter H0 mm-
-end testing for 6P8T according to )ppendi" %
#*2 !en* testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO =1<#- !en* test spe'imens s/all /a)e +ull ,all
t/i'&ness- T/e ,i*t/ %+ r%%t an* +a'e ben* spe'imens s/all be appr%:imately "= mm- T/e ,i*t/ %+ si*e ben*
spe'imens s/all be 10 mm- T/e e*(es may be r%un*e* t% a ra*ius %+ 1I10 %+ t/e t/i'&ness-
#*: !en* test %+ 'la* pipes s/all be per+%rme* %n +ull t/i'&ness %+ t/e pipe. in'lu*in( t/e '%rr%si%n resistant all%y-
#)* T/e ,el* rein+%r'ement %n b%t/ +a'es s/all be rem%)e* +lus/ ,it/ t/e %ri(inal sur+a'es. as s/%,n in
Fi(ure 1- T/e ,el* s/all be l%'ate* in t/e 'entre %+ ea'/ spe'imen-
#)) T/e spe'imens s/all be bent t% an an(le %+ 1F0] usin( a +%rmer ,it/ *iameter *epen*in( %n t/e spe'i+ie*
minimum yiel* stress S6RS +%r t/e parent material- F%r materials ,it/ S6RS up t% ;1= 6Pa. t/e +%rmer
*iameter s/all be ;: t/i'&ness %+ t/e test spe'imen- F%r materials ,it/ S6RS e2ual t% %r e:'ee*in( ;1= 6Pa.
t/e +%rmer *iameter s/all be = t/i'&ness %+ t/e test spe'imen-
#)4 I+ ne'essary. e-(- i+ %ne %+ t/e materials t% be G%ine* /as a l%,er yiel* stress t/an t/e %t/er. (ui*e* ben*
testin( in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO =1<# may be applie*. usin( t/e same r%ller *iameter as +%r t/e '%n)enti%nal
ben* testin(-
#)8 A+ter ben*in(. t/e ,el*e* G%int s/all be '%mpletely ,it/in t/e tensi%ne* re(i%n-
-end testing of weld overlay
#)4 Si*e ben* test spe'imens s/all be use*- T/e test spe'imens s/all be sample* perpen*i'ular t% t/e ,el*in(
*ire'ti%n-
1 F%r pipes. t/e test spe'imens s/all sample t/e +ull t/i'&ness %+ t/e ,el* %)erlay an* t/e base material- F%r
/ea)y se'ti%n '%mp%nents. t/e t/i'&ness %+ t/e base material in t/e spe'imen s/all be at least e2ual t% =:
t/e t/i'&ness %+ t/e %)erlay-
1 T/e t/i'&ness %+ si*e ben* spe'imens s/all be 10 mm- T/e e*(es may be r%un*e* t% a ra*ius %+ 1I10 %+ t/e
t/i'&ness- T/e 'entral p%rti%n %+ t/e ben* test spe'imen s/all in'lu*e an %)erlap area-
1 T/e spe'imens s/all be bent t% an an(le %+ 1F0]- F%r base materials ,it/ S6RS up t% ;1= 6Pa t/e +%rmer
*iameter s/all be ;: t/i'&ness %+ t/e test spe'imen- F%r base materials ,it/ S6RS e2ual t% %r e:'ee*in(
;1= 6Pa t/e +%rmer *iameter s/all be =: t/i'&ness %+ t/e test spe'imen-
3 5** Fla%%ening %es%
5*) T/e test pie'es s/all be ta&en in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO F;H". e:'ept t/at t/e len(t/ %+ ea'/ test pie'e s/all
be >0 mm- 6in%r sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns may be rem%)e* by (rin*in(-
5*4 T/e +lattenin( test s/all be 'arrie* %ut in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO F;H"- As s/%,n in Fi(ure > in ISO #1F#.
%ne %+ t/e t,% test pie'es ta&en +r%m b%t/ en*-%+-'%il l%'ati%ns s/all be teste* ,it/ t/e ,el* at t/e > %r 1"
%N'l%'& p%siti%n. ,/ereas t/e remainin( t,% test pie'es s/all be teste* at t/e # %r H %N'l%'& p%siti%n- Test pie'es
ta&en +r%m 'r%p en*s at ,el* st%ps s/all be teste* at t/e # %r H %N'l%'& p%siti%n %nly-
3 &** Dr!( 1eigh% %ear %es%
&*) Dr%p ,ei(/t tear test s/all be 'arrie* %ut in a''%r*an'e ,it/ API RP =B#-
&*4 Full t/i'&ness spe'imens s/all be use* ,/ere p%ssible- Re*u'e* t/i'&ness spe'imens may be use*
subGe't t% Pur'/aser a(reement- T/e testin( temperature re*u'ti%n (i)en in API RP =B# s/all apply-
*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &11
T/e spe'imens s/all be ta&en trans)erse t% t/e r%llin( *ire'ti%n %r pipe a:is. ,it/ t/e n%t'/ perpen*i'ular t%
t/e sur+a'e-
F%r /i(/ t%u(/ness steels *u'tile 'ra'& initiati%n +r%m t/e n%t'/ tip s/all be a''eptable C'%ntrary t% API RP
=B#. lause <-14-
3 2** Frac%'re %!'ghness %es%ing
2*) F%r 2uali+i'ati%n testin( %+ linepipe ,el* metal. see F0; an* F1# t% F1=0
1 +%r 2uali+i'ati%n testin( %+ (irt/ ,el*s. see F1> t% F"0-
2*4 T/e +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( appli'able t% t/is Stan*ar* is0
1 Fra'ture t%u(/ness testin(. 7 %r TOD C4. a minimum %+ # spe'imens is re2uire* +%r ea'/ n%t'/ p%siti%n-
1 Fra'ture t%u(/ness resistan'e 'ur)e testin(. 7-a C7 R-'ur)e4 %r -a C R-'ur)e4. a minimum %+ >
spe'imens is re2uire* +%r ea'/ n%t'/ p%siti%n-
2*8 Fra'ture t%u(/ness testin( s/%ul* be per+%rme* usin( %ne %+ t/e +%ll%,in( type %+ spe'imens0
1 Sin(le E*(e N%t'/e* Tensi%n CSENT4. %r
1 Sin(le E*(e N%t'/e* !en* CSEN!4 spe'imen
Pipeline ,alls are pre*%minately l%a*e* in tensi%n in*epen*ent %+ t/e l%a*in( m%*e- T/e re'%mmen*e*
spe'imen +%r su'/ '%n*iti%ns is t/e SENT spe'imen. as s/%,n in Fi(ure 1"- Re+er als% t% DNV-RP-F10F +%r
+urt/er (ui*an'e-
G'i"ance n!%eF
%mm%nly use* testin( stan*ar*s *es'ribe met/%*s +%r *eterminin( t/e +ra'ture resistan'e +r%m *eeply n%t'/e*
SEN! CSin(le E*(e N%t'/e* !en*4 %r T C%mpa't Tensi%n4 spe'imens- T/ese spe'imens. b%t/ pre*%minantly
l%a*e* in ben*in(. /a)e /i(/ 'ra'& tip '%nstraint an* ,ill /en'e (i)e l%,er b%un* estimates +%r t/e +ra'ture resistan'e
t/at 'an be use* +%r '%nser)ati)e +ra'ture assessments +%r a lar(e ran(e %+ en(ineerin( stru'tures- T/e SEN! spe'imen
'an als% be use* but t/is is li&ely t% result in unne'essarily '%nser)ati)e +ra'ture t%u(/ness-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
2*4 Fra'ture t%u(/ness testin( as re2uire* in Se'-< +%r ,el* metal s/all be TOD testin( %+ SEN!
spe'imens-
2*# Ot/er test spe'imen '%n+i(urati%ns may be use* +%r *eri)in( t/e +ra'ture t%u(/ness +%r use in an EA
pr%)i*e* t/at t/e +ra'ture t%u(/ness 'an be *eri)e* +r%m e:perimental measurement. e-(- l%a* )s- 'lip (au(e
*ispla'ement an* t/at it is Gusti+ie* t/at t/e 'ra'& tip '%nstraint %+ t/e test spe'imen is n%t smaller t/an +%r t/e
m%st se)ere pipeline ,el* *e+e't assesse* in t/e EA-
2*5 Testin( %+ SEN! spe'imens s/all be 'arrie* %ut in (eneral '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e latest re)isi%ns %+ ISO
1"1#= an* ISO 1=>=# %r an e2ui)alent stan*ar*-
All SENT testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ DNV-RP-F10F-
2*& P%st-test metall%(rap/y s/all be applie* t% t/e spe'imens *esi(nate* +%r FBIHAU testin( in %r*er t%
establis/ i+ t/e 'ra'& tip /as been su''ess+ully l%'ate* in t/e tar(et mi'r%stru'ture-
T/e spe'imen is '%nsi*ere* 2uali+ie* i+0
1 t/e pre-'ra'& tip is n%t m%re t/an 0-= mm +r%m +usi%n line
1 (rain '%arsene* /eat a++e'te* J%ne C3HAU4 mi'r%-stru'ture is present ,it/in a re(i%n '%n+ine* by a plane
perpen*i'ular t% t/e 'ra'& plane t/r%u(/ t/e 'ra'& tip an* a parallel plane 0-= mm a/ea* %+ t/e 'ra'& tip-
Relevant for testing of S!4- specimens
2*2 Testin( %+ SEN! spe'imens are a''eptable. see H0#. als% ,it/ re*u'e* n%t'/ len(t/- H%,e)er. +%r use
in an EA t/e spe'imen n%t'/ len(t/ s/all n%t be '/%sen s/%rter t/an t/e /ei(/t %+ t/e m%st se)ere ,el* *e+e't
assesse* in t/e EA-
T/e +ra'ture t%u(/ness +%r SEN! test spe'imens 'an be *eri)e* +r%m t/e l%a* )s- 'lip (au(e *ispla'ement
re'%r* a''%r*in( t% t/e +%ll%,in( +%rmulae0
C!-#4
,/ere
( )
( )
|
|
\
|
=
4 C #
1
1
" "
o
o
pl pl
a 6
a
a 6 -
)
!
F
2

,/ere )
pl
is t/e area un*er t/e l%a* )s- 'ra'& m%ut/ *ispla'ement C6OD4 'ur)e- F%r *e+initi%ns %+ t/e %t/er
parameters it is re+erre* t% !S <;;F an* AST6 E1F"0 an* a is t/e 'ra'& e:tensi%n a+ter testin(-
2*: I+ t/e t%tal *ispla'ement. V
(
. is measure* at a *istan'e J 0-"a +r%m t/e p/ysi'al 'ra'& m%ut/ t/en t/e
6OD 'an be 'al'ulate* +r%m0
2)* T/e TOD-)alue. . 'an be 'al'ulate* +r%m 7 a''%r*in( Appen*i: A. 310<-
Reporting of fracture toughness testing:
2)) T/e +%ll%,in( in+%rmati%n s/all be rep%rte* +r%m 7ITOD testin(0
1 l%a* )s- 'ra'& m%ut/ %penin( *ispla'ement 'ur)es %+ all tests
1 'ra'& measurements Ca
0
4
1 G %r results
1 test temperature
1 material '%n*iti%n Cp%ssible pre-strainin( an* a(in( /ist%ry4
1 ,el*in( pr%'e*ure an* ,el* metal *esi(nati%n
1 parent pipe *esi(nati%n-
2)4 T/e +%ll%,in( in+%rmati%n s/all be rep%rte* +r%m 7 R-'ur)e %r R- 'ur)e testin(0
1 l%a* )s- 'ra'& m%ut/ %penin( *ispla'ement 'ur)es %+ all tests
1 'ra'& measurements Ca
0
an* a4
1 7-a %r -
1 a results
1 test temperature
1 material '%n*iti%n Cp%ssible pre-strainin( an* a(in( /ist%ry4
1 ,el*in( pr%'e*ure an* ,el* metal *esi(nati%n
1 parent pipe *esi(nati%n-
&racture toughness testing of linepipe
2)8 T/e +%ll%,in( applies t% +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( %+ linepipe as re2uire* *urin( 6P5T0
+ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( %+ t/e ,el* metal s/all be per+%rme* usin( SEN! spe'imens-
2)4 Testin( s/all be '%n*u'te* %n t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness n%t'/e* spe'imens ,it/ t/e spe'imen %rientate*
trans)erse t% t/e ,el* *ire'ti%n Ct/e '%rresp%n*in( n%tati%n use* by ISO 1=>=# is NP4- T/e n%t'/ s/all be
l%'ate* in t/e ,el* metal 'entre line-
2)# T/e number %+ )ali* TOD %r 7 tests +%r ea'/ l%'ati%n s/all be minimum #- T/e '/ara'teristi' TOD %r
'riti'al 7 )alue s/all be ta&en as t/e l%,est +r%m # )ali* tests %r sele'te* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !S <H10- Only
spe'imens t/at are 2uali+ie* ,it/ respe't t% 'ra'& tip l%'ati%n by p%st-test metall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n s/all be
'%nsi*ere* )ali*-
8ualification of girth welds /!%)0
2)5 T/e re'%mmen*e* spe'imen +%r +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( %+ (irt/ ,el*s is t/e SENT CSin(le E*(e
N%t'/e* Tensi%n4 spe'imen- T/e 'al'ulati%n an* per+%rman'e %+ SENT testin( s/all be a''%r*in( t% DNV-RP-
F10F-
2)& T/e SENT spe'imens s/all be *esi(ne* ,it/ a Sur+a'e N%t'/ CSN4. sin'e t/is is t/e rele)ant %rientati%n
+%r *e+e'ts in t/e ,el*s- T/e n%t'/ may be intr%*u'e* eit/er +r%m t/e %uter sur+a'e %r +r%m t/e inner sur+a'e-
2)2 T/e n%t'/ p%siti%ns an* ,el*in( pr%'e*ures t% be teste* s/all be a(ree*- Typi'ally t/e main line
pr%'e*ureCs4. t/e t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness pr%'e*ureCs4 an* t/e partial repair pr%'e*ureCs4 s/all be teste* as illustrate*
in Fi(ure H an* spe'i+ie* in Appen*i: A. Table A-". Table A-F an* Table A-1#-
G'i"ance n!%eF
It is re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e FBIHAU is n%t'/e* +r%m t/e %uter sur+a'e- Su'/ n%t'/in( is empiri'ally m%re su''ess+ul
be'ause t/e 'ra'& (r%,t/ ten*s t% (r%, t%,ar*s t/e base material- Hen'e. a 'ra'& tip at t/e FB b%un*ary is typi'ally
(r%,in( t/r%u(/ t/e HAU i+ it is n%t'/e* +r%m t/e %uter sur+a'e-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
C!-;4
C!-=4
"
;#< - 0 1HH - " >>< - # |
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
6
a
6
a
o o
pl
%$5
;
g
1
,
0-Fa 0-"6 +
------------------------------- +
----------------------------------------- =
2): F%r situati%ns in)%l)in( plasti' *e+%rmati%n an* p%ssibility %+ unstable +ra'ture 'ause* by tearin(. 'ra'&
resistan'e 'ur)e testin( Cpre+erably 7 R-'ur)e4 s/all be per+%rme* %+ t/e (irt/ ,el*- I+ t/e SENT spe'imen is
teste*. ,/i'/ is re'%mmen*e*. t/e testin( s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ DNV-RP-F10F-
24* I+ se(ment testin( is re2uire*. see Appen*i: A. H101. testin( s/all be per+%rme* base* %n DNV-RP-
F10F- T/e am%unt %+ testin( an* test pr%'e*ure s/all be a*Guste* t% t/e l%a*in( '%nsi*ere*-
3 :** S(eci+ic %es%s +!r cla" an" line" line(i(e
:*) S/ear testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 A">; CStan*ar* Spe'i+i'ati%n +%r Stainless
/r%mium-Ni'&el Steel-la* Plate. S/eet an* Strip4-
:*4 3rippin( +%r'e %+ line* pipe s/all be measure* by t/e resi*ual '%mpressi)e stress test. in a''%r*an'e ,it/
lause <-# b %+ API =BD-
3 )*** Me%all!gra(hic e,a$ina%i!n an" har"ness %es%ing
$acro e"amination
)**) 6a'r% e:aminati%n s/all be per+%rme* at = t% 10 ma(ni+i'ati%ns C+%r HF@ t/e e:aminati%n s/all be
per+%rme* at minimum ;0 an* be *%'umente* at 10 t% "0 ma(ni+i'ati%n4- 6a'r% e:aminati%n s/all be
'%n*u'te* %n spe'imens (i)en in Fi(ures 10 an* 11. as appli'able- T/e ma'r% se'ti%n s/all in'lu*e t/e ,/%le
,el* *ep%sit an* in a**iti%n in'lu*e at least 1= mm %+ base material %n ea'/ si*e measure* +r%m any p%int %+
t/e +usi%n line- T/e ma'r%-se'ti%n s/all be prepare* by (rin*in(. p%lis/in(. an* et'/e* %n %ne si*e t% 'learly
re)eal t/e +usi%n line an* HAU-
T/e ma'r% e:aminati%n %+ ,el* %)erlay s/all be sample* trans)erse t% t/e ,el*in( *ire'ti%n- T/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e
ma'r% se'ti%n s/all be minimum ;0 mm- T/e +a'e e:p%se* by se'ti%nin( s/all be prepare* by (rin*in(.
p%lis/in( an* et'/e* by a suitable et'/ant t% 'learly re)eal t/e ,el* an* /eat a++e'te* J%ne-
$icrostructure e"amination
)**4 Samples +%r %pti'al metall%(rap/y s/all be prepare* usin( stan*ar* pr%'e*ures. an* +urt/er et'/e*
usin( a suitable et'/ant in %r*er t% re)eal t/e mi'r%stru'ture-
6i'r% e:aminati%n %+ *uple: stainless steels s/all be per+%rme* an* *%'umente* at a minimum ma(ni+i'ati%n
%+ ;00P-
T/e +errite '%ntent %+ t/e base material an* ,el* metal s/all be measure* a''%r*in( t% AST6 E=>"-
1ardness testing
)**8 Har*ness testin( %+ base material an* ,el* 'r%ss-se'ti%n samples s/all be 'arrie* %ut usin( t/e Vi'&ers
HV10 met/%* a''%r*in( t% ISO >=0<-1-
)**4 F%r pipe base material tests. in*i)i*ual /ar*ness rea*in(s e:'ee*in( t/e appli'able a''eptan'e limit
may be '%nsi*ere* a''eptable i+ t/e a)era(e %+ a minimum %+ t/ree an* ma:imum %+ si: a**iti%nal rea*in(s
ta&en ,it/in 'l%se pr%:imity *%es n%t e:'ee* t/e appli'able a''eptan'e limit an* i+ n% su'/ in*i)i*ual rea*in(
e:'ee*s t/e a''eptan'e limit by m%re t/an 10 HV10 units-
)**# Har*ness test l%'ati%ns +%r S6BS pipe s/all be as s/%,n in Fi(ure 10 a4. e:'ept t/at0
1 ,/en t M ;-0 mm. it is %nly ne'essary t% 'arry %ut t/e mi*-t/i'&ness tra)erse
1 +%r pipe ,it/ ;-0 mm t M > mm. it is %nly ne'essary t% 'arry %ut t/e insi*e an* %utsi*e sur+a'e tra)erses-
)**5 Har*ness testin( %+ ,el*s s/all be per+%rme* %n t/e spe'imens use* +%r ma'r% e:aminati%n. an* as
s/%,n in Fi(ures 10 b4 an* '4. an* Fi(ure 11-
)**& F%r SA@. HF@ an* 6@P t/e +%ll%,in( applies0
1 +%r pipe ,it/ t M ;-0 mm. it is %nly ne'essary t% 'arry %ut t/e mi*-t/i'&ness tra)erse
1 +%r pipe ,it/ ;-0 mm t M > mm. it is %nly ne'essary t% 'arry %ut t/e insi*e an* %utsi*e sur+a'e tra)erses-
)**2 In t/e ,el* metal %+ SA@ an* 6@P ,el*s. a minimum %+ # in*entati%ns e2ually spa'e* al%n( ea'/
tra)erse s/all be ma*e- In t/e HAU. in*entati%ns s/all be ma*e al%n( t/e tra)erses +%r ea'/ 0-= - 1-0 mm Cas
'l%se as p%ssible but pr%)i*e* in*entati%n is ma*e int% una++e'te* material. an* startin( as 'l%se t% t/e +usi%n
line as p%ssible a''%r*in( t% Fi(ure 10 b4-
)**: Har*ness testin( %+ 'la*Iline* pipes s/all /a)e %ne a**iti%nal /ar*ness tra)erse l%'ate* in t/e t/i'&ness
'entre %+ t/e RA material- See Fi(ure 11-
)*)* F%r /ar*ness testin( %+ ,el* %)erlay /ar*ness testin( s/all be per+%rme* at a minimum %+ # test
l%'ati%ns0 in t/e base material. in t/e HAU an* in ea'/ layer %+ %)erlay up t% a ma:imum %+ " layers-
Surface hardness testing
)*)) Sur+a'e /ar*ness testin(. e-(- %+ suspe'te* /ar* sp%ts *ete'te* by )isual inspe'ti%n. s/all be 'arrie* %ut
in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO >=0>. ISO >=0<. ISO >=0F %r AST6 A#<0 usin( p%rtable /ar*ness test e2uipment-
Depen*in( %n t/e met/%* use* t/e e2uipment s/all '%mply ,it/ AST6 AH=>. AST6 A10#F %r AST6 E110-
3 ))** S%raining an" ageing
)geing test
))*) T/is test is appli'able i+ t/e '%l* +%rmin( *urin( pipe manu+a'ture %+ -6n an* 'la*Iline* steels
e:'ee*s =L strain an* +%r Supplementary re2uirement F- T/is test *%es n%t apply t% linepipe *eli)ere* ,it/ a
+inal /eat treatment Ce-(- n%rmalisin( %r 2uen'/ an* temperin(4-
A test '%up%n s/all be ma'/ine* +r%m t/e pipe material an* a(e* at "=0] +%r %ne /%ur- T/erea+ter. t/e
spe'i+ie* number %+ /arpy V-n%t'/ spe'imens s/all be ma'/ine* +r%m t/e mi**le %+ t/e '%up%n- T/e
%rientati%n %+ t/e spe'imens s/all be l%n(itu*inal t% t/e '%up%n 'entreline. ,it/ t/e n%t'/ perpen*i'ular t% t/e
sur+a'e %+ t/e test '%up%n-
Pre(straining and ageing of materials
))*4 Pre-strainin( is appli'able t%0
1 Binepipe material t% be 2uali+ie* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Supplementary re2uirement P-
1 3irt/ ,el*s t% be 2uali+ie* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: A CEA4-
))*8 Pre-strainin( 'an be 'arrie* %ut as +ull s'ale Cre)erse*4 ben*in( %+ ,/%le pipes se'ti%ns %r as tensi%nI
'%mpressi%n strainin( %+ material 'ut +r%m t/e pipe ,all Cse(ment spe'imens4-
))*4 @/en +ull s'ale ben*in( is applie* ,/%le pipes se'ti%ns t/ey s/all be instrumente* ,it/ strain (au(es
%n t/e %utsi*e %+ t/e pipe ,all in t/e 1" an* > %A'l%'& p%siti%ns. see Fi(ure 1; a4- A su++i'ient number %+ strain
(au(es s/all be +itte* al%n( t/e len(t/ %+ t/e test se'ti%n t% ensure an e++i'ient m%nit%rin( %+ t/e strain al%n(
t/e ,/%le test se'ti%n- I+ reelin( installati%n is simulate* it is re'%mmen*e* t% ben* t/e pipe a(ainst +%rmers
,it/ t/e '%rre't ra*iuses-
))*# @/en pre-strainin( 'ut material su'/ material s/all be +itte* ,it/ strain (au(es %n ea'/ %+ t/e %pp%site
si*es ,it/ respe't t% t/e smallest measure %n t/e 'r%ss se'ti%n. see Fi(ure 1; b4- A su++i'ient number %+ strain
(au(es s/all be +itte* al%n( t/e len(t/ %+ t/e test se'ti%n t% ensure an e++i'ient m%nit%rin( %+ t/e strain al%n(
t/e ,/%le test se'ti%n- I+ t/e test ma'/ine is n%t su++i'iently ri(i*. strain (au(es s/all als% be +itte* eit/er si*es
al%n( t/e l%n( 'r%ss se'ti%n-
))*5 T/e strain (au(es s/all be l%((e* ,it/ su++i'ient +re2uen'y *urin( t/e strainin( 'y'le t% ensure e++i'ient
m%nit%rin( %+ t/e 'y'le-
))*& T/e pre-strainin( s/all be 'arrie* %ut in su'/ a ,ay t/at t/e '/ara'teristi' strain Csee bel%,4 rea'/es at
least t/e strain le)els t% be simulate*-
))*2 T/e '/ara'teristi' strain s/all +%r 'ut material Cse(ments %r strip spe'imens4 be *e+ine* as t/e mean
)alue %+ t/e strains measure* %n t/e %utsi*e an* insi*e %+ t/e pipe si*e ,it/ t/e /i(/est strain- F%r +ull s'ale
ben*in( %+ sp%%l pie'esIpipe se'ti%ns t/e '/ara'teristi' strain s/%ul* be a'/ie)e* by ben*in( a(ainst a +%rmer
,it/ t/e a'tual ra*ius- I+ a +%rmer is n%t use* t/e material ,/i'/ ,ill be use* +%r later material testin( s/all at
least rea'/ t/e tar(et strain C'/ara'teristi' strain4. ,/ere t/e strain is measure* at t/e %uter 'ur)ature-
))*: T/e *i++eren'es bet,een strain (au(es may be lar(e *ue t% bu'&lin( %+ t/e se(mentIstrip spe'imens
*urin( '%mpressi%n- I+ +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( %+ t/e FB s/all be per+%rme* +r%m a straine* spe'imen t/e FB
a(ainst t/e parent pipe ,it/ strain le)el e2ual t% t/e tar(et strain s/all be teste*-
)))* A+ter strainin( +%r Supplementary re2uirement P. t/e samples s/all be arti+i'ially a(e* at "=0] +%r %ne
/%ur be+%re testin(- Re(ar*in( arti+i'ial a(ein( +%r EA. see Appen*i: A 3"00-
3 )4** Tes%ing !+ (in 6raCings an" al'$in!%her$ic 1el"s
%opper penetration
)4*) " test spe'imens s/all t/e se'ti%ne* trans)erse t% t/e an%*e lea* an* " test spe'imens parallel ,it/ t/e
an%*e lea*- T/e spe'imens s/all be prepare* an* et'/e* +%r metall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n- T/e e:aminati%n s/all
be per+%rme* at a ma(ni+i'ati%n %+ =0P- T/e +usi%n line %+ t/e ,el*IbraJin( s/all at any p%int n%t be m%re t/an
1-0 mm bel%, t/e base material sur+a'e- Inter(ranular '%pper penetrati%n %+ t/e base material s/all n%t at any
p%int e:ten* bey%n* 0-= mm +r%m t/e +usi%n line-
1ardness
)4*4 HV10 /ar*ness tests s/all be ma*e %n ea'/ %+ t/e spe'imens +%r '%pper penetrati%n measurements- A
tra)erse s/all be ma*e a'r%ss t/e ,el*IbraJin( J%ne- T/e tra)erse s/all '%nsist %+ minimum 10 in*entati%nsO
t,% in t/e /eat a++e'te* J%ne CHAU4 %n ea'/ si*e %+ t/e ,el*IbraJin(. t,% in t/e HAU un*er t/e ,el*IbraJin(
an* t,% in t/e base material %n ea'/ si*e %+ t/e ,el*IbraJin(- T/e HAU in*entati%ns s/all be ma*e as 'l%se t%
t/e +usi%n line as p%ssible-
)4*8 T/e ma:imum /ar*ness s/all n%t e:'ee* t/e limits (i)en in Appen*i: as appli'able +%r t/e inten*e*
ser)i'e an* type %+ material-
Pull test
)4*4 T/e test spe'imen s/all be m%unte* in a tensile testin( ma'/ine an* se'ure* in t/e 'able in %ne en* an*
t/e base material in t/e %t/er en*- F%r'e s/all be applie* until t/e spe'imen brea&s- T/e spe'imen s/all brea&
in t/e 'able-
C. C!rr!si!n Tes%ing
C )** General
)*) F%r 'ertain material an* +lui* '%mbinati%ns ,/ere impr%per manu+a'ture %r +abri'ati%n 'an 'ause
sus'eptibility t% '%rr%si%n relate* *ama(e. t/e nee* +%r '%rr%si%n testin( *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n an*I%r pr%*u'ti%n
%+ materials s/all be assesse*- ertain '%rr%si%n tests are +urt/er appli'able t% )eri+y a*e2uate mi'r%stru'ture
a++e'tin( t%u(/ness in a**iti%n t% '%rr%si%n resistan'e- T/is subse'ti%n *es'ribes test re2uirements an*
met/%*s +%r '%rr%si%n testin(-
C 4** 9i%%ing c!rr!si!n %es%
4*) T/is test is appli'able t% )eri+y RAsN resistan'e t% pittin( an* 're)i'e '%rr%si%n by %:i*isin( an*
'/l%ri*e '%ntainin( +lui*s. e-(- ra, sea,ater an* %t/er ,ater '%ntainin( +lui*s Cin'lu*in( treate* sea,ater4 ,it/
/i(/ resi*ual '%ntents %+ %:y(en an*I%r a'ti)e '/l%rine- F%r *uple: stainless steels. t/is test is +urt/er appli'able
t% )eri+y a*e2uate mi'r%stru'ture a+ter manu+a'turin( %r +abri'ati%n Csee !1014-
4*4 Testin( s/all be 'arrie* %ut a''%r*in( t% AST6 3;F. 6et/%* A-
4*8 B%'ati%n %+ spe'imens is (i)en in Appen*i: . Fi(ures 1 an* "-
4*4 T/e minimum re'%mmen*e* siJe %+ test spe'imens is "= mm ,i*e by =0 mm l%n( by +ull material
t/i'&ness Ce:'ept as all%,e* by "0=4- F%r ,el*s. at least 1= mm %+ t/e base material %n ea'/ si*e %+ t/e ,el*
s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e test spe'imen-
4*# Test spe'imens +r%m 'la*Iline* pipe s/all be ma'/ine* t% rem%)e t/e 'arb%n steel p%rti%n an* are t%
'%ntain t/e +ull ,el* an* any /eat a++e'te* J%ne in t/e '%rr%si%n resistant all%y- T/e spe'imen t/i'&ness s/all
as a minimum be 1 mm ,/ere %ne %+ t/e sur+a'es is representin( t/e insi*e %+ t/e pipe-
4*5 R%lle* sur+a'es s/all be teste* Sas-re'ei)e*T. i-e- ,it/%ut me'/ani'al preparati%n- T/e r%%t an* t/e 'ap
si*e %+ t/e ,el*s are %nly t% be prepare* ,it/ t/e intenti%n %+ rem%)in( Sl%%se materialT t/at ,ill inter+ere ,it/
,ei(/in( pri%r t% an* a+ter testin(- ut +a'es s/all be (r%un* C=00 (ri*4 an* s/arp e*(es sm%%t/e* %++- T/e
spe'imen s/all subse2uently be pi'&le* t% re*u'e t/e sus'eptibility %+ 'ut sur+a'es t% en*-(rain atta'&- F%r
*uple: stainless steels an* austeniti' (ra*es ,it/ PRE _ #0. "0L nitri' a'i* W =L /y*r%+lu%ri' a'i*. = minutes
at >0] is a*e2uate-
4*& T/e test s%luti%n s/all be prepare* a''%r*in( t% t/e re+eren'e* stan*ar*-
%orrosion testing of weld overlay
4*2 Spe'imens +%r '%rr%si%n testin( %+ t/e ,el* %)erlay s/all be ma'/ine* +r%m t/e base material si*e- T/e
remainin( sur+a'e %+ t/e spe'imen s/all be representati)e +%r t/e ,el* %)erlay at t/e minimum *istan'e +r%m
t/e +usi%n line Ce2ual t% # mm %r t/e minimum ,el* %)erlay t/i'&ness spe'i+ie* +%r t/e +inis/e* ma'/ine*
'%mp%nent. ,/i'/e)er is t/e lesser4- T/e %pp%site sur+a'e %+ t/e spe'imen s/all be ma'/ine* su'/ t/at t/e
t/i'&ness %+ t/e spe'imen is " mm- T/e siJe %+ t/e spe'imen s/all be "= "= mm in len(t/ an* ,i*t/-
C 8** H7"r!gen in"'ce" crac0ing %es%
8*) Testin( +%r Hy*r%(en In*u'e* ra'&in( CHI4. als% re+erre* t% as Step@ise ra'&in( CS@4. as *e+ine*
in ISO 1=1=> is appli'able t% r%lle* -6n steel linepipe an* pipeline '%mp%nents- Testin( s/all be a''%r*in(
t% ISO 1=1=>-". !-= Cre+errin( t% NAE T60"F;4-
8*4 Tests s/%ul* be '%n*u'te* in a me*ium '%mplyin( ,it/ NAE T60"F;. S%luti%n A-
I+ a(ree*. tests may be '%n*u'te*0
1 in =L mass +ra'ti%n Nal W 0-; mass +ra'ti%n H
#
OONa an* pH a*Guste* t% re2uire* )alue usin( Hl %r
NaOH Csee ISO 1=1=>-"0"00#. Table !-#4
1 ,it/ a partial pressure %+ H
"
S appr%priate t% t/e inten*e* appli'ati%n
1 ,it/ a''eptan'e 'riteria t/at are e2ual t% %r m%re strin(ent t/an t/%se spe'i+ie* in Se'-< I110-
Values %+ 'ra'& len(t/ rati%. 'ra'& t/i'&ness rati%. an* 'ra'& sensiti)ity rati% s/all be rep%rte*- I+ a(ree*.
p/%t%(rap/s %+ any rep%rtable 'ra'& s/all be pr%)i*e* ,it/ t/e rep%rt-
C 4** S'l(hi"e s%ress crac0ing %es%
8ualification of new materials
4*) F%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ ne, materials Ci-e- n%t liste* +%r H
"
S ser)i'e in ISO 1=1=>-"I#4. testin( s/all be
'%n*u'te* %n spe'imens +r%m at least # /eats %+ material- 5uali+i'ati%n testin( s/all in'lu*e testin( %+ simulate*
(irt/ ,el*s an* +%r ,el*e* pipe als% seam ,el*s. in a**iti%n t% l%n(itu*inal samples %+ t/e base material-
Spe'imen preparati%n. testin( pr%'e*ures an* a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all '%mply ,it/ ISO 1=1=>. usin( tripli'ate
spe'imens +%r ea'/ testin( '%n*iti%n Ci-e- /eat %+ material an* en)ir%nment4-
4*4 6aterials liste* +%r H
"
S ser)i'e in ISO 1=1=> but n%t meetin( t/e re2uirements in Se'-< I100. Ce-(-
ma:imum /ar*ness %r '%ntents %+ all%yin( %r impurity elements4 may be 2uali+ie* by testin( +%r resistan'e t%
Sulp/i*e Stress ra'&in( CSS4 as spe'i+ie* in ;01. e:'ept t/at testin( s/all be 'arrie* %ut %n material
representin( t/e ,%rst 'ase '%n*iti%ns t% be 2uali+ie* Ce-(- ma:- /ar*ness %r ma:- sulp/ur '%ntent4-
8ualification of pipe manufacturing
4*8 As an %pti%n t% Pur'/aser. SS testin( may be 'arrie* %ut +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ pipe manu+a'turin(- One
l%n(itu*inal base material sample s/all be ta&en +r%m ea'/ test pipe-
4*4 F%r ,el*e* linepipe. testin( s/all in'lu*e %ne a**iti%nal sample trans)erse t% t/e ,el* *ire'ti%n Csamples
@ %r @S a''%r*in( t% Fi(ure = in ISO #1F#4 an* s/all '%ntain a se'ti%n %+ t/e l%n(itu*inal %r /eli'al seam
,el* at its 'entre-
4*# T/ree test pie'es s/all be ta&en +r%m ea'/ sample- Test pie'es +%r +%ur-p%int ben*in( SS tests s/%ul*
be 11= mm l%n( 1= mm ,i*e = mm t/i'&- Samples may be +lattene* pri%r t% ma'/inin( test pie'es +r%m
t/e insi*e sur+a'e %+ t/e pipe-
4*5 Tests s/%ul* be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ NAE T601<<. usin( Test S%luti%n A- A +%ur-p%int ben*
test pie'e in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO <=#H-" s/all be use* an* t/e test *urati%n s/all be <"0 /- T/e test pie'es s/all
be stresse* t% a +ra'ti%n %+ ARS appr%priate +%r t/e pipeline *esi(n. /%,e)er minimum F0L %+ t/e material
ARS-
Fig're )
3en" %es% s(eci$ens
Fig're 4
!ngi%'"inal r!!% 6en" %es% s(eci$ens

9

t

l &%% mm

9

r %.$ t. ma>. '.% mm

:all edges<

t ? !pecimen thickness, t ? $% mm

9 ? 9idth of specimen ? =ase material thickness

The weld reinforcement is to be machined / ground

flush with the base material

a< !;D, =,ND T,!T !0,(;8,N

:0l./pipe mat. thickness t &2 mm.<

t

l

&%% mm

r %.$ t. ma>. '.% mm

:all edges<

9

t ? !pecimen thickness ? =ase material thickness

9 ? 9idth of specimen, 9 ? $.2 t, min. &% mm



t

b< #*(,//T =,ND T,!T !0,(;8,N
:0l./pipe mat. thickness t @ &2 mm.<
t
l &%% mm
T
9
t ? !pecimen thickness ? $% mm
9 ? 9idth of specimen ? '% mm
T ? =ase material thickness
t
r %.$ t. ma>. '.% mm
:all edges<
*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &2%
1 T/e SFBT spe'imen s/all sample =0L @6 an* =0L HAU
1 T/e SFBW= mmT sample is appli'able t% @P5T %nly-
Fig're 8
Char(7 D-n!%ch i$(ac% %es%ing s(eci$en (!si%i!ns +!r single si"e" 1el"s 1i%h % 4# $$
1 T/e SFBW = mmT sample is appli'able t% @P5T %nly-
Fig're 4
Char(7 D-n!%ch i$(ac% %es% s(eci$en (!si%i!ns +!r single si"e" 1el"s 1i%h % > 4# $$
1 T/e spe'imens in*i'ate* in t/e r%%t area are %nly appli'able ,/en t _ "= mm4
1 T/e SFBW= mmT samples are appli'able t% @P5T %nly Cn%t at pipe mill4-
Fig're #
Char(7 D-n!%ch i$(ac% %es% s(eci$en (!si%i!ns +!r "!'6le si"e" 1el"s

*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &2$
1 T/e spe'imens in*i'ate* in t/e r%%t area are %nly appli'able ,/en t _ "= mm4-
Fig're 5
Char(7 D-n!%ch i$(ac% %es% s(eci$en (!si%i!ns +!r HF 1el"s
Fig're &
Char(7 D-n!%ch i$(ac% %es% s(eci$en (!si%i!ns +!r +'ll %hic0ness re(air 1el"ing !+ narr!1 ga( 1el"s
Fig're 2
Char(7 D-n!%ch i$(ac% %es% s(eci$en (!si%i!ns +!r (ar%ial %hic0ness re(air 1el"ing
*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &2&
Fig're :
;ll's%ra%i!n !+ %7(ical n!%ch (!si%i!ns +!r +rac%'re %!'ghness %es%ing !+ gir%h 1el"s
Fig're )*
Har"ness l!ca%i!ns in a/ sea$less (i(es= 6/ HFW (i(e= an" c/ +'si!n 1el"e" A!in%s.
Fig're ))
Har"ness l!ca%i!ns cla" $a%erials
*pp.= 8echanical Testing and (orrosion Testing - 0age &2'
Fig're )4
The cla$(e" SENT .Single E"ge N!%che" Tensi!n/ s(eci$en
Fig're )8
Tensile s(eci$en +!r "e%er$ina%i!n !+ s%ressHs%rain c'r-es !+ 1el" $e%als in %he 1el" %rans-erse "irec%i!n
Fig're )4
;ns%r'$en%a%i!n !+ (i(e sec%i!n !+ sa$(les +!r (re-s%raining !+ $a%erials

W
P
P
a
B
+ripped area
+ripped area
'Day"light'
between grips, )
) ? $%9

*pp.( 9elding - 0age &21
A99END;M C
WED;NG
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is Appen*i: (i)es re2uirements t% all ,el*in( %n submarine pipeline systems ,it/ e:'epti%n %+
l%n(itu*inal seam ,el*in( in pipe mills t/at is (i)en in Se'-<-
A 4** A((lica%i!n
4*) T/is appen*i: applies t% all +abri'ati%n in)%l)in( s/%p-. site- %r +iel* ,el*in( in'lu*in( p%st ,el* /eat
treatment-
4*4 T/e base materials '%)ere* by t/is appen*i: are0
1 -6n an* l%, all%y steels
1 '%rr%si%n resistant all%ys CRA4 in'lu*in( +erriti' austeniti' C*uple:4 steel. austeniti' stainless steels.
martensiti' stainless steels C1#r4. %t/er stainless steels an* ni'&el base* all%ys
1 'la* an* line* steels-
T/e base material re2uirements are spe'i+ie* in Se'-< an* Se'-F-
4*8 @el*in( may be per+%rme* ,it/ t/e +%ll%,in( pr%'esses unless %t/er,ise spe'i+ie*0
1 S/iel*e* 6etal Ar' @el*in(. S6A@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1114
1 Flu: %re* Ar' @el*in( ,it/ a'ti)e (as s/iel*. 3-FA@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1#>4
1 Flu: %re* Ar' @el*in( ,it/ inert (as s/iel*. 3-FA@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1#<4
1 3as 6etal Ar' @el*in( ,it/ inert (as s/iel*. 36A@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1#14
1 3as 6etal Ar' @el*in( ,it/ a'ti)e (as s/iel*. 36A@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1#=4
1 Tun(sten Inert 3as Ar' @el*in(. 3TA@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1;14
1 Submer(e* Ar' @el*in(. SA@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1"4
1 Plasma ar' ,el*in(. PA@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1=4 may be use* +%r spe'i+i' appli'ati%ns-
G'i"ance n!%eF
36A@ an* FA@ C*%,n/ill %nly4 are re(ar*e* as met/%*s ,it/ /i(/ p%tential +%r n%n-+usin( type *e+e'ts-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e +%ll%,in( pr%'esses may be use* +%r spe'i+i' appli'ati%ns subGe't t% a(reement0
1 Baser beam ,el*in(. B!@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-="4
1 Ele'tr%n beam ,el*in(. E!@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-=14
1 Ele'tr% sla( ,el*in(
1 Plasma trans+erre* ar' ,el*in(. PTA-
4*# 6e'/anise* an* aut%mati' ,el*in( systems ,/ere pre)i%us e:perien'e is limite*. %r ,/ere t/e system
,ill be use* un*er ne, '%n*iti%ns. s/all be subGe't t% a m%re e:tensi)e pre-2uali+i'ati%n pr%(ramme %r
*%'umentati%n be+%re t/ey may be use*- T/e e:tent an* t/e '%ntents %+ a pre-2uali+i'ati%n pr%(ramme +%r su'/
me'/anise* ,el*in( systems s/all be a(ree* be+%re start up- T/e %ntra't%r s/all pr%)e an* *%'ument t/at t/e
,el*in( systems are reliable an* t/at t/e pr%'ess 'an be '%ntinu%usly m%nit%re* an* '%ntr%lle*-
A 8** De+ini%i!ns
8*) T/e +%ll%,in( *e+initi%ns are use* in t/is appen*i:0
6elder: Pers%n ,/% per+%rms t/e ,el*in(-
$anual welder: @el*er ,/% /%l*s an* manipulates t/e ele'tr%*e /%l*er. ,el*in( (un. t%r'/ %r
bl%,pipe by /an*-
6elding operator: @el*er ,/% %perates ,el*in( e2uipment ,it/ partly me'/anise* relati)e
m%)ement bet,een t/e ele'tr%*e /%l*er. ,el*in( (un. t%r'/ %r bl%,pipe an*
t/e ,%r& pie'e-
$anual welding: @el*in( ,/ere t/e ,el*in( parameters an* t%r'/ (ui*an'e are '%ntr%lle* by
t/e ,el*er-
Partly(mechanised welding: @el*in( ,/ere t/e ,el*in( parameters an* t%r'/ (ui*an'e are '%ntr%lle* by
t/e ,el*er. but ,/ere t/e e2uipment in'%rp%rates ,ire +ee*in(-
4*) Re2uirements +%r 2uality assuran'e are (i)en in Se'-" !=00-
3. Wel"ing E<'i($en%= T!!ls an" 9ers!nnel
3 )** Wel"ing e<'i($en% an" %!!ls
)*) Inspe'ti%n %+ t/e ,%r&s/%p. site %r )essel pri%r t% start %+ ,el*in( s/all be re2uire*- T/is s/all in'lu*e
)eri+i'ati%n %+ 'alibrati%n an* testin( %+ all t%%ls an* ,el*in( e2uipment use* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%nIpr%*u'ti%n
,el*in(-
G'i"ance n!%eF
ISO #F#;-" (i)es 2uality re2uirements +%r ,el*in( b%t/ in ,%r&s/%ps. sites %r )essels t/at may be appli'able +%r
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*4 @el*in( e2uipment s/all be %+ a 'apa'ity an* type suitable +%r t/e ,%r&- T/e e2uipment s/all be
'alibrate* an* maintaine* in (%%* ,%r&in( '%n*iti%n-
)*8 T/e '%ntr%l s%+t,are +%r me'/anise* an* aut%mati' ,el*in( systems s/all be *%'umente*- T/e name an*
uni2ue )ersi%n number %+ '%ntr%l s%+t,are an* t/e e:e'utable pr%(ramme in use s/all be 'learly )isible. e-(-
%n *isplays an*I%r print%uts- F%r me'/aniJe* ,el*in(. a ,el*in( system ,/i'/ *isplays t/e instantane%us /eat
input %n s'reen ,it/ %utputs +%r re'%r*in( )ari%us parameters s/%ul* be use*-
)*4 All ,el*in( e2uipment s/all /a)e a uni2ue mar&in( +%r i*enti+i'ati%n-
)*# alibrati%n status an* t/e )ali*ity %+ ,el*in(. m%nit%rin( an* inspe'ti%n e2uipment s/all be summarise*
(i)in( re+eren'e t% t/e type %+ e2uipment. 'alibrati%n 'erti+i'ate an* e:piry *ate-
)*5 @el*in( return 'ables s/all /a)e su++i'ient 'r%ss se'ti%n area t% pre)ent '%n'entrati%n %+ 'urrent an*
s/all be se'urely atta'/e* t% pre)ent ar' burns-
3 4** 9ers!nnel
4*) All pers%nnel in)%l)e* in ,el*in( relate* tas&s s/all /a)e a*e2uate 2uali+i'ati%ns an* un*erstan*in( %+
,el*in( te'/n%l%(y- T/e 2uali+i'ati%n le)el s/all re+le't t/e tas&s an* resp%nsibilities %+ ea'/ pers%n in %r*er
t% %btain t/e spe'i+ie* 2uality le)el-
6elding co(ordinator
4*4 T/e %r(anisati%n resp%nsible +%r ,el*in( s/all n%minate at least %ne aut/%rise* ,el*in( '%-%r*inat%r in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1;<#1 t% be present at t/e l%'ati%n ,/ere ,el*in( is per+%rme*- T/e ,el*in( '%-%r*inat%r
s/all /a)e '%mpre/ensi)e te'/ni'al &n%,le*(e a''%r*in( t% ISO 1;<#1. para(rap/ >-"-a-
6elding operators and welders
4*8 T/r%u(/ trainin( an* pra'tise pri%r t% 2uali+i'ati%n testin(. t/e ,el*in( pers%nnel s/all /a)e an
un*erstan*in( %+ Csee Anne: D %+ ISO H>0>-140
1 +un*amental ,el*in( te'/ni2ues
1 ,el*in( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%ns
1 rele)ant met/%*s +%r n%n-*estru'ti)e testin(
1 a''eptan'e 'riteria-
4*4 @el*in( %perat%rs per+%rmin( aut%mati' ,el*in( s/all be 2uali+ie* a''%r*in( t% EN 1;1F %r ISO1;<#"-
4*# @el*ers per+%rmin( manual. partly-me'/anise* ,el*in( an* me'/anise* ,el*in( s/all be 2uali+ie* +%r
sin(le si*e butt ,el*s %+ pipes %r plates in t/e re2uire* prin'ipal p%siti%n in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO H>0>-1. EN
"F<-1 %r %t/er rele)ant an* re'%(nise* stan*ar*s. +%r t/e respe'ti)e p%siti%ns. material (ra*es an* ,el*in(
pr%'esses- T/ese re2uirements are als% appli'able +%r ,el*ers per+%rmin( temp%rary ,el*s an* ta'& ,el*s-
4*5 @el*ers s/all be 2uali+ie* +%r sin(le si*e butt ,el*in( %+ pipes in t/e re2uire* prin'ipal p%siti%n- @el*ers
may be 2uali+ie* +%r part %+ t/e ,el*. r%%t. +illers %r 'ap by a(reement- Repair ,el*ers ,ill be 2uali+ie* +%r all
$echanised welding: @el*in( ,/ere t/e ,el*in( parameters an* t%r'/ (ui*an'e are +ully '%ntr%lle*
me'/ani'ally %r ele'tr%ni'ally but ,/ere min%r manual a*Gustments 'an be
per+%rme* *urin( ,el*in( t% maintain t/e re2uire* ,el*in( '%n*iti%ns-
)utomatic welding: @el*in( ,/ere t/e ,el*in( parameters an* t%r'/ (ui*an'e are +ully '%ntr%lle*
me'/ani'ally %r ele'tr%ni'ally an* ,/ere manual a*Gustment %+ ,el*in(
)ariables *urin( ,el*in( is n%t p%ssible an* ,/ere t/e tas& %+ t/e ,el*in(
%perat%r is limite* t% preset. start an* st%p t/e ,el*in( %perati%n-
types %+ repair a+ter su''ess+ully bein( teste* %n +ull penetrati%n repair pr%)i*in( t/e ,el*in( pr%'esses are t/e
same +%r t/e parti'ular se'ti%n- 6inimum repair len(t/ s/all be #00 mm. an* t/e repair s/all be per+%rme* in
t/e m%st *i++i'ult p%siti%n e:pe'te* Cn%rmally > %N'l%'& p%siti%n4-
4*& T/e 2uali+i'ati%n test s/all be 'arrie* %ut ,it/ t/e same %r e2ui)alent e2uipment t% be use* *urin(
pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(. an* s/%ul* be at t/e a'tual premises. i-e- ,%r& s/%p. yar*. an* )essel- 8se %+ %t/er
premises s/all be spe'ially a(ree*-
4*2 5uali+i'ati%n NDT s/all be 100L )isual e:aminati%n. 100L ra*i%(rap/i' %r ultras%ni' testin(. an*
100L ma(neti' parti'le %r li2ui* penetrant testin(- Test re2uirements an* a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D. subse'ti%n !-
4*: @/en usin( pr%'esses ,/i'/ /a)e /i(/ p%tential +%r n%n-+usin( type *e+e'ts. in'lu*in( 3-FA@
CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1#<4. ben* testin( s/all be per+%rme* ,it/ t/e number %+ ben* tests a''%r*in( t% ISO H>0>-
1- !en* testin( may be %mitte* in situati%ns ,/ere A8T is applie* *urin( ,el*er 2uali+i'ati%n-
4)* A ,el*er %r ,el*in( %perat%r ,/% /as pr%*u'e* a '%mplete an* a''eptable ,el*in( pr%'e*ure
2uali+i'ati%n is t/ereby 2uali+ie*-
Retesting
4)) A ,el*er may pr%*u'e a**iti%nal test pie'es i+ it is *em%nstrate* t/at t/e +ailure %+ a test pie'e is *ue t%
metallur(i'al %r %t/er 'auses %utsi*e t/e '%ntr%l %+ t/e ,el*erI,el*in( %perat%r-
4)4 I+ it is *etermine* t/at t/e +ailure %+ a test is *ue t% ,el*erNs la'& %+ s&ill. retestin( s/all %nly be per+%rme*
a+ter t/e ,el*er /as re'ei)e* +urt/er trainin(-
Period of validity
4)8 T/e peri%* %+ )ali*ity %+ a ,el*er 2uali+i'ati%n s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e stan*ar* use* +%r
2uali+i'ati%n- A 2uali+i'ati%n 'an be 'an'elle* i+ t/e ,el*erI,el*in( %perat%r s/%, ina*e2uate s&ill. &n%,le*(e
an* per+%rman'e-
4)4 @/en a 2uali+i'ati%n testin( %+ re'ent *ate is trans+erre* t% a ne, pr%Ge't. t/e ,el*in( pers%nnel s/all be
in+%rme* ab%ut parti'ular pr%Ge't re2uirements +%r ,/i'/ t/eir ,el*in( per+%rman'e ,ill be espe'ially
imp%rtant-
'dentification of welders
4)# Ea'/ 2uali+ie* ,el*er s/all be assi(ne* an i*enti+yin( number. letter %r symb%l t% i*enti+y t/e ,%r& %+
t/at ,el*er-
4)5 5uali+ie* ,el*ers s/all be issue* ,it/ an* be 'arryin( an ID 'ar* *isplayin( t/e i*enti+yin( number.
letter %r symb%l-
4)& T/e @el*in( %%r*inat%r s/all maintain a list %+ ,el*ers ID statin( t/e 2uali+i'ati%n ran(e +%r ea'/
,el*er-
Thermal cutters and air(arc gougers
4)2 Pers%nnel t% per+%rm air-ar' (%u(in( s/all be traine* an* e:perien'e* ,it/ t/e a'tual e2uipment-
5uali+i'ati%n testin( may be re2uire*-
5perators for pin bra,ing and aluminothermic welding
4): Operat%rs t/at /a)e per+%rme* a 2uali+ie* pr%'e*ure test are t/ereby 2uali+ie*-
44* Ot/er %perat%rs s/all ea'/ '%mplete t/ree test pie'es ma*e in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e pr%'e*ure
spe'i+i'ati%n pri%r t% 'arryin( %ut %perati%n ,%r&- Ea'/ test pie'e s/all pass t/e test +%r ele'tri'al resistan'e
an* me'/ani'al stren(t/ a''%r*in( t% Table ->-
3 8** E'ali+ica%i!n an" %es%ing !+ 1el"ing (ers!nnel +!r h7(er6aric "r7 1el"ing
8*) Re2uirements +%r 2uali+i'ati%n an* testin( %+ ,el*in( pers%nnel +%r /yperbari' *ry ,el*in( are (i)en in
subse'ti%n I-
C. Wel"ing C!ns'$a6les
C )** General
)*) @el*in( '%nsumables s/all be suitable +%r t/eir inten*e* appli'ati%n. (i)in( a ,el* ,it/ t/e re2uire*
pr%perties an* '%rr%si%n resistan'e in t/e +inally installe* '%n*iti%n-
)*4 @el*in( '%nsumables +%r ar' ,el*in( s/all be 'lassi+ie* a''%r*in( t% re'%(nise* 'lassi+i'ati%n s'/emes-
)*8 @el*in( '%nsumables an* ,el*in( pr%'esses s/all (i)e a *i++usible /y*r%(en '%ntent %+ ma:imum = mlI
100( ,el* metal unless %t/er re2uirements are (i)en +%r spe'i+i' appli'ati%ns in t/is Appen*i:- Hy*r%(en
testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO #>H0-
)*4 F%r t/e FA@ ,el*in( pr%'esses it s/all be *%'umente* t/at t/e /y*r%(en '%ntent %+ t/e *ep%site* ,el*
metal ,ill be bel%, = ml *i++usible /y*r%(en per 100 ( ,el* metal un*er '%n*iti%ns t/at realisti'ally 'an be
e:pe'te* +%r pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(-
)*# @el*in( '%nsumables +%r pr%'esses %t/er t/an manual %r me'/anise* ar' ,el*in( may re2uire spe'ial
'%nsi*erati%n ,it/ respe't t% 'erti+i'ati%n. /an*lin( an* st%ra(e-
)*5 Depleti%n %+ all%yin( elements *urin( ,el*in( per+%rme* ,it/ s/iel*in( (ases %t/er t/an HH-HHL ar(%n
s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
)*& All ,el*in( '%nsumables s/all be in*i)i*ually mar&e* an* supplie* ,it/ an inspe'ti%n 'erti+i'ate type
#-1 a''%r*in( t% EN 10"0; %r e2ui)alent- erti+i'ate type "-" is su++i'ient +%r SA@ +lu:-
%ellulose coated electrodes
)*2 ellul%se '%ate* ele'tr%*es may be use* %nly subGe't t% a(reement +%r ,el*in( %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s
in -6n linepipe ,it/ S6RS ;=0 6Pa- I+ use*. t/e *elay bet,een '%mpleti%n %+ t/e r%%t pass an* t/e
*ep%siti%n %+ t/e /%t pass s/all be simulate* *urin( ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n a''%r*in( t% E10F-
)*: 8se %+ 'ellul%se '%ate* ele'tr%*es is n%t permitte* +%r0
1 repair ,el*in( %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s
1 ,el*in( %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s in -6n linepipe ,it/ S6RS > ;=0 6Pa-
ata Sheet
))* Ea'/ bat'/ %+ ,el*in( '%nsumables s/all be *eli)ere* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a 6anu+a'turerNs *ata s/eet.
,/i'/ s/all state0
1 (uarantee* ma:imum )alue +%r *i++usible /y*r%(en in t/e *ep%site* ,el* metal
1 t/e (uarantee* minimum an* ma:imum le)els %+ . all%yin( elements an* any %t/er intenti%nally a**e*
elements
1 (uarantee* me'/ani'al pr%perties Ctensile an* impa't4
1 *etermine* un*er *e+ine* re+eren'e '%n*iti%ns- T/e *ata s/eet s/all. ,/en rele)ant. als% (i)e
re'%mmen*ati%ns +%r /an*lin(Ire'y'lin( %+ t/e ,el*in( '%nsumables in %r*er t% meet t/e (uarantee*
ma:imum )alue +%r *i++usible /y*r%(en in t/e *ep%site* ,el* metal-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e %ntra't%r resp%nsible +%r t/e ,el*in( an* t/e ,el*in( '%nsumable manu+a'turer s/%ul* a(ree %n t/e '%ntent
an* t/e spe'i+ie* limits in t/e *ata s/eets-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
C 4** Che$ical c!$(!si%i!n
4*) All ,el*in( '%nsumables s/all be *eli)ere* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 6anu+a'turerAs *ata s/eets. ,/i'/ s/all
state t/e minimum an* ma:imum le)els %+ . 6n. Si. P. S. mi'r%-all%yin( elements an* any %t/er intenti%nally
a**e* elements-
4*4 F%r s%li* ,ire an* metal p%,*ers. t/e '/emi'al analysis s/all represent t/e pr%*u't itsel+- T/e analysis
s/all in'lu*e all elements spe'i+ie* in t/e rele)ant 'lassi+i'ati%n stan*ar* an* t/e rele)ant *ata s/eet-
4*8 F%r '%ate* ele'tr%*es an* '%re* ,ires. t/e analysis s/all represent t/e ,el* metal. *ep%site* a''%r*in(
t% EN ">F;< CISO >F;<4- T/e analysis s/all in'lu*e all elements spe'i+ie* in t/e rele)ant 'lassi+i'ati%n stan*ar*
an* t/e rele)ant *ata s/eet
4*4 @/en H
"
S ser)i'e is spe'i+ie*. t/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ t/e *ep%site* ,el* metal s/all '%mply ,it/
ISO 1=1=>- T/e Ni-'%ntent in ,el*in( '%nsumables +%r (irt/ ,el*s in -6n steel may be in'rease* up t% "L
Ni. pr%)i*e* t/at %t/er re2uirements in ISO 1=1=> are +ul+ille*. an* t/at t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure /as been teste*
+%r resistan'e t% SS-
4*# T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ t/e ,el* %)erlay materials s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e material re2uirements
spe'i+ie* +%r t/e appli'able type %+ %)erlay material %r ,it/ a pr%Ge't spe'i+i'ati%n-
C 8** Mechanical (r!(er%ies
Pipeline girth welds
8*) @el* metal in pipeline (irt/ ,el*s s/all. as a minimum /a)e stren(t/. *u'tility an* t%u(/ness meetin(
t/e re2uirements %+ t/e base material-
8*4 F%r (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t% strain
l.n%m
M 0-;L. t/e yiel* stress CR
t0-=
4 %+ t/e ,el* metal s/%ul* be
minimum F0 6Pa ab%)e S6RS %+ t/e base material- I+ t,% (ra*es are G%ine*. t/e re2uirement applies t% t/e
S6RS %+ t/e l%,er stren(t/ base material-
8*8 F%r (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t% strain
l.n%m
0-;L.t/e a'tual all ,el* metal yiel* stren(t/ measure* *urin(
,el*in( 2uali+i'ati%n s/all n%t be m%re t/an "0 6Pa bel%, t/e spe'i+ie* ma:imum yiel* stren(t/ %+ t/e base
material- EA s/all be '%n*u'te* +%r all (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t% a strain
l.n%m
0-;L Csee Appen*i: A4-
8*4 @/ene)er an EA is per+%rme*. t/e tensile pr%perties %+ t/e ,el* metal s/all at least be e2ual t% t/e
pr%perties use* as input t% t/e EA- I+ t/e pr%perties %+ t/e ,el* metal *% n%t meet t/ese re2uirements. it s/all
be )ali*ate* t/at t/e assumpti%ns ma*e *urin( *esi(n an*I%r t/e EA /a)e n%t been Ge%par*ise*-
8*# @/ene)er an EA is per+%rme* an* +%r steels ,it/ S6RS ;=0 6Pa. any bat'/ inten*e* +%r use in
pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( t/at ,as n%t 2uali+ie* *urin( ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n. s/all be 2uali+ie* a''%r*in(
t% ;00-
8*5 F%r (irt/ ,el*s. all bat'/es %+ '%nsumables use* in pr%*u'ti%n in'lu*in( p%ssible ,ire I +lu:
'%mbinati%ns s/%ul* be 2uali+ie* by testin( *urin( ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n-
8*& !at'/ testin( is n%t re2uire* +%r steels ,it/ S6RS M ;=0 6Pa an* ,/en EA is n%t per+%rme* pr%)i*in(
t/e tensile an* impa't pr%perties state* %n t/e materialIsupplier 'erti+i'ates are ab%)e H0L %+ t/e )alues %n t/e
materialIsupplier 'erti+i'ates +%r t/e bat'/ use* *urin( ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n-
Pipeline components
8*2 F%r ,el*s in pipeline '%mp%nents t/e ,el* metal s/all. as a minimum. /a)e *u'tility an* t%u(/ness
meetin( t/e re2uirements %+ t/e base material an* t/e a'tual yiel* stress CRt0-=4 %+ t/e *ep%site* ,el* metal
s/%ul* be minimum F0 6Pa ab%)e S6RS %+ t/e base material- I+ t,% (ra*es are G%ine*. t/e re2uirement
applies t% t/e S6RS %+ t/e l%,er stren(t/ base material-
C 4** 3a%ch %es%ing !+ 1el"ing c!ns'$a6les +!r (i(eline gir%h 1el"s
4*) A '%nsumable bat'/ is *e+ine* as t/e )%lume %+ pr%*u't i*enti+ie* by t/e supplier un*er %ne uni2ue
bat'/Il%t number. manu+a'ture* in %ne '%ntinu%us run +r%m bat'/Il%t '%ntr%lle* ra, materials- F%r s%li* ,ire
,el*in( '%nsumables. a bat'/ may be *e+ine* as %ri(inatin( +r%m t/e same /eat %+ '%ntr%lle* ra, materials.
an* n%t ne'essarily manu+a'ture* in %ne '%ntinu%us run-
4*4 !at'/ testin( s/all be '%n*u'te* t% )eri+y t/at '%nsumables n%t teste* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e ,el*in(
pr%'e*ure ,ill (i)e a *ep%site* ,el* metal n%minally e2ui)alent t% t/%se bat'/es use* +%r ,el*in( pr%'e*ure
2uali+i'ati%n. ,it/ respe't t% '/emistry an* me'/ani'al pr%perties-
4*8 T/e bat'/ testin( s/all be per+%rme* +%r all ,el*in( '%nsumables. in'lu*in( p%ssible ,ireI+lu:
'%mbinati%ns- %nsumable bat'/es an* '%mbinati%ns use* *urin( @P5 are '%nsi*ere* teste*-
4*4 Ea'/ in*i)i*ual pr%*u't Cbran* name an* *imensi%ns4 s/all be teste* %n'e per bat'/Il%t. e:'ept +%r s%li*
,ire %ri(inatin( +r%m t/e same /eat. ,/ere %ne *iameter may represent all- SA@ +lu:es *% n%t re2uire
in*i)i*ual testin( but SA@ ,ires s/all be teste* in '%mbinati%n ,it/ a sele'te*. n%minal bat'/ %+ +lu: %+ t/e
same 'lassi+i'ati%n as use* +%r t/e ,el*in( %+ t/e (irt/ ,el*s-
$echanical testing
4*# T/e testin( s/all be per+%rme* %n samples ta&en +r%m (irt/ ,el*s ,el*e* a''%r*in( t% t/e ,el*in(
pr%'e*ure t% be use* in pr%*u'ti%n- Samples s/all be rem%)e* +r%m t/e 1" an* > %A'l%'& p%siti%ns an* +r%m t/e
# %r H %A'l%'& p%siti%ns- T/e testin( at ea'/ p%siti%n s/all be per+%rme* as re2uire* in Appen*i: !. an* in'lu*e0
1 1 trans)erse all ,el* metal tensile test-
1 1 ma'r% se'ti%n ta&en a*Ga'ent t% t/e all-,el* metal tensile test- T/e ma'r% se'ti%n s/all be /ar*ness teste*
CHV104 )erti'ally t/r%u(/ t/e ,el* 'entre line ,it/ in*entati%ns spa'e* 1-= mm apart
1 1 set %+ /arpy V-n%t'/ test at ,el* 'entre line in t/e same l%'ati%ns as teste* *urin( @P5T- Test
temperature s/all be t/e same as +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e rele)ant ,el*in( pr%'e*ure-
4*5 I+ an EA is n%t per+%rme*. t/e me'/ani'al pr%perties s/all meet t/e spe'i+ie* minimum re2uirements-
4*& I+ an EA is use* as basis +%r establis/in( a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s Csee Appen*i: A4.
+ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( s/all be per+%rme* ,it/ t/e same type %+ spe'imens an* test '%n*iti%ns as +%r
2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e rele)ant ,el*in( pr%'e*ure. ,/ene)er0
1 a)era(e impa't test )alues are n%t ,it/in F0L %+ t/e a)era(e )alue %btaine* *urin( @P5T
1 t/e trans)erse all ,el* metal yiel* stress is n%t ,it/in H0L %+ t/e )alue %btaine* *urin( @P5T
In 'ase %+ +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin(. t/e results s/all as a minimum meet t/e )alues t/at /a)e been use* as t/e
basis +%r t/e EA-
%hemical analysis
4*2 F%r s%li* ,ire an* metal p%,*ers t/e analysis s/all represent t/e pr%*u't itsel+- F%r '%ate* ele'tr%*es an*
'%re* ,ires. t/e analysis s/all represent t/e ,el* metal. *ep%site* a''%r*in( t% EN ">F;< CISO >F;<4- T/e
analysis. ma*e by manu+a'turer %r '%ntra't%r. s/all in'lu*e0
1 all elements spe'i+ie* in t/e rele)ant 'lassi+i'ati%n stan*ar* an* t/e rele)ant *ata s/eet. see "01
1 t/e N '%ntent-
4*: T/e '/emi'al analysis s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e '%mp%siti%n ran(es state* in t/e 6anu+a'turerAs
*ata s/eets. see "01-
C #** Shiel"ing= 6ac0ing an" (las$a gases
#*) T/e 'lassi+i'ati%n an* *esi(nati%n an* purity %+ s/iel*in(. ba'&in( an* plasma (ases s/all be in
'%mplian'e ,it/ ISO 1;1<=-
#*4 3ases s/all be *eli)ere* ,it/ a 'erti+i'ate statin( t/e 'lassi+i'ati%n. *esi(nati%n. purity an* *e,p%int %+
t/e *eli)ere* (as-
#*8 T/e (as supplyI*istributi%n system s/all be *esi(ne* an* maintaine* su'/ t/at t/e purity an* *e,p%int
is maintaine* up t% t/e p%int %+ use-
#*4 S/iel*in(. ba'&in( an* plasma (ases s/all be st%re* in t/e '%ntainers in ,/i'/ t/ey are supplie*- 3ases
s/all n%t be intermi:e* in t/eir '%ntainers-
#*# I+ (as mi:in( unit systems are use*. t/e *eli)ere* (as '%mp%siti%n s/all be )eri+ie* an* re(ularly
'/e'&e*-
C 5** Han"ling an" s%!rage !+ 1el"ing c!ns'$a6les
5*) A *etaile* pr%'e*ure +%r st%ra(e. /an*lin(. re'y'lin( an* re-ba&in( %+ ,el*in( '%nsumables t% ensure
t/at t/e /y*r%(en *i++usible '%ntent %+ ,el* metal is maintaine* at less t/an = ml per 100 ( ,el* metal s/all be
prepare*- T/e pr%'e*ure s/all. as a minimum. be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e 6anu+a'turerAs re'%mmen*ati%ns- T/e
pr%'e*ure s/all be re)ie,e* an* a(ree* pri%r t% start %+ t/e pr%*u'ti%n-
5*4 T/e 6anu+a'turerAs re'%mmen*ati%ns may be a*apte* +%r '%n*iti%ns at t/e l%'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%)i*e*
t/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements are met0
1 s%li* an* +lu: '%re* ,ire s/all be treate* ,it/ 'are in %r*er t% a)%i* '%ntaminati%n. m%isture pi'&-up an*
rustin(. an* s/all be st%re* un*er '%ntr%lle* *ry '%n*iti%ns- Ran(es %+ temperature an* relati)e /umi*ity
+%r st%ra(e s/all be state*-
1 i+ )a'uum pa'&e* l%, /y*r%(en S6A@ ,el*in( '%nsumables are n%t use*. l%, /y*r%(en S6A@
'%nsumables s/all be st%re*. ba&e*. /an*le* an* re-ba&e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e 6anu+a'turerNs
re'%mmen*ati%n- Re-ba&in( m%re t/an %n'e s/%ul* n%t be permitte*
1 +lu: s/all be *eli)ere* in m%isture pr%%+ '%ntainersIba(s- T/e m%isture pr%%+ inte(rity %+ ba(s s/all be
)eri+ie* up%n *eli)ery an* ,/en retrie)in( ba(s +%r use- T/e +lu: s/all %nly be ta&en +r%m un*ama(e*
'%ntainersIba(s *ire'tly int% a /%pper %r st%ra(e '%ntainer
1 t/e temperature ran(es +%r /eate* /%ppers. /%l*in( b%:es an* st%ra(e '%ntainers s/all be in a''%r*an'e
,it/ t/e +lu: manu+a'turerNs re'%mmen*ati%ns
1 ,/ene)er re'y'lin( %+ +lu: is applie*. t/e re'y'lin( pr%'ess s/all ensure a near '%nstant rati% %+ ne,I
re'y'le* +lu: an* t/e rati% %+ ne,Ire'y'le* +lu: s/all be suitable t% pre)ent any *etrimental *e(ra*ati%n %+
t/e +lu: %peratin( '/ara'teristi's. e-(- m%isture pi'&-up. e:'essi)e buil*-up %+ +ines an* '/an(e %+ (rain
siJe balan'e-
D. Wel"ing 9r!ce"'res
D )** General
)*) Detaile* @el*in( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%ns s/all be prepare* +%r all ,el*in( '%)ere* by t/is Appen*i:-
)*4 All ,el*in( s/all be base* %n ,el*in( '%nsumables. ,el*in( pr%'esses an* ,el*in( te'/ni2ues pr%)en
t% be suitable +%r t/e type %+ material an* type %+ +abri'ati%n in 2uesti%n-
D 4** 9re-i!'sl7 <'ali+ie" 1el"ing (r!ce"'res
General
4*) A 2uali+ie* ,el*in( pr%'e*ure %+ a parti'ular manu+a'turer is )ali* +%r ,el*in( %nly in ,%r&s/%ps %r
sites un*er t/e %perati%nal te'/ni'al an* 2uality '%ntr%l %+ t/at manu+a'turer-
4*4 F%r ,el*in( pr%'e*ures *e)el%pe*. 2uali+ie* an* &ept %n +ile +%r '%ntin(en'y situati%ns su'/ as
/yperbari' ,el*in( pr%'e*ures inten*e* +%r pipeline repair an* %t/er '%ntin(en'y situati%ns. t/e restri'ti%ns
bel%, s/all n%t apply-
4*8 Pre)i%usly 2uali+ie* ,el*in( pr%'e*ures s/all n%t be use* +%r0
1 ,el*in( %+ (irt/ ,el*s ,/en t/e S6RS %+ -6n linepipe is _ ;=0 6Pa
1 ,el*in( %+ (irt/ ,el*s in 'la* %r line*. *uple: stainless steel %r 1#r martensiti' stainless steel linepipe-
4*4 E:'ept as limite* by D"0# ab%)e. a @PS +%r ne, pr%*u'ti%n may be base* %n a pre)i%usly 2uali+ie*
@P5R- T/e type an* e:tent %+ testin( an* test results +%r t/e pre)i%usly 2uali+ie* @P5R s/all meet t/e
re2uirements %+ t/is Appen*i:- A @PS +%r t/e ne, pr%*u'ti%n s/all be spe'i+ie* ,it/in t/e essential )ariables
%+ t/is Appen*i:-
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &3%
4*# F%r @P5Rs %l*er t/an = years t/e )ali*ity s/all be *%'umente* t/r%u(/ pr%*u'ti%n tests-
Pipeline components
4*5 Pre)i%usly 2uali+ie* ,el*in( pr%'e*ures s/all n%t be use* +%r ,el*in( %+ steels ,it/ S6RS > ;=0 6Pa-
A @PS +%r ne, pr%*u'ti%n may %t/er,ise be base* %n a pre)i%usly 2uali+ie* @P5R- T/e type an* e:tent %+
testin( an* test results +%r t/e pre)i%usly 2uali+ie* @P5R s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ t/is Appen*i: an* a
@PS +%r t/e ne, pr%*u'ti%n s/all. base* t/e pre)i%usly 2uali+ie* @P5R. be spe'i+ie* ,it/in t/e essential
)ariables %+ t/is Appen*i:-
4*& F%r a @P5R ,/ere t/e a'tual 2uali+i'ati%n is m%re t/an = years %l*. it s/all be *%'umente* t/r%u(/
pr%*u'ti%n tests t/at a @PS base* %n t/e 2uali+yin( @P5R /a)e been 'apable %+ pr%*u'in( ,el*s %+
a''eptable 2uality %)er a peri%* %+ time- Alternati)ely a limite* '%n+irmati%n ,el*in( may be per+%rme* t%
*em%nstrate t/at t/e @PS is ,%r&able an* pr%*u'in( ,el*s %+ a''eptable 2uality-
D 8** 9reli$inar7 1el"ing (r!ce"'re s(eci+ica%i!n
8*) A preliminary @el*in( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%n Cp@PS4 s/all be prepare* +%r ea'/ ne, ,el*in(
pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n- T/e p@PS s/all '%ntain t/e rele)ant in+%rmati%n re2uire* +%r ma&in( a ,el* +%r t/e
inten*e* appli'ati%n ,/en usin( t/e appli'able ,el*in( pr%'esses. in'lu*in( ta'& ,el*s-
D 4** Wel"ing (r!ce"'re <'ali+ica%i!n rec!r"
4*) T/e @el*in( Pr%'e*ure 5uali+i'ati%n Re'%r* C@P5R4 s/all be a re'%r* %+ t/e materials. '%nsumables.
parameters an* any /eat treatment use* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( an* t/e subse2uent n%n-*estru'ti)e.
*estru'ti)e an* '%rr%si%n test results- All essential )ariables use* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( t/at are rele)ant
+%r t/e +inal appli'ati%n %+ t/e @P5R s/all be *%'umente* an* t/e ,el*in( parameters re'%r*e* in rele)ant
p%siti%ns +%r ea'/ pass-
D #** Wel"ing (r!ce"'re s(eci+ica%i!n
#*) A @el*in( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%n C@PS4 is a spe'i+i'ati%n base* %n %ne %r m%re a''epte* @P5Rs-
One %r m%re @PSs may be prepare* base* %n t/e *ata %+ %ne %r m%re @P5Rs pr%)i*e* t/e essential )ariables
are &ept ,it/in t/e a''eptable limits an* %t/er re2uirements %+ t/is Appen*i: are met- A @PS may in'lu*e %ne
%r a '%mbinati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'esses. '%nsumables %r %t/er )ariables- All limits an* ran(es +%r t/e appli'able
essential )ariables +%r t/e ,el*in( t% be per+%rme* s/all be state* in t/e @PS-
#*4 T/e @PS s/all be submitte* t%(et/er ,it/ t/e re+eren'e* supp%rtin( @P5RCs4 +%r re)ie, an*
a''eptan'e pri%r t% start %+ pr%*u'ti%n-
D 5** Wel"ing (r!ce"'re s(eci+ica%i!n +!r re(air 1el"ing
5*) Repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%ns s/all be prepare* in line ,it/ t/e type %+ repair ,el*
2uali+i'ati%ns re2uire* in E#0<-
D &** C!n%en%s !+ (W9S
&*) T/e p@PS s/all '%ntain t/e rele)ant in+%rmati%n re2uire* +%r t/e appli'able ,el*in( pr%'esses.
in'lu*in( any ta'& ,el*s- A p@PS +%r pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( s/all in'lu*e t/e in+%rmati%n (i)en in Table -1
an* D<0". as rele)ant +%r t/e ,el*in( t% be per+%rme*-
)dditional re*uirements to p6PS for mechanised welding of pipeline girth welds
Ta6le C-) C!n%en%s !+ (W9S
$anufacturer 'dentification of manufacturer
p@PS I*enti+i'ati%n %+ t/e p@PS
@el*in( pr%'ess @el*in( pr%'ess an* +%r multiple pr%'essesO t/e %r*er %+ pr%'esses use*
6anual. partly-me'/anise*. me'/anise* an* aut%mati' ,el*in(
@el*in( e2uipment Type an* m%*el %+ ,el*in( e2uipment- Number %+ ,ires
!ase materials 6aterial (ra*eCs4. supply '%n*iti%n. '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n an* manu+a'turin( pr%'ess-
F%r steels ,it/ S6RS _ ;=0 6PaO Steel supplier an* F%r RAsO 8NS an* PRE numbers-
6aterial t/i'&ness an*
*iameter
6aterial t/i'&ness %+ test pie'e- N%minal ID %+ pipe
3r%%)e '%n+i(urati%n 3r%%)e *esi(nI'%n+i(urati%nO *imensi%ns an* t%leran'es %+ an(les. r%%t +a'e. r%%t (ap an*
,/en appli'ableO *iameters- !a'&in( an* ba'&in( material-
Ali(nment an* ta'&
,el*in(
Ta'& ,el*in( Crem%)al %+ ta'& ,el*s %r inte(rati%n %+ ta'& ,el*s in t/e ,el*4
Type %+ line-up 'lamp- Sta(e +%r rem%)al %+ line-up 'lamp
@el*in( '%nsumables Ele'tr%*e %r +iller metal *iameter %r 'r%ss se'ti%n area- Type. 'lassi+i'ati%n an* tra*e name-
6anu+a'turer '%nsumable *ata s/eet s/all be atta'/e*-
S/iel*in(. ba'&in( an*
plasma (ases
Desi(nati%n. 'lassi+i'ati%n an* purity a''%r*in( t% ISO 1;1<=- N%minal '%mp%siti%n %+ %t/er
(ases an* (as mi:tures- 3as +l%, rate
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &3$
)dditional re*uirements to p6PS for repair welding
&*4 A p@PS +%r repair ,el*in( s/all in a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements appli'able +%r a p@PS +%r pr%*u'ti%n
,el*in( in'lu*e t/e +%ll%,in( in+%rmati%n0
1 type %+ repair Csee Table -<4
1 met/%* %+ rem%)al %+ t/e *e+e't. preparati%n an* *esi(n %+ t/e repair ,el* e:'a)ati%n
1 minimum repair *ept/ an* len(t/
1 minimum li(ament
1 )isual e:aminati%n an* NDT t% be per+%rme* %+ t/e e:'a)ate* area a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: D. Subse'ti%n
! t% '%n+irm '%mplete rem%)al %+ *e+e't be+%re ,el*in( as ,ell as )isual e:aminati%n an* NDT %+ t/e +inal
repaire* ,el*-
1 In 'ases ,/en t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness %r partial t/i'&ness repeate* repairs are permitte* %r a(ree* Csee Table
-<4 t/e l%'ati%n %+ a**iti%nal /arpy V-n%t'/ tests. in a**iti%n t% t/e tests re2uire* by Table -;. s/all be
s/%,n %n s&et'/es in t/e p@PS-
D 2** Essen%ial -aria6les +!r 1el"ing (r!ce"'res
2*) A 2uali+ie* ,el*in( pr%'e*ure remains )ali* as l%n( as t/e essential )ariables are &ept ,it/in t/e limits
spe'i+ie* in Table -"-
2*4 F%r spe'ial ,el*in( pr%'esses as state* in A"0; an* ,el*in( systems usin( t/ese pr%'esses %t/er
essential parameters an* a''eptable )ariati%ns nee* t% be applie* an* s/all be subGe't t% a(reement-
2*8 T/e limits an* ran(es +%r essential )ariables +%r a @PS s/all be base* %n t/e %n *%'umente* re'%r*s in
%ne %r m%re @P5Rs-
2*4 T/e essential )ariables (i)en in Table -" s/all. ,/en appli'able. be supplemente* ,it/ t/e
re2uirements in DF0= t/r%u(/ DF1; bel%,-
Ele'tri'al '/ara'teristi's
an* pulsin( *ata
P%larity- Type %+ 'urrent CA. D %r pulse* 'urrent4- Pulse ,el*in( *etails Cma'/ine settin(s
an*I%r pr%(ramme sele'ti%n4
Ar' /ara'teristi's Spray ar'. (l%bular ar'. pulsatin( ar' %r s/%rt 'ir'uitin( ar'
@el*in( te'/ni2ues @el*in( p%siti%n a''%r*in( t% ISO >H;<- @el*in( *ire'ti%n- Strin(erI,ea)e bea*s- Se2uen'e
%+ *ep%siti%n %+ *i++erent '%nsumables- Number %+ passes t% be '%mplete* be+%re '%%lin( t%
bel%, pre/eat temperature- A''elerate* ,el* '%%lin( Cmet/%* an* me*ium4-
F%r *%uble si*e* ,el*in(0 Se2uen'e %+ si*es ,el*e* +irst an* last an* number %+ passes
,el*e* +r%m ea'/ si*e-
F%r 'ellul%se '%ate* ele'tr%*es0 Time lapse bet,een '%mpleti%n %+ r%%t pass an* start %+ /%t
pass an* number %+ ,el*ers %n ea'/ si*e-
Pre/eatin( 6et/%* %+ pre/eat an* minimum pre/eat temperature- 6inimum initial temperature ,/en
pre/eat is n%t use*-
Interpass temperature 6a:imum an* minimum interpass temperature
Heat input Heat input ran(e +%r ea'/ pass
P%st ,el* /eat treatment 6et/%*. time an* temperature +%r p%st /eatin( +%r /y*r%(en release
6et/%* %+ p%st ,el* /eat treatment C/%l*in( time an* /eatin( an* '%%lin( rates4
Spe'i+i' +%r t/e S6A@
,el*in( pr%'ess
Run-%ut len(t/ %+ ele'tr%*e %r tra)el spee*
Spe'i+i' +%r t/e SA@
,el*in( pr%'ess
Number an* '%n+i(urati%n %+ ,ire ele'tr%*es- Flu:. *esi(nati%n. manu+a'turer an* tra*e
name- A**iti%nal +iller metal- %nta't tip - ,%r& pie'e *istan'e- Ar' )%lta(e ran(e-
Spe'i+i' +%r t/e FA@
,el*in( pr%'ess
6%*e %+ metal trans+er Cs/%rt 'ir'uitin(. spray %r (l%bular trans+er4
Spe'i+i' +%r t/e 36A@
,el*in( pr%'ess
S/iel*in( an* ba'&in( (as +l%, rate- A**iti%nal +iller metal- %nta't tip - ,%r& pie'e
*istan'e- Ar' )%lta(e ran(e-
Spe'i+i' +%r t/e 3TA@
,el*in( pr%'ess
S/iel*in( an* ba'&in( (as +l%, rate- N%JJle *iameter- Diameter an* '%*i+i'ati%n %+ tun(sten
ele'tr%*e CEN ISO >F;F4- H%t %r '%l* ,ire-
Spe'i+i' +%r t/e PA@
,el*in( pr%'ess
S/iel*in(. ba'&in( an* plasma (as +l%, rate- N%JJle *iameter- Type %+ t%r'/- %nta't tip -
,%r& pie'e *istan'e- H%t %r '%l* ,ire
Spe'i+i' +%r me'/aniJe*
,el*in( pr%'esses
C(eneral4
%ntr%l s%+t,are Cpr%(ramme an*I%r s%+t,are )ersi%n- Bist %+ ,el*in( parameters t/at 'an
be a*Guste* by t/e ,el*ers- 6inimum number %+ ,el*ers +%r ea'/ pass-
36A@ ,el*in( pr%'ess
@ire +ee*- Os'illati%n ,i*t/ an* +re2uen'y- Si*e ,all *,ell time-
3TA@IPA@ ,el*in(
pr%'esses
Pr%(ramme* ar' )%lta(e- @ire +ee* in'lu*in( pulsin( pattern an* timin( *ia(ram-
Os'illati%n ,i*t/ an* +re2uen'y- Si*e ,all *,ell time- S/iel*in( (as timin( *ia(rams an*
pulse pattern-
Ta6le C-) C!n%en%s !+ (W9S .C!n%in'e"/
$anufacturer 'dentification of manufacturer
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &3&
issimilar material Toint
2*# I+ t,% *i++erent materials are use* in %ne test pie'e. t/e essential )ariables s/all apply t% ea'/ %+ t/e
materials G%ine*- A @P5R 2uali+ie* +%r a *issimilar material G%int ,ill als% 2uali+y ea'/ material ,el*e* t%
itsel+. pr%)i*e* t/e appli'able essential )ariables are '%mplie* ,it/-
$ultiple test pieces
2*5 A number %+ test pie'es may be re2uire* +%r 2uali+yin( a p@PS ,/ere t/e siJe %+ t/e test pie'e ,ill n%t
all%, e:tra'ti%n %+ test spe'imens in t/e '%rre't l%'ati%ns a''%r*in( t% Fi(ure "- In su'/ 'ases t/e ma:imum
/eat input )ariati%n bet,een t/e *i++erent test pie'es s/all n%t e:'ee* "=L an* ,el*in( ,it/ a /eat input ran(e
bet,een t/e l%, an* /i(/ /eat input )alues is all%,e* pr%)i*e*0
1 /ar*ness test spe'imens are ta&en +r%m t/e test pie'e ,el*e* ,it/ t/e l%,est /eat input
1 impa't test spe'imens are ta&en +r%m t/e test pie'e ,el*e* ,it/ t/e /i(/est /eat input-
2*& @/en it is inten*e* t% 2uali+y a p@PS ,it/ a /i(/ an* l%, /eat input in %r*er t% all%, ,el*in( ,it/in
t/is /eat input ran(e. t/e ma:imum *i++eren'e bet,een l%,est an* /i(/est /eat input s/all n%t e:'ee* ;0L- In
t/is 'ase t/e intenti%n is t% 2uali+y t,% pr%'e*ures ,it/ a "0L *i++eren'e in /eat input all%,in( a WI-10L
t%leran'e +%r ea'/ pr%'e*ure- All re2uire* me'/ani'al testin( s/all be per+%rme* %n test pie'es ,el*e* ,it/
b%t/ /i(/ an* l%, /eat input-
2*2 T/e minimum pre/eat %r ,%r& pie'e temperature t% be state* in t/e @PS s/all n%t be bel%, t/at %+ t/e
test pie'e ,it/ t/e re'%r*e* /i(/est pre/eat-
2*: T/e ma:imum interpass temperature %+ any pass t% be state* in t/e @PS s/all n%t be /i(/er t/an t/e
re'%r*e* /i(/est interpass temperature *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e pr%'e*ure- It is n%t all%,e* t% b%%st t/e
interpass temperature +%r %ne pass %nly- T/e ma:imum interpass temperature s/all re+le't t/e ma:imum
interpass temperature t/at is e:pe'te* *urin( pr%*u'ti%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e all ,el* tensile test sample s/%ul* be ta&en +r%m t/e *ept/ ,ere t/e interpass temperature t% be state* in t/e @PS
is measure*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
$ultiple filler metals
2)* @/en multiple +iller metals are use* in a test G%int. t/e 2uali+ie* t/i'&ness +%r ea'/ *ep%site* +iller metal
s/all be bet,een 0-<= t% 1-= times t/e *ep%site* t/i'&ness %+ t/at +iller material *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n- I+ t/e
me'/ani'al pr%perties %+ ea'/ +iller material ,ill n%t be *%'umente* by t/e %ri(inal ,el*in( pr%'e*ure
2uali+i'ati%n. separate ,el*s ,it/ ea'/ '%nsumable s/%ul* be ma*e t% all%, testin( %+ A@T an* @6IFB
/arpy V-n%t'/ spe'imens-
4umber of welders
2)) I+ ,el*ers /a)e been ,%r&in( %n %pp%site si*es %+ a test pie'e. t/e ma:imum *i++eren'e in /eat input
bet,een t/e ,el*ers s/all n%t e:'ee* 1=L- T/e all%,able )ariati%n in /eat input s/all be base* %n t/e a)era(e
%+ t/e /eat inputs use* by t/e ,el*ers-
Ta6le C-4 Essen%ial -aria6les +!r 1el"ing !+ (i(eline gir%h 1el"s an" c!$(!nen% l!ngi%'"inal 1el"s
;ariable %hanges re*uiring re(*ualification
< $anufacturer
6anu+a'turer a Any '/an(e in resp%nsibility +%r %perati%nal. te'/ni'al an* 2uality '%ntr%l
J 6elding process
T/e pr%'essCes4 use* a Any '/an(e
T/e %r*er %+ pr%'esses use* b Any '/an(e ,/en multiple pr%'esses are use*
6anual. partly-me'/anise*.
me'/anise* %r aut%mati'
,el*in(
' Any '/an(e bet,een manual. partly-me'/anise*. me'/anise* an* aut%mati'
,el*in(
K 6elding e*uipment
@el*in( a Any '/an(e in ma&e. type an* m%*el +%r partly-me'/anise*. me'/anise* an*
aut%mati' ,el*in(
@el*in( e2uipment b Any '/an(e in type +%r manual ,el*in(
Number %+ ,ires ' /an(e +r%m sin(le ,ire t% multiple ,ire system an* )i'e )ersa Ce-(- (%in( +r%m
tan*emIt,in t% sin(le ,ire4- T/is *%es n%t apply t% multiple t%r'/ systems ,/ere
t/e ,ires +ee* int% separate ,el* p%%ls-
> -ase materials
6aterial (ra*e a A '/an(e +r%m a l%,er t% a /i(/er stren(t/ (ra*e but n%t )i'e )ersa
*pp.( 9elding - 0age &3'
Supply '%n*iti%n b A '/an(e in t/e supply '%n*iti%n CT6P. 5IT %r n%rmalise*4
Steel supplier ' F%r S6RS ;=0 6PaO a '/an(e in base material %ri(in CsteelIplateIpipe mills4
Clinepipe t% linepipe (irt/ ,el*s %nly E e-(- n%t +%r '%mp%nents4
/emi'al '%mp%siti%n * An in'rease in P'm %+ m%re t/an 0-0"0. E %+ m%re t/an 0-0#0 an* '%ntent %+
m%re t/an 0-0"L +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steel
6anu+a'turin( pr%'ess e A '/an(e in manu+a'turin( pr%'ess Cr%lle*. seamless. +%r(e*. 'ast4
8NS numbers- + A '/an(e in t/e 8NS number +%r RAs
H $aterial thic.ness and diameter
6aterial t/i'&ness Ct ? n%minal
t/i'&ness %+ test G%int-4
a F%r n%n-H
"
S ser)i'e0
1 t d "= mm0 A '/an(e %utsi*e 0-<= t t% 1-= t
1 t _ "= mm0 A '/an(e %utsi*e 0-<= t t% 1-"= t
F%r H
"
S ser)i'e0
1 A '/an(e %utsi*e t/e t/i'&ness inter)al 0-<= t t% 1-"= t
N%minal ID %+ pipe b 1 t d "= mm0 A '/an(e %+ pipe ID %utsi*e t/e ran(e 0-= ID t%
1 t _ "= mm0 A '/an(e %+ pipe ID %utsi*e t/e ran(e 0-= ID t%
I Groove configuration
3r%%)e *esi(nI'%n+i(urati%n- a Any '/an(e in (r%%)e *imensi%ns %utsi*e t/e t%leran'es spe'i+ie* in t/e a(ree*
@PS Call *imensi%ns s/all /a)e t%leran'es4-
!a'&in( an* ba'&in( material- b A**iti%n %r *eleti%n %+ ba'&in( %r '/an(e %+ ba'&in( material Ce-(- +r%m '%pper t%
'erami'4
S )lignment and tac. welding
Ta'& ,el*in( a Any '/an(e in rem%)al %+ ta'& ,el*s %r inte(rati%n %+ ta'& ,el*s in t/e ,el*-
Bine-up 'lamp b Omissi%n %+ a line-up 'lamp an* a '/an(e bet,een e:ternal an* internal line-up
'lamp-
Rem%)al %+ line-up 'lamp ' Any re*u'ti%n in len(t/ %+ ea'/ se'ti%n %+ r%%t pass ,el*e*O t/e spa'in( %+
se'ti%ns. number %+ se'ti%ns an* per'enta(e %+ 'ir'um+eren'e ,el*e* +%r e:ternal
line-up 'lamp
* Any '/an(e in number %+ '%mplete* passes an* len(t/ %+ passes +%r internal line-
up 'lamp
Internal misali(nment e Any in'rease +%r 'la* an* line* pipe
L 6elding consumables
Ele'tr%*e %r +iller metal a Any '/an(e %+ *iameter %r 'r%ss se'ti%n area
b Any '/an(e %+ type 'lassi+i'ati%n an* bran* Cbran* n%t appli'able +%r bare ,ire4
' Any use %+ a n%n teste* ,el*in( '%nsumables bat'/ ,/en bat'/ testin( is re2uire*
* Any use %+ a ,el*in( '%nsumables bat'/ ,it/ a re*u'ti%n in tensile %r impa't
pr%perties %+ m%re t/an E10L +r%m t/e bat'/ use* +%r @P5R ,/en bat'/ testin(
is n%t re2uire*
Flu: e Any '/an(e %+ type. 'lassi+i'ati%n an* bran*
+ Any in'rease in t/e rati% %+ re'y'le* t% ne, +lu:
M Shielding+ bac.ing and plasma gases
3ases a''%r*in( t% EN ;#H a Any '/an(e in *esi(nati%n. 'lassi+i'ati%n an* purity a''%r*in( t% EN ;#H
Ot/er (ases an* (as mi:tures b Any '/an(e in n%minal '%mp%siti%n. purity an* *e, p%int-
O:y(en '%ntent %+ ba'&in( (as ' Any in'rease
S/iel*in( (as +l%, rate * F%r pr%'esses 1#1. 1#= 1#>. 1#< an* 1;10 Any '/an(e in +l%, rate bey%n* [ 10L
<= !lectrical characteristics and pulsing data
P%larity a Any '/an(e in p%larity
A. D %r pulse* 'urrent b Any '/an(e in type %+ 'urrent an* a '/an(e +r%m n%rmal t% pulse* 'urrent an* )i'e
)ersa-
Pulse +re2uen'y ran(e in pulse*
manual ,el*in(
' Any '/an(e in0 Pulse +re2uen'y +%r ba'&(r%un* an* pea& 'urrent e:'ee*in( [ 10L
an* pulse *urati%n ran(e e:'ee*in( [ 10L-
<< )rc %haracteristics
6%*e %+ metal trans+er a A '/an(e +r%m spray ar'. (l%bular ar' %r pulsatin( ar' t% s/%rt 'ir'uitin( ar' an*
)i'e )ersa
<J 6elding techni*ues
.C!n%in'e"/
An(le %+ pipe a:is t% t/e
/%riJ%ntal
a A '/an(e %+ m%re t/an [ 1=]+r%m t/e p%siti%n ,el*e*- T/e B0;= p%siti%n 2uali+ies
+%r all p%siti%ns pr%)i*e* all %t/er essential )ariables are +ul+ille*
@el*in( *ire'ti%n b A '/an(e +r%m up,ar*s t% *%,n,ar*s ,el*in( an* )i'e )ersa
Strin(erI,ea)e ' A '/an(e +r%m strin(er t% ,ea)e %+ m%re t/an #P ele'tr%*eI,ire *iameter %r )i'e
)ersa
Se2uen'e %+ *ep%siti%n %+
*i++erent '%nsumables
* Any '/an(e in t/e se2uen'e
Se2uen'e %+ si*es ,el*e* +irst
an* last C*%uble si*e* ,el*s4
e Any '/an(e in t/e se2uen'e
Passes ,el*e* +r%m ea'/ si*e + /an(e +r%m sin(le t% multi pass ,el*in( an* )i'e )ersa-
Number %+ ,el*ers ( Any *e'rease in number %+ ,el*ers +%r ,el*in( %+ r%%t an* /%t pass +%r 'ellul%se
'%ate* ele'tr%*es-
Time lapse bet,een '%mpleti%n
%+ r%%t pass an* start %+ /%t pass
/ Any in'rease ab%)e ma:imum time 2uali+ie*
@el* '%mpleti%n i Any re*u'ti%n in t/e number %+ passes '%mplete* be+%re '%%lin( t% bel%, pre/eat
temperature-
A''elerate* ,el* '%%lin( G Any '/an(e in met/%* an* me*ium an* any in'rease in ma:imum temperature %+
t/e ,el* at start %+ '%%lin(-
<K Preheating
Pre/eat temperature a Any re*u'ti%n-
Initial temperature ,/en pre/eat
is n%t use*
b Any re*u'ti%n-
<> 'nterpass temperature
6a:imum an* minimum
interpass temperature
a Any in'rease ab%)e "=] +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steel- Any in'rease +%r RAs-
Any re*u'ti%n bel%, t/e pre/eat temperature-
<H 1eat input
Heat input ran(e +%r ea'/ pass a F%r -6n an* l%, all%y steels ,it/ S6RS ;=0 6Pa in n%n-H
"
S ser)i'e0
Any '/an(e e:'ee*in( [ 1=L
b F%r -6n an* l%, all%y steels ,it/ S6RS _ ;=0 6Pa an* -6n an* l%, all%y
steels in H
"
S ser)i'e0 Any '/an(e e:'ee*in( [ 10L
' F%r RAs0 Any '/an(e e:'ee*in( [ 10L
<I Post weld heat treatment
P%st /eatin(O /y*r%(en release a Any re*u'ti%n in t/e time an* temperature an* *eleti%n but n%t a**iti%n %+ p%st
/eatin(-
P%st ,el* /eat treatment b A**iti%n %r *eleti%n %+ p%st ,el* /eat treatment-
Any '/an(e in /%l*in( temperature e:'ee*in( [ "0]-
Any '/an(e in /eatin( an* '%%lin( rates %utsi*e [ =L
H%l*in( time ' Any '/an(e in /%l*in( time %utsi*e bel%, +%rmula C[ =L40
holding time N /actual thic.ness/*ualified thic.ness0 *ualified holding time
<S Specific for the S)6 welding process
@ire ele'tr%*e '%n+i(urati%n- a Ea'/ )ariant %+ pr%'ess 1" C1"1 t%1"=4 s/all be 2uali+ie* separately
Flu: b Any '/an(e %+ type. 'lassi+i'ati%n an* bran*-
Ar' )%lta(e ran(e- ' Any '/an(e bey%n* [ 10L
<L Specific for the &%)6 welding process
6%*e %+ metal trans+er a A '/an(e +r%m s/%rt 'ir'uitin( trans+er t% spray %r (l%bular trans+er-
5uali+i'ati%n ,it/ spray %r (l%bular trans+er 2uali+ies b%t/ spray %r (l%bular
trans+er
<M Specific for the G$)6 welding process
Ar' )%lta(e ran(e a Any '/an(e bey%n* [ 10L
J= Specific for the GT)6 welding process
Diameter an* '%*i+i'ati%n %+
tun(sten ele'tr%*e CISO >F;F4
a Any '/an(e
H%t %r '%l* ,ire- b A '/an(e +r%m /%t t% '%l* ,ire an* )i'e )ersa
J< Specific for the P)6 welding process
H%t %r '%l* ,ire a A '/an(e +r%m /%t t% '%l* ,ire an* )i'e )ersa
.C!n%in'e"/
)dditional essential variables for mechanised and automatic welding of pipeline girth welds
2)4 F%r me'/anise* an* aut%mati' ,el*in( %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal essential
)ariables apply0
1 any '/an(e %+ '%ntr%l s%+t,are
1 any '/an(e %+ pre-set parameters Cparameters t/at 'an n%t be a*Guste* by t/e ,el*er4 +%r aut%mati' ,el*in(
1 any '/an(e in pr%(ramme* parameters an* t/eir )ariati%n. e:'ept t/at ne'essary )ariati%n in %s'illati%n
,i*t/ +%r ,el*in( %+ t/innerI /ea)ier ,all t/an use* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n s/all be all%,e* +%r me'/anise*
36A@. 3TA@ an* PA@-
1 any '/an(e in limits +%r parameters t/at 'an be a*Guste* by t/e ,el*er- CS/%t-&ey limitsT4-
!ssential variables for repair welding
2)8 F%r repair ,el*in( t/e +%ll%,in( essential )ariables apply0
1 t/e essential )ariables (i)en in Table -"
1 a '/an(e +r%m internal t% e:ternal repairs an* )i'e )ersa +%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s
1 a '/an(e +r%m multi pass t% sin(le pass repairs an* )i'e )ersa
1 a '/an(e +r%m '%l* t% t/ermal met/%* +%r rem%)al %+ t/e *e+e't but n%t )i'e )ersa
1 any in'rease ab%)e "0L in t/e *ept/ %+ e:'a)ati%n +%r partial t/i'&ness repairs-
Post weld heat treatment
2)4 I+ RA %r 'la* ,el*s are subGe't t% s%luti%n annealin( /eat treatment a+ter ,el*in( a sli(/t )ariati%n in
,el*in( parameters %utsi*e t/%se in Table -". Items 10 t/r%u(/ 1= may be a(ree*-
E. E'ali+ica%i!n !+ Wel"ing 9r!ce"'res
E )** General
)*) 5uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* base* up%n t/e a''epte* p@PS. usin( t/e type %+ ,el*in(
e2uipment t% be use* *urin( pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(. an* un*er '%n*iti%ns t/at are representati)e %+ t/e a'tual
,%r&in( en)ir%nment +%r t/e ,%r& s/%p. site. %r )essel ,/ere t/e pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( ,ill be per+%rme*-
Test Toints
)*4 T/e number %+ test G%ints s/all be su++i'ient t% %btain t/e re2uire* number %+ spe'imens +r%m t/e re2uire*
l%'ati%ns (i)en in Fi(ure 1 an* Fi(ure "- All%,an'e +%r re-testin( s/%ul* be '%nsi*ere* ,/en *e'i*in( t/e
number %+ test G%ints t% be ,el*e*-
)*8 T/e test G%ints +%r 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( s/all be %+ su++i'ient siJe t% (i)e realisti' restraint *urin(
,el*in(-
)*4 T/e base material sele'te* +%r t/e 2uali+i'ati%n testin( s/%ul* be representati)e %+ t/e upper ran(e %+ t/e
spe'i+ie* '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steels. an* %+ t/e n%minal ran(e %+ t/e spe'i+ie*
'/emi'al '%mp%siti%n +%r '%rr%si%n resistant all%ys-
)*# T/e material t/i'&ness s/all be t/e same +%r b%t/ pipesI'%mp%nentsIplates t% be ,el*e*. e:'ept t% 2uali+y
G%inin( %+ t,% base materials ,it/ une2ual t/i'&ness an* +%r +illet en* T-G%int test pie'es-
8ualification welding
)*5 erti+i'ates +%r materials an* '%nsumables. in'lu*in( s/iel*in(. ba'&in( an* plasma (ases. s/all be
)eri+ie*. an* )ali*ity an* tra'eability t% t/e a'tual materials s/all be establis/e* pri%r t% start %+ 2uali+i'ati%n
,el*in(- T/e re'%r*s +r%m 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( s/all in'lu*e all in+%rmati%n nee*e* t% establis/ a @PS +%r
t/e inten*e* appli'ati%n ,it/in t/e essential )ariables an* t/eir all%,able ran(es-
)*& T/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements apply0
1 t/e ,el*in( 2uali+i'ati%n test s/all be representati)e +%r t/e pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( ,it/ respe't t% ,el*in(
p%siti%ns. interpass temperature. appli'ati%n %+ pre/eat Cpr%pane ,ill als% 2uali+y +%r in*u'ti%n '%il
pre/eatin(4. /eat '%n*u'ti%n. et'-
1 i+ multiple ,el*in( ar's are '%mbine* in a sin(le ,el*in( /ea* t/e parameters +%r ea'/ ,el*in( ar' s/all
be re'%r*e*-
1 t/e *ire'ti%n %+ plate r%llin( C,/en rele)ant4 an* t/e 1" %N'l%'& p%siti%n C+%r +i:e* pipe p%siti%ns4 s/all be
mar&e* %n t/e test pie'e-
1 ,/en m%re t/an %ne ,el*in( pr%'ess %r +iller metal is use* t% ,el* a test pie'e. t/e parameters use* an* t/e
appr%:imate t/i'&ness %+ t/e ,el* metal *ep%site* s/all be re'%r*e* +%r ea'/ ,el*in( pr%'ess an* +iller metal-
1 i+ ta'& ,el*s are t% be +use* int% t/e +inal G%int *urin( pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(. t/ey s/all be in'lu*e* ,/en
,el*in( t/e test pie'e-
1 ba'&in( (as %:y(en '%ntent an* t/e *urati%n %+ ba'&in( (as appli'ati%n be+%re. *urin( an* a+ter ,el*in(
s/all be re'%r*e*-
1 ea'/ test pie'e s/all be uni2uely i*enti+ie* by /ar* stampin( %r in*elible mar&in( a*Ga'ent t% t/e ,el* an*
t/e re'%r*s ma*e *urin( test ,el*in(. n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( an* me'/ani'al testin( s/all be tra'eable t%
ea'/ test pie'e-
1 t/e ,el*in( 2uali+i'ati%n test s/all be representati)e +%r t/e pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( ,it/ respe't t% an(le %+
pipe a:is-. interpass temperature. appli'ati%n %+ pre/eat. /eat '%n*u'ti%n. et'-
1 +%r (irt/ ,el*s in ,el*e* pipe in all p%siti%ns. e:'ept 13 CPA4 an* "3 CP4. it is re'%mmen*e* t/at %ne %+
t/e pipes use* +%r t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n test be +i:e* ,it/ t/e l%n(itu*inal ,el* in t/e > %r
1" %A'l%'& p%siti%n-
1 +%r ,el*in( %+ pipe ,it/ *iameter "0T in +i:e* p%siti%ns. t/e ,el* 'ir'um+eren'e s/all be *i)i*e* in
appr%priate se't%rs ar%un* t/e 'ir'um+eren'e- T/e ,el*in( parameters s/all be re'%r*e* +%r ea'/ pass in
ea'/ se't%r an* +%r ea'/ ,el*in( ar'- F%r manual ,el*in(. t/e /eat input +%r a se't%r s/all be re'%r*e* as
a)era(e %+ all t/e a)era(e /eat inputs +%r t/e run-%ut len(t/s in ea'/ pass in t/at se't%r-
1 +%r ,el*in( %+ pipe ,it/ *iameter M "0T t/e /eat input s/all be re'%r*e* +%r ea'/ pass- F%r manual ,el*in(.
t/e /eat input +%r ea'/ pass s/all be re'%r*e* as a)era(e %+ all t/e a)era(e /eat inputs +%r t/e run-%ut len(t/s
in ea'/ pass in t/e pipe 'ir'um+eren'e-
1 t/e release %+ e:ternal line-up 'lamps s/all be simulate* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in(- lamps s/%ul* n%t
be release* until t/e '%mplete* se'ti%ns %+ t/e r%%t pass '%)ers a minimum %+ =0L %+ t/e 'ir'um+eren'e
,it/ e)en spa'in(- T/e len(t/ %+ ea'/ se'ti%n. t/e spa'in( %+ t/e se'ti%ns. t/e number %+ se'ti%ns ,el*e*
an* t/e per'enta(e %+ ,el*e* se'ti%ns %+ t/e 'ir'um+eren'e s/all be re'%r*e*-
1 i+ it is e:pe'te* t/at t/e interpass temperature ,ill *r%p bel%, pre/eat temperature *urin( installati%n
,el*in(. t/is s'enari% s/all be simulate* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in(- T/e number %+ passes '%mplete*
be+%re '%%lin( t% bel%, pre/eat temperature s/all be re'%r*e*-
1 a''elerate* '%%lin( %+ t/e ,el* s/all be per+%rme* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( i+ a''elerate* ,el* '%%lin(.
e-(- +%r A8T ,ill be per+%rme* in pr%*u'ti%n- T/e '%%lin( met/%* an* t/e ,el* temperature at t/e start %+
t/e '%%lin( s/all be re'%r*e*- A ma'r% an* /ar*ness s/all be ta&en at '%%lin( start p%int-
%ellulose covered electrodes
)*2 I+ t/e use %+ 'ellul%se '%)ere* ele'tr%*es /as been a(ree*. t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal re2uirements s/all
apply0
1 pre/eat s/all be minimum 100]
1 *elay bet,een '%mpleti%n %+ t/e r%%t pass an* t/e start %+ *ep%sitin( t/e /%t pass s/all be minimum >
minutes
1 imme*iately up%n '%mpleti%n %+ ,el*in( *urin( ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n t/e test pie'es s/all be
,ater 2uen'/e* as s%%n as t/e temperature %+ t/e test pie'e is bel%, #00]
1 n%n *estru'ti)e testin( %+ t/e test pie'e s/all be by Aut%mate* 8ltras%ni' Testin( CA8T4 %r Ra*i%(rap/i'
testin( an* 6anual 8ltras%ni' Testin(-
E 4** Re(air 1el"ing (r!ce"'res
4*) Repair ,el*in( s/all be 2uali+ie* by a separate ,el* repair 2uali+i'ati%n test-
4*4 Pre/eat +%r repair ,el*in( s/%ul* be minimum =0] ab%)e minimum spe'i+ie* pre/eat +%r pr%*u'ti%n
,el*in(-
4*8 @/en a /eat treate* pipe %r '%mp%nent is repaire* by ,el*in(. a ne, /eat treatment may /a)e t% be
in'lu*e* in t/e 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e ,el* repair pr%'e*ure. *epen*in( %n t/e e++e't %+ t/e ,el* repair %n t/e
pr%perties an* mi'r%stru'ture %+ t/e e:istin( ,el* an* base material-
4*4 5uali+i'ati%n %+ repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ures s/all be ma*e by e:'a)atin( a (r%%)e in an %ri(inal ,el*
,el*e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a 2uali+ie* ,el*in( pr%'e*ure-
4*# T/e e:'a)ate* (r%%)e s/all be %+ su++i'ient len(t/ t% %btain t/e re2uire* number %+ test spe'imens W =0
mm at ea'/ en*-
Repeated repairs
4*5 I+ repeate* ,el* repairs are permitte* %r a(ree*. t/ese s/all be 2uali+ie* separately-
4*& In 'ase %+ repeate* repairs. t/e test pie'e s/all '%ntain a repair ,el* %+ a 2uali+ie* repaire* %ri(inal ,el*-
F%r repeate* in-pr%'ess r%%t repair. sin(le pass 'ap repair an*I%r sin(le pass r%%t sealin( repairs t/e repair ,el*
s/all be rem%)e* pri%r t% re-repair-
8ualification welding
4*2 T/e 2uali+i'ati%n test s/all be ma*e in a manner realisti'ally simulatin( t/e repair situati%n t% be 2uali+ie*-
4*: 5uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ E101 t/r%u(/ E10F-
4)* F%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s t/e repair 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* in t/e %)er/ea* t/r%u(/
)erti'al p%siti%ns-
4)) F%r r%ll ,el*in( t/e len(t/ %+ t/e repair ,el* may be 'entre* at t/e 1" %N'l%'& l%'ati%n +%r e:ternal
repairs an* at t/e > %N'l%'& l%'ati%n +%r internal repairs. in ,/i'/ 'ase repair ,el*in( is 2uali+ie* +%r repair
,el*in( in t/ese l%'ati%ns %nly-
E 8** E'ali+ica%i!n !+ gir%h 6'%% 1el"s an" c!$(!nen% l!ngi%'"inal 1el"s 1el"ing (r!ce"'res
8*) 5uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r pipeline system (irt/ ,el*s an* ,el*s in pipeline '%mp%nents
may be per+%rme* by any %+ t/e ar' ,el*in( pr%'esses spe'i+ie* in A"00-
8*4 T/e @PS s/all be 2uali+ie* an* appr%)e* by all parties pri%r t% start %+ any pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(-
8*8 T/e type an* number %+ *estru'ti)e tests +%r ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n are (i)en in Table -#. ,it/
met/%*s an* a''eptan'e 'riteria as spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n F bel%,-
8*4 F%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t% strain 0-;L. it s/%ul* be re2uire* t% per+%rm testin( t% *etermine
t/e pr%perties %+ ,el* metal in t/e straine* an* a(e* '%n*iti%n a+ter *e+%rmati%n 'y'les an* als% at ele)ate*
temperature- See Appen*i: A. Subse'ti%n 3-
8ualification of repair welding procedures
8*# 5uali+i'ati%n %+ repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r pipeline system (irt/ ,el*s an* ,el*s in pipeline
'%mp%nents may be per+%rme* by any %+ t/e ar' ,el*in( pr%'esses spe'i+ie* in A"00-
8*5 T/e @PS +%r repair ,el*in( s/all be 2uali+ie* pri%r t% start %+ any pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(-
8*& T/e +%ll%,in( types %+ repairs s/all be 2uali+ie* t% t/e e:tent t/at su'/ repairs are appli'able an* +%r pipe.
als% i+ t/e type %+ repair is +easible +%r t/e siJe %+ pipe in 2uesti%n0
1 t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repair
1 partial t/i'&ness repair
1 in-pr%'ess r%%t repair
1 sin(le pass 'ap repair
1 sin(le pass r%%t sealin( repair-
8*2 T/e type an* number %+ *estru'ti)e tests +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %r repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ure are (i)en in Table
-;. ,it/ met/%*s an* a''eptan'e 'riteria as spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n F bel%,-
Ta6le C-8 E'ali+ica%i!n !+ 1el"ing (r!ce"'res +!r gir%h 6'%% 1el"s incl'"ing c!$(!nen% l!ngi%'"inal
1el"s
T!ST 25'4T $'4'$3$ 43$-!R 5& !)%1 SP!%'&'! T!ST
6all
thic.ness
/mm0
D
/mm0
Transverse
weld
Tensile
Transverse
all(weld
Tensile
14
)ll(weld
tensile
14.
"4
Root
bend
104
&ace
bend
104
Side
bend
104
%harpy
;(notch
sets
;.=.>.<4
$acro and
hardness
114
5ther
tests
1"4
&racture
toughness
"= #00
_ #00
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
#4
;
#4
"
#4
;
#4
0
0
;
F4
;
F4
"
"
1#4
1#4
1#4
1#4
_ "= #00
_ #00
"
"
"
"
"
"
0
0
0
0
;
;
>
F.H4
>
F.H4
"
"
1#4
1#4
1#.1;4
1#.1;4
N%tes0
14 T/e stren(t/ mismat'/ bet,een t/e (irt/ ,el* an* t/e parent material s/all be e)aluate* ,/en EA is re2uire*- All-,el* tensile
tests are re'%mmen*e* i+ an EA is per+%rme*- H%,e)er. trans)erse all-,el* spe'imens are als% a''eptable- In 'ase %+ EA +ull
stress-strain 'ur)es s/all be establis/e* as +ar as p%ssible. see als% Appen*i: A-
"4 All ,el* tensile tests are n%t re2uire* +%r D "00 mm an* n%t i+ trans)erse all-,el* tests are per+%rme*-
#4 F%r ,el*in( pr%'esses 36A@ an* FA@. si*e ben* tests s/all be per+%rme* instea* %+ r%%t an* +a'e ben* tests-
;4 Impa't testin( is n%t re2uire* +%r t M > mm-
=4 Ea'/ /arpy V-n%t'/ set '%nsists %+ # spe'imens-
>4 T/e n%t'/ s/all be l%'ate* in t/e ,el* metal. t/e +usi%n line CFB4 samplin( =0L %+ HAU. FBW" mm an* FBW= mm. see Appen*i:
!. Fi(ure # t/r%u(/ Fi(ure =-
<4 F%r *%uble si*e* ,el*s %n -6n an* l%, all%y steels. +%ur a**iti%nal sets %+ /arpy V-n%t'/ test spe'imens s/all be sample*
+r%m t/e ,el* metal. FB Csamplin( =0L %+ HAU4. FBW" mm an* FBW= mm in t/e r%%t area. see Appen*i: ! Fi(ure =-
F4 I+ se)eral ,el*in( pr%'esses %r ,el*in( '%nsumables are use*. impa't testin( s/all be 'arrie* %ut in t/e '%rresp%n*in( ,el*
re(i%ns. e)en i+ t/e re(i%n teste* 'ann%t be '%nsi*ere* representati)e +%r t/e '%mplete ,el*-
H4 @/en t/e ,all t/i'&ness e:'ee*s "= mm +%r sin(le si*e* ,el*s. t,% a**iti%nal sets %+ /arpy V-n%t'/ test spe'imens s/all be
sample* +r%m t/e ,el* metal r%%t an* FB in t/e r%%t area-
104 !en* tests %n 'la*Iline* pipes s/all be per+%rme* as si*e ben* tests- ; si*e ben* tests s/all be per+%rme* C+%r all ,all t/i'&nesses4-
114 F%r (irt/ ,el*s in ,el*e* pipe. %ne ma'r% an* /ar*ness s/all in'lu*e an interse'ti%n bet,een a l%n(itu*inalI(irt/ ,el*-
1"4 Re2uirements +%r '%rr%si%n tests. '/emi'al analysis an* mi'r%stru'ture e:aminati%n are spe'i+ie* in F-
1#4 Fra'ture t%u(/ness testin( is %nly re2uire* ,/en a (eneri' %r +ull EA is per+%rme* +%r pipeline (irt/ butt ,el*s- E:tent %+ testin(
s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: A-
1;4 F%r n%minal ,all t/i'&ness ab%)e =0 mm in -6n an* l%, all%y steels +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( is re2uire* unless P@HT is per+%rme*-
Repeated repairs
8*: I+ it /as been a(ree* t% permit t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness %r partial t/i'&ness repeate* repairs Csee Table -<4.
an* a HAU is intr%*u'e* in t/e ,el* metal +r%m t/e +irst repair. t/en a**iti%nal /arpy V-n%t'/ sets Cin a**iti%n
t% t/e tests re2uire* by Table -;4 s/all be l%'ate* in t/e re-repair ,el* metal an* in FB. FBW" mm an* FBW=
mm %+ t/e ,el* metal +r%m t/e +irst repair an*I%r t/e base material as appli'able an* as s/%,n in t/e a''epte*
p@PS. see D<0"-
8)* I+ it /as been a(ree* t% permit repeate* in-pr%'ess r%%t repair. sin(le pass 'ap repair an*I%r sin(le pass
r%%t sealin( repair. see Table -<. t/e e:tent %+ testin( s/all be as tests re2uire* by Table -;-
E 4** E'ali+ica%i!n !+ 1el"ing (r!ce"'res +!r c!rr!si!n resis%an% !-erla7 1el"ing
8ualification of welding procedures
4*) 5uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r '%rr%si%n resistant %)erlay ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* ,it/
36A@ %r pulse* 3TA@- Ot/er met/%*s may be use* subGe't t% a(reement-
4*4 T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ test pie'es s/all be representati)e +%r t/e pr%*u'ti%n '%n*iti%ns-
4*8 5uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el* %)erlay s/all be per+%rme* %n a test sample ,/i'/ is representati)e +%r t/e siJe an*
t/i'&ness %+ t/e pr%*u'ti%n base material- T/e minimum ,el* %)erlay t/i'&ness use* +%r t/e pr%*u'ti%n
,el*in( s/all be use* +%r t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n test-
4*4 T/e *imensi%ns %+. %r t/e number %+ test pie'es s/all be su++i'ient t% %btain all re2uire* tests-
4*# T/e test pie'es use* s/all be rele)ant +%r t/e inten*e* appli'ati%n %+ t/e ,el* %)erlay0
1 +%r(in( %r 'astin( +%r %)erlay ,el*in( %+ rin( (r%%)es
1 pipe ,it/ t/e %)erlay ,el*in( per+%rme* e:ternally %r internally. %r
1 plate %r pipe ,it/ a prepare* ,el*in( (r%%)e +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ butterin( an* ,/en t/e ,el* %)erlay
stren(t/ is utilise* in t/e *esi(n-
4*5 I+ a bu++er layer ,ill be use* in pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(. it s/all als% be use* in ,el*in( t/e test pie'e-
4*& T/e @PS s/all be 2uali+ie* pri%r t% start %+ any pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(-
Ta6le C-4 E'ali+ica%i!n !+ re(air 1el"ing (r!ce"'res +!r gir%h 6'%% 1el"s incl'"ing c!$(!nen%s
l!ngi%'"inal 1el"s
T!ST 25'4T $'4'$3$ 43$-!R 5& !)%1 SP!%'&'! T!ST
Type of repair0
Transverse
weld
Tensile
Transverse
all(weld
Tensile
14
)ll(weld
Tensile<0+
"4
Root
-end
&ace
-end
Side
bend
%harpy
;(notch
sets
$acro and
hardness
5ther
tests
&racture
toughness
T/r%u(/
t/i'&ness repair
1 1 1 1
#4
1
#4
"
;4 =. >. <4
1
F4 H.104
Partial t/i'&ness
repair
1 1 1 1
#4
1
#4
"
;4
=4 1
F4 H. 104
In-pr%'ess r%%t
repair
1 1
F4
Sin(le pass 'ap
repair
1 1
F4
Sin(le pass r%%t
sealin( repair
1 1
F4
N%tes0
14 T/e stren(t/ mismat'/ bet,een t/e (irt/ ,el* an* t/e parent material s/all be e)aluate* ,/en EA is re2uire*- All-,el* tensile
tests are re'%mmen*e* i+ an EA is per+%rme*- H%,e)er. trans)erse all-,el* spe'imens are als% a''eptable- In 'ase %+ EA +ull
stress-strain 'ur)es s/all be establis/e* as +ar as p%ssible. see als% Appen*i: A-
"4 All ,el* tensile tests are n%t re2uire* +%r D "00 mm an* n%t i+ trans)erse all-,el* tests are per+%rme*-
#4 1 r%%t an* 1 +a'e ben* test +%r t d "= mm
;4 F%r ,el*in( pr%'esses 36A@ an* FA@. +%r 'la*Iline* pipes an* +%r all pipes ,/en t _ "= mm. si*e ben* tests s/all be
per+%rme* instea* %+ r%%t an* +a'e ben* tests-
=4 F%r partial penetrati%n an* t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repairs ,/ere a ne, HAU is intr%*u'e* in t/e %ri(inal ,el* metal. /arpy V-n%t'/
sets %+ # spe'imens s/all be l%'ate* a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: !. Fi(ures < an* F-
>4 T/e n%t'/ s/all be l%'ate* in t/e repair ,el* metal. t/e +usi%n line CFB4 samplin( =0L %+ HAU. FBW" mm an* FBW= mm %+ t/e
base material-
<4 I+ se)eral ,el*in( pr%'esses %r ,el*in( '%nsumables are use*. impa't testin( s/all be 'arrie* %ut in t/e '%rresp%n*in( ,el*
re(i%ns. e)en i+ t/e re(i%n teste* 'ann%t be '%nsi*ere* representati)e +%r t/e '%mplete ,el*-
F4 Re2uirements +%r '%rr%si%n tests. '/emi'al analysis an* mi'r%stru'ture e:aminati%n are spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n F-
H4 Fra'ture t%u(/ness testin( %+ repairs is %nly re2uire* ,/en a (eneri' %r +ull EA is per+%rme* +%r t/e %ri(inal pipeline (irt/ butt
,el*s- E:tent %+ testin( s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: A-
104 F%r n%minal ,all t/i'&ness ab%)e =0 mm in -6n an* l%, all%y steels +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( is re2uire* unless P@HT is
per+%rme*
4*2 T/e type an* number %+ *estru'ti)e tests +%r ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n are (i)en in Table -= ,it/
met/%*s an* a''eptan'e 'riteria spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n F bel%,-
8ualification of repair welding procedures
4*: 8nless t/e pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 'an be applie*. t/e repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ure s/all be 2uali+ie*-
@el* repair per+%rme* %n ,el* %)erlay ma'/ine* t% t/e +inal t/i'&ness s/all be separately 2uali+ie*-
4)* T/e type an* number %+ *estru'ti)e tests +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ure are (i)en in Table
-=- In 'ases ,/en 2uali+i'ati%n is per+%rme* usin( a pipe. '%mp%nent %r plate ,it/ a prepare* ,el*in( (r%%)e.
an* a ne, HAU is intr%*u'e* in t/e %ri(inal ,el* metal. a**iti%nal /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't sets s/all be l%'ate*
a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: !. Fi(ure < an* Fi(ure F-
E #** E'ali+ica%i!n !+ (r!ce"'res +!r 9in 3raCing an" Al'$in!%her$ic 1el"ing !+ an!"e lea"s
8ualification of procedures
#*) Atta'/ment %+ an%*e lea*s s/all be by pin braJin( %r alumin%t/ermi' ,el*in( met/%*s- Ot/er met/%*s
may be use* subGe't t% a(reement- Full *etails %+ t/e te'/ni2ue use* an* ass%'iate* e2uipment s/all be
a)ailable pri%r t% 2uali+i'ati%n %+ pr%'e*ures-
#*4 T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ test pie'es s/all be representati)e +%r t/e pr%*u'ti%n '%n*iti%ns an* be
sele'te* in t/e upper ran(e %+ t/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n-
#*8 5uali+i'ati%n +%r braJin(I,el*in( %+ an%*e lea*s s/all be per+%rme* %n test samples ,/i'/ is
representati)e +%r t/e siJe an* t/i'&ness %+ t/e pr%*u'ti%n base material an* t/e number %+ test pie'es s/all be
minimum ; an* su++i'ient t% %btain all re2uire* tests-
#*4 T/e @PS s/all be 2uali+ie* pri%r t% start %+ any pr%*u'ti%n-
#*# T/e type an* number %+ *estru'ti)e tests +%r pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n are (i)en in Table -> ,it/ met/%*s
an* a''eptan'e 'riteria spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n F bel%,-
E 5** E'ali+ica%i!n !+ 1el"ing (r!ce"'res +!r %e$(!rar7 an" (er$anen% a%%ach$en%s an" 6ranch
1el"ing +i%%ings %! line(i(e
8ualification of welding procedures
5*) 5uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r temp%rary an* permanent atta'/ments an* bran'/ ,el*in(
+ittin(s t% linepipe may be per+%rme* by any %+ t/e ar' ,el*in( pr%'esses spe'i+ie* in A"00. but use %+ 'ellul%se
'%ate* ele'tr%*es is n%t permitte*-
5*4 T/e @PS s/all be 2uali+ie* pri%r t% start %+ any pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(-
5*8 T/e type an* number %+ *estru'ti)e tests +%r ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n are (i)en in E>0; t% E>1;
,it/ met/%*s an* a''eptan'e 'riteria as spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n F-
Ta6le C-# E'ali+ica%i!n !+ c!rr!si!n resis%an% !-erla7 1el"ing (r!ce"'res
T!ST 25'4T $'4'$3$ 43$-!R 5& !)%1 SP!%'&'! T!ST
Thic.ness of base
material
Side bend
$acro and hardness
tests
%hemical
)nalysis
)ll(weld
Tensile
%harpy ;(notch
'mpact tests
5ther tests
All ;
14
1 1 "
"4 ".#.;.=4 >4
N%tes0
14 Si*e ben* spe'imens s/all be ta&en trans)erse t% t/e ,el*in( *ire'ti%n-
"4 Only re2uire* ,/en t/e ,el* %)erlay stren(t/ is utilise* in t/e *esi(n %+ t/e ,el*e* G%int Ce-(- l%a* bearin( ,el* %)erlay4-
#4 Only re2uire* ,/en t/e ,el* %)erlay is l%a* bearin( a'r%ss t/e %)erlayIbase material +usi%n line-
;4 Sets s/all be teste* ,it/ t/e n%t'/ in t/e %)erlay ,el* metal. Fl. an* FBW" mm an* FBW= mm in t/e base material-
=4 I+ se)eral ,el*in( pr%'esses %r ,el*in( '%nsumables are use*. impa't testin( s/all be 'arrie* %ut in t/e '%rresp%n*in( ,el*
re(i%ns i+ t/e re(i%n %t/er,ise re2uire* t% be teste* 'ann%t be '%nsi*ere* representati)e +%r t/e '%mplete ,el*-
>4 Re2uirements +%r '%rr%si%n tests an* mi'r%stru'ture e:aminati%n are spe'i+ie* in subse'ti%n F-
Ta6le C-5 E'ali+ica%i!n !+ 9in 3raCing an" Al'$in!%her$ic 1el"ing (r!ce"'res
T!ST 25'4T $'4'$3$ 43$-!R 5& !)%1 SP!%'&'! T!ST
14
Thic.ness of base
material
!lectrical
resistance
$echanical
strength
%opper penetration
"4
1ardness
#
0 Pull test
All ; ; ; ; ;
N%tes
14 T/e number %+ tests re+ers t% t/e t%tal number %+ tests +r%m all pie'es-
"4 " test spe'imens s/all t/e se'ti%ne* trans)erse t% t/e an%*e lea* an* " test spe'imens parallel ,it/ t/e an%*e lea*-
#4 T/e /ar*ness tests s/all be ma*e %n t/e spe'imens +%r '%pper penetrati%n measurements-
#ongitudinal welds in doubler sleeves
5*4 B%n(itu*inal ,el*s in *%ubler slee)es s/all be ma*e ,it/ ba'&in( strips an* 2uali+ie* as re2uire* in
E#00 an* Table -#. but ,it/ t/e e:tent %+ testin( limite* t%0
1 trans)erse ,el* tensile
1 /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't testin(
1 ma'r% an* /ar*ness testin(.
&illet welds in doubler sleeves and anode pads
5*# T/e +illet ,el* 2uali+i'ati%n test s/all '%mprise t,% test pie'es ,el*e* in t/e PD an* PF plate p%siti%ns
t% 2uali+y t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure +%r ,el*in( in all p%siti%ns-
5*5 T/e e:tent %+ testin( +%r ea'/ test pie'e s/all be # ma'r% an* /ar*ness spe'imens ta&en +r%m t/e start.
en* an* mi**le %+ ea'/ test ,el* ,it/ met/%*s an* a''eptan'e 'riteria as spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n F-
-ranch welding fittings
5*& T/e bran'/ +ittin( 2uali+i'ati%n test ,el*s s/all be ,el*e* in t/e PF an* PD pipe p%siti%ns t% 2uali+y
,el*in( in all p%siti%ns-
5*2 T/e e:tent %+ testin( s/all be ; ma'r% an* /ar*ness spe'imens ta&en +r%m t/e 1". #. > an* H %N'l%'&
l%'ati%ns %+ ea'/ test ,el*- A pr%'e*ure 2uali+ie* as a butt ,el* may be use*-
5*: /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't testin( ,it/ t/e n%t'/ in t/e ,el* metal. FB. FBW" mm an* FBW= mm usin( +ull
siJe %r re*u'e* siJe spe'imens s/all al,ays be per+%rme* ,/ene)er t/e material t/i'&ness all%,s- /arpy V-
n%t'/ spe'imens s/all be ta&en +r%m b%t/ test ,el*s-
8ualification of repair welding procedures for longitudinal welds in doubler sleeves
5)* Repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r l%n(itu*inal ,el*s in *%ubler slee)es s/all be 2uali+ie* as re2uire* in
E#00 an* Table -;. but ,it/ t/e e:tent %+ testin( m%*i+ie* a''%r*in( t% E>0;-
8ualification of repair welding procedures for fillet welds
5)) 5uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* in t/e PD an* PF plate p%siti%ns- T/e e:tent %+ 2uali+i'ati%n %+
repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ures s/all at as a minimum '%nsist %+0
1 sin(le pass repair a(ainst t/e pipe material
1 sin(le pass repair a(ainst t/e slee)e material-
5)4 6et/%*s %+ testin( an* a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be as spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n F-
8ualification of repair welding procedures for branch welding fittings
5)8 5uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* in t/e PD an* PF pipe p%siti%ns- T/e e:tent %+ 2uali+i'ati%n %+
repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ures s/all at as a minimum '%nsist %+0
1 sin(le pass 'ap repair a(ainst t/e +ittin(
1 sin(le pass 'ap repair a(ainst t/e pipe-
5)4 6et/%*s %+ testin( an* a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be as spe'i+ie* in Subse'ti%n F-
E &** E'ali+ica%i!n !+ 1el"ing (r!ce"'res +!r s%r'c%'ral c!$(!nen%s
&*) @el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r stru'tural '%mp%nents. supplie* as a part %+ t/e pipeline systems. s/all be
2uali+ie* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1=>1;-1- T/e re2uirements s/all be appr%priate +%r t/e stru'tural
'ate(%risati%n %+ t/e members an* stresses in t/e stru'ture- T/e e:tent %+ tensile. /ar*ness an* impa't testin(
an* t/e testin( '%n*iti%ns s/%ul* be in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/is Appen*i:-
E 2** E'ali+ica%i!n !+ 1el"ing (r!ce"'res +!r h7(er6aric "r7 1el"ing
2*) Re2uirements +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r /yperbari' *ry ,el*in( are (i)en in Subse'ti%n I-
F. E,a$ina%i!n an" Tes%ing +!r Wel"ing 9r!ce"'re E'ali+ica%i!n
F )** General
)*) All )isual e:aminati%n. n%n-*estru'ti)e testin(. me'/ani'al testin( an* '%rr%si%n testin( %+ test pie'es
s/all be per+%rme* in t/e as ,el*e* %r p%st ,el* /eat treate* '%n*iti%n. ,/ate)er is appli'able +%r t/e +inal
pr%*u't-
;isual e"amination and non(destructive testing
)*4 Visual e:aminati%n an* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( s/all be per+%rme* n% earlier t/an "; /%urs a+ter t/e
'%mpleti%n %+ ,el*in( %+ ea'/ test pie'e- Ori(inal ,el*s inten*e* +%r repair ,el*in( 2uali+i'ati%n may be
e:amine* an* teste* ,/en temperature %+ test pie'e all%,s +%r it-
)*8 I+ a test pie'e *%es n%t meet t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r )isual e:aminati%n an* NDT. %ne +urt/er test
pie'e s/all be ,el*e* an* subGe'te* t% t/e same e:aminati%n- I+ t/is a**iti%nal test pie'e *%es n%t meet t/e
re2uirements. t/e @P5 is n%t a''eptable-
estructive testing
)*4 T/e type an* number %+ me'/ani'al tests an* mi'r%stru'ture e)aluati%ns +%r 2uali+i'ati%n tests are (i)en
in E#00 t% E<00-
)*# Test spe'imens s/all be ta&en +r%m t/e p%siti%ns s/%,n in Fi(ure 1 an* Fi(ure " +%r l%n(itu*inal ,el*s
an* (irt/ ,el*s respe'ti)ely-
Re(testing
)*5 A *estru'ti)e test +ailin( t% meet t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements may be re-teste*- T/e reas%n +%r t/e +ailure
s/all be in)esti(ate* an* rep%rte* be+%re any re-testin( is per+%rme*- I+ t/e in)esti(ati%n re)eals t/at t/e test
results are in+luen'e* by impr%per samplin(. ma'/inin(. preparati%n. treatment %r testin(. t/e test sample an*
spe'imen Cas rele)ant4 s/all be repla'e* by a '%rre'tly prepare* sample %r spe'imen an* a ne, test per+%rme*-
)*& A *estru'ti)e test +ailin( t% meet t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements s/all be reGe'te* i+ t/e reas%n +%r +ailure 'an
n%t be relate* t% impr%per samplin(. ma'/inin(. preparati%n. treatment %r testin( %+ spe'imens-
)*2 Re-testin( %+ a test +ailin( t% meet t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements s/%ul* %nly be per+%rme* subGe't t%
a(reement- T/is re-testin( s/all '%nsist %+ at least t,% +urt/er test spe'imensIsets %+ test spe'imens- I+ b%t/ re-
tests meet t/e re2uirements. t/e test may be re(ar*e* as a''eptable- All test results. in'lu*in( t/e +aile* tests.
s/all be rep%rte*-
)*: I+ t/ere are sin(le /ar*ness )alues in t/e *i++erent test J%nes C,el* metal. HAU. base material4 t/at *%
n%t meet t/e re2uirement. retestin( s/all be 'arrie* %ut %n t/e re)erse si*e %+ t/e teste* spe'imen %r a+ter
(rin*in( an* re-preparati%n %+ t/e teste* sur+a'e- N%ne %+ t/ese a**iti%nal /ar*ness )alues s/all e:'ee* t/e
ma:imum )alue-
))* F%r /arpy V-n%t'/ impa't testin( t/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements s/all apply0
1 in %r*er t% '%nsi*er a set as appr%)e*. t/e a)era(e re2uirement /as t% be met an* %nly %ne test spe'imen
%ut %+ t/e t/ree may /a)e a )alue bet,een t/e a)era(e an* t/e sin(le minimum re2uirement-
1 subGe't t% a(reement. retest may be per+%rme* ,it/ t,% test spe'imen sets- All re-teste* spe'imens s/all
meet t/e spe'i+ie* minimum a)era(e t%u(/ness-
Fig're )
Wel"ing (r!ce"'re <'ali+ica%i!n %es% - sa$(ling !+ %es% s(eci$ens +!r l!ngi%'"inal 6'%% 1el"s.
N%te0 T/e in*i'ate* l%'ati%n %+ t/e test spe'imens are n%t re2uire* +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( in t/e PA C134 an* P C"34 p%siti%ns.
,/ere samplin( p%siti%ns are %pti%nal-
Fig're 4
Wel"ing (r!ce"'re <'ali+ica%i!n %es% - sa$(ling !+ %es% s(eci$ens +!r gir%h 6'%% 1el"s.
N%te 10 F%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s. i+ appli'able. %ne ma'r% an* /ar*ness spe'imen s/all in'lu*e a pipe l%n(itu*inal seam ,el*-
N%te "0 T/e in*i'ate* l%'ati%n %+ t/e test spe'imens are n%t re2uire* +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ ,el*in( in t/e PA C13 r%tate*4 ,/ere samplin(
p%siti%ns are %pti%nal-
F 4** Dis'al e,a$ina%i!n an" n!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing re<'ire$en%s
4*) Ea'/ test ,el* s/all un*er(% 100L )isual e:aminati%n an* 100L ultras%ni' an* 100L ra*i%(rap/i'
testin( an* 100L ma(neti' parti'le %r li2ui* penetrant testin(- Testin( s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D.
Subse'ti%n !-
4*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r )isual e:aminati%n an* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/
Appen*i: D. !H00 +%r ,el*s e:p%se* t% strains M 0-;L- F%r ,el*s e:p%se* t% strains 0-;L. t/e a''eptan'e
'riteria s/all be as +%r t/e pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( %r a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: D. !H00. ,/i'/e)er is t/e m%re
strin(ent-
4*8 @el* %)erlay s/all be n%n-*estru'ti)ely teste* a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: D. #00 ,it/ a''eptan'e 'riteria
a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: D. >00- T/e sur+a'e an* ,el* t/i'&ness s/all be representati)e +%r t/e pr%*u'ti%n
,el*in(. i-e- a+ter ma'/inin( %+ t/e %)erlay t/i'&ness %r t/e t/i'&ness representati)e +%r t/e t/i'&ness %n t/e
+inis/e* '%mp%nent-
F 8** Tes%ing !+ 6'%% 1el"s
8*) All testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !-
Transverse weld tensile testing
8*4 F%r l%n(itu*inal ,el*s an* (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t% strain
l.n%m
0-;L t/e +ra'ture s/all n%t be l%'ate*
in t/e ,el* metal. ,/ile +%r l%n(itu*inal ,el*s an* (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t% strain
l.n%m
M0-;L an* ,/ere n%
EA is per+%rme* t/e +ra'ture s/%ul* n%t be in t/e ,el* metal- T/e ultimate tensile stren(t/ s/all be at least
e2ual t% t/e S6TS +%r t/e base material- @/en *i++erent material (ra*es are G%ine*. t/e ultimate tensile stren(t/
%+ t/e G%int s/all be at least e2ual t% t/e S6TS +%r t/e l%,er (ra*e-
)ll(weld tensile testing
8*8 F%r l%n(itu*inal ,el*s an* (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t% strain
l.n%m
M0-;L an* ,/ere n% EA is per+%rme*.
t/e upper yiel* %r t/e R
t0-=
%+ t/e *ep%site* ,el* metal s/%ul* be F0 6Pa ab%)e S6RS %+ t/e base material
an* t/e el%n(ati%n n%t less t/an 1FL- I+ t,% (ra*es are G%ine* t/e re2uirement applies t% t/e l%,er stren(t/
material-
Transverse all(weld tensile testing
8*4 F%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s ,/ere (eneri' EA a''eptan'e 'riteria Csee Appen*i: A4 are applie*. t/e upper
yiel* %r t/e R
t0-=
%+ t/e *ep%site* ,el* metal s/all n%t be m%re t/an "0 6Pa bel%, t/e spe'i+ie* ma:imum
yiel* stren(t/ %+ t/e base material- T/e el%n(ati%n s/all n%t be less t/an 1FL-@/en *i++erent material (ra*es
are G%ine*. t/e yiel* stress re2uirements applies t% t/e l%,er (ra*e-
8*# F%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t% strain
l.n%m
0-;L an* ,/ere +ull EA a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be
applie*. t/e upper yiel* %r t/e R
t0-=
%+ t/e *ep%site* ,el* metal s/all n%t be m%re t/an "0 6Pa bel%, t/e
spe'i+ie* ma:imum yiel* stren(t/ %+ t/e base material. %r t/e assumpti%ns ma*e *urin( *esi(n an*I%r t/e EA-
T/e el%n(ati%n s/all n%t be less t/an 1FL-
-end testing
8*5 T/e en* tests s/all n%t *is'l%se any %pen *e+e'ts in any *ire'ti%n e:'ee*in( # mm- 6in%r *u'tile tears
less t/an > mm. %ri(inatin( at t/e spe'imen e*(e may be *isre(ar*e* i+ n%t ass%'iate* ,it/ %b)i%us *e+e'ts-
%harpy ;(notch impact testing
8*& T/e a)era(e an* sin(le /arpy V-n%t'/ t%u(/ness at ea'/ p%siti%n s/all n%t be less t/an spe'i+ie* +%r t/e
base material in t/e trans)erse *ire'ti%n CKVT )alues4- Re2uirement +%r +ra'ture arrest pr%perties *%es n%t
apply-
1 -6n an* l%, all%y steels s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in Se'-< !;00-
1 Duple: an* martensiti' stainless steels s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in Se'-< ;00-
1 T/e -6n steel ba'&in( material in 'la* an* line* linepipe s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in Se'-<
!;00-
8*2 @/en *i++erent steel (ra*es are G%ine*. t/e re2uire* impa't tests s/all be per+%rme* %n b%t/ si*es %+ t/e
,el*- T/e ,el* metal s/all meet t/e less strin(ent ener(y re2uirement-
$acro section
8*: T/e ma'r% se'ti%n s/all be *%'umente* by p/%t%(rap/s Cma(ni+i'ati%n %+ at least =4-
8)* T/e ma'r% se'ti%n s/all s/%, a s%un* ,el* mer(in( sm%%t/ly int% t/e base material an* meetin( 5uality
le)el %+ ISO =F1<-
8)) F%r (irt/ ,el*s in ,el*e* pipe. %ne ma'r% se'ti%n s/all in'lu*e a l%n(itu*inal ,el*-
1ardness testing
8)4 T/e ma:imum /ar*ness in t/e HAU an* ,el* metal is0
1 #"= HV10 +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steels in n%n-H
"
S ser)i'e
1 "=0 HV10 +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steels in H
"
S ser)i'e C+%r ,el* 'aps n%t e:p%se* t% t/e H
"
S me*ia.
ma:imum /ar*ness %+ "<= HV10 may be a(ree* +%r base material t/i'&ness _ H mm4 unless a /i(/er
/ar*ness /as been 2uali+ie* a''%r*in( t% Se'-> !"0" an* App-! ;00-
1 #=0 HV10 +%r 1#r martensiti' stainless steels
1 #=0 HV10 +%r *uple: stainless steels
1 #"= HV10 +%r 'la* %r line* material in n%n-H
"
S ser)i'e
1 "<= HV10 +%r an%*e pa*s-
F%r 'la* %r line* materials in H
"
S ser)i'e spe'ial '%nsi*erati%ns are re2uire*. see ISO 1=1=>-
8)8 SubGe't t% a(reement. a**iti%nal /ar*ness measurements s/all be ta&en in t/e startIst%p area +%r repair
,el* 2uali+i'ati%n-
8)4 F%r (irt/ ,el*s in ,el*e* pipe. %ne /ar*ness test spe'imen s/all in'lu*e a l%n(itu*inal ,el*-
%orrosion testing
8)# Sulp/i*e stress 'ra'&in( testin( CSS4 is %nly re2uire* +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steels ,it/ S6RS _ ;=0
6Pa. 1#r martensiti' stainless steels an* %t/er materials n%t liste* +%r H
"
S ser)i'e in ISO 1=1=>-
A''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be a''%r*in( t% ISO 1=1=>-
8)5 Pittin( '%rr%si%n test a''%r*in( t% AST6 3;F is %nly re2uire* +%r "=r *uple: stainless steel Csee Se'->
!#0"4- T/e ma:imum ,ei(/t l%ss s/all be ;-0 (Im
"
,/en teste* at ;0] +%r "; /%urs-
$icrostructure e"amination
8)& @el*s in *uple: stainless steel materials. RA materials an* 'la*Iline* materials s/all be subGe't t%
mi'r%stru'ture e:aminati%n- T/e material s/all be essentially +ree +r%m (rain b%un*ary 'arbi*es. nitri*es an*
intermetalli' p/ases- Essentially +ree implies t/at %''asi%nal strin(s %+ *etrimental p/ases al%n( t/e 'entreline
%+ t/e base material is a''eptable (i)en t/at t/e p/ase '%ntent ,it/in %ne +iel* %+ )isi%n Cat ;00P ma(ni+i'ati%n4
is M 1-0L Cma:- 0-=L intermetalli' p/ases4-
F%r *uple: steel t/e +errite '%ntent %+ t/e ,el* metal an* HAU s/all be ,it/in t/e ran(e #= t% >=L-
T/e +errite '%ntent %+ austeniti' stainless steel ,el* *ep%sit s/all be ,it/in t/e ran(e = t% 1#L-
6i'r% 'ra'&in( at t/e +usi%n line is n%t permitte*-
%hemical analysis
8)2 F%r ,el*s in 'la* %r line* materials. a '/emi'al analysis s/all be per+%rme*- T/e analysis s/all be
representati)e %+ t/e RA '%mp%siti%n at a p%int at t/e 'entreline %+ t/e r%%t pass 0-= mm bel%, t/e sur+a'e-
T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n s/all be ,it/in t/e spe'i+i'ati%n limits a''%r*in( t% t/e 8NS number +%r t/e
spe'i+ie* 'la**in(Ilinin( material %r. i+ t/e ,el* metal is %+ a *i++erent '%mp%siti%n t/an t/e 'la**in(Iliner.
,it/in t/e limits %+ '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n spe'i+ie* +%r t/e ,el*in( '%nsumable-
&racture toughness testing
8): Fra'ture t%u(/ness testin( s/all be per+%rme* +%r b%t/ (irt/ ,el*s an* repair ,el*s ,/en a''eptan'e
'riteria +%r (irt/ ,el*s are establis/e* by an EA- T/e e:tent %+ testin( s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: A-
84* F%r n%minal ,all t/i'&ness ab%)e =0 mm in -6n an* l%, all%y steels +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( is
re2uire* unless P@HT is per+%rme*-
-6n an* l%, all%y steels s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in Se'-< !;1=-
Duple: an* martensiti' stainless steels s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in Se'-< ;0#-
F 4** Tes%ing !+ 1el" !-erla7
4*) @/en t/e ,el* %)erlay is n%t '%ntributin( t% stren(t/ Ce-(- n%t l%a* bearin(4. tensile testin( an* /arpy
V-n%t'/ testin( %+ t/e ,el* %)erlay material are n%t re2uire*- @/en t/e ,el* %)erlay stren(t/ is '%nsi*ere* as
a part %+ t/e *esi(n. su'/ me'/ani'al testin( %+ t/e ,el* %)erlay material is re2uire* Csee F;1" t% F;1<4-
4*4 T/e base material s/all retain t/e minimum spe'i+ie* me'/ani'al pr%perties a+ter any p%st ,el* /eat
treatment- T/e base material pr%perties in t/e p%st ,el* /eat treate* '%n*iti%n s/all t/en be *%'umente* by
a**iti%nal testin( an* re'%r*e* as a part %+ t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n-
4*8 T/e testin( in F;0; t/r%u(/ F;11 s/all. as a minimum. be per+%rme* ,/en t/e %)erlay material is n%t
'%nsi*ere* as part %+ t/e *esi(n an* ,/en t/e base material /as n%t been a++e'te* by any p%st ,el* /eat
treatment- @/en t/e %)erlay material is '%nsi*ere* t% be part %+ *esi(n. t/e testin( in F;1" t/r%u(/ F;1< s/all
be per+%rme* in a**iti%n t% t/e testin( in F;0; t/r%u(/ F;11-
-end testing of weld overlay
4*4 T/e ben* testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !. !=1;- T/e ben* tests s/all *is'l%se
n% *e+e'ts e:'ee*in( 1-> mm- 6in%r *u'tile tears less t/an # mm. %ri(inatin( at t/e spe'imen e*(e may be
*isre(ar*e* i+ n%t ass%'iate* ,it/ %b)i%us *e+e'ts-
$acro e"amination of weld overlay
4*# T/e ma'r% se'ti%ns s/all be *%'umente* by p/%t%(rap/s Cma(ni+i'ati%n %+ at least =P4- T/e ma'r% se'ti%n
s/all s/%, a s%un* ,el* mer(in( sm%%t/ly int% t/e base material an* meetin( 5uality le)el %+ ISO =F1<-
1ardness testing of weld overlay
4*5 T/e ma:imum /ar*ness +%r base material an* HAU s/all n%t e:'ee* t/e limits (i)en in F#1" ab%)e as
appli'able +%r t/e inten*e* ser)i'e an* type %+ material- T/e ma:imum /ar*ness +%r t/e %)erlay material s/%ul*
n%t e:'ee* any limit (i)en in ISO 1=1=> +%r H
"
S ser)i'e-
%hemical analysis of weld overlay
4*& T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n s/all be %btaine* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: !- Spe'imens +%r '/emi'al
analysis s/all eit/er be per+%rme* *ire'tly %n t/e as ,el*e* %r ma'/ine* sur+a'e %r by ta&in( spe'imen %r
+ilin(sI'/ips +r%m0
1 t/e as ,el*e* sur+a'e
1 a ma'/ine* sur+a'e
1 +r%m a /%riJ%ntal *rille* 'a)ity-
T/e l%'ati%n +%r t/e '/emi'al analysis s/all be '%nsi*ere* as t/e minimum 2uali+ie* t/i'&ness t% be le+t a+ter
any ma'/inin( %+ t/e '%rr%si%n resistant ,el* %)erlay-
4*2 T/e '/emi'al '%mp%siti%n %+ %)erlay s/all be s/all be ,it/in t/e spe'i+i'ati%n limits a''%r*in( t% t/e
8NS +%r t/e spe'i+ie* %)erlay material- T/e ir%n '%ntent %+ all%y 8NS N0>>"= %)erlay s/all be M 10L-
$icrostructure e"amination of weld overlay
4*: T/e sur+a'e t% be use* +%r mi'r%stru'ture e:aminati%n s/all be representati)e %+ a ,el* %)erlay t/i'&ness
%+ # mm %r t/e minimum %)erlay t/i'&ness spe'i+ie* +%r t/e +inis/e* ma'/ine* '%mp%nent. ,/i'/e)er is less-
6i'r%stru'ture e:aminati%n s/all be per+%rme* a+ter any +inal /eat treatment-
4)* 6etall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n at a ma(ni+i'ati%n %+ ;00P %+ t/e RA ,el* metal HAU an* t/e base
material s/all be per+%rme*- 6i'r% 'ra'&in( at t/e RA t% t/e -6nIl%, all%y steel inter+a'e is n%t permitte*-
T/e material s/all be essentially +ree +r%m (rain b%un*ary 'arbi*es. nitri*es an* inter-metalli' p/ases in t/e
+inal '%n*iti%n Cas-,el*e* %r /eat treate* as appli'able4-
4)) T/e +errite '%ntent %+ austeniti' stainless steel ,el* %)erlay *ep%sit s/all be ,it/in t/e ran(e =-1#L- T/e
+errite '%ntent %+ *uple: stainless steel ,el* %)erlay in t/e ,el* metal an* HAU s/all be ,it/in t/e ran(e #=->=L-
)ll(weld tensile testing of load bearing weld overlay
4)4 All-,el* tensile testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: ! !#00-
4)8 T/e yiel* stress an* ultimate tensile stren(t/ %+ t/e ,el* *ep%sit s/all be at least e2ual t% t/e material
tensile pr%perties use* in t/e *esi(n-
%harpy ;(notch impact testing of load bearing weld overlay
4)4 @/en t/e ,el* %)erlay material is *esi(ne* t% trans+er t/e l%a* a'r%ss t/e base materialI,el* %)erlay
+usi%n line. impa't testin( %+ t/e ,el* %)erlay an* HAU s/all be per+%rme* Ci-e- ,/en t/e %)erlay is a part %+
a butt G%int %r a'ts as a transiti%n bet,een a '%rr%si%n resistant all%y an* a -6nIl%, all%y steel4-
4)# Testin( s/all be ,it/ t/e n%t'/ in t/e %)erlay ,el* metal. FB. FBW" mm an* FBW= mm in t/e base
material-
4)5 T/e a)era(e an* sin(le /arpy V-n%t'/ t%u(/ness at ea'/ p%siti%n s/all n%t be less t/an spe'i+ie* +%r t/e
base material- @/en *i++erent steel (ra*es are G%ine*. a series %+ impa't tests s/all be '%nsi*ere* in t/e HAU
%n ea'/ si*e %+ t/e G%int- T/e ,el* metal s/all meet t/e m%re strin(ent ener(y re2uirement-
%orrosion testing of weld overlay
4)& %rr%si%n testin( an* mi'r%stru'ture e:aminati%n %+ stainless steel an* ni'&el base ,el* %)erlay
materials s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
F #** Tes%ing !+ (in 6raCing an" al'$in!%her$ic 1el"s
!lectrical resistance
#*) T/e ele'tri'al resistan'e %+ ea'/ test ,el*IbraJin( s/all n%t e:'ee* 0-1 O/m-
$echanical strength
#*4 Ea'/ test ,el*IbraJin( s/all be se'urely +i:e* an* teste* ,it/ a s/arp bl%, +r%m a 1-0 &( /ammer- T/e
,el*IbraJin( s/all ,it/stan* t/e /ammer bl%, an* remain +irmly atta'/e* t% t/e base material an* s/%, n%
si(n %+ tearin( %r 'ra'&in(-
%opper penetration
#*8 " test spe'imens s/all t/e se'ti%ne* trans)erse t% t/e an%*e lea* an* " test spe'imens parallel ,it/ t/e
an%*e lea*- T/e +usi%n line %+ t/e ,el*IbraJin( s/all at any p%int n%t be m%re t/an 1-0 mm bel%, t/e base
material sur+a'e- Inter(ranular '%pper penetrati%n %+ t/e base material s/all n%t at any p%int e:ten* bey%n* 0-=
mm +r%m t/e +usi%n line-
1ardness
#*4 HV10 /ar*ness tests s/all be ma*e %n ea'/ %+ t/e spe'imens +%r '%pper penetrati%n measurements-
#*# T/e ma:imum /ar*ness s/all n%t e:'ee* t/e limits (i)en in F#1" as appli'able +%r t/e inten*e* ser)i'e
an* type %+ material-
Pull test
#*5 T/e spe'imen s/all brea& in t/e 'able-
F 5** Tes%ing !+ 1el"s +!r %e$(!rar7 an" (er$anen% a%%ach$en%s an" 6ranch !'%le% +i%%ings %!
line(i(e
5*) @el*s s/all be teste* t% t/e e:tent re2uire* in E>00 an* meet t/e rele)ant re2uirements (i)en in F#00
ab%)e-
G. Wel"ing an" 9WHT Re<'ire$en%s
G )** General
)*) All ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* usin( t/e type %+ ,el*in( e2uipment an* un*er t/e '%n*iti%ns t/at are
representati)e +%r t/e ,%r&in( en)ir%nment *urin( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in(-
)*4 Pre-2uali+i'ati%n testin( s/all be per+%rme* +%r ,el*in( systems ,/ere t/e %ntra't%r /as limite*
pre)i%us e:perien'e. %r ,/ere t/e system ,ill be use* un*er ne, '%n*iti%ns- All ,el*in( e2uipment s/all be
maintaine* in (%%* '%n*iti%n in %r*er t% ensure t/e 2uality %+ t/e ,el*ment-
)*8 All ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* un*er '%ntr%lle* '%n*iti%ns ,it/ a*e2uate pr%te'ti%n +r%m *etrimental
en)ir%nmental in+luen'e su'/ as /umi*ity. *ust. *rau(/t an* lar(e temperature )ariati%ns-
)*4 All instruments s/all /a)e )ali* 'alibrati%n 'erti+i'ates an* t/e a*e2ua'y %+ any '%ntr%l s%+t,are s/all
be *%'umente*-
)*# @el*in( an* ,el*in( super)isi%n s/all be 'arrie* %ut by pers%nnel 2uali+ie* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e
re2uirements (i)en in !"00-
G 4** 9r!"'c%i!n 1el"ing= general re<'ire$en%s
4*) All ,el*in( s/all be 'arrie* %ut stri'tly in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e a''epte* ,el*in( pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n
an* t/e re2uirements in t/is subse'ti%n- I+ any parameter is '/an(e* %utsi*e t/e limits %+ t/e essential )ariables.
t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure s/all be re-spe'i+ie* an* re-2uali+ie*- Essential )ariables an* )ariati%n limits are
spe'i+ie* in DF00-
4*4 T/e preparati%n %+ be)el +a'es s/all be per+%rme* by a(ree* met/%*s- T/e +inal (r%%)e '%n+i(urati%n
s/all be as spe'i+ie* in t/e @PS an* ,it/in t/e t%leran'es in t/e @PS-
4*8 A+ter 'uttin( %+ pipe %r plate material +%r ne, be)el preparati%n. a ne, laminati%n '/e'& by ultras%ni'
an* ma(neti' parti'leI*ye penetrant testin( s/%ul* be per+%rme*- Pr%)i*e* it 'an be *em%nstrate* t/at t/e 'ut
/as been ma*e insi*e a J%ne ,/ere a laminati%n '/e'& ,as per+%rme* at t/e plateIpipe mill. t/e '/e'& may be
%mitte*- Pr%'e*ures +%r ultras%ni' an* ma(neti' parti'leI*ye penetrant testin( an* a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be
in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D-
4*4 F%r ,el*in( pr%'esses usin( s/iel*in(. ba'&in( an* plasma (ases. t/e (as 'lassi+i'ati%n m%isture '%ntent
an* *e, p%int s/all be '/e'&e* pri%r t% start %+ ,el*in(- 3ases in *ama(e* '%ntainers %r %+ 2uesti%nable
'%mp%siti%n. purity an* *e, p%int s/all n%t be use*- All (as supply lines s/all be inspe'te* +%r *ama(e %n a
*aily basis- All (as supply lines s/all be pur(e* be+%re t/e ,el*in( is starte*-
4*# T/e ,el* be)el s/all be +ree +r%m m%isture. %il. (rease. rust. 'arb%nise* material. '%atin( et'-. ,/i'/ may
a++e't t/e ,el* 2uality-
4*5 T/e ali(nment %+ t/e abuttin( en*s s/all be a*Guste* t% minimise misali(nment- 6isali(nment s/all n%t
e:'ee* t/e t%leran'es in t/e @PS-
4*& T/e ,el* area s/all be /eate* t% t/e minimum pre/eat temperature spe'i+ie* in t/e @PS- Pre-/eatin(
s/all als% be per+%rme* ,/ene)er m%isture is present %r may '%n*ense in t/e ,el* area an*I%r ,/en t/e
ambient temperature %r material temperature is bel%, =
]
- @el*in( bel%, "0] s/%ul* n%t be per+%rme*-
4*2 @/en pre-/eatin( is applie* pri%r t% ,el*in(. in'lu*in( ta'& ,el*in(. t/e pre-/eatin( temperature s/all
be measure* at a *istan'e %+ minimum <= mm +r%m t/e e*(es %+ t/e (r%%)e at t/e %pp%site si*e %+ t/e /eatin(
s%ur'e ,/en pra'ti'ally p%ssible- I+ t/is is n%t p%ssible. t/e a*e2ua'y %+ t/e per+%rme* measurement s/all be
*em%nstrate*-
4*: Ta'& ,el*in( s/all %nly be per+%rme* i+ 2uali+ie* *urin( ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n- T/e minimum
ta'& ,el* len(t/ is "t %r 100 mm. ,/i'/e)er is lar(er- Temp%rary ta'& ,el*s usin( bri*(in( %r bullets s/all
%nly be per+%rme* usin( materials e2ui)alent t% t/e base material an* usin( a @PS base* %n a 2uali+ie*
,el*in( pr%'e*ure- All su'/ ta'& ,el*s an* any spa'er ,e*(es s/all be rem%)e* +r%m t/e +inal ,el*ment- Ta'&
,el*s t% be +use* int% t/e ,el* s/all be ma*e in t/e ,el* (r%%)e %nly an* t/e en*s %+ t/e ta'& ,el*s s/all /a)e
t/eir en*s (r%un* an* +eat/ere* an* e:amine* +%r 'ra'&s by an a*e2uate NDT met/%*- De+e'ti)e ta'& ,el*s
s/all be rem%)e* %r repaire* pri%r t% pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(-
4)* Rem%)al %+ ta'& ,el*s s/all be by (rin*in( an* 'leanin( +%ll%,e* by e:aminati%n %+ t/e (r%un* area by
)isual inspe'ti%n- @/ere temp%rary ta'& ,el*s are rem%)e*. t/e be)el '%n+i(urati%n an* r%%t (aps spe'i+ie* in
t/e @PS s/all be maintaine* +%r t/e subse2uent pass an* t/e (r%%)e )isually inspe'te* pri%r t% resumin(
,el*in( %+ t/e r%%t pass-
4)) T/e interpass temperature s/all be measure* at t/e e*(e %+ t/e (r%%)e imme*iately pri%r t% startin( t/e
+%ll%,in( pass- F%r multi t%r'/ bu(s. t/e interpass temperature is *e+ine* as t/e temperature in +r%nt %+ t/e +irst
,ire %n ea'/ bu(-
4)4 Eart/ '%nne'ti%ns s/all be se'urely atta'/e* t% a)%i* ar' burns an* e:'essi)e resistan'e /eatin(-
@el*in( %+ eart/ '%nne'ti%ns t% t/e ,%r& pie'e is n%t permitte*-
4)8 T/e number %+ ,el*ers an* t/e ,el* se2uen'e s/all be sele'te* in %r*er t% 'ause minimum *ist%rti%n %+
t/e pipeline %r t/e '%mp%nents-
4)4 Start an* st%p p%ints s/all be *istribute* %)er a len(t/ %+ ,el* an* n%t Ssta'&e*T in t/e same area-
4)# @el*in( ar's s/all be stru'& %n t/e +usi%n +a'es %nly- @el* repair %+ base material a++e'te* by stray ar's
is n%t permitte*-
4)5 Ar' burns s/all be repaire* by me'/ani'al rem%)al %+ a++e'te* base material +%ll%,e* by NDT t% )eri+y
absen'e %+ 'ra'&s an* ultras%ni' ,all t/i'&ness measurements t% )eri+y t/at t/e remainin( material t/i'&ness
is n%t bel%, t/e minimum all%,e*-
4)& Sur+a'e sla( 'lusters. sur+a'e p%r%sity an* /i(/ p%ints s/all be rem%)e* by (rin*in( an* t/e ,el* )isually
inspe'te* pri%r t% *ep%siti%n %+ t/e ne:t ,el* pass-
4)2 A+ter ,el* '%mpleti%n. all spatter. s'ales. sla(. p%r%sity. irre(ularities an* e:trane%us matter %n t/e ,el*
an* t/e a*Ga'ent area s/all be rem%)e*- T/e 'leane* area s/all be su++i'ient +%r t/e subse2uent NDT- Peenin(
is n%t permitte*-
4): @el*in( s/all n%t be interrupte* be+%re t/e G%int /as su++i'ient stren(t/ t% a)%i* plasti' yiel*in( an*
'ra'&in( *urin( /an*lin(- Pri%r t% restart a+ter an interrupti%n. pre/eatin( t% t/e minimum interpass
temperature %+ t/e pass in 2uesti%n s/all be applie*-
44* @el*s s/all %nly be le+t un-'%mplete* i+ una)%i*able- @el*in( %+ +ittin(s s/all al,ays be '%mplete*
,it/%ut interrupti%n- I+ ,el*in( is interrupte* *ue t% pr%*u'ti%n restraints. t/e minimum number %+ passes
spe'i+ie* in t/e @PS s/all be '%mplete* be+%re st%ppin( ,el*in(- I+ t/e @PS *%es n%t spe'i+y a minimum
number %+ passes. at least # passes %r /al+ t/e t/i'&ness %+ t/e G%int s/%ul* be '%mplete* be+%re t/e ,el*in( is
interrupte*- @/en interrupti%n %+ ,el*in( is imp%se* by pr%*u'ti%n restraints. interrupte* ,el*s s/all be
,rappe* in *ry insulatin( material an* all%,e* t% '%%l in a sl%, an* uni+%rm manner- !e+%re restartin( ,el*in(
%+ an interrupte* ,el*. t/e G%int s/all be re/eate* t% t/e interpass temperature re'%r*e* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n %+
t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure-
44) 6a:imum r%%t (ap +%r +illet ,el*s s/%ul* be " mm- @/ere t/e r%%t (ap is _ " mm but = mm. t/is s/all
be '%mpensate* by in'reasin( t/e t/r%at t/i'&ness %n t/e +illet ,el* by 0-< mm +%r ea'/ mm bey%n* " mm (ap-
@el*in( %+ +illet ,el*s ,it/ r%%t (ap _ = mm is subGe't t% repair base* %n an a(ree* pr%'e*ure-
G 8** Re(air 1el"ing= general re<'ire$en%s
8*) T/e all%,able repairs an* re-repairs are (i)en in Table -< an* are limite* t% %ne repair in t/e same area-
Repeate* repairs s/all be subGe't t% a(reement an* are limite* t% %ne repeate* repair %+ a pre)i%usly repaire* area-
8*4 Repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ures s/all be 2uali+ie* t% t/e e:tent t/at su'/ repairs are +easible an* appli'able
+%r t/e repair situati%n in 2uesti%n- 5uali+i'ati%n %+ repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ures *en%te* Si+ a(ree*S. nee* %nly
be *%ne i+ per+%rmin( su'/ repairs is a(ree* an* are +easible +%r t/e repair situati%n in 2uesti%n-
8*8 ellul%si' '%ate* ele'tr%*es s/all n%t be use* +%r repair ,el*in(-
8*4 Repair ,el*in( %+ 'ra'&s is n%t permitte* unless t/e 'ause %+ 'ra'&in( by te'/ni'al e)aluati%n /as been
establis/e* n%t t% be a systemati' ,el*in( err%r C'ra'&s in t/e ,el* is 'ause +%r reGe'ti%n4-
8*# De+e'ts in t/e base material s/all be repaire* by (rin*in( %nly-
8*5 De+e'ti)e ,el*s t/at 'ann%t be repaire* ,it/ (rin*in( %nly may be repaire* l%'ally by ,el*in(- Repair
,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ a 2uali+ie* repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ure- F%r ,el*in( pr%'esses
applyin( lar(e ,el* p%%ls. e-(- multi-ar' ,el*in( systems. any uninten*e* ar'-st%ps s/all be '%nsi*ere* as *e+e'ts-
8*& @el* seams may %nly be repaire* t,i'e in t/e same area. i+ a(ree*- Repeate* repairs %+ t/e r%%t in sin(le
si*e* ,el*s are n%t permitte*. unless spe'i+i'ally 2uali+ie* an* a''epte* in ea'/ 'ase- @el* repairs s/all be
(r%un* t% mer(e sm%%t/ly int% t/e %ri(inal ,el* '%nt%ur-
8*2 Repairs %+ t/e r%%t pass in a sin(le-si*e* G%int +%r material meetin( H
"
S ser)i'e re2uirements s/all be
'arrie* %ut un*er '%nstant super)isi%n-
8*: A l%'al ,el* repair s/all be at least =0 mm l%n( %r ; times t/e material t/i'&ness. ,/i'/e)er is l%n(est-
A len(t/ at t/e b%tt%m %+ t/e e:'a)ati%n is =0 mm may be a''eptable i+ t/e taper re2uire* in 3#10 (i)es
a*e2uate a''ess +%r ,el*in(-
8)* T/e e:'a)ate* p%rti%n %+ t/e ,el* s/all be lar(e en%u(/ t% ensure '%mplete rem%)al %+ t/e *e+e't. an*
t/e en*s an* si*es %+ t/e e:'a)ati%n s/all /a)e a (ra*ual taper +r%m t/e b%tt%m %+ t/e e:'a)ati%n t% t/e sur+a'e-
De+e'ts 'an be rem%)e* by (rin*in(. ma'/inin( %r air-ar' (%u(in(- Air-ar' (%u(in( s/all be '%ntr%lle* by a
*%'umente* pr%'e*ure in'lu*in( t/e all%,e* )ariables a''%r*in( t% A@S =-#- I+ air-ar' (%u(in( is use*. t/e
last # mm t/r%u(/ t/e r%%t %+ t/e ,el* s/all be rem%)e* by me'/ani'al means an* t/e ,/%le e:'a)ate* area
s/all be (r%un* t% rem%)e any 'arb%n enri'/e* J%nes- T/e ,i*t/ an* t/e pr%+ile %+ t/e e:'a)ati%n s/all be
su++i'ient t% ensure a*e2uate a''ess +%r re-,el*in(- %mplete rem%)al %+ t/e *e+e't s/all be '%n+irme* by
ma(neti' parti'le testin(. %r by *ye penetrant testin( +%r n%n +err%ma(neti' materials- Resi*uals +r%m t/e NDT
s/all be rem%)e* pri%r t% re-,el*in(-
8)) @el* repairs s/all be (r%un* t% mer(e sm%%t/ly int% t/e %ri(inal ,el* '%nt%ur-
8)4 Repair by ,el*in( a+ter +inal /eat treatment is n%t permitte*-
8)8 A minimum li(ament %+ > mm is re2uire* +%r partial t/i'&ness repair-
Ta6le C-& T7(es !+ 1el" re(airs
Type of repair
Type of material
%($n and low
alloy steel
<K%r $SS %lad/lined %R)/uple" SS <0
T/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repair Permitte* Permitte* I+ a(ree* I+ a(ree*
Partial t/i'&ness repair Permitte* Permitte* Permitte* Permitte*
In-pr%'ess r%%t repair Permitte* Permitte* Permitte* Permitte*
Sin(le pass 'ap repair Permitte* Permitte* Permitte* Permitte*
Sin(le pass r%%t sealin( repair I+ a(ree* I+ a(ree* I+ a(ree* I+ a(ree*
T/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repeate* repair I+ a(ree* N%t permitte* N%t permitte* N%t permitte*
Partial t/i'&ness repeate* repair I+ a(ree* N%t permitte* N%t permitte* N%t permitte*
In-pr%'ess r%%t repeate* repair N%t permitte* N%t permitte* N%t permitte* N%t permitte*
Sin(le pass 'ap repeate* repair N%t permitte* N%t permitte* N%t permitte* N%t permitte*
Sin(le pass r%%t sealin( repeate* repair N%t permitte* N%t permitte* N%t permitte* N%t permitte*
N%te
14 Pr%)i*e* s%luti%n annealin( is per+%rme* a+ter ,el*in(. all repairs are all%,e*-
G 4** 9!s% 1el" hea% %rea%$en%
4*) @el*s s/all be subGe'te* t% P@HT as spe'i+ie* in t/e p@PS %r @PS an* t% a *%'umente* pr%'e*ure-
4*4 P%st ,el* /eat treatment s/all be per+%rme* +%r ,el*e* G%ints %+ -6n an* l%, all%y steel /a)in( a
n%minal ,all t/i'&ness ab%)e =0 mm. unless +ra'ture t%u(/ness testin( s/%,s a''eptable )alues in t/e as
,el*e* '%n*iti%n- In 'ases ,/ere t/e minimum *esi(n temperature is less t/an -10]. t/e t/i'&ness limit s/all
be spe'ially *etermine*-
4*8 I+ p%st ,el* /eat treatment is use* t% %btain a*e2uate resistan'e %+ ,el*e* G%ints a(ainst sulp/i*e stress
'ra'&in(. t/is s/all be per+%rme* +%r all t/i'&nesses-
4*4 @/ene)er p%ssible. P@HT s/all be 'arrie* %ut by pla'in( t/e ,el*e* assembly in an en'l%se* +urna'e-
Re2uirements t% P@HT in an en'l%se* +urna'e are (i)en in Se'-F D=00-
4*# I+ P@HT in an en'l%se* +urna'e is n%t pra'ti'al. l%'al P@HT s/all be per+%rme* by means %+ ele'tri'
resistan'e /eatin( mats %r %t/er met/%*s as a(ree* %r spe'i+ie*- T/e P@HT s/all '%)er a ban* %)er t/e entire
len(t/ %+ t/e ,el*- T/e ban* s/all be 'entre* %n t/e ,el* an* t/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e /eate* ban* s/all n%t be less t/an
= times t/e t/i'&ness %+ t/e t/i'&er '%mp%nent in t/e assembly-
4*5 Temperatures s/%ul* be measure* by t/erm%'%uples in e++e'ti)e '%nta't ,it/ t/e material an* at a
number %+ l%'ati%ns t% m%nit%r t/at t/e ,/%le len(t/ %+ t/e ,el* is /eate* ,it/in t/e spe'i+ie* temperature
ran(e- In a**iti%n temperature measurements s/all be ma*e t% '%n+irm t/at un*esire* temperature (ra*ients *%
n%t %''ur-
4*& Insulati%n s/all be pr%)i*e* i+ ne'essary t% ensure t/at t/e temperature %+ t/e ,el* an* t/e HAU is n%t
less t/an t/e temperature spe'i+ie* in t/e p@PS %r @PS- T/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e insulati%n s/all be su++i'ient t%
ensure t/at t/e material temperature at t/e e*(e %+ t/e insulati%n is less t/an #00]-
4*2 T/e rate %+ /eatin( +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steels ab%)e #00] s/all n%t e:'ee* ==00It E Z /
1
an* t/e
rate %+ '%%lin( ,/ile ab%)e #00] s/all n%t e:'ee* >F<=It ] Z /
1
,it/ t e:presse* in mm- Durin( /eatin( an*
'%%lin( at temperatures ab%)e #00] t/e temperature )ariati%n s/all n%t e:'ee* #=
]
in any ,el* len(t/ %+
1000 mm-
T/e /%l*in( time at temperature s/%ul* be minimum #0 minutes W"-= minutes per mm t/i'&ness- !el%, #00]
t/e '%%lin( may ta&e pla'e in still air-
4*: T/e /%l*in( temperature +%r -6n l%, all%y steels s/%ul* be ,it/in =F0] t% >"0] unless %t/er,ise
spe'i+ie* %r re'%mmen*e* by t/e materialI,el*in( '%nsumable supplier- T/e ma:imum P@HT temperature
+%r 2uen'/e* an* tempere* l%, all%y steels s/all be "=] less t/an t/e temperin( temperature %+ t/e material
as state* in t/e material 'erti+i'ate-
4)* T/e /eat treatment temperature 'y'le '/arts s/all be a)ailable +%r )eri+i'ati%n i+ re2ueste*-
4)) F%r materials %t/er t/an -6n an* l%, all%y steels t/e P@HT /eatin( an* '%%lin( rates. temperature.
an* /%l*in( time s/all be as re'%mmen*e* by t/e material manu+a'turer-
G #** Wel"ing !+ (i(eline gir%h 1el"s
Production welding
#*) T/ese re2uirements apply t% ,el*in( %+ (irt/ ,el*s in pipelines re(ar*less %+ ,/et/er t/e ,el*s are ma*e
%nb%ar* a layin( )essel %r at %t/er l%'ati%ns. %ns/%re %r %++s/%re- 3irt/ ,el*s in e:pansi%n l%%ps. pipe strin(s
+%r reelin( %r t%,in( an* tie-in ,el*s are '%nsi*ere* as pipeline (irt/ ,el*s-
#*4 T/e type %+ ,el*in( e2uipment an* t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure s/all be 2uali+ie* pri%r t% installati%n ,el*in(-
#*8 In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements (i)en in 3100 an* 3"00. t/e re2uirements bel%, s/all apply +%r
pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s-
#*4 !e)els s/all be prepare* by ma'/inin(- !e)ellin( by t/ermal 'uttin( s/all be per+%rme* %nly ,/en
be)ellin( by ma'/inin( is n%t +easible e-(- +%r tie-in an* similar situati%ns- !e)els prepare* by t/ermal 'uttin(
s/all be *resse* t% %btain t/e +inal '%n+i(urati%n- T/e be)ellin( %perat%r s/all '/e'& t/e be)el '%n+i(urati%n
+%r '%mplian'e ,it/ suitable t%%ls %r (au(es at re(ular inter)als-
#*# @/en ,el*s are t% be e:amine* by manual %r aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin(. re+eren'e mar&in( s/all be
ma*e %n b%t/ si*es %+ t/e G%int as a s'ribe* line ar%un* t/e pipe 'ir'um+eren'e- T/e re+eren'e mar&in( s/all be
at a uni+%rm an* &n%,n *istan'e +r%m t/e r%%t +a'e %+ t/e be)el preparati%n- T/e *istan'e +r%m t/e r%%t +a'e
an* t/e t%leran'es s/all be establis/e*. See als% Appen*i: E. !10F an* !1000-
#*5 All pipes s/all be 'leane* %n t/e insi*e t% rem%)e any an* all +%rei(n matters an* *ep%sits in a''%r*an'e
,it/ a *%'umente* pr%'e*ure-
#*& F%r S-lay ,el*in(. l%n(itu*inal ,el*s s/%ul* be l%'ate* in t/e t%p 2ua*rant-
#*2 T/e l%n(itu*inal ,el*s s/all be sta((ere* at least =0 mm- Installati%n (irt/ ,el*s s/%ul* be separate* at
least 1-= pipe *iameters %r =00 mm. ,/i'/e)er is lar(er- F%r tie-in ,el*s. b%t/ ab%)e seabe* an* /yperbari'.
(irt/ ,el*s s/all be separate* by t/e ma:imum p%ssible *istan'e-
#*: E:'essi)e misali(nment may be '%rre'te* by /y*rauli' %r s're, type 'lamps- Hammerin( %r /eatin( +%r
'%rre'ti%n %+ misali(nment is n%t permitte*- R%%t (aps s/all be e)en ar%un* t/e 'ir'um+eren'e- T/e +inal +it-
up s/all be '/e'&e* ,it/ spa'er t%%ls pri%r t% en(a(in( line-up 'lamps %r ta'& ,el*in(-
#)* T/e use %+ mitre ,el*s t% '%rre't an(ular misali(nment %+ m%re t/an # *e(rees is n%t permitte*- A series
%+ up t% # *e(rees misali(nments are n%t all%,e* t% +%rm a ben*-
#)) P%,er %perate* internal line-up 'lamps s/all be use* ,/ene)er p%ssible-
Internal line-up 'lamps s/all n%t be release* unless t/e pipe is +ully supp%rte* %n ea'/ si*e %+ t/e G%int-
E:ternal line-up 'lamps s/all n%t be rem%)e* unless t/e pipe is +ully supp%rte* %n ea'/ si*e %+ t/e G%int an*
n%t be+%re t/e '%mplete* parts %+ t/e r%%t pass meet t/e re2uirements t% len(t/ %+ ea'/ se'ti%n. t/e spa'in( %+
t/e se'ti%ns. t/e number %+ se'ti%ns an* t/e per'enta(e %+ 'ir'um+eren'e re2uire* by t/e @PS-
#)4 Bine-up 'lamps s/%ul* n%t be rem%)e* be+%re t/e +irst t,% passes are '%mplete*- F%r sp%%l base ,el*in(
t/e internal line up 'lamps may be rem%)e* a+ter '%mpletin( r%%t pass ,/en pipe is supp%rte* by r%llers t%
ensure a sm%%t/ trans+er +r%m stati%n t% stati%n- Re+eren'e is (i)en t% Se'-10 E"0# re(ar*in( m%)in( %+ pipe
*urin( installati%n ,el*in(-
#)8 I+ 'ables are present insi*e t/e pipeline. e-(- bu'&le *ete't%r 'ables. an* ra*i%(rap/i' testin( is use*. t/e
starts an* st%ps s/all be ma*e a,ay +r%m t/e si: %N'l%'& p%siti%n t% a)%i* mas&in( %+ starts an* st%ps %n
ra*i%(rap/s-
#)4 %pper '%nta't tips an* ba'&in( strips s/all be '/e'&e* %n a re(ular basis +%r *ama(e t/at '%ul*
intr%*u'e '%pper '%ntaminati%n in ,el*s- Dama(e* '%nta't tips an* ba'&in( strips s/all be repla'e*-
#)# Pr%'e*ures s/all be establis/e* +%r pre-'leanin(. in pr%'ess 'leanin( an* p%st 'leanin( %+ ,el*s-
#)5 I+ a pipe is t% be 'ut +%r any reas%n. t/e 'ut s/all be at a minimum *istan'e %+ "= mm +r%m t/e ,el* t%e-
It is a''eptable t% 'ut less t/an "= mm pr%)i*in( it 'an be *%'umente* by ma'r%(rap/ t/at t/e entire HAU /as
been rem%)e*-
#)& T/e r%%t an* t/e +irst +iller pass s/all be '%mplete* at t/e +irst ,el*in( stati%n be+%re m%)in( t/e pipe-
6%)in( t/e pipe at an earlier sta(e may be permitte* i+ an analysis *em%nstrates t/at t/e pipe 'an be m%)e*
,it/%ut any ris& %+ intr%*u'in( *ama(e t% t/e *ep%site* ,el* metal- F%r sp%%l base ,el*in( t/e pipe may be
m%)e* a+ter '%mpletin( r%%t pass ,/en pipe is supp%rte* by r%llers t% ensure a sm%%t/ trans+er +r%m stati%n t%
stati%n- See Se'-10 E"0#-
Repair welding
#)2 In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements (i)en in 3#00 t/e bel%, re2uirements s/all apply +%r repair ,el*in( %+
pipeline (irt/ ,el*s-
#): F%r t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repairs ,/ere t/e *e+e'ts t% be repaire* are less t/an 100 mm apart. t/ey s/all be
'%nsi*ere* an* repaire* as %ne '%ntinu%us *e+e't-
#4* T/e l%'ati%n %+ repair %+ burn t/r%u(/ an* %t/er in pr%'ess r%%t repairs s/all be mar&e* %n t/e %utsi*e %+
t/e pipe t% in+%rm NDT pers%nnel t/at a r%%t repair /as been ma*e-
#4) I+ t/e pipe an* t/e area %+ repair is n%t e:p%se* t% ben*in( an*I%r a:ial stresses at t/e repair l%'ati%n ,/en
per+%rmin( a repair. t/e len(t/ %+ a repair e:'a)ati%n s/all n%t e:'ee* #0L %+ t/e pipe 'ir'um+eren'e +%r partial
penetrati%n repairs an* "0L %+ t/e pipe 'ir'um+eren'e +%r t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness repairs-
#44 B%n( *e+e'ts may re2uire repair in se)eral steps t% a)%i* yiel*in( an* 'ra'&in(- T/e ma:imum len(t/ %+
all%,able repair steps s/all be 'al'ulate* base* %n t/e ma:imum stresses present in t/e G%int *urin( t/e repair
%perati%n. an* s/all n%t e:'ee* F0L %+ S6RS-
#48 I+ t/e repair is per+%rme* at a l%'ati%n ,/ere t/e pipe an* t/e area %+ repair is e:p%se* t% ben*in( an*
a:ial stresses t/e all%,able len(t/ %+ t/e repair e:'a)ati%n s/all be *etermine* by 'al'ulati%ns. see Se'-10 E"0"
an* E"0#-
#44 I+ repairs 'an n%t be e:e'ute* a''%r*in( t% t/e re2uirements ab%)e. %r are n%t per+%rme* su''ess+ully.
t/e ,el* s/all be 'ut %ut-
#4# Full re'%r*s %+ all repairs. in'lu*in( in-pr%'ess r%%t repairs. s/all be maintaine*-
Production tests
#45 Pr%*u'ti%n tests s/all be per+%rme* in a manner ,/i'/. as +ar as p%ssible. repr%*u'es t/e a'tual ,el*in(.
an* '%)ers t/e ,el*in( %+ a su++i'ient lar(e pipe se'ti%n in t/e rele)ant p%siti%n- All ,el*in( stati%ns %n t/e
pr%*u'ti%n line s/all be use* t% pr%*u'e t/e pr%*u'ti%n test ,el*- Pr%*u'ti%n ,el*s 'ut %ut *ue t% NDT +ailure
may be use*-
#4& Pr%*u'ti%n tests s/%ul* be per+%rme* +%r ea'/ @el*in( Pr%'e*ure Spe'i+i'ati%n C@PS4 use* +%r ,el*in(
%+ t/e pipeline (irt/ ,el*s- All ,el*in( stati%nsIpr%*u'ti%ns lines s/all be '%)ere*- Pr%*u'ti%n tests s/%ul* be
per+%rme* as early as p%ssible in t/e '%nstru'ti%n p/ase. e-(- ,it/in t/e +irst 100 ,el*s-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Pr%*u'ti%n tests als% applies t% ,el*in( %ns/%re +%r e-(- installati%n by reelin(- Pr%*u'ti%n tests may als% be
per+%rme* %n t/e )essel pri%r t% start installati%n ,el*in(. e-(- ,/en t/e )essel is m%)in( t% t/e pipelayin( start
*estinati%n-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
#42 Pr%*u'ti%n tests s/%ul* n%t be re2uire* +%r ,el*in( pr%'e*ures 2uali+ie* spe'i+i'ally +%r tie-in ,el*s.
+lan(e ,el*s. Tee-pie'e ,el*s et'-
#4: T/e e:tent %+ pr%*u'ti%n tests s/all be e:pan*e* i+0
1 t/e %ntra't%r /as limite* pre)i%us e:perien'e ,it/ t/e ,el*in( e2uipment an* ,el*in( met/%*s use*
1 t/e ,el*in( inspe'ti%n per+%rme* is +%un* t% be ina*e2uate
1 se)ere *e+e'ts %''ur repeate*ly
1 any %t/er in'i*ent in*i'ates ina*e2uate ,el*in( per+%rman'e
1 t/e installe* pipeline is n%t subGe'te* t% system pressure testin(. see Se'-= !"0"-
#8* T/e e:tent %+ pr%*u'ti%n testin( s/all be '%nsistent ,it/ t/e inspe'ti%n an* test re(ime an* p/il%s%p/y
%+ t/e pipeline pr%Ge't-
#8) Pr%*u'ti%n tests s/all be subGe't t% t/e n%n-*estru'ti)e. ma'r%. /ar*ness. all ,el* tensile. /arpy V-
n%t'/ +ra'ture t%u(/ness C,/en appli'able4 testin( as re2uire* in Appen*i: +%r @el*in( Pr%'e*ure
5uali+i'ati%n Testin( C@P5T4-
#84 I+ pr%*u'ti%n tests s/%, una''eptable results. appr%priate '%rre'ti)e an* pre)entati)e a'ti%ns s/all be
initiate* an* t/e e:tent %+ pr%*u'ti%n testin( s/all be in'rease*-
G 5** Wel"ing an" 9WHT !+ (i(eline c!$(!nen%s
5*) T/e 6anu+a'turer s/all be 'apable %+ pr%*u'in( pipeline '%mp%nents %+ t/e re2uire* 2uality-
5*4 @el*in( an* P@HT s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 3100 t/r%u(/ 3;00 ab%)e-
5*8 Pr%*u'ti%n tests s/all be per+%rme* in a manner ,/i'/. as +ar as p%ssible. repr%*u'es t/e a'tual ,el*in(.
an* '%)ers t/e ,el*in( %+ a su++i'ient lar(e test se'ti%n in t/e rele)ant p%siti%n- All ,el*in( stati%ns %n t/e
pr%*u'ti%n line s/all be use* t% pr%*u'e t/e pr%*u'ti%n test ,el*- Pr%*u'ti%n ,el*s 'ut %ut *ue t% NDT +ailure
may be use*-
H. Ma%erial an" 9r!cess S(eci+ic Re<'ire$en%s
H )** ;n%ernall7 cla"Hline" car6!n s%eel an" "'(le, s%ainless s%eel
6PS
)*) In a**iti%n t% t/e appli'able *ata (i)en in Table -1. t/e @PS s/all spe'i+y t/e +%ll%,in(. as re'%r*e*
*urin( t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n0
1 t/e minimum time peri%* %+ ba'&in( (as appli'ati%n pri%r t% start %+ ,el*in(
1 t/e minimum time peri%* %+ ba'&in( (as appli'ati%n *urin( ,el*in(
1 t/e minimum time peri%* %+ ba'&in( (as appli'ati%n a+ter ,el*in(
1 *es'ripti%n %+ t/e ba'&-pur(e *am type an* met/%*-
!ssential variables
)*4 T/e +%ll%,in( essential )ariables s/all apply in a**iti%n t% t/%se in Table -"0
1 any re*u'ti%n %+ t/e time %+ ba'&in( (as appli'ati%n pri%r t% start %+ ,el*in(
1 any re*u'ti%n in t/e number %+ passes '%mplete* be+%re st%ppin( ba'&-pur(in(-
6elding consumables for clad/lined carbon steel
)*8 F%r sin(le si*e* C+iel*4 G%ints. t/e same type %+ ,el*in( '%nsumable s/%ul* be use* +%r all passes nee*e*
t% '%mplete t/e G%int- Alternati)e ,el*in( '%nsumables may be '%nsi*ere* +%r +ill an* 'appin( passes a+ter
*ep%sitin( a ,el* t/i'&ness n%t less t/an " times t/i'&ness %+ t/e 'la**in(Ilinin(- T/e alternati)e ,el*in(
'%nsumables s/all be *%'umente* t% be '%mpatible ,it/ t/e ,el*in( '%nsumables use* +%r t/e r%%t area. t/e
base material an* t/e appli'able ser)i'e '%n*iti%ns- @el*in( '%nsumables +%r 'la*Ilinin( s/all be se(re(ate*
+r%m '%nsumables +%r -6n steel-
6elding consumables for duple" steel
)*4 @el*in( '%nsumables ,it/ en/an'e* ni'&el an* nitr%(en '%ntent s/all be use* unless +ull /eat treatment
a+ter ,el*in( is per+%rme*- Su++i'ient a**iti%n %+ material +r%m t/e ,el*in( '%nsumables is essential +%r
,el*in( %+ t/e r%%t pass an* t/e t,% subse2uent passes- @el*in( '%nsumables s/all be se(re(ate* +r%m
'%nsumables +%r -6n steel-
-ac.ing and shielding gases
)*# !a'&in( an* s/iel*in( (ases s/all n%t '%ntain /y*r%(en an* s/all /a)e a *e, p%int n%t /i(/er t/an -#0]-
T/e %:y(en '%ntent %+ t/e ba'&in( (as s/%ul* be less t/an 0-1L *urin( ,el*in( %+ t/e r%%t pass- !a'&in( (as
s/all be use* +%r ,el*in( %+ r%%t pass an* su''ee*in( passes- CE:'epti%n +r%m t/is re2uirement may be tie-in
,el*s ,/en sti'& ele'tr%*es are use* +%r r%%t bea* ,el*in(. subGe't t% a(reement-4
Production
)*5 @el*in( %+ 'la*Iline* 'arb%n steel an* *uple: stainless steel may be per+%rme* by t/e ,el*in( pr%'esses
liste* in A"00- T/e ,el*in( s/all be *%uble si*e* ,/ene)er p%ssible- @el*in( %+ t/e r%%t pass in sin(le si*e*
G%ints ,ill (enerally re2uire ,el*in( ,it/ 3as Tun(sten Ar' @el*in( C3TA@ I 1;14 %r 3as 6etal Ar' @el*in(
C36A@ I 1#=4-
)*& Ons/%re +abri'ati%n %+ 'la*Iline* 'arb%n steel an* *uple: stainless steel s/all be per+%rme* in a
,%r&s/%p. %r part t/ere%+. ,/i'/ is reser)e* e:'lusi)ely +%r t/is type %+ material- Durin( all sta(es %+
manu+a'turin(. '%ntaminati%n %+ RA an* *uple: steel ,it/ 'arb%n steel an* Jin' s/all be a)%i*e*- Dire't
'%nta't %+ t/e RA ,it/ 'arb%n steel %r (al)anise* /an*lin( e2uipment Ce-(- /%%&s. belts. r%lls. et'-4 s/all be
a)%i*e*- T%%ls su'/ as eart/in( 'lamps. brus/es et'. s/all be stainless steel suitable +%r ,%r&in( %n type %+
material in 2uesti%n an* n%t pre)i%usly use* +%r 'arb%n steel- %ntaminati%n %+ ,el* be)els an* surr%un*in(
areas ,it/ ir%n an* l%, meltin( p%int metals su'/ as '%pper. Jin'. et'- is n%t a''eptable- T/e (rin*in( ,/eels
s/all n%t /a)e pre)i%usly been use* +%r 'arb%n steel- Parts %+ internal line-up 'lamps t/at '%me in '%nta't ,it/
t/e material s/all be n%n-metalli' %r %+ a similar all%y as t/e internal pipe sur+a'e- T/ermal 'uttin( s/all be
limite* t% plasma ar' 'uttin(-
)*2 T/e ,el* be)el s/all be prepare* by millin( %r %t/er a(ree* ma'/inin( met/%*s- T/e ,el* be)el an* t/e
internal an* e:ternal pipe sur+a'e up t% a *istan'e %+ at least "= mm +r%m t/e be)els s/all be t/%r%u(/ly 'leane*
,it/ an %r(ani' s%l)ent-
)*: @el*in( '%nsumables s/all be se(re(ate* +r%m '%nsumables +%r -6n I l%, all%y steels-
))* T/e ba'&in( (as '%mp%siti%n s/all be m%nit%re* usin( an %:y(en analyser imme*iately pri%r t% startin(
%r re-startin( ,el*in(- T/e +l%, rate %+ t/e ba'& pur(e (as s/all be a*Guste* t% pre)ent (as turbulen'e an*
p%ssible air entrainment t/r%u(/ %pen ,el* seams-
))) Inter-run 'leanin( s/all be by (rin*in( t% bri(/t. *e+e't +ree material +%r all passes-
))4 Internal /i(/-l%, %+ 'la*Iline* pipes s/all n%t e:'ee* 1 mm unless %t/er,ise 2uali+ie* %r i+ t/e 'la**in(
at pipe en*s /as a t/i'&ness in'rease all%,in( lar(er misali(nment- In any 'ase t/e internal /i(/-l%, s/all n%t
re*u'e t/e t/i'&ness %+ t/e RA bel%, t/e spe'i+ie* t/i'&ness- Internal /i(/-l%, %+ *uple: stainless steel
linepipe s/all n%t e:'ee*e* " mm %r 1L %+ t/e pipe internal *iameter. ,/i'/e)er is less. unless %t/er,ise
2uali+ie*-
))8 @el*s s/all be multipass an* per+%rme* in a '%ntinu%us %perati%n-
))4 T/e interpass temperature s/all be measure* *ire'tly ,/ere a ,el* run ,ill start an* terminate- T/e ,el*
J%ne s/all be &ept bel%, t/e ma:imum interpass temperature be+%re a ,el*in( run is starte*- 8nless p%st ,el*
/eat treatment is per+%rme*. t/e ma:imum interpass temperature s/all n%t e:'ee* 1=0] +%r all RAs-
))# @/en 'la*Iline* -6n linepipe is 'ut an*I%r re-be)elle* a laminati%n '/e'& by t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness
ultras%ni' testin( an* *ye penetrant testin( %n t/e be)el +a'e s/all be per+%rme*- I+ a laminar *is'%ntinuity is
*ete'te* %n t/e be)el +a'e t/e 'la**in(Iliner s/all be rem%)e* an* a seal ,el* s/all be %)erlay ,el*e* at t/e
pipe en*-
)dditional for welding of duple" steel
))5 T/e /eat input must be '%ntr%lle* t% a)%i* *etrimental ,el* '%%lin( rates- F%r %ptimum '%ntr%l %+ t/e
/eat input +aster ,el*in( spee*s an* ass%'iate* /i(/er ,el*in( 'urrent s/%ul* be use*- Strin(er bea*s s/all be
use* t% ensure a '%nstant /eat input. an* any ,ea)in( %+ t/e ,el* bea* s/%ul* be limite* t% ma:imum #P +iller
,ireIele'tr%*e *iameter- F%r (irt/ ,el*s t/e /eat input s/%ul* be &ept ,it/in t/e ran(e 0-= - 1-F &7Imm an*
a)%i*in( t/e /i(/er /eat input +%r small ,all t/i'&nesses- F%r ,all t/i'&ness _ "= mm an* pr%)i*e* p%st ,el*
/eat treatment Cs%luti%n annealin(4 is per+%rme* a ma:imum /eat input %+ "-; &7Imm is a''eptable- F%r t/e r%%t
pass t/e /eat input s/all be /i(/er t/an +%r se'%n* pass- F%r SA@ ,el*in( small *iameter ,ire an* m%*est
,el*in( parameters C/i(/ tra)el spee* an* l%, ar' ener(y4 s/all be use*- T/e *ept/ t% ,i*t/ rati% %+ t/e ,el*
*ep%sit s/all be less t/an 1-0-
))& S%luti%n annealin( p%st ,el* /eat treatment s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 2uali+ie* /eat
treatment pr%'e*ure-
))2 E:'a)ati%n %+ repair (r%%)es s/all be by '/ippin(. (rin*in( %r ma'/inin(- Air-ar' (%u(in( s/all n%t be
use*- Entire ,el*s s/all be rem%)e* by plasma 'uttin( %r ma'/inin(- Repeate* repairs are n%t permitte*-
)): All %perati%ns *urin( ,el*in( s/all be 'arrie* %ut ,it/ a*e2uate e2uipment an*I%r in a pr%te'te*
en)ir%nment t% a)%i* 'arb%n steel '%ntaminati%n %+ t/e '%rr%si%n resistant material- Pr%'e*ures +%r
e:aminati%n %+ sur+a'es an* rem%)al %+ any '%ntaminati%n s/all be prepare*-
H 4** )8Cr Mar%ensi%ic s%ainless s%eel
6PS and essential variables
4*) T/e a**iti%nal *ata +%r t/e @PS an* t/e essential )ariables (i)en in H101 an* H10" als% applies t% 1#r
martensiti' stainless steels-
6elding consumables
4*4 T/e re2uirements t% ba'&in( an* s/iel*in( (ases in H10= als% apply t% 1#r 6SS-
Production
4*8 @el*in( %+ 1#r 6SS may be per+%rme* by t/e ,el*in( pr%'esses liste* in A"00. e:'ept a'ti)e (as
s/iel*e* met/%*s- T/e ,el*in( s/all be *%uble si*e* ,/ene)er p%ssible-
4*4 Durin( all sta(es '%ntaminati%n %+ 1#r 6SS ,it/ 'arb%n steel an* Jin' s/all be a)%i*e*- Dire't '%nta't
,it/ 'arb%n steel %r (al)anise* /an*lin( e2uipment Ce-(- /%%&s. belts. r%lls. et'-4 s/all be a)%i*e*- T%%ls su'/
as eart/in( 'lamps. brus/es et'-. s/all be stainless steel suitable +%r ,%r&in( %n type %+ material in 2uesti%n an*
n%t pre)i%usly use* +%r 'arb%n steel- %ntaminati%n %+ ,el* be)els an* surr%un*in( areas ,it/ ir%n an* l%,
meltin( p%int metals su'/ as '%pper. Jin'. et'- is n%t a''eptable- T/e (rin*in( s/all n%t /a)e pre)i%usly been
use* +%r 'arb%n steel- Parts %+ internal line-up 'lamps t/at '%me in '%nta't ,it/ t/e material s/all be n%n-
metalli' %r %+ a similar all%y as t/e internal pipe sur+a'e- T/ermal 'uttin( s/all be limite* t% plasma ar' 'uttin(-
4*# T/e ,el* be)el s/all be prepare* by millin( %r %t/er a(ree* ma'/inin( met/%*s- T/e ,el* be)el an* t/e
internal an* e:ternal pipe sur+a'e up t% a *istan'e %+ at least "= mm +r%m t/e be)els s/all be t/%r%u(/ly 'leane*
,it/ an %r(ani' s%l)ent-
4*5 @el*in( '%nsumables s/all be se(re(ate* +r%m '%nsumables +%r -6n steel-
4*& T/e ba'&in( (as '%mp%siti%n s/all be m%nit%re* usin( an %:y(en analyser imme*iately pri%r t% startin(
%r re-startin( ,el*in(- are s/all be ta&en t% a*Gust t/e +l%, rate %+ t/e ba'& pur(e (as t% pre)ent (as turbulen'e
an* p%ssible air entrainment t/r%u(/ %pen ,el* seams-
4*2 T/e interpass temperature s/all be measure* *ire'tly at t/e p%ints ,/ere a ,el*in( run ,ill start an*
terminate- T/e ,el* J%ne s/all be bel%, t/e ma:imum interpass temperature be+%re a ,el*in( run is starte*-
T/e ma:imum interpass temperature s/all n%t e:'ee* 1=0
%
-
4*: P@HT Ce-(- = minutes at >#0
%
4 s/%ul* be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e P@HT pr%'e*ure
2uali+ie* *urin( ,el*in( 2uali+i'ati%n-
4)* E:'a)ati%n %+ repair (r%%)es s/all be by '/ippin(. (rin*in( %r ma'/inin(- Air-ar' (%u(in( s/all n%t be
use*- Entire ,el*s s/all be rem%)e* by plasma 'uttin( %r ma'/inin(-
4)) All %perati%ns *urin( ,el*in( s/all be 'arrie* %ut ,it/ a*e2uate e2uipment an*I%r in a pr%te'te*
en)ir%nment t% a)%i* 'arb%n steel '%ntaminati%n %+ t/e '%rr%si%n resistant material- Pr%'e*ures +%r
e:aminati%n %+ sur+a'es an* rem%)al %+ any '%ntaminati%n s/all be prepare*-
H 8** 9in 6raCing an" al'$in!%her$ic 1el"ing
8*) An%*e lea*s may be atta'/e* by pin braJin( %r alumin%t/ermi' ,el*in( a''%r*in( t% 2uali+ie*
pr%'e*ures in'lu*in( +ull *etails %+ t/e te'/ni2ue use* an* ass%'iate* e2uipment-
8ualification of operators
8*4 Operat%rs t/at /a)e per+%rme* a 2uali+ie* pr%'e*ure test are t/ereby 2uali+ie*-
8*8 Ot/er %perat%rs s/all pri%r t% 'arryin( %ut %perati%n ,%r&. ea'/ '%mplete t/ree test pie'es ma*e in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e pr%'e*ure spe'i+i'ati%n un*er realisti' '%n*iti%ns- Ea'/ test pie'e s/all pass t/e test +%r
ele'tri'al resistan'e an* me'/ani'al stren(t/ a''%r*in( t% Table -> an* F=00-
!ssential variables
8*4 Essential )ariables +%r pin braJin( an* alumin%t/ermi' ,el*in( s/all be0
-ase material grade and chemical composition:
1 a '/an(e in (ra*e
1 a '/an(e in t/e supply '%n*iti%n CT6P. 5IT %r n%rmalise*4
1 any in'rease in P
'm
%+ m%re t/an 0-0". E %+ m%re t/an 0-0# an* '%ntent %+ m%re t/an 0-0"L +%r -6n
linepipe-
&or both methods a change in:
1 'able *imensi%n
1 pr%'ess CbraJin( %r alumin%t/ermi' ,el*in(4
1 ma&e. type an* m%*el %+ e2uipment
1 met/%* +%r 'leanin( an* preparati%n %+ 'able en*s an* 'able atta'/ment area-
&or )luminothermic welding a change in:
1 type. 'lassi+i'ati%n an* bran* %+ start an* ,el*in( p%,*er
1 type. ma&e an* m%*el %+ %t/er '%nsumables
1 )%lume C'artri*(e. pa'&a(in( type4 an* type %+ start an* ,el*in( p%,*er t/at ,ill '/an(e t/e /eat input by
m%re t/an [ 1=L-
&or Pin bra,ing a change in:
1 type. '%mp%siti%n. ma&e an* m%*el %+ pin +%r pin braJin(
1 t/e minimum pre/eat %r ,%r&in( temperature
1 ran(e %+ e2uipment settin(s +%r pin braJin(
1 t/e e2uipment eart/ '%nne'ti%n area-
Production re*uirements for welding/bra,ing of anode leads
8*# T/e an%*e 'able atta'/ments s/all be l%'ate* at least 1=0 mm a,ay +r%m any ,el*-
8*5 F%r 'able preparati%n 'able 'utters s/all be use*- T/e insulati%n s/all be strippe* +%r t/e last =0 mm %+
t/e 'able t% be atta'/e*- T/e '%n*u't%r '%re s/all be 'lean. bri(/t an* *ry- 3reasy an* %ily '%n*u't%r '%res
s/all be 'leane* ,it/ resi*ue +ree s%l)ent %r *ippe* in m%lten s%l*er- %rr%*e* '%n*u't%r '%res s/all be 'leane*
t% bri(/t metal ,it/ brus/ %r %t/er means- @et '%n*u't%r '%res s/all be *rie* by rapi* *ryin( resi*ue +ree
s%l)ent. al'%/%l %r /an* t%r'/-
8*& T/e 'able atta'/ment area. an* +%r pin braJin( als% t/e e2uipment eart/ '%nne'ti%n area. s/all be 'leane*
+%r an area %+ minimum =0 mm ==0 mm- All mill s'ale. rust. (rease. paint. primer. '%rr%si%n '%atin(. an* *irt
s/all be rem%)e* an* t/e sur+a'e prepare* t% +inis/in( *e(ree St # a''%r*in( t% ISO F=01-1- T/e sur+a'e s/all
be bri(/t. 'lean an* *ry ,/en ,el*in(IbraJin( is starte*-
Production testing
8*2 Ea'/ ,el*e*IbraJe* an%*e lea* s/all be subGe'te* t% ele'tri'al resistan'e test an* me'/ani'al stren(t/
test a''%r*in( t% Table -> ,it/ a''eptan'e 'riteria a''%r*in( t% F=00-
Repair of welded/bra,ed anode leads
8*: @el*e*IbraJe* an%*e lea*s n%t meetin( t/e re2uirements in F=00 s/all be rem%)e* an* t/e a++e'te* area
s/all be rem%)e* by (rin*in(-
8)* F%r ,el*e*IbraJe* an%*e lea*s t/at are atta'/e* *ire'tly %nt% pressure '%ntainin( parts t/e (r%un* areas
s/all blen* sm%%t/ly int% t/e surr%un*in( material- %mplete rem%)al %+ *e+e'ts s/all be )eri+ie* by l%'al
)isual inspe'ti%n an* p%lis/in( an* et'/in( t% '%n+irm rem%)al %+ '%pper penetrati%n- T/e remainin( ,all
t/i'&ness in t/e (r%un* area s/all be '/e'&e* by ultras%ni' ,all t/i'&ness measurements t% )eri+y t/at t/e
t/i'&ness %+ t/e remainin( material is m%re t/an t/e spe'i+ie* minimum- Imper+e'ti%ns t/at en'r%a'/ %n t/e
minimum permissible ,all t/i'&ness s/all be 'lassi+ie* as *e+e'ts-
;. H7(er6aric Dr7 Wel"ing
; )** General
)*) 8n*er,ater ,el*in( %n pressure '%ntainin( '%mp%nents +%r /y*r%'arb%ns s/all be 'arrie* %ut utilisin(
a l%, /y*r%(en pr%'ess. in a '/amber C/abitat4 ,/ere t/e ,ater /as been *ispla'e*- Ot/er met/%*s 'an be use*
%n n%n-pressure '%ntainin( '%mp%nents subGe't t% spe'ial a''eptan'e by Pur'/aser-
)*4 All rele)ant ,el*in( parameters s/all be m%nit%re* an* re'%r*e* at t/e sur+a'e '%ntr%l stati%n un*er
super)isi%n by a ,el*in( '%-%r*inat%r- T/e ,el*in( area s/all /a)e '%ntinu%us '%mmuni'ati%n ,it/ t/e '%ntr%l
stati%n- All %perati%ns in'lu*in( ,el*in( s/all be m%nit%re* by a )i*e% system t/at 'an be rem%tely '%ntr%lle*
+r%m t/e '%ntr%l stati%n-
; 4** E'ali+ica%i!n an" %es%ing !+ 1el"ing (ers!nnel +!r h7(er6aric "r7 1el"ing
1yperbaric welding co(ordinator
4*) T/e ,el*in( '%-%r*inat%r +%r /yperbari' *ry ,el*in( s/all /a)e a*e2uate e:perien'e ,it/ ,el*in(
pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n an* %++s/%re %perati%ns +%r t/e /yperbari' ,el*in( an* ,el*in( relate* system use*-
4*4 T/e ,el*in( '%-%r*inat%r s/all. ,/en appli'able. /a)e '%mplete* t/e trainin( pr%(ramme re2uire* +%r
me'/anise* ,el*in( re2uire* in I"0; t% I"0>-
6elders for hyperbaric welding
4*8 Pri%r t% 2uali+i'ati%n testin( +%r un*er,ater C/yperbari'4 *ry ,el*in( %+ (irt/ ,el*s. ,el*ers s/all /a)e
passe* a ,el*in( test +%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s as spe'i+ie* in !"00 ab%)e-
Training programme
4*4 T/e /yperbari' ,el*ers s/all be in+%rme* %n all aspe'ts %+ t/e ,%r& relate* t% t/e ,el*in( %perati%n. t/e
2uali+ie* ,el*in( pr%'e*ures. t/e appli'able te'/ni'al spe'i+i'ati%ns an* lay%ut %+ t/e ,el*in( an* /abitat system-
4*# Hyperbari' ,el*ers s/all re'ei)e a trainin( pr%(ramme an* pass an e:aminati%n up%n '%mpleti%n %+ t/e
pr%(ramme- T/e trainin( pr%(ramme s/all be stru'ture* a''%r*in( t% Anne: ! %+ ISO 1=>1F-"-
4*5 In a**iti%n. +%r me'/anise* ,el*in( t/e trainin( pr%(ramme s/all in'lu*e0
1 s%+t,are stru'ture %+ ,el*in( pr%(ramme an* l%a*in( %+ any ,el*in( pr%(ramme pri%r t% start %+ ,el*in(
1 per+%rm a '%mplete butt ,el*. +r%m pr%(rammin( %+ t/e ,el*in( parameters t% ,el*in( %+ t/e 'ap passes
1 repair ,el*in(
1 *aily maintenan'e %+ t/e ,el*in( e2uipment
1 &n%,le*(e ab%ut t/e +un'ti%ns %+ t/e ,el*in( /ea*s an* /%, t% repla'e '%nsumables su'/ as ,el*in( ,ire.
'%nta't tubes. (as n%JJles an* tun(sten ele'tr%*es-
Test welding
4*& T/e /yperbari' ,el*ers s/all per+%rm a 2uali+i'ati%n test usin( ,el*in( e2uipment i*enti'al %r e2ual in
+un'ti%n t% t/e /yperbari' ,el*in( e2uipment use* +%r pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(-
4*2 T/e 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( +%r /yperbari' ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1=>1F-"-
8ualification testing of welders
4*: F%r ,el*er 2uali+i'ati%n +%r *ry /yperbari' ,el*in( %+ (irt/ ,el*s an* %t/er butt ,el* '%n+i(urati%ns t/e
test pie'es s/all be subGe't t% same t/e testin( an* a''eptan'e 'riteria as +%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s in !"00-
4)* A ,el*er is *eeme* 2uali+ie* +%r t/e appli'able ran(es %+ appr%)al state* in lause > %+ ISO 1=>1F-"
,/en t/e +%ll%,in( re2uirements +%r inspe'ti%n an* testin( %+ test pie'es. as appli'able. are met0
1 100L )isual e:aminati%n an* 100L ultras%ni' testin( ,it/ test re2uirements an* a''eptan'e 'riteria in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i: D
1 ma'r%-e:aminati%n a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: !- T/e spe'imen s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ ISO 1=>1F-".
/apter F
1 i+ 100L ra*i%(rap/i' testin( ,it/ test re2uirements an* a''eptan'e 'riteria in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Appen*i:
D is per+%rme* in lieu %+ 100L ultras%ni' testin(. ben* testin( as re2uire* in ISO H>0> s/all be per+%rme*
+%r all ,el*in( pr%'esses-
Retesting
4)) See ISO 1=>1F-". /apter H-
Period of validity and prolongation
4)4 T/e peri%* %+ )ali*ity s/all be > m%nt/s. an* t/e pr%l%n(ati%n in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1=>1F-".
para(rap/ 10-"-
; 8** Wel"ing (r!cesses +!r h7(er6aric "r7 1el"ing
8*) T/e all%,able ,el*in( pr%'esses are0
1 S6A@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1114
1 3-FA@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1#<4
1 36A@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1#14
1 3TA@ CPr%'ess ISO ;0>#-1;14-
; 4** Wel"ing c!ns'$a6les +!r h7(er6aric "r7 1el"ing
4*) In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements (i)en in 100 t% ;00 t/e +%ll%,in( s/all apply0
1 '%nsumables s/%ul* be %+ a type t/at is teste* %r *e)el%pe* +%r *ry /yperbari' ,el*in( ,it/ respe't t% ar'
stability an* metal trans+er be/a)i%ur an* me'/ani'al pr%perties
1 pr%'e*ures +%r trans+er %+ '%nsumables t% t/e /yperbari' '/amber an* +%r '%nsumable /an*lin( in t/e
'/amber. in'lu*in( *isp%sal %+ unuse* e:p%se* '%nsumables- T/e pr%'e*ure s/all parti'ularly '%nsi*er t/e
ma:imum /umi*ity e:pe'te* *urin( pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(
1 all '%nsumables +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure s/all be +r%m t/e same bat'/. a '%nsumable
bat'/ bein( *e+ine* as t/e )%lume %+ pr%*u't i*enti+ie* by t/e supplier un*er %ne uni2ue bat'/Il%t number.
manu+a'ture* in %ne '%ntinu%us run +r%m bat'/Il%t '%ntr%lle* ra, materials-
; #** Shiel"ing an" 6ac0ing gases +!r h7(er6aric "r7 1el"ing
#*) In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements (i)en in =00 t/e +%ll%,in( s/all apply0
1 t/e purity %+ s/iel*in( an* ba'&in( (ases s/all be HH-HH= +%r Ar an* HH-HH<L +%r He- T/e ma:imum
all%,able m%isture '%ntent in t/e (as use* in t/e a'tual ,el*in( is (%)erne* by t/e m%isture '%ntent %+ t/e
(as use* *urin( t/e 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in(-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e *e, p%int temperature at atm%sp/eri' pressure C1 bar4 is %+ten use* t% spe'i+y t/e upper le)el a''eptan'e 'riteria
+%r t/e m%isture '%ntent in s/iel*in( (ases- H%,e)er. +%r /yperbari' '%n*iti%ns. e)en a l%, *e,-p%int temperature Ce-(-
-#0] +%r an Ar(%n (as4 'an result in '%n*ensati%n %+ ,ater at t/e rele)ant ,%r&in( *ept/Ipressure an* temperature
Ce-(- at 1>= m at =]4- T/is means t/at t/e (as is saturate* ,it/ ,ater ,/en use* at t/is *ept/ an* '%n*ense* ,ater ,ill
be present at (reater *ept/s- In (eneral t/e a''eptan'e le)el +%r t/e ,ater '%ntent in t/e s/iel* (as must be spe'i+ie*
pre'isely- T/e use %+ SppmT al%ne is n%t su++i'ient- It must be relate* eit/er t% )%lume %r ,ei(/t %+ t/e (as-
It is t/e ,ater '%n'entrati%n in t/e (as at t/e ,%r&in( *ept/Ipressure ,/i'/ is essential- T/is 'an be spe'i+ie* as ,ei(/t
%+ t/e ,ater per )%lume unit Cm( H
"
OIm#4 %r partial pressure %+ t/e H
"
O Cmillibar H
"
O4-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
; 5** Wel"ing e<'i($en% an" s7s%e$s +!r h7(er6aric "r7 1el"ing
5*) In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements (i)en in !100 t/e +%ll%,in( s/all apply unless t/e )%lta(e is measure*
at t/e ar' *urin( b%t/ 2uali+i'ati%n an* pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(0
1 @el*in( 'ables s/all /a)e t/e same *imensi%n an* appr%:imately t/e same resistan'e *urin( t/e ,el*in(
pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n an* pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(- I+ ne'essary arti+i'ial resistan'e t% simulate t/e +ull 'able
len(t/ use* in pr%*u'ti%n s/%ul* be use* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n ,el*in(-
; &** Wel"ing (r!ce"'res +!r h7(er6aric "r7 1el"ing
%ontents of p6PS
&*) A p@PS s/all be prepare* +%r ea'/ ,el*in( an* repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ure t/at ,ill be 2uali+ie* +%r use
*urin( ,el*in( %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s-
&*4 T/e p@PS s/all '%ntain t/e in+%rmati%n re2uire* +%r t/e appli'able ,el*in( pr%'esses. in'lu*in( any
ta'& ,el*s an* s/all be prepare* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Table -1 an* s/all pr%p%se limits an* ran(es +%r t/e
appli'able essential )ariables +%r ,el*in( an* repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ures (i)en in Table -" an* Table -F-
&*8 In a**iti%n t/e p@PS s/all a**ress t/e +%ll%,in(0
1 )ent /%le. number %+ runs t% be *ep%site* be+%re 'l%sin( t/e r%%t an* met/%*s +%r 'l%sin( t/e r%%t
1 '%n*iti%ns +%r release %+ e:ternal line-up 'lamps in'lu*in( t/e per'enta(e %+ t/e 'ir'um+eren'e +%r t/e
,el*e* r%%t se'ti%ns. t/e len(t/ %+ ea'/ se'ti%n an* spa'in( %+ t/e se'ti%ns
1 ,ater *ept/ CminimumIma:imum4
1 pressure insi*e t/e '/amber
1 (as '%mp%siti%n insi*e t/e '/amber
1 /umi*ity. ma:imum le)el
1 temperature insi*e t/e '/amber CminimumIma:imum4
1 len(t/. type an* siJe %+ t/e ,el*in( umbili'al
1 p%siti%n +%r )%lta(e measurements
1 ,el*in( e2uipment-
&*4 T/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ures +%r 'l%sin( p%ssible )ent /%les s/all als% be 2uali+ie*- T/is 2uali+i'ati%n test
s/%ul* as a minimum in'lu*e impa't testin( %+ ,el* metal. FB. FBW". FBW=.ma'r%I/ar*ness testin( an* +%r
RA als% metall%(rap/i' e:aminati%n- T/e 2uali+i'ati%n may be per+%rme* as a Sbutterin(T test pr%)i*in(
'%nsi*erati%ns are ma*e t% startIst%p an* t/at a''ess limitati%ns +%r t/e a'tual pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in( is simulate*-
!ssential variables
&*# T/e essential )ariables +%r /yperbari' *ry ,el*in( s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table -" ,it/ a**iti%nal
re2uirements a''%r*in( t% Table -F bel%,-
Ta6le C-2 A""i%i!nal essen%ial -aria6les +!r h7(er6aric "r7 1el"ing
) 8ualified water depth for S$)6 and GT)6
<0
@ater *ept/ C@D4 in metres0
1 @D "00 m0 Any in'rease in e:'ess %+ W "0L %r 10 m %r ,/i'/e)er is (reater-
" "00 m M @D #00 m0 [ 10L
# #00 m M @D =00 m0 [ 10L
- 1abitat environment
3as '%mp%siti%n Car(%n. /eli%:.
air %r nitr%:4. an* /umi*ity
1 F%r ,ater *ept/ "00 m0 A '/an(e +r%m ar(%n %r /eli%: t% air %r nitr%: but n%t
)i'e )ersa
" F%r ,ater *ept/ _ "00 m0 Any '/an(e in (as '%mp%siti%n
# Any in'rease in relati)e /umi*ity +%r S6A@ an* 3-FA@ +lu: base* ,el*in(
pr%'esses %t/er,ise any in'rease in e:'ess %+ W 10L
% $onitoring of electrical parameters
6et/%* an* p%int %+ m%nit%rin( 1 Any '/an(e
N%te
14 F%r %t/er pr%'esses t/e *ept/ %+ 2uali+i'ati%n s/all be a(ree*-
; 2** E'ali+ica%i!n 1el"ing +!r h7(er6aric "r7 1el"ing
2*) 5uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* in t/e /abitat at a ,ater *ept/ sele'te* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e
inten*e* ran(e %+ 2uali+i'ati%n. %r un*er appr%priately simulate* '%n*iti%ns- T/e 2uali+i'ati%n test pr%(ram
s/all '%nsist %+ a minimum %+ %ne '%mplete* G%int +%r manual ,el*in(. an* a minimum %+ t/ree G%ints +%r
me'/anise* ,el*in( systems-
2*4 5uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( s/all '%mply ,it/ E100 an* t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%ns0
1 +%r S6A@ ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* at t/e ma:imum e:pe'te* /umi*ity in t/e '/amber *urin(
pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(
1 t/e p%,er s%ur'e an* t/e te'/ni'al spe'i+i'ati%n +%r t/e ,el*in( system s/all be e2ui)alent t% t/e
pr%*u'ti%n system
1 t/e pipes s/all be ri(i*ly +i:e* t% simulate restraint *urin( ,el*in(
1 met/%* an* p%siti%nIp%int +%r m%nit%rin( %+ ele'tri'al parameters s/all be as +%r pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(
1 ,it/ in'reasin( pressure t/e )%lta(e (ra*ient ,ill in'rease- A''%r*in(ly may small '/an(es in ar' len(t/
an* %r %peratin( *ept/ result in '%nsi*erable '/an(es in t/e m%nit%re* )alues %+ ar' )%lta(e- F%r
'al'ulati%ns %+ t/e /eat input. t/e ar' )%lta(e s/all be re'%r*e* at t/e p%siti%nIp%int %+ ,el*in( *urin(
2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e ,el*in( pr%'e*ure an* t/e *i++eren'e bet,een t/ese )alues an* rem%te m%nit%re*
)alues re'%r*e* +%r use *urin( pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(-
Repair welding procedures
2*8 5uali+i'ati%n ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements (i)en in E"00-
; :** E'ali+ica%i!n !+ 1el"ing (r!ce"'res +!r h7(er6aric "r7 1el"ing
:*) T/e re2uirements (i)en in E#00 s/all apply-
; )*** E,a$ina%i!n an" %es%ing
)**) E:aminati%n an* testin( s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ F100. F"00 an* F#00-
; ))** 9r!"'c%i!n 1el"ing re<'ire$en%s +!r "r7 h7(er6aric 1el"ing
))*) In a**iti%n t% t/e appli'able re2uirements (i)en in 3. H100 an* H"00. t/e re2uirements bel%, s/all
apply +%r *ry /yperbari' pr%*u'ti%n ,el*in(0
))*4 T/e /abitat s/all be %+ a*e2uate siJe t% all%, a''ess +%r ,el*in( an* +%r all ne'essary ,el*in(. sa+ety
an* li+e supp%rt e2uipment- Furt/er t/e /abitat s/all be li(/te* an* be +itte* ,it/ rem%te 'ameras +%r
sur)eillan'e- @el*in( +umes s/all n%t pre)ent t/e use %+ t/e rem%te 'ameras in t/e ,el*in( area-
))*8 A +un'ti%n test %+ t/e /abitat. /abitat e2uipment an* t/e m%nit%rin( an* '%mmuni'ati%n e2uipment
s/all be per+%rme* t% a ,ritten an* a(ree* pr%'e*ure. an* a''epte* be+%re l%,erin( t/e /abitat t% t/e ,%r&in(
p%siti%n- T/e +un'ti%n test s/all als% in'lu*e )eri+i'ati%n %+ t/at t/e ,el*in( parameters are applie* '%rre'tly
%n t/e a'tual e2uipment-
))*4 I+ use*. s/iel*in( an*I%r ba'&in( (as s/all be %+ 2uali+ie* purity in'lu*in( m%isture limit- 3as purity
an* '%mp%siti%n in all '%ntainers s/all be 'erti+ie* an* tra'eable t% t/e (as st%ra(e '%ntainers- T/e (as purity
an* m%isture '%ntent s/all be )eri+ie* a+ter pur(in( t/e (as supply system pri%r t% start %+ ,el*in(- T/e
m%isture '%ntent %+ t/e s/iel*in( (as s/all be m%nit%re* atInear t/e t%r'/ *urin( ,el*in( %perati%n-
))*# Pup pie'es s/all be be)elle*. '/e'&e* +%r '%rre't len(t/. laminati%ns at 'ut en*s an* t/e be)el pr%+ile-
))*5 At '%mpleti%n %+ p%siti%nin( %+ t/e t,% pipe se'ti%ns t% be ,el*e*. t/e +%ll%,in( in+%rmati%n. as a
minimum. s/all be rep%rte* t% t/e sur+a'e0
1 pipe se'ti%ns t% be '%nne'te* Cpipe number. /eat number i+ p%ssible4
1 appr%:imate *istan'e +r%m t/e (irt/ ,el* t% t/e pipe e:tremity
1 p%siti%n %+ t/e l%n(itu*inal ,el*s-
))*& I+ t/e re2uirement +%r sta((erin( %+ l%n(itu*inal ,el*s 'an n%t be met. any re*u'ti%n in t/e separati%n
%+ ,el*s s/all be limite* t% t,% pipe len(t/s-
))*2 All %perati%ns in'lu*in( ,el*in( s/all be m%nit%re* by a )i*e% system t/at 'an be rem%tely '%ntr%lle*
+r%m t/e '%ntr%l stati%n an* t/e ,el*in( area s/all /a)e '%ntinu%us '%mmuni'ati%n ,it/ t/e '%ntr%l stati%n-
All rele)ant *ata s/all be m%nit%re* an* re'%r*e* at t/e sur+a'e '%ntr%l stati%n un*er super)isi%n by t/e
,el*in( '%-%r*inat%r. in'lu*in(0
1 en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%ns C/umi*ity. temperature. atm%sp/ere '%mp%siti%n4
1 ,el*in( parameters Cme'/anise* an* aut%mati' ,el*in(4
1 (as m%isture '%ntent
1 pre/eat an* interpass temperature
1 in+%rmati%n transmitte* by t/e ,el*ers-
))*: T/e +%ll%,in( re'%r*s s/all be presente* as part %+ t/e *%'umentati%n0
1 '/art re'%r*in(s %+ ,el*in( 'urrent. ar' )%lta(e. +iller ,ire spee*. ,el*in( spee*
1 )i*e% re'%r*in( +r%m t/e ,el* %bser)ati%n 'ameras-
6eld repair
)))* T/e appli'able re2uirements (i)en Table -< s/all apply- In a**iti%n repairs e:'ee*in( #0L %+ pipe D
s/all be per+%rme* %nly i+ a(ree*-
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age &55
A99END;M D
NON-DESTRUCT;DE TEST;NG .NDT/
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is Appen*i: spe'i+ies t/e re2uirements +%r met/%*s. e2uipment. pr%'e*ures. a''eptan'e 'riteria an*
t/e 2uali+i'ati%n an* 'erti+i'ati%n %+ pers%nnel +%r )isual e:aminati%n an* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( CNDT4 %+ -
6n steels. l%, all%y steels. *uple: steels. %t/er stainless steels an* 'la* steel materials an* ,el*ments +%r use
in pipeline systems-
)*4 T/is Appen*i: *%es n%t '%)er aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( CA8T4 %+ (irt/ ,el*s- Spe'i+i' re2uirements
pertainin( t% A8T %+ (irt/ ,el*s are (i)en in Appen*i: E-
)*8 Re2uirements +%r NDT an* )isual e:aminati%n %+ %t/er materials s/all be spe'i+ie* an* be in (eneral
a(reement ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+ t/is Appen*i:-
A 4** A((lica6ili%7 !+ re<'ire$en%s
4*) T/e re2uirements in t/is Appen*i: are (i)en in se)eral subse'ti%ns ,it/ ea'/ subse'ti%n *ealin( ,it/
t/e n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ spe'i+i' %bGe'ts-
4*4 T/e re2uirements (i)en in subse'ti%n A are appli'able +%r t/e ,/%le %+ t/is Appen*i:-
4*8 T/e re2uirements (i)en ,it/in t/e %t/er subse'ti%ns are appli'able %nly t% t/e s'%pe %+ t/e subse'ti%n
as in*i'ate* in t/e title %+ t/e subse'ti%n. unless spe'i+i' re+eren'es t% %t/er subse'ti%ns are ma*e-
8*) NDT %ntra't%rs an* %r(anisati%ns s/all as a minimum /a)e an implemente* 2uality assuran'e system
meetin( t/e (eneral re2uirements %+ ISO H001 an* supplemente* ,it/ t/e re2uirements (i)en in AST6 E1"1"-
A 4** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing $e%h!"s
4*) 6et/%*s %+ NDT s/all be '/%sen ,it/ *ue re(ar* t% t/e '%n*iti%ns in+luen'in( t/e sensiti)ity %+ t/e
met/%*s- T/e ability t% *ete't imper+e'ti%ns s/all be '%nsi*ere* +%r t/e material. G%int (e%metry an* ,el*in(
pr%'ess use*-
4*4 As t/e NDT met/%*s *i++er in t/eir limitati%ns an*I%r sensiti)ities. '%mbinati%n %+ t,% %r m%re met/%*s
s/all be '%nsi*ere* sin'e t/is is %+ten re2uire* in %r*er t% ensure %ptimum pr%bability %+ *ete'ti%n %+ /arm+ul
*e+e'ts-
4*8 6a(neti' parti'le. e**y 'urrent %r ma(neti' +lu: lea&a(e testin( is pre+erre* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ sur+a'e
imper+e'ti%ns in +err%ma(neti' materials- F%r *ete'ti%n %+ sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns in n%n-ma(neti' materials.
eit/er li2ui* penetrant testin( %r e**y 'urrent testin( s/all be pre+erre*-
4*4 8ltras%ni' an*I%r ra*i%(rap/i' testin( s/all be use* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ internal imper+e'ti%ns- It may be
ne'essary t% supplement ultras%ni' testin( by ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %r )i'e )ersa. in %r*er t% en/an'e t/e
pr%bability %+ *ete'ti%n %r '/ara'terisati%nIsiJin( %+ t/e type %+ +la,s t/at 'an be e:pe'te*. as spe'i+ie* in
Se'-10. E#00-
Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( is pre+erre* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ )%lumetri' imper+e'ti%ns- F%r material t/i'&nesses ab%)e "=
mm ra*i%(rap/i' testin( s/%ul* al,ays be supplemente* by ultras%ni' testin(-
8ltras%ni' testin( s/all be pre+erre* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ planar imper+e'ti%ns an* ,/ene)er *eterminati%n %+ t/e
imper+e'ti%n /ei(/t an* *ept/ is ne'essary. e-(- as a result %+ an EA. ultras%ni' testin( is re2uire*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e *ete'tability %+ 'ra'&s ,it/ ra*i%(rap/i' testin( *epen*s %n t/e 'ra'& /ei(/t. t/e presen'e %+ bran'/in( parts %+
t/e 'ra'&. t/e *ire'ti%n i+ t/e P-ray beam t% t/e %rientati%n %+ t/e 'ra'& an* ra*i%(rap/i' te'/ni2ue parameters-
Reliable *ete'ti%n %+ 'ra'&s is t/ere+%re limite*-
Ba'& %+ si*e,all +usi%n ,ill pr%bably n%t be *ete'te* unless it is ass%'iate* ,it/ )%lumetri' imper+e'ti%ns %r i+ P-ray
beam is in t/e *ire'ti%n %+ t/e si*e-,all-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*# @/en manual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( in spe'ial 'ases is use* as a substitute +%r aut%mate* ultras%ni'
testin( +%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s. b%t/ ra*i%(rap/i' an* ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e (irt/ ,el* s/all be per+%rme*-
4*5 Alternati)e met/%*s %r '%mbinati%n %+ met/%*s +%r *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns may be use* i+ t/e
met/%*s are *em%nstrate* as 'apable %+ *ete'tin( imper+e'ti%ns ,it/ an a''eptable e2ui)alen'e t% t/e
pre+erre* met/%*s-
A #** 9ers!nnel <'ali+ica%i!ns
$anual or semi(automatic 4T
#*) Pers%nnel per+%rmin( manual %r semi-aut%mate* NDT an* interpretati%n %+ test results s/all be 'erti+ie*
t% Be)el " by a erti+i'ati%n !%*y %r Aut/%rise* 5uali+yin( !%*y in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO H<1" %r t/e ASNT
entral erti+i'ati%n Pr%(ram CAP4- Pers%nnel 2uali+i'ati%n t% an empl%yer base* 2uali+i'ati%n s'/eme as
SNT-T-1A may be a''epte* i+ t/e empl%yerNs ,ritten pra'ti'e is re)ie,e* an* +%un* a''eptable an* t/e Be)el
# is ASNT Be)el III %r AP Pr%+essi%nal Be)el III an* 'erti+ie* in t/e appli'able met/%*- %mpany
app%inte* Be)el # is n%t a''epte*-
8ltras%ni' %perat%rs per+%rmin( testin( %+ ,el*s in'lu*in( austeniti' %r *uple: stainless steel material. s/all
be spe'ially traine* an* 2uali+ie* +%r t/e purp%se a''%r*in( t% ISO H<1" %r e2ui)alent s'/eme-
)utomated 4T+ general
#*4 Pers%nnel 'alibratin( e2uipment an* interpretin( results +r%m aut%mate* e2uipment +%r NDT s/all be
'erti+ie* t% an appr%priate le)el a''%r*in( t% a 'erti+i'ati%n s'/eme meetin( t/e re2uirements %+ =01- In
a**iti%n. t/ey s/all be able t% *%'ument a*e2uate trainin( an* e:perien'e ,it/ t/e e2uipment in 2uesti%n. an*
s/all be able t% *em%nstrate t/eir 'apabilities ,it/ re(ar* t% 'alibratin( t/e e2uipment. per+%rmin( an
%perati%nal test un*er pr%*u'ti%nIsiteI+iel* '%n*iti%ns. an* e)aluatin( siJe an* l%'ati%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns-
)utomated 4T+ linepipe manufacture
#*8 Pers%nnel %peratin( aut%mate* e2uipment +%r NDT *urin( manu+a'ture %+ linepipe s/all be 'erti+ie*
a''%r*in( t% ISO 11;F; %r e2ui)alent 'erti+i'ati%n s'/eme-
Preparation of 4T procedures
#*4 Preparati%n %+ NDT pr%'e*ures an* e:e'uti%n %+ all NDT s/all be 'arrie* %ut un*er t/e resp%nsibility %+
Be)el # pers%nnel- Any tas&s in)%l)in( 'alibrati%n %+ t/e e2uipment. *ata a'2uisiti%n an* interpretati%n %+ t/e
results. s/all in'lu*e pers%nnel 2uali+ie* t% at least Be)el " %+ appli'able NDT met/%*-
;isual e"amination
#*# Pers%nnel per+%rmin( )isual e:aminati%n %+ ,el*s s/all /a)e *%'umente* trainin( an* 2uali+i'ati%ns
a''%r*in( t% NS ;<<. minimum S@IP#-"-1 CBe)el #4 %r minimum I@I-S %r e2ui)alent 'erti+i'ati%n s'/eme-
Pers%nnel per+%rmin( )isual e:aminati%n %+ %t/er %bGe'ts s/all /a)e trainin( an* e:aminati%n a''%r*in( t% a
*%'umente* in-/%use stan*ar*- Pers%nnel per+%rmin( )isual testin( %+ +inis/e*. ,el*e* G%ints s/all be 2uali+ie*
as state* ab%)e %r in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO H<1". VT le)el ". %r e2ui)alent-
;isual acuity
#*5 Pers%nnel interpretin( ra*i%(rap/s. per+%rmin( ultras%ni' testin(. interpretin( results %+ ma(neti'
parti'le an* li2ui* penetrant testin( an* per+%rmin( )isual e:aminati%n s/all /a)e passe* a )isual a'uity test
su'/ as re2uire* by ISO H<1" %r a 7ae(er 7-, test at #00 mm. ,it/in t/e pre)i%us 1" m%nt/s-
A 5** Ti$ing !+ NDT
5*) @/ene)er p%ssible. NDT %+ ,el*s s/all n%t be per+%rme* until "; /%urs /as elapse* sin'e '%mpleti%n
%+ ,el*in(-
5*4 I+ ,el*in( pr%'esses ensurin( a *i++usible /y*r%(en '%ntent %+ ma:imum = mlI100 ( %+ ,el* metal are
use*. a*e2uate /an*lin( %+ ,el*in( '%nsumables is )eri+ie*. s/iel*in( (as '%ntent %+ H
"
is '%ntr%lle*. %r
measures Csu'/ as p%st /eatin( %+ t/e ,el*ment4 are ta&en t% re*u'e t/e '%ntents %+ /y*r%(en. t/e time in >01
ab%)e 'an be re*u'e*. subGe't t% a(reement-
5*8 NDT %+ pipeline installati%n (irt/ ,el*s an* l%n(itu*inal ,el*s in linepipe 'an be per+%rme* as s%%n as
t/e ,el*s /a)e '%%le* su++i'iently t% all%, t/e NDT t% be per+%rme*-
3. Man'al N!n-Des%r'c%i-e Tes%ing an" Dis'al E,a$ina%i!n !+ Wel"s
3 )** General
)*) 6anual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ ,el*s s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e stan*ar*s liste*
bel%, an* as re2uire* in t/e +%ll%,in(0
DNV 'lassi+i'ati%n n%te N%- <. N%n Destru'ti)e Testin(
Ra*i%(rap/y ISO 1<>#>-1
Di(ital Ra*i%(rap/y ISO 1<>#>-"
8ltras%ni' ISO 1<>;0
6a(neti' Parti'le ISO 1<>#F
Bi2ui* Penetrant ISO #;=" all parts
E**y urrent ISO 1<>;#
Visual e:aminati%n ISO 1<>#<
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age &6%
4on(destructive testing procedures
)*4 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ,ritten pr%'e*ures t/at. as a minimum.
(i)e in+%rmati%n %n t/e +%ll%,in( aspe'ts0
1 appli'able '%*eCs4 %r stan*ar*Cs4
1 ,el*in( met/%* C,/en rele)ant4
1 G%int (e%metry an* *imensi%ns
1 materialCs4
1 met/%*
1 te'/ni2ue
1 e2uipment main an* au:iliary
1 '%nsumables Cin'lu*in( bran* name4
1 sensiti)ity
1 'alibrati%n te'/ni2ues an* 'alibrati%n re+eren'es
1 testin( parameters an* )ariables
1 assessment %+ imper+e'ti%ns
1 rep%rtin( an* *%'umentati%n %+ results
1 re+eren'e t% appli'able ,el*in( pr%'e*ureCs4.
1 e:ample %+ rep%rtin( +%rms
)*8 I+ alternati)e met/%*s %r '%mbinati%ns %+ met/%*s are use* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns. t/e
pr%'e*ures s/all be prepare* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ an a(ree* '%*e %r stan*ar*- T/e nee* +%r pr%'e*ure
2uali+i'ati%n s/all be '%nsi*ere* in ea'/ 'ase base* %n t/e met/%*As sensiti)ity in *ete'tin( an* '/ara'terisin(
imper+e'ti%ns an* t/e siJe an* type %+ *e+e'ts t% be *ete'te*-
)*4 All n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( pr%'e*ures s/all be si(ne* by t/e resp%nsible Be)el III pers%n-
Reporting
)*# All NDT s/all be *%'umente* su'/ t/at t/e teste* areas may be easily i*enti+ie* an* su'/ t/at t/e
per+%rme* testin( 'an be *upli'ate*- T/e rep%rts s/all i*enti+y t/e *e+e'ts present in t/e ,el* area an* state i+
t/e ,el* satis+ies t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria %r n%t-
)*5 T/e rep%rt s/all in'lu*e t/e rep%rtin( re2uirements %+ t/e appli'able stan*ar*. NDT pr%'e*ure an*
a''eptan'e 'riteria-
At least t/e +%ll%,in( minimum in+%rmati%n must be (i)en0
1 Name %+ t/e '%mpany an* %perat%r 'arryin( %ut t/e testin( in'lu*in( 'erti+i'ati%n le)el %+ t/e %perat%r
1 ObGe't an* *ra,in( re+eren'es
1 Pla'e an* *ate %+ testin(
1 6aterial type an* *imensi%ns
1 P%st ,el* /eat treatment. i+ re2uire*
1 B%'ati%n %+ e:amine* areas. type %+ G%int
1 @el*in( pr%'ess use*
1 Sur+a'e '%n*iti%ns
1 Temperature %+ t/e %bGe't
1 Number %+ repairs i+ spe'i+i' area repaire* t,i'e %r m%re
1 %ntra't re2uirements e-(- %r*er n%-. spe'i+i'ati%ns. spe'ial a(reements et'-
1 E:ample %+ rep%rtin( +%rms
1 S&et'/ s/%,in( l%'ati%n an* in+%rmati%n re(ar*in( *ete'te* *e+e'ts
1 E:tent %+ testin(
1 Test e2uipment use*
1 Des'ripti%n %+ t/e parameters use* +%r ea'/ met/%*
1 Des'ripti%n an* l%'ati%n %+ all re'%r*able in*i'ati%ns
1 Testin( results ,it/ re+eren'e t% a''eptan'e le)el
1 Ot/er in+%rmati%n relate* t% t/e spe'i+i' met/%* may be liste* un*er ea'/ met/%*-
3 4** Ra"i!gra(hic %es%ing !+ 1el"s
4*) Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ ISO 1<>#>-1 an* DNV 'lassi+i'ati%n n%te
<. an* as re2uire* bel%,-
4*4 Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( s/all be per+%rme* by use %+ P-ray a''%r*in( t% a''epte* pr%'e*ures- 8se %+
ra*i%(rap/i' is%t%pes C(amma rays4 may be re2uire* in s%me situati%ns an* is subGe't t% a(reement in ea'/
'ase-
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age &6$
Radiographic testing procedures
4*8 Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( pr%'e*ures s/all be a''%r*in( t% !10" t/r%u(/ !10; an* in'lu*e0
1 ra*i%(rap/i' te'/ni2ue 'lass
1 ra*iati%n s%ur'e
1 te'/ni2ue
1 (e%metri' relati%ns/ips
1 +ilm type
1 intensi+yin( s'reens
1 e:p%sure '%n*iti%ns
1 pr%'essin(
1 Ima(e 5uality In*i'at%r sensiti)ities in per'ent %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness. base* %n s%ur'e an* +ilm si*e
in*i'at%rs respe'ti)ely
1 ba'&s'atter *ete'ti%n met/%*
1 *ensity
1 +ilm si*e Ima(e 5uality In*i'at%r CI5I4 i*enti+i'ati%n met/%*
1 +ilm '%)era(e
1 ,el* i*enti+i'ati%n system-
%lassification of radiographic techni*ues
4*4 T/e ra*i%(rap/i' te'/ni2ues use* s/all be a''%r*in( t% lass ! an* t/e re2uirements bel%,-
4*# lass ! te'/ni2ues s/%ul* als% be use* ,/en usin( (amma ray s%ur'es- I+. +%r te'/ni'al reas%ns. it is n%t
p%ssible t% meet %ne %+ t/e '%n*iti%ns spe'i+ie* +%r lass !. t/e n%te t% /apter = %+ ISO 1<>#>-1 s/all apply-
'mage 8uality 'ndicators
4*5 Ima(e 5uality In*i'at%rs CI5Is4 s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in ISO 1H"#"- T/e ,ire material s/all
/a)e a '%e++i'ient %+ abs%rpti%n as 'l%se as p%ssible t% t/e material teste*- I+ t/e abs%rpti%n '%e++i'ients %+ t/e
I5I material an* t/e material teste* *i++er by m%re t/an "0L. an e:perimental e)aluati%n a''%r*in( t% ISO
1H"#"-; s/all be per+%rme* t% establis/ t/e a''eptable ima(e 2uality )alues-
Sensitivity
4*& T/e sensiti)ities %btaine* *urin( pr%*u'ti%n ra*i%(rap/y s/all at least meet t/e re2uirements %+ ISO
1<>#>-1. Anne: A e:'ept +%r *%uble ,all te'/ni2ues ,it/ t/e I5I %n t/e +ilm si*e- F%r t/is te'/ni2ue. t/e
sensiti)ity %+ t/e +ilm si*e I5I +r%m t/e pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n s/all be use* as a''eptan'e 'riteri%n +%r +ilm
sensiti)ity-
Radiographic procedure *ualification
4*2 Ea'/ ra*i%(rap/i' pr%'e*ure an* t/e '%nsumables use* s/all be 2uali+ie* by ma&in( ra*i%(rap/i'
e:p%sures %+ a ,el*e* G%int %r base material ,it/ t/e same %r typi'al '%n+i(urati%n an* *imensi%ns. an* %+
material e2ui)alent t% t/at ,/i'/ s/all be use* in pr%*u'ti%n ra*i%(rap/y-
F%r pr%'e*ures usin( s%ur'e si*e I5Is. t/e sensiti)ity s/all meet t/e appli'able 'riteri%n in ISO 1<>#>-1. Anne:
A an* t/e a)era(e *ensity at t/e s%un* ,el* metal ima(e s/all be minimum "-0- T/e ma:imum *ensity all%,e*
s/all be a''%r*in( t% t/e 'apabilities %+ t/e a)ailable )ie,in( e2uipment. but n%t m%re t/an ;-0-
4*: F%r pr%'e*ures usin( +ilm si*e I5Is. t/e I5Is s/all +%r ra*i%(rap/i' pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n purp%ses be
pla'e* %n b%t/ t/e +ilm si*e an* t/e s%ur'e si*e-
T/e sensiti)ity %+ t/e s%ur'e an* +ilm si*e I5Is s/all b%t/ satis+y t/e appli'able 'riteria in ISO 1<>#>-1. Anne:
A an* t/e *ensity s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ "0F-
I+ t/e sensiti)ity %+ t/e +ilm si*e I5I is better t/an re2uire* by t/e appli'able 'riteri%n in ISO 1<>#>-1. Anne:
A t/e +ilm si*e sensiti)ity %btaine* *urin( pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n s/all be re'%r*e* an* be a''eptan'e 'riteri%n
+%r t/e sensiti)ity %+ t/e +ilm si*e I5I *urin( pr%*u'ti%n ra*i%(rap/y-
Processing and storage
4)* Pr%'essin( %+ ra*i%(rap/s s/all '%n+%rm t% ISO 1<>#>-1- St%ra(e s/all be su'/ t/at t/e ra*i%(rap/s
maintain t/eir 2uality +%r a minimum %+ = years ,it/%ut *eteri%rati%n- T/i%sulp/ate tests s/all be per+%rme* at
re(ular inter)als-
I+ ra*i%(rap/ st%ra(e time in e:'ess %+ = years is re2uire*. t/e ra*i%(rap/s s/%ul* be *i(itise* usin( met/%*s
(i)in( a*e2uate res%luti%n an* st%re* in ele'tr%ni' me*ia in an a(ree* manner-
Reporting
4)) Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10= an* !10>- In a**iti%n t% t/e items liste* in ISO 1<>#>-1 t/e
+%ll%,in( s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e ra*i%(rap/i' testin( rep%rt0
1 ra*i%(rap/i' pr%'e*ure re+eren'e
1 (e%metri' uns/arpness-
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age &6&
igital Radiography and Radioscopic testing
4)4 Di(ital ra*i%(rap/i' testin( te'/ni2ues in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1<>#>-" an* i+ rele)ant0 EN 1#0>F an*
EN1;<F;. may be use* pr%)i*e* t/e e2uipment /as been 2uali+ie*. in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n F. t% (i)e
sensiti)ity an* *ete'ti%n e2ui)alent t% '%n)enti%nal :-ray a''%r*in( t% ISO 1<>#>-1- Di(ital ra*i%(rap/y s/all
be a''%r*in( t% lass ! %r better. as *es'ribe* in ISO 1<>#>-"- Di(ital ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ ,el* seam %+
,el*e* steel tubes s/all be a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-<-
Specific re*uirements to radiography of installation girth welds
4)8 F%r ra*i%(rap/y t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal re2uirements s/all apply +%r installati%n (irt/ ,el*s0
1 Pan%rami' Csin(le ,all sin(le ima(e4 e:p%sures s/all be use* ,/ene)er p%ssible
1 Flu%rmetalli' s'reens may be use* in '%mbinati%n ,it/ P-ray base* %n a satis+a't%ry pr%'e*ure
2uali+i'ati%n test ,/ere all re2uirements t% sensiti)ity are met- Films use* ,it/ +lu%rmetalli' s'reens s/all
be *esi(ne* +%r use ,it/ t/is s'reen type
1 F%r pipe ,it/ internal *iameter M "=0 mm (amma ray an* pan%rami' Csin(le ,all sin(le ima(e4 e:p%sures
may be use*- T/e (amma ray s%ur'e s/%ul* be Se <= use* ,it/ a +ilm system 'lass better t/an ; a''%r*in(
t% ISO 1<>#>-1. Table #- Ot/er types %+ ra*iati%n s%ur'es may be use* +%r small ,all t/i'&nesses in
'%mbinati%n ,it/ %t/er +ilm types- T/e use %+ (amma ray s%ur'es s/all al,ays be base* %n a satis+a't%ry
pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n test ,/ere all re2uirements t% sensiti)ity are met
1 @/ere n% internal a''ess is p%ssible. a *%uble ,all te'/ni2ue s/all be applie*
1 F%r t/e *%uble ,all *%uble ima(e te'/ni2ue :-ray s/all be use*- Flu%rmetalli' s'reens may be use* base*
%n a satis+a't%ry pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n test ,/ere all re2uirements t% sensiti)ity are met- Films +%r use
,it/ +lu%rmetalli' s'reens s/all be suitable +%r t/is s'reen type
1 F%r t/e *%uble ,all sin(le ima(e te'/ni2ue b%t/ P-ray an* (amma ray may be use*- T/e '/%i'e %+ ra*iati%n
s%ur'e. +ilm an* s'reen types s/all be base* %n a satis+a't%ry pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n test ,/ere all
re2uirements t% sensiti)ity are met-
3 8** Man'al 'l%ras!nic %es%ing !+ 1el"s in C-MnHl!1 all!7 s%eel 1i%h C-MnHl!1 all!7 s%eel 1el"
"e(!si%s
8*) 8ltras%ni' testin( s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ ISO 1<>;0 an* as re2uire* bel%,-
8*4 8ltras%ni' testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% a''epte* pr%'e*ures- T/e pr%'e*ure s/all be
establis/e* a''%r*in( t% DNV 'lassi+i'ati%n n%te <-
3ltrasonic testing procedures
8*8 8ltras%ni' testin( pr%'e*ures s/all be a''%r*in( t% !10" t/r%u(/ !10; an* DNV 'lassi+i'ati%n n%te <
an*. in'lu*e0
1 type %+ instrument
1 type an* *imensi%ns %+ pr%bes
1 ran(e %+ pr%be +re2uen'ies
1 *es'ripti%n %+ re+eren'e bl%'&
1 'alibrati%n *etails. ran(e an* sensiti)ity
1 sur+a'e re2uirements. in'lu*in( ma:imum temperature
1 type %+ '%uplin( me*ium
1 s'annin( te'/ni2ues supplemente* ,it/ s&et'/es. s/%,in( t/e pr%bes use* an* area '%)ere*
1 re'%r*in( *etails-
8*4 Typi'al appli'ati%ns. ,/i'/ re2uire spe'i+i' 8T pr%'e*ures. are0
1 8ltras%ni' e:aminati%n %+ ,el*s in austeniti' stainless steel
1 Ferriti'-austeniti' C*uple:4 stainless steels
1 Dete'ti%n %+ '%rr%si%n an*I%r t/i'&ness measurement
1 P/ase* array ultras%ni' testin(
1 Aut%mate* 8ltras%ni' Testin(. A8T
1 F%r spe'ial appli'ati%n *urin( in-ser)i'e inspe'ti%n
1 Estimati%n %+ *e+e't siJe C/ei(/t4 usin( '%n)enti%nal beam sprea* *ia(ram C"0 *! *r%p4. Time-O+-Fli(/t-
Di++ra'ti%n CTOFD4 te'/ni2ue %r t/e ba'& *i++ra'ti%n te'/ni2ue
1 Testin( %+ %bGe'ts ,it/ temperature %utsi*e t/e ran(e 0] t% ;0]-
T/e ultras%ni' testin( pr%'e*ure s/all be submitte* +%r a''eptan'e-
8*# N% spe'ial pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n test s/%ul* be re2uire* ,/en manual met/%*s are use*-
3ltrasonic testing techni*ues
8*5 8ltras%ni' testin( te'/ni2ues s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1<>;0 an* DNV 'lassi+i'ati%n n%te <. an*
t/e re2uirements bel%,-
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age &6'
G'i"ance n!%eF
6anual %r semi- aut%mate* ultras%ni' p/ase* array systems may be use* pr%)i*e* it is 2uali+ie* t/at su'/ systems
,ill (i)e t/e same sensiti)ity. res%luti%n an* *ete'ti%n ability as '%n)enti%nal ultras%ni' testin( per+%rme* a''%r*in(
t% t/e re2uirements (i)en in !#00 an* t/at spe'i+i' ultras%ni' testin( pr%'e*ures are *e)el%pe* an* a''epte*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
$anual ultrasonic testing e*uipment
8*& 6anual ultras%ni' testin( e2uipment s/all0
1 be appli'able +%r t/e pulse e'/% te'/ni2ue an* +%r t/e *%uble pr%be te'/ni2ue
1 '%)er as a minimum t/e +re2uen'y ran(e +r%m 1 t% > 6HJ
1 /a)e a 'alibrate* (ain re(ulat%r ,it/ ma:imum " *! per step %)er a ran(e %+ at least >0 *!
1 /a)e a +lat s'reen a''essible +r%m t/e +r%nt +%r *ire't pl%ttin( %+ re+eren'e 'ur)es %r be e2uippe* ,it/ *i(ital
DA- *isplay presentati%n %+ user-*e+ine* 'ur)es
1 all%, e'/%es ,it/ amplitu*es %+ =L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t t% be 'learly *ete'table un*er test '%n*iti%ns-
8*2 alibrati%n %+ ultras%ni' e2uipment s/all be un*erta&en a''%r*in( t% pr%'e*ures establis/e* a''%r*in(
t% a re'%(nise* '%*e %r stan*ar*. e-(- EN 1">>F-1-"-# %r AS6E V- Veri+i'ati%n %+ S'reen Hei(/t Binearity
an* Amplitu*e Binearity s/all be per+%rme* at t/e be(innin( %+ ea'/ peri%* %+ e:ten*e* use C%r e)ery # m%nt/s.
,/i'/e)er is less4- alibrati%n re'%r*s s/all be ma*e a)ailable up%n re2uest-
Semi(automated ultrasonic testing e*uipment
8*: Semi-aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( e2uipment s/all +%ll%, t/e e:aminati%n re2uirements %+ AS6E V.
Arti'le ;. 6an*at%ry Appen*i: VI-
Probes
8)* Pr%bes use* +%r testin( %+ ,el*s ,it/ -6n steel ,el* *ep%sits s/all be '/ara'terise* as re2uire* by ISO
10#<= an* ISO 1"<1=-
An(le beam s/ear-,a)e pr%bes s/all be a)ailable in an(les all%,in( e++e'ti)e testin( %+ t/e a'tual ,el*
'%nne'ti%ns- F%r testin( %+ (irt/ ,el*s %r ,el*s in plate pr%be an(les %+ ;=]. >0] an* <0] ,ill n%rmally be su++i'ient
but a**iti%nal pr%bes %+ #=] an* ==] are re'%mmen*e*- Ot/er appli'ati%ns may re2uire pr%bes '%)erin( t/e ran(e
%+ #=] t% F0] t% all%, e++e'ti)e testin(-
Strai(/t beam pr%bes s/all be sin(le %r t,in 'rystal pr%bes- T,in 'rystal pr%bes s/all be use* ,/en testin( is
per+%rme* %n material ,it/ n%minal t/i'&ness t M >0 mm- Sin(le 'rystal pr%bes may be use* ,/en testin( is
per+%rme* %n material ,it/ n%minal t/i'&ness t >0 mm-
Pr%bes s/all. i+ ne'essary. be suitable +%r use %n /%t sur+a'es C100 t% 1=0]4-
8)) A**iti%nal pr%bes +%r time-%+-+li(/t *i++ra'ti%n CT%FD4 an* *%uble pr%be te'/ni2ues are re'%mmen*e*-
8)4 Pr%be +re2uen'ies s/all be sele'te* a''%r*in( t% ISO 1<>;0-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e n%minal an(le %+ pr%bes use* are n%rmally )ali* +%r -6n steels ,it/ '%mpressi%n ,a)e )el%'ity %+
appr%:imately =H00 mIs an* s/ear ,a)e )el%'ity %+ appr%:imately #"00 mIs at "0
%
-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
%oupling medium
8)8 T/e same '%uplin( me*ium as use* +%r 'alibrati%n an* settin( %+ (ains an* ampli+i'ati%n s/all be use*
*urin( testin(-
%alibration of range scale and angle determination
8)4 T/e II@ %r ISO 'alibrati%n bl%'&s CK1 E K"4 a''%r*in( t% ISO ";00 %r ISO <H># respe'ti)ely. s/all be
use* +%r 'alibrati%n %+ ran(e s'ale an* +%r an(le *eterminati%n- T/ese 'alibrati%n bl%'&s s/all. as near as
pra'ti'able. /a)e t/e same a'%usti' pr%perties as t/e material t% be teste*-
Reference bloc.s for setting of reference levels
8)# F%r testin( %+ ,el*s re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all be use* +%r (ain 'alibrati%n an* '%nstru'ti%n %+ t/e re+eren'e
'ur)es- T/e re+eren'e bl%'& s/all be manu+a'ture* +r%m t/e a'tual material t% be e:amine*- Re+eren'e bl%'&s
manu+a'ture* +r%m %t/er materials may be a''eptable pr%)i*e* t/at t/e material is *%'umente* t% /a)e
a'%usti' pr%perties similar t% t/e a'tual material t% be e:amine*- T/e re+eren'e bl%'& s/all /a)e len(t/ an*
,i*t/ *imensi%ns suitable +%r t/e s%un* beam pat/ +%r all pr%be types an* t/e material *imensi%nCs4 t% be
teste*-
F%r testin( %+ ,el*s in plate an* similar (e%metries a re+eren'e bl%'& ,it/ si*e *rille* /%les s/all be use*- T/e
t/i'&ness %+ t/e re+eren'e bl%'&. *iameter an* p%siti%n %+ t/e *rille* /%les s/all be as s/%,n in Fi(ure 1 an*
Table D-1-
F%r testin( %+ ,el*s in pipe ,/en testin( 'an be per+%rme* +r%m %ne si*e %nly. an* t/e DA re+eren'e si(nals
'an %nly be %btaine* +r%m t/e si*e ,/ere t/e inspe'ti%n s/all be per+%rme*. i-e- t/e D si*e. t/e re+eren'e bl%'&s
s/all /a)e si*e *rille* /%les at TI;. TI" an* #I;T-
@/en ultras%ni' testin( is t% be per+%rme* %n T6P steel re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all. ,/en re2uire*. be pr%*u'e*
perpen*i'ular t% an*I%r parallel t% t/e *ire'ti%n %+ r%llin(- T/e r%llin( *ire'ti%n s/all be 'learly i*enti+ie*-
8)5 F%r testin( %+ l%n(itu*inal ,el*s in pipe an* similar (e%metries t/e re+eren'e bl%'& s/all in a**iti%n t%
t/e +eatures re2uire* ab%)e. /a)e a 'ur)ature e2ual t% t/e pipe t% be teste*-
Fig're )
Re+erence 6l!c0 "i$ensi!ns
8)& All re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all be mar&e* ,it/ an i*enti+i'ati%n t/at relates t% t/e spe'i+i' appli'ati%n %+ ea'/
bl%'&
Gain calibration
8)2 T/e DA- 'ur)e s/all be '%nstru'te* usin( re+eren'e bl%'&s ,it/ si*e-*rille* /%les as *es'ribe* in #1;-
8): Re+eren'e bl%'&s n%t ma*e +r%m t/e a'tual material t% be teste* s/all be '/e'&e* +%r )ariati%n in a'%usti'
pr%perties bet,een t/e re+eren'e bl%'& an* t/e a'tual material- T/e )ariati%n 'an be '/e'&e* by 'alibratin( t/e
ran(e s'ale %n t/e ISO ";00 bl%'& ,it/ a n%rmal pr%be an* subse2uently measure a &n%,n material t/i'&ness
,it/ t/is 'alibrati%n-
84* @/ene)er ultras%ni' testin( %+ ,el*s in T6P steel is per+%rme*. t/e *i++eren'e in attenuati%n bet,een
trans)erse an* l%n(itu*inal r%llin( *ire'ti%n s/all be '/e'&e* ,/en t/e s'annin( *ire'ti%n '/an(es bet,een
trans)erse an* parallel t% t/e r%llin( *ire'ti%n- T/is re2uires DA '%nstru'te* by use %+ 'alibrati%n bl%'&s ta&en
+r%m trans)erse an* parallel t% t/e r%llin( *ire'ti%n- Di++eren'e in (ain settin( must be n%te* an* ta&en int%
'%nsi*erati%n ,/en e)aluati%n %+ in*i'ati%ns is per+%rme*-
84) @/en testin( is 'arrie* %ut %+ ,el*s in T6P steel t/e a'tual beam an(le s/all be *etermine*- T/e an(le
'an be 'al'ulate* usin( tri(%n%metri' +un'ti%ns as l%n( as t/e *istan'e an* *ept/ t% t/e re+le't%rs in t/e T6P
steel re+eren'e bl%'& is &n%,n- Alternati)ely t/e met/%* *es'ribe* in App-E. subse'ti%n K 'an be use*-
%onstruction of the reference curves /)%0
844 T/e e'/% re+le'te* +r%m t/e *rille* /%le in t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'& s/all be ma:imise* an* t/e amplitu*e
set at F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t-
848 T/e +irst p%int %+ DA must be sele'te* su'/ t/at t/e *istan'e in s%un* pat/ +r%m t/e pr%be in*e: t% t/e
*rille* /%le is n%t less t/an 0-> N ,/ere N is t/e near +iel* len(t/ %+ t/e rele)ant pr%be- T/e DA s/all be
Ta6le D-) Re+erence 3l!c0 Di$ensi!ns
$aterial thic.ness /t0
Thic.ness
of reference
bloc. /T0
iameter of
side drilled
hole /mm0
Position of
side drilled
hole
4ote
T M 1= mm 1= mm %r t "-; 0-"
TI"
A**iti%nal /%les are re2uire* +%r
testin( %+ pipe ,/en t/e DA 'an
be '%nstru'te* +r%m %ne si*e %nly-
A**iti%nal /%les are (enerally
all%,e* an* re'%mmen*e*
1= mm t M #= mm "0 mm %r t
#-0 0-"
#= mm t M =0 mm #F mm %r t
=0 mm t M 100 mm <= mm %r t
#-0 0-" TI;
100 mm t M 1=0 mm 1"= mm %r t
'%nstru'te* by %btainin( at least # p%ints %n t/e 'ur)e- T/e (ain settin( s/all be re'%r*e* an* '%mprises t/e
primary (ain-
T/e re'%r*e* (ain +%ll%,in( all '%rre'ti%ns +%r sur+a'e '%n*iti%n an* attenuati%n is t/e '%rre'te* primary (ain-
Alternati)ely. a Time %rre'te* 3ain 'alibrati%n 'an be use* i+ t/e ultras%ni' apparatus is +itte* ,it/ a time
'%rre'te* (ain CT34 '%rre'ti%n- T/e e'/% amplitu*e re+le'te* +r%m t/e *rille* /%le in t/e 'alibrati%n 'an be
a*Guste* t% F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t %)er t/e ,/%le ran(e in 2uesti%n- DA ,ill t/us be a /%riJ%ntal line-
Periodical chec.s of e*uipment+ re(calibration and re(e"amination
844 At appr%:imately +%ur-/%urly inter)als an* at t/e en* %+ testin(. t/e ran(e s'ale. pr%be an(le an* primary
(ain must be '/e'&e* an* '%n+irme*-
I+ *e)iati%n is +%un* t% be lar(er t/an "L %+ ran(e s'ale. %r ; *! %+ primary (ain settin( %r "] %+ n%minal pr%be
an(le. t/e e2uipment s/all be re-'alibrate* an* t/e testin( 'arrie* %ut ,it/ t/e e2uipment %)er t/e pre)i%us
peri%* s/all be repeate*-
Re-'alibrati%n s/all be per+%rme* ,/ene)er t/e e2uipment /as been %ut +un'ti%n +%r any reas%n in'lu*in( %n-
%++ an* ,/ene)er t/ere is any *%ubt '%n'ernin( pr%per +un'ti%n %+ t/e e2uipment-
%ontact surface
84# F%r ultras%ni' testin( t/e '%nta't sur+a'e s/all be 'lean an* sm%%t/. i-e- +ree +r%m *irt. s'ale. rust. ,el*in(
spatter. et'- ,/i'/ may in+luen'e t/e result %+ t/e testin(- %rre'ti%n +%r *i++eren'es in sur+a'e '%n*iti%ns an*
attenuati%n bet,een t/e re+eren'e bl%'& an* t/e a'tual ,%r& pie'e s/all be per+%rme* an* t/e ma:imum
'%rre'ti%n all%,e* %n +lat sur+a'es is > *!-
Testing levels
845 T/e testin( le)el s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1<>;0. '/apter 11. testin( le)el ! an* t/e re2uirements bel%,-
Probe selection
84& In a**iti%n t% strai(/t beam pr%be minimum t,% an(le pr%bes s/all be use* +%r t/e testin(. see t/e
(ui*an'e (i)en in Table D-"- It is emp/asise* t/at t/is table is +%r (ui*an'e an* t/at t/e a'tual '/%i'e %+ an(le
pr%bes must be ma*e 'are+ully an* *epen*in( %n material t/i'&ness. ,el* be)el an* type %+ *e+e'ts li&ely t%
%''ur ,it/ t/e ,el*in( met/%* use*-
842 T/e '/%i'e %+ %ptimum pr%be an(le +%r initial +ull s'annin( %+ t/e ,el* s/all be '/%sen su'/ t/at in'i*ent
an(le %+ t/e s%un* beam 'entre is perpen*i'ular t% t/e si*e %+ t/e ,el* be)el- I+ t/is an(le *%es n%t '%mply ,it/
any stan*ar* pr%be an(le. t/e nearest lar(er pr%be an(le s/all be sele'te*-
84: In a**iti%n t% t/e pr%be use* +%r initial s'annin( t,% a**iti%nal an(le pr%bes s/all be use* ,/en p%ssible-
88* T/ese a**iti%nal pr%bes s/all /a)e a lar(er an* smaller an(le t/an t/e pr%be use* +%r initial s'annin(-
T/e *i++eren'es in an(le s/all be m%re t/an 10
%
-
88) I+ %nly %ne a**iti%nal pr%be 'an be use* t/e an(le +%r t/is pr%be s/%ul* be0
1 10] *i++erent
1 Bar(er t/an t/e initial pr%be i+ t/e s%un* beam 'entre %+ t/e initial pr%be is perpen*i'ular t% t/e si*e %+ t/e
,el* be)el
1 Smaller t/an t/e initial pr%be i+ t/e nearest lar(er pr%be an(le ,as sele'te* +%r t/e initial pr%be
Testing of welds
884 @/en s'annin(. t/e (ain s/all be in'rease* by a minimum %+ > *! ab%)e t/e '%rre'te* primary (ain-
Testin( %+ ,el*s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1<>;0-
888 T/e s'annin( J%ne +%r an(le pr%bes in t/e base material s/all be e:amine* ,it/ strai(/t beam Cn%rmal4
pr%bes +%r +eatures t/at mi(/t in+luen'e t/e an(le beam testin(- T/e s'annin( J%ne is *e+ine* as 1-= +ull s&ip
*istan'e- Features inter+erin( ,it/ t/e s'annin( s/all be rep%rte*-
884 T/e ,el*s s/all ,/ene)er +easible be teste* +r%m b%t/ si*es %n t/e same sur+a'e an* in'lu*e s'annin(
+%r b%t/ trans)erse an* l%n(itu*inal in*i'ati%ns- F%r T-G%ints an* plate t/i'&ness ab%)e <0 mm. s'annin( +r%m
b%t/ sur+a'es an* all a''essible si*es s/all be per+%rme*-
!valuation of indications
Ta6le D-4 9aren% $a%erial %hic0ness an" rela%e" 9r!6e angle
Parent material thic.ness+ T Probe angle
1= t% ;0 mm
;= an* >0 %r <0
C<0 ,/en e V %r K (r%%)e4
T _ ;0 mm
;= an* >0 %r <0
C<0 ,/en e V %r K (r%%)e4
1= t% ;0 mm
;= an* >0 %r <0
C<0 ,/en e V %r K (r%%)e4
88# F%r e)aluati%n %+ in*i'ati%ns t/e (ain s/all be re*u'e* by t/e in'rease* *! le)el use* *urin( s'annin(-
885 All in*i'ati%ns e2ual t% %r e:'ee*in( ##L %+ t/e re+eren'e 'ur)e Ce)aluati%n le)el4 s/all be e)aluate*-
T/e in*i'ati%ns s/all be in)esti(ate* by ma:imisin( t/e e'/%es by r%tatin( t/e pr%bes an* by usin( *i++erent
an(le pr%bes ,it/ DA establis/e* a''%r*in( t% #"1 an* #""-
88& T/e len(t/ %+ an in*i'ati%n s/all be *etermine* by measurin( t/e *istan'e bet,een t/e p%ints ,/ere t/e
e'/% amplitu*e e:'ee*s t/e e)aluati%n le)el usin( t/e +i:e* le)el te'/ni2ue-
882 T/e +inal e)aluati%n a(ainst t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be base* %n t/e e'/% amplitu*e an* len(t/
measure* ,it/ t/e pr%be an(le (i)in( t/e ma:imum resp%nse-
Reporting
88: Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10= an* !10>- In a**iti%n t% t/e items liste* in ISO 1<>;0 t/e
+%ll%,in( s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e ultras%ni' testin( rep%rt0
1 i*enti+i'ati%n %+ t/e ultras%ni' testin( pr%'e*ure use*
1 t/e len(t/ %+ a''eptable in*i'ati%ns ,it/ amplitu*e e:'ee*in( =0L %+ t/e re+eren'e 'ur)e-
3 4** Man'al 'l%ras!nic %es%ing !+ 1el"s 1i%h CRA ."'(le,= !%her s%ainless s%eels an" nic0el all!7
s%eel/ 1el" "e(!si%s
General
4*) 8ltras%ni' testin( s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ !#00. ISO ""F"=. ISO 1<>;0. an* as re2uire*
bel%,-
4*4 @el* *ep%sits in *uple:. austeniti' stainless steels an* ni'&el all%ys /a)e a '%arse (rain stru'ture ,it/
)ariati%ns in (rain siJe an* stru'ture resultin( in unpre*i'table +lu'tuati%ns in attenuati%n an* ultras%ni' beam
patterns- Duple: an* austeniti' stainless steel base materials. in parti'ular +%r(in(s an* 'astin(s. ,ill /a)e t/e
same '/ara'teristi's-
8ltras%ni' testin( %+ ,el*s ,it/ RA C*uple:. %t/er stainless steels an* ni'&el all%y steel4 ,el* *ep%sits ,ill
in %r*er t% a'/ie)e an a*e2uate *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns re2uire t/at spe'ial 'alibrati%n bl%'&s an* pr%bes are
use* +%r testin( %+ ,el*s in t/ese materials- An(le pr%bes (eneratin( '%mpressi%n ,a)es s/all be use*. but
alternati)e ,a)e+%rms may be empl%ye* pr%)i*in( pr%'e*ure te'/ni2ues /a)e been *em%nstrate* an* pr%)i*e
e2ui)alent *ete'ti%n 'apabilities-
4*8 Spe'i+i' ultras%ni' testin( pr%'e*ures s/all be *e)el%pe* +%r t/is testin( in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/is '/apter an*
in'lu*in( t/e in+%rmati%n re2uire* in !10" an* !#0#- T/e pr%'e*ure s/all be submitte* +%r a''eptan'e pri%r t% start
%+ testin(-
Personnel *ualifications
4*4 In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements (i)en in A=00 pers%nnel per+%rmin( testin( %+ ,el*s ,it/ *uple:. %t/er
stainless steels an* ni'&el all%y steel ,el* *ep%sits s/all be 2uali+ie* +%r %r *%'ument a*e2uate e:perien'e an*
trainin( +%r t/is type %+ ultras%ni' testin(-
$anual ultrasonic testing e*uipment
4*# T/e re2uirements (i)en in !#0< an* !#0F s/all apply
Probes
4*5 In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements (i)en in !#0H. !#10 an* !#11. t/e re2uirements bel%, s/all apply-
4*& Pr%bes use* +%r testin( s/%ul* be strai(/t beam trans*u'ers an* t,in 'rystal CtransmitterIre'ei)er4
'%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes %+ ;=]. >0] an* <0]- In a**iti%n similar s/ear-,a)e an(le pr%bes s/all be use*. i+
+%un* suitable-
4*2 In (eneral. usin( a '%mbinati%n %+ s/ear an* '%mpressi%n ,a)e an(le pr%bes is re'%mmen*e* sin'e t/e
*ete'ti%n %+ S%pen t% sur+a'eT imper+e'ti%ns %n t/e %pp%site sur+a'e %+ t/e s'annin( sur+a'e. e-(- in'%mplete
penetrati%n %r la'& %+ +usi%n. may in'rease by usin( s/ear ,a)e pr%bes- It must. /%,e)er. be )eri+ie* by usin(
'alibrati%n bl%'&s ,it/ a'tual ,el* '%nne'ti%ns. see ;1F bel%,. t/at an(le s/ear ,a)e pr%bes are suitable-
4*: reep ,a)e pr%bes s/all be use* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ sub sur+a'e *e+e'ts 'l%se t% t/e s'annin( sur+a'e. unless
testin( 'an be per+%rme* +r%m %pp%site si*es-
Reference bloc.s for setting of reference levels
4)* In a**iti%n t% t/e re+eren'e bl%'&s as *es'ribe* in !#1=. !#1> an* !#1<. re+eren'e bl%'&s prepare* +r%m
t/e a'tual test material an* '%ntainin( ,el*s pr%*u'e* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e a'tual @PS s/all be use* +%r
establis/in( t/e DA- T/ese re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all /a)e t/e ,el* (r%un* +lus/ an* t/e sur+a'e '%n*iti%n %+ t/e
'alibrati%n bl%'&s s/all be typi'al %+ t/e '%n*iti%n %+ t/e parent materialCs4 in t/e s'annin( areas-
4)) T/e re+eren'e bl%'& +%r '%nstru'ti%n %+ DA s/all /a)e si*e *rille* /%les ,it/ *imensi%ns a''%r*in( t%
Table D-# an* l%'ate* as s/%,n in Fi(ure "- T/e len(t/ an* ,i*t/ %+ t/e re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all be su++i'ient t%
all%, t/e s'annin( nee*e* +%r '%nstru'ti%n %+ t/e DA-
Fig're 4
Re+erence 6l!c0 +!r c!ns%r'c%i!n !+ DAC= "i$ensi!ns
N%tes0
14 Si*e *rille* /%les s/all be *rille* in t/e +usi%n line an* in t/e base material- H%les in t/e base material s/all be in t/e same relati)e
p%siti%n as t/e +usi%n line /%les-
"4 H%les s/all be *rille* in b%t/ +usi%n lines an* base material ,/en t,% *issimilar materials are ,el*e* t% ea'/ %t/er-
#4 F%r *%uble si*e* ,el*s. si*e *rille* /%les s/all be l%'ate* in t/e +usi%n line +%r t/e +ull t/i'&ness %+ t/e ,el*-
;4 F%r /%le p%siti%ns ,/en t =0 mm. see Table D-#-
4)4 T/e re+eren'e bl%'& +%r sensiti)ity settin( +%r 'reep ,a)e pr%bes s/all /a)e 0-=. 1-0 an* "-0 mm spar&
er%*e* n%t'/es ,it/ a minimum len(t/ %+ "0 mm as s/%,n in Fi(ure #- T/e l%'ati%n %+ n%t'/es s/all all%,
settin( a(ainst ea'/ in*i)i*ual n%t'/-
Fig're 8
Re+erence 6l!c0 +!r sensi%i-i%7 se%%ing +!r cree( 1a-e (r!6es= "i$ensi!ns
%onstruction of the reference curves /)%0 for angle compression wave probes
Ta6le D-8 Re+erence 3l!c0 Di$ensi!ns
$aterial thic.ness /t0 Thic.ness of reference
bloc. /T0 in
iameter of side drilled hole
in mm
Position of side drilled holes.
T M 1= mm 1= mm %r t "-; 0-"
TI;. TI" an* T#I; 1= mm t M #= mm "= mm %r t
#-0 0-"
#= mm t M =0 mm ;= mm %r t
=0 mm t M 100 mm <= mm %r t
#-0 0-"
T/e *istan'e bet,een t/e t,%
%uter /%les an* t/e nearest sur+a'e
s/all n%t e:'ee* 1" mm-
100 mm t M 1=0 mm
1"= mm %r t
4)8 An(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes s/all an* 'an %nly be use* +%r s'annin( ,it/%ut s&ippin(- T/e
'%nstru'ti%n %+ t/e DA 'ur)es usin( an(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%be s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t%0
1 ,/en t/e ultras%ni' beam is passin( t/r%u(/ t/e parent metal %nly
1 ,/en ultras%ni' beam is passin( t/r%u(/ t/e ,el* metal-
4)4 @/en t/e ultras%ni' beam is passin( t/r%u(/ t/e parent metal %nly t/e DA 'ur)e s/all be '%nstru'te* +r%m
t/e *rille* /%les in t/e parent material %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&s. see Fi(ure "- Ne:t. a ma:imum resp%nse s/all be
%btaine* +r%m t/e /%les in t/e ,el* +usi%n line an* i+ ne'essary. t/e (ain settin( s/all be a*Guste* su'/ t/at t/is
resp%nse rea'/ t/e DA '%nstru'te* a(ainst *rille* /%les in t/e parent material- T/is s/all be t/e primary (ain t%
be use* ,/en l%'atin( in*i'ati%ns %n t/e +usi%n line %n t/e si*e %+ t/e ,el* nearest t% t/e s'annin( si*e-
4)# @/en t/e ultras%ni' beam is passin( t/r%u(/ t/e ,el* metal. t/e DA 'ur)e s/all be '%nstru'te* +r%m
t/e /%les *rille* in t/e +usi%n line %n t/e si*e %+ t/e ,el* %pp%site t% t/e s'annin( si*e- See Fi(ure "- T/is DA
s/all be )eri+ie* a(ainst t/e /%les *rille* in t/e base material- Any )ariati%ns must be n%te* s% t/at e'/%es
re+le'te* +r%m in*i'ati%ns ,it/in t/e ,el* J%ne 'an be e)aluate* +%r amplitu*e resp%nse-
Transfer correction
4)5 Sin'e '%mpressi%n ,a)e an(le pr%bes 'an %nly be use* ,it/%ut s&ippin(. trans+er '%rre'ti%n 'an n%t be
per+%rme*- T/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&s must t/ere+%re /a)e a sur+a'e +inis/ similar t% t/e pr%*u'ti%n material-
Sensitivity setting for creep wave probes
4)& T/e re+eren'e bl%'& s/%,n in Fi(ure # s/all be use* +%r sensiti)ity settin( +%r 'reep ,a)e pr%bes- T/e
e'/% resp%nse +r%m t/e 1-0 mm n%t'/ s/all be set t% <=L %+ FSH-
Shear wave angle probes
4)2 I+ s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes are '%nsi*ere* +%r s&ippe* s'annin( %r in t/e r%%t area %+ sin(le si*e* ,el*s. it
must be )eri+ie* %n t/e re+eren'e bl%'&s ,it/ ,el*s. see Fi(ure ". i+ it is p%ssible t% %btain a DA ,it/ a s/ear
,a)e an(le pr%be t/at is '%mparable t% t/e DA %btaine* ,it/ an an(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%be-
Preparation of weld and scanning surfaces for testing
4): Pri%r t% startin( t/e testin( t/e e:ternal ,el* 'ap s/all be (r%un* +lus/ ,it/ t/e a*Ga'ent base material-
T/e sur+a'e +inis/ %+ t/e ,el* an* t/e s'annin( areas s/all be as t/at %n t/e re+eren'e bl%'&s t% be use* %r better-
Probe selection
44* In a**iti%n t% t/e strai(/t beam pr%be minimum t,% an(le pr%bes s/all be use* +%r t/e testin(. see t/e
(ui*an'e (i)en in Table D-" an* !#"< t/r%u(/ !##1-
44) @/ere t/e ,el* '%n+i(urati%n %r a*Ga'ent parts %+ t/e %bGe't are su'/ t/at s'annin( +r%m b%t/ si*es is n%t
p%ssible. t,% a**iti%nal pr%bes s/all al,ays be use*-
3 #** Man'al $agne%ic (ar%icle %es%ing !+ 1el"s
General
#*) 6a(neti' parti'le testin( s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ ISO 1<>#F an* as re2uire* bel%,-
#*4 6a(neti' parti'le testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% a''epte* pr%'e*ures-
$agnetic particle testing procedures
#*8 6a(neti' parti'le testin( pr%'e*ures s/all be a''%r*in( t% !10" t/r%u(/ !10; an* in'lu*e0
1 type %+ ma(netisati%n
1 type %+ e2uipment
1 sur+a'e preparati%n
1 ,et %r *ry met/%*
1 ma&e an* type %+ ma(neti' parti'les an* '%ntrast paint
1 ma(netisin( 'urrent C+%r pr%* ma(netisin(. t/e pr%* type an* spa'in( s/all be state*4
1 *ema(netisati%n
1 *es'ripti%n %+ t/e testin( te'/ni2ue-
#*4 N% spe'ial pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n tests is re2uire*-
$agnetising e*uipment
#*# T/e e2uipment s/all be teste* at ma:imum > m%nt/s inter)al t% )eri+y t/at t/e re2uire* +iel* stren(t/ is
establis/e* at t/e ma:imum p%le *istan'eIpr%* spa'in( t% be use*- T/e results s/all be re'%r*e*-
#*5 Pr%*s s/all be s%+t tippe* ,it/ lea* %r similar- Spar&s bet,een t/e pr%*s an* t/e material teste* s/all be a)%i*e*-
#*& Ele'tr%ma(neti' A y%&es s/all *e)el%p a minimum li+tin( +%r'e %+ ;-= &( at ma:imum p%le *istan'e
%n a bl%'& ,it/ e2ui)alent ma(neti' pr%perties as t/e %bGe't t% be teste*- T/e li+tin( +%r'e s/all be '/e'&e* pri%r
t% start %+ any testin( an* at re(ular inter)als *urin( testin(-
#*2 8se %+ permanent ma(nets an* D y%&es may %nly be use* +%r spe'i+i' appli'ati%ns i+ re2uire* by
nati%nal re(ulati%ns an* subGe't t% a(reement-
)pplication techni*ues
#*: 6a(neti' parti'le testin( s/all n%t be per+%rme* %n parts ,it/ sur+a'e temperatures e:'ee*in( #00]-
!et,een >0] an* #00]. %nly *ry ma(neti' parti'le testin( s/all be use*-
etection media
#)* F%r b%t/ ,et %r *ry parti'les. t/ey s/all pr%)i*e a*e2uate '%ntrast ,it/ t/e ba'&(r%un* %r t/e sur+a'e
bein( teste*-
;iewing conditions
#)) Testin( ,it/ +lu%res'ent ma(neti' parti'les s/all be '%n*u'te* in a *ar&ene* area ,it/ ma:imum "0 lu:
ba'&(r%un* li(/t. usin( +iltere* ultra)i%let li(/t ,it/ ,a)e len(t/s in t/e ran(e %+ #"00 t% #H00 f- T/e
minimum 8V li(/t intensity s/all be 1000 @I'm
"
- Operat%rsIinterpreters s/all all%, su++i'ient time +%r
eyesi(/t t% a*Gust t% t/e *ar& surr%un*in(s- Interpreters s/all n%t ,ear p/%t%-'/r%mati' )ie,in( ai*s-
F%r '%l%r '%ntrast te'/ni2ue. t/e minimum )ie,in( '%n*iti%ns s/all be 1000 l: ,/ite li(/t at t/e area %+
interest-
Reporting
#)4 Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10= an* !10>- In a**iti%n t% t/e items liste* in ISO 1<>#F t/e
+%ll%,in( s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e testin( rep%rt0
1 I*enti+i'ati%n %+ t/e testin( pr%'e*ure use*-
3 5** Man'al li<'i" (ene%ran% %es%ing !+ 1el"s
General
5*) Bi2ui* penetrant testin( s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ ISO #;=" an* as re2uire* bel%,
5*4 Bi2ui* penetrant testin( s/%ul* %nly be use* %n n%n-+err%ma(neti' materials %r materials ,it/ (reat
)ariati%n in ma(neti' permeability-
5*8 Bi2ui* penetrant testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% a''epte* pr%'e*ures- Vie,in( '%n*iti%ns s/all
be minimum 1000 l: at t/e area %+ interest-
Procedures
5*4 Bi2ui* penetrant testin( pr%'e*ures s/all be a''%r*in( t% !10" t/r%u(/ !10; an* in'lu*e0
1 sur+a'e preparati%n
1 ma&e an* type %+ penetrant. rem%)er. emulsi+ier an* *e)el%per
1 *etails %+ pre-testin( 'leanin( an* *ryin(. in'lu*in( materials use* an* time all%,e* +%r *ryin(
1 *etails %+ penetrant appli'ati%n0 t/e time t/e penetrant remains %n t/e sur+a'e. t/e temperature %+ t/e sur+a'e an*
penetrant *urin( t/e testin( Ci+ n%t ,it/in t/e 1=] t% #=] ran(e4
1 *etails %+ *e)el%per appli'ati%n. an* *e)el%pin( time be+%re e)aluati%n
1 met/%* +%r p%st-test 'leanin(-
5*# T/e penetrati%n an* *e)el%pin( times s/all be l%n( en%u(/ t% all%, e++e'ti)e *ete'ti%n %+ t/e smallest
in*i'ati%ns all%,e*- T/e penetrati%n time s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e manu+a'turers re'%mmen*ati%n. minimum 1=
minutes- De)el%pment time s/%ul* be at least e2ual t% t/e penetrati%n time- T/e inspe'ti%n area s/all be
m%nit%re* *urin( *e)el%pin( time- Dem%nstrati%n %+ a*e2uate *ete'ti%n s/all be per+%rme* +%r s/%rt
penetrati%n times-
5*5 @/en t/e temperature %+ t/e sur+a'e an* t/e penetrant is ,it/in t/e ran(e 1=] t% #=]. n% spe'ial
pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n tests s/%ul* be re2uire*-
Outsi*e t/e temperature ran(e 10] t% =0]. t/e pr%'e*ure s/all be 2uali+ie* an* a suitable '%mparat%r bl%'&
s/all be use* t% '%mpare in*i'ati%ns +r%m sur+a'e *e+e'ts teste* ,it/in an* %utsi*e t/e ran(e *urin( t/e
pr%'e*ure 2uali+i'ati%n-
Reporting
5*& Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10= an* !10>-
3 &** Man'al e""7 c'rren% %es%ing !+ 1el"s
General
&*) E**y 'urrent testin( s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ ISO 1<>;#- T/e limitati%ns (i)en in ISO
1<>;#. para(rap/ >-#. n%tes 1 an* " s/all apply-
&*4 E**y 'urrent testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% a''epte* pr%'e*ures-
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '%%
Procedure
&*8 E**y 'urrent testin( pr%'e*ures s/all '%ntain t/e in+%rmati%n in !10" an*0
1 type %+ pr%be
1 +re2uen'y settin(
1 'alibrati%n bl%'&s an* 'alibrati%n *etails
1 sur+a'e '%n*iti%n re2uirements
1 s'annin( *etails
!*uipment
&*4 E**y 'urrent e2uipment. in'lu*in( pr%bes an* 'ables. s/all be 'alibrate* at ma:imum > m%nt/s inter)als
an* s/all /a)e 'alibrati%n 'erti+i'ati%n pertainin( t% t/e '/ara'teristi's %+ t/e e2uipment-
&*# Fun'ti%nal '/e'&s %+ t/e e**y 'urrent e2uipment s/all be 'arrie* %ut ,/ene)er it /as been %ut %+ +un'ti%n
+%r any reas%n in'lu*in( %nI%++. an* ,/ene)er t/ere is any *%ubt '%n'ernin( pr%per +un'ti%nin( %+ t/e
e2uipment-
&*5 All 'alibrati%n bl%'&s s/all be mar&e* ,it/ an i*enti+i'ati%n t/at relates t% t/e spe'i+i' appli'ati%n %+
ea'/ bl%'&-
Surface conditions
&*& E:'ess ,el* spatter. s'ale. rust an* l%%se paint s/all be rem%)e* be+%re t/e inspe'ti%n-
&*2 ISO 1<>;# s/all apply-
Reporting
&*: Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10= an* !10>- In a**iti%n t% t/e items liste* in ISO 1<>;# t/e
+%ll%,in( s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e testin( rep%rt0
3 2** Dis'al e,a$ina%i!n !+ 1el"s
General
2*) Visual e:aminati%n %+ ,el*s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1<>#< an* a''epte* pr%'e*ures-
2*4 Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1<>#<- In a**iti%n t% t/e items liste* in ISO 1<>#< t/e +%ll%,in(
s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e testin( rep%rt0
3 :** Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r $an'al n!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing !+ 1el"s 1i%h n!$inal s%rains Q *.4B
an" n! ECA
General
:*) T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria (i)en in Table D-;. Table D-=. Table D-> an* Table D-< are appli'able +%r n%n-
*estru'ti)e testin( %+ ,el*s e:p%se* t% n%minal strains M 0-;L-
:*4 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria use t/e term *e+e't t% *e+ine an imper+e'ti%nIin*i'ati%n t/at /as e:'ee*e* (i)en
*imensi%ns an* t/us is *eeme* una''eptable-
:*8 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria (i)en in Table D-= assume t/at multi-pass ,el*s are use* an* t/at t/e /ei(/t %+
*e+e'ts ,ill n%t e:'ee* 0-"= t %r t/e /ei(/t %+ a ,el*in( pass- T/e /ei(/t %+ t/e ,el*in( pass s/all be assume*
n%t t% be m%re t/an # mm- I+ ,el*in( met/%*s resultin( in /i(/er ,el*in( passes are use* CSA@. S%ne-s/%tT
,el*in( et'-4. +la, in*i'ati%ns e2ual %r lar(er t/an t/e len(t/ limits (i)en in t/e tables s/all be /ei(/t
*etermine* ,it/ ultras%ni' testin(- I+ t/e /ei(/t e:'ee*s 0-" t. t/e *e+e't is n%t a''eptable unless pr%)en t% meet
t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r ultras%ni' testin( in Table D->-
:*4 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria (i)en in Table D-;. Table D-= an* Table D-> are (enerally appli'able +%r manual
n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t% t%tal n%minal strains M 0-;L-
:*# A''eptan'e 'riteria appli'able +%r aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( CA8T4 %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t%
t%tal n%minal strains M 0-;L are (i)en in Appen*i: E-
:*5 I+ t/e all%,able *e+e't siJes are establis/e* by an EA +%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t% t%tal n%minal
strains 0-;L. t/e pr%)isi%ns a''%r*in( t% !1000 s/all apply-
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '%$
6elds in pipeline components
:*& T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria (i)en in Table D-;. Table D-= an* Table D-> are (enerally appli'able +%r manual
n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ ,el*s in pipeline '%mp%nents- F%r (irt/ ,el*s '%nne'tin( a '%mp%nent t% t/e pipeline
%r +%r pup-pie'es ,el*e* t% t/e '%mp%nent. t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s s/all apply. unless %t/er
a''eptan'e 'riteria are (i)en in t/e *esi(n. manu+a'ture an* testin( *ata +%r t/e '%mp%nent-
:*2 F%r ,el*s e:p%se* t% t%tal n%minal strains 0-;L. t/e all%,able *e+e't siJes s/all be establis/e* by an
EA an* t/e pr%)isi%ns a''%r*in( t% !1000 s/all apply-
3 )*** ECA 6ase" n!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing acce(%ance cri%eria +!r (i(eline gir%h 1el"s
General
)**) A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r pipeline (irt/ ,el*s 'an be base* %n an En(ineerin( riti'al Assessment CEA4-
)**4 @/ene)er a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r NDT are establis/e* by an EA. t/e EA s/all be per+%rme* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements (i)en in Appen*i: A-
)**8 I+ a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r ,el* *e+e'ts are base* %n an EA an* /en'e in)%l)es siJin( %+ in*i'ati%n
/ei(/t an* len(t/s. manual ultras%ni' testin( %r aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( s/all be per+%rme*-
)**4 SiJin( %+ in*i'ati%n /ei(/t an* len(t/ by manual %r aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( ,ill /a)e in/erent
ina''ura'ies- T/e all%,able *e+e't siJes *eri)e* +r%m an EA must a''%r*in(ly be '%rre'te* +%r t/e ultras%ni'
testin( un'ertainty CsiJin( err%r4 as +%ll%,s0
1 I+ t/e EA (i)es t/e all%,able *e+e't siJe t/e siJin( err%r s/all be subtra'te* +r%m t/e 'al'ulate* all%,able
*e+e't /ei(/t an* len(t/ t% establis/ t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r n%n-*estru'ti)e testin(-
1 I+ t/e EA (i)es t/e material pr%perties an* stressesIstrains all%,e* t% t%lerate a (i)en *e+e't siJe t/e siJin(
err%r s/all be a**e* t% t/e *e+e't /ei(/t an* len(t/ use* as input int% t/e EA t% establis/ t/e a''eptan'e
'riteria +%r n%n-*estru'ti)e testin(-
)**# I+ an embe**e* *e+e't is l%'ate* 'l%se t% a sur+a'e. su'/ t/at t/e li(ament /ei(/t is less t/an /al+ t/e
*e+e't /ei(/t. t/e li(ament /ei(/t bet,een t/e *e+e't an* t/e sur+a'e s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e *e+e't /ei(/t-
)utomated ultrasonic testing uncertainty data
)**5 I+ aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( CA8T4 is use* +%r testin( %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s. t/e un'ertainty *ata
use* s/all be %btaine* +r%m t/e 2uali+i'ati%n testin( %+ t/e aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( system re2uire* in
Appen*i: E-
$anual ultrasonic testing uncertainty data
)**& F%r manual ultras%ni' testin( t/e *ata use* +%r 2uantitati)e estimates %+ un'ertainty per+%rman'e an*
reliability in t/e siJin( %+ in*i'ati%n len(t/ an* /ei(/t. s/all pre+erably be %+ t/e Smeasure* resp%nse )ersus
a'tual +la, siJeT type- T/e estimates s/all be base* %n publis/e* results +r%m '%mpre/ensi)e stu*ies int% t/e
reliability %+ manual ultras%ni' testin(-
)**2 I+ a*e2uate *ata +%r manual ultras%ni' testin( are n%t a)ailable. t/e siJin( err%r s/all n%t be ta&en as less
t/an "-= mm-
)cceptance criteria based on !%) assessment
)**: Appen*i: A (i)es re2uirements +%r establis/in( all%,able *e+e't siJes base* %n an EA assessment-
)*)* A''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be establis/e* by '%rre'tin( t/e all%,able *e+e't siJes *eri)e* +r%m t/e EA ,it/
t/e ultras%ni' testin( un'ertainty in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 100= %r 100> an* 100<-
G'i"ance n!%eF
A''eptan'e 'riteria base* %n EA ,ill +re2uently all%, si(ni+i'antly lar(er in*i'ati%ns t/an ,%r&mans/ip base*
a''eptan'e 'riteria- In %r*er t% maintain a /i(/ stan*ar* %+ ,el*in( EA base* all%,able *e+e't siJes may be use* as
a ,el* repair 'riteri%n rat/er t/an as a''eptan'e 'riteri%n- riteria t/at are m%re restri'ti)e are t/en use* as a measure
%+ t/e ,el*in( stan*ar* %btaine*- I+ t/ese m%re restri'ti)e 'riteria are e:'ee*e*. it s/%ul* be re2uire* t/at pre)entati)e
%r '%rre'ti)e a'ti%ns are per+%rme* t% maintain t/e re2uire* ,el*in( stan*ar*-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '%&
Ta6le D-4 Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r -is'al e,a$ina%i!n an" s'r+ace $e%h!" %es%ing !+ 1el"s
)/ 4/
;isual e"amination
E:ternal pr%+ile
Cn%t rele)ant +%r SA@B in pipe
mills4
@el*s s/all /a)e a re(ular +inis/ an* mer(e sm%%t/ly int% t/e base material an*
s/all n%t e:ten* bey%n* t/e %ri(inal G%int preparati%n by m%re t/an # mm C= mm
+%r SA@ ,el*s4-
Fillet ,el*s s/all be %+ spe'i+ie* *imensi%ns an* re(ular in +%rm-
ap an* r%%t rein+%r'ement /ei(/t
CB%n(itu*inal ,el*s4
E:ternal ,el*s0 F%r t M 1# mm0 ma:- #-0
mm-
F%r t 1# mm0 ma:- ;-0 mm
Internal ,el*s0 ma:- #-= mm
T/e ra*ial %++set %+ HF@ linepipe
s/all n%t re*u'e t/e t/i'&ness t% ,el*
t% less t/an t
min
-
@el* +las/ CHF@ pipe l%n(itu*inal
,el*s %nly4
T/e e:ternal +las/ s/all be trimme* essentially +lus/ ,it/ t/e pipe sur+a'e. ,it/
n% n%ti'eable ra*ial step-
T/e internal +las/ s/all n%t e:ten* ab%)e t/e '%nt%ur %+ t/e pipe by m%re t/an 0-#
mm W 0-0= t4- T/e trimmin( s/all n%t re*u'e t/e ,all t/i'&ness t% bel%, t
min
. an*
t/e (r%%)e resultin( +r%m t/e trimmin( s/all /a)e a sm%%t/ transiti%n t% t/e base
material ,it/%ut n%t'/es an* t/e *ept/ s/all be ma:- 0-0= t- Csee ISO #1F# Table
1=4
ap an* r%%t rein+%r'ement /ei(/t
CD%uble si*e* (irt/ ,el*s4
Hei(/t M 0-" t. but ma:- ;-0 mm
ap rein+%r'ement CSin(le si*e*
,el*s4
Hei(/t M 0-" t. but ma:- ;-0 mm
R%%t penetrati%n CSin(le si*e*
,el*s4
Hei(/t M 0-" t. but ma:- #-0 mm- Ben(t/ %+ e:'ess penetrati%n0 ma: "= mm
@el* interpenetrati%n C*%uble-si*e*
SA@ in pipe mills4
Opti%n 14 minimum 1-0 mm %)erlap in t/e ra*ial *ire'ti%n
Opti%n "4 @i*t/ %+ %)erlap t% be measure* ,it/ a strai(/t line perpen*i'ular t%
t/e ra*ial *ire'ti%n- T/e len(t/ s/all be minimum "0L %+ n%minal @T %r = mm.
,/i'/e)er is less-
ap '%n'a)ity N%t permitte*-
R%%t '%n'a)ity At n% p%int s/all t/e ,el* t/i'&ness be less t/an t
min

O++set %+ stripIplate e*(es
CB%n(itu*inal ,el*s4
F%r t 1= mm ma:- 1-# mm
F%r 1= mm M t "= mm ma:- 0-1 t
F%r t _ "= mm ma:- "-0 mm
F%r ,el*s in 'la*Iline* material t/e
%++set s/all n%t re*u'e t/e e++e'ti)e
t/i'&ness %+ t/e 'la**in(Ilinin( in t/e
r%%t area
Hi(/Il%, %n r%%t si*e %+ sin(le si*e*
(irt/ ,el*s
F%r t 1# mm ma:- 1-# mm
F%r 1# mm M t "0 mm ma:- 0-1 t
F%r t _ "0 mm ma:- "-0 mm
F%r ,el*s in 'la*Iline* material t/e
%++set s/all n%t re*u'e t/e e++e'ti)e
t/i'&ness %+ t/e 'la**in(Ilinin( in t/e
r%%t area
Trans)erse misali(nment %+ ,el*
bea*s +%r *%uble si*e* ,el*s
ma:- #-0 mm +%r t "0 mm ma:- ;-0 mm +%r t _ "0 mm
De)iati%n %+ ,el* t%e +r%m a strai(/t
line C*%uble-si*e* SA@ in pipe
mills4
T/e ,el* t%e s/all run parallel t% t/e ,el* l%n(itu*inal a:is- T/e ma:imum
*e)iati%n ,it/in any se'ti%n %+ #00 mm len(t/ is 0-"0 t. but n%t m%re t/an ;-0 mm-
A strai(/t line s/all be %riente* parallel t% t/e l%n(itu*inal a:is %+ t/e ,el* Ce-(-
t/e l%n(itu*inal a:is %+ t/e pipe4- T/e *istan'e +r%m t/is line t% t/e ,el* t%e s/all
be *etermine*. an* t/e *i++eren'e bet,een t/e p%int 'l%sest an* +art/est +r%m t/e
line s/all n%t e:'ee* t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria-
CO66ENT0 t/e intenti%n is t% *etermine t/e presen'e %+ b%t/ ,a)in( bea*I*%(-
le( an* ,i*enin(Inarr%,in( %+ t/e ,el* 'ap - b%t/ %+ ,/i'/ in*i'ates unstable
,el*in( pr%'ess- T/is s/%ul* n%t be a reas%n t% reGe't t/e pipe. sin'e t/e 'ap 'an
be (r%un*- !ut an inspe't%r s/all be in+%rme* be+%re any (rin*in(. an* measures
t% impr%)e t/e ,el*in( pra'ti'e s/all be implemente*4
8n*er'ut In*i)i*ual un*er'uts
A''umulate* len(t/ %+ un*er'uts in
any #00 mm len(t/ %+ ,el*0
Dept/ * Permitte* len(t/
* _ 1-0 mm N%t permitte* N%ne
1-0 mm * _ 0-= mm =0 mm
M ; t. ma:- 100 mm-
0-= mm * _ 0-" mm 100 mm
* M 0-" mm unlimite* unlimite*
ra'&s. Ar' burns. StartIst%p 'ratersI
p%%r restart. Sur+a'e p%r%sity
N%t permitte*-
Ba'& %+
penetrati%nIla'& %+
+usi%n
N%t permitte* +%r ,el*s in *uple: stainless steel. RAs an* 'la*Iline* steel
In*i)i*ual a''eptable len(t/0 t. ma:- "= mm-
A''umulate* len(t/ in any #00 mm len(t/ %+ ,el*0 t. ma:- =0 mm-
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '%'
Systemati' imper+e'ti%ns Imper+e'ti%ns t/at are *istribute* at re(ular *istan'es %)er t/e len(t/ %+ t/e ,el*
are n%t permitte* e)en i+ t/e siJe %+ any sin(le imper+e'ti%n meets t/e
re2uirements ab%)e
!urn t/r%u(/ N%t permitte* +%r ,el*s in *uple: stainless steel. RAs an* 'la*Iline* steel-
A''eptable +%r ,el*s in -6n an* l%, all%y steels pr%)i*e* t/at ,el* t/i'&ness
at n% p%int is less t/an t an*0
1 In*i)i*ual len(t/I,i*t/0 tI;. ma:- ; mm in any *imensi%n-
1 A''umulate* len(t/ in any #00 mm len(t/ %+ ,el*0 tI". ma:- F mm-
Surface testing /$T+ PT and !T0
@all t/i'&ness
mm
Type %+ in*i'ati%ns
R%un*e* Binear
Number Dimensi%n mm Number Dimensi%n mm
1> " ;-0 " "-0
_ 1> " ;-0 " "-0
N%tes0
14 Any t,% imper+e'ti%ns separate* by a *istan'e smaller t/an t/e maG%r *imensi%n %+ t/e smaller imper+e'ti%n s/all be '%nsi*ere*
as a sin(le imper+e'ti%n-
"4 Dete'table imper+e'ti%ns are n%t permitte* in any interse'ti%n %+ ,el*s-
Ta6le D-# Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r ra"i!gra(hic %es%ing !+ 1el"s
Type of defect )cceptance criteria
14 "4 #4104114
'ndividual discontinuities $a"imum accumulated si,e of in any K== mm
weld length for each type of discontinuity
P%r%sity
14 "4
S'attere*
luster
=4
@%rm/%le
H%ll%, bea*
Is%late*
>4
On-line
<4
Diameter0 M tI;. but ma:- # mm
In*i)i*ual p%re0 M" mm. 'luster *iameter ma:-
1" mm
Ben(t/0 tI". but ma:- 1" mm. @i*t/0 tI10. but
ma:- # mm
Ben(t/0 t. but ma:- "= mm. @i*t/0 ma:- 1-= mm
Diameter0 M tI;. ma: # mm
Diameter0 M" mm (r%up len(t/0 "t. but ma:- =0
mm
See N%te ;
One 'luster %r t%tal len(t/ M 1" mm
" ,%rm/%les %r t%tal len(t/ M 1" mm
Ben(t/ " t. but ma:- =0 mm
-
Sla(
14 "4 #4 F4
Is%late*
Sin(le lines
Parallel lines
@i*t/ M # mm
@i*t/0 ma: 1-=
In*i)i*ual ,i*t/0 ma: 1-=
Ben(t/ 1" mm. but ma:- ; %++ separate* by min
=0 mm
Ben(t/ " t. but ma:- "= mm
In'lusi%ns
Tun(sten
%pper. ,ire
Diameter M 0-= t. but ma:- # mm
N%t permitte*
6a: " %++ separate* by min =0 mm
-
Ba'& %+
penetrati%n
14 "4 #4 F4
R%%t
Embe**e*
H4
N%t permitte* +%r ,el*s in *uple: stainless steel.
RAs an* 'la*Iline* steel -
Ben(t/0 t. but ma:- "= mm
Ben(t/0 "t. but ma:- =0 mm
Ben(t/ t. but ma:- "= mm
Ba'& %+ +usi%n
14 "4 #4
F4
Sur+a'e
Embe**e*
N%t permitte* +%r ,el*s in *uple: stainless steel.
RAs an* 'la*Iline* steel
-
Ben(t/0 " t. but ma:- =0 mm
Ben(t/ t. but ma:- "= mm
ra'&s N%t permitte* -
S/rin&a(e 'a)ities
an* 'rater pipes
N%t permitte* -
Ta6le D-4 Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r -is'al e,a$ina%i!n an" s'r+ace $e%h!" %es%ing !+ 1el"s
)/ 4/
.C!n%in'e"/
;isual e"amination
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '%1
R%%t '%n'a)ity Ben(t/0 "t. but ma:- =0 mm Ben(t/0 " t. but ma:- =0 mm
R%%t un*er'ut
E:'ess penetrati%n
!urn t/r%u(/
See Table D-> See Table D-;
T%tal a''umulati%n %+ *is'%ntinuities Ce:'lu*in( p%r%sity4
1 6a:imum a''umulati%n %+ *is'%ntinuities in any #00 mm ,el* len(t/ # t. ma: 100 mm-
1 6a:imum a''umulati%n %+ *is'%ntinuities0 1"L %+ t%tal ,el* len(t/-
1 Any a''umulati%n %+ *is'%ntinuities in any 'r%ss se'ti%ns %+ ,el* t/at may '%nstitute a lea& pat/ %r may re*u'e t/e
e++e'ti)e ,el* t/i'&ness ,it/ m%re t/an tI# is n%t a''eptable-
N%tes0
14 Re+er t% t/e a**iti%nal re2uirements in !H0# +%r ,el*in( met/%*s t/at pr%*u'e ,el*in( passes e:'ee*in( 0-"= t-
"4 V%lumetri' imper+e'ti%ns separate* by less t/an t/e len(t/ %+ t/e smallest *e+e't %r *e+e't (r%up s/all be '%nsi*ere* as %ne
imper+e'ti%n-
#4 El%n(ate* imper+e'ti%n situate* in a line an* separate* by less t/an t/e len(t/ %+ t/e s/%rtest *e+e't s/all be '%nsi*ere* as %ne
imper+e'ti%n-
;4 F%r sin(le layer ,el*s0 1-=L %+ pr%Ge'te* area. +%r multi layer ,el*s ,it/ t M 1= mm "L %+ pr%Ge'te* area. +%r multi layer ,el*s
,it/ t 1= mm #L %+ pr%Ge'te* area-
=4 6a:imum 10L p%r%sity in 'luster area-
>4 SIs%late*T p%res are separate* by m%re t/an = times t/e *iameter %+ t/e lar(est p%re-
<4 P%res are SIn a lineT i+ n%t SIs%late*T an* i+ ; %r m%re p%res are t%u'/e* by a line *ra,n t/r%u(/ t/e %uter p%res an* parallel t%
t/e ,el*- SOn-lineT p%res s/all be '/e'&e* by ultras%ni' testin(- I+ ultras%ni' testin( in*i'ates a '%ntinu%us *e+e't. t/e 'riteria +%r
la'& %+ +usi%n *e+e't s/all apply-
F4 Dete'table imper+e'ti%ns are n%t permitte* in any interse'ti%n %+ ,el*s-
H4 Appli'able t% *%uble si*e* ,el*in( ,/ere t/e r%%t is ,it/in t/e mi**le tI# %nly-
104 A''eptan'e 'riteria %+ Table D-; s/all als% be satis+ie*-
114 Systemati' imper+e'ti%ns t/at are *istribute* at re(ular *istan'es %)er t/e len(t/ %+ t/e ,el* are n%t permitte* e)en i+ t/e siJe %+
any sin(le imper+e'ti%n meets t/e re2uirements ab%)e-
Ta6le D-# Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r ra"i!gra(hic %es%ing !+ 1el"s .C!n%in'e"/
14 "4 #4104114
'ndividual discontinuities $a"imum accumulated si,e of in any K== mm
weld length for each type of discontinuity
3 ))** Re(air !+ 1el"s
))*) A repaire* ,el* s/%ul* be subGe't t% t/e same testin( re2uirements an* a''eptan'e 'riteria as t/e %ri(inal
,el*-
))*4 In 'ases ,/en t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are base* %n an EA. spe'i+i' a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r repair ,el*s
s/all be establis/e* by an EA base* %n t/e +ra'ture t%u(/ness pr%perties %btaine* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n %+ t/e
repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ure-
))*8 Repair ,el*in( %+ 'ra'&s is n%t permitte* unless t/e 'ause %+ 'ra'&in( /as been establis/e* n%t t% be a
systemati' ,el*in( err%r- CI+ t/ere is a 'ra'& in t/e ,el*. t/e ,el* is per *e+initi%n '%nsi*ere* reGe'te*- T/is
means a te'/ni'al e)aluati%n %+ t/e 'ause %+ 'ra'&in( s/all be per+%rme*- I+ it 'an be *em%nstrate* t/at t/e
'ra'& is a S%ne %++T situati%n. t/en repair ,el*in( may be per+%rme* subGe't t% a(reement4-
C. Man'al N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing an" Dis'al E,a$ina%i!n !+ 9la%e= 9i(e an" Wel" O-erla7
C )** General
)*) All n%n-*estru'ti)e testin(. )isual inspe'ti%n %+ plate. pipe an* ,el* %)erlay s/all be a''%r*in( t%
a''epte* pr%'e*ures- N%te t/at t/e re2uirements %+ "00 are n%t appli'able t% plate %r pipe mills. see "01-
)*4 6anual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( an* )isual e:aminati%n pr%'e*ures s/all be prepare* as re2uire* in !10"
t/r%u(/ !10; t% re+le't t/e re2uirements %+ t/e applie* stan*ar*-
)*8 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r manual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( an* )isual e:aminati%n %+ plate. pipe an* ,el*
%)erlay are (i)en in >00-
Ta6le D-5 Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r $an'al 'l%ras!nic %es%ing !+ 1el"s
)/ 4/ 8/ 4/ #/ 5/ &/
-ase material thic.ness L mm t B <H mm -ase material thic.ness <H mm t <H= mm
$a". echo amplitude %orresponding acceptable
indication length+ # /mm0
$a". echo amplitude %orresponding acceptable
indication length+ # /mm0
Re+eren'e le)el CDA4 B t Cbut ma:- F mm4 DA W ; *! B 0-=t Cbut ma:- 1"-= mm4
DA E > *! B _ t Cbut ma:- F mm4 DA E " *! 0-= t M B t Cbut ma:- "= mm4
- - DA E > *! B _ t Cbut ma:- "= mm in b%t/ %uter
tI#4
- - DA E > *! B _ t Cbut ma:- =0 mm in mi**le tI#4
ra'&s are n%t permitte*-
&or welds in duple" stainless steel+ %R)s and clad/lined steel: Ba'& %+ +usi%n an* la'& %+ penetrati%n are n%t permitte*-
Transverse indications: In*i'ati%ns s/all be '%nsi*ere* as trans)erse i+ t/e e'/% amplitu*e trans)ersely e:'ee*s t/e e'/%
amplitu*e +r%m t/e same in*i'ati%n l%n(itu*inally ,it/ m%re t/an " *!- Trans)erse in*i'ati%ns are una''eptable unless
pr%)en n%t t% be planar. in ,/i'/ 'ase t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r l%n(itu*inal in*i'ati%ns apply-
&or indications approaching the ma"imum permitted length: It s/all be '%n+irme* t/at t/e in*i'ati%n /ei(/t is less t/an
0-" t %r ma:imum # mm Csee !H0#4-
I+ an embe**e* *e+e't is l%'ate* 'l%se t% a sur+a'e. su'/ t/at t/e li(ament /ei(/t is less t/an /al+ t/e *e+e't /ei(/t. t/e
li(ament /ei(/t bet,een t/e *e+e't an* t/e sur+a'e s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e *e+e't /ei(/t-
Total accumulation of discontinuities: T/e t%tal len(t/ %+ a''eptable in*i'ati%ns ,it/ e'/% amplitu*e %+ re+eren'e le)el
E > *! an* ab%)e s/all n%t e:'ee* # t. ma:imum 100 mm in any ,el* len(t/ %+ #00 mm n%r m%re t/an 1"L %+ t%tal
,el* len(t/- Any a''umulati%n %+ *e+e'ts in any 'r%ss se'ti%n %+ ,el* t/at may '%nstitute a lea& pat/ %r re*u'e t/e
e++e'ti)e t/i'&ness %+ ,el* m%re t/an tI# is n%t a''eptable-
I+ %nly %ne si*e %+ t/e ,el* is a''essible +%r testin( > *! s/all be subtra'te* +r%m t/e ma:imum e'/% permitte* ab%)e-
N%tes0
14 Re+eren'e le)el is *e+ine* as t/e e'/% amplitu*e '%rresp%n*in( t% t/e e'/% +r%m t/e re+le't%r in t/e re+eren'e bl%'&s *es'ribe*
in Fi(ure 1. Fi(ure " an* Fi(ure # %+ t/is appen*i:. %r e2ui)alent re+le't%r-
"4 All in*i'ati%ns e:'ee*in( "0L %+ t/e re+eren'e le)el s/all be in)esti(ate* t% t/e e:tent t/at t/e %perat%r *etermines t/e s/ape.
len(t/ an* l%'ati%n %+ t/e imper+e'ti%n-
#4 In*i'ati%ns t/at 'ann%t be establis/e* ,it/ 'ertainty s/all ,/ene)er p%ssible be teste* ,it/ ra*i%(rap/y- In*i'ati%ns t/at are type
*etermine* in t/is ,ay s/all meet t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria in Table D-=-
;4 B%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns ,/ere t/e e'/% /ei(/t intermittently is bel%, an* ab%)e t/e a''eptan'e le)el s/all i+ p%ssible be
in)esti(ate* ,it/ ra*i%(rap/y- In*i'ati%ns t/at are *etermine* in t/is ,ay s/all meet t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria in Table D-=- I+
ra*i%(rap/y 'ann%t be per+%rme*. t/e len(t/ s/all n%t e:'ee* # t. ma:imum 100 mm in any ,el* len(t/ %+ #00 mm-
=4 Ben(t/ an* *ept/ s/all be *etermine* by an appr%priate met/%*. see !##= an* !##>-
>4 Dete'table imper+e'ti%ns are n%t permitte* in any interse'ti%n %+ ,el*s-
<4 Systemati' imper+e'ti%ns t/at are *istribute* at re(ular *istan'es %)er t/e len(t/ %+ t/e ,el* are n%t permitte* e)en i+ t/e siJe %+
)*4 6anual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ plate. pipe an* ,el* %)erlay s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/
t/e stan*ar*s liste* bel%, an* as re2uire* in t/e +%ll%,in(0
ISO 10FH#-F N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part F0 Aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( %+ seamless
an* ,el*e* steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns. App-A-
ISO10FH#-H N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part H0 Aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( +%r t/e
*ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns in stripIplate use* +%r t/e manu+a'ture %+ ,el*e* steel
tubes-
AST6 E1>= Stan*ar* Test met/%* +%r Bi2ui* Penetrant Inspe'ti%n
AST6 E#0H Stan*ar* Pra'ti'e +%r E**y-urrent E:aminati%n %+ Steel Tubular pr%*u'ts 8sin( 6a(neti'
Saturati%n
AST6 E;"> Stan*ar* Pra'ti'e +%r Ele'tr%ma(neti' CE**y urrent4 %+ @el*e* an* Seamless Tubular
Pr%*u'ts. Austeniti' Stainless Steel an* Similar All%ys
AST6 A=<FI=<F Stan*ar* Spe'i+i'ati%n +%r Strai(/t-!eam 8ltras%ni' E:aminati%n %+ Plain an* la* Steel
Plates +%r Spe'ial Appli'ati%ns
AST6 A=<<I=<< Stan*ar* spe'i+i'ati%n +%r 8ltras%ni' An(le-!eam E:aminati%n %+ Steel Plates
ISO HH#; all partsO N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( - 6a(neti' parti'le testin(
ISO #;=" all partsO N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( - Penetrant testin(-
C 4** 9la%e an" (i(e
General
4*) T/ese re2uirements are n%t appli'able +%r plate an* '%il e:amine* at t/e plateI'%il mill as '%)ere* by
subse'ti%n 3. %r +%r linepipe e:amine* at t/e pipe mill as '%)ere* by subse'ti%n H-
General re*uirements for ultrasonic testing
4*4 8ltras%ni' e2uipment s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in !#0< an* !#0F-
4*8 Pr%bes use* +%r testin( %+ pipe an* plate s/all be '/ara'terise* as re2uire* by ISO 10#<= an* ISO 1"<1=-
An(le s/ear-,a)e pr%bes %+ ;=] an* >0] s/all be use* +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steels- An(le pr%bes +%r *uple:
stainless steel an* austeniti' steels s/all be t,in 'rystal CtransmitterIre'ei)er4 '%mpressi%n-,a)e pr%bes %+ ;=]
an* >0]- An(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes s/all an* 'an %nly be use* +%r s'annin( ,it/%ut s&ippin(-
Strai(/t beam pr%bes s/all be sin(le %r t,in 'rystal- T,in 'rystal pr%bes s/all be use* ,/en testin( is
per+%rme* %n material ,it/ n%minal t/i'&ness t M >0 mm- T/e +%'usin( J%ne %+ t/e t,in 'rystal pr%bes s/all
be a*apte* t% t/e material t/i'&ness t% be e:amine*-
Sin(le %r t,in 'rystal pr%bes 'an be use* ,/en testin( is per+%rme* %n material ,it/ n%minal t/i'&ness t >0
mm- T/e sin(le 'rystal pr%bes s/all /a)e a *ea* J%ne as small as p%ssible. e-(- 10L %+ t/e material t/i'&ness
%r 1= mm ,/i'/e)er is t/e smaller- Sele'te* pr%bes s/all /a)e a n%minal +re2uen'y in t/e ran(e %+ " 6HJ t%
= 6HJ an* *imensi%ns g 10 mm t% g "= mm-
4*4 T/e II@ %r ISO 'alibrati%n bl%'&s CK1 E K"4 a''%r*in( t% ISO ";00 %r ISO <H># s/all be use* +%r
'alibrati%n %+ ran(e s'ale an* +%r an(le *eterminati%n- T/ese 'alibrati%n bl%'&s s/all. as near as pra'ti'able.
/a)e t/e same a'%usti' pr%perties as t/e material t% be teste*-
$anual ultrasonic thic.ness measurements
4*# 6anual ultras%ni' t/i'&ness measurements s/all be *%ne in a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 E<H< %r e2ui)alent
stan*ar*-
3ltrasonic testing for detection of laminar flaws
4*5 6anual ultras%ni' testin( +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar +la,s in steel %t/er t/an 'la*Iline* steel s/all be
per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-F App-A. ISO 10FH#-H App-A %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*-
4*& 6anual ultras%ni' testin( +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar +la,s in 'la*Iline* steel s/all be *%ne in a''%r*an'e
,it/ AST6 A=<FI=<F6 %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*-
4*2 T/e sur+a'e '%n*iti%n %+ t/e material s/all permit at least t,% su''essi)e ba'&-,all e'/%es t% be
*istin(uis/e* ,/en t/e pr%be is pla'e* %n any area +ree +r%m internal imper+e'ti%ns-
4*: T/e ran(e s'ale s/all be sele'te* su'/ t/at t/ere are al,ays at least t,% ba'&-,all e'/%es Cre+le'ti%ns4
%n t/e s'reen-
4)* T/e sensiti)ity s/all be base* %n e'/%es re+le'te* +r%m g > mm +lat b%tt%m /%les in re+eren'e bl%'&s %+
t/e material use* %r %+ a material ,it/ similar ,it/ a'%usti' pr%perties-
4)) D3S *ia(ram %r D3S- s'ales 'an be use* pr%)i*e* t/ey are *e)el%pe* +%r t/e pr%be use* an* 'an be
'%rrelate* t% a g > mm +lat b%tt%m /%le-
4)4 T/e pit'/ %+ t/e s'annin( (ri* s/all be small en%u(/ t% ensure *ete'ti%n %+ t/e smallest *e+e't all%,e*
a''%r*in( t% t/e appli'able a''eptan'e 'riteria-
4)8 SiJin( %+ in*i'ati%ns s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-H. App-A-
$anual ultrasonic testing for detection of transverse and longitudinal flaws
4)4 6anual ultras%ni' testin( +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse an* l%n(itu*inal +la,s in plate an* pipe s/all be
*%ne in (eneral a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 A=<< %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*-
4)# Pr%bes s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ "0#- A**iti%nal an(le pr%bes ,ill be re2uire* +%r testin( %+ pipe-
4)5 Sensiti)ity +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steel s/all be a DA 'ur)e base* %n re+eren'e bl%'&s ,it/ a
re'tan(ular n%t'/ ,it/ *ept/ #L %+ t/e material t/i'&ness %n b%t/ si*es-
4)& Re+eren'e bl%'&s +%r *uple: stainless steel an* austeniti' steels s/all /a)e %ne g # mm +lat b%tt%m /%le
perpen*i'ular t% t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e %+ t/e pr%be an* at t/e lar(est p%ssible *ept/ +r%m t/e s'annin( sur+a'e
%+ t/e bl%'&- Re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all be %+ t/e a'tual material teste* %r %+ a material ,it/ similar ,it/ a'%usti'
pr%perties-
4)2 B%, +re2uen'y s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes may be use* +%r *uple: stainless steel an* austeniti' steels
instea* %+ t,in 'rystal CtransmitterIre'ei)er4 '%mpressi%n-,a)e pr%bes- F%r a''eptan'e. it s/all be )eri+ie* %n
t/e re+eren'e bl%'&s t/at it is p%ssible t% %btain a DA ,it/ a s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%be t/at is '%mparable t% t/e
DA %btaine* ,it/ an an(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%be-
4): T/e pit'/ %+ t/e s'annin( (ri* s/all be small en%u(/ t% ensure *ete'ti%n %+ t/e smallest *e+e't all%,e*
a''%r*in( t% t/e appli'able a''eptan'e 'riteria-
44* All re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all be mar&e* ,it/ an i*enti+i'ati%n t/at relates t% t/e spe'i+i' appli'ati%n %+ ea'/
bl%'&-
$agnetic particle testing
44) 6anual ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+0
1 plate
1 pipe
1 e*(es
1 be)els
s/all be *%ne in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO HH#; %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*-
#i*uid penetrant testing
444 6anual li2ui* penetrant testin( %+0
1 plate
1 pipe
1 e*(es
1 be)els
s/all be *%ne in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO#;=" %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*- T/e penetrati%n an* *e)el%pin( times s/all
be l%n( en%u(/ t% all%, e++e'ti)e *ete'ti%n %+ t/e smallest in*i'ati%ns all%,e*-
!ddy current testing
448 6anual e**y 'urrent testin( %+ -6n steel Pipe s/all be *%ne in a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 E#0H %r
e2ui)alent stan*ar*-
6anual e**y 'urrent testin( %+ *uple: stainless steels an* austeniti' stainless steels s/all be *%ne in a''%r*an'e
,it/ AST6 E;"> %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*-
C 8** Wel" !-erla7
8*) 6anual ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ +err%ma(neti' ,el* %)erlay *ep%sits s/all be per+%rme* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO HH#; %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*-
8*4 6anual li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ n%n-ma(neti' ,el* %)erlay *ep%sits s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e
,it/ ISO #;=" %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*-
8*8 6anual e**y 'urrent testin( %+ ,el* %)erlay *ep%sits s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 E#0H
%r e2ui)alent stan*ar*-
8*4 6anual ultras%ni' testin( %+ ,el* %)erlay s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-H. App-A %r
e2ui)alent stan*ar* an*0
1 Strai(/t beam pr%bes s/all be t,in 'rystal- T/e +%'usin( J%ne %+ t/e t,in 'rystal pr%bes s/all be a*apte* t%
t/e material t/i'&ness t% be e:amine*-
1 T/e sur+a'e '%n*iti%n %+ t/e material s/all permit at least t,% su''essi)e ba'&-,all e'/%es t% be
*istin(uis/e* ,/en t/e pr%be is pla'e* %n any area +ree +r%m internal imper+e'ti%ns-
1 T/e 'alibrati%n %+ ran(e s'ale s/all be 'arrie* %ut usin( an II@ 'alibrati%n bl%'&. a V" 'alibrati%n bl%'& %r
%n a *e+e't +ree area %+ &n%,n t/i'&ness in t/e material t% be e:amine*- T/e ran(e s'ale is t% be sele'te*
su'/ t/at t/ere are al,ays at least " ba'&-,all e'/%es Cre+le'ti%ns4 %n t/e s'reen-
1 T/e sensiti)ity s/all be base* %n e'/%es re+le'te* +r%m a g # mm +lat b%tt%m /%le in re+eren'e bl%'&s ma*e
+r%m a base material ,it/ similar a'%usti' pr%perties %+ t/e a'tual base material ,it/ %)erlay *ep%site*
a''%r*in( t% t/e same @PS as t/e a'tual %)erlay- T/e g # mm +lat b%tt%m /%le s/all be pla'e*
appr%:imately at t/e +usi%n line bet,een %)erlay an* base material- I+ t/e testin( s/all be per+%rme* %+
ma'/ine* %)erlay. t/e s'annin( sur+a'e s/all be ma'/ine* t% t/e same sur+a'e re2uirements as t/e %)erlay-
1 All re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all be mar&e* ,it/ an i*enti+i'ati%n t/at relates t% t/e spe'i+i' appli'ati%n %+ ea'/ bl%'&-
Reporting
8*# Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10= an* !10>-
C 4** Dis'al e,a$ina%i!n
4*) Visual e:aminati%n s/all be 'arrie* %ut in a su++i'iently illuminate* areaO minimum 1000 l:- I+ re2uire*
t% %btain (%%* '%ntrast an* relie+ e++e't bet,een imper+e'ti%ns an* ba'&(r%un* a**iti%nal li(/t s%ur'es s/all
be use*-
4*4 F%r *ire't e:aminati%n t/e a''ess s/all (enerally permit pla'in( t/e eye ,it/in >00 mm %+ t/e sur+a'e t%
be e:amine* an* at an an(le %+ n%t less t/an appr%:imately #0]- I+ t/is is n%t p%ssible t/en t/e use %+ mirr%rs.
b%r%s'%pes. +ibre %pti's %r 'ameras s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
4*8 A su++i'ient am%unt %+ t%%ls. (au(es. measurin( e2uipment an* %t/er *e)i'es s/all be a)ailable at t/e
pla'e %+ e:aminati%n-
4*4 T/e %bGe'ts t% be e:amine* s/all be 'leane* t% rem%)e all s'ale an* pr%'essin( '%mp%un*s pri%r t%
e:aminati%n- T/e 'leanin( pr%'ess s/all n%t inGure t/e sur+a'e +inis/ %r mas& p%ssible imper+e'ti%ns-
4*# Rep%rtin( %+ )isual e:aminati%n s/all in'lu*e0
1 Name %+ manu+a'turer
1 Name %+ e:aminin( '%mpany
1 I*enti+i'ati%n %+ e:amine* %bGe'tCs4
1 6aterial
1 Imper+e'ti%ns e:'ee*in( t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria an* t/eir l%'ati%n
1 E:tent %+ e:aminati%n
1 Supplementary s&et'/esI*ra,in(s-
C #** Resi"'al $agne%is$
#*) Resi*ual ma(netism s/all be measure* ,it/ a 'alibrate* Hall e++e't (auss meter %r e2ui)alent e2uipment-
F%ur rea*in(s s/all be ta&en H0] apart ar%un* t/e 'ir'um+eren'e %+ ea'/ en* %+ t/e pipe. an* at e2ual spa'in(
+%r plate en*s- T/e resi*ual ma(netism s/all n%t e:'ee* an a)era(e )alue C%ut %+ ; measurements4 %+ "-0 mT
C"0 3auss4. ,it/ a ma:imum sin(le )alue %+ "-= mT C"= 3auss4- S%me ,el*in( met/%*s may re2uire a m%re
strin(ent a''eptan'e 'riteri%n-
#*4 Any pr%*u't t/at *%es n%t meet t/e re2uirements %+ =01 s/all be '%nsi*ere* *e+e'ti)e-
#*8 All *e+e'ti)e pr%*u'ts s/all be *e-ma(netiJe* +ull len(t/. an* t/en t/eir ma(netism s/all be re-measure*
until at least t/ree '%nse'uti)e pipes meet t/e re2uirements %+ =01-
#*4 T/e re2uirements +%r resi*ual ma(netism s/all apply %nly t% testin( at t/e spe'i+i' l%'ati%n sin'e t/e
resi*ual ma(netism in pr%*u'ts may be a++e'te* by pr%'e*ures an* '%n*iti%ns imp%se* *urin( an* a+ter
/an*lin( an* s/ipment-
C 5** Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r $an'al n!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing !+ (la%e= (i(e an" 1el" !-erla7
Thic.ness measurements
5*) F%r manual ultras%ni' t/i'&ness measurements a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be a''%r*in( t% appli'able
spe'i+i'ati%n %r pr%*u't stan*ar*-
#aminar flaws
5*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r manual ultras%ni' testin( +%r laminar +la,s in -6n. l%, all%y. *uple:. %t/er
stainless steels an* ni'&el base* '%rr%si%n resistant all%ys CRA4 are (i)en in Table D-1"-
5*8 A''eptan'e 'riteri%n +%r manual ultras%ni' testin( +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar +la,s in 'la* steel is (i)en in
AST6 A">#. A">; %r A">= an* s/all '%rresp%n* t% t/e lass 1 2uality le)el- In a**iti%n. n% areas ,it/
laminati%ns %r la'& %+ b%n*in( are all%,e* %)er a ,i*t/ e:ten*in( at least =0 mm insi*e t/e l%'ati%n %+ +uture
,el* preparati%ns-
Transverse and longitudinal flaws
5*4 F%r manual ultras%ni' testin( +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse an* l%n(itu*inal +la,s in -6n an* l%, all%y
steel. t/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n s/all be t/at n% in*i'ati%ns e:'ee* t/e DA 'ur)e establis/e* a(ainst t/e
re'tan(ular n%t'/ ,it/ *ept/ #L %+ t/e t/i'&ness-
F%r manual ultras%ni' testin( +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse an* l%n(itu*inal +la,s in *uple: stainless steel. t/e
a''eptan'e 'riteri%n s/all be t/at n% in*i'ati%ns e:'ee* t/e DA 'ur)e establis/e* a(ainst t/e g # mm +lat
b%tt%m /%le-
$agnetic particle testing of plate / pipe bevels and edges
5*# A''eptan'e 'riteri%n +%r manual ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ plate I pipe be)els an* e*(es s/all be0
1 N% in*i'ati%ns l%n(er t/an > mm are permitte*-
#i*uid penetrant testing of plate / pipe bevels and edges
5*5 A''eptan'e 'riteri%n +%r manual li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ plate I pipe be)els an* e*(es s/all be0
1 n% in*i'ati%ns l%n(er t/an > mm are permitte*-
!ddy current testing of plate / pipe bevels and edges
5*& A''eptan'e 'riteri%n +%r manual e**y 'urrent testin( %+ pipe I pipe be)els an* e*(es s/all be0
1 n% in*i'ati%ns l%n(er t/an > mm are permitte*-
isposition of defects at plate / pipe bevels and edges
5*2 De+e'ts at pipe be)els an* e*(es s/all be e:amine* ultras%ni'ally as re2uire* in t/is subse'ti%n an* t/e
pipes 'ut ba'& until n% *e+e'ts are present in t/e teste* area-
6eld overlay
5*: A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r as-,el*e* sur+a'es %+ ma(neti' an* n%n ma(neti' ,el* %)erlay +%r )isual
e:aminati%n. ma(neti' parti'le testin(. li2ui* penetrant an* e**y 'urrent testin( are0
1 n% r%un* in*i'ati%ns ,it/ *iameter ab%)e " mm an* n% el%n(ate* in*i'ati%ns
1 in*i'ati%ns separate* by a *istan'e less t/an t/e *iameter %r len(t/ %+ t/e smallest in*i'ati%n. s/all be
'%nsi*ere* as %ne in*i'ati%n
1 a''umulate* *iameters %+ r%un* in*i'ati%ns in any 100 100 mm s/all n%t e:'ee* 10 mm-
5)* A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r ultras%ni' testin( %+ as-,el*e* sur+a'es %+ ma(neti' an* n%n-ma(neti' ,el*
%)erlay s/all be n% l%ss %+ ba'& ,all e'/% an* n% e'/% +r%m an in*i'ati%n s/all e:'ee* >>L %+ t/e e'/% re+le'te*
+r%m g # mm +lat b%tt%m /%les in re+eren'e bl%'&s-
5)) F%r ma'/ine* sur+a'es. a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be espe'ially a(ree* up%n-
5)4 De+e'ts s/all be (r%un* %ut. re-,el*e* an* re-teste* t% meet t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria ab%)e-
5)8 @/en any subse2uent pr%'ess re2uires /%m%(en%us material. i-e- ultras%ni' e:aminati%n. %t/er
a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all apply-
D. N!n-"es%r'c%i-e Tes%ing an" Dis'al E,a$ina%i!n !+ F!rgings
D )** General
)*) All n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ +%r(in(s s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% a''epte* pr%'e*ures-
)*8 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r manual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( an* )isual e:aminati%n +%r(in(s are (i)en in
D=00-
)*4 6anual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ +%r(in(s s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e stan*ar*s liste*
1 AST6 E1>= Stan*ar* Test met/%* +%r Bi2ui* Penetrant Inspe'ti%n
1 AST6 A#FF Spe'i+i'ati%n +%r 8ltras%ni' E:aminati%n %+ Hea)y Steel F%r(in(s
1 ISO HH#; N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( - 6a(neti' parti'le testin(
1 AST6 A H>1 Stan*ar* Spe'i+i'ati%n +%r %mm%n Re2uirements +%r Steel Flan(es. F%r(e* Fittin(s.
Val)es. an* Parts +%r Pipin( Appli'ati%ns
1 ISO #;=" N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( - Penetrant testin(-
D 4** Ul%ras!nic an" $agne%ic (ar%icle %es%ing !+ C-Mn an" l!1 all!7 s%eel +!rgings
3ltrasonic testing
4*) 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ +%r(in(s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 A#FF an* t/e re2uirements
bel%,-
4*4 8ltras%ni' testin( pr%'e*ures s/all '%ntain t/e in+%rmati%n in !10" an*0
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '$%
1 *es'ripti%n %+ re+eren'e bl%'&s
1 s'annin( te'/ni2ues supplemente* ,it/ s&et'/es. s/%,in( t/e pr%bes use* an* area '%)ere* by ea'/ pr%be
1 *es'ripti%n %+ met/%*s +%r re'/e'& %+ areas ,it/ re*u'ti%n %r l%ss %+ ba'& re+le'ti%n
3ltrasonic )pparatus
4*8 Veri+i'ati%n %+ S'reen Hei(/t Binearity an* Amplitu*e Binearity s/all be per+%rme* at t/e be(innin( %+
ea'/ peri%* %+ e:ten*e* use C%r e)ery # m%nt/s. ,/i'/e)er is less4- Re'%r*s s/all be ma*e a)ailable up%n
re2uest-
Probes
4*4 Strai(/t beam pr%bes ,it/ +re2uen'y " t% = 6HJ an* *imensi%n g 10 t% #0 mm s/all be use*- T/e pr%bes
s/all be sin(le %r t,in 'rystal- T,in 'rystal pr%bes s/all be use* ,/en testin( is per+%rme* %n material ,it/
n%minal t/i'&ness t M >0 mm- T/e +%'usin( J%ne %+ t/e t,in 'rystal pr%bes s/all be a*apte* t% t/e material
t/i'&ness t% be e:amine*-
Sin(le %r t,in 'rystal pr%bes 'an be use* ,/en testin( is per+%rme* %n material ,it/ n%minal t/i'&ness t >0
mm- T/e sin(le 'rystal pr%bes s/all /a)e a *ea* J%ne as small as p%ssible. e-(- 10L %+ t/e material t/i'&ness
%r 1= mm ,/i'/e)er is t/e smaller-
4*# An(le beam pr%bes s/all be use* +%r testin( %n rin(s. /%ll%, an* 'ylin*ri'al se'ti%ns- An(le beam pr%bes
s/all be a)ailable in an(les. %r be pr%)i*e* ,it/ ,e*(es %r s/%es. ran(in( +r%m #0] t% <=]. measure* t% t/e
perpen*i'ular %+ t/e entire sur+a'e %+ t/e +%r(in( bein( teste*-
Reference bloc.s for straight beam testing
4*5 Supplementary re2uirement S1 %+ AST6 A#FF s/all apply. but ,it/ t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%nal
re2uirements0
1 F%r material t/i'&ness t #F mm t/e +lat b%tt%m /%les s/all be g 1-> mm
1 F%r material t/i'&ness #F mm M t M >0 mm t/e +lat b%tt%m /%les s/all be g # mm
1 F%r material t/i'&ness t >0 mm t/e +lat b%tt%m /%les s/all be g > mm-
Reference bloc.s for angle beam testing
4*& T/e re+eren'e n%t'/es s/all be re'tan(ular D an* ID n%t'/es ,it/ a *ept/ %+0
1 F%r material t/i'&ness t #F mm. #L %+ t/e t/i'&ness
1 F%r material t/i'&ness #F mm M t M 100 mm. =L %+ t/e t/i'&ness
1 F%r material t/i'&ness t 100 mm. 10L %+ t/e t/i'&ness-
4*2 A separate re+eren'e bl%'& s/all /a)e t/e same '%n+i(urati%n. n%minal '%mp%siti%n. +%r(in( rati%. /eat
treatment an* t/i'&ness as t/e +%r(in(s it represents-
4*: @/ere a (r%up %+ i*enti'al +%r(in(s is ma*e. %ne %+ t/e +%r(in(s may be use* as t/e separate re+eren'e
bl%'&-
4)* All re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all be mar&e* ,it/ an i*enti+i'ati%n t/at relates t% t/e spe'i+i' appli'ati%n %+ ea'/
bl%'&-
Preparation of forgings for ultrasonic testing
4)) F%r +%r(in(s %+ un'%mpli'ate* (e%metry. t/e re2uirements %+ AST6 A#FF. '/apter > s/all apply-
&orgings of comple" geometry
4)4 F%r(in(s are re2uire* t% be +%r(e* an*I%r t% be r%u(/ ma'/ine* t% near +inal *imensi%ns pri%r t% /eat
treatment in %r*er t% %btain t/e re2uire* pr%perties- T/is ma'/inin( %+ +%r(in(s s/all '%nsi*er t/at 'ylin*ri'al
s/apes an* +a'es t/at are +lat an* parallel t% %ne an%t/er s/all be %btaine* in %r*er t% pr%)i*e a*e2uate
'%n*iti%ns +%r ultras%ni' testin(- In t/e 'ase %+ +%r(in(s ,it/ '%mple: (e%metry. ma'/inin( s/all pr%)i*e
interse'tin(
'ylin*ri'al an*I%r +lat +a'es- T/e ma'/inin( s/all be su'/ t/at areas ,/ere a*e2uate ultras%ni' testin( is n%t
p%ssible ,ill be rem%)e* *urin( t/e +inal ma'/inin(- A s&et'/ s/all be pr%)i*e* +%r a''eptan'e s/%,in( t/e
areas %+ t/e +%r(in( ,/ere a*e2uate ultras%ni' testin( ,ill n%t be a'/ie)e*-
%alibration of amplification and testing procedure
4)8 T/e II@ %r ISO 'alibrati%n bl%'&s CK1 E K"4 a''%r*in( t% ISO ";00 %r ISO <H># s/all be use* +%r
/a)e t/e same a'%usti' pr%perties as t/e material t% be teste*- alibrati%n %+ ran(e s'ale 'an alternati)ely be
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '$$
*%ne %n a *e+e't +ree area %+ &n%,n t/i'&ness in t/e material t% be e:amine*- T/e ran(e s'ale is t% be sele'te*
4)4 T/e 'alibrati%n %+ t/e re2uire* ampli+i'ati%n s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% AST6 A#FF. '/apter <-
T/e pr%be siJe an* +re2uen'y t/at pr%)i*es %ptimum resp%nse s/all be use* +%r t/e testin(-
4)# N%tes " an* # %+. '/apter < in AST6 A#FF s/all be a*/ere* t%-
4)5 @/en s'annin(. t/e (ain s/all in'rease* by minimum > *! ab%)e t/e '%rre'te* primary (ain- F%r
e)aluati%n %+ in*i'ati%ns t/e (ain s/all be re*u'e* by t/e in'rease* *! le)el use* *urin( s'annin(-
4)& T/e met/%* +%r re-'/e'& %+ areas ,it/ re*u'ti%n %r l%ss %+ ba'& re+le'ti%n. AST6 A #FF. para(rap/
<-"-;. s/all be *es'ribe*-
4)2 Di++erent +re2uen'ies. types. an(les an* *iameter %+ pr%bes s/all be empl%ye* t% %btain a**iti%nal
in+%rmati%n ab%ut *ete'te* in*i'ati%n-
Si,ing of indications
4): In (eneral. t/e area '%ntainin( imper+e'ti%ns s/all be siJe* Carea an* len(t/4 usin( t/e > *! *r%p
te'/ni2ue- T/e area re+ers t% t/e sur+a'e area %n t/e +%r(in(s %)er ,/i'/ a '%ntinu%us in*i'ati%n e:'ee*s t/e
a''eptan'e 'riteria- T/is area ,ill be appr%:imately e2ual t% t/e area %+ t/e real *e+e't pr%)i*e* t/e *e+e't siJe
is lar(er t/an t/e > *! beam pr%+ile %+ t/e pr%be-
44* I+ t/e real imper+e'ti%n siJe is smaller t/an t/e > *! beam pr%+ile. t/e > *! *r%p te'/ni2ue is n%t suite*
+%r siJin(- T/e area measure* %n t/e sur+a'e ,ill be measure* t%% lar(e an* n%t represent t/e real in*i'ati%n
siJe- A (ui*e t% 'lassi+y i+ t/e re)eale* in*i'ati%ns are (reater %r smaller t/an t/e > *! *r%p pr%+ile is (i)en in
EN 10""F-#. part 1#-
44) I+ t/e siJe %+ t/e in*i'ati%n is e)aluate* t% be smaller t/an t/e > *! *r%p pr%+ile at t/e *ept/ %+
*is'%ntinuity a (rap/i' pl%t. t/at in'%rp%rates a '%nsi*erati%n %+ beam sprea* s/%ul* be use* +%r realisti' siJe
estimati%n-
Periodical chec.s of e*uipment
444 At appr%:imately +%ur-/%urly inter)als an* at t/e en* %+ testin(. t/e ran(e s'ale. pr%be an(le an* primary
(ain must be '/e'&e* an* i+ ne'essary. '%rre'te*- /e'&s s/all als% be 'arrie* %ut ,/ene)er a system parameter
is '/an(e* %r '/an(es in t/e e2ui)alent settin(s are suspe'te*- I+ *e)iati%n is +%un* t% be lar(er t/an "L %+
ran(e s'ale. %r # *! %+ primary (ain settin( %r "] %+ n%minal an(le pr%be. t/e testin( 'arrie* %ut ,it/ t/e
e2uipment %)er t/e pre)i%us peri%* s/all be repeate*-
Reporting
448 Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10= an* !10> an* AST6 A#FF. '/apter H-
$anual magnetic particle testing of %($n steel forgings
444 6anual ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ -6n steel +%r(in(s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO HH#;
D 8** Ul%ras!nic an" li<'i" (ene%ran% %es%ing !+ "'(le, s%ainless s%eel +!rgings
3ltrasonic testing
8*) 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ *uple: stainless steel +%r(in(s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ D"00. but ,it/
t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%ns t% t/e re2uirements t%0
1 pr%bes
1 re+eren'e bl%'&s +%r an(le beam testin(
1 preparati%n %+ +%r(in(s +%r ultras%ni' testin(
1 testin( pr%'e*ure-
)ngle probes
8*4 An(le pr%bes +%r *uple: stainless steel s/all be t,in 'rystal CtransmitterIre'ei)er4 '%mpressi%n-,a)e
pr%bes- An(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes s/all an* 'an %nly be use* ,it/%ut s&ippin(-
8*8 B%, +re2uen'y s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes may be use* +%r *uple: stainless steel instea* %+ t,in 'rystal
CtransmitterIre'ei)er4 '%mpressi%n-,a)e pr%bes. pr%)i*e* it is )eri+ie* %n t/e re+eren'e bl%'&s t/at it is
p%ssible t% %btain a DA ,it/ a s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%be t/at is '%mparable t% t/e DA %btaine* ,it/ an an(le
'%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%be-
8*4 reep ,a)e pr%bes s/all be use* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ sub sur+a'e *e+e'ts 'l%se t% t/e s'annin( sur+a'e. unless
testin( 'an be per+%rme* +r%m b%t/ si*es-
8*# Re+eren'e bl%'&s +%r an(le beam testin( %+ *uple: stainless steel ,it/ an(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes
s/all /a)e si*e *rille* /%les an* a 1 mm *eep an* "0 mm ,i*e spar& er%*e* n%t'/ a''%r*in( t% Fi(ure ; an*
Table D-<-
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '$&
Fig're 4
Re+erence 6l!c0 +!r c!ns%r'c%i!n !+ DAC= "'(le, s%ainless s%eel
Preparation of forgings for ultrasonic testing
8*5 T/e ma'/inin( %+ *uple: stainless steel +%r(in(s +%r ultras%ni' testin( s/all ta&e int% a''%unt t/at an(le
'%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes s/all an* 'an %nly be use* ,it/%ut s&ippin(-
Testing procedure
8*& T/e testin( pr%'e*ure +%r *uple: stainless steel +%r(in(s s/all ta&e int% a''%unt t/at an(le '%mpressi%n
,a)e pr%bes s/all an* 'an %nly be use* ,it/%ut s&ippin(- T/e testin( s/all /en'e be per+%rme* +r%m as many
+a'es t/at a''ess permits-
$anual li*uid penetrant testing of duple" stainless steel forgings
8*2 6anual li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ *uple: stainless steel +%r(in(s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/
ISO #;=" %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*- T/e penetrati%n an* *e)el%pin( times s/all be l%n( en%u(/ t% all%, e++e'ti)e
*ete'ti%n %+ t/e smallest in*i'ati%ns all%,e*-
8*: Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10= an* !10> an* AST6 A#FF. '/apter H-
D 4** Dis'al e,a$ina%i!n !+ +!rgings
4*) Visual e:aminati%n %+ +%r(in(s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ;00. ,it/ a''eptan'e 'riteria
a''%r*in( t% D=00-
D #** Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r +!rgings
#*) A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r manual ultras%ni' testin( %+ +%r(in(s s/all be0
Straight beam testing
1 N% sin(le in*i'ati%n s/all be lar(er t/an t/e in*i'ati%n re'ei)e* +r%m t/e +lat b%tt%m /%les in t/e re+eren'e
bl%'& re2uire* in D"00-
)ngle beam testing of %($n and low alloy steel forgings
1 N% sin(le in*i'ati%n s/all e:'ee* a DA 'ur)e establis/e* usin( t/e n%t'/es in t/e re+eren'e bl%'& re2uire*
in D"00-
)ngle beam testing of duple" stainless steel forgings
1 N% sin(le in*i'ati%n s/all e:'ee* a DA 'ur)e establis/e* usin( t/e si*e *rille* /%les in t/e re+eren'e
$ultiple indications
1 N% in*i'ati%ns ,it/in 1# mm %+ ea'/ %t/er in any *ire'ti%n s/all e:'ee* =0L %+ t/e re+eren'e 'ur)e-
Ta6le D-& Re+erence 3l!c0 Di$ensi!ns
$aterial thic.ness /t0 Thic.ness
of reference
bloc. /T0
iameter of
side drilled
hole mm
Position of
side drilled
holes
T M "0 mm 1= mm %r t "-; 0-"
TI;. TI" an* T#I; "0 mm t M #= mm "0 mm %r t
#-0 0-"
#= mm t M <= mm =0 mm %r t
<= mm t M 100 mm H0 mm %r t
>-0 0-"
T/e *istan'e bet,een t/e t,%
%uter /%les an* t/e nearest sur+a'e
s/all n%t e:'ee* 1" mm
100 mm t M 1=0 mm 1"= mm %r t
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '$'
)cceptance criteria for manual magnetic particle testing of %($n and low alloy steel forgings
#*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r manual ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ -6n an* l%, all%y steel +%r(in(s s/all be
a''%r*in( t% Table D-F-
)cceptance criteria for manual li*uid penetrant testing of duple" stainless steel forgings
#*8 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r manual li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ *uple: stainless steel +%r(in(s *%ne in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO #;=" %r e2ui)alent stan*ar* s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table D-F-
)cceptance criteria for visual e"amination
#*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r )isual e:aminati%n %+ +%r(in(s s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 A H>1. /apter
1=- I+ t/e sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns a''eptable un*er 1=-= are n%t s'attere*. i-e- m%re t/an # %++ in any 100 1=0
mm area. su'/ imper+e'ti%ns s/all be '%nsi*ere* inGuri%us-
E. N!n-"es%r'c%i-e Tes%ing an" Dis'al E,a$ina%i!n !+ Cas%ings
E )** General
)*) All n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ 'astin(s s/all be *%ne a''%r*in( t% a''epte* pr%'e*ures-
)*8 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r manual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( an* )isual e:aminati%n %+ 'astin(s are (i)en in
E>00-
)*4 6anual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ 'astin(s s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e stan*ar*s liste*
E 4** Ul%ras!nic an" $agne%ic (ar%icle %es%ing !+ C-Mn an" l!1 all!7 s%eel cas%ings
4*) 6anual ultras%ni' testin( %+ 'astin(s s/all be *%ne a''%r*in( t% AST6 A>0H. pr%'e*ure A. an*
Supplementary re2uirement S1- In a**iti%n t/e re2uirements bel%, apply-
4*4 8ltras%ni' testin( pr%'e*ures s/all '%ntain t/e in+%rmati%n in !10" an*0
1 *es'ripti%n %+ re+eren'e bl%'&s
1 s'annin( te'/ni2ues supplemente* ,it/ s&et'/es. s/%,in( t/e pr%bes use* an* area '%)ere* by ea'/ pr%be
1 *es'ripti%n %+ met/%*s +%r re-'/e'& %+ areas ,it/ re*u'ti%n %r l%ss %+ ba'& re+le'ti%n
3ltrasonic )pparatus
4*8 Veri+i'ati%n %+ S'reen Hei(/t Binearity an* Amplitu*e Binearity s/all be per+%rme* at t/e be(innin( %+
ea'/ peri%* %+ e:ten*e* use C%r e)ery # m%nt/s. ,/i'/e)er is less4- Re'%r*s s/all be ma*e a)ailable up%n re2uest-
Ta6le D-2 Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r $an'al $agne%ic (ar%icle an" li<'i" (ene%ran% %es%ing !+ +!rgings
A ra'&-li&e in*i'ati%ns0 n%t permitte*
! Binear in*i'ati%ns ,it/ len(t/ m%re t/an " mm %r t/ree times t/e ,i*t/0 n%t permitte*-
Binear in*i'ati%ns ,it/ len(t/ M 1-= mm may be *eeme* irrele)ant
R%un*e* in*i'ati%ns0 Diameter M # mm. a''umulate* *iameters in any 100 1=0 mm area M F mm-
AST6 E1>= Stan*ar* Test met/%* +%r Bi2ui* Penetrant Inspe'ti%n
AST6 A>0H Stan*ar* Pra'ti'e +%r astin(s. B%, All%y. an* 6artensiti' Stainless Steel. 8ltras%ni'
E:aminati%n T/ere%+-
ISO #;=" N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( - Penetrant testin(
ISO HH#; N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( - 6a(neti' parti'le testin(
AS6E !%iler an* Pressure Vessel %*e. Se'ti%n V. Arti'le ". 6an*at%ry Appen*i: VII-
6SSSP-== 5uality stan*ar* +%r steel 'astin(s +%r )al)es. +lan(es. an* +ittin(s an* %t/er pipin( '%mp%nents
C)isual met/%*4-
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '$1
Probes
4*4 Strai(/t beam Cn%rmal4 pr%bes ,it/ +re2uen'y 1-= 6HJ an* *imensi%n g 10-#0 mm s/all be use*-
Strai(/t beam. n%rmal pr%bes s/all be sin(le %r t,in 'rystal- T,in 'rystal pr%bes s/all be use* ,/en testin( is
per+%rme* %n material ,it/ n%minal t/i'&ness t M "= mm- T/e +%'usin( J%ne %+ t/e t,in 'rystal pr%bes s/all
be a*apte* t% t/e material t/i'&ness t% be e:amine*-
4*# Sin(le %r t,in 'rystal pr%bes 'an be use* ,/en testin( is per+%rme* %n material ,it/ n%minal t/i'&ness
t >0 mm- T/e sin(le 'rystal pr%bes s/all /a)e a *ea* J%ne as small as p%ssible. e-(- 10L %+ t/e material
t/i'&ness %r 1= mm ,/i'/e)er is t/e smaller-
Reference bloc.s
4*5 All re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all be mar&e* ,it/ an i*enti+i'ati%n t/at relates t% t/e spe'i+i' appli'ati%n %+ ea'/
bl%'&-
%asting conditions for ultrasonic testing
4*& astin(s s/all as +ar as p%ssible be ma'/ine* a''%r*in( t% D"11 an* D"1"-
%alibration of amplification and testing procedure
4*2 T/e II@ %r ISO 'alibrati%n bl%'&s CK1 E K"4 a''%r*in( t% ISO ";00 %r ISO <H># s/all be use* +%r
/a)e t/e same a'%usti' pr%perties as t/e material t% be teste*- alibrati%n %+ ran(e s'ale 'an alternati)ely be
*%ne %n a *e+e't +ree area %+ &n%,n t/i'&ness in t/e material t% be e:amine*- T/e ran(e s'ale is t% be sele'te*
4*: T/e 'alibrati%n %+ t/e re2uire* ampli+i'ati%n s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% AST6 A>0H. '/apter F an*
S1- T/e pr%be siJe an* +re2uen'y t/at pr%)i*es %ptimum resp%nse s/all be use* +%r t/e testin(-
4)* N%te # %+ AST6 A>0H. '/apter F0 @/en s'annin(. t/e (ain s/all be in'rease* by minimum > *! ab%)e
t/e '%rre'te* primary (ain- F%r e)aluati%n %+ in*i'ati%ns t/e (ain s/all be re*u'e* by t/e in'rease* *! le)el
use* *urin( s'annin(-
4)) Re'/e'&s s/all be per+%rme* i+ t/e l%ss %+ ba'& re+le'ti%n is =0L %r (reater- T/e met/%* +%r +urt/er
in)esti(ati%n %+ areas ,it/ re*u'ti%n %r l%ss %+ ba'& re+le'ti%n. AST6 A >0H para(rap/ F-=. s/all be *es'ribe*-
4)4 Di++erent +re2uen'ies. types. an(les an* *iameter %+ pr%bes s/all be empl%ye* t% %btain a**iti%nal
in+%rmati%n ab%ut *ete'te* in*i'ati%n
Si,ing of indications
4)8 In (eneral. t/e area '%ntainin( imper+e'ti%ns. s/all be siJe* Carea an* len(t/4 usin( t/e > *! *r%p
te'/ni2ue- T/e area re+ers t% t/e sur+a'e area %n t/e 'astin(s %)er ,/i'/ a '%ntinu%us in*i'ati%n e:'ee*s t/e
a''eptan'e 'riteria- T/is area ,ill be appr%:imately e2ual t% t/e area %+ t/e real *e+e't pr%)i*e* t/e *e+e't siJe
is lar(er t/an t/e > *! beam pr%+ile %+ t/e pr%be-
4)4 I+ t/e real imper+e'ti%n siJe is smaller t/an t/e > *! beam pr%+ile. t/e > *! *r%p te'/ni2ue is n%t suite*
+%r siJin(- T/e area measure* %n t/e sur+a'e ,ill be measure* t%% lar(e an* n%t represent t/e real in*i'ati%n
siJe- A (ui*e t% 'lassi+y i+ t/e re)eale* in*i'ati%ns are (reater %r smaller t/an t/e > *! *r%p pr%+ile is (i)en in
EN 10""F-#. part 1#-
4)# I+ t/e siJe %+ t/e in*i'ati%n is e)aluate* t% be smaller t/an t/e > *! *r%p pr%+ile at t/e *ept/ %+
*is'%ntinuity. a (rap/i' pl%t t/at in'%rp%rates a '%nsi*erati%n %+ beam sprea* s/%ul* be use* +%r realisti' siJe
estimati%n-
Periodical chec.s of e*uipment
4)5 At appr%:imately +%ur-/%urly inter)als an* at t/e en* %+ testin(. t/e ran(e s'ale. pr%be an(le an* primary
(ain must be '/e'&e* an* '%rre'te*- /e'&s s/all als% be 'arrie* %ut ,/ene)er a system parameter is '/an(e*
%r '/an(es in t/e e2ui)alent settin(s are suspe'te*- I+ *e)iati%n is +%un* t% be lar(er t/an "L %+ ran(e s'ale. %r
# *! %+ primary (ain settin( %r "] %+ n%minal an(le pr%be. t/e testin( 'arrie* %ut ,it/ t/e e2uipment %)er t/e
pre)i%us peri%* s/all be repeate*-
Reporting
4)& Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10=. !10>. an* AST6 A>0H. '/apters H an* 1H- All in*i'ati%ns
e:'ee*in( =0L %+ t/e DA s/all be rep%rte*-
$anual magnetic particle testing of %($n and low alloy steel castings
4)2 6anual ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ -6n steel 'astin(s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO HH#;
4): Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10= an* !10>-
E 8** Ul%ras!nic an" li<'i" (ene%ran% %es%ing !+ "'(le, s%ainless s%eel cas%ings
3ltrasonic testing
8*) 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ *uple: stainless steel 'astin(s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ E"00. but ,it/
t/e +%ll%,in( a**iti%ns t% t/e re2uirements t%0
1 pr%bes
1 re+eren'e bl%'&s +%r an(le beam testin(
1 'astin( '%n*iti%ns +%r ultras%ni' testin(
1 testin( pr%'e*ure-
)ngle probes
8*4 An(le pr%bes +%r *uple: stainless steel s/all be t,in 'rystal CtransmitterIre'ei)er4 '%mpressi%n-,a)e
pr%bes- An(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes s/all an* 'an %nly be use* ,it/%ut s&ippin(-
8*8 B%, +re2uen'y s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes may be use* +%r *uple: stainless steel instea* %+ t,in 'rystal
CtransmitterIre'ei)er4 '%mpressi%n-,a)e pr%bes. pr%)i*e* it is )eri+ie* %n t/e re+eren'e bl%'&s t/at it is
p%ssible t% %btain a DA ,it/ a s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%be t/at is '%mparable t% t/e DA %btaine* ,it/ an an(le
'%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%be-
8*4 reep ,a)e pr%bes s/all be use* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ sub sur+a'e *e+e'ts 'l%se t% t/e s'annin( sur+a'e. unless
testin( 'an be per+%rme* +r%m b%t/ si*es-
8*# Re+eren'e bl%'&s +%r an(le beam testin( %+ *uple: stainless steel ,it/ an(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes
s/all /a)e si*e *rille* /%les an* a 1 mm *eep an* "0 mm ,i*e spar& er%*e* n%t'/ a''%r*in( t% Fi(ure ; an*
Table D-<-
%asting conditions for ultrasonic testing
8*5 Duple: steel stainless 'astin(s s/all be ma'/ine* a''%r*in( t% D"11 an* D"1"-
8*& T/e ma'/inin( %+ *uple: stainless steel 'astin(s +%r ultras%ni' testin( s/all ta&e int% a''%unt t/at an(le
'%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes s/all an* 'an %nly be use* ,it/%ut s&ippin(-
Testing procedure
8*2 T/e testin( pr%'e*ure +%r *uple: stainless steel 'astin(s s/all ta&e int% a''%unt t/at an(le '%mpressi%n
,a)e pr%bes s/all an* 'an %nly be use* ,it/%ut s&ippin(- T/e testin( s/all /en'e be per+%rme* +r%m as many
+a'es t/at a''ess permits-
$anual li*uid penetrant testing of duple" stainless steel castings
8*: 6anual li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ *uple: stainless steel 'astin(s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/
ISO #;=" %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*- P%st-emulsi+ie* penetrants s/%ul* be use* %n pre'isi%n 'astin(s %nly- T/e
penetrati%n an* *e)el%pin( times s/all be l%n( en%u(/ t% all%, e++e'ti)e *ete'ti%n %+ t/e smallest in*i'ati%ns
all%,e*-
8)* Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !10= an* !10>-
E 4** Ra"i!gra(hic %es%ing !+ cas%ings
General
4*) Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ 'astin(s s/all be *%ne a''%r*in( t% AS6E !%iler an* Pressure Vessel %*e.
Se'-=. arti'le ". man*at%ry appen*i: VII %r e2ui)alent stan*ar*- In a**iti%n. t/e appli'able re2uirements %+
!"00 an* t/e re2uirements bel%, s/all apply-
Procedures
4*4 Ra*i%(rap/i' pr%'e*ures s/all in a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements %+ !"0#. (i)e t/e +%ll%,in( in+%rmati%n0
1 s/%%tin( s&et'/es
1 '%)era(e
1 s%ur'e l%'ati%n
1 l%'ati%n %+ I5I
E #** Dis'al e,a$ina%i!n !+ cas%ings
#*) Visual e:aminati%n %+ 'astin(s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ;00 an* 6SS SP-==-
#*4 Rep%rts s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ;0=-
E 5** Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r cas%ings
3eneral
5*) A''eptan'e 'riteria s/all apply +%r t/e entire 'astin( %r p%rti%ns %+ t/e 'astin(- I+ *i++erent a''eptan'e
'riteria s/all apply +%r *i++erent p%rti%ns %+ t/e 'astin(. t/e 'riti'al areas %+ t/e 'astin( s/all be *e+ine*-
G'i"ance n!%eF
riti'al areas s/all in'lu*e abrupt '/an(es %+ se'ti%ns an* at t/e Gun'ti%ns %+ risers. +ee*ers an* (ates t% t/e 'astin(-
Hi(/ly stresse* areas su'/ as ,el* ne'&s s/all be '%nsi*ere* as 'riti'al areas-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
5*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r manual ultras%ni' strai(/t beam testin( %+ 'astin(s s/all be0
1 N% 'ra'&-li&e in*i'ati%ns are a''eptable. an*
1 A''%r*in( t% Table D-H-
5*8 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r manual ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ 'riti'al areas %+ 'astin(s s/all be a''%r*in( t%
Table D-100
5*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r manual ma(neti' parti'le testin( an* manual li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ 'astin(s
s/all be a''%r*in( t% Table D-11-
5*# A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r )isual inspe'ti%n %+ 'astin(s s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 6SS SP-0==-
1 Type 10 N%t a''eptable
1 Types " t% 1"0 A an* !-
Repairs by welding
5*5 %mplete rem%)al %+ t/e *e+e't s/all be '%n+irme* by ma(neti' parti'le testin(. %r li2ui* penetrant
testin( +%r n%n-+err%ma(neti' materials. be+%re re-,el*in(-
5*& Repair ,el*s %+ 'astin(s s/all meet t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria *esi(nate* +%r t/e parti'ular p%rti%n %+ t/e
'astin(-
F. A'%!$a%e" N!n-Des%r'c%i-e Tes%ing
F )** General
)*) T/ese re2uirements are appli'able t% all aut%mate* NDT pr%'esses e:'ept aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin(
%+ (irt/ ,el*s ,/ere spe'i+i' re2uirements are (i)en in Appen*i: E- T/e re2uirements (i)en in t/is subse'ti%n
are a**iti%nal t% t/e re2uirements %+ any '%*e %r stan*ar* ,/ere aut%mate* NDT met/%*s are pres'ribe* %r
%pti%nal-
)*4 Aut%mate* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( 'an repla'e manual n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %r %ne aut%mate* n%n-
*estru'ti)e testin( met/%*Isystem 'an repla'e an%t/er aut%mate* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( met/%*Isystem pr%)i*e*
Ta6le D-: Ul%ras!nic %es%ing acce(%ance cri%eria +!r cas%ings
Strai(/t beam testin(
AST6 A>0H. 10-"-1. 10-"-" an* 10-"-#
riti'al areas Ot/er areas
Table ". 5uality Be)el 1 Table ". 5uality Be)el #
An(le beam testin(
AST6 A>0H S1-;-1 an* Table "
riti'al areas Ot/er areas
Table ". 5uality Be)el 1 Table ". 5uality Be)el #
Ta6le D-)* Ra"i!gra(hic acce(%ance cri%eria +!r cas%ings
Standard $a"imum Severity #evel
3as p%r%sity
AST6 E"F0
"
In'lusi%ns "
S/rin&a(e "
ra'&s 0
H%t tears 0
Inserts 0
Ta6le D-)) Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r $an'al $agne%ic (ar%icle an" li<'i" (ene%ran% %es%ing !+ cas%ings
A ra'&-li&e *e+e'ts0 n%t permitte*
! Binear in*i'ati%ns ,it/ len(t/ m%re t/an t/ree times t/e ,i*t/0 n%t permitte*-
Binear in*i'ati%ns ,it/ len(t/ M 1-= mm may be *eeme* irrele)ant-
R%un*e* in*i'ati%ns0 Diameter M # mm. a''umulate* *iameters in any 100 1=0 mm area M F mm-
t/e e2ui)alen'e %+ systems is *%'umente* ,it/ re(ar* t% +un'ti%n. %perati%n. ability in *ete'ti%n an* siJin( an*
per+%rman'e-
)*8 D%'umentati%n %+ 'apabilityIper+%rman'e an* 2uali+i'ati%n %+ aut%mate* NDT systems in pipe mills
s/%ul* n%t be re2uire* +%r systems meetin( t/e *%'umentati%n re2uirements (i)en in H;0;-
F 4** D!c'$en%a%i!n !+ +'nc%i!n an" !(era%i!n
T/e aut%mate* NDT e2uipment s/all be *%'umente* ,it/ re(ar* t% +un'ti%n an* %perati%n- Items subGe't t%
*%'umentati%n in'lu*e0
1 brie+ +un'ti%nal *es'ripti%n %+ t/e e2uipment
1 *etaile* e2uipment *es'ripti%n
1 %perati%n manual in'lu*in( type an* +re2uen'y %+ +un'ti%nal '/e'&s
1 'alibrati%n
1 limitati%ns %+ t/e e2uipment ,it/ re(ar* t% material %r ,el* +eatures in'lu*in( siJe. (e%metry. type %+
+la,s. sur+a'e +inis/. material '%mp%siti%n et'-
1 repeatability-
F 8** D!c'$en%a%i!n !+ (er+!r$ance
8*) T/e 'apability an* per+%rman'e %+ aut%mate* NDT e2uipment s/all be *%'umente* by statisti'al re'%r*s
'%)erin(. as rele)ant0
1 a''ura'y in in*i'ati%n siJin( Cran*%m an* systemati' *e)iati%n4
1 a''ura'y in p%siti%nin( I l%'ati%n
1 *e+e't '/ara'terisati%n abilities '%mpare* t% t/e results %+ %t/er NDT per+%rme*
1 repeatability. an*
1 pr%bability %+ *ete'ti%n )alues %r *ata +%r *i++erent t/res/%l* settin(s t% *etermine t/e t/res/%l* t% be use*
+%r re2uire* *ete'ti%n *urin( testin(-
G'i"ance n!%eF
Aut%mate* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( e2uipment 'an (enerally be *i)i*e* int% t,% (r%ups- One (r%up '%nsists %+
e2uipment inten*e* +%r *ete'ti%n. siJin( an* p%siti%nin( %+ in*i'ati%ns Ctypi'ally real time ra*i%(rap/y4 an* %ne
(r%up '%nsistin( %+ e2uipment inten*e* +%r *ete'ti%n %nly an* ,/ere siJin( an* p%siti%nin( %+ in*i'ati%ns is
per+%rme* by %t/er means Ctypi'ally ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e ,el* seam a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-114- F%r t/e latter
types %+ e2uipment. *%'umentati%n %+ per+%rman'e may be limite* t% *em%nstrati%n %+ a*e2uate *ete'ti%n %+ *e+e'ts
typi'al +%r t/e manu+a'turin( pr%'ess. t/res/%l* settin( parameters an* repeatability-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
F 4** E'ali+ica%i!n
4*) A +ull 2uali+i'ati%n pr%(ramme +%r aut%mate* NDT e2uipment ,ill in (eneral '%mprise t/e +%ll%,in(
sta(es0
1 initial e)aluati%n an* '%n'lusi%ns base* %n a)ailable in+%rmati%n
1 i*enti+i'ati%n an* e)aluati%n %+ si(ni+i'ant parameters an* t/eir )ariability
1 plannin( an* e:e'uti%n %+ a per+%rman'e test pr%(ramme
1 re+eren'e in)esti(ati%ns-
F #** E-al'a%i!n !+ (er+!r$ance "!c'$en%a%i!n
#*) As a minimum a 2uali+i'ati%n ,ill in)%l)e an assessment %+ t/e aut%mate* NDT e2uipment te'/ni'al
*%'umentati%n. in'lu*in( t/e 2uality assuran'e system. an* a)ailable in+%rmati%n %n e2uipment 'apability an*
per+%rman'e- Bimite* pra'ti'al tests must be per+%rme* in many 'ases-
G. N!n-Des%r'c%i-e Tes%ing a% 9la%e an" C!il Mill
G )** General
)*) T/e n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( *urin( manu+a'ture %+ plate an* '%il s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t%
*%'umente* pr%'e*ures-
)*4 T/e testin( s/all in'lu*e testin( %+ a ban* al%n( t/e +%ur e*(es %+ plate +%r laminar imper+e'ti%ns- A
suitable all%,an'e in t/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e ban* s/all be ma*e t% '%mpensate +%r p%ssible %)ersiJe* plates an*
subse2uent e*(e millin( an* en* be)ellin(-
)*8 Testin( %+ '%il. e-(- +%r HF@ pipe. may alternati)ely be substitute* ,it/ testin( %+ +inis/e* pipe at t/e
pipe mill-
)*4 T/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e ban* at t/e l%n(itu*inal plate e*(es s/all e:ten*0
1 at least =0 mm insi*e t/e l%'ati%n %+ +uture ,el*in( preparati%ns +%r SA@ l%n(itu*inal ,el*s
1 At least 1= mm insi*e t/e l%'ati%n %+ +uture ,el*in( preparati%ns +%r HF@ l%n(itu*inal ,el*s-
)*# T/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e ban* at t/e trans)erse plate e*(es s/%ul* e:ten*0
1 at least =0 mm insi*e t/e l%'ati%n %+ +uture ,el*in( preparati%ns +%r (irt/ ,el*s-
)dditional non(destructive testing
)*5 Any a**iti%nal n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( s/all be spe'i+ie* by t/e pur'/aser-
)*& I+ aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( %+ (irt/ ,el*s *urin( installati%n ,ill be per+%rme* t/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e ban*
s/%ul* e:ten* at least 1=0 mm insi*e t/e l%'ati%n %+ +uture ,el*in( preparati%ns +%r (irt/ ,el*s-
)*2 I+ all%,an'e +%r re-be)ellin( %+ pipe s/all be in'lu*e*. t/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e ban* s/%ul* e:ten* at least 100
mm insi*e t/e l%'ati%n %+ +uture ,el*in( preparati%ns +%r (irt/ ,el*s-
)*: F%r *ete'ti%n %+ 'ra'&s an(le pr%bes s/all be use* t% supplement t/e strai(/t beam pr%bes- Testin( s/all
be in (eneral a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 A=<< %r e2ui)alent stan*ar* an*0
1 Pr%bes s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ "0#-
1 Sensiti)ity +%r -6n steel s/all be a DA 'ur)e base* %n re+eren'e bl%'&s ,it/ a re'tan(ular n%t'/ ,it/
*ept/ #L %+ t/e material t/i'&ness %n b%t/ si*es-
1 Re+eren'e bl%'&s +%r *uple: stainless steel an* austeniti' steels s/all /a)e %ne g# mm +lat b%tt%m /%le
perpen*i'ular t% t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e %+ t/e pr%be an* at t/e lar(est p%ssible *ept/ +r%m t/e s'annin(
sur+a'e %+ t/e bl%'&- Re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all be %+ t/e a'tual material teste* %r %+ a material ,it/ similar
,it/ a'%usti' pr%perties-
1 B%, +re2uen'y s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes may be use* +%r RA material instea* %+ t,in 'rystal CtransmitterI
re'ei)er4 '%mpressi%n-,a)e pr%bes- F%r a''eptan'e. it s/all be )eri+ie* %n t/e re+eren'e bl%'&s t/at it is
p%ssible t% %btain a DA ,it/ a s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%be t/at is '%mparable t% t/e DA %btaine* ,it/ an
an(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%be-
))* T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 N% in*i'ati%ns s/all e:'ee* t/e DA-
G 4** Ul%ras!nic %es%ing !+ C-Mn s%eel an" CRA (la%es
4*) 8ltras%ni' testin( +%r laminar imper+e'ti%ns s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 10FH#-H amen*e* as +%ll%,s0
1 t/e *istan'e bet,een a*Ga'ent s'annin( tra'&s s/all be su++i'iently small t% ensure *ete'ti%n %+ t/e minimum
imper+e'ti%n siJe t% be '%nsi*ere* in t/e plate b%*y an* all +%ur aut%mate* systems s/all in'%rp%rate la'& %+
'%uplin( alarm-
)utomated 3T(systems with automatic routines for scan interpretation of plates
4*4 8ltras%ni' inspe'ti%n systems ,it/ +ully aut%mate* r%utines +%r a''eptIreGe't %+ plates s/all in'%rp%rate
%pti%ns +%r manual e)aluati%n %+ all rep%rte* in*i'ati%ns an* manual %)erri*e %+ t/e system-
4*8 Any manual %)erri*in( %+ a''eptIreGe't '%n'lusi%ns +r%m a +ully aut%mati' plate e)aluati%n system s/all
be *%'umente* in t/e s'an rep%rt-
4*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r ultras%ni' testin( %+ -6n an* RA plate +%r laminar imper+e'ti%ns are (i)en in
Table D-1"-
Ta6le D-)4 Ul%ras!nic %es%ing= acce(%ance cri%eria +!r la$inar i$(er+ec%i!ns
)cceptance criteria for body
Service $a"imum allowed
imperfection
$inimum imperfection si,e to
be considered
Si,e of
reference area
$a"imum population
density
N%n-s%ur Area01 000 mm
"
Area0 #00 mm
"
Ben(t/0 #= mm
@i*t/0 F mm
1 000 mm

1 000 mm
10 ,it/in t/e
re+eren'e area
S%ur Area0 =00 mm
"
Area0 1=0 mm
"
Ben(t/0 1= mm
@i*t/0 F mm
=00 mm
=00 mm
= ,it/in t/e
re+eren'e area
4*# SubGe't t% a(reement t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r t/e b%*y %+ plate an* '%il 'an be limite* t% an all%,e*
permitte* area %+ 100 mm
"
an* a p%pulati%n *ensity %+ = an* ,it/ t/e minimum imper+e'ti%n siJe area #0 mm
"
.
len(t/ an* ,i*t/ = mm- All %t/er re2uirements in Table D-1" s/all apply-
G 8** Ul%ras!nic %es%ing !+ CRA cla" C-Mn s%eel (la%e
8*) F%r ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e ba'&in( material t/e re2uirements %+ 3100 an* 3"00 s/all apply-
8*4 8ltras%ni' testin( +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ la'& %+ b%n* bet,een t/e -6n ba'&in( material an* RA s/all
be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 A=<F. S< amen*e* as +%ll%,s0
1 t/e *istan'e bet,een a*Ga'ent s'annin( tra'&s s/all be su++i'iently small t% ensure *ete'ti%n %+ t/e
minimum imper+e'ti%n siJe t% be '%nsi*ere* in t/e plate b%*y an* all +%ur e*(es-
8*8 A''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 AST6 A=<F. S<- In a**iti%n. n% areas ,it/ laminati%ns %r la'& %+ b%n* are all%,e* in t/e plate e*(e areas-
G 4** Al%erna%i-e %es% $e%h!"s
4*) I+ a(ree* alternati)e met/%*s %+ testin( may be a''eptable. i+ t/e alternati)e test met/%* is *%'umente*
as re2uire* in H;0" an* t/e alternati)e test met/%* is *em%nstrate* t% (i)e at least t/e same sensiti)ity an*
'apability in *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns-
4*4 T/e *em%nstrati%n %+ t/e alternati)e test met/%* s/all be base* %n t/e prin'iples (i)en in Subse'ti%n F
an* usin( samples %+ plate similar t% t/%se %r*ere*- T/e plates s/all '%ntain a representati)e an* a(ree* siJe
ran(e %+ natural an*I%r arti+i'ial *e+e'ts %+ types t/at are typi'al +%r t/e manu+a'turin( pr%'ess in 2uesti%n-
G #** Dis(!si%i!n !+ (la%e an" c!il 1i%h 'nacce(%a6le la$ina%i!ns !r incl'si!ns
#*) Plates an* '%il t/at '%ntain una''eptable laminati%ns %r in'lusi%ns s/all be reGe'te* %r. i+ p%ssible. be 'ut
ba'& until n% laminati%n %r in'lusi%n e:'ee*in( t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria is present in t/e plateI'%il-
G 5** Dis'al e,a$ina%i!n !+ (la%e an" c!il
5*) Visual e:aminati%n s/all be 'arrie* %ut in a su++i'iently illuminate* area. minimum 1000 l: %n t/e area
%+ interest is re'%mmen*e*- I+ re2uire* t% %btain (%%* '%ntrast an* relie+ e++e't bet,een imper+e'ti%ns an*
ba'&(r%un* a**iti%nal li(/t s%ur'es s/all be use*-
5*4 F%r *ire't e:aminati%n t/e a''ess s/all (enerally permit pla'in( t/e eye ,it/in >00 mm %+ t/e sur+a'e t%
be e:amine* an* at an an(le %+ n%t less t/an appr%:imately #0]-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e pr%*u'ti%n pr%'ess %+ '%il 'an ma&e it *i++i'ult %r imp%ssible t% per+%rm )isual inspe'ti%n- T/e '%il 'an be t%%
/%t. m%)in( t%% +ast an* n%t be su++i'iently 'lean t% be able t% )isually inspe't- In su'/ 'ases t/e )isual inspe'ti%n. i+
re2uire*. must be per+%rme* at a later sta(e %+ t/e pipe pr%*u'ti%n pr%'ess-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
5*8 A su++i'ient am%unt %+ t%%ls. (au(es. measurin( e2uipment an* %t/er *e)i'es s/all be a)ailable at t/e
5*4 T/e %bGe'ts t% be e:amine* s/all be 'leane* t% rem%)e all s'ale an* pr%'essin( '%mp%un*s pri%r t%
e:aminati%n- T/e 'leanin( pr%'ess s/all n%t inGure t/e sur+a'e +inis/ %r mas& p%ssible imper+e'ti%ns-
)cceptance criteria for edges
Service
$a"imum allowed
imperfection
$inimum si,e of imperfection
to be considered
Si,e of
reference area
$a"imum population
density
All
Area0 100 mm
"
@i*t/0 > mm
Ben(t/0 10 mm 1 000 mm len(t/
# ,it/in t/e
re+eren'e area
N%tes0
14 F%r an imper+e'ti%n t% be lar(er t/an t/e minimum imper+e'ti%n t% be '%nsi*ere*. all *imensi%ns. e-(- min area. min len(t/ an*
min ,i*t/. ,ill /a)e t% be e:'ee*e* C+%r b%*y4-
"4 T,% %r m%re a*Ga'ent imper+e'ti%ns s/all be '%nsi*ere* as %ne imper+e'ti%n i+ t/ey are separate* by less t/an t/e smaller
*imensi%n %+ eit/er in*i'ati%n-
#4 T/e p%pulati%n *ensity s/all be t/e number %+ imper+e'ti%ns smaller t/an t/e ma:imum all%,e* an* lar(er t/an t/e minimum
imper+e'ti%n siJe t% be '%nsi*ere*
;4 T/e re+eren'e area +%r plateI'%il ,/en t/e plate ,i*t/ is less t/an %ne si*e %+ t/e s2uare re+eren'e area s/all be 1-00 m
"
+%r n%n-
s%ur an* 0-"= m
"
+%r s%ur ser)i'e-
=4 T/e ,i*t/ %+ an imper+e'ti%n is t/e *imensi%n trans)erse t% t/e l%n(itu*inal e*(e %+ t/e plateI'%il %r +%r pipe t/e l%n(itu*inal a:is-
Ta6le D-)4 Ul%ras!nic %es%ing= acce(%ance cri%eria +!r la$inar i$(er+ec%i!ns .C!n%in'e"/
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '&%
G &** Acce(%ance cri%eria an" "is(!si%i!n !+ s'r+ace i$(er+ec%i!ns
)cceptance criteria
&*) PlateI'%il s/all meet t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria spe'i+ie* by t/e pipe mill- T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria s/all un*er
n% 'ir'umstan'e be less strin(ent t/an t/e appli'able re2uirements +%r pipe. as spe'i+ie* in H=00-
&*4 Imper+e'ti%ns s/all be *resse* %ut by (rin*in(- 3r%un* areas s/all blen* sm%%t/ly int% t/e surr%un*in(
material- %mplete rem%)al %+ *e+e'ts s/all be )eri+ie* by l%'al )isual inspe'ti%n an* s/all be supplemente*
,it/ a suitable sur+a'e inspe'ti%n met/%* T/e remainin( ,all t/i'&ness in t/e (r%un* area s/all be '/e'&e* by
ultras%ni' ,all t/i'&ness measurements t% )eri+y t/at t/e t/i'&ness %+ t/e remainin( material is m%re t/an t/e
spe'i+ie* minimum- Imper+e'ti%ns t/at en'r%a'/ %n t/e minimum permissible ,all t/i'&ness a+ter (rin*in(
s/all be 'lassi+ie* as *e+e'ts-
isposition of plate with defects
&*8 Plate an* '%il t/at '%ntain *e+e'ts s/all be reGe'te* %r. i+ p%ssible. be 'ut ba'& until n% *e+e't is present
in t/e plateI'%il-
H. N!n-Des%r'c%i-e Tes%ing !+ ine(i(e a% 9i(e Mills
H )** General
)*) T/e e:tent %+ n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( *urin( manu+a'ture %+ linepipe s/all be as re2uire* in Se'-< F-
)*4 T/e types %+ testin( re2uire* are *e+ine* as0
1 ultras%ni' testin(
1 sur+a'e imper+e'ti%n testin(
1 ra*i%(rap/i' testin(-
@/ene)er t/e '/%i'e %+ n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( met/%*s is %pti%nal. t/is is in*i'ate* in t/is subse'ti%n-
)*8 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( s/all be per+%rme* in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e stan*ar*s liste* bel%, an* as re2uire*
in t/is subse'ti%n0
!lectromagnetic /flu" lea.age0
ISO 10FH#-# N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part #0 Aut%mate* +ull perip/eral +lu: lea&a(e testin(
%+ seamless an* ,el*e* Ce:'ept submer(e* ar'-,el*e*4 +err%ma(neti' steel tubes +%r t/e
*ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal an*I%r trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns
!lectromagnetic /eddy current0
ISO 10FH#-" N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part "0 Aut%mate* e**y 'urrent testin( %+ seamless an*
,el*e* Ce:'ept submer(e* ar'-,el*e*4 steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns
Radiographic
ISO 10FH#-> N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part >0 Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ t/e ,el* seam %+ ,el*e*
steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns
ISO 10FH#-< N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part <0 Di(ital ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ t/e ,el* seam %+
,el*e* steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns
3ltrasonic
ISO 10FH#-F N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part F0 Aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( %+ seamless an*
,el*e* steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns
ISO 10FH#-10 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part 100 Aut%mate* +ull perip/eral ultras%ni' testin( %+
seamless an* ,el*e* Ce:'ept submer(e* ar'-,el*e*4 steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+
l%n(itu*inal an*I%r trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns
ISO 10FH#-11 N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part 110 Aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e ,el* seam
%+ ,el*e* steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal an*I%r trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns
ISO 10FH#-1" N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part 1"0 Aut%mate* +ull perip/eral ultras%ni' t/i'&ness
testin( %+ seamless an* ,el*e* Ce:'ept submer(e* ar'-,el*e*4 steel tubes
#i*uid penetrant
ISO 10FH#-; N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part ;0 Bi2ui* penetrant inspe'ti%n %+ seamless an*
,el*e* steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns
$agnetic particle
ISO 10FH#-= N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ steel tubes - Part =0 6a(neti' parti'le inspe'ti%n %+ seamless an*
,el*e* +err%ma(neti' steel tubes +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '&$
)*4 All NDT s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% *%'umente* pr%'e*ures t/at. as a minimum. (i)e in+%rmati%n
%n t/e +%ll%,in( aspe'ts0
1 appli'able '%*eCs4 %r stan*ar*Cs4
1 ,el*in( met/%* C,/en rele)ant4
1 G%int (e%metry an* *imensi%ns C,/en rele)ant4
1 material
1 NDT met/%*
1 te'/ni2ue
1 e2uipment. main an* au:iliary
1 '%nsumables ,/en rele)ant Cin'lu*in( bran* name4
1 '%)era(e 'al'ulati%n supplemente* ,it/ s&et'/es
1 sensiti)ity
1 'alibrati%n re+eren'es an* te'/ni2ue
1 tri((er %r alarm settin(s
1 +%r ultras%ni' testin( e2uipment t/e pr%'e*ure s/all *es'ribe t/e met/%* +%r settin( an* '/e'&in( t/e la'&
%+ '%uplin( alarm
1 assessment %+ imper+e'ti%ns
1 met/%* +%r *em%nstratin( '%mplian'e %+ e2uipment ,it/ t/e assumpti%ns in t/e pr%'e*ure
1 rep%rtin( an* *%'umentati%n %+ results
1 assessment %+ imper+e'ti%ns. in'lu*in( S*e'isi%n treeT '%rresp%n*in( ,it/ internal %r(aniJati%n-
)*# Pers%nnel per+%rmin( NDT s/all be 2uali+ie* a''%r*in( t% A=00-
)*5 All NDT +%r +inal a''eptan'e %+ pipe s/all be per+%rme* a+ter '%mpleti%n %+ any '%l* e:pansi%n an* /eat
treatment %perati%ns-
F%r seamless pipe. t/e NDT +%r +inal a''eptan'e may be per+%rme* pri%r t% 'r%ppin(. be)ellin( an* en* siJin(-
%l* strai(/tenin( an* '%l* siJin( %+ seamless pipe en*s imp%sin( a ma:imum strain %+ 1-=L may be
per+%rme* a+ter sur+a'e testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y but pri%r t% testin( %+ pipe en*s-
All NDT +%r Sin-/%useT purp%ses may be per+%rme* at any time at t/e 6anu+a'turerAs *is'reti%n-
)*& I+ NDT %+ plate in a''%r*an'e ,it/ subse'ti%n 3 is per+%rme* at t/e plate mill. ultras%ni' testin( +%r
laminar imper+e'ti%ns may be %mitte* at t/e pipe mill-
)*2 Rep%rtin( %+ NDT s/all be a''%r*in( t% t/e re2uirements %+ t/e appli'able ISO stan*ar* unless %t/er,ise
a(ree*-
H 4** S's(ec% (i(e
4*) In all 'ases ,/en pipe inspe'ti%n results in t/e aut%mate* NDT system is (i)in( si(nals e2ual t% %r
(reater t/an t/e t/res/%l* le)el %r ,/en sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns are *is'l%se* by )isual e:aminati%n. t/e pipe
s/all be *eeme* suspe't-
Suspe't pipe 'an be *ealt ,it/ a''%r*in( t% %ne %+ t/e +%ll%,in( %pti%ns0
1 t/e suspe't pipe 'an be re-inspe'te* usin( t/e aut%mate* NDT e2uipment in t/e stati' m%*e- Pipes passin(
t/ese tests are *eeme* a''eptable
1 t/e suspe't area %+ t/e pipe 'an be re-teste* by manual NDT usin( t/e same NDT met/%* an* sensiti)ity
as t/e aut%mate* NDT. an* usin( appr%priate te'/ni2ues- Pipes passin( t/ese tests are *eeme* a''eptable
1 t/e suspe't area %+ ,el*s. e:'ept HF@ ,el*s. 'an be ra*i%(rap/e* t% *etermine i+ t/e in*i'ati%n is 'ause*
by sla( %r p%r%sity type in*i'ati%ns- Pipes meetin( t/e re2uirements %+ ISO 10FH#-> are *eeme* a''eptable
1 *e+e'ti)e ,el*s. e:'ept HF@ ,el*s. 'an be repaire* by ,el*in( a''%r*in( t% H#01 t/r%u(/ #0<
1 *e+e'ts 'an be rem%)e* by (rin*in( a''%r*in( t% H#0F
1 t/e suspe't area 'an be 'ut %++ i+ t/e minimum spe'i+ie* len(t/ is met a+ter 'uttin(
1 t/e pipe 'an be s'rappe*-
I+ t/e suspe't area is 'ut %++. t/en all NDT re2uirements pertainin( t% pipe en*s s/all be per+%rme* %n t/e ne,
pipe en*-
H 8** Re(air !+ s's(ec% (i(e
Repair welding
8*) Repair ,el*in( %+ pipe b%*y %r repair ,el*in( %+ ,el*s in HF@ pipe is n%t permitte*-
8*4 Repair ,el*in( %+ 'ra'&s is n%t permitte* unless t/e 'ause %+ 'ra'&in( /as been establis/e* n%t t% be a
systemati' ,el*in( err%r- CI+ t/ere is a 'ra'& in t/e ,el* t/e pipe is per *e+initi%n '%nsi*ere* reGe'te*-4 T/is
means a te'/ni'al e)aluati%n %+ t/e 'ause %+ 'ra'&in( s/all be per+%rme*- I+ it 'an be *em%nstrate* t/at t/e
'ra'& is a S%ne %++T situati%n. repair ,el*in( may be per+%rme* subGe't t% a(reement4
8*8 Repair ,el*in( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% 2uali+ie* repair ,el*in( pr%'e*ures- Ea'/ repair s/all
be per+%rme* ,it/ a minimum %+ t,% passes %)er a len(t/ n%t less t/an =0 mm-
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '&&
8*4 T/e t%tal len(t/ %+ ,el* repair in any sin(le pipe s/all n%t e:'ee* =L %+ t/e ,el* len(t/-
8*# @el* *e+e'ts separate* by less t/an 100 mm s/all be repaire* as a sin(le '%ntinu%us repair-
8*5 Re-inspe'ti%n %+ repair ,el*s s/all be 100L )isual e:aminati%n an* 100L ultras%ni' an*I%r 100L
ra*i%(rap/i' testin( as re2uire* +%r t/e %ri(inal ,el*-
8*& A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r ,el* repairs s/all be as +%r t/e %ri(inal ,el*-
Repair of welds by grinding
8*2 Sur+a'e *e+e'ts may be *resse* %ut by '%smeti' (rin*in(- 3r%un* areas s/all blen* sm%%t/ly int% t/e
surr%un*in( material- %mplete rem%)al %+ *e+e'ts s/all be )eri+ie* by l%'al )isual inspe'ti%n an* s/all be
supplemente* ,it/ a suitable sur+a'e inspe'ti%n met/%* T/e remainin( ,all t/i'&ness in t/e (r%un* area s/all
be '/e'&e* by ultras%ni' ,all t/i'&ness measurements t% )eri+y t/at t/e t/i'&ness %+ t/e remainin( material is
m%re t/an t/e spe'i+ie* minimum- Imper+e'ti%ns t/at en'r%a'/ %n t/e minimum permissible ,all t/i'&ness
an*I%r ,el* t/i'&ness s/all be 'lassi+ie* as *e+e'ts-
Repair of pipe body by grinding
8*: Repair %+ pipe b%*y by (rin*in( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% H="= t/r%u(/ ="<-
isposition of pipe containing defects
8)* Disp%siti%n %+ pipe '%ntainin( *e+e'ts a+ter repair s/all be a''%r*in( t% H="F-
H 4** General re<'ire$en%s +!r a'%!$a%e" NDT s7s%e$s
)lternative methods of testing
4*) SubGe't t% a(reement. alternati)e met/%*s %+ testin( may be a''epte* i+ t/e alternati)e test met/%* is
*%'umente* as re2uire* in H;0" an* t/e alternati)e test met/%* is *em%nstrate* t% (i)e at least t/e same
sensiti)ity an* 'apability in *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns-
4*4 T/e *em%nstrati%n %+ t/e alternati)e test met/%* s/all be base* up%n t/e prin'iples (i)en in Subse'ti%n
F an* usin( sample len(t/s %+ pipe similar t% t/%se %r*ere*- T/e pipes s/all '%ntain a representati)e an* a(ree*
siJe ran(e %+ natural an*I%r arti+i'ial *e+e'ts %+ types t/at are typi'al +%r t/e manu+a'turin( pr%'ess in 2uesti%n-
System calibration
4*8 All aut%mate* NDT systems s/all /a)e a +ull system 'alibrati%n ,it/ inter)als n%t e:'ee*in( 1" m%nt/s-
D%'umentati%n s/all be a)ailable-
ocumentation of system capabilities
4*4 D%'umentati%n %+ aut%mate* NDT systems s/all be a)ailable t% *em%nstrate t/at t/e systems are 'apable
%+ *ete'tin( t/e re+eren'e in*i'at%rs use* t% establis/ t/e spe'i+ie* test sensiti)ity- T/e *%'umentati%n s/all. as
a minimum '%)er0
1 NDT system %peratin( pr%'e*ures
1 'apability +%r t/e inten*e* ,all t/i'&ness
1 'apability +%r t/e inten*e* material
1 repeatability
1 *ete'ti%n %+ *e+e'ts typi'al +%r t/e manu+a'turin( pr%'ess ,it/ t/e e2uipment in 2uesti%n
1 t/res/%l* le)el settin( parameters
1 *ynami' test *ata *em%nstratin( t/e systems 'apability un*er pr%*u'ti%n test '%n*iti%ns-
Reference standards for ultrasonic and electromagnetic inspection
4*# Re+eren'e stan*ar*s s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ t/e appli'able ISO stan*ar* an* t/e re2uirements
(i)en in t/is appen*i:-
4*5 T/e re+eren'e stan*ar* s/all be a len(t/ %+ pipe ,it/ t/e same %utsi*e *iameter an* ,all t/i'&ness
t%leran'es an* ,it/ similar a'%usti' pr%perties as t/e pipe teste* *urin( pr%*u'ti%n- F%r ,el*e* pipe t/e
re+eren'e stan*ar* s/all '%ntain a ,el* typi'al +%r t/e pr%*u'ti%n ,el* t% be teste*-
4*& Re+eren'e stan*ar*s may be %+ any '%n)enient len(t/ as *e'i*e* by t/e manu+a'turer-
4*2 Re+eren'e stan*ar*s s/all '%ntain re+eren'e in*i'at%rs as re2uire* by t/is Appen*i: +%r t/e pipe t% be
teste*-
4*: Veri+i'ati%n %+ t/e *imensi%ns an* s/ape %+ all re+eren'e in*i'at%rs s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% a
*%'umente* pr%'e*ure- D%'umentati%n s/all be a)ailable- All re+eren'e stan*ar*s s/all be mar&e* ,it/ an
i*enti+i'ati%n t/at relates t% t/e spe'i+i' appli'ati%n %+ ea'/ re+eren'e stan*ar*-
;alidation of length of pipe tested
4)* @/en aut%mate* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( e2uipment is use*. a s/%rt area at b%t/ pipe en*s ,ill n%rmally
n%t be teste*- A sample pipe s/all be +itte* ,it/ %ne h #-0 mm t/r%u(/ *rille* /%le at t/e ,el* 'enterline at
ea'/ en*- T/e *istan'e +r%m t/e pipe en* t% t/e /%le s/all be e2ual t% t/e len(t/ n%t '%)ere* by t/e aut%mate*
testin( e2uipment *urin( pr%*u'ti%n testin(- Pri%r t% start %+ pr%*u'ti%n t/e pipe s/all be passe* t/r%u(/ t/e
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '&'
ultras%ni' testin( e2uipment at t/e %perati%nal s'annin( )el%'ity- F%r a''eptan'e %+ t/e e2uipment. b%t/ /%les
s/all be *ete'te* by all pr%besI+%'al la,- T/ese /%les 'an be intr%*u'e* in t/e re+eren'e bl%'&- I+ h #-0 mm
t/r%u(/ *rille* /%le at t/e ,el* 'enterline at ea'/ en* is unsuitable t% re(ister at s'annin( sensiti)ity +%r t/e
te'/ni2ue intr%*u'e* t% t/e inspe'ti%n Set 8p. alternati)e re+eren'e re+le't%rs s/all be pr%p%se* an* a(ree* %n-
Scanning velocity
4)) T/e s'annin( )el%'ity s/all be sele'table- T/e s'annin( )el%'ity s/all be set l%, en%u(/ s% t/at t/e
len(t/ bet,een t/e a'ti)ati%n %+ ea'/ pr%be Cspatial res%luti%n4 is su++i'iently s/%rt. i-e- t/e *istan'e t/e pr%be
tra)els ,/ile ina'ti)e. s/all be si(ni+i'antly less t/an t/e ma:imum len(t/ %+ all%,able imper+e'ti%ns-
4)4 T/e s'annin( )el%'ity V
+%r inspe'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal ,el*s s/all be *etermine* a''%r*in( t%0

@/ere @
is t/e narr%,est - > *! e++e'ti)e beam ,i*t/ at t/e appr%priate *istan'e %+ all pr%bes ,it/in t/e
array an* PRF is t/e e++e'ti)e pulse repetiti%n +re2uen'y per pr%be-
4)8 T/e 'ir'um+erential s'annin( )el%'ity +%r inspe'ti%n %+ seamless pipe an* /eli'al ,el*s s/all be *e'i*e*
*epen*in( %n e++e'ti)e pulse spa'in( Cpulse *ensity4 an* %n 'ir'um+erential s'annin( spee* an* /eli'al pit'/-
T/e e++e'ti)e pulse spa'in( CEPS4 is spe'i+ie* as +%ll%,s0
1 EPS ? 'ir'um+erential s'annin( spee*IPRF
1 EPS s/all n%t e:'ee* 1 mmIpulse-
1 T/e /eli'al pit'/ CmmIre)%luti%n4 s/all n%t e:'ee* t/e narr%,est - > *! e++e'ti)e beam ,i*t/ %+ all pr%bes ,it/in
t/e array-
#ac. of coupling
4)4 Aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( systems s/all in'%rp%rate a system +%r *ete'ti%n %+ la'& %+ '%uplin(- T/e
settin(s +%r la'& %+ '%uplin( alarm an* '/e'& %+ t/e settin(s s/all be *es'ribe* in t/e manu+a'turerNs ,ritten
pr%'e*ure-
'nitial sensitivity and threshold settings /calibration0
4)# T/e sensiti)ity an* t/res/%l* settin(s s/all be establis/e* a''%r*in( t% a *%'umente* pr%'e*ure- T/e
system s/all be %ptimise* in t/e stati' m%*e- @/en t/e settin(s are %ptimise*. t/e rele)ant parameters s/all be
re'%r*e* an* t/e re+eren'e stan*ar* s/all be passe* # times t/r%u(/ t/e e2uipment at t/e %perati%nal )el%'ity-
Any '/an(e in settin(s re2uire* t% maintain t/e stati' m%*e settin(s s/all be re'%r*e* as an a)era(e %+ t/e #
runs- F%r a''eptan'e %+ t/e settin(s. all re+eren'e re+le't%rs nee* t% be *ete'te* at %r ab%)e t/e t/res/%l*-
4)5 Durin( pr%*u'ti%n testin( t/e relati)e spee* %+ m%)ement bet,een t/e pipe an* t/e test assembly s/all
n%t e:'ee* t/at use* +%r t/e sensiti)ity an*I%r alarm settin(s *urin( *ynami' 'alibrati%n-
;erification of sensitivity and threshold settings /calibration0
4)& T/e sensiti)ity an*I%r alarm settin(s s/all be )eri+ie* e)ery +%urt/ /%ur %r %n'e e)ery 10 pipes teste*.
,/i'/e)er is t/e l%n(er peri%*. an*0
1 at t/e start an* en* %+ ea'/ s/i+t
1 at any '/an(e %+ e2uipment %perat%r C+%r '%ntinu%us s/i+ts t/e en* an* start )eri+i'ati%n 'an be '%mbine*4
1 ,/ene)er a mal+un'ti%n %+ t/e e2uipment is suspe'te*-
T/e )eri+i'ati%n +re2uen'y ,/en manu+a'turin( HF@ pipe +r%m '%il s/all be a(ree* up%n- As a minimum t/e
+re2uen'y s/all be at t/e be(innin( an* en* %+ an inspe'ti%n an* at any st%ps in pr%*u'ti%n-
Resetting of sensitivity and threshold settings /recalibration0
4)2 Resettin( %+ sensiti)ity an* t/res/%l* settin(s s/all be per+%rme* ,/ene)er0
1 t/e stan*ar* re+le't%rs *% n%t tri((er t/e alarm *urin( )eri+i'ati%n %+ sensiti)ity an* t/res/%l* settin(s
1 a '/an(e %+ '%mp%nent a++e'tin( t/e sensiti)ity an*I%r alarm settin( is ma*e in t/e system
1 t/e )eri+i'ati%n %+ sensiti)ity an*I%r alarm settin(s +ails t% meet t/e re2uirements +%r t/e parti'ular
e2uipment-
F%r re-settin( %+ sensiti)ity an* t/res/%l* settin(s *urin( pr%*u'ti%n t/e settin(s s/all be %ptimise* in t/e stati'
m%*e- @/en t/e settin(s /a)e been %ptimise*. t/e re+eren'e stan*ar* s/all be passe* %n'e t/r%u(/ t/e
e2uipment at t/e %perati%nal )el%'ity- Any '/an(e in settin(s re2uire* t% maintain t/e stati' m%*e settin(s s/all
be re'%r*e*- F%r a''eptan'e %+ t/e settin(s. all re+eren'e re+le't%rs nee* t% be *ete'te* at %r ab%)e t/e t/res/%l*-
Retesting of pipes
4): I+ t/e )eri+i'ati%n %+ sensiti)ity an* t/res/%l* settin(s +ails t% meet t/e re2uirements +%r t/e parti'ular
e2uipment. all pipes inspe'te* sin'e t/e pre)i%us su''ess+ul )eri+i'ati%n s/all be reteste*-
V
PRF #
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '&1
Specific re*uirements for ultrasonic testing e*uipment for welds
44* T/e e2uipment s/all be 'apable %+ inspe'tin( t/e entire t/i'&ness %+ t/e ,el* seam-
44) !e+%re startin( pr%*u'ti%n testin(. t/e ran(e s'ale an* an(le %+ all pr%bes s/all be *em%nstrate* t%
'%mply ,it/ t/e *%'umente* pr%'e*ure-
444 E2uipment +%r testin( %+ ,el*s s/all /a)e a ,el* tra'&in( system- T/e system s/%ul* be 'apable %+
tra'&in( t/e ,el* 'entreline ,it/ an a''ura'y %+ [ " mm %r better- F%r systems n%t meetin( t/is re2uirement it
s/all be *%'umente* t/at0
1 t/e sensiti)ity *urin( pr%*u'ti%n testin( ,ill n%t be a++e'te* by t/e l%,er a''ura'y %+ t/e tra'&in( system
1 t/at t/e l%,er a''ura'y is '%mpensate* by system sensiti)ity an* (ate settin(s-
448 T/e (ates s/all be set ,i*e en%u(/ t% '%)er # mm %+ t/e base material %utsi*e t/e +usi%n line an* t%
'%mpensate +%r0
1 t/e t%leran'es %+ ,el* tra'&in( system
1 )ariati%ns in t/e ,i*t/ %+ e:ternal an* internal 'aps
1 %++sets bet,een t/e e:ternal an* internal ,el* bea*-
3ltrasonic testing of %R) pipes and welds with %R) weld deposits
444 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ ,el*s ,it/ RA C*uple:. %t/er stainless steels an* ni'&el all%y steel4 ,el* *ep%sits
,ill in %r*er t% a'/ie)e an a*e2uate *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns. n%rmally re2uire t/at spe'ial re+eren'e bl%'&s
an* pr%bes are use* +%r testin( %+ t/ese materials-
44# An(le pr%bes +%r *uple: stainless steel an* austeniti' steels s/all be t,in 'rystal CtransmitterIre'ei)er4
'%mpressi%n-,a)e pr%bes- An(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes s/all an* 'an %nly be use* +%r s'annin( ,it/%ut
s&ippin( an* 'reep ,a)e pr%bes must t/ere+%re be use* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ sub-sur+a'e *e+e'ts 'l%se t% t/e
s'annin( sur+a'e-
445 Re+eren'e bl%'&s +%r *uple: stainless steel an* austeniti' steels materials an* t/e ,el* *ep%sits s/all
/a)e a spe'i+i' l%'ati%n an* type %+ re+eren'e re+le't%rs in (eneral '%mplian'e ,it/ !;00- Sur+a'e n%t'/es ,ill
n%t be suitable *ue t% t/e m%*e '%n)ersi%ns at base material an* a sur+a'e n%t'/- T/is ,ill result in multiple
e'/%es ,it/ *i++erent arri)al time appearin( +r%m t/e same n%t'/- T/e a'tual re+le'ti%n +r%m t/e re+le't%r ,ill
be ,ea& an* *istin(uis/in( t/is e'/% +r%m %t/er si(nals ,ill %+ten n%t be p%ssible-
44& Spe'i+i' ultras%ni' testin( pr%'e*ures s/all be *e)el%pe* +%r t/is testin(- T/e pr%'e*ures s/all be
*e)el%pe* '%nsi*erin( t/e re2uirements !;00 an* a**ressin( t/e spe'i+i' +eatures an* '/ara'teristi's %+ t/e
e2uipment t% be use*-
442 It is re'%(nise* t/at n%t all e2uipment ,ill be a*aptable t% meet t/e re2uirements ab%)e-
44: B%, +re2uen'y s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes may be use* +%r *uple: stainless steel an* austeniti' steels
instea* %+ t/e an(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes. pr%)i*e* it is )eri+ie* %n re+eren'e bl%'&s ma*e in a''%r*an'e
,it/ !;00 t/at it is p%ssible t% %btain a DA ,it/ s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%beCs4 t/at is '%mparable t% a DA
%btaine* +r%m an(le '%mpressi%n-,a)e pr%bes- T/e s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes use* +%r t/is )eri+i'ati%n s/all be
i*enti'al t% t/e pr%bes use* in t/e pr%*u'ti%n testin( e2uipment-
48* I+ it is n%t p%ssible t% *em%nstrate a*e2uate per+%rman'e %+ l%, +re2uen'y s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes +%r
ultras%ni' testin( %+ *uple: stainless steel an* austeniti' steels. %t/er met/%*s %r '%mbinati%n %+ met/%*s s/all
be use* an* t/e a*e2ua'y %+ t/e met/%*Cs4 *em%nstrate*-
48) N%t'/es an* t/r%u(/ *rille* /%les are n%t '%nsi*ere* a suitable re+le't%r +%r '%mpressi%n ,a)e an(le
pr%bes *ue t% t/e m%*e '%n)ersi%n an* unpre*i'table arri)al times %+ m%*e '%n)erte* si(nals- @/en
'%mpressi%n ,a)e an(le pr%bes are use*. %t/er types %+ re+le't%rs s/all be use* an* t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria
spe'i+ie* a''%r*in(ly-
Specific re*uirements for radiographic testing
484 Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 10FH#->. ima(e 'lass ! usin( ,ire type
Ima(e 5uality In*i'at%rs CI5I4 in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1H"#"-1 %r stepI/%le type %n ISO 1H"#"-"-
488 Di(ital Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( te'/ni2ues in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 10FH#-< 'an be use* pr%)i*e* t/e
e2uipment /as been *em%nstrate*. in a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n F. t% (i)e sensiti)ity an* *ete'ti%n e2ui)alent
t% '%n)enti%nal :-ray a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#->-
484 I+ ra*i%s'%pi' testin( te'/ni2ues are use*. t/e 2uality %+ t/e ray ima(e /as t% be )eri+ie* as re2uire* in
;1<-
H #** Dis'al e,a$ina%i!n an" resi"'al $agne%is$
General
#*) Visual e:aminati%n s/all be 'arrie* %ut in a su++i'iently illuminate* areaO minimum 1000 l:. I+ re2uire*
a**iti%nal li(/t s%ur'es s/all be use* t% %btain (%%* '%ntrast an* relie+ e++e't bet,een imper+e'ti%ns an*
ba'&(r%un*-
#*4 In a''%r*an'e ,it/ Se'-<. Table <-1>. ea'/ linepipe s/all be subGe't t% 100L )isual inspe'ti%n- T/is
implies 100L )isual inspe'ti%n %+ t/e %utsi*e %+ t/e pipe b%*y- T/e interi%r %+ t/e pipe s/all be inspe'te* +r%m
b%t/ en*s as +ar as a''ess permits- T/e interi%r %+ *uple: stainless steel an* 'la*Iline* material s/%ul* be 100L
)isually inspe'te*-
#*8 A su++i'ient am%unt %+ t%%ls. (au(es. measurin( e2uipment an* %t/er *e)i'es s/all be a)ailable at t/e
#*4 T/e pipes t% be e:amine* s/all be 'leane* t% rem%)e l%%se s'ale an* pr%'essin( '%mp%un*s t/at may
inter+ere ,it/ t/e e:aminati%n- T/e 'leanin( pr%'ess s/all n%t a++e't t/e sur+a'e +inis/ %r mas& p%ssible
imper+e'ti%ns-
#*# SubGe't t% a(reement. alternati)e met/%*s %+ testin( may be a''epte*- It s/all be *em%nstrate* t/at t/e
alternati)e test met/%* (i)e at least t/e same sensiti)ity an* 'apability in *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns- T/e
*em%nstrati%n %+ t/e alternati)e test met/%* s/all be base* up%n t/e prin'iples (i)en in Subse'ti%n F %n similar
pipes t% t/%se %r*ere*- T/e pipes s/all '%ntain a representati)e an* a(ree* siJe ran(e %+ natural an*I%r arti+i'ial
*e+e'ts %+ types t/at are typi'al +%r t/e manu+a'turin( pr%'ess in 2uesti%n-
;isual e"amination of all linepipe
#*5 En* preparati%n su'/ as be)ellin( s/all meet t/e spe'i+ie* re2uirements-
#*& T/e internal ,el* bea* s/all be rem%)e* by (rin*in( +%r a *istan'e %+ at least 100 mm +r%m ea'/ pipe
en*- T/e transiti%n bet,een base material an* ,el* metal s/all be sm%%t/ an* t/e /ei(/t %+ t/e remainin( ,el*
bea* s/all n%t e:ten* ab%)e t/e a*Ga'ent pipe sur+a'e by m%re t/an 0-= mm-
#*2 I+ spe'i+ie*. t/e e:ternal ,el* bea* s/all be rem%)e* by (rin*in( +%r a *istan'e %+ at least "=0 mm +r%m
ea'/ pipe en*- T/e transiti%n bet,een base material an* ,el* metal s/all be sm%%t/ an* t/e /ei(/t %+ t/e
remainin( ,el* bea*s s/all n%t e:ten* ab%)e t/e a*Ga'ent pipe sur+a'e by m%re t/an 0-= mm-
;isual e"amination of welds in linepipe
#*: Ea'/ linepipe ,el* s/all be subGe't t% 100L )isual e:aminati%n in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 1<>#<- F%r -
6n steel linepipe ,it/ internal *iameter CID4 >10. t/e internal ,el* s/all be 100L )isually inspe'te*- T/e
internal ,el* %+ -6n linepipe ,it/ ID M >10 mm s/all be inspe'te* +r%m b%t/ en*s as +ar as a''ess permits-
#)* T/e internal ,el* an* a*Ga'ent sur+a'es in *uple: stainless steel. RA an* 'la* linepipe s/all be
inspe'te* +ull len(t/- I+ ne'essary. t/e inspe'ti%n %+ t/e internal ,el* s/all be assiste* by a b%r%s'%pe. )i*e%
en*%s'%pe %r similar e2uipment-
#)) @el*s s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ Table D-;-
#)4 Bine pipe '%ntainin( ,el*s n%t meetin( t/e re2uirements ab%)e s/all be 'lassi+ie* as suspe't pipe
a''%r*in( t% H"00. an* treate* a''%r*in( t% H#00-
Surface conditions+ imperfections and defects
#)8 T/e sur+a'e +inis/ pr%*u'e* by t/e manu+a'turin( pr%'ess s/all be su'/ t/at sur+a'e *e+e'ts 'an be
*ete'te* by )isual inspe'ti%n-
#)4 All pipes s/all be +ree +r%m *e+e'ts in t/e +inis/e* '%n*iti%n- T/e manu+a'turer s/all ta&e a*e2uate
pre'auti%ns t% pre)ent pipe *ama(e an* minimise t/e presen'e %+ imper+e'ti%ns-
#)# ra'&s. s,eats %r lea&s are n%t a''eptable an* s/all be 'lassi+ie* as *e+e'ts-
#)5 Sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns e)i*ent by )isual inspe'ti%n s/all be in)esti(ate*. 'lassi+ie* an* treate* as
a''%r*in( t% H=1< t% H=""- H=1H applies t% sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns at t/e internal sur+a'e %+ 'la* %r line* pipes-
#)& Imper+e'ti%ns ,it/ *ept/ =L %+ t/e spe'i+ie* ,all t/i'&ness. %r 0-= mm. ,/i'/e)er is (reater. but
ma:imum 0-< mm +%r t "= mm. an* ma:imum 1-0 mm +%r t _ "= mm. an* ,/i'/ *% n%t en'r%a'/ up%n t/e
spe'i+ie* minimum ,all t/i'&ness. s/all be 'lassi+ie* as a''eptable imper+e'ti%ns- T/e imper+e'ti%ns may
remain in t/e pipe %r be *resse* %ut by '%smeti' (rin*in(-
#)2 Imper+e'ti%ns ,it/ *ept/ lar(er t/an state* in H=1<. an* ,/i'/ *% n%t en'r%a'/ up%n t/e spe'i+ie*
minimum ,all t/i'&ness. s/all be 'lassi+ie* as *ressable *e+e'ts an* s/all eit/er be rem%)e* by (rin*in( in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ H="= %r treate* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ H="F. as appr%priate-
#): F%r t/e internal sur+a'e %+ 'la* %r line* pipes t/e +%ll%,in( applies0 Imper+e'ti%ns ,it/ *ept/ 0-= mm.
an* ,/i'/ *% n%t en'r%a'/ up%n t/e spe'i+ie* minimum ,all t/i'&ness. s/all be 'lassi+ie* as a''eptable
imper+e'ti%ns- T/e imper+e'ti%ns may remain in t/e pipe %r be *resse* %ut by '%smeti' (rin*in(- Imper+e'ti%ns
,it/ lar(er *ept/. an* ,/i'/ *% n%t en'r%a'/ up%n t/e spe'i+ie* minimum ,all t/i'&ness. s/all be 'lassi+ie*
as *ressable *e+e'ts an* s/all eit/er be rem%)e* by (rin*in( in a''%r*an'e ,it/ H="= %r treate* in a''%r*an'e
,it/ H="F. as appr%priate-
#4* Imper+e'ti%ns ,/i'/ en'r%a'/ up%n t/e spe'i+ie* minimum ,all t/i'&ness s/all be 'lassi+ie* as *e+e'ts-
#4) T,% %r m%re a*Ga'ent imper+e'ti%ns s/all be '%nsi*ere* as %ne imper+e'ti%n i+ t/ey are separate* by less
t/an t/e smaller *imensi%n %+ eit/er in*i'ati%n-
#44 Imper+e'ti%ns ,it/ *ept/ a''%r*in( t% H=1< %r H=1H %+ ,/i'/ t/e *ept/ 'an n%t be assesse* by suitable
(au(es %r alternati)e means. s/all eit/er be rem%)e* by (rin*in( in a''%r*an'e ,it/ H="= %r treate* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ H="F. as appr%priate-
ents
#48 F%r *ents ,it/%ut any '%l* +%rme* n%t'/es an* s/arp b%tt%m (%u(es. t/e len(t/ in any *ire'ti%n s/all be
0-= D an* t/e *ept/. measure* as t/e (ap bet,een t/e e:treme p%int %+ t/e *ent an* t/e pr%l%n(ati%n %+ t/e
n%rmal '%nt%ur %+ t/e pipe. s/all n%t e:'ee* >-; mm-
1 F%r *ents ,it/ '%l*-+%rme* n%t'/es an* s/arp b%tt%m (%u(es ,it/ *ept/ a''%r*in( t% H=1< t/e *ept/ %+
*ents s/all n%t e:'ee* #-" mm-
1 Dents _ 1 mm are n%t a''eptable at t/e pipe en*s. i-e- ,it/in a len(t/ %+ 100 mm at ea'/ %+ t/e pipe
e:tremities-
1 Dents e:'ee*in( t/ese *imensi%ns s/all be 'lassi+ie* as *e+e'ts-
1ard spots
#44 Har* sp%ts. as i*enti+ie* e-(- *ue t% irre(ularities in t/e pipe 'ur)ature %+ '%l*-+%rme* ,el*e* linepipe.
s/all be in)esti(ate* t% *etermine t/e /ar*ness an* *imensi%ns %+ t/e area-
F%r linepipe inten*e* +%r n%n s%ur ser)i'e t/e /ar*ness s/all n%t e:'ee*0
1 #00 HV10 +%r -6n steels
1 t/e )alues (i)en in Se'-< Table <-11. +%r t/e material in 2uesti%n-
F%r linepipe inten*e* +%r s%ur ser)i'e CSupplementary re2uirement S4 t/e /ar*ness s/all n%t e:'ee*0
1 "=0 HV10 -6n steel unless a /i(/er /ar*ness /as been 2uali+ie* a''%r*in( t% Se'-> !"0" an* App-! ;00-
1 +%r %t/er steels. ma:imum all%,able /ar*ness a''%r*in( t% ISO 1=1=>-#-
Har* sp%ts %utsi*e t/e /ar*ness re2uirements +%r t/e appli'able material lar(er t/an =0 mm in any *ire'ti%n
an* ,it/in 100 mm %+ t/e pipe en*s re(ar*less %+ siJe s/all be 'lassi+ie* as *e+e'ts-
Grinding
#4# Imper+e'ti%ns %r *e+e'ts a''%r*in( t% H=1F %r H=1H may be *resse*-%ut by (rin*in(- 3r%un* areas s/all
blen* sm%%t/ly int% t/e surr%un*in( material- %mplete rem%)al %+ *e+e'ts s/all be )eri+ie* by l%'al )isual
inspe'ti%n an* s/all be supplemente* ,it/ a suitable sur+a'e inspe'ti%n met/%* T/e remainin( ,all t/i'&ness
in t/e (r%un* area s/all be '/e'&e* by ultras%ni' ,all t/i'&ness measurements t% )eri+y t/at t/e t/i'&ness %+
t/e remainin( material is m%re t/an t/e spe'i+ie* minimum-
#45 T/e sum %+ t/e (r%un* area s/all n%t e:'ee* 10L %+ t/e sum %+ t/e e:ternal an* internal sur+a'e area %+
ea'/ pipe- 3r%un* areas ,/i'/ /a)e been sm%%t/ly blen*e* int% t/e surr%un*in( material an* 'lassi+ie* as
'%smeti' (rin*in( s/all n%t be '%unte* in t/e 'al'ulati%n-
#4& Full len(t/ ma'/inin( %+ pipes is a''eptable i+ ma'/inin( is per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% a 2uali+ie* pr%'e*ure
t/at ensures +ree*%m +r%m 'ir'um+erential (r%%)es %r %t/er *e+e'ts ,it/ *ept/ _ 0-= mm- H="> *%es n%t apply
t% pipe t/at are ma'/ine* +ull len(t/-
isposition of pipe containing defects
#42 Binepipe '%ntainin( *e+e'ts s/all be reGe'te* %r t/e area '%ntainin( *e+e'ts 'an be 'ut %++- I+ pipes are
'ut. t/e minimum spe'i+ie* len(t/ s/all be met a+ter 'uttin( an* all NDT pertainin( t% pipe en*s s/all be
per+%rme* %n t/e ne, pipe en*-
Residual magnetism
#4: T/e l%n(itu*inal ma(neti' +iel* s/all be measure* %n pipe ,it/ D 1>F-# mm an* all smaller pipes t/at
are inspe'te* +ull len(t/ by ma(neti' met/%*s %r are /an*le* by ma(neti' e2uipment pri%r t% l%a*in(-
1 T/e measurements s/all be ta&en %n t/e r%%t +a'e %r s2uare 'ut +a'e %+ +inis/e* pipe- 6easurements ma*e
%n pipe in sta'&s are n%t '%nsi*ere* )ali*-
1 6easurements s/all be ma*e %n ea'/ en* %+ a pipe. +%r =L %+ t/e pipes pr%*u'e* but at least %n'e per ; /r
per %peratin( s/i+t usin( a Hall-e++e't (auss-meter %r %t/er type %+ 'alibrate* instrument- In 'ase %+ *ispute.
measurements ma*e ,it/ a Hall-e++e't (auss-meter s/all (%)ern- 6easurements s/all be ma*e in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ a ,ritten pr%'e*ure *em%nstrate* t% pr%*u'e a''urate results-
1 Pipe ma(netism s/all be measure* subse2uent t% any inspe'ti%n t/at uses a ma(neti' +iel*. pri%r t% l%a*in(
+%r s/ipment +r%m t/e pipe mill-
1 F%ur rea*in(s s/all be ta&en H0] apart ar%un* t/e 'ir'um+eren'e %+ ea'/ en* %+ t/e pipe-
#8* T/e a)era(e %+ t/e +%ur rea*in(s s/all be less %r e2ual t% "-0 mT C"0 3auss4. an* n% sin(le rea*in( s/all
e:'ee* "-= mT C"= 3auss4- Any pipe t/at *%es n%t meet t/is re2uirement s/all be '%nsi*ere* *e+e'ti)e-
#8) All pipes pr%*u'e* bet,een t/e *e+e'ti)e pipe an* t/e last a''eptable pipe s/all be in*i)i*ually measure*
unless t/e pr%)isi%ns %+ H=#0 'an be applie*-
#84 I+ t/e pipe pr%*u'ti%n se2uen'e is *%'umente*. pipe may be measure* in re)erse se2uen'e. be(innin(
,it/ t/e pipe pr%*u'e* imme*iately pri%r t% t/e *e+e'ti)e pipe. until at least t/ree '%nse'uti)ely pr%*u'e* pipes
meet t/e re2uirements-
1 Pipe pr%*u'e* pri%r t% t/ese t/ree a''eptable pipes nee* n%t be measure*
1 Pipe pr%*u'e* a+ter t/e *e+e'ti)e pipe s/all be measure* in*i)i*ually until at least t/ree '%nse'uti)e pipes
meet t/e re2uirements-
#88 All *e+e'ti)e pipe s/all be *e-ma(netiJe* +ull len(t/. an* t/en t/eir ma(netism s/all be re-measure* until
at least t/ree '%nse'uti)e pipes meet t/e re2uirements %+ H=#0-
#84 F%r pipe /an*le* ,it/ ele'tr%ma(neti' e2uipment a+ter measurement %+ ma(netism. su'/ /an*lin( s/all
be per+%rme* in a manner *em%nstrate* n%t t% 'ause resi*ual ma(netism e:'ee*in( t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria in
H=#0-
#8# T/e re2uirements +%r resi*ual ma(netism s/all apply %nly t% testin( ,it/in t/e pipe mill sin'e t/e
resi*ual ma(netism in pipe may be a++e'te* by pr%'e*ures an* '%n*iti%ns imp%se* %n t/e pipe *urin( an* a+ter
s/ipment-
H 5** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing !+ (i(e en"s n!% %es%e" 67 a'%!$a%e" NDT e<'i($en%
3ntested pipe ends
5*) @/en aut%mate* n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( e2uipment is use*. a s/%rt area at b%t/ pipe en*s ,ill n%rmally
n%t be teste* Csee H;104- Eit/er t/e unteste* area %+ t/e pipe s/all be 'ut %++ %r t/e en*s subGe'te* t% manual %r
aut%mate* NDT t% t/e same e:tent as re2uire* +%r t/e +ull len(t/ %+ pipe
5*4 T/e met/%*s. sensiti)ity an* a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r testin( %+ unteste* en*s s/all be t/e same as use* +%r
retestin( %+ pipes /a)in( si(nals e2ual t% %r (reater t/an t/e t/res/%l* le)el +r%m t/e aut%mate* n%n-*estru'ti)e
testin( e2uipment-
5*8 T/e manu+a'turer s/all pri%r t% start %+ pr%*u'ti%n present +%r a''eptan'e t/e pr%p%se* e:tent. met/%*s.
sensiti)ity an* a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r testin( %+ unteste* en*s ,it/ re+eren'e t% appli'able pr%'e*ures-
H &** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing !+ (i(e en"s
General
&*) T/ese re2uirements apply t% b%t/ seamless an* ,el*e* pipe- Pipes n%t meetin( t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria
bel%, s/all be *eeme* as Ssuspe't pipeT a''%r*in( t% H"00 an* s/all be treate* a''%r*in( t% H#00-
Testing of pipe ends for laminar imperfections
&*4 !%t/ en*s %+ ea'/ pipe s/all be teste* +%r laminar imper+e'ti%ns in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 10FH#-F an* t/e
a**iti%nal re2uirements in H;00 %)er a ban* at least =0 mm insi*e t/e l%'ati%n %+ +uture ,el*in( preparati%ns
+%r (irt/ ,el*s-
&*8 I+ a**iti%nal n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( is spe'i+ie* by t/e pur'/aser. t/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e ban* s/%ul* be0
1 at least 1=0 mm insi*e t/e l%'ati%n %+ +uture ,el*in( preparati%ns +%r (irt/ ,el*s i+ aut%mate* ultras%ni'
testin( %+ (irt/ ,el*s *urin( installati%n ,ill be per+%rme*
1 at least 100 mm insi*e t/e l%'ati%n %+ +uture ,el*in( preparati%ns +%r (irt/ ,el*s i+ all%,an'e +%r re-
be)ellin( %+ pipe s/all be in'lu*e*-
&*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 a''%r*in( t% Table D-1" %r. i+ a(ree*. 3"0#
1 3#00 +%r 'la* pipe-
Testing of end face or bevel for laminar imperfections
&*# 6a(neti' parti'le testin( %r e**y 'urrent testin(. manual %r aut%mate*. %+ b%t/ en* +a'es %r be)els %+ ea'/
pipe in +err%ma(neti' steel +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e
re2uirements in H;00 an*0
1 ISO 10FH#-= +%r ma(neti' parti'le testin(
1 ISO 10FH#-" +%r e**y 'urrent testin(-
&*5 Bi2ui* penetrant %r e**y 'urrent testin(. manual %r aut%mate*. %+ t/e en* +a'e %r be)el %+ ea'/ pipe in
n%n-+err%ma(neti' steel +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e
re2uirements in H;00 an*0
1 ISO 10FH#-; +%r li2ui* penetrant testin(
1 ISO 10FH#-" +%r e**y 'urrent testin(-
&*& T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 Imper+e'ti%ns l%n(er t/an > mm in t/e 'ir'um+erential *ire'ti%n are n%t permitte*-
H 2** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing !+ sea$less (i(e
Pipe ends
2*) Pipe en*s s/all be teste* as re2uire* by H>00 an* <00-
3ltrasonic inspection for laminar imperfections in the pipe body
2*4 8ltras%ni' inspe'ti%n %+ t/e pipe b%*y s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00
an* ISO 10FH#-F amen*e* as +%ll%,s0
minimum all%,e* imper+e'ti%n siJe-
2*8 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 a''%r*in( t% Table D-1" %r. i+ a(ree*. 3"0#-
3ltrasonic inspection for longitudinal imperfections in the pipe body
an* ISO 10FH#-10- T/e pr%be an(les s/all be '/%sen t% %btain t/e best test result +%r t/e ,all t/i'&nessI*iameter
rati% %+ t/e pipe t% be teste*-
F%r pipes in RA materials it s/all be )eri+ie* t/at t/e presen'e %+ any p%ssible '%arse. anis%tr%pi' J%nes ,ill
n%t impe*e t/e testin(. see H;"; t/r%u(/ H;#1-
2*# T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 A''eptan'e le)el 8"I a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-10-
3ltrasonic inspection for transverse imperfections in the pipe body
an* ISO 10FH#-10- T/e pr%be an(les s/all be '/%sen t% %btain t/e best test result +%r t/e ,all t/i'&nessI*iameter
rati% %+ t/e pipe t% be teste*-
F%r pipes in RA materials it s/all be )eri+ie* t/at t/e presen'e %+ any p%ssible '%arse. anis%tr%pi' J%nes ,ill
n%t impe*e t/e testin(. see H;"; t/r%u(/ H;#1-
2*& T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 A''eptan'e le)el 8"I a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-10-
3ltrasonic thic.ness testing of the pipe body
2*2 8ltras%ni' t/i'&ness testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in
H;00 an* ISO 10FH#-1"-
2*: T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 T/e spe'i+ie* ma:imum an* minimum ,all t/i'&ness s/all be met-
Surface testing for longitudinal and transverse imperfections in the pipe body of ferromagnetic pipe
2)* Testin( %+ +err%ma(neti' seamless pipe +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse sur+a'e
imper+e'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* %ne %+ t/e +%ll%,in( stan*ar*s0
1 ISO 10FH#-" Ce**y 'urrent testin(4
1 ISO 10FH#-# C+lu: lea&a(e testin(4
1 ISO 10FH#-= Cma(neti' parti'le testin(4-
2)) F%r *ete'ti%n %+ internal in*i'ati%ns ISO 10FH#-" %r ISO 10FH#-# s/all be pre+erre* pr%)i*e* a*e2uate
si(nal amplitu*es +r%m t/e internal sur+a'e re+le't%r are *%'umente* an* use* +%r sensiti)ity settin(-
2)4 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 ISO 10FH#-"0 Alarm le)elIa''eptan'e le)el E"
1 ISO 10FH#-#0 Alarm le)elIa''eptan'e le)el F"
1 ISO 10FH#-=0 Alarm le)elIa''eptan'e le)el Table ". 6"-
Surface testing for longitudinal and transverse indications in pipe body of non(magnetic pipe
2)8 Testin( %+ n%n-ma(neti' seamless pipe +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse sur+a'e
imper+e'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* %ne %+ t/e +%ll%,in(
stan*ar*s0
1 ISO 10FH#-; Cli2ui* penetrant testin(4-
2)4 F%r *ete'ti%n %+ internal in*i'ati%ns ISO 10FH#-" s/all be pre+erre* pr%)i*e* a*e2uate si(nal amplitu*es
+r%m t/e internal sur+a'e re+le't%r are *%'umente* an* use* +%r sensiti)ity settin(-
2)# T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 ISO 10FH#-;0 Alarm le)elIa''eptan'e le)el P"-
Suspect pipe
2)5 Pipes n%t meetin( t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria ab%)e s/all be *eeme* as Ssuspe't pipeT a''%r*in( t% H"00
an* s/all be treate* a''%r*in( t% H#00-
H :** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing !+ HFW (i(e
Pipe ends
:*) Pipe en*s s/all be teste* as re2uire* by H>00 an* H<00
3ltrasonic testing of the pipe body for detection of laminar imperfections
:*4 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns nee* n%t be per+%rme* at t/e
pipe mill i+ testin( %+ t/e '%il e*(es ,as per+%rme* at t/e '%il mill a''%r*in( t% subse'ti%n 3-
:*8 I+ per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill. ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns
s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* ISO 10FH#-F amen*e* as +%ll%,s0
:*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria are0
3ltrasonic testing of the area adTacent to the weld seam for detection of laminar imperfections
:*# 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ t/e area a*Ga'ent t% t/e ,el* seam b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns s/all
be per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill i+ t/e strip is ma*e by splittin( %+ '%il- I+ t/e strip is n%t ma*e by splittin( %+ '%il
an* is teste* +%r laminar imper+e'ti%ns at t/e '%il mill a''%r*in( t% subse'ti%n 3. n% testin( +%r *ete'ti%n %+
laminar imper+e'ti%ns nee* t% be per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill
:*5 I+ per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill. t/e testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% t/e re2uirements in H;00 an*
ISO 10FH#-F-
:*& A''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 a''%r*in( t% Table D-1" %r. i+ a(ree* 3"0#-
3ltrasonic testing for longitudinal imperfections in the weld seam
:*2 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ t/e +ull len(t/ %+ t/e ,el* seam %+ HF@ pipe +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal
imper+e'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* ISO 10FH#-11 ,it/
m%*i+i'ati%ns as *es'ribe* in H0H t/r%u(/ H1F-
:*: A''urate ,el* tra'&in( ,it/ a t%leran'e [ " mm ,it/ respe't t% t/e 'entreline %+ t/e ,el* is essential *ue
t% t/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e ,el*-
:)* T/e re+eren'e stan*ar* s/all '%ntain a typi'al ,el*. ,it/ t/e e:ternal +las/ rem%)e* an* in'lu*in( tra'&s
resultin( +r%m rem%)al %+ t/e internal +las/-
T/e re+eren'e re+le't%rs s/all be0
1 e:ternal an* internal re+eren'e n%t'/es l%'ate* parallel t% an* in t/e 'entre %+ t/e ,el*- T/e n%t'/es s/all
be SNT type ,it/ a *ept/ %+ =L %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness n%t'/es ,it/ a *ept/ %+ minimum 0-# mm an*
ma:imum 1-" mm-
:)) One %r m%re %+ t/e +%ll%,in( pr%be '%n+i(urati%ns s/all be use*0
1 Sin(le pulse e'/% pr%bes s/all be sele'te* su'/ as t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e is as perpen*i'ular t% t/e ra*ial
'entreline %+ t/e ,el* as p%ssible-
1 Tan*em pr%bes %n ea'/ si*e %+ t/e ,el* ,it/ t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e as perpen*i'ular t% t/e ra*ial 'entreline
%+ t/e ,el* as p%ssible-
1 Pr%bes alternatin( as transmitter-re'ei)er ,it/ t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e as perpen*i'ular t% t/e ra*ial
'entreline %+ t/e ,el* as p%ssible-
T/e pr%be '%n+i(urati%n s/all pr%)i*e a su++i'ient number %+ pr%bes t% '%)er t/e entire ,all t/i'&ness +r%m b%t/
si*es %+ t/e ,el*-
:)4 T/e e2uipment s/all in'lu*e *e)i'es +%r ,el* tra'&in(I 'enterin( an* pr%)i*e '/e'&in( %+ a*e2uate
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age ''%
'%uplin( +%r all pr%bes-
:)8 Ea'/ pr%be s/all be 'alibrate* a(ainst t/e re+eren'e re+le't%r l%'ate* in t/e area %+ t/e ,el* t% be '%)ere*
by t/at pr%be-
:)4 F%r sin(le pulse e'/% pr%bes an* tan*em pr%bes t/e t/res/%l* settin(s s/all be as +%ll%,s0
1 I+ t/e testin( is per+%rme* ,it/ %ne pr%be pair '%)erin( t/e entire ,all t/i'&ness. t/e resp%nse +r%m t/e
interse'ti%ns bet,een t/e re+eren'e n%t'/es an* t/e e:ternal an* internal pipe sur+a'e s/all %ptimise* an*
t/e t/res/%l* le)el set at F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t %+ t/e l%,est %+ t/e %btaine* resp%nses-
1 I+ t/e testin( is per+%rme* ,it/ pr%be pairs ea'/ '%)erin( a part %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness. t/e t/res/%l* le)el
s/all be set at F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t-
:)# F%r pr%bes alternatin( as transmitter-re'ei)er t/e t/res/%l* le)el s/all be set '%rresp%n*in( t% a l%ss %+
<=L %+ t/e transmitte* si(nal-
:)5 F%r ea'/ pr%be. t/e +%ll%,in( s/all be re'%r*e*0
1 type. +re2uen'y. an(le an* *imensi%n
1 t/e *istan'e +r%m t/e in*e: p%int t% t/e ,el* 'entreline
1 t/e an(le bet,een t/e ultras%un* *ire'ti%n an* t/e maG%r pipe a:is-
1 amplitu*es an* (ain settin(s-
:)& 3ates s/all be set su'/ t/at re+le'ti%ns +r%m t/e tra'&s resultin( +r%m rem%)al %+ t/e internal +las/ are
a)%i*e* but su++i'iently ,i*e t% ensure t/at t/e t%leran'es in t/e ,el* tra'&in( system ,ill result in resp%nses
+r%m in*i'ati%ns insi*e t/e ,el* an* t/e HAU-
:)2 T/e settin(s +%r la'& %+ '%uplin( alarm s/all be set an* '/e'&e*-
:): T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 Pipes pr%*u'in( si(nals bel%, t/e t/res/%l* s/all be *eeme* t% /a)e passe* t/e test-
Plate/strip end welds
:4* Testin( %+ plateIstrip en* ,el*s C,/en su'/ ,el*s are all%,e*4 s/all. unless %t/er,ise a(ree* be
per+%rme* by ultras%ni' testin( a''%r*in( t% t/is stan*ar*- T/e testin( s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements %+
t/is stan*ar* an* met/%*s an* a set-up suitable +%r t/e applie* ,el*in( met/%* s/all be use*-
Suspect pipe
:4) Pipes n%t meetin( t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria ab%)e s/all be *eeme* as Ssuspe't pipeT a''%r*in( t% H"00
H )*** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing !+ CRA liner (i(e
)**) Testin( %+ RA pipe +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns an* t/e
l%n(itu*inal ,el* s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* ISO 10FH#-" Ce**y
'urrent testin(4-
1 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n +%r e**y 'urrent testin( is0
1 T/e resp%nse s/all n%t e:'ee* /al+ t/e resp%nse %+ alarm le)elIa''eptan'e le)el E" a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-"-
)**4 Testin( %+ t/e ,el* seam 'an alternati)ely be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00
an* ISO 10FH#-> Cra*i%(rap/i' testin(4- Di(ital ra*i%(rap/y testin(. i+ appli'able. s/all be per+%rme* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 10FH#-<. 'lass !-
)**8 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r ra*i%(rap/i' testin( are0
1 N% 'ra'&s. la'& %+ +usi%n. la'& %+ penetrati%n %r p%re 'lusters- In*i)i*ual 'ir'ular imper+e'ti%ns s/all n%t
e:'ee* 1-= mm %r i t. ,/i'/e)er is smaller- A''umulate* *iameters %+ permitte* imper+e'ti%ns s/all n%t
e:'ee* # mm %r e t. ,/i'/e)er is smaller- N% %t/er *is'ernable in*i'ati%ns are all%,e*-
3ntested pipe ends
)**4 8nteste* pipe en*s s/all be teste* as re2uire* by H>00-
Suspect pipe
)**# Pipes n%t meetin( t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria ab%)e s/all be *eeme* as Ssuspe't pipeT a''%r*in( t% H"00
H ))** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing !+ line" (i(e
4on(destructive testing of the bac.ing pipe
))*) N%n-*estru'ti)e testin( %+ t/e %uter -6n steel ba'&in( pipe s/all be per+%rme* pri%r t% inserti%n %+
t/e RA liner pipe- T/e ba'&in( pipe s/all be subGe'te* t% t/e same testin( ,it/ t/e same a''eptan'e 'riteria
t/at are re2uire* in t/is Appen*i: +%r t/e type %+ ba'&in( pipe use*-
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age ''$
Pipe ends
))*4 A+ter inserti%n %+ t/e liner pipe an* per+%rmin( seal an*I%r 'la* ,el*in( t/e en*s %+ line* pipe s/all be
teste* +%r laminar imper+e'ti%ns in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* ISO 10FH#-F %r AST6 A=<F
S< in a ban* at ea'/ pipe en*- F%r 'la* ,el*e* pipe en*s t/is in'lu*es testin( +%r b%n*in( *e+e'ts- T/e ban*
s/all be su++i'iently ,i*e t% '%)er t/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e sealI'la* ,el* bet,een t/e -6n steel ba'&in( pipe an* t/e
RA liner pipe- 6anual %r aut%mate* met/%*s may be use*-
))*8 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 N% in*i'ati%ns are all%,e* ,it/in t/e teste* areas-
Seal and clad welds
))*4 T/e seal an*I%r 'la* ,el*s at pipe en*s s/all be subGe't t% manual li2ui* penetrant testin( a''%r*in( t%
!>00 %r e**y 'urrent testin( a''%r*in( t% !<00-
))*# T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 N% r%un* in*i'ati%ns ,it/ *iameter ab%)e 1 mm an* n% el%n(ate* in*i'ati%ns-
1 In*i'ati%ns separate* by a *istan'e less t/an t/e *iameter %r len(t/ %+ t/e smallest in*i'ati%n. s/all be
'%nsi*ere* as %ne in*i'ati%n-
1 A''umulate* *iameters %+ r%un* in*i'ati%ns in any 100 mm len(t/ %+ ,el* s/all n%t e:'ee* > mm-
H )4** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing !+ cla" (i(e
Pipe ends
)4*) Pipe en*s s/all be teste* as re2uire* by H>00 an* H<00-
)4*4 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns in t/e ba'&in( pipe nee* n%t
be per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill i+ testin( %+ t/e plate ,as per+%rme* at t/e plate mill a''%r*in( t% subse'ti%n 3-
)4*8 I+ per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill. ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns
1 T/e *istan'e bet,een a*Ga'ent s'annin( tra'&s s/all be su++i'iently small t% ensure *ete'ti%n %+ t/e
)4*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria are0
)4*# 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ la'& %+ b%n* bet,een t/e 'la**in( an* ba'&in( pipe
s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* AST6 =<F S< amen*e* as +%ll%,s0
1 T/e *istan'e bet,een a*Ga'ent s'annin( tra'&s s/all be su++i'iently small t% ensure *ete'ti%n %+ t/e
)4*5 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 AST6 A=<F - S<- In a**iti%n. n% areas ,it/ laminati%ns %r la'& %+ b%n* are all%,e* in t/e plate e*(e areas-
3ltrasonic testing for longitudinal and transverse imperfections in the weld seam
)4*& F%r ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e RA part %+ t/e ,el* seam it must be *em%nstrate* t/at l%, +re2uen'y
s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes are a*e2uate +%r *ete'ti%n as re2uire* in H;"; t/r%u(/ H;#1- I+ it is n%t p%ssible t%
*em%nstrate a*e2uate per+%rman'e %+ l%, +re2uen'y s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes %t/er met/%*s %r '%mbinati%n
%+ met/%*s s/all use* an* t/e a*e2ua'y %+ t/e met/%*%l%(y *em%nstrate*-
8ltras%ni' testin( %+ t/e ,el* seam %+ 'la* pipe +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns.
,/en *em%nstrate* t% (i)e a''eptable results. s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* ISO
10FH#-11 ,it/ m%*i+i'ati%ns as *es'ribe* in 1"0F t/r%u(/ 1"1H-
)4*2 T/e re+eren'e stan*ar* s/all '%ntain a typi'al pr%*u'ti%n ,el*- T/e ,el* sur+a'e s/all be (r%un* +lus/
,it/ t/e %ri(inal pipe '%nt%ur in an area ar%un* ea'/ re+eren'e re+le't%r su++i'ient t% %btain si(nals ,it/%ut
inter+eren'e +r%m un-(r%un* ,el* rein+%r'ements-
)4*: T/e re+eren'e re+le't%rs s/all be0
1 One 1-> mm *iameter t/r%u(/-*rille* /%le at t/e ,el* 'entreline +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse in*i'ati%ns-
1 B%n(itu*inal e:ternal an* internal n%t'/es %n b%t/ si*es. parallel an* a*Ga'ent t% t/e ,el* seam +%r
*ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns %utsi*e t/e r%%t area- T/e n%t'/ s/all be t/e SNT type ,it/ =L %+
t/e ,all t/i'&ness. but n%t m%re t/an 1-= mm %r less t/an 0-# mm-
1 One n%t'/ %n ea'/ si*e %+ t/e internal ,el* 'ap l%'ate* imme*iately a*Ga'ent t% an* parallel ,it/ t/e ,el*
+%r *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns in t/e r%%t area- T/e n%t'/ s/all be t/e SNT type ,it/ #L %+ t/e
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age ''&
,all t/i'&ness. but n%t m%re t/an 1-" mm %r less t/an 0-# mm-
1 I+ a(ree*. t/e re+eren'e re+le't%rs +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns 'an be internal an* e:ternal
n%t'/es. SNT type ,it/ #L %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness. p%siti%ne* at ri(/t an(les t%. an* 'entre* %)er. t/e ,el*
seam-
1 A**iti%nal re+le't%rs may be use* t% *e+ine t/e ,el* e:tremities an* ai*in( in t/e (ate settin(s- T/e use.
type an* numbers %+ su'/ re+le't%rs s/all be at t/e manu+a'turerNs %pti%n-
T/e len(t/ %+ t/e n%t'/es s/all be 1-= times t/e pr%be C'rystal4 element siJe %r "0 mm. ,/i'/e)er is s/%rter-
T/e len(t/ *%es n%t in'lu*e any r%un*e* '%rners- T/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e n%t'/es s/all n%t e:'ee* 1 mm-
)4)* T/e pr%be an(les s/all be '/%sen t% %btain t/e best p%ssible test result +%r ,all t/i'&ness an* *iameter
%+ t/e pipe t% be teste*- T/e pr%be an(le s/all be '/%sen su'/ t/at t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e is as perpen*i'ular as
p%ssible t% t/e ,el* be)el in t/e area '%)ere* by t/e pr%be-
)4)) T/e +re2uen'y %+ t/e pr%bes use* in t/e r%%t area s/all be as l%, as p%ssible an* n%t ab%)e " 6HJ-
)4)4 T/e pr%be '%n+i(urati%n +%r *ete'ti%n %+ t/e l%n(itu*inal in*i'ati%ns s/all pr%)i*e a su++i'ient number
%+ %pp%sin( pr%be pairs t% '%)er t/e entire ,all t/i'&ness- E-(- %ne pair %+ pr%bes +%r t/e e:ternal an* internal
N= n%t'/es an* %ne pair +%r t/e internal N# n%t'/es in t/e r%%t area-
)4)8 T/e pr%be '%n+i(urati%n +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse in*i'ati%ns s/all be t,% ,i*e beam. %pp%sin(
pr%bes tra)ellin( S%n bea*T- An P type '%n+i(urati%n %+ t/e pr%bes +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse in*i'ati%ns may
be use*. subGe't t% a(reement-
)4)4 T/e (ates s/all be set ,i*e en%u(/ t% '%mpensate +%r0
1 T/e t%leran'es %+ ,el* tra'&in( system
1 Variati%ns in t/e ,i*t/ %+ e:ternal an* internal 'aps
1 O++sets bet,een t/e e:ternal an* internal ,el* bea*-
)4)# Ea'/ pr%be s/all be 'alibrate* a(ainst t/e re+eren'e re+le't%r l%'ate* in t/e area %+ t/e ,el* t% be
'%)ere* by t/at pr%be- T/e resp%nse +r%m t/e re+eren'e re+le't%rs s/all be %ptimise* +%r ea'/ pr%be an* pr%be
pair0
1 F%r *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns in t/e r%%t area t/e %ptimise* resp%nse +%r ea'/ pr%be s/all be
%btaine* +r%m t/e internal n%t'/ %n t/e %pp%site si*e %+ t/e ,el*- T/e t/res/%l* le)el +%r ea'/ %+ t/e internal
n%t'/es s/all be set n% /i(/er t/an =0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t +r%m t/e ma:imise* resp%nse-
1 F%r *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns %utsi*e t/e r%%t area t/e resp%nse +r%m t/e e:ternal an* internal
n%t'/es s/all %ptimise* an* t/e t/res/%l* le)el set t% F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t +%r ea'/ %+ t/e ma:imise*
resp%nses-
1 F%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns t/e t/res/%l* le)el +%r t/e 1-> mm t/r%u(/ *rille* /%le %r
trans)erse n%t'/es s/all be set n% /i(/er t/an F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t-
1 I+ t/e use %+ trans)erse n%t'/es is a(ree* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse in*i'ati%ns. t/e resp%nse +r%m t/e
e:ternal an* internal n%t'/es s/all %ptimise* an* t/e t/res/%l* le)el set t% F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t +%r
ea'/ %+ t/e ma:imise* resp%nses-
1 T/e a**iti%nal re+le't%rs all%,e* in 1"0H s/all n%t be use* +%r t/res/%l* settin(s-
)4)5 F%r ea'/ pr%be. t/e +%ll%,in( s/all be re'%r*e*0
1 t/e an(le bet,een t/e ultras%un* *ire'ti%n an* t/e maG%r pipe a:is
)4)& 3ates s/all be set su'/ t/at re+le'ti%ns +r%m t/e ,el* 'aps are a)%i*e* but su++i'iently ,i*e t% ensure
t/at. ,it/ t/e (i)en t%leran'es %+ t/e ,el* tra'&in( system. resp%nses are %btaine* +r%m in*i'ati%ns l%'ate*
insi*e t/e ,el* an* t/e HAU-
)4)2 T/e settin(s +%r la'& %+ '%uplin( alarm s/all be set an* '/e'&e*-
)4): T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n ,/en usin( s/ear ,a)e pr%bes is0
1 Pipes pr%*u'in( si(nals bel%, t/e t/res/%l* s/all be *eeme* t% /a)e passe* t/e test-
@/en '%mpressi%n ,a)e an(le pr%bes are use*. %t/er types %+ re+le't%rs s/all be use* an* t/e a''eptan'e
'riteria s/all be spe'i+ie* an* a(ree* a''%r*in(ly-
)44* 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ t/e area a*Ga'ent t% t/e ,el* seam b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns
nee* n%t be per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill i+ testin( %+ t/e plate e*(es ,as per+%rme* at t/e plate mill a''%r*in( t%
subse'ti%n 3-
)44) I+ per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill. t/e testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% t/e re2uirements in H;00 an*
ISO 10FH#-F-
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age '''
)444 A''eptan'e 'riteria are0
Testing for the detection of surface imperfections in the weld area
)448 Testin( +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns in t/e ,el* area s/all be
per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* %ne %+ t/e +%ll%,in( stan*ar*s0
)444 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 ISO 10FH#-=0 Alarm le)elIa''eptan'e le)el Table #. 6"-
Radiographic testing of welds
)44# Full len(t/ ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ t/e ,el* s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in
H;00 an* ISO 10FH#->-
)445 F%r pipe subGe't t% +ull len(t/ ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e ,el*. ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ t/e ,el* at ea'/
pipe en* s/all in'lu*e t/e area n%t '%)ere* by t/e aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( an* s/all at least '%)er a ,el*
len(t/ %+ #00 mm- T/e testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* ISO 10FH#-
>- F%r *i(ital ra*i%(rap/i' systems. re+eren'e is ma*e t% 'lause H;##-
)44& T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-> %r ISO 10FH#-<-
Suspect pipe
)442 Pipes n%t meetin( t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria ab%)e s/all be *eeme* as Ssuspe't pipeT a''%r*in( t% H"00
H )8** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing !+ SAW an" SAWH (i(e
Pipe ends
)8*) Pipe en*s s/all be teste* as re2uire* by H>00 an* H<00-
)8*4 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns nee* n%t be per+%rme* at t/e
pipe mill i+ testin( %+ t/e plateI'%il e*(es ,as per+%rme* at t/e plateI'%il mill a''%r*in( t% subse'ti%n 3-
)8*8 I+ per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill. ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns
)8*4 A''eptan'e 'riteria are0
)8*# 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ t/e area a*Ga'ent t% t/e ,el* seam b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns
nee* n%t be per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill i+ testin( %+ t/e plateI'%il e*(es ,as per+%rme* at t/e plateI'%il mill
a''%r*in( t% subse'ti%n 3-
)8*5 I+ per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill. t/e testin( s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% t/e re2uirements in H;00 an*
ISO 10FH#-F-
)8*& A''eptan'e 'riteria are0
3ltrasonic testing for longitudinal and transverse imperfections in the weld seam
)8*2 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ t/e ,el* seam %+ SA@ pipe +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse
imper+e'ti%ns s/all be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* ISO 10FH#-11 ,it/ m%*i+i'ati%ns as
(i)en in 1#0H t/r%u(/ 1#"0-
T/e e2uipment s/all all%, +%r t/e '%mplete e:aminati%n %+ t/e ,el* an* its a*Ga'ent area +%r b%t/ l%n(itu*inal
*pp.D Non"Destructive Testing :NDT< - 0age ''1
an* trans)erse *e+e'ts- T/e e2uipment s/all be +itte* ,it/ an aut%mati' paint spray system C%r alternati)e
system. e-(- re'%r*in(4 +%r mar&in( t/e areas (i)in( ultras%ni' in*i'ati%ns an* areas ,/ere a l%ss %+ ultras%ni'
'%uplin( ,it/ t/e pipe /as %''urre*-
T% )eri+y t/at n% *e+e'ts %ri(inatin( +r%m /y*r%(en is present. a minimum %+ "L %+ t/e pipes s/all be e:amine*
by an %ptimiJe* manual 8T pr%'e*ure +%r 'ra'&s- T/is in)esti(ati%n s/all be *%ne minimum ;F /%urs a+ter
,el*in(- I+ pipe '%ntains su'/ *e+e'ts all pipes pr%*u'e* pri%r t% t/is pipe an* t/e last teste* s/all be
2uarantine*-
)8*: T/e re+eren'e stan*ar* s/all '%ntain a typi'al pr%*u'ti%n ,el*- T/e ,el* sur+a'e s/all be (r%un* +lus/
,it/ t/e %ri(inal pipe '%nt%ur in an area ar%un* re+eren'e re+le't%rs use* +%r settin( inspe'ti%n sensiti)ity +%r
t/e inspe'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns in %r*er t% %btain si(nals ,it/%ut inter+eren'e +r%m un-(r%un*
,el* rein+%r'ements- T/e ,el* sur+a'e s/all stay un(r%un* in t/e area %+ re+eren'e re+le't%r +%r settin(
sensiti)ity %n +%r t/e inspe'ti%n %+ trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns-
)8)* T/e re+eren'e re+le't%rs s/all be0
1 One 1-> mm *iameter t/r%u(/ *rille* /%le at t/e ,el* 'entreline +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse in*i'ati%ns
1 B%n(itu*inal e:ternal an* internal n%t'/es %n b%t/ si*es. parallel an* a*Ga'ent t% t/e ,el* seam +%r
*ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns- T/e n%t'/ s/all be t/e SNT type ,it/ =L %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness. but
n%t m%re t/an 1-= mm %r less t/an 0-# mm- T/e len(t/ %+ t/e n%t'/es s/all be 1-= times t/e pr%be C'rystal4
element siJe %r "0 mm. ,/i'/e)er is s/%rter- T/e len(t/ *%es n%t in'lu*e any r%un*e* '%rners- T/e ,i*t/
%+ t/e n%t'/es s/all n%t e:'ee* 1 mm-
1 F%r ,all t/i'&ness 1H mm a l%n(itu*inal re+eren'e re+le't%r. e-(- a si*e-*rille* /%le. s/all be l%'ate* at
mi* t/i'&ness %+ t/e ,el* an* parallel t% t/e ,el*- T/is re+le't%r s/all pr%)i*e a return si(nal '%mparable
t% t/at +r%m a N= n%t'/- T/e 6anu+a'turer s/all pr%p%se a type %+ re+le't%r suitable +%r t/e purp%se. an*
t/e type %+ re+le't%r use* is subGe't t% a(reement-
1 I+ a(ree*. t/e re+eren'e re+le't%rs +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns 'an be internal an* e:ternal
n%t'/es. p%siti%ne* at ri(/t an(les t%. an* 'entre* %)er. t/e ,el* seam-
1 A**iti%nal re+le't%rs may be use* t% *e+ine t/e ,el* e:tremities an* ai*in( in t/e (ate settin(s- T/e use.
type an* numbers %+ su'/ re+le't%rs s/all be at t/e manu+a'turerNs %pti%n an* s/all be *es'ribe* in t/e
*%'umente* pr%'e*ure-
)8)) T/e inspe'ti%n an(les s/all be '/%sen t% %btain t/e best p%ssible test result +%r ,all t/i'&ness an*
*iameter %+ t/e pipe t% be teste*- T/e inspe'ti%n an(le s/%ul* be '/%sen su'/ t/at t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e is as
perpen*i'ular as p%ssible t% t/e ,el* be)el in t/e area '%)ere* by t/e pr%be-
)8)4 T/e pr%be '%n+i(urati%n +%r *ete'ti%n %+ t/e l%n(itu*inal in*i'ati%ns s/all pr%)i*e a su++i'ient number
%+ %pp%sin( pr%be pairs %r +%'al la,s t% '%)er t/e entire ,all t/i'&ness- Ea'/ re+eren'e re+le't%r s/all /a)e a
*e*i'ate* pr%be pairI+%'al la,-
)8)8 T/e pr%be '%n+i(urati%n +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse in*i'ati%ns s/all be t,% ,i*e beam. %pp%sin(
pr%bes tra)ellin( S%n bea*T- An P type '%n+i(urati%n %+ t/e pr%bes +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse in*i'ati%ns may
be use* instea* %+ ,i*e beam pr%bes S%n bea*T. subGe't t% a(reement-
)8)4 Ea'/ pr%be %r +%'al la, s/all be 'alibrate* a(ainst t/e re+eren'e re+le't%r l%'ate* in t/e area %+ t/e ,el*
t% be '%)ere* by t/at pr%be- T/e resp%nse +r%m t/e re+eren'e re+le't%rs s/all be %ptimise* +%r ea'/ pr%be an*
pr%be pair0
1 F%r *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns t/e %ptimise* resp%nse +r%m t/e l%n(itu*inal e:ternal an*
internal n%t'/es s/all be set t% F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t +%r ea'/ %+ t/e %btaine* resp%nses- T/e reGe'ti%n
t/res/%l* s/all be set t% n% /i(/er t/an F0L +ull s'reen /ei(/t-
1 I+ a separate re+le't%r is p%siti%ne* at mi* t/i'&ness. +%r instan'e a si*e *rille* /%le. t/e %ptimise* resp%nse
+r%m t/is re+le't%r s/all be set t% F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t +%r ea'/ %+ t/e %btaine* resp%nses- T/e reGe'ti%n
t/res/%l* s/all be set t% n% /i(/er t/an F0L +ull s'reen /ei(/t-
1 F%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns t/e %ptimise* resp%nse +r%m t/e 1-> mm t/r%u(/ *rille* /%le %r
trans)erse n%t'/es s/all be set n% /i(/er t/an F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t- T/e reGe'ti%n t/res/%l* s/all be set
t% n% /i(/er t/an F0L +ull s'reen /ei(/t-
1 I+ t/e use %+ trans)erse n%t'/es is a(ree* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns. t/e resp%nse +r%m t/e
trans)erse e:ternal an* internal n%t'/es s/all be %ptimise* an* set t% F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t +%r ea'/ %+
t/e %btaine* resp%nses- T/e reGe'ti%n t/res/%l* s/all be set t% n% /i(/er t/an F0L +ull s'reen /ei(/t-
1 T/e a**iti%nal re+le't%rs all%,e* in 1#10 s/all n%t be use* +%r t/res/%l* settin(s-
F%r ea'/ pr%be %r +%'al la,. t/e +%ll%,in( s/all be re'%r*e*0
1 t/e an(le bet,een t/e ultras%un* *ire'ti%n an* t/e maG%r pipe a:is
T/e +%ll%,in( parameters s/all be rep%rte* an* a print %ut s/all be ma*e a)ailable at t/e A8T stati%n0
1 A '%mpre/ensi)e *etaile* list %+ pr%besI'/annels. l%n(itu*inalItrans)erse. IDIODI6i*. +la, *ete'ti%nI
'%uplin(-
1 A matri: s/%,in( all '/annels in'lu*in( '%uplin( '/annels. ,it/ resp%nse +r%m t/e *i++erent re+le't%rs
in'lu*in( 'alibrati%n re+le't%rs s/all be ma*e ,it/ *! le)els. (ain. si(nal /ei(/t. tri((er t/res/%l*- T/e
table S'/annelsIre+le't%rs CIR4T. s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e A8T pr%'e*ureI,%r&in( instru'ti%ns an*
submitte* t% O6PANR +%r appr%)al-
1 Date. time. %perat%r name an* si(nature. inspe't%r name an* si(nature-
)8)# T/e (ates s/all be set ,i*e en%u(/ t% '%mpensate +%r0
1 t/e t%leran'es %+ ,el* tra'&in( system
1 )ariati%ns in t/e ,i*t/ %+ e:ternal an* internal 'aps
1 %++sets bet,een t/e e:ternal an* internal ,el* bea*-
)8)5 T/e settin(s +%r la'& %+ '%uplin( alarm s/all be set an* '/e'&e*-
)8)& @/en t/e settin(s are %ptimise*. t/e rele)ant parameters s/all be re'%r*e* an* t/e re+eren'e stan*ar*
s/all be passe* # times t/r%u(/ t/e e2uipment at t/e %perati%nal )el%'ity- Any '/an(e in settin(s re2uire* t%
maintain t/e stati' m%*e settin(s s/all be re'%r*e* as an a)era(e %+ t/e # runs- F%r a''eptan'e %+ t/e settin(s.
t/e *e)iati%n in resp%nse +r%m ea'/ 'alibrati%n re+le't%r s/all n%t be m%re t/an # *! +r%m t/e primary re+eren'e
le)el CF0L FSH4- 3ate settin(s s/all n%t *e)iate m%re t/an "-= mm +r%m t/e re+eren'e p%siti%n-
One *ynami' 'alibrati%n )eri+i'ati%n s'an %+ t/e re+eren'e stan*ar* s/all be 'arrie* %ut at t/e start %+ ea'/ s/i+t.
,/ene)er t/ere is an e2uipment '/an(e %)er. ,/ene)er t/ere is an %perat%r '/an(e. a+ter e)ery 10 pipe teste*
%r e)ery ; /%urs. ,/i'/e)er is t/e +irst e)ent met-
)8)2 T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
Pipes pr%*u'in( si(nals bel%, t/e reGe'ti%n t/res/%l* s/all be *eeme* t% /a)e passe* t/e test-
)dditional re*uirements for S)61 pipe strip/plate end welds
)8): F%r SA@H pipe t/e +ull len(t/ %+ stripIplate en* ,el*s C,/en su'/ ,el*s are all%,e*4 s/all be
ultras%ni'ally teste* as re2uire* ab%)e +%r t/e /eli'al seam- Alternati)ely manual ultras%ni' testin( in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ Subse'ti%n H1;00 may be use* +%r testin( %+ test stripIplate en* ,el*s-
In a**iti%n. t/e G%ints ,/ere t/e e:tremities %+ t/e /eli'al an* stripIplate en* ,el*s meet s/all be subGe't t%
ra*i%(rap/i' testin( in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* ISO ISO 10FH#->- F%r use %+ *i(ital
ra*i%(rap/i' e2uipment. re+eren'e is ma*e t% 'lause H;##-
)84* A''eptan'e 'riteria +%r t/ese tests are0
1 F%r aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin(0 a''%r*in( t% H1#1H ab%)e
1 F%r manual ultras%ni' testin(0 a''%r*in( t% H1;00
1 F%r ra*i%(rap/i' testin(0 A''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#->-
)dditional re*uirements for testing of S)6 %R) pipes and welds with %R) weld deposits
)84) 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ ,el*s in RA materials ,it/ RA C*uple:. %t/er stainless steels an* ni'&el all%y
steel4 ,el* *ep%sits ,ill. in %r*er t% a'/ie)e an a*e2uate *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns. n%rmally re2uire t/at
spe'ial re+eren'e bl%'&s an* pr%bes are use*-
)844 T/e re2uirements (i)en in H;"; t/r%u(/ H;#1 s/all be +ul+ille* an* spe'ial re+eren'e is ma*e t% H;#0
an* H;#1-
)848 @/en '%mpressi%n ,a)e an(le pr%bes are use*. %t/er types %+ re+le't%rs s/all be use* an* t/e
a''eptan'e 'riteria spe'i+ie* a''%r*in(ly-
Testing of ferromagnetic pipe for the detection of surface imperfections in the weld area
)844 Testin( %+ +err%ma(neti' pipe +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns
s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* %ne %+ t/e +%ll%,in( stan*ar*s0
T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 ISO 10FH#-=0 Alarm le)elIa''eptan'e le)el Table #. 6"-
Testing of non magnetic pipe for the detection of surface imperfections in the weld area
)84# Testin( %+ n%n-ma(neti' SA@ pipe +%r t/e *ete'ti%n %+ l%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse sur+a'e
imper+e'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* %ne %+ t/e +%ll%,in(
stan*ar*s0
1 ISO 10FH#-; Cli2ui* penetrant testin(4-
1 ISO 10FH#-"0 A''eptan'e le)el E"
1 ISO 10FH#-;0 A''eptan'e le)el P"-
Radiographic testing
)845 Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( %+ t/e ,el* at ea'/ pipe en* s/all in'lu*e t/e area n%t '%)ere* by t/e aut%mate*
ultras%ni' testin( an* s/all at least '%)er a ,el* len(t/ %+ #00 mm- T/e testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e
,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* ISO 10FH#->-
1 a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#->-
Suspect pipe
)84& Pipes n%t meetin( t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria ab%)e s/all be *eeme* as Ssuspe't pipeT a''%r*in( t% H"00
H )4** Man'al NDT a% (i(e $ills
General
)4*) In all 'ases ,/en t/e aut%mate* NDT system (i)e si(nals e2ual t% %r (reater t/an t/e t/res/%l* le)el.
%r sur+a'e imper+e'ti%ns are *is'l%se* by )isual e:aminati%n. manual NDT may be per+%rme* in %r*er t%
'%n+irm t/e presen'e %r absen'e %+ a *e+e't- Aut%mate* %r semi-aut%mate* NDT may be use* as substituti%n
%+ t/e manual NDT re2uire* in H1;00 pr%)i*e* t/e met/%* is *em%nstrate* t% pr%)i*e t/e same %r better
sensiti)ity in *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns-
)4*4 In a**iti%n. manual NDT may be per+%rme* %n pipe en*s t/at are n%t teste* by t/e aut%mate*
e2uipment- See H>00-
)4*8 T/e re2uirements in H1;00 are %nly appli'able t% manual NDT per+%rme* at pipe mills %nly-
Radiographic testing
)4*4 Ra*i%(rap/i' testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H;00 an* ISO 10FH#-
> t% '%)er t/e +ull ,el* len(t/ %r t% supplement %t/er NDT met/%*s ,/en t/e type %+ %r se)erity %+ an
in*i'ati%n in ,el* 'an n%t be *etermine* ,it/ 'ertainty-
1 a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#->-
)ll pipe7 manual ultrasonic testing for laminar imperfections and thic.ness testing
)4*# 6anual ultras%ni' t/i'&ness testin( an* testin( +%r laminar imper+e'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* %n
unteste* pipe en*s an* t% '%n+irm t/e presen'e %r absen'e %+ a *e+e't ,/en aut%mate* NDT systems (i)es
si(nals e2ual t% %r (reater t/an t/e t/res/%l* le)el-
$anual ultrasonic testing of pipe ends+ laminar imperfections
)4*5 Any a**iti%nal n%n-*estru'ti)e testin( s/all be as spe'i+ie* by t/e pur'/aser-
)4*& I+ aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( %+ (irt/ ,el*s *urin( installati%n ,ill be per+%rme* t/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e ban*
s/%ul* e:ten* at least 1=0 mm insi*e t/e l%'ati%n %+ +uture ,el*in( preparati%ns +%r (irt/ ,el*s-
)4*2 I+ all%,an'e +%r re-be)ellin( %+ pipe s/all be in'lu*e*. t/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e ban* s/%ul* e:ten* at least 100
mm insi*e t/e l%'ati%n %+ +uture ,el*in( preparati%ns +%r (irt/ ,el*s-
)4*: A''eptan'e 'riteria are0
$anual ultrasonic testing of pipe ends+ radial crac.s
)4)* F%r *ete'ti%n %+ 'ra'&s an(le pr%bes s/all be use* t% supplement t/e strai(/t beam pr%bes- Testin( s/all
be in (eneral a''%r*an'e ,it/ AST6 A=<< %r e2ui)alent stan*ar* an*0
1 Pr%bes s/all meet t/e re2uirements %+ "0#-
1 Sensiti)ity +%r -6n steel s/all be a DA 'ur)e base* %n re+eren'e bl%'&s ,it/ a re'tan(ular n%t'/ ,it/
*ept/ #L %+ t/e material t/i'&ness %n b%t/ si*es-
1 Re+eren'e bl%'&s +%r *uple: stainless steel an* austeniti' steels s/all /a)e %ne g # mm +lat b%tt%m /%le
perpen*i'ular t% t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e %+ t/e pr%be an* at t/e lar(est p%ssible *ept/ +r%m t/e s'annin(
sur+a'e %+ t/e bl%'&- Re+eren'e bl%'&s s/all be %+ t/e a'tual material teste* %r %+ a material ,it/ similar
,it/ a'%usti' pr%perties-
1 B%, +re2uen'y s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes may be use* +%r RA material instea* %+ t,in 'rystal CtransmitterI
re'ei)er4 '%mpressi%n-,a)e pr%bes- F%r a''eptan'e. it s/all be )eri+ie* %n t/e re+eren'e bl%'&s t/at it is
p%ssible t% %btain a DA ,it/ a s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%be t/at is '%mparable t% t/e DA %btaine* ,it/ an
an(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%be-
)4)) T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 n% in*i'ati%ns s/all e:'ee* t/e DA-
$anual ultrasonic testing of the pipe body for detection of laminar imperfections
)4)4 6anual ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar imper+e'ti%ns nee* n%t be per+%rme*
at t/e pipe mill i+ testin( %+ t/e plateI'%il e*(es ,as per+%rme* at t/e plateI'%il mill a''%r*in( t% subse'ti%n 3-
)4)8 I+ per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill. manual ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar
imper+e'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ISO 10FH#-F. App-A amen*e* as +%ll%,s0
)4)4 A''eptan'e 'riteria are0
$anual ultrasonic testing of the area adTacent to the weld seam for detection of laminar imperfections
)4)# 6anual ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e area a*Ga'ent t% t/e ,el* seam b%*y +%r *ete'ti%n %+ laminar
imper+e'ti%ns nee* n%t be per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill i+ testin( %+ t/e plateI'%il e*(es ,as per+%rme* at t/e plateI
'%il mill a''%r*in( t% Subse'ti%n 3-
)4)5 I+ per+%rme* at t/e pipe mill. t/e manual NDT s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-F. App-A-
)4)& A''eptan'e 'riteria are0
$anual ultrasonic thic.ness testing of the pipe body
)4)2 6anual ultras%ni' t/i'&ness testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements
ISO 10FH#-1"-
)4): T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 t/e spe'i+ie* ma:imum an* minimum ,all t/i'&ness s/all be met-
Seamless pipe7 manual ultrasonic testing for longitudinal and transverse imperfections
)44* 6anual ultras%ni' testin( an* testin( %+ seamless pipe +%r l%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns
s/all per+%rme* %n unteste* pipe en*s an* t% '%n+irm t/e presen'e %r absen'e %+ a *e+e't ,/en aut%mate* NDT
systems (i)es si(nals e2ual t% %r (reater t/an t/e t/res/%l* le)el-
)44) F%r pipes in RA materials it s/all be )eri+ie* t/at t/e presen'e %+ any p%ssible '%arse. anis%tr%pi'
J%nes ,ill n%t impe*e t/e testin(. see H;"; t/r%u(/ H;#1-
)444 6anual ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r l%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO 10FH#-10- T/e pr%be an(les s/all be '/%sen t% %btain t/e best test result +%r t/e ,all
t/i'&nessI*iameter rati% %+ t/e pipe t% be teste*-
T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 a''eptan'e le)el 8"I a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-10-
)448 6anual ultras%ni' inspe'ti%n %+ t/e pipe b%*y +%r trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in ISO 10FH#-10- T/e pr%be an(les s/all be '/%sen t% %btain t/e best test
result +%r t/e ,all t/i'&nessI*iameter rati% %+ t/e pipe t% be teste*-
T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 a''eptan'e le)el 8"I a''%r*in( t% ISO 10FH#-10-
6elded pipe7 manual ultrasonic testing of welds
)444 6anual ultras%ni' testin( an* testin( %+ ,el*s in ,el*e* pipe +%r l%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse
imper+e'ti%ns s/all be per+%rme* %n unteste* pipe en*s an* t% '%n+irm t/e presen'e %r absen'e %+ a *e+e't ,/en
aut%mate* NDT systems (i)es si(nals e2ual t% %r (reater t/an t/e t/res/%l* le)el-
)44# 6anual ultras%ni' testin( %+ ,el*s in -6n steel material ,it/ -6n steel ,el* *ep%sits s/all be
per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !#00 e:'ept t/at !#1;. !#1<. !#"1. !#"" an* !##F s/all n%t apply-
$anual ultrasonic testing of welds in 1&6 pipe
)445 T/e re+eren'e bl%'& s/all be a''%r*in( t% HH10-
)44& One %r m%re %+ t/e +%ll%,in( pr%be '%n+i(urati%ns s/all be use*0
1 Sin(le pulse e'/% pr%bes ,it/ t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e as perpen*i'ular t% t/e ra*ial 'entreline %+ t/e ,el*
as p%ssible-
1 Tan*em pr%bes ,it/ t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e as perpen*i'ular t% t/e ra*ial 'entreline %+ t/e ,el* as p%ssible-
)442 T/e pr%be an(le +%r t/e initial s'annin( s/all be '/%sen t% %btain t/e best p%ssible test result +%r ,all
t/i'&ness an* *iameter %+ t/e pipe t% be teste* an* su'/ t/at t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e is as perpen*i'ular as
p%ssible t% t/e ,el* be)el-
)44: T/e DA s/all be '%nstru'te* usin( t/e n%t'/es in t/e re+eren'e bl%'&- A "-p%int DA s/all %nly be
use* i+ s'annin( is limite* t% %ne +ull s&ip %r less- I+ s'annin( is per+%rme* usin( m%re t/an %ne +ull s&ip. a #-
p%int DA s/all be establis/e* as a minimum-
)48* T/e a''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 n% ma:imise* e'/% +r%m any pr%be s/all e:'ee* t/e DA-
$anual ultrasonic testing of welds in %R) materials and in 'lad pipe
)48) 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ ,el*s in RA materials ,it/ RA C*uple:. %t/er stainless steels an* ni'&el all%y
steel4 ,el* *ep%sits ,ill in %r*er t% a'/ie)e an a*e2uate *ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns n%rmally re2uire t/at
spe'ial re+eren'e bl%'&s an* pr%bes are use* +%r testin( %+ t/ese materials- 8nless it 'an be *em%nstrate* as
re2uire* in !;1F an* H;"H t/at use %+ l%, +re2uen'y s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes (i)es a''eptable *ete'ti%n.
manual ultras%ni' testin( %+ t/e RA ,el* *ep%sit in t/e r%%t s/all be per+%rme* as re2uire* in !;00
)484 An(le beam pr%bes s/all be a)ailable in an(les. %r be pr%)i*e* ,it/ ,e*(es %r s/%es. ran(in( +r%m #0]
t% <=]. measure* t% t/e perpen*i'ular %+ t/e sur+a'e %+ t/e pipe bein( teste*- Pr%be an(les s/all be sele'te* as
re2uire* in !#00- T/e pr%be an(les s/all be '/%sen t% %btain t/e best p%ssible test result +%r ,all t/i'&ness an*
*iameter %+ t/e pipe t% be teste* an* su'/ t/at t/e an(le %+ in'i*en'e is as perpen*i'ular as p%ssible t% t/e ,el*
be)el in t/e area '%)ere* by t/e pr%be- I+ s/ear ,a)e an(le pr%bes are use* +%r testin( %+ t/e r%%t t/e +re2uen'y
s/all be " 6HJ %r l%,er-
)488 T/e re+eren'e stan*ar* +%r testin( ,it/ s/ear an(le pr%bes s/all be a''%r*in( t% H1"0F an* H1"0H-
Testin( sensiti)ities s/all be establis/e* as +%ll%,s0
1 F%r testin( %+ l%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns in t/e ,el* )%lume %utsi*e t/e r%%t area. t/e DA s/all be
'%nstru'te* usin( t/e l%n(itu*inal e:ternal an* internal n%t'/es- A "-p%int DA s/all %nly be use* i+
s'annin( is limite* t% %ne +ull s&ip %r less- I+ s'annin( is per+%rme* usin( m%re t/an %ne +ull s&ip. a #-p%int
DA s/all be establis/e* as a minimum-
1 F%r testin( %+ t/e r%%t area l%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns sensiti)ity settin( s/all be a(ainst t/e n%t'/ in t/e
r%%t area %n t/e %pp%site si*e %+ t/e ,el* an* t/e resp%nse set t% =0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t-
1 F%r testin( %+ trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns. t/e DA s/all be '%nstru'te* usin( t/e 1-> mm *iameter t/r%u(/
*rille* /%les at t/e ,el* 'entreline ,it/ " p%ints Ce-(- e an* +ull s&ip4-
)484 S'annin( +%r trans)erse in*i'ati%ns s/all be per+%rme* S%n bea*T- Pr%bes ,it/ beam an(les %+ ;=] an*
>0] s/all be a)ailable-
)48# T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria are0
1 N% ma:imise* in*i'ati%ns e:'ee*in( DA +%r l%n(itu*inal an* trans)erse in*i'ati%ns-
1 N% ma:imise* in*i'ati%ns in t/e r%%t area e:'ee*in( =0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t-
@/en '%mpressi%n ,a)e an(le pr%bes are use*. %t/er types %+ re+le't%rs are use* an* t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria
s/all be spe'i+ie* an* a(ree* a''%r*in(ly-
$anual ultrasonic testing of welds in S)6# and S)61 pipe
)485 T/e re+eren'e stan*ar* s/all be a''%r*in( t% H1#0H an* H1#10-
)48& An(le beam pr%bes s/all be a)ailable in an(les. %r be pr%)i*e* ,it/ ,e*(es %r s/%es. ran(in( +r%m #0]
t% <=]. measure* t% t/e perpen*i'ular %+ t/e sur+a'e %+ t/e pipe bein( teste*- Pr%be an(les s/all be sele'te* as
re2uire* in !#00-
)482 Testin( sensiti)ities s/all be establis/e* as +%ll%,s0
1 F%r testin( %+ l%n(itu*inal imper+e'ti%ns in t/e ,el* )%lume. t/e DA s/all be '%nstru'te* usin( t/e
l%n(itu*inal e:ternal an* internal n%t'/es- A "-p%int DA s/all %nly be use* i+ s'annin( is limite* t% %ne
+ull s&ip %r less- I+ s'annin( is per+%rme* usin( m%re t/an %ne +ull s&ip. a #-p%int DA s/all be establis/e*
as a minimum
1 F%r testin( %+ trans)erse imper+e'ti%ns. t/e DA s/all be '%nstru'te* usin( t/e 1-> mm *iameter t/r%u(/
*rille* /%les at t/e ,el* 'entreline ,it/ " p%ints Ce-(- e an* +ull s&ip4-
)48: S'annin( +%r trans)erse in*i'ati%ns s/all be per+%rme* S%n bea*T- Pr%bes ,it/ beam an(les %+ ;=] an*
>0] s/all be a)ailable- 8se %+ ; 6HJ pr%bes s/all be pre+erre*-
)44* A''eptan'e 'riteri%n is0
1 n% ma:imise* in*i'ati%ns e:'ee*in( DA
$anual ultrasonic testing of welds in %R) materials and %R) weld deposits/materials.
)44) Re+er t% H;"; t/r%u(/ H;#1- 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ RA materials an* ,el*s ,it/ RA C*uple:. %t/er
stainless steels an* ni'&el all%y steel4 ,el* *ep%sits ,ill in %r*er t% a'/ie)e an a*e2uate *ete'ti%n %+
imper+e'ti%ns re2uire t/at spe'ial 'alibrati%n bl%'&s an* pr%bes are use* +%r testin( %+ ,el*s in t/ese materials-
An(le pr%bes (eneratin( '%mpressi%n ,a)es s/%ul* be use* in a**iti%n t% strai(/t beam pr%bes. an(le s/ear
,a)e pr%bes an* 'reep ,a)e pr%bes-
)444 8nless it 'an be *em%nstrate* as re2uire* in !;1F an* H;"H t/at use %+ l%, +re2uen'y s/ear ,a)e an(le
pr%bes %nly (i)es a''eptable *ete'ti%n. manual ultras%ni' testin( %+ RA materials an* ,el*s ,it/ RA ,el*
*ep%sits s/all be per+%rme* as re2uire* in !;00-
)448 A''eptan'e 'riteria manual ultras%ni' testin( %+ RA materials an* ,el*s ,it/ RA ,el* *ep%sits
per+%rme* ,it/ an(le '%mpressi%n ,a)e pr%bes are0
1 a''%r*in( t% Table D->-
$anual magnetic particle testing
)444 6anual ma(neti' parti'le sur+a'e testin( s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !=00 an* ISO 10FH#-=-
)44# 6anual ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ pipe en*s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !=00 an*
ISO 10FH#-=-
)445 6anual ma(neti' parti'le testin( %+ ,el*s s/all be per+%rme* as re2uire* by !=00-
)44& A''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be a''%r*in( t% t/e rele)ant re2uirements %+ t/is subse'ti%n-
$anual li*uid penetrant testing
)442 6anual li2ui* penetrant sur+a'e testin( an* testin( %+ pipe en*s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/
ISO 10FH#-;-
)44: 6anual li2ui* penetrant testin( %+ ,el*s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !>00. para(rap/s >0"
t/r%u(/ >0=-
)4#* A''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be a''%r*in( t% t/e rele)ant re2uirements %+ t/is subse'ti%n-
$anual eddy current testing
)4#) 6anual e**y 'urrent sur+a'e testin( an* testin( %+ pipe en*s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO
10FH#-"-
)4#4 6anual e**y 'urrent testin( %+ ,el*s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ !<00. para(rap/s <0"
t/r%u(/ <0F an* ISO 10FH#-" Ce**y 'urrent testin(4
)4#8 A''eptan'e 'riteria s/all be a''%r*in( t% t/e rele)ant re2uirements %+ t/is subse'ti%n-
H )#** N!n-"es%r'c%i-e %es%ing !+ 1el" re(air in (i(e
)#*) @el* repair %+ t/e b%*y %+ any pipe an* %+ t/e ,el* in HF@ pipe is n%t permitte*-
)#*4 A repaire* ,el* s/all be '%mpletely re-teste* usin( appli'able NDT met/%*s in a''%r*an'e ,it/ HF00
t/r%u(/ 1#00-
Alternati)ely. manual NDT may be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ H1;00 an* ,it/ a''eptan'e 'riteria in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements in H1;00- In t/is 'ase. manual ultras%ni' testin( s/all be (%)ernin( +%r
embe**e* *e+e'ts-
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '1%
A99END;M E
AUTOMATED UTRASON;C G;RTH WED TEST;NG
A. General
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/is Appen*i: *etails t/e e:aminati%n re2uirements +%r t/e aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s-
A 4** A((lica6ili%7
4*) T/e Appen*i: applies ,/en aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( CA8T4 is per+%rme* %n pipeline (irt/ ,el*s-
A 8** Re+erences
a4 Ameri'an S%'iety +%r Testin( 6aterials - E #1<-H;0 Stan*ar* Pra'ti'e +%r E)aluatin( Per+%rman'e
/ara'teristi's %+ Pulse E'/% Testin( Systems @it/%ut t/e 8se %+ Ele'tr%ni' 6easurement Instruments
b4 EN1">>F-1 N%n *estru'ti)e testin( - /ara'terisati%n an* )eri+i'ati%n %+ ultras%ni' e:aminati%n
e2uipment- Part 10 Instruments
'4 EN1">>F-" N%n *estru'ti)e testin( - /ara'terisati%n an* )eri+i'ati%n %+ ultras%ni' e:aminati%n
e2uipment- Part "0 Trans*u'ers
*4 EN1">>F-# N%n *estru'ti)e testin( - /ara'terisati%n an* )eri+i'ati%n %+ ultras%ni' e:aminati%n
e2uipment- Part0 #0 %mbine* e2uipment
e4 EN=F#-> N%n *estru'ti)e testin( - 8ltras%ni' e:aminati%n Part > - Time-%+-+li(/t *i++ra'ti%n as a met/%*
+%r *e+e't *ete'ti%n an* siJin(
+4 DNV-RP-F11F Pipe 3irt/ @el* A8T System 5uali+i'ati%n an* Pr%Ge't Spe'i+i' Pr%'e*ure Vali*ati%n
3. 3asic Re<'ire$en%s
3 )** General
)*) T/e primary re2uirement t% any A8T system is t/at its per+%rman'e is *%'umente* in terms %+ a*e2uate
*ete'ti%n an* siJin(. %r reGe'ti%n abilities. in relati%n t% spe'i+ie* I *etermine* a''eptable *e+e'ts- T/e
per+%rman'e %+ t/e A8T system /as t/r%u(/ t/e 2uali+i'ati%n t% be *em%nstrate* t% meet %r e:'ee* t/e
re2uirements in terms %+ *ete'ti%n %r reGe'ti%n set by t/e appli'able a''eptan'e 'riteria +%r any pr%Ge't-
)*4 T/e ultras%ni' system t% be use* s/all be a''epte* t/r%u(/ 2uali+i'ati%n. see Subse'ti%n H-
)*8 T/e ultras%ni' system may use pulse e'/%. tan*em. time-%+-+li(/t *i++ra'ti%n CTOFD4 an*I%r t/r%u(/
transmissi%n te'/ni2ues empl%yin( eit/er +i:e* %r p/ase* arrays- It s/all /a)e a +ully aut%mati' re'%r*in(
system t% in*i'ate t/e l%'ati%n %+ *e+e'ts an* t/e inte(rity %+ a'%usti' '%uplin(- A J%nal appr%a'/ s/all be
'%mbine* ,it/ r%%t an* ,el* )%lume mappin( '/annels. an* pre+erably TOFD- T/e J%nal '%n'ept may be
*e)iate* +r%m- T/is re2uires an a*e2uate te'/ni'al *es'ripti%n %+ t/e alternati)e appr%a'/. an* a system
2uali+i'ati%n a''%r*in( t% Subse'ti%n H-
)*4 T/e in+%rmati%n pr%)i*e* by all A8T '/annel types s/all be a'ti)ely use* in %r*er t% ensure a*e2uate
*e+e't *ete'ti%n an* siJin(-
)*# T/e ultras%ni' system may in'lu*e s'anner /ea*s an* system set-up spe'i+i'ally '%n+i(ure* +%r testin(
%+ repairs ,/ere t/e primary +un'ti%n is t% '%n+irm t/e '%mplete rem%)al %+ reGe'te* +la,- As a minimum t/e
A8T system ,it/ its n%rmal set-up. but ,it/ (ates ,i*e en%u(/ t% en'%mpass t/e repair area an* '%n+irm t/at
t/e A8T *e+e'ts /a)e been rem%)e*- Durin( t/is spe'ial attenti%n s/all als% be ma*e t% TOFD '/annel
in*i'ati%ns. an* in*i'ati%ns %utsi*e t/e n%rmal (ate settin(s-
Due t% t/e ,i*e )ariati%n in repair ,el* (r%%)e s/apes t/at may limit t/e *ete'ti%n 'apabilities %+ t/e system.
manual 8T. %r a *e*i'ate* semi-aut%mati' 8T system. s/all supp%rt t/e A8T %n ,el* repairs unless t/e (r%%)e
s/ape is '%ntr%lle* t% be ,it/in (i)en t%leran'es an* t/e s'anner /ea* is '%n+i(ure* a''%r*in(ly- F%r
supplementary 8T. t/e pr%)isi%ns %+ Appen*i: D apply-
)*5 T/e ultras%ni' system s/all in'%rp%rate +a'ilities +%r *ete'ti%n %+ trans)erse *e+e'ts. ,/en it is 'learly
i*enti+ie* t/at t/e ,el* pr%'ess. parent material. appli'ati%n an* en)ir%nmental '%n*iti%n may in'rease t/e ris&
+%r trans)ersal type +la,s-
)*& F%r A8T. all%,able ,all t/i'&ness )ariati%ns +r%m n%minal t/i'&ness is [1-= mm appli'able +%r pipes
e:p%se* +%r a t%tal n%minal strain %+ less t/an 0-;L. an* [1-0 mm appli'able +%r t%tal n%minal strains e2ual t%
an* ab%)e 0-;L- F%r )ariati%ns +r%m n%minal ,all t/i'&ness %utsi*e t/is. a**iti%nal )ali*ati%ns %r 2uali+i'ati%n
tests are re2uire*- T/ese tests s/all re+le't t/e t%tal e:pe'te* ,all t/i'&ness )ariati%n. an* pr%)i*e e)i*en'e %+
100L '%)era(e %+ t/e +usi%n +a'e an* t/e r%%t area-
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '1$
)*2 %unter b%res may be use* t% '%mpensate +%r lar(e t/i'&ness )ariati%ns i+ t/e '%unter b%re is ma'/ine*
t% pr%)i*e parallel e:ternal an* internal sur+a'es be+%re t/e start %+ t/e taper- T/e len(t/ %+ t/e parallel sur+a'es
s/all at least be su++i'ient t% all%, s'annin( +r%m t/e e:ternal sur+a'e an* su++i'ient +%r t/e re2uire* re+le'ti%n
%++ t/e parallel internal sur+a'e-
)*: @el* *ep%sits in *uple:. austeniti' stainless steels an* ni'&el all%ys /a)e a '%arse (rain stru'ture ,it/
)ariati%ns in (rain siJe an* stru'ture resultin( in unpre*i'table +lu'tuati%ns in attenuati%n- Duple: an*
austeniti' stainless steel base materials ,ill /a)e t/e same '/ara'teristi's- 8ltras%ni' testin( %+ ,el*s ,it/ RA
C*uple:. %t/er stainless steels an* ni'&el all%y steel4 ,el* *ep%sits ,ill in %r*er t% a'/ie)e an a*e2uate
*ete'ti%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns re2uire t/at spe'ial 'alibrati%n bl%'&s an* trans*u'ers are use* +%r testin( %+ ,el*s
in t/ese materials-
))* An %peratin( 5uality Assuran'e system s/all be use* '%)erin( t/e *e)el%pment %+ ultras%ni'
e:aminati%n systems. testin(. )eri+i'ati%n an* *%'umentati%n %+ t/e system an* its '%mp%nents an* s%+t,are
a(ainst (i)en re2uirements. 2uali+i'ati%n %+ pers%nnel an* %perati%n %+ ultras%ni' e:aminati%n systems- T/e
5uality Assuran'e system empl%ye* s/all be *%'umente* in su++i'ient *etail t% ensure t/at A8T systems use*
+%r +iel* inspe'ti%n ,ill be *esi(ne*. assemble* an* %perate* ,it/in t/e essential )ariables establis/e* *urin(
t/e 2uali+i'ati%n an* in all si(ni+i'ant aspe'ts ,ill be e2ual t% t/e 2uali+ie* A8T system- ISO H000 an* AST6
E 1"1" s/all apply as basi' re2uirements t% t/e 5uality Assuran'e system-
T/e +%ll%,in( s/all be *%'umente*0
1 *%'ument '%ntr%l
1 system *e)el%pment in'lu*in( establis/in( per+%rman'e
1 re2uirements t% t/e system. its '%mp%nents an* 'alibrati%n bl%'&s
1 sele'ti%nI2uali+i'ati%nI+%ll%,-upIau*itin( %+ suppliersIsub'%ntra't%rs
1 pr%'urement %+ system '%mp%nents an* 'alibrati%n bl%'&s
1 )eri+i'ati%n %+ *eli)ere* system '%mp%nents an* 'alibrati%n bl%'&s a(ainst (i)en re2uirements
1 mar&in(Ii*enti+i'ati%n %+ system '%mp%nents an* 'alibrati%n bl%'&s '%mplyin( ,it/ (i)en re2uirements
1 '%ntr%l an* )eri+i'ati%n %+ s%+t,are *e)el%pmentI'/an(es
1 *esi(n %+ A8T systemCs4 set-up +%r spe'i+i' +iel* %perati%n '%n*iti%nsIre2uirements
1 assembly %+ A8T systems +%r +iel* %perati%n +r%m )eri+ie* '%mp%nents in st%'&. in'lu*in( i*enti+i'ati%n
%+ t/e system an* i*enti+i'ati%nI*%'umentati%n %+ its '%mp%nents. 'alibrati%n bl%'&Cs4 an* spare parts
1 )eri+i'ati%nItestin( %+ A8T systems +%r +iel* %perati%n
1 %perati%nal '/e'&s an* +iel* maintenan'e %+ A8T systems
1 *%'umentati%nI)eri+i'ati%n %+ in +iel* m%*i+i'ati%ns %+ A8T systems
1 return %+ +iel* systems. *ismantlin(. '/e'&IrepairIup(ra*in( %+ system '%mp%nents
1 )eri+i'ati%n %+ repaire*Iup(ra*e* system '%mp%nents a(ainst (i)en re2uirements
1 A8T %perat%r trainin( an* 2uali+i'ati%n-
Pr%Ge't spe'i+i' set-up +iles. t% be in'lu*e* in pr%Ge't spe'i+i' pr%'e*ures0
1 P/ase* array +%'al la,s Ci+ appli'able4
1 Pr%be stan* %++
1 S%un* an(les
1 Tar(et *ept/
1 Re2uire* %)er tra'e
1 Applie* t/res/%l*s-
))) I+ an embe**e* *e+e't is l%'ate* 'l%se t% a sur+a'e. su'/ t/at t/e li(ament /ei(/t is less t/an /al+ t/e
*e+e't /ei(/t. t/e li(ament /ei(/t bet,een t/e *e+e't an* t/e sur+a'e s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e *e+e't /ei(/t-
3 4** D!c'$en%a%i!n
4*) T/e '%n+i(urati%n %+ t/e ultras%ni' system s/all +%r e)aluati%n purp%ses be *es'ribe* an* *%'umente*
,it/ re(ar* t%0
1 brie+ +un'ti%nal *es'ripti%n %+ t/e system
1 re+eren'e t% t/e '%*e. stan*ar* %r (ui*eline use* +%r *esi(n an* %perati%n %+ t/e system
1 *es'ripti%n %+ t/e 5uality Assuran'e system
1 e2uipment *es'ripti%n
1 limitati%ns %+ t/e system ,it/ re(ar* t% material %r ,el* +eatures in'lu*in( s%un* )el%'ity )ariati%ns.
(e%metry. ,all t/i'&ness. siJe. sur+a'e +inis/. material '%mp%siti%n. et'-
1 number an* type %+ trans*u'ers. %r p/ase* array set up ,it/ *es'ripti%n %+ '/ara'teristi's an* set-up
1 number %+ an* /ei(/t %+ e:aminati%n J%nes. ,/ere rele)ant
1 (ate settin(s
1 +un'ti%n %+ s'annin( *e)i'e
1 ultras%ni' instrument. number %+ '/annels an* *ata a'2uisiti%n system
1 re'%r*in( an* pr%'essin( %+ *ata
1 'alibrati%n bl%'&s
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '1&
1 '%uplin( m%nit%rin( met/%*
1 temperature ran(e +%r testin( an* limitati%ns
1 '%)era(e a'/ie)e*
1 ma:imum s'annin( spee*. PRF an* *ire'ti%n
1 rep%rtin( %+ in*i'ati%ns an* *%'umentati%n %+ 'alibrati%n an* sensiti)ity settin(s-
3 8** Sc!(e !+ <'ali+ica%i!n
8*) Aut%mate* ultras%ni' systems use* +%r linepipe (irt/ ,el* inspe'ti%n s/all be 2uali+ie* an* t/e
per+%rman'e %+ t/e system s/all be *%'umente*-
T/e 2uali+i'ati%n s/all be a''%r*in( t% DNV-RP-F11F. +urt/er (ui*an'e is (i)en in Subse'ti%n H-
F%r appli'ati%ns %t/er t/an +erriti' steel (irt/ ,el* e:aminati%ns. spe'i+i' re2uirements 'an apply an* s/%ul*
be a(ree* up%n-
On'e an A8T system is 2uali+ie*. %nly a limite* A8T Vali*ati%n ,ill be re2uire* +%r +uture pr%Ge'ts i+ t/e
system is ,it/in t/e 2uali+ie* ran(e %+ )ali*ity. as spe'i+ie* in se'ti%n I- T/e s'%pe %+ A8T )ali*ati%n s/all be
a''%r*in( t% DNV-RP-F11F. se'ti%n H- A re*u'e* s'%pe %+ )ali*ati%n may be a(ree* +%r ,el*s e:p%se* t%
n%minal strains M 0-;L. but s/all '%mprise at least 1" *e+e'ts. in'lu*in( " %bser)ati%ns +%r ea'/ (r%up Cr%%t.
+ill. 'ap an* )%lumetri'4 an*I%r 'riti'al +la, type-
3 4** Ul%ras!nic s7s%e$ e<'i($en% an" c!$(!nen%s
3eneral re2uirements
4*) T/e system s/all be 'apable %+ e:aminin( a '%mplete ,el* in'lu*in( t/e /eat a++e'te* J%ne in %ne
'ir'um+erential s'an- T/is re2uirement may. as a(ree*. be *e)iate* +r%m +%r )ery t/i'& I small *iameter pipe.
i+ it is n%t p%ssible t% '%)er t/e ,/%le *ept/ ran(e in %ne s'an-
4*4 T/ere s/all be re'%r*able si(nal %utputs +%r at least ea'/ 1 mm %+ ,el* len(t/ +%r ea'/ inspe'ti%n '/annel-
4*8 T/e ultras%ni' instrument s/all pr%)i*e a linear A-s'an presentati%n- T/e instrument linearity s/all be
*etermine* a''%r*in( t% t/e pr%'e*ures *etaile* in AST6-#1<-01 %r EN1">>F- Instrument linearity s/all n%t
*e)iate by m%re t/an =L +r%m i*eal-
T/e assessment %+ ultras%ni' instrument linearity s/all /a)e been per+%rme* ,it/in > m%nt/s %+ t/e inten*e*
en* use *ate- F%r pr%*u'ti%n A8T ,it/ an e:pe'te* *urati%n e:'ee*in( > m%nt/s. but less t/an %ne year. t/e
assessment %+ instrument linearity may be per+%rme* imme*iately be+%re t/e start %+ ,%r&-
A 'alibrati%n 'erti+i'ate s/all be ma*e a)ailable up%n re2uest-
Spe'i+i' re2uirements +%r ultras%ni' instruments usin( multiple '/annels. pulse e'/%. tan*em an*I%r t/r%u(/
transmissi%n te'/ni2ues-
4*4 T/e instrument s/all pr%)i*e an a*e2uate number %+ inspe'ti%n '/annels t% ensure t/e e:aminati%n %+
t/e '%mplete ,el* t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness in %ne 'ir'um+erential s'an. i+ p%ssible Csee !;014- Ea'/ inspe'ti%n
'/annel s/all pr%)i*e0
1 pulse e'/% %r t/r%u(/ transmissi%n m%*es
1 %ne %r m%re (ates. ea'/ a*Gustable +%r start p%siti%n an* len(t/
1 (ain a*Gustment
1 re'%r*in( t/res/%l* bet,een = an* 100L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t
1 re'%r*in( %+ eit/er t/e +irst %r t/e lar(est si(nal in t/e (ate* re(i%n
1 si(nal *elay t% enable '%rrelati%n t% *istan'e mar&er p%siti%ns Creal time anal%(ue re'%r*in( %nly4
1 re'%r*able si(nal %utputs representin( si(nal amplitu*e an* s%un* tra)el *istan'e
1 spe'i+i' re2uirements t% ultras%ni' instruments usin( t/e T%FD te'/ni2ue
4*# T/e instrument s/all pr%)i*e a T%FD !-s'an ima(e- T%FD +un'ti%n s%+t,are s/all in'%rp%rate a*e2uate
+a'ilities +%r %nline in*i'ati%n assessment usin( ran(e 'alibrate* 'urs%rs- A-s'an re+eren'e an* numeri'al
translati%n %+ time %+ +li(/t p%siti%ns s/all be in'%rp%rate*-
Dept/ ran(e e++i'ien'y s/all be i*enti+ie* +%r ea'/ T%FD set up- It may be re2uire* t% empl%y t,% %r m%re
T%FD '/annels in %r*er t% in'rease reliability %)er t/e t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness ran(e bein( inspe'te*- F%r t/i'&nesses
ab%)e =0 mm at least t,% TOFD '/annels are re'%mmen*e*-
4*5 T/e instrument s/all +ul+il t/e re2uirements t% ultras%ni' instruments *es'ribe* in EN1">>F-1 an*
EN=F#->. /apter > SE2uipment re2uirementsT
Spe'i+i' re2uirements t% ultras%ni' instruments usin( p/ase* arrays-
4*& T/e p/ase* array system s/all in'%rp%rate means +%r peri%*i'al )eri+i'ati%n %+ t/e +un'ti%n %+ re2uire*
a'ti)e elements ne'essary t% maintain a spe'i+i' +%'al la,-
4*2 A system pre)entin( any un2uali+ie* alterati%ns t% a(ree* +%'al la,s s/all be implemente* +%r t/e p/ase*
array A8T system-
4*: I+ a**iti%nal '%n)enti%nal trans*u'ers t% t/e p/ase* array %nes are use*. +%r e:ample +%r trans)erse
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '1'
inspe'ti%n an* T%FD. t/e in+%rmati%n +%r all trans*u'ers s/all be a)ailable in t/e same set up an* re'%r*in(
system-
The recording system
4)* T/e re'%r*in( %r mar&in( system s/all 'learly in*i'ate t/e l%'ati%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns relati)e t% t/e 1"
%A'l%'& p%siti%n %+ t/e ,el*. ,it/ a 1L a''ura'y %r 10 mm. ,/i'/e)er is (reater- T/e system res%luti%n s/all
be su'/ t/at ea'/ se(ment %+ re'%r*e* *ata +r%m an in*i)i*ual inspe'ti%n '/annel *%es n%t represent m%re t/an
" mm %+ 'ir'um+erential ,el* *istan'e-
)coustic coupling
4)) A'%usti' '%uplin( s/all be a'/ie)e* by '%nta't %r '%uplant '%lumn usin( a li2ui* me*ium suitable +%r
t/e purp%se- An en)ir%nmentally sa+e a(ent may be re2uire* t% pr%m%te ,ettin(. /%,e)er. n% resi*ue s/all
remain %n t/e pipe sur+a'e a+ter t/e li2ui* /as e)ap%rate*-
T/e met/%* use* +%r a'%usti' '%uplin( m%nit%rin( an* t/e l%ss in si(nal stren(t/ *e+inin( a Sl%ss %+ return
si(nalT Cl%ss %+ '%uplin(4 s/all be *es'ribe*-
Transducers
4)4 Pri%r t% t/e start %+ +iel* ,el* e:aminati%n. *etails %+ t/e types an* numbers %+ trans*u'ers %r +%'al la,s
s/all be spe'i+ie*- On'e a(ree*. t/ere s/all n%t be any trans*u'er %r +%'al la, *esi(n '/an(es ma*e ,it/%ut
pri%r a(reement- Trans*u'ers %t/er t/an p/ase* arrays s/all be '/ara'terise* a''%r*in( t% EN1">>F-"-
Trans*u'ers s/all be *%'umente* ,it/ respe't t% manu+a'turer. type. '/ara'teristi's an* uni2ue i*enti+i'ati%n
Cserial number4-
Trans*u'er '/ara'teristi's s/all in'lu*e Cn%t all parameters are appli'able t% p/ase* array trans*u'ers40
1 +re2uen'y
1 beam an(le
1 ,e*(e '/ara'teristi's
1 beam siJe CN%t rele)ant +%r PA pr%bes4
1 pulse s/ape
1 pulse len(t/
1 si(nal t% n%ise
1 +%'us p%int an* len(t/ +%r +%'use* trans*u'ers-
In a**iti%n. t/e +%ll%,in( '/ara'teristi's s/all be in'lu*e* +%r p/ase* array pr%bes0
1 Number %+ elements
1 pit'/-
4)8 Trans*u'ers use* +%r J%nal *is'riminati%n s/all (i)e si(nals +r%m a*Ga'ent J%nes C%)ertra'e4. (i)en t/at
t/ere is n% s/i+t in ,el* be)el an(le bet,een t/e J%nes- F%r a*Ga'ent J%nes %+ '%mparable siJe an* ,it/ e2ual
'alibrati%n sensiti)ity. t/e %)ertra'e s/all be ,it/in =L FSH t% ;0L FSH ,/en t/e pea& si(nal +r%m t/e
'alibrati%n re+le't%r representin( t/e J%ne %+ interest is set t% F0L FSH-
4)4 TOFD trans*u'ers s/all be %ptimise* +%r t/e ,all t/i'&ness t% be teste* an* t/e re+ra'te* an(le s/all be
t/e same +%r transmitter an* re'ei)er- Fre2uen'y. *ampin( an* in'i*ent an(le s/all be '/%sen t% limit t/e *ea*
J%ne +%rme* by t/e lateral ,a)e-
4)# @/en re2uire*. trans*u'ers s/all be '%nt%ure* t% mat'/ t/e 'ur)ature %+ t/e pipe-
3 #** Cali6ra%i!n .re+erence/ 6l!c0s
#*) alibrati%n bl%'&s s/all be use* t% set A8T system sensiti)ity. an* t% )eri+y t/e inspe'ti%n system +%r
+iel* inspe'ti%n an* t% m%nit%r t/e %n(%in( system per+%rman'e- alibrati%n bl%'&s s/all be manu+a'ture*
+r%m a se'ti%n %+ pipeline spe'i+i' linepipe- T/e ,all t/i'&ness %+ t/e pipe use* +%r 'alibrati%n bl%'&s s/all
pre+erably '%rresp%n* t% t/e n%minal ,all t/i'&ness %+ t/e pipes use*. unless a number %+ 'alibrati%n bl%'&s
are nee*e* t% '%)er ,all t/i'&ness )ariati%ns %utsi*e t/e limitati%ns (i)en in !10<-
#*4 @/en a ,el* is re2uire* in t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&. t/e ,el* s/all be 100L e:amine* t% ensure t/at it is
'%mpletely *e+e't +ree- T/e ,el* s/all be ma*e +r%m representati)e pr%*u'ti%n material usin( pr%Ge't spe'i+i'
appr%)e* ,el*in( pr%'e*ure-
#*8 A'%usti' )el%'ity an* attenuati%n measurements s/all be per+%rme* %n material +r%m all s%ur'es %+ pipe
material supply t% be use*- T/ese measurements s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% Subse'ti%n 7100 unless an
e2ui)alent met/%* is a(ree*- I+ *i++eren'es in a'%usti' )el%'ity +%r t/e same n%minal ,all t/i'&ness +r%m any
s%ur'e %+ supply results in a beam an(le )ariati%n %+ m%re t/an 1-=]. spe'i+i' 'alibrati%n bl%'&s s/all be ma*e
+%r material +r%m ea'/ s%ur'e %+ supply s/%,in( su'/ )ariati%ns-
#*4 Details %+ t/e spe'i+i' ,el* be)el (e%metries in'lu*in( rele)ant *imensi%ns an* t%leran'es s/all be
pr%)i*e* in %r*er t% *etermine t/e parti'ulars an* numbers %+ 'alibrati%n bl%'&s re2uire*-
#*# Type an* siJe %+ 'alibrati%n re+le't%rs s/all be *etermine* by t/e re2uire* sensiti)ity t% a'/ie)e t/e
ne'essary Pr%bability %+ Dete'ti%n CP%D4 an* siJin( 'apability as *etermine* by t/e smallest all%,able *e+e't
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '11
*eri)in( +r%m t/e a(ree* a''eptan'e 'riteria- T/e pre+erre* prin'ipal 'alibrati%n re+le't%rs are +lat b%tt%m /%les
CF!Hs4 an* sur+a'e n%t'/es- Ot/er re+le't%r *imensi%ns an* types may be use*. i+ it is *em%nstrate* *urin( t/e
system 2uali+i'ati%n t/at t/e *e+e't *ete'ti%n an* siJin( 'apabilities %+ t/e system is a''eptable- Spe'i+i'
n%t'/es +%r T%FD may be in'%rp%rate*. t% '/e'& TOFD system +un'ti%nality-
#*5 T/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&s s/all be *esi(ne* ,it/ su++i'ient sur+a'e area s% t/at t/e '%mplete trans*u'er array
,ill tra)erse t/e tar(et areas in a sin(le pass-
#*& Dra,in(s s/%,in( t/e *esi(n *etails +%r ea'/ type %+ 'alibrati%n bl%'& s/all be prepare*- T/e *ra,in(s
s/all s/%,0
1 t/e spe'i+i' ,el* be)el (e%metry. *imensi%ns an* t%leran'es
1 t/e /ei(/t an* p%siti%n %+ e:aminati%n J%nes
1 t/e 'alibrati%n re+le't%rs re2uire* an* t/eir relati)e p%siti%ns
1 s&et'/ %+ t/e inten*e* ultras%ni' pat/ ass%'iate* ,it/ ea'/ re+le't%r-
#*2 T/e 'alibrati%n bl%'& s/all be i*enti+ie* ,it/ a /ar* stampe* uni2ue serial number pr%)i*in( tra'eability
t% t/e e:aminati%n ,%r& an* t/e material s%ur'e %+ supply +%r ,/i'/ t/e stan*ar* ,as manu+a'ture*- Re'%r*s
%+ t/e '%rrelati%n bet,een serial number an* ,all t/i'&ness. be)el *esi(n. *iameter. an* ultras%un* )el%'ity
s/all be &ept an* be a)ailable-
T/e ma'/inin( t%leran'es +%r 'alibrati%n re+le't%rs are0
#*: T/e lateral p%siti%n %+ all 'alibrati%n re+le't%rs s/all be su'/ t/at t/ere ,ill be n% inter+eren'e +r%m
a*Ga'ent re+le't%rs. %r +r%m t/e e*(es %+ t/e bl%'&s-
#)* H%les s/all be pr%te'te* +r%m *e(ra*ati%n by '%)erin( t/e /%le ,it/ a suitable sealant- I+ it 'an be pr%)en
t/at +illin( %+ sur+a'e n%t'/es an* %t/er near sur+a'e re+le't%rs may in+luen'e t/e re+le'tin( ability %+ t/e
re+eren'e re+le't%r. a)%i*an'e %+ +illin( 'an be subGe't t% a(reement-
#)) Dimensi%nal )eri+i'ati%n %+ all 'alibrati%n re+le't%rs an* t/eir p%siti%n s/all be per+%rme* an* re'%r*e*
a''%r*in( t% a *%'umente* pr%'e*ure- Ea'/ re+le't%r s/all be )eri+ie* by ultras%ni' testin( t% ensure t/at t/e
re+eren'e re+le't%r pairs yiel* re+le'ti)e si(nals ,it/in ["*!-
#)4 @/ene)er p%ssible. an A8T system similar t% t/at use* *urin( +iel* inspe'ti%n s/all be su''ess+ully
'alibrate* a(ainst t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'& a+ter *imensi%nal )eri+i'ati%n %+ t/e bl%'&- T/e set-up *ata s/all be
re'%r*e* an* t/e same *ata use* t% )eri+y t/at any a**iti%nalIspare 'alibrati%n bl%'&s ,ill n%t (i)e si(ni+i'antly
*i++erent 'alibrati%n results-
#)8 A 'alibrati%n bl%'& re(ister s/all be establis/e*- T/e re(ister s/all in'lu*e all 'alibrati%n bl%'&s.
in'lu*in( spare bl%'&s. t% be use*. i*enti+ie* ,it/ a uni2ue serial number an* in'lu*e t/e *ra,in(s.
*imensi%nal )eri+i'ati%n re'%r*s. ultras%un* )el%'ity. name %+ t/e plateIpipe manu+a'turer an* t/e /eat
number-
3 5** Rec!r"er se%-'(
5*) /annel %utput si(nals s/all be arran(e* %n t/e re'%r*in( me*ia in an a(ree* %r*er- T/e +un'ti%n %+ ea'/
'/annel s/all be 'learly i*enti+ie*- T/e /ar* '%py re'%r*in( s/all be '%rre'te* t% a''%unt +%r any *i++eren'e
intr%*u'e* *ue t% *i++erent 'ir'um+erential p%siti%ns %+ t/e trans*u'ers-
5*4 Distan'e mar&ers s/all be pr%)i*e* %n t/e re'%r*in( at inter)als n%t e:'ee*in( 100 mm %+
'ir'um+erential ,el* len(t/-
5*8 T/e s'annin( *ire'ti%n C'l%'&,ise %r anti-'l%'&,ise4 s/all be 'learly *es'ribe* an* re+erre* t% an
i*enti+iable *atum. an* s/all be maintaine* t/r%u(/%ut t/e *urati%n %+ t/e +iel* ,el* e:aminati%n-
3 &** Circ'$+eren%ial scanning -el!ci%7
&*) T/e ma:imum all%,able 'ir'um+erential s'annin( )el%'ity s/all be *etermine* s% t/at t/ere are at least
# pulse +irin(s ,it/in ea'/ > *! beam ,i*t/ at t/e appr%priate %peratin( *istan'e %+ all trans*u'ers ,it/in t/e
an array. as *es'ribe* in Appen*i: D. H;1"-
3 2** 9!1er s'((l7
2*) %nstant p%,er supply s/all be ensure* +%r t/e ultras%ni' system- T/ere s/all be pr%)isi%ns +%r
Ca4 H%le *iameters [ 0-" mm
Cb4 Flatness %+ F!H [ 0-1 mm
C'4 All pertinent an(les [ 1]
C*4 N%t'/ *ept/ [ 0-1 mm
Ce4 N%t'/ len(t/ [ 0-= mm
C+4 entral p%siti%n %+ re+eren'e re+le't%rs [ 0-1 mm
C(4 H%le *ept/ [ 0-" mm
alternati)e p%,er supply in 'ase %+ +ailure in t/e main p%,er supply- T/ere s/all be n% l%ss %+ inspe'ti%n *ata
as a result %+ a p%ssible p%,er +ailure-
3 :** S!+%1are
:*) All re'%r*in(. *ata /an*lin( an* presentin( s%+t,are. in'lu*in( '/an(es t/eret%. s/all be '%)ere* by t/e
5uality Assuran'e system an* all s%+t,are )ersi%ns s/all be i*enti+iable by a uni2ue )ersi%n number-
:*4 T/e s%+t,are )ersi%n number. an* +%r p/ase* array e2uipment als% ea'/ i*enti+ie* set-up Ce:e'utable
+%'al la, pr%(ramme4 in use. s/all be 'learly %bser)able %n all *isplay an* print%ut presentati%ns %+ 'alibrati%n
an* e:aminati%n results-
:*8 F%r p/ase* array e2uipment. ea'/ i*enti+ie* set-up Ce:e'utable +%'al la, pr%(ramme4 s/all be a)ailable
+%r re)ie,-
:*4 S%+t,are up*ates s/all n%t be per+%rme* %n systems *urin( +iel* e:aminati%n use-
3 )*** Re+erence line= 6an" (!si%i!n an" c!a%ing c'%-6ac0
Reference line
)**) Pri%r t% ,el*in( a re+eren'e line s/all be s'ribe* %n t/e pipe sur+a'e at a +i:e* *istan'e +r%m t/e
'entreline %+ t/e ,el* preparati%n %n t/e inspe'ti%n ban* si*e- T/is re+eren'e line s/all be use* t% ensure t/at
t/e ban* is a*Guste* t% t/e same *istan'e +r%m t/e ,el* 'entreline as t% t/at %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&-
Guiding band positioning
)**4 T/e t%leran'e +%r ban* p%siti%nin( is 1 mm relati)e t% t/e ,el* 'entreline-
T/e ban* 'an be p%siti%ne* eit/er ,/%lly %n t/e bare pipe %r %n t/e '%rr%si%n '%atin(-
P%siti%nin( %+ t/e ban* %n t/e '%rr%si%n '%atin( ,ill re2uire t/at t/e '%atin( t/i'&ness is n%t e:'essi)e an* t/at
t/e '%atin( is su++i'iently +lat an* ,ill remain /ar* en%u(/ at t/e temperatures in t/e pipe resultin( +r%m pre/eat
an* ,el*in( t% a)%i* t/at t/e ban* supp%rts slips %r penetrates t/e '%atin(-
P%siti%nin( %+ t/e ban* partly %n bare pipe an* partly %n t/e '%rr%si%n '%atin( may result in instability
pr%blems +%r t/e s'anner an* s/%ul* be a)%i*e*-
%oating cut bac.
)**8 T/e 'ut-ba'& %+ t/e '%rr%si%n '%atin( t% bare pipe s/all be ,i*e en%u(/ t% a''%mm%*ate t/e +%%tprint
%+ all trans*u'ers at t/e re2uire* stan*-%++ *istan'e W minimum "0 mm- T/e 'ut-ba'& %+ any ,ei(/t '%atin(
s/all all%, pla'in( t/e ban* ,/%lly %n t/e bare pipe %r %n t/e '%rr%si%n '%atin(. as appli'able. an* su++i'ient
t% a)%i* inter+eren'e bet,een ,ei(/t '%atin( an* s'anner-
T/e '%atin( 'ut ba'& re2uire* all%,in( +%r s'anner m%untin( an* m%)ement s/all be 'learly i*enti+ie* in t/e
%peratin( manuals-
3 ))** Re+erence line %!!ls
))*) T/e t%%l use* t% ali(n t/e s'annin( ban* t% t/e re+eren'e line s/all be a*Guste* t% a''%unt +%r ,el*
s/rin&a(e- S/rin&a(e is *etermine* by mar&in( t/e re+eren'e line %n b%t/ pipe en*s *urin( @P5 %r +%r t/e +irst
"= ,el*s. an* t/en measurin( t/e *istan'e bet,een t/em a+ter ,el*in(-
T/e t%%ls use* +%r mar&in( t/e re+eren'e line +%r ban* p%siti%nin(. s/all (i)e a''ura'y in t/e p%siti%n %+ t/e
s'ribe line %+ [ 0-= mm relati)e t% t/e be)el r%%t +a'e- T/e a''ura'y %+ ea'/ s'ribe line t%%l s/all be *%'umente*
an* ea'/ t%%l s/all be uni2uely i*enti+ie*-
3 )4** O(era%!rs
)4*) Details %+ ea'/ A8T %perat%r s/all be pr%)i*e* pri%r t% start %+ +iel* ,el* e:aminati%n-
)4*4 Operat%rs per+%rmin( interpretati%n s/all be 'erti+ie* t% Be)el " by a erti+i'ati%n b%*y %r Aut/%rise*
2uali+yin( b%*y in a''%r*an'e ,it/ ISO H<1" %r t/e ASNT entral erti+i'ati%n Pr%(ram CAP4- In a**iti%n
t/ey s/all *%'ument a*e2uate trainin( an* +iel* e:perien'e ,it/ t/e e2uipment in 2uesti%n. by passin( a
spe'i+i' an* pra'ti'al e:aminati%n- I+ re2ueste*. t/ey s/all be able t% *em%nstrate t/eir 'apabilities ,it/ re(ar*
t% 'alibratin( t/e e2uipment. per+%rmin( an %perati%nal test un*er +iel* '%n*iti%ns an* e)aluatin( siJe. nature
an* l%'ati%n %+ imper+e'ti%ns-
)4*8 Operat%rs ,/% are n%t a''epte* s/all n%t be use*. an* %perat%rs s/all n%t be substitute* ,it/%ut pri%r
appr%)al- In 'ase a**iti%nal %perat%rs are re2uire*. *etails %+ t/ese s/all be a''epte* be+%re t/ey start t% ,%r&-
)4*4 One in*i)i*ual s/all be *esi(nate* t% be resp%nsible +%r t/e '%n*u't %+ t/e ultras%ni' pers%nnel. t/e
per+%rman'e %+ e2uipment. spare part a)ailability an* inspe'ti%n ,%r&. in'lu*in( rep%rts an* re'%r*s-
)4*# T/e %perat%rs s/all /a)e a''ess t% te'/ni'al supp%rt +r%m %ne in*i)i*ual 2uali+ie* t% Be)el # at any time
*urin( e:e'uti%n %+ t/e e:aminati%n ,%r&-
3 )8** S(ares
)8*) T/ere s/all be a su++i'ient number %+ spare parts a)ailable at t/e pla'e %+ e:aminati%n t% ensure t/at t/e
,%r& 'an pr%'ee* ,it/%ut interrupti%ns-
3 )4** Sla-e $!ni%!rs
)4*) T/e system s/all in'lu*e t/e p%ssibility t% pr%)i*e sla)e m%nit%rs +%r use by super)isin( pers%nnel. i+
a(ree*-
C. 9r!ce"'re
C )** General
)*) A *etaile* A8T Pr%'e*ure s/all be prepare* +%r ea'/ ,el* G%int (e%metry t% be e:amine* pri%r t% t/e
start %+ any ,el*in(- T/e pr%'e*ure is as a minimum. an* as rele)ant +%r t/e e2uipment in 2uesti%n. t% in'lu*e0
1 +un'ti%nal *es'ripti%n %+ e2uipment
1 re+eren'e stan*ar*s an* (ui*elines '%ntr%llin( e2uipment maintenan'e
1 instru'ti%ns +%r s'annin( *e)i'e. ultras%ni' instrument. ultras%ni' ele'tr%ni's. /ar*- an* s%+t,are +%r
re'%r*in(. pr%'essin(. *isplay. presentati%n an* st%ra(e %+ inspe'ti%n *ata
1 number %+ e:aminati%n J%nes +%r ea'/ ,all t/i'&ness t% be e:amine*. as rele)ant
1 trans*u'er '%n+i(urati%nCs4. '/ara'teristi's. types. '%)era(eO an*I%r +%'al la, *etails
1 *es'ripti%nI*ra,in(s %+ 'alibrati%n bl%'&Cs4. in'lu*in( type. siJe an* l%'ati%n %+ all 'alibrati%n re+le't%rs
1 pre-e:aminati%n '/e'&s %+ e2uipment
1 met/%*%l%(y +%r sensiti)ity settin( an* +%r +usi%n J%ne trans*u'ersO %)ertra'e Csi(nal amplitu*e +r%m
a*Ga'ent J%nes4 re2uirements '%nsistent ,it/ t/e %)ertra'e use* as basis +%r establis/in( /ei(/t siJin(
'%rre'ti%ns +%r amplitu*e siJin(
1 (ate settin(s
1 e2uipment settin(s
1 t/res/%l* settin(s
1 t/e a**e* (ain ab%)e PRB CD10"4 t% be use* +%r mappin( '/annels
1 *ynami' )eri+i'ati%n %+ set-up
1 si(nal stren(t/ *e+inin( a Sl%ss %+ return si(nalT Cl%ss %+ '%uplin(4
1 )isual e:aminati%n %+ s'annin( area. in'lu*in( sur+a'e '%n*iti%n an* preparati%n
1 i*enti+i'ati%n %+ inspe'ti%n startin( p%int. s'annin( *ire'ti%n. an* in*i'ati%n %+ len(t/ inspe'te*
1 met/%* +%r s'anner ali(nment an* maintenan'e %+ ali(nment
1 )eri+i'ati%n %+ re+eren'e line an* (ui*e ban* p%siti%nin(
1 ma:imum all%,e* temperature ran(e
1 '%ntr%l %+ temperature *i++erentials Cpipe an* 'alibrati%n bl%'&4
1 'alibrati%n inter)als
1 'alibrati%n re'%r*s
1 '%uplant. '%uplin( an* '%uplin( '%ntr%l
1 %perati%nal '/e'&s an* +iel* maintenan'e
1 trans*u'er an* %)erall +un'ti%nal '/e'&s
1 /ei(/t. *ept/ an* len(t/ siJin( met/%*%l%(y
1 a''eptan'e 'riteria. %r re+eren'e t/eret%
1 instru'ti%ns +%r rep%rtin( in'lu*in( e:ample %+ re'%r*er '/art an* +%rms t% be use*
1 spare part p/il%s%p/y-
)*4 T/e A8T pr%'e*ure s/all be submitte* +%r a''eptan'e-
D. Cali6ra%i!n .Sensi%i-i%7 Se%%ing/
D )** ;ni%ial s%a%ic cali6ra%i!n
Transducer positioning and Primary Reference Sensitivity
)*) T/e system s/all be %ptimise* +%r +iel* inspe'ti%n in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e *etails (i)en in t/e A8T
pr%'e*ure an* usin( t/e rele)ant 'alibrati%n bl%'&Cs4- T/e 'alibrati%n bl%'& s/all /a)e t/e same %rientati%n
C)erti'alI/%riJ%ntal4 as t/e pipe t% be teste*. unless it /as been pr%)en t/r%u(/ t/e 2uali+i'ati%n tests t/at
*i++eren'es in resp%nse are ne(li(ible-
)*4 T/e (ain le)el re2uire* t% pr%*u'e t/e pea& si(nal resp%nse is t/e Primary Re+eren'e Be)el CPRB4 +%r
t/at re+le't%r-
&usion ,one channels
)*8 Pulse e'/% an* tan*em trans*u'ers s/all be p%siti%ne* at its %peratin( Cstan*-%++4 p%siti%n an* a*Guste*
t% pr%)i*e a pea& si(nal +r%m its 'alibrati%n re+le't%r- In t/e 'ase %+ p/ase* arrays. t/e +%'al la,s s/all be
*esi(ne* t% pr%)i*e a pea& si(nal +r%m ea'/ %+ t/e 'alibrati%n re+le't%rs as appr%priate- T/is si(nal s/all be
a*Guste* t% t/e spe'i+ie* per'enta(e %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t CFSH4-
T5& channels
)*4 F%r sin(le TOFD '/annels. t/e trans*u'er spa'in( s/all be sele'te* t% pla'e t/e t/e%reti'al 'r%ssin( %+
beam 'entres at t/e ,el* 'entreline at >> t% H=L %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness-
F%r *%uble TOFD '/annels t/e t/e%reti'al 'r%ssin( %+ beam 'entres at t/e ,el* 'entreline s/all be at >> t% H=L
%+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness +%r %ne '/annel an* appr%:imately ##L %+ t/e ,all t/i'&ness +%r t/e %t/er '/annel-
T/e amplitu*e %+ t/e lateral ,a)e s/all be bet,een ;0 an* F0L %+ +ull s'reen /ei(/t CFSH4- In 'ases ,/en use
%+ t/e lateral ,a)e is n%t appli'able. e-(- sur+a'e '%n*iti%ns an* steep beam an(les. t/e amplitu*e %+ t/e ba'&
,all si(nal s/all be set at bet,een 1" t% "; *! ab%)e FSH- @/en use %+ neit/er t/e lateral ,a)e n%r t/e ba'&
,all si(nal is appli'able. t/e sensiti)ity s/%ul* be set su'/ t/at t/e n%ise le)el is bet,een = an* 10L %+ FSH-
$apping channels
)*# Ea'/ trans*u'er s/all be p%siti%ne* at its %peratin( Cstan*-%++4 p%siti%n an* a*Guste* t% pr%)i*e a pea&
si(nal +r%m its 'alibrati%n re+le't%r- In t/e 'ase %+ p/ase* arrays. t/e +%'al la,s s/all be *esi(ne* t% pr%)i*e a
pea& si(nal +r%m ea'/ %+ t/e 'alibrati%n re+le't%rs as appr%priate- T/is si(nal s/all be a*Guste* t% t/e spe'i+ie*
per'enta(e %+ FSH-
N%rmally a (ain in'rease in t/e ran(e %+ ; t% 10 *! %)er t/e (ain ne'essary t% %btain t/e spe'i+ie* per'enta(e
%+ FSH is re2uire* t% %btain t/e pr%*u'ti%n s'annin( sensiti)ity- T/is (ain s/all n%t be a**e* *urin( sensiti)ity
settin(. *ynami' 'alibrati%n an* 'alibrati%n )eri+i'ati%n *urin( +iel* e:aminati%n-
D 4** Ga%e se%%ings
4*) @it/ ea'/ trans*u'er p%siti%ne* +%r a pea& si(nal resp%nse +r%m t/e 'alibrati%n re+le't%r t/e *ete'ti%n
(ates s/all be set as *etaile* in t/e a(ree* A8T pr%'e*ure an* as *etaile* bel%,-
4*4 T/e *ete'ti%n (ates are t% be set ,it/ ea'/ trans*u'er I +%'al la, p%siti%ne* +%r t/e pea& si(nal resp%nse
+r%m t/e 'alibrati%n re+le't%r- T/e (ate s/all start be+%re t/e t/e%reti'al ,el* preparati%n an* a suitable
all%,an'e s/all be in'lu*e* t% all%, +%r t/e ,i*t/ %+ t/e /eat a++e'te* J%ne. s% t/at '%mplete '%)era(e %+ t/e
/eat a++e'te* J%ne is a'/ie)e*- T/e (ate en*s s/all at least be a+ter t/e t/e%reti'al ,el* 'entreline. in'lu*in( a
suitable all%,an'e +%r %++set %+ t/e ,el* 'entreline a+ter ,el*in(-
4*8 F%r spe'i+i' appli'ati%ns. e-(- +%r austeniti'I*uple: ,el*ments ,it/ an(le '%mpressi%n ,a)es ,it/ t/e
re+eren'e re+le't%rs p%siti%ne* at t/e +ar si*e %+ t/e ,el*. an e:tensi%n %+ t/e (ate %nt% t/e +ar be)el an* HAU
may be re2uire*-
Similar '%nsi*erati%ns may apply in t/e r%%t area relate* t% m%nit%rin( %+ (ui*an'e ban* %++set-
To& techni*ue
4*4 I*eally t/e time (ate start s/%ul* be at least 1 s pri%r t% t/e time %+ arri)al %+ t/e lateral ,a)e. an* s/%ul*
at least e:ten* up t% t/e +irst ba'& ,all e'/%- !e'ause m%*e '%n)erte* e'/%es 'an be %+ use in i*enti+yin(
*e+e'ts. it is re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e time (ate als% in'lu*es t/e time %+ arri)al %+ t/e +irst m%*e '%n)erte* ba'&
,all e'/%-
4*# As a minimum re2uirement. t/e time (ate s/all at least '%)er t/e *ept/ re(i%n %+ interest-
4*5 @/ere a smaller time (ate is appr%priate. it ,ill be ne'essary t% *em%nstrate t/at t/e *e+e't *ete'ti%n
'apabilities are n%t impaire*-
$apping channels
4*& T/e mappin( '/annels s/all en'%mpass t/e HAU an* t/e t%tal ,el* )%lume *e*i'ate* t% t/e trans*u'er
%r +%'al la,-
D 8** Rec!r"ing %hresh!l"
Threshold level
8*) It s/all be )eri+ie* t/at t/e t/res/%l* le)el. base* %n *ata +r%m t/e A8T system 2uali+i'ati%n. is set l%,
en%u(/ t% *ete't t/e minimum /ei(/t 'riti'al *e+e't i*enti+ie* in t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria Csee Subse'ti%n H#004-
8*4 T/e t/res/%l* le)els s/all in any 'ase n%t be set /i(/er t/an re2uire* in t/e +%ll%,in(-
8*8 T/e re'%r*in( t/res/%l* +%r +usi%n J%ne '/annels s/all be at least > *! m%re sensiti)e t/an t/e re+eren'e
re+le't%r. unless a *i++erent sensiti)ity is re2uire* +%r *ete'ti%n %+ in*i'ati%ns *epen*in( up%n t/e siJe %+
re+le't%rs use* an* t/e appli'able a''eptan'e 'riteria-
8*4 T5& techni*ue T/e re'%r*in( t/res/%l* +%r T%FD is n%t re'%mmen*e* t% be '/an(e* +r%m t/e
'alibrati%n t/res/%l*- H%,e)er. a '/an(e %+ t/res/%l* may be pres'ribe* in t/e pr%'e*ure-
$apping channels
8*# T/e re'%r*in( t/res/%l* +%r mappin( '/annels s/all be at least 1; *! m%re sensiti)e t/an t/e re+eren'e
re+le't%r si(nal-
D 4** D7na$ic cali6ra%i!n
etection channels
4*) @it/ t/e system %ptimise*. t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'& s/all be s'anne*- T/e p%siti%n a''ura'y %+ t/e re'%r*e*
re+le't%rs relati)e t% ea'/ %t/er s/all be ,it/in " mm. an* ,it/ respe't t% t/e Jer% start ,it/in 10 mm-
4*4 F%r all p/ase* array +%'al la,s %r trans*u'ers t/e re'%r*in( me*ia s/all in*i'ate t/e re2uire* per'enta(e
%+ FSH an* l%'ate si(nals +r%m ea'/ 'alibrati%n re+le't%r in its '%rre'tly assi(ne* p%siti%n- T/e %)ertra'e s/all
be in a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e re2uirements (i)en in t/e A8T pr%'e*ure-
%oupling monitor channels
4*8 T/e '%uplin( m%nit%r '/annels s/all in*i'ate n% l%ss %+ return si(nal as re2uire* by t/e pr%'e*ure-
D #** Rec!r"ing !+ se%-'( "a%a
#*) Su++i'ient *ata s/all be re'%r*e* %n a Sset-up s/eetT t% enable a *upli'ati%n %+ t/e %ri(inal set-up at any
sta(e *urin( +iel* inspe'ti%n-
As a minimum t/e PRB. t/e si(nal t% n%ise CSIN4 rati%. t/e stan*-%++ *istan'e +%r ea'/ trans*u'er. an* settin(s
+%r (ate start an* (ate len(t/ +%r ea'/ '/annel s/all be re'%r*e*-
#*4 T/e 'alibrati%n 2uali+i'ati%n '/art s/all be use* as t/e inspe'ti%n 2uality stan*ar* t% ,/i'/ subse2uently
pr%*u'e* 'alibrati%n '/arts may be Gu*(e* +%r a''eptability- T/is re'%r*in( s/all be &ept ,it/ t/e system B%(
!%%&- F%r p/ase* array e2uipment als% t/e i*enti+ie* set-up Ce:e'utable +%'al la, pr%(ramme4 use* s/all be
re'%r*e*-
#*8 In a**iti%n t% t/e 2uali+i'ati%n '/art re2uire* ab%)e. any '/an(es in t/e *ata re'%r*s ma*e in a''%r*an'e
,it/ D=01 ab%)e s/all be re'%r*e*-
T/e Sset-up s/eetT s/all a+ter *ynami' 'alibrati%n in'lu*e as a minimum0
1 PRB an* t/e si(nal t% n%ise CSIN4 rati% +%r ea'/ trans*u'er
1 t/e stan*-%++ *istan'e +%r ea'/ trans*u'er an* ali(nment %+ tan*em trans*u'ers
1 t/e settin(s +%r (ate start an* (ate len(t/ +%r ea'/ '/annel
1 t/e (ain t% be a**e* t% any '/annel *urin( +iel* e:aminati%n
1 +ilterin( settin(s. ,/en appli'able
1 t/e %r*er %+ transmitters an* re'ei)ers
1 'alibrati%n bl%'& i*enti+i'ati%n-
E. Fiel" ;ns(ec%i!n
E )** ;ns(ec%i!n re<'ire$en%s
General re*uirements
)*) T/e ultras%ni' system use* +%r e:aminati%n *urin( pr%*u'ti%n s/all in all essential aspe'ts be in
'%mplian'e ,it/ t/e set-up an* '%n+i(urati%n %+ t/e system use* +%r system 2uali+i'ati%n Csee Subse'ti%n H4-
ocumentation
)*4 T/e +%ll%,in( *%'umentati%n s/all be a)ailable at t/e pla'e %+ +iel* e:aminati%n0
An A8T system *%ssier +%r ea'/ %peratin( A8T system in'lu*in( per+%rman'eI'/ara'teristi's *ata an*
i*enti+i'ati%n %+ at least0
1 pulserIre'ei)er
1 trans*u'ers
1 umbili'al
1 en'%*er
1 s%+t,are )ersi%n an* e:e'utable +%'al la, pr%(rammes C,/en appli'able4
1 %t/er essential e2uipment-
An A8T system spare parts *%ssier in'lu*in(0
1 per+%rman'eI'/ara'teristi's *ata an* i*enti+i'ati%n %+ essential spare parts-
A 'alibrati%n bl%'& re(ister in'lu*in(0
1 t/e *%'umentati%n +%r ea'/ 'alibrati%n bl%'&. in'lu*in( spares. as re2uire* by !=1#-
An A8T pers%nnel 2uali+i'ati%n *%ssier in'lu*in(0
1 'erti+i'ates +%r all A8T pers%nnel-
An A8T pr%'e*ures *%ssier in'lu*in(0
1 A8T pr%'e*ures t% be applie*
1 A8T system '/e'& an* maintenan'e instru'ti%ns
1 ,%r& instru'ti%ns +%r A8T pers%nnel-
A**iti%nal in+%rmati%n in'lu*in(0
1 %t/er NDT pr%'e*ures
1 A8T an* NDT a''eptan'e 'riteria-
)*8 T/e A8T system *%ssier s/all be up*ate* ,/en '/an(es %+ partsI'%mp%nents are ma*e an* s/all at all
times re+le't t/e 'urrent '%n+i(urati%n %+ t/e A8T system in use-
T/e A8T system spare parts *%ssier s/all be up*ate* ,/ene)er partsI'%mp%nents are repla'e* %r ne, partsI
'%mp%nents arri)e an* s/all at all times re+le't t/e number %+ spares a)ailable-
System #og -oo.
)*4 T/e System B%( !%%& s/all be &ept at t/e pla'e %+ inspe'ti%n. an* be ma*e a)ailable +%r re)ie, up%n
re2uest-
T/e system l%( b%%& s/all be '%ntinu%usly up*ate* an* at least in'lu*e t/e +%ll%,in( in+%rmati%n0
1 set-up *ata as re2uire* in D=00
1 t/e 'alibrati%n 2uali+i'ati%n '/artCs4
1 repla'ement %+ main '%mp%nents ,it/ spares +r%m st%'&
1 repla'ement %+ 'alibrati%n bl%'&
1 results +r%m %perati%nal '/e'&s
1 results %+ peri%*i'al )eri+i'ati%ns Clinearity '/e'&s. 'alibrati%n bl%'& ,ear. element )eri+i'ati%n +%r p/ase*
array trans*u'ers et'-4
)*# Har* '%py re'%r*in(s +%r ea'/ 'alibrati%n s'an Can* p/ase* array set up +ile. i+ appr%priate4 s/all be
in'lu*e* se2uentially ,it/ t/e ,el* inspe'ti%n '/arts- T/e last ,el* number e:amine* be+%re 'alibrati%n an*
t/e time at ,/i'/ t/e 'alibrati%n ,as per+%rme* s/all appear %n ea'/ 'alibrati%n '/art-
Pre( e"amination tests
)*5 !e+%re t/e ultras%ni' system is use* +%r +iel* e:aminati%n %+ pr%*u'ti%n ,el*s t/e system s/all be teste*-
A+ter 'alibrati%n %+ t/e '%mplete system usin( t/e appli'able Sset-up s/eetT parameters. t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&
s/all be s'anne*- I+ any %+ t/e e'/% amplitu*es +r%m t/e re+le't%rs %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'& *e)iate m%re t/an "
*! +r%m t/e initial 'alibrati%n. '%rre'ti%ns s/all be ma*e-
T/e system s/all n%t be use* until = su''essi)e satis+a't%ry s'ans are %btaine*-
T/e t%tal n%ise le)el +r%m trans*u'er. material in'lu*in( ,el*. ele'tr%ni's an* any %t/er s%ur'es s/all n%t
e:'ee* t/e sin(le %utput representin( t/e smallest all%,able 'riti'al +la,-
At least %ne s'an s/all be per+%rme* ,it/ t/e s'annin( sur+a'e ,ipe* *ry- T/e '%uplin( m%nit%r '/annels s/all
in*i'ate l%ss %+ return si(nal as re2uire* by t/e pr%'e*ure-
In a**iti%n. a p%,er +ailure s/all be simulate* an* %perati%n %+ t/e system %n t/e alternati)e p%,er s%ur'e ,it/
n% l%ss %r '%rrupti%n %+ e:aminati%n *ata s/all be )eri+ie*-
;erification of %alibration
)*& T/e 'alibrati%n %+ t/e system s/all be )eri+ie* by s'annin( t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'& be+%re an* a+ter
inspe'ti%n %+ ea'/ ,el*- T/e (ain a**e* t% any '/annel +%r +iel* e:aminati%n s/all be rem%)e* *urin(
)eri+i'ati%n s'ans-
)*2 I+ a(ree*. t/e +re2uen'y %+ 'alibrati%n s'ans may be re*u'e* t% a minimum %+ 1 s'an +%r ea'/ 10
'%nse'uti)e ,el*s- I+ a 'alibrati%n +ails. t/e pre'e*in( ,el*s '%untin( ba'& t% last a''eptable 'alibrati%n s/all
be re-inspe'te*-
)*: T/e )eri+i'ati%n s'ans s/all n%t s/%, amplitu*e '/an(es in any '/annel %utsi*e [ " *! +r%m t/e re+eren'e
'alibrati%n '/art Csee D=014-
))* T/e pea& si(nal resp%nses +r%m ea'/ )eri+i'ati%n s'an s/all be re'%r*e*- Any (ain '/an(es re2uire* t%
maintain t/e PRB in t/e set-up s/eet Csee D=0"4 s/all be re'%r*e*-
Re(calibration
))) T/e system s/all be re-'alibrate* an* a ne, re+eren'e 'alibrati%n '/art s/all be establis/e* a''%r*in( t%
Subse'ti%n D i+ a )eri+i'ati%n s'ans s/%,s amplitu*e '/an(es in any '/annel %utsi*e [ " *! +r%m t/e re+eren'e
'alibrati%n '/art %r i+ (ain '/an(es %utsi*e [ " *! are re2uire* t% maintain t/e PRB in t/e set-up s/eet-
))4 T/e system s/all als% be re-'alibrate* an* a ne, re+eren'e 'alibrati%n '/art an* a ne, set-up s/eet
establis/e*0
1 at any '/an(e %+ 'alibrati%n bl%'&
1 at any '/an(e %+ n%minal ,all t/i'&ness
1 at any '/an(e %+ '%mp%nents. trans*u'ers. ,e*(es %r a+ter resur+a'in( %+ trans*u'ers
1 be+%re an* a+ter e:aminati%n %+ repairs. i+ system is %utsi*e initial t%leran'es
1 a+ter any a*Gustments t% s'anner /ea* %r trans*u'ers
1 a+ter any '/an(e in t/e %r*er %+ transmitters an* re'ei)ers an* +ilterin( settin(s-
6eld identification
))8 Ea'/ ,el* s/all be numbere* in t/e se2uen'e use* in t/e pipe tra'&in( system-
))4 T/e startin( p%int +%r ea'/ s'an s/all be 'learly mar&e* %n t/e pipe an* t/e s'an *ire'ti%n s/all be 'learly
mar&e* usin( an arr%,- I+ t/e s'annin( *ire'ti%n is '/an(e* +r%m t/e re(ular *ire'ti%n. t/is s/all be n%te* %n
t/e re'%r*s %+ t/e s'an-
E 4** O(era%i!nal chec0s
4*) Operati%nal '/e'&s s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% a *%'umente* pr%'e*ure- T/e e:e'uti%n %+ an* t/e
results %+ t/e %perati%nal '/e'&s s/all be re'%r*e* in t/e system l%( b%%&-
4*4 T/e +%ll%,in( %perati%nal '/e'&s s/all be per+%rme* +%r e)ery ,el* inspe'te*0
1 re+eren'e line s/all be ,it/in re2uire* t%leran'e an* 'learly mar&e* ar%un* t/e pipe 'ir'um+eren'e
1 t/e s'annin( sur+a'e s/all be +ree %+ ,el* spatter an* %t/er t/at may inter+ere ,it/ t/e m%)ement %+
trans*u'ers
1 p/ysi'al *ama(e an* l%%se '%nne'ti%ns in t/e ban*- ban* p%siti%n s/all be ,it/in a t%leran'e %+ ma:imum
[ 1-0 mm
1 t/e pipe sur+a'e temperature an* t/e *i++eren'e bet,een 'alibrati%n bl%'& temperature an* pipe temperature
s/all be ,it/in t/e re2uire* t%leran'e-
4*8 T/e +%ll%,in( %perati%nal '/e'&s s/all be per+%rme* *aily %r at least %n'e per s/i+t0
1 t/e s'anner /ea* s/all be '/e'&e* +%r p/ysi'al *ama(e an* l%%se '%nne'ti%ns
1 t/e be)el prepare* at t/e be)ellin( stati%n s/all be %+ t/e spe'i+i' ,el* be)el (e%metry. *imensi%ns an*
t%leran'es s/%,n %n t/e *ra,in(s %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'& in use
1 t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'& in use s/all be '/e'&e* +%r p/ysi'al *ama(e an* s'annin( tra'&s
1 trans*u'ers s/all n%t be r%'&in( in t/e s'anner an* s/all be in +irm '%nta't ,it/ t/e s'annin( sur+a'e- t/e
trans*u'ers s/all be +irmly s're,e* %nt% t/e ,e*(es- t/e trans*u'er ,ear +a'es C,e*(es4 s/all be '/e'&e*
+%r s'%res ,/i'/ may 'ause l%'al l%ss %+ '%nta't
1 t/e trans*u'er stan*-%++ *istan'e s/all be as re'%r*e* in t/e set-up s/eet ,it/in [ 0-= mm
1 t/e p%siti%n a''ura'y %+ t/e '/art *istan'e mar&ers s/all be s/all be 1 'm %r better-
4*4 Ot/er %perati%nal '/e'&s su'/ as linearity '/e'&s an* trans*u'er element )eri+i'ati%n '/e'&s C,/en
appli'able4 an* +iel* maintenan'e s/all be per+%rme* a''%r*in( t% t/e A8T system '/e'& an* maintenan'e
instru'ti%ns-
G'i"ance n!%eF
/e'&in( %+ trans*u'er an(les may re2uire a 'ust%m ma*e bl%'& sin'e t/e stan*ar* V1 bl%'& may n%t be ,i*e en%u(/
t% in'lu*e t/e 'arbi*e tips *urin( '/e'&s an* *ue t% t/at t/e (ap bet,een t/e V1 bl%'& an* trans*u'ers ,it/ ra*iuse*
sur+a'es ,ill be t%% lar(e +%r a*e2uate '/e'&s-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*# A )eri+i'ati%n s'an s/all be per+%rme* pri%r t% resumin( inspe'ti%n a+ter t/e %perati%nal '/e'&s re2uire*
in E"0# an* any +iel* maintenan'e- T/e )eri+i'ati%n s'an s/all meet t/e re2uirements (i)en in E10H-
I+ ne'essary. a re-'alibrati%n s/all be per+%rme* an* a ne, re+eren'e 'alibrati%n '/art s/all be establis/e*
a''%r*in( t% Subse'ti%n D-
E 8** A"A's%$en%s !+ %he AUT s7s%e$
8*) A*Gustments t% t/e A8T system %t/er t/an '%rre'tin( *e)iati%ns +r%m t/e 2uali+ie* set-up s/eet
+%ll%,in( %perati%nal '/e'&s an* maintenan'e s/all n%t be per+%rme*- Fine a*Gustments t% t/e sensiti)ity
settin(s by '/an(in( t/e (ain settin(s t% %ptimise t/e pea& si(nal resp%nse t% a''%mm%*ate me'/ani'al ,ear
'an be ma*e ,it/in a ,in*%, %+ [ 1-0 *!-
8*4 Pra'ti'es su'/ as '/an(in( trans*u'er an(les by li+tin( trans*u'er +r%nt an* ba'& by a*Gustin( %+
'arbi*es. '/an(in( stan*-%++ *istan'es an* '/an(in( t/e %r*er %+ transmitterIre'ei)ers et'- are n%t permitte*-
E 4** Acce(%ance cri%eria
4*) A''eptan'e 'riteria appli'able +%r aut%mate* ultras%ni' testin( CA8T4 %+ pipeline (irt/ ,el*s e:p%se* t%
t%tal n%minal strains M0-;L are (i)en in Table E-1- It is n%t appli'able t% -6n pipes an* l%, all%y steel
subGe'te* t% s%ur ser)i'e '%n*iti%ns- T/e A8T system s/all be 2uali+ie* a''%r*in( t% t/is appen*i:- T/e
a''eptan'e 'riteria %+ Table E-1 assumes a /ei(/t siJin( a''ura'y ,it/in [1 mm. as e)aluate* a''%r*in( t%
'lause H#0"- T/e a''eptan'e 'riteria %+ Table E-1 are t/ere+%re %nly )ali* as l%n( as t/e /ei(/t siJin( a''ura'y
is *%'umente* t% be ,it/in [1mm up%n t/e 2uali+i'ati%n- T/e inspe'ti%n t/res/%l* is re'%mmen*e* set at ;0L
FSH +%r pulse e'/% J%nes- In a**iti%n. 'lause H#01 s/all be satis+ie* +%r ma:imum a''eptable *e+e't /ei(/ts
spe'i+ie* in Table E-1-
4*4 F%r A8T system use* +%r inspe'ti%n %+ (irt/ ,el*s in pipelines %+ *uple: stainless steel. RA an* 'la*I
line* materials. a pr%bability %+ reGe'ti%n %+ F=L at a H=L '%n+i*en'e le)el %r /i(/er s/all be *%'umente*
t/r%u(/ t/e 2uali+i'ati%n +%r *e+e'ts in t/e r%%t %+ /ei(/ts smaller t/an 1-0 mm. '%nsi*erin( t/e applie* A8T
reGe'ti%n 'riteria +%r r%%t *e+e'ts-
Ta6le E-) Acce(%ance cri%eria +!r a'%!$a%e" 'l%ras!nic %es%ing !+ gir%h 1el"s
-ase material efect location )cceptance criteria
14 "4 #4 ;4
In*i)i*ual *e+e't in*i'ati%ns
6a:imum a''umulate* len(t/ %+ *e+e't
in*i'ati%ns in any #00 mm ,el* len(t/
-6n an* l%, all%y
steels
>.F4
R%%t
Hei(/t0 t/e lesser %+ ,el* pass /ei(/t an* 0-" t.
but ma:- # mmO Ben(t/0 t. but ma:- "= mm
=4
Sur+a'e
Embe**e*
<4
but ma:- # mmO Ben(t/0 "t. but ma:- =0 mm
Duple: stainless steel.
RAs an* 'la*Iline*
steel
R%%t
H4
8p t% # mm +r%m insi*e sur+a'e. an* up t%
1-= mm ab%)e 'la*Iliner t/i'&ness +%r 'la*I
line* steel
Hei(/t0 ma:- 1 mm. t/e lesser %+ a t/ir* %+ 'la*I
liner t/i'&ness an* 1 mm +%r 'la*Iline* steelO
Sur+a'e
but ma:- # mmO Ben(t/0 t. but ma:- "= mm
Embe**e*
<4
At least # mm +r%m insi*e sur+a'e. an* at
least 1-= mm ab%)e 'la*Iliner t/i'&ness +%r
'la*Iline* steel
but ma:- # mmO Ben(t/0 "t. but ma:- =0 mm
ra'&s are n%t permitte*-
P%r%sity0
A''umulate* len(t/ %+ p%r%sity si(nals e:'ee*in( "0L FSH amplitu*e in t/e )%lumetri' '/annels0 F%r sin(le layer
,el*s0 1-=L %+ t/e +ull 'ir'um+erential len(t/. +%r multi layer ,el*s ,it/ t M 1= mm "L %+ t/e +ull 'ir'um+erential len(t/.
+%r multi layer ,el*s ,it/ t 1= mm #L %+ t/e +ull 'ir'um+erential len(t/- SIs%late*T p%res are separate* by m%re t/an
= times t/e *iameter %+ t/e lar(est p%re-
N%tes0
14 V%lumetri' *e+e'ts separate* by less t/an t/e len(t/ %+ t/e smallest *e+e't %r *e+e't (r%up s/all be '%nsi*ere* as %ne imper+e'ti%n-
"4 Planar *e+e'ts intera'ti%n s/all be assesse* a''%r*in( t% t/e 'riteria %+ !S <H10- Intera'tin( planar *e+e'ts s/all be attribute*
e2ui)alent *e+e't *imensi%ns a''%r*in( t% !S <H10. an* t/e e2ui)alent *e+e'ts s% %btaine* s/all meet t/e ab%)e a''eptan'e
'riteria-
#4 Dete'table imper+e'ti%ns are n%t permitte* in any interse'ti%n %+ ,el*s-
;4 Systemati' imper+e'ti%ns t/at are *istribute* at re(ular *istan'es %)er t/e len(t/ %+ t/e ,el* are n%t permitte* e)en i+ t/e siJe %+
=4 A''eptan'e 'riteria %+ Table D-; s/all als% be satis+ie*-
>4 T/is table is n%t appli'able +%r -6n an* l%, all%y steels in s%ur ser)i'e-
<4 I+ an embe**e* *e+e't is l%'ate* 'l%se t% a sur+a'e. su'/ t/at t/e li(ament /ei(/t is less t/an /al+ t/e *e+e't /ei(/t. t/e li(ament
/ei(/t bet,een t/e *e+e't an* t/e sur+a'e s/all be in'lu*e* in t/e *e+e't /ei(/t. an* t/e *e+e't s/all be '%nsi*ere* as a r%%t %r
sur+a'e *e+e't. as appli'able-
F4 POD an* siJin( a''ura'y %+ t/e A8T system s/all be a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: E. 'lause E;01-
H4 T/e Pr%bability %+ ReGe'ti%n CP%R4 +%r a 1 mm /i(/ +la, s/all be 2uali+ie* t% be /i(/er %r e2ual t% F=L at H=L '%n+i*en'e le)el-
F. Re-e,a$ina%i!n !+ Wel"s
F )** General
)*) @el*s s/all be re-e:amine* ,/ene)er any %+ t/e +%ll%,in( %''ur0
Sensitivity
)*4 @el*s e:amine* at a sensiti)ity %utsi*e [ " *! +r%m t/e PRB s/all be re-e:amine*-
%oupling loss
)*8 @el*s e:/ibitin( a l%ss %+ a'%usti' '%uplin( %)er a 'ir'um+erential *istan'e ,/i'/ e:'ee*s t/e minimum
all%,able *e+e't len(t/ +%r t/e a++e'te* '/annel s/all be re-e:amine*- %uplin( l%ss in t,% a*Ga'ent J%nes at
t/e same p%siti%n re2uires re-e:aminati%n- In 'ases ,/ere t/e minimum all%,able *e+e't /ei(/t a''%r*in( t%
appli'able a''eptan'e 'riteria is smaller t/an t/e J%ne /ei(/t +%r t/e a++e'te* '/annel. t/e ,el* s/all be re-
e:amine*-
5ut of calibration
)*4 I+ a )eri+i'ati%n s'an s/%,s t/at t/e system is in any ,ay S%ut %+ 'alibrati%nT. all ,el*s e:amine* sin'e
t/e last su''ess+ul )eri+i'ati%n s'an s/all be re-e:amine*-
G. E-al'a%i!n an" Re(!r%ing
G )** E-al'a%i!n !+ in"ica%i!ns
)*) In*i'ati%ns +r%m ,el* imper+e'ti%ns s/all be e)aluate* a(ainst t/e *e+e't a''eptan'e 'riteria-
)*4 In*i'ati%ns s/all be e)aluate* +%ll%,in( t/e /ei(/t. *ept/ an* len(t/ siJin( met/%*%l%(y (i)en in t/e
A8T pr%'e*ure- All in+%rmati%n a)ailable s/all be use* in t/e e)aluati%n t% a)%i* un*ersiJin(. - an* e:'essi)e
%)ersiJin( %+ in*i'ati%ns-
)*8 In*i'ati%ns re'%r*e* +r%m s%ur'es %t/er t/an ,el* imper+e'ti%ns s/all be e)aluate*- T/eir nature s/all
be 'learly i*enti+ie* in t/e e:aminati%n rep%rt-
)*4 All e)aluati%ns s/all be '%mplete* imme*iately a+ter e:aminati%n %+ t/e ,el*-
G 4** E,a$ina%i!n re(!r%s
4*) T/e e:aminati%n results s/all be re'%r*e* %n a stan*ar* ultras%ni' rep%rt +%rm- T/e rep%rts s/all be ma*e
a)ailable %n a *aily basis %r %n *eman*-
4*4 T/e +%ll%,in( items are as a minimum t% be rep%rte* +%r ea'/ in*i'ati%n +%un* t% be n%t a''eptable0
1 pr%Ge't re+eren'e
1 pipeline i*enti+i'ati%n
1 ,el* i*enti+i'ati%nInumber
1 *ate
1 ultras%ni' pr%'e*ure number ,it/ ass%'iate* re)isi%n
1 'ir'um+erential p%siti%n %+ in*i'ati%n
1 /ei(/t. *ept/ an* len(t/ %+ in*i'ati%n
1 trans)erse l%'ati%n %+ *e+e'tsIin*i'ati%ns C8S. DS. entral4
1 ma:imum amplitu*e +%r ea'/ rep%rte* in*i'ati%n
1 in*i'ati%n type-
G 8** ;ns(ec%i!n rec!r"s
8*) T/e +%ll%,in( inspe'ti%n re'%r*s s/all be pr%)i*e*0
1 a /ar* '%py re'%r* %+ ea'/ ,el* e:amine*
1 an assessment %+ t/e ,el* 2uality a''%r*in( t% t/e a''eptan'e 'riteria
1 /ar* '%py re'%r*s %+ all 'alibrati%n s'ans
1 e:aminati%n *ata in ele'tr%ni' +%rm-
8*4 In lieu %+ /ar* '%py re'%r*s an alternati)e re'%r*in( me*ia is a''eptable- @/ere ,el* interpretati%n /as
been per+%rme* usin( *i(itally pr%'esse* si(nals. t/e *ata +iles s/all be st%re* an* ba'&e* up imme*iately
+%ll%,in(
t/e e:aminati%n %+ ea'/ ,el*- T/e st%re* *ata s/all be in t/e same +%rmat as use* by t/e %perat%r t% assess t/e
a''eptability %+ ,el*s at t/e time %+ e:aminati%n-
8*8 I+ a(ree*. a s%+t,are pa'&a(e an* %ne set %+ '%mpatible /ar*,are s/all be pr%)i*e* in %r*er t% all%, t/e
,el* *ata +ile t% be retrie)e* in t/e same manner as t/e %perat%r )ie,e* t/e *ata at t/e time %+ inspe'ti%n-
*pp., *utomated .ltrasonic +irth 9eld Testing - 0age '2'
H. E'ali+ica%i!n
H )** General
)*) T/e A8T system s/all be 2uali+ie* a''%r*in( t% DNV-RP-F11F +%r t/e appli'ati%ns it is inten*e* use*
+%r- T/e 2uali+i'ati%n s/all be base* %n t/e re2uire* per+%rman'e as i*enti+ie* by t/e re2uirements +%r
Pr%bability %+ Dete'ti%n CP%D4 an* siJin( abilityO %r. alternati)ely a re2uirement t% *e+e't reGe'ti%n-
)*4 T/e 2uali+i'ati%n is A8T system spe'i+i' an* s/all %nly be )ali* ,/en all essential )ariables remain
n%minally t/e same as '%)ere* by t/e *%'umente* 2uali+i'ati%n- T/is stan*ar* *%es n%t re2uire a ne,
2uali+i'ati%n t% be per+%rme* pr%)i*e* t/at t/e *%'umente* per+%rman'e i-e- P%D an* siJin( ability meets %r
e:'ee*s t/e re2uirements +%r t/e spe'i+i' appli'ati%n bein( '%nsi*ere*-
)*8 5uali+i'ati%n in)%l)es a te'/ni'al e)aluati%n %+ t/e A8T system an* appli'ati%n in 2uesti%n '%mbine*
,it/ any re2uire* pra'ti'al tests-
)*4 T/e 2uali+i'ati%n s/all be base* %n a *etaile* an* a(ree* 2uali+i'ati%n pr%(ramme. t/at '%)ers t/e
+%ll%,in(0
1 5uali+i'ati%n %bGe'ti)e. i-e- materials. ,el* pr%'ess. (r%%)e (e%metries an* per+%rman'e re2uirement CP%D
an* SiJin( a''ura'y4-
1 Details %+ trials t% establis/ an* *%'ument en)ir%nmental an* appli'ati%n relate* t%leran'es su'/ as
temperature '%nsisten'y. beam an* +%'al la, '%nsisten'y. me'/ani'al stability an* ele'tr%ni' inter+eren'e
sensiti)ity-
1 Details %+ reliability trials an* trial ,el*s-
)*# T/e a(ree* 2uali+i'ati%n pr%(ramme an* its implementati%n s/all be super)ise* an* en*%rse* by a
re'%(nise* an* '%mpetent in*epen*ent #r* party-
H 4** Sc!(e
4*) A 2uali+i'ati%n pr%(ramme s/all *%'ument t/e +%ll%,in(0
1 +ul+ilment %+ t/e re2uirements t% A8T systems a''%r*in( t% t/is Appen*i:
1 t/e repeatability %+ t/e A8T system un*er )ariable e:aminati%n '%n*iti%ns
1 t/e sensiti)ity %+ t/e A8T system t% t/e temperature %+ teste* %bGe'ts
1 t/e ability %+ t/e A8T system t% *ete't *e+e'ts %+ rele)ant types an* siJes in rele)ant l%'ati%ns
1 t/e a''ura'y in siJin( an* l%'atin( *e+e'ts-
H 8** Re<'ire$en%s
etection
8*) T/e *ete'ti%n ability %+ an A8T system s/all be *eeme* su++i'ient i+ t/e pr%bability %+ *ete'tin( a *e+e't
%+ t/e smallest all%,able /ei(/t *etermine* by an En(ineerin( riti'al Assessment CEA4 %r by %t/er
'%nsi*erati%ns is H0L s/%,n at a H=L '%n+i*en'e le)el Ci-e- a H0LVH=L P%D4-
Si,ing accuracy
8*4 SiJin( a''ura'y s/all be establis/e* *urin( t/e 2uali+i'ati%n pr%(ramme- F%r t/is purp%se it is re2uire*
t% *em%nstrate t/e a''ura'y %)er t/e ran(e %+ e:pe'te* *e+e't siJes- !ase* %n t/e *etermine* siJin( err%rs. t/e
un*er siJin( err%r t%leran'es (i)in( less t/an %r e2ual t% =L pr%bability %+ un*er siJin( s/all be *etermine*
an* use* in relati%n t% any EA spe'i+ie* *e+e't siJes-
N% spe'i+i' t%leran'e is re2uire* +%r %)er siJin( %+ in*i'ati%ns- O)er siJin( %+ in*i'ati%ns s/%ul* /%,e)er be
,it/in reas%nable limits sin'e e:'essi)e %)ersiJin( ,ill result in unne'essary repairs *urin( pipeline
'%nstru'ti%n- A systemati' %)er siJin(. i-e- %)er siJin( %n a)era(e. %+ 0-F mm %r ab%)e s/all lea* t%
in)esti(ati%ns an* '%rre'ti)e a'ti%ns t% re*u'e t/e %)er siJin( in t/e a++e'te* parts %+ t/e A8T set-up-
ReTection
8*8 T/e *ete'ti%n 'riteri%n %+ H#01 an* t/e un*ersiJin( t%leran'e spe'i+ie* in H#0" may be '%mbine* int%
%ne reGe'ti%n 'riteri%n0 T/ere s/all be m%re t/an F=L pr%bability %+ reGe'tin( a *e+e't. ,/i'/ is n%t a''eptable
a''%r*in( t% *etermine* EA 'riteria- T/is s/all be s/%,n at a H=L '%n+i*en'e le)el. i-e- a Pr%bability %+
ReGe'ti%n CP%R4 %+ F=LVH=L is re2uire*- T/is reGe'ti%n 'riteri%n appr%a'/ may be pre+erable ,/en t/e t,% step
pr%'ess *ete'ti%n-siJin( is n%t +%ll%,e*. e-(- ,/en a''eptan'e %r reGe'ti%n is base* *ire'tly %n e'/% amplitu*es.
%r s%lely %n A8T rep%rte* *e+e't siJes-
8*4 T/e A8T system s/all be *eeme* un2uali+ie* +%r its purp%se ,it/ respe't t% EA *etermine* n%n-
a''eptable *e+e'ts i+ it is n%t p%ssible t% *%'ument a*e2uate *ete'ti%n an* siJin( abilities a''%r*in( t% H#01
an* H#0". %r a*e2uate reGe'ti%n abilities a''%r*in( t% H#0#-
H 4** Daria6les
4*) Variables. ,/i'/ must be ta&en int% a''%unt *urin( a 2uali+i'ati%n. in'lu*e. but are n%t ne'essarily
limite* t%0
1 ,el*in( met/%* an* (r%%)e (e%metry
1 ,el*in( '%nsumables
1 base material CDistin'ti%n is ma*e %n materials ,it/ substantially *i++eren'es in ultras%ni' resp%nse. +%r
instan'e bet,een 6n. 1#L r. *uple: %r austeniti' steels4-
1 ,all t/i'&ness limitati%ns
1 pipe *iameter limitati%ns
1 temperature '%nsisten'y
1 r%%t an* 'ap '/annels trans*u'er set-up
1 trans*u'er set-up +%r %t/er '/annels Ct/e number %+ t/ese '/annels may be in'rease* %r *e'rease* pr%)i*e*
t/ere are n% set-up '/an(es4
1 +%'al la, *esi(n pr%'e*ure CP/ase* array pr%bes %nly4
1 re+eren'e re+le't%rs
1 system. *ata a'2uisiti%n an* *ata treatment
1 s%+t,are )ersi%n Ce:'ept '/an(es a++e'tin( )ie,in( %r *isplay %nly4-
1 A8T %perat%rIinterpreter trainin( an* 2uali+i'ati%n-
H #** E'ali+ica%i!n (r!gra$$e
General
#*) A +ull 2uali+i'ati%n pr%(ramme +%r a spe'i+i' appli'ati%n %+ an A8T system ,ill in (eneral '%mprise t/e
+%ll%,in( sta(es0
14 Re)ie, %+ t/e te'/ni'al *%'umentati%n %+ t/e A8T system
"4 Re)ie, %+ t/e %peratin( met/%*%l%(y +%r t/e A8T system
#4 Re)ie, %+ t/e 2uality assuran'e system +%r *e)el%pment. )eri+i'ati%n. maintenan'e an* %perati%n %+ t/e
A8T system-
;4 Re)ie, %+ a)ailable per+%rman'e *ata +%r t/e A8T system-
=4 E)aluati%n an* '%n'lusi%ns base* %n t/e in+%rmati%n ma*e a)ailable-
>4 I*enti+i'ati%n an* e)aluati%n %+ si(ni+i'ant parameters an* t/eir )ariability-
<4 Plannin( an* e:e'uti%n %+ a repeatability test pr%(ramme. see H<0= an* H<0>-
F4 Plannin( an* e:e'uti%n %+ a temperature sensiti)ity test pr%(ramme. see H<0< an* H<0F-
H4 Plannin( an* e:e'uti%n %+ a reliability test pr%(ramme. see H<0H an* H<10-
104 D%'umentati%n %+ results +r%m t/e repeatability an* reliability test pr%(rammes-
114 Re+eren'e in)esti(ati%ns by supplementary NDT an* *estru'ti)e testin(-
1"4 E)aluati%n %+ results +r%m repeatability. temperature sensiti)ity an* *ete'ti%n ability an* siJin( a''ura'y
trials-
#*4 T/e e:tent %+ t/e 2uali+i'ati%n pr%(ramme ,ill re+le't t/e ran(e +%r ,/i'/ t/e A8T system is inten*e*
t% be use*. as *es'ribe* in t/e (eneral A8T pr%'e*ure-
#*8 Pra'ti'al tests %+ t/e A8T system is a re2uirement- In+%rmati%n pertainin( t% t/ese pra'ti'al tests is (i)en
in H<00-
F%r a +ull 2uali+i'ati%n /ist%ri'al 2uali+i'ati%n *ata. in '%mplian'e t% t/e re2uirements %+ se'ti%ns H>00 an*
H<00. 'an be utilise* i+ t/ese *ata 'an be 'learly i*enti+ie* an* supp%rte* ,it/ all rele)ant *%'umentati%n-
H%,e)er t/e minimum am%unt %+ ne, *ata s/all at least represent =0L %+ t/e t%tal minimum re2uire*
2uali+i'ati%n %bser)ati%ns a''%r*in( t% H>0;- It s/all be n%te* t/at %n'e un*er(%ne a +ull 2uali+i'ati%n. t/e
results are )ali* as /ist%ri'al *ata +%r use a''%r*in( t% t/is stan*ar* %n similar '%n+i(urati%n. ,it/ re+eren'e t%
I101- Vali*ity +%r spe'i+i' '%n+i(urati%ns 'an be *%'umente* t/r%u(/ )ali*ati%n s'%pes in'lu*in( a limite*
number %+ *e+e'ti)e ,el*s an* *e+e'ts i+ *eeme* rele)ant-
H 5** Tes% 1el"s
5*) 5uali+i'ati%n testin( s/all be per+%rme* usin( test ,el*s '%ntainin( intenti%nally in*u'e* *e+e'ts typi'al
%+ t/%se e:pe'te* t% be present in ,el*s pr%*u'e* ,it/ t/e ,el*in( met/%*s t% be use*- T/e pre+erre* met/%*
+%r see*in( intenti%nal +la,s are by )aryin( ,el*in( pr%'ess parameters t% in*u'e natural +la,s- H%,e)er.
ED6 n%t'/ te'/ni2ue may substitute <0L %+ t/e t%tal number %+ +la,s in ea'/ +la, (r%up- Re+ tables E-". E-#
an* E-;- Hen'e a minimum %+ #0L natural +la,s s/all be part %+ t/e *ata p%pulati%n-
5*4 T/e material an* t/e ,el* (e%metry s/all be as +%r t/e a'tual use %+ t/e e2uipment- 6in%r )ariati%ns t%
+%r instan'e t/e ,el* r%%t (r%%)e. ,/i'/ are re(ar*e* irrele)ant in relati%n t% t/e A8T system. may be
a''eptable-
I+ repair ,el*s are t% be '%)ere* by t/e 2uali+i'ati%n. a representati)e sele'ti%n %+ t/ese s/%ul* als% be in'lu*e*-
5*8 T/e intenti%nally intr%*u'e* *e+e'ts s/all )ary in len(t/. /ei(/t an* l%'ati%n- T%% 'l%se spa'in( an*
sta'&in( %+ t/e *e+e'ts s/all be a)%i*e*- I+ a POD analysis s/all be per+%rme*. it is re2uire* als% t% in'lu*e
siJes. ,/i'/ are smaller t/an. %r ar%un* t/%se e:pe'te* usin( anti'ipate* A8T t/res/%l* settin(s- I+ a POR
analysis s/all be per+%rme*. *e+e'ts %+ )erti'al siJes bel%, t/e reGe'ti%n t/res/%l* is re2uire*-
5*4 As a minimum "H *e+e'ts. %r ultras%ni'ally in*epen*ent parts %+ *e+e'ts. is re2uire* +%r ea'/ (r%up %+
*e+e'ts- 8ltras%ni'ally in*epen*ent parts %+ *e+e't are t/%se se)eral beam ,i*t/s apart- In %r*er t% s/%,
su++i'ient *ete'ti%n ability CH0L POD4 at t/e re2uire* '%n+i*en'e le)el CH=L4 t/e number %+ *e+e'ts an* t/eir
)ariati%n in *e+e't types an* l%'ati%n is re+eren'e* in tables E-". E-# an* E-;-
5*# T/e l%'ati%ns ,/ere *e+e'ts ,ere intenti%nally in*u'e* s/all be re'%r*e*- T/e presen'e an* siJes %+ t/e
in*u'e* *e+e'ts in t/e test ,el*s s/all be '%n+irme*- F%r t/is purp%se t/e test ,el*s s/all be subGe't t%
supplementary NDT- Supplementary NDT may en'%mpass in*epen*ent semi aut%mati' PA8TITOFD systems
%r I8T- Sur+a'e te'/ni2ues are re'%mmen*e*- T/e re+eren'e p%int +%r all testin( s/all be t/e same an* s/all be
in*i'ate* by /ar* stampin( %n t/e test ,el*s- T/e te'/ni2ues use* +%r t/is testin( s/all be %ptimise* +%r t/e
,el* (e%metries in 2uesti%n-
5*5 T/e rep%rt s/all i*enti+y t/e i*enti+ie* *e+e'ts +r%m t/e supplementary NDT in t/e test ,el*s ,it/ respe't
t% 'ir'um+erential p%siti%n. len(t/. an* /ei(/t- T/e rep%rt s/all be &ept '%n+i*ential-
Ta6le E-4 N'$6er !+ "eli6era%e +la1s +!r GMAW > (re( 1el"s
efect type group 4o of &laws %omment
R%%t "H C<Y4 I+ r%%t '/annels an* HPIra*ius '/annels are uni2ue it may be p%ssible t%
'%mbine +la,s +r%m r%%t an* HP an* re*u'e t/e t%tal n% in t/is area-
HPIra*ius "H C>Y4
Fill "H C<Y4
ap "H C<Y4 T/is +la, (r%up s/all als% en'%mpass subsur+a'e +la,s ,it/ b%tt%m part
ma:imum = mm +r%m sur+a'e
u " u type +la,s s/all n%t be in'lu*e* in P%D analyses but are in'lu*e* t%
*em%nstrate *ete'ti%n an* re'%(niti%n
Inter run " C1Y4 Inter run +la,s s/all n%t be in'lu*e* in P%D analyses but are in'lu*e* t%
luster p%r%sity " C1Y4 luster p%r%sity +la,s s/all be ma*e as small as p%ssible an* t/en in t/e
upper re(i%ns %+ t/e 'r%ss se'ti%n- luster p%r%sity s/all n%t be in'lu*e* in
t/e P%D analyses but are in'lu*e* t% *em%nstrate *ete'ti%n an* re'%(niti%n-
T%tal 6in N% %+ Fla,s 1"" C"HY4 Re+ R%%tIHP '%mment
Y Number %+ *e+e'ts +%r pr%Ge't spe'i+i' A8T pr%'e*ure )ali*ati%n-
Ta6le E-8 N'$6er !+ "eli6era%e +la1s +!r SAW M (re( 1el"s
U%ne 1 D ap "H CHY4 U%ne 1 D is en'%mpassin( t/e 'r%ss se'ti%n +r%m D 'ap t% t%p %+ P re(i%n-
T/is (r%up s/all in'lu*e sur+a'e brea&in( +la,s an* min 10 sub sur+a'e
+la,s ,it/ b%tt%m part ma:imum = mm +r%m PIr%%t
U%ne " P Cr%%t4 "H CHY4 Fla,s s/all be l%'ate* at t/e 'r%ss penetrati%n in'lu*in( areas ,/ere a s/i+t
in (r%%)e (e%metry is ma*e- Fla,s t% be ma*e %n t/e P. bel%, an* %)er
P
U%ne # ID ap Internal
,el*
"H CHY4 T/is J%ne s/all in'lu*e sur+a'e an* sub sur+a'e +la,s
luster p%r%sity " C"Y4 luster p%r%sity s/all be in'lu*e* +%r *em%nstrati%n an* re'%(niti%n %nly-
N%t be in'lu*e* in P%D analyses-
T%tal 6in N% %+ Fla,s H1 C"HY4
H &** E'ali+ica%i!n %es%ing
&*) T/e testin( *es'ribe* in t/e +%ll%,in( is re2uire* +%r a +ull 2uali+i'ati%n- I+ )ali*ati%n testin( is
per+%rme*. t/e testin( an* *%'umentati%n re2uirements (i)en s/all apply as appli'able t% t/e a'tual testin(
per+%rme*-
&*4 T/e test ,el*s s/all be subGe'te* t% testin( by t/e A8T system-
F%r testin(. a l%, e'/% amplitu*e re'%r*in( t/res/%l* s/all be use*- T/is t/res/%l* s/%ul* be sele'te*
s%me,/at ab%)e t/e n%ise le)el- P%D analysis ,ill *etermine t/e a'tual *ete'ti%n 'apability an* s/all be
e:presse* as t/e smallest *ete'table +la, /ei(/t at H0IH=L P%D at t/e a(ree* rep%rtin( t/res/%l*-
&*8 T/e re+eren'e p%int +%r 'ir'um+erential p%siti%nin( s/all be a /ar* stampe* %n t/e test ,el*s-
&*4 T/e A8T system s/all be set-up. 'alibrate* an* subGe't t% test runs be+%re startin( t/e +%rmal
2uali+i'ati%n-
Repeatability testing
&*# T/e testin( s/all in'lu*e0
1 %ne initial s'an %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'& in t/e /%riJ%ntal C=34 p%siti%n
1 minimum 10 s'ans %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&Cs4 ,it/ t/e 'entre %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&Cs4 in t/e 1" %N'l%'&
an* > %N'l%'& p%siti%ns
1 i+ rele)ant +%r t/e appli'ati%n %+ t/e A8T system. series %+ # '%nse'uti)e s'ans s/all be repeate* ,it/ t/e
'alibrati%n bl%'&Cs4 in t/e )erti'al C"34 p%siti%n an*I%r in t/e ;=j C>34 p%siti%n-
1 minimum # s'ans %+ a *e+e'ti)e ,el* ,it/ t/e ban* %++set 1 mm t% t/e DS si*e
1 minimum # s'ans %+ a *e+e'ti)e ,el* ,it/ t/e ban* %++set 1 mm t% t/e 8S si*e
1 T/e *e+e'ti)e ,el* sele'te* +%r t/e ban* %++set s'ans s/all in'lu*e at least > *e+e'ts. an* '%ntain at least 1
*e+e't in ea'/ t/e 'ap. r%%t an* +ill areas-
&*5 All s'ans s/all be (i)en a uni2ue number an* t/e *%'umentati%n %+ t/e test s'ans s/all in'lu*e0
1 /ar* '%py an* ele'tr%ni' %utput %+ all s'ans
1 a table +%r repeatability test s'ans s/%,in( +%r ea'/ s'an t/e ma:imum amplitu*e resp%nse %+ ea'/
trans*u'er t% its *e*i'ate* 'alibrati%n re+le't%r an* t/e *e)iati%n +%r ea'/ s'an +r%m t/e initial 'alibrati%n
s'an-
Temperature sensitivity testing
&*& Typi'al test ,el*s '%ntainin( at least > 'learly i*enti+iable an* *istin't A8T in*i'ati%ns ea'/ s/all be
use* +%r s'annin( ,it/ t/e pipe a:is in t/e /%riJ%ntal p%siti%n-
T/e test ,el*s s/all a+ter t/e initial s'ans be /eate* t% t/e ele)ate* temperature e:pe'te* *urin( +iel* ,%r& an*
maintaine* at t/is temperature *urin( s'annin(- T/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&Cs4 s/all be &ept at en)ir%nmental
temperature %r be /eate* t% an a(ree* temperature an* maintaine* at t/is temperature *urin( s'annin(-
Ta6le E-4 N'$6er !+ "eli6era%e +la1s +!r SMAWHFCAW D (re( 1el"s
R%%t "H CHY4 T/is (r%up s/all in'lu*e +la,s e:ten*in( int% HP
Fill "H CHY4 T/is (r%up assumes la'& %+ si*e ,all +usi%n %r sla( entrapment l%'ate* %n
be)elI,el* metal transiti%n
ap "H CHY4 T/is +la, (r%up s/all als% en'%mpass subsur+a'e +la,s ,it/ b%tt%m part
ma:imum = mm +r%m sur+a'e
Sla(IIn'lusi%n ,el*
'entre line
; C1Y4 Fla,s t% be l%'ate* at t/e ,el* 'entreline- N%t t% be in'lu*e* +%r POD
analyses but +%r *em%nstrati%n %+ *ete'ti%n an* re'%(niti%n-
Inter run COnly i+
*eeme* rele)ant +%r
,el* pr%'ess4
" Inter run +la,s s/all n%t be in'lu*e* in t/e POD analyses but are in'lu*e*
t% *em%nstrate *ete'ti%n an* re'%(niti%n-
luster p%r%sity " C1Y4 luster p%r%sity s/all be ma*e as small as p%ssible an* t/en in t/e upper
part %+ t/e 'r%ss se'ti%n- luster p%r%sity s/all n%t be in'lu*e* in t/e P%D
analyses. but are in'lu*e* t% *em%nstrate *ete'ti%n an* re'%(niti%n-
T%tal 6in N% %+ Fla,s H1 C"HY4
T/e testin( s/all in'lu*e0
1 %ne initial s'an %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&
1 %ne initial s'an %+ t/e n%n-/eate* ,el*
1 %ne s'an %+ t/e /eate* test ,el* imme*iately +%ll%,e* by a s'an %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&Cs4
1 ,it/in = minutes repeat %ne s'an %+ t/e /eate* test ,el* imme*iately +%ll%,e* by a s'an %+ t/e 'alibrati%n
bl%'&Cs4- Repeat t/is se2uen'e +%r at least 1= 'y'les-
I+ t/e A8T system s/%,s una''eptable temperature sensiti)ity t/e test 'an be repeate* ,it/ a(ree* *i++erent
test '%n*iti%ns-
&*2 All s'ans s/all be (i)en a uni2ue number an* t/e *%'umentati%n %+ t/e test s'ans s/all in'lu*e0
1 /ar* '%py an* ele'tr%ni' %utput %+ all s'ans
1 a table +%r t/e temperature sensiti)ity test s'ans s/%,in( t/e ma:imum amplitu*e resp%nse +%r ea'/
i*enti+ie* in*i'ati%n +%r ea'/ s'an-
etection ability and si,ing accuracy testing
&*: T/e test ,el*s s/all be s'anne* ,it/ t/e pipe a:is /%riJ%ntal- I+ t/e A8T system s/all be 2uali+ie* +%r
s'annin( ,it/ t/e pipe a:is )erti'al. t/e testin( s/all be per+%rme* in t/is p%siti%n %nly %r in b%t/ p%siti%ns-
T/e s'annin( *ire'ti%ns i*enti+ie* as 'l%'&,ise %r '%unter 'l%'&,ise C@ %r @4 s/all be /ar* stampe* %n
t/e test ,el*- T/e 'alibrati%n bl%'& s/all be in t/e least +a)%urable p%siti%n as *etermine* by t/e repeatability
testin(- See H<0=- T/e ,el*s s/all be s'anne* an* all in*i'ati%ns ab%)e *e+ine* t/res/%l*s s/all be e)aluate*-
T/e testin( s/all in'lu*e0
1 %ne initial s'an %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&
1 %ne s'an %+ t/e test ,el* in t/e @ *ire'ti%n
1 %ne s'an %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&Cs4
1 %ne s'an %+ t/e test ,el* in t/e @ *ire'ti%n
1 %ne s'an %+ t/e 'alibrati%n bl%'&Cs4
1 assessment an* siJin( %+ in*i'ati%ns-
1 S'ans per+%rme* by se)eral teams %+ %perat%rs s/all be present in t/e +inal *ata material +r%m t/e reliability
trials- It is re'%mmen*e* t/at t/e +ull test pr%(ramme *es'ribe* ab%)e s/%ul* be per+%rme* t,i'e. ,it/ t,%
in*epen*ent sets %+ %perat%rs-
&)* All s'ans s/all be (i)en a uni2ue number in*i'atin( ,el* number. t/e s'an se2uen'e an* t/e s'annin(
*ire'ti%n an* t/e *%'umentati%n %+ t/e test s'ans s/all in'lu*e0
a4 /ar* '%py an* ele'tr%ni' %utput %+ all s'ans
b4 *e+e'tIin*i'ati%n number ,it/ re+eren'e t% siJin( met/%* an* +%r ea'/ *e+e'tIin*i'ati%n t/e *imensi%ns0
1 'ir'um+erential p%siti%n
1 len(t/
1 /ei(/t
1 *ept/ t% b%tt%m %+ in*i'ati%n
1 trans)erse l%'ati%n %+ *e+e'tsIin*i'ati%ns C8S. DS. Central44
1 ma:imum amplitu*e +%r ea'/ s'an an* )ariati%ns in ma:imum amplitu*e bet,een s'ans
1 main A8T J%ne
1 *e+e't type-
It may +urt/er be re2uire* t% rep%rt /ei(/t. l%'ati%n. *ept/ an* e'/% amplitu*e at 'ertain a**iti%nal l%'al *e+e't
p%siti%ns Csee als% H>0#4-
In a**iti%n t/e +%ll%,in( in+%rmati%n s/all be pr%)i*e*0
1 ,el* i*enti+i'ati%n
1 pipe material
1 pipe t/i'&nessI*iameter
1 ,el*in( met/%*
1 (r%%)e (e%metry
1 'alibrati%n bl%'& *%'umentati%n-
;erification of coupling alarm settings
&)) S'ans s/all be per+%rme* %n *i++erent test ,el*s- T/e '%uplant +l%, s/all be re*u'e* an* t/e sur+a'e
,ipe* *ry bet,een s'ans until t/e '%uplin( alarm le)elI'%uplin( m%nit%r '/annels in*i'ates l%ss %+ return
si(nal- T/e le)el at ,/i'/ t/e '%uplin( alarmI '%uplin( m%nit%r '/annels in*i'ates l%ss %+ return si(nal s/all
be re'%r*e*- T/e +inal le)el +%r '%uplin( alarm I'%uplin( m%nit%r '/annels settin(s s/all be at least ; *! l%,er
t/an t/e re'%r*e* )alue-
H 2** Re+erence "es%r'c%i-e %es%ing
2*) T/e rep%rts +r%m t/e A8T 2uali+i'ati%n testin( s/all be )ali*ate* +%r a''ura'y in t/e *eterminati%n %+
*e+e't 'ir'um+erential p%siti%n. len(t/. /ei(/t an* *ept/ by re+eren'e *estru'ti)e testin(-
2*4 T/e testin( s/all be by 'r%ss-se'ti%nin(. pre+erably by t/e Ssalami met/%*T. by ma&in( m%re 'r%ss-
se'ti%ns ar%un* ea'/ l%'ati%n '/%sen- T/e *e+e'ts as rep%rte* in t/e A8T rep%rts s/all be use* ,/en sele'tin(
t/e areas +%r 'r%ss se'ti%nin(-
In a**iti%n. l%'ati%ns ,/ere t/e A8T s/%,s in*i'ati%ns near t/e a(ree* rep%rtin( t/res/%l* le)el. l%'ati%ns
,/ere in*i'ati%ns are i*enti+ie* by t/e supplementary NDT Csee H>0=4. l%'ati%ns ,/ere intenti%nally in*u'e*
*e+e'ts ,as planne* but n%t rep%rte* an* ran*%mly '/%sen l%'ati%ns s/all be in'lu*e*-
2*8 6ar&-up %+ ,el*s s/%ul* be per+%rme* usin( t/e A8T s'anner- Ea'/ p%siti%n +%r a 'r%ss se'ti%n s/%ul*
pre+erably be /ar* stampe* 'l%se t% t/e ,el* 'ap. '%nsistently at t/e same si*e C8S %r DS4 +%r t/e ,/%le ,el*-
r%ss se'ti%n in*i'ati%n number an* 'l%'&,ise s'annin( p%siti%n s/%ul* be /ar* stampe* +%r ea'/ p%siti%n-
2*4 T/e 'r%ss se'ti%ns s/all be re+eren'e* t% an* )ali*ate* a(ainst t/e re'%r*in( '/art p%siti%ns-
2*# T/e ,el* se'ti%ns '%ntainin( *e+e'ts s/all be ma'/ine* in in'rements %+ ma:imum "-0 mm- Ea'/
ma'/ine* 'r%ss se'ti%n %+ t/e ,el* s/all be p%lis/e* ,it/ F00 (rit an* et'/e* an* t/e *e+e't l%'ati%n. /ei(/t
an* *ept/ measure* ,it/ a''ura'y better t/an 0-1 mm-
2*5 Ea'/ 'r%ss se'ti%n s/all be *%'umente* by a p/%t%(rap/ ,it/ = - 10: ma(ni+i'ati%n. an* t/e p/%t%(rap/
s/all in'lu*e0
1 @el* number
1 Spe'imen number
1 De+e'tIin*i'ati%n number
1 ir'um+erential p%siti%n
1 8S an* DS si*e %+ t/e ,el*
1 A millimetre re+eren'e s'ale-
2*& T/e e:tent %+ ma'r% se'ti%nin( s/all in'lu*e0
1 F%r *eterminati%n %+ *ete'ti%n an* siJin( 'apabilities t/e p%siti%n %+ a 'learly *e+ine* l%'al %r t%tal
ma:imum /ei(/t %+ t/e *e+e't. as *e+ine* by A8T. s/all be sele'te* +%r SsalamiT 'r%ss se'ti%nin(-
1 Areas ,/ere t/e A8T s/%,s in*i'ati%ns near %r bel%, t/e a(ree* rep%rtin( t/res/%l* le)el s/all be sele'te*
+%r se'ti%nin(-
1 Areas ,it/ sin(le *e+e't in*i'ati%ns at ,el* be)el s/%ul* be pre+erre* as 'r%ss se'ti%n p%siti%ns- Sta'&e*
*e+e'ts s/%ul* be a)%i*e*-
1 Areas %+ uni+%rm *e+e't /ei(/t s/%ul* be t/e pre+erre* p%siti%ns +%r 'r%ss se'ti%nin(-
1 De+e'ts +r%m ea'/ %+ t/e main *e+e't (r%ups a''%r*in( t% Tables E1-E# Ci-e- r%%t. +ill. 'ap. )%lumetri'4 s/all
be ma'r% se'ti%ne* at en*s +%r len(t/ siJin( a''ura'y e)aluati%n- 6a'r% se'ti%nin( s/all start at least = mm
+r%m ea'/ en* %+ t/e *e+e't as *e+ine* by A8T an* t/e appli'able re'%r*in( t/res/%l*. an* '%ntinue until
n% in*i'ati%n %+ t/e *e+e't 'an be +%un* at t/e ma'r%-
1 I+ t/e supplementary NDT in*i'ates presen'e %+ *e+e'ts n%t i*enti+ie* in t/e A8T rep%rts. t/ese areas s/all
als% be sele'te* +%r se'ti%nin(-
1 Areas ,it/%ut any %bser)ati%ns +r%m supplementary NDE %r A8T s/all be ran*%mly subGe't t% se'ti%nin(-
I+ I8T /as been per+%rme* t/is re2uirement 'an be %mitte*-
H :** Anal7sis
Repeatability
:*) T/e *ata +r%m t/e repeatability test pr%(ramme s/all be analyse* ,it/ respe't t% system repeatability an*
stability- T/e ma:imum *e)iati%ns in amplitu*e +r%m ea'/ re+eren'e re+le't%r bet,een t/e initial s'an an*0
1 t/e s'ans per+%rme* ,it/ ea'/ 'alibrati%n bl%'& p%siti%n
1 t/e s'ans per+%rme* ,it/ t/e ban* %++set
1 t/e s'ans per+%rme* ,it/ rem%)al an* resettin( %+ t/e ban*-
s/all be *etermine*-
T/e a''eptable )ariati%n in amplitu*e %n repeate* 'alibrati%n bl%'& s'ans is [ " *!- F%r ban* %++set s'ans %n
*e+e'ti)e ,el*s. t/e )ariati%ns in siJe* *e+e't /ei(/ts s/all n%t e:'ee* t/e siJin( a''ura'y establis/e* *urin(
t/e 2uali+i'ati%n-
Temperature sensitivity
:*4 T/e *ata +r%m t/e temperature sensiti)ity test pr%(ramme s/all be analyse* ,it/ respe't t% t/e in+luen'e
%+ temperature buil*-up in t/e trans*u'ers %)er time- T/e ma:imum )ariati%ns in amplitu*e +r%m ea'/ sele'te*
in*i'ati%n bet,een t/e initial s'an an* t/e s'ans per+%rme* ,it/ /eate* test ,el* an* ,it/ %r ,it/%ut %r /eate*
'alibrati%n bl%'&s s/all be *etermine*-
!ase* up%n an a''eptable )ariati%n in amplitu*e %+ [ " *! %r in /ei(/t siJin( n%t e:'ee*in( t/e siJin( a''ura'y
*eri)e* at t/e analysis *es'ribe* in para(rap/ HH0#. t/e analysis s/all *etermine t/e0
1 a''eptable ma:imum temperature %+ ,el*s
1 t/e sum %+ trans*u'er ina'ti)e time %n ,el* an* s'annin( time
1 t/e minimum time bet,een s'annin( %+ /%t ,el*s
1 t/e ma:imum temperature *i++eren'e bet,een ,el* an* 'alibrati%n bl%'&-
etection ability and si,ing accuracy
:*8 T/e *ata re'%r*e* *urin( t/e tests an* re+eren'e in)esti(ati%ns s/all be analyse* ,it/ respe't t%0
1 a''ura'y in /ei(/t siJin( Cran*%m an* systemati' *e)iati%n. an* =L +ra'tile4
1 a''ura'y in len(t/ siJin(
1 a''ura'y in 'ir'um+erential p%siti%nin( I l%'ati%n
1 A8T *e+e't '/ara'terisati%n abilities '%mpare* t% t/e results %+ t/e *estru'ti)e tests an* t/e %t/er NDT per+%rme*
1 as rele)ant. *eterminati%n %+ P%DIP%R )alues %r 'ur)es +%r *i++erent assume* e'/% amplitu*e %r %t/er
empl%ye* t/res/%l* settin(s t% *etermine t/e t/res/%l* t% be use* *urin( e:aminati%n-
:*4 T/e analysis s/all be per+%rme* by re'%(nise* an* appli'able statisti'al met/%*s. e-(- a''%r*in( t%
N%r*test NT Te'/n- Rep%rt #H; C3ui*elines +%r NDE Reliability Determinati%n an* Des'ripti%n. Appr%)e*
1HHF-0;4- T/e %missi%n %+ any rep%rte* in*i'ati%n in t/e analysis s/all be Gusti+ie*-
H )*** Re(!r%ing
)**) A 2uali+i'ati%n rep%rt s/all as a minimum '%ntain0
1 a te'/ni'al *%'umentati%n %+ t/e A8T system
1 %ut'%me %+ t/e te'/ni'al e)aluati%n %+ t/e A8T system a''%r*in( t% t/is Appen*i:
1 *es'ripti%n %+ t/e spe'imens an* tests per+%rme*. in'lu*in( sensiti)ities use*
1 *e+initi%ns %+ t/e essential )ariables Csee I"004 +%r t/e ,el*s an* e2uipment use* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n
testin(
1 *ata re'%r*e* +%r ea'/ *e+e't an* ea'/ *e+e't 'r%ss-se'ti%n CsiJes. l%'ati%ns. types. measure* an*
*etermine* *urin( re+eren'e in)esti(ati%n. e'/% amplitu*es4
1 %ut'%me %+ t/e analysis %+ *ata CHH004
1 '%n'lusi%n %+ t/e 2uali+i'ati%n-
;. 9r!Aec% S(eci+ic AUT 9r!ce"'re Dali"a%i!n
; )** Sc!(e
)*) Pr%Ge't spe'i+i' A8T pr%'e*ure )ali*ati%n s/all be per+%rme* in %r*er t% *em%nstrate t/at t/e pr%Ge't
spe'i+i' A8T pr%'e*ure 'an a''%mplis/ t/e 2uali+ie* per+%rman'e 'apabilities- T/e pr%Ge't spe'i+i' A8T
)ali*ati%n s/all n%rmally %nly '%mprise t/e reliability aspe'ts pr%)i*e* t/at all essential )ariables remain
,it/in reas%n e2ui)alent t% ,/at /as been 2uali+ie*- T/e reliability aspe't s/all n%t in'lu*e any ne, P%D
analysis-
T/e )ali*ati%n s'%pe s/all '%mprise ,el*s ,it/ at least "H *eliberately in*u'e* *e+e'ts A re*u'e* s'%pe %+
)ali*ati%n may be a(ree* +%r ,el*s e:p%se* t% n%minal strains M 0-;L. but s/all '%mprise at least 1" *e+e'ts.
in'lu*in( " %bser)ati%ns +%r ea'/ (r%up Cr%%t. +ill. 'ap an* )%lumetri'4-
A pr%Ge't spe'i+i' A8T pr%'e*ure )ali*ati%n s/all '%nsist %+ t/e +%ll%,in( minimum a'ti)ities0
1 Re)ie, %+ pr%Ge't spe'i+i' A8T pr%'e*ure in'lu*in( any pertainin( ITP. 'al bl%'& *esi(n rep%rts C@PS4.
A8T set up +iles an* pr%Ge't spe'i+i' A8T a''eptan'e 'riteria in'lu*in( supp%rtin( EA %r +ati(ue rep%rts-
1 A '%mplian'e assessment %+ t/e pr%p%se* pr%Ge't spe'i+i' A8T pr%'e*ure an* A8T system 2uali+i'ati%n
results an* pre re2uisites-
1 Veri+i'ati%n %+ /ar*,are an* s%+t,are in'lu*in( 'alibrati%n bl%'& +abri'ati%n t%leran'es-
1 Veri+i'ati%n %+ A8T set up %n rele)ant 'alibrati%n bl%'&-
1 Re)ie, *eliberately in*u'e* *e+e't ,el* plan an* )eri+y t/at ,el*s are ma*e ,it/ rele)ant pr%'ess an*
(e%metries-
1 Per+%rm supplementary NDT as per 'lause H>0=-
1 Per+%rm A8T inspe'ti%n %n *eliberately in*u'e* *e+e't ,el*s
1 Per+%rm ,el* e)aluati%n at rele)ant interpretati%nIrep%rtin( t/res/%l*. rep%rt *e+e't /ei(/t. *ept/ an* len(t/-
1 Sele't minimum "H ultras%ni'ally in*epen*ent areas +%r ma'r% )ali*ati%n testin( an* per+%rm ma'r%
se'ti%nin( an* rep%rtin(-
; 4** Assess$en%
4*) T/e per+%rman'e re2uirement i-e A8T system 'apabilities in terms %+ P%D an* siJin( a''ura'y s/all be
)eri+ie* a*e2uate in relati%n t% t/e smallest all%,able ,el* *e+e't permitte* by eit/er EAI+ati(ue analysis
*eri)e* a''eptan'e 'riteria %r %t/er 2uality stan*ar* *es'ripti%n- I+ t/e A8T system per+%rman'e results as
'%n'lu*e* in t/e A8T system 2uali+i'ati%n are n%t in '%mplian'e ,it/ t/e pr%Ge't spe'i+i' *eman*s t/en t/is
situati%n s/all lea* t% a ne, 2uali+i'ati%n as per t/is *%'ument-
T/e pr%Ge't spe'i+i' A8T pr%'e*ure s/all be )eri+ie* a(ainst t/e )ali*ity ran(e an* pre re2uisites state* in t/e
A8T system 5uali+i'ati%n- Reas%nable Gu*(ment s/all be ma*e t% min%r )ariati%ns n%t *eeme* t% impa't %n
P%D an* SiJin(-
A8T e2uipment in'lu*in( s'anner me'/ani's. pr%beItrans*u'er arraysItypes an* pulser type s/all be
essentially e2ui)alent as use* *urin( 2uali+i'ati%n- S%+t,are up(ra*es n%t impa'tin( %n *ata '%lle'ti%n %r
si(nal pr%'essin( are permitte*- /an(es s/all be *%'umente*-
T/e pr%p%se* A8T set up s/all be )eri+ie* %n t/e pr%Ge't spe'i+i' 'alibrati%n bl%'&- 8ltras%ni' resp%nses +r%m
re+le't%rs s/all be a'/ie)e* in an e2ui)alent manner as empl%ye* *urin( A8T system 2uali+i'ati%n-
T/e number %+ test ,el*s '%ntainin( *eliberately in*u'e* *e+e'ts s/all be su++i'ient t% ensure t/at a minimum
%+ "H representati)e *e+e'ts *istribute* as per tables E1. E" an* E# 'an be %btaine*- T/e *e+e'ts s/all e:/ibit
*imensi%ns %n %r 'l%se t% t/e smallest all%,able *e+e't as per t/e pr%Ge't spe'i+i' a''eptan'e 'riteria-
Per+%rman'e %+ t/e A8T s'annin( s/all be '%n*u'te* at ambient temperature unless %t/er,ise a(ree* an* at
pr%Ge't spe'i+i' rep%rtin( t/res/%l* in '%mplian'e ,it/ pre re2uisites (i)en by t/e A8T system 5uali+i'ati%n
rep%rt- S'annin( s/all be per+%rme* ,it/ n%minal ban* settin( unless %t/er,ise a(ree*- Re)erse s'annin( s/all
be per+%rme* unless %t/er,ise a(ree*- All rele)ant A8T in*i'ati%ns e:'ee*in( n%ise le)el s/all be rep%rte* %n
a suitable +%rmat '%ntainin( all rele)ant si(nal in+%rmati%n-
A minimum %+ "H ultras%ni'ally in*epen*ent l%'ati%ns s/all be sele'te* +%r )ali*ati%n testin( by ma'r%
se'ti%nin( in a''%r*an'e t% se'ti%n = %+ t/is *%'ument- T/e sele'ti%n 'riteria s/all be as +%ll%,s0
De+e't in*i'ati%ns e:/ibitin( *imensi%ns e2ui)alent %r lar(er t/an t/e A8T system P%D but smaller %r
e2ui)alent t% t/e pr%Ge't spe'i+i' smallest all%,able *e+e't as i*enti+ie* in t/e pr%Ge't spe'i+i' a''eptan'e
'riteria a*Guste* +%r siJin( a''ura'y-
One )%lumetri' in*i'ati%n s/all be in'lu*e* +%r )eri+i'ati%n-
A summary rep%rt '%ntainin( all '%lle'te* *ata s/all be prepare* an* a '%mparis%n bet,een supplementary
NDT. A8T an* ma'r% se'ti%n *ata s/all be ma*e- E)aluati%n %+ siJin( a''ura'y a''%r*in( t% 'lause H#0" s/all
be per+%rme*-
T/e purp%se %+ t/e )ali*ati%n is n%t t% per+%rm a P%D analysis but t% )eri+y t/at t/e pr%Ge't spe'i+i' A8T
pr%'e*ure 'apability is a*e2uate +%r *ete'ti%n %+ t/e smallest pr%Ge't spe'i+i' 'riti'al *e+e't- T/is is %btaine*
by *em%nstratin( *ete'ti%n %+ all "H *e+e'ts an* t/at t/ese "H *e+e'ts /as been siJe* an* p%siti%ne* ,it/in t/e
2uali+ie* a''ura'y- I+ t/is is a'/ie)e*. t/e pr%Ge't spe'i+i' A8T pr%'e*ure is )ali*ate* an* s/all be a''epte*-
>. Dali"i%7 !+ E'ali+ica%i!n
> )** Dali"i%7
)*) A 2uali+i'ati%n is A8T system. ,el* met/%* an* (r%%)e (e%metry spe'i+i'-
8p%n su''ess+ul '%mpleti%n %+ t/e 2uali+i'ati%n s'%pe it is assume* t/at t/e A8T system ,ill remain 2uali+ie*
,it/in t/e ran(e %+ 2uali+i'ati%n +%r an in+inite time peri%* pr%)i*e* t/at t/e A8T system remains )irtually
un'/an(e*. i-e- ,it/ n% '/an(es t/at are Gu*(e* t% /a)e an impa't %n t/e per+%rman'e parameters-
> 4** Essen%ial -aria6les
4*) T/e +%ll%,in( essential )ariables apply0
1 ,el*in( met/%* an* (r%%)e (e%metry Cin'lu*in( repair ,el*s. i+ rele)ant4
1 r%%t an* 'ap trans*u'er set-up
1 ,all t/i'&ness C,all t/i'&ness )ariati%n re2uirin( any '/an(e in +%'al la, set up. a**in( %r rem%)in( le(s-
1 *iameter C*iameter )ariati%n re2uirin( trans*u'er 'ur)ature ,/i'/ may impa't %n len(t/ a''ura'y- Systems
2uali+ie* %n sample lar(er t/an 1"T may n%t be rea*ily 2uali+ie* %n smaller *iameter- !eam pr%+ile an*
e++e't %+ trans*u'er 'ur)ature s/all be *etermine*-
1 base material an* ,el*in( '%nsumables CT/e *istin'ti%n is ma*e %n materials ,it/ substantially *i++eren'es
in ultras%ni' resp%nse. +%r instan'e bet,een 6n. 1#L r. *uple: %r austeniti' steels-4
1 trans*u'er set-up +%r %t/er '/annels Ct/e number %+ t/ese '/annels may be in'rease* %r *e'rease* t%
a''%mm%*ate '/an(es in ,all t/i'&ness pr%)i*e* t/ere are n% set-up '/an(es4
1 +%'al la,s
1 re+eren'e re+le't%rs
1 ,%r&in( temperature ran(e
1 system. *ata a'2uisiti%n an* *ata treatment
1 s%+t,are )ersi%n Ce:'ept '/an(es a++e'tin( )ie,in(. *isplay %r bu(-+i:in( %nly4-
4*4 /an(es in t/e essential )ariables +%r an e:istin( 2uali+ie* system ,ill re2uire )ali*ati%n trials %+ t/e
m%*i+ie* system. in %r*er t% *em%nstrate )ali*ity %+ t/e 2uali+i'ati%n results- Vali*ati%n trials s/all be a''%r*in(
t% DNV-RP-F11F-
?. De%er$ina%i!n !+ Wa-e Del!ci%ies in 9i(e S%eels
? )** General
)*) T/e pr%'e*ure *e+ine* '%)ers met/%*s t/at may be use* t% *etermine a'%usti' )el%'ity %+ ultras%ni'
,a)es in linepipe steels- E2ui)alent met/%*s may be use* subGe't t% a(reement-
Binepipe use* in %il an* natural (as transmissi%n e:/ibit )aryin( *e(rees %+ anis%tr%py ,it/ )aryin( a'%usti'
)el%'ities *epen*in( %n t/e pr%pa(ati%n *ire'ti%n ,it/ resultant '/an(es in t/e re+ra'te* an(le %+ t/e s%un* in t/e
steel- T/is is espe'ially 'riti'al ,/ere +%'use* beams are use* +%r J%nal *is'riminati%n- It is t/us re2uire* t%
*etermine t/e ultras%ni' s/ear %r l%n(itu*inal Cas appr%priate4 ,a)e )el%'ity +%r pr%pa(ati%n in *i++erent *ire'ti%ns-
? 4** E<'i($en%
4*) T% *etermine t/e ,a)e )el%'ity Cs/ear %r '%mpressi%n4 *ire'ti%nal *epen*en'y an ultras%ni' ,a)e
trans*u'er %+ t/e same +re2uen'y use* in t/e inspe'ti%n ,it/ a 'rystal *iameter %+ > - 10 mm s/%ul* be use* in
'%mbinati%n ,it/ an ultras%ni' apparatus ,it/ ban*,i*t/ at least up t% 10 6HJ an* a re'%mmen*e* 'apability
%+ measurin( ultras%ni' pulse transit times ,it/ a res%luti%n %+ 10 ns an* an a''ura'y %+ "= ns- De)i'es +%r
measurin( me'/ani'al *imensi%n %+ t/e spe'imens s/%ul* /a)e a re'%mmen*e* a''ura'y %+ 0-1 mm- As
'%uplant an easily rem%)able (lue %r spe'ial /i(/ )is'%sity s/ear %r '%mpressi%n ,a)e '%uplant Cas
appr%priate4 is re'%mmen*e*-
? 8** S(eci$ens
8*) A spe'imen is 'ut +r%m a se'ti%n %+ pipe t% be teste* an* t/e '%rresp%n*in( results are spe'i+i' +%r a parti'ular
pipe *iameter. ,all t/i'&ness an* manu+a'turer- Spe'imen *imensi%ns s/%ul* be a minimum %+ =0 =0 mm-
A similar arran(ement 'an als% be use* +%r measurin( )el%'ities in a plane n%rmal t% pipe a:is-
Fig're )
Tes% s(eci$en an" %rans"'cer (lace$en%
A minimum %+ t/ree parallel sur+a'es are ma'/ine* +%r t/e plane t% be e)aluate*O %ne pair %+ sur+a'es is ma*e
in t/e ra*ial *ire'ti%n Cperpen*i'ular t% t/e D sur+a'e4 an* t/e %t/er pair ma*e "0] +r%m t/e perpen*i'ular t% t/e
D sur+a'e. see Fi(ure 1- A**iti%nal pairs %+ parallel sur+a'es may be ma'/ine* at %t/er an(les in t/e plane t%
be e)aluate* i+ m%re *ata p%ints are *esire*-
T/e ma'/ine* sur+a'es s/%ul* be sm%%t/ t% a "0 m +inis/ %r better- 6inimum ,i*t/ %+ t/e spe'imen sur+a'e
t% be measure* s/%ul* be "0 mm an* t/e minimum t/i'&ness bet,een t/e parallel sur+a'es t% be measure*
s/%ul* be 10 mm- Verti'al e:tent %+ t/e test sur+a'e ,ill be limite* by t/e pipe ,all t/i'&ness-
? 4** Tes% $e%h!"
4*) 8sin( t/e ma'/ine* sl%ts as re+le't%rs +%r t/e ,a)e pulses ,it/ t/e trans*u'er in t/e appr%priate p%siti%ns
an* measurin( t/e pulse transit times *etermines t%(et/er ,it/ t/e me'/ani'ally measure* pulse tra)ellin(
*istan'es t/e ,a)e )el%'ities in t/e a:ial an* "0] *ire'ti%n CFi(ure 14-
A similar measurement in t/e t/r%u(/ t/i'&ness *ire'ti%n *etermines t/e ra*ial )el%'ity- Pulse transit times
s/all be measure* bet,een t/e +%re+r%nt parts %+ 1
st
an* "
n*
ba'& ,all e'/%. %r. alternati)ely. usin( m%re
multiple e'/%es-
A minimum %+ t/ree rea*in(s s/all be ma*e +%r ea'/ plane in ,/i'/ testin( s/all be *%ne-
? #** Acc'rac7
Err%rs in )el%'ity *eterminati%n s/all n%t be (reater t/an "0 mIs-
? 5** Rec!r"ing
Values +%r t/e )el%'ities *etermine* 'an be tabulate* an* (rap/e*- !y pl%ttin( )el%'ities %n a t,% *imensi%nal
p%lar (rap/ +%r a sin(le plane. )el%'ities at an(les %t/er t/an t/%se ma*e *ire'tly 'an be estimate*-
T/e e++e't %+ temperature %n )el%'ity 'an be si(ni+i'ant un*er e:treme test '%n*iti%nsO t/ere+%re t/e
temperature at ,/i'/ t/ese rea*in(s /a)e been ma*e s/%ul* als% be re'%r*e*-
*pp.# /eAuirements for !hore *pproach and nshore !ections - 0age '3'
A99END;M F
REEU;REMENTS FOR SHORE A99ROACH AND ONSHORE SECT;ONS
A. A((lica%i!n
A )** O6Aec%i-e
)*) T/e %bGe'ti)e %+ t/is appen*i: is t% pr%)i*e t/e '%mplementary re2uirements t% t/e %ns/%re part %+ t/e
submarine pipeline system '%mpliant ,it/ t/e sa+ety p/il%s%p/y +%r t/e %++s/%re part- T/is appen*i: spe'i+ies
t/e re2uirements +%r *esi(n. '%nstru'ti%n an* %perati%n %+ parts %+ pipeline systems (%in( %ns/%re-
T/is appen*i: is meant t% ease t/e pr%Ge't e:e'uti%n %+ submarine pipeline *e)el%pments ,/ere parts are (%in(
%ns/%re-
G'i"ance n!%eF
A submarine pipeline system is *e+ine* t% en* at ,el* bey%n* t/e +irst +lan(eI)al)e %ns/%re %r t% t/e pi((in( terminal-
T/is implies t/at a. s%metimes si(ni+i'ant. part %+ t/e pipeline system 'an be l%'ate* %ns/%re- T/is part %+ t/e pipeline
system may /a)e *i++erent le(islati%ns. +ailure m%*es an* +ailure '%nse2uen'es '%mpare* t% t/e submarine part-
T/e e:a't limit %+ t/e submarine pipeline system at t/e %ns/%re en* may *i++er +r%m t/is *e+initi%n /erein base* %n
*i++erent statut%ry re(ulati%ns ,/i'/ may (%)ern-
Ons/%re '%*es may als% ta&e pre'e*en'e %+ t/is part *ue t% le(islati%n aspe'ts-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
)*4 T/e appen*i: als% '%)ers re2uirements t% s/%re appr%a'/-
A 4** Sc!(e an" li$i%a%i!n
4*) T/e limitati%ns +%un* in Se'-1 A#00 are in (eneral als% appli'able +%r t/is Appen*i:-
4*4 T/e %ns/%re se'ti%n is limite* by t/e *e+initi%n %+ submarine pipeline system-
4*8 T/is appen*i: *%es n%t '%)er re(ular %ns/%re pipelines. i-e- pipelines startin( an* en*in( %ns/%re n%t
/a)in( any submarine parts- Ri)er 'r%ssin(s %r 'r%ssin( %+ +res/ ,ater la&es are n%t '%nsi*ere* as submarine
se'ti%ns-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/is appen*i: is n%t meant t% repla'e 'urrent in*ustry pra'ti'e %ns/%re '%*es %r any nati%nal re2uirements-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 Spe'i+i' re2uirements +%r t/e %ns/%re parts (i)en in t/is appen*i: %)errule re2uirements (i)en else,/ere
in t/e stan*ar*-
A 8** O%her c!"es
8*) T/is Appen*i: is +ully ali(ne* ,it/ t/e re2uirements (i)en in ISO 1#>"#
G'i"ance n!%eF
ISO 1#>"# re2uires a spe'i+i' utilisati%n +%r lan*+all- A''%r*in( t% t/is '%*e t/e assessment %+ ris& ,ill '%nstitute
sele'ti%n %+ sa+ety 'lass +%r ea'/ spe'i+i' pipeline an* pipeline se'ti%ns- T/e sa+ety 'lass 'lassi+i'ati%n +%r a lan*+all
,ill n%rmally (i)e t/e same utilisati%n as re2uire* by ISO 1#>"# /%,e)er t/is *%es n%t al,ays nee* t% be t/e 'ase-
T/is implies t/at t/e utilisati%n in lan*+all may *i++er +r%m t/e ISO 1#>"# re2uirements an* 'are s/%ul* be ta&en ,/en
statin( '%mplian'e ,it/ ISO 1#>"# +%r a spe'i+i' pipeline *e)el%pment-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
8*4 Ons/%re pipelines are n%rmally re(ulate* by nati%nal re(ulati%ns an* '%)er a ,i*e ran(e %+ areas +r%m
publi' sa+ety. tra++i' an* r%a*s. ,ater ,ays. en)ir%nmental impa't. et'- S%me %+ t/ese re(ulati%ns may be
stri'ter t/an t/e re2uirements (i)en in t/is '%*e an* 'are s/all be e:er'ise* ,/en assurin( '%mplian'e ,it/
*i++erent nati%nal re(ulati%ns-
*pp.# /eAuirements for !hore *pproach and nshore !ections - 0age '31
Fig're )
Ma,i$'$ a((lica%i!n e,%en% !+ OS-F)*) 1i%h A((en"i, F
A 4** De+ini%i!ns
4*) -attery limit - t/e limit at ,/i'/ t/e s'%pe %+ ,%r& en*s- T/e battery limit 'an be *i++erent +%r *esi(ner.
installati%n '%ntra't%r. )eri+ier an* %perat%rs- N%rmally *e+ine* at as Qin'lu*in(N %r Qup t%N a 'ertain ,el*-
4*4 %ode brea. - t/e e:a't p%int at ,/i'/ t/e *esi(n '%*e '/an(e* +r%m submarine t% %ns/%re '%*e-
N%rmally *e+ine* at as Qin'lu*in(N %r Qup t%N a 'ertain ,el*- T/is is %+ten *e+ine* at t/e l%'ati%n %+ t/e +irst
+lan(e %r )al)e %ns/%re- N%te t/at t/is may *i++er base* %n *i++erent statut%ry re(ulati%ns-
4*8 &irst /or last0 valve onshore - )al)e separatin( t/e %++s/%re an* %ns/%re pipeline- O+ten t/e p%siti%n %+
t/e battery limit an* t/e '%*e brea&- O+ten an emer(en'y s/ut *%,n )al)es CESDV4
4*4 'solation Toint - a spe'ial '%mp%nent separatin( Cis%latin(4 t/e %++s/%re 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n +r%m t/e
%ns/%re 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n system an* installe* ,it/in t/e %ns/%re part %+ t/e %++s/%re pipeline- It is n%rmally
p%siti%ne* )ery 'l%se t% t/e lan*+all as t/e %++s/%re 'at/%*i' pr%te'tin( system /as limite* pr%te'ti%n
'apabilities ,/en t/e pipeline is n%t submer(e* in ,ater-
4*# #andfall - ,/ere t/e pipeline '%mes %n s/%re-
4*5 4ear shore - t/e transiti%n +r%m t/e %++s/%re pipeline t% t/e s/%re appr%a'/ area- O+ten n%t ,ell *e+ine*.
but 'an be t/e area in ,/ere t/e pipeline (%es +r%m layin( %n t/e sea-be* t% bein( p%siti%ne* in an %pen tren'/
t% ,/ere it is burie*- S%metimes t/e e:tent %+ t/e areas is *e+ine* by t/e rea'/ %+ t/e installati%n )essel %r
tren'/in( e2uipment. an* s%metimes t/is area is (i)en spe'ial attenti%n by t/e +is/in( in*ustry-
4*& 5nshore part of offshore pipeline - t/e +irst part %+ t/e pipeline %n s/%re- It is *istin't as t/e %++s/%re
*esi(n '%*e is still applie*. ,/ile t/e pipeline is n%t %++s/%re- T/e len(t/ is n%rmally s/%rt. up t% s%me
&il%metres-
4*2 5nshore pipeline - t/e pipeline %n s/%re +%ll%,in( %ns/%re '%*es an* n%rmally subGe't t% *i++erent
aut/%rity re(ulati%ns
4*: Right(of(way E '%rri*%r %+ lan* ,it/in ,/i'/ t/e pipeline %perat%r /as t/e ri(/t t% '%n*u't a'ti)ities in
a''%r*an'e ,it/ t/e a(reement ,it/ t/e lan* %,ner-
4)* Shore approach - t/e last part %+ t/e pipeline be+%re it '%mes %n s/%re- T/e nee* +%r buryin( t/e pipeline
in t/e s/%re appr%a'/ area s/%ul* be e)aluate* an* in'lu*e0
1 en)ir%nmental l%a*in( Cbrea&in( ,a)es. 'urrent an* ti*e4.
1 re2uirements t% a Q'lean bea'/N +%r re'reati%n.
1 s/ippin( a'ti)ity %r
1 pr%te'ti%n Cre*u'e* a''ess by #r* parties4-
3. Sa+e%7 9hil!s!(h7
3 )** General
)*) T/e *esi(n p/il%s%p/y +%r t/e s/%re appr%a'/ an* t/e %ns/%re pipeline s/all '%mply ,it/ Se'-"- T/is
implies t/at t/e '%nse2uen'es %+ +ailure Ce'%n%mi'al. en)ir%nmental an* /uman4 s/all be 2uanti+ie* by t/e
'%n'ept %+ sa+ety 'lass- T/e sa+ety 'lass s/%ul* be *etermine* by +lui* 'ate(%ry. l%'ati%n 'lass an* p/ase
C'%nstru'ti%n. %perati%n4 %+ t/e pipeline-
ffshore section
Nearshore section !hore approach
nshore section
;
s
o
l
a
t
i
o
n

B
o
i
n
t
#
i
r
s
t

:
o
r

l
a
s
t
<

v
a
l
v
e
*pplication of !"#$%$ with
*ppendi> #
)*4 T/e presen'e %+ pe%ple an* +a'ilities ne'essitates a +urt/er re+inement %+ t/e l%'ati%n 'lasses use*
%++s/%re- In /i(/ly p%pulate* areas t/e '%nse2uen'es may be m%re se)ere t/an +%r %++s/%re. re2uirin( a /i(/er
sa+ety 'lass. Very Hi(/-
T/ese '%mplementary issues are *es'ribe* in t/is sub-se'ti%n-
G'i"ance n!%eF
It s/%ul* be n%te* t/at ISO 1#>"# '%ntain e)en m%re strin(ent utilisati%n re2uirements t/an sa+ety 'lass Very Hi(/-
H%,e)er. as t/is '%*e is meant t% %nly '%)er %ns/%re parts %+ an %++s/%re pipeline system it is n%t +%reseen t/at su'/
a line ,ill be l%'ate* in areas ,it/ e)en /i(/er p%pulati%n *ensities-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
3 4** Sa+e%7 (hil!s!(h7
4*) T/e sa+ety p/il%s%p/y %utline* in Se'-" ! is appli'able +%r s/%re appr%a'/ an* %ns/%re se'ti%ns-
G'i"ance n!%eF
In parti'ular is it imp%rtant t% per+%rm a systemati' re)ie, %+ all /aJar*s t% i*enti+y '%nse2uen'es as t/ir* party
presen'e is m%re si(ni+i'ant %ns/%re-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*4 T/e 2uality assuran'e %utline* in Se'-" ! is appli'able +%r s/%re appr%a'/ an* %ns/%re se'ti%ns-
4*8 T/e /ealt/. sa+ety an* en)ir%nmental aspe'ts %utline* in Se'-" ! is appli'able +%r s/%re appr%a'/ an*
%ns/%re se'ti%ns als%-
3 8** E'an%i+ica%i!n !+ c!nse<'ence
8*) Flui*s s/all be 'ate(%rise* in line ,it/ Se'-" %+ t/is stan*ar*-
8*4 A l%'ati%n 'lass s/all be *etermine* +%r ea'/ part %+ t/e pipeline as s/%,n in Table F-1-
8*8 T/e p%pulati%n *ensity in Table F-1. e:presse* as t/e number %+ pers%ns per s2uare &il%metre. s/all be
*etermine* by layin( %ut J%nes al%n( t/e pipeline r%ute. ,it/ t/e pipeline in t/e 'entreline %+ t/is J%ne /a)in(
a ,i*t/ %+0
1 ;00 m +%r 'ate(%ry D +lui*s. an*
1 t% be *etermine* +%r 'ate(%ry E +lui* pipelines. but n%t less t/an ;00 m- T/e *eterminati%n s/all in'lu*e
t/e p%ssibility %+ )ery l%, temperature *urin( a lea&a(e %+ /i(/ pressure pipelines. (i)in( /i(/ *ensity (as
t/at may S+l%atT si(ni+i'ant *istan'e pri%r t% i(niti%n-
8*4 Hal+ t/e J%ne ,i*t/ s/all n%t be less t/an t/e e++e'ti)e *istan'e %+ +lui* release-
8*# T/e len(t/ %+ t/e J%nes s/all be 1-= &m an* l%'ate* at any l%'ati%n al%n( t/e pipeline- T/e len(t/ %+ t/e
ran*%m se'ti%ns may be re*u'e* ,/ere p/ysi'al barriers %r %t/er +a't%rs e:ist. ,/i'/ ,ill limit t/e e:tensi%n
%+ t/e m%re *ensely p%pulate* area t% a *istan'e less t/an 1-= &m-
8*5 T/e p%ssible in'rease in p%pulati%n *ensity an* le)el %+ /uman a'ti)ity +r%m planne* +uture
*e)el%pments s/all be *etermine* an* a''%unte* +%r ,/en *eterminin( p%pulati%n *ensity-
Ta6le F-) !ca%i!n Classes Onsh!re
#ocation %lass escription
1
CE2ui)alent t% B%'ati%n 'lass 1
as *e+ine* in Se'-"4
B%'ati%ns subGe't t% in+re2uent /uman a'ti)ity ,it/ n% permanent /uman /abitati%n-
B%'ati%n lass 1 is inten*e* t% re+le't ina''essible areas su'/ as *eserts an* tun*ra
re(i%ns
"
B%'ati%ns ,it/ a p%pulati%n *ensity %+ less t/an =0 pers%ns per s2uare &il%metre-
B%'ati%n lass " is inten*e* t% re+le't su'/ areas as ,astelan*. (raJin( lan*. +armlan*
an* %t/er sparsely p%pulate* areas
#
CE2ui)alent t% B%'ati%n 'lass "
as *e+ine* in Se'-"4
B%'ati%ns ,it/ a p%pulati%n *ensity %+ =0 pers%ns %r m%re but less t/an "=0 pers%ns per
s2uare &il%metre. ,it/ multiple *,ellin( units. ,it/ /%tels %r %++i'e buil*in(s ,/ere n%
m%re t/an =0 pers%ns may (at/er re(ularly an* ,it/ %''asi%nal in*ustrial buil*in(s-
B%'ati%ns lass # is inten*e* t% re+le't areas ,/ere t/e p%pulati%n *ensity is
interme*iate bet,een l%'ati%n lass " an* B%'ati%n lass ;. su'/ as +rin(e areas ar%un*
'ities an* t%,ns. an* ran'/es an* '%untry estates-
;
B%'ati%ns ,it/ a p%pulati%n *ensity %+ "=0 pers%ns %r m%re per s2uare &il%metre. e:'ept
,/ere a B%'ati%n lass = pre)ails- A B%'ati%ns lass ; is inten*e* t% re+le't areas su'/
as suburban /%usin( *e)el%pments. resi*ential areas. in*ustrial areas an* %t/er
p%pulate* areas n%t meetin( B%'ati%n lass =-
=
B%'ati%n ,it/ areas ,/ere multi-st%rey buil*in(s C+%ur %r m%re +l%%rs ab%)e (r%un*
le)el4 are pre)alent an* ,/ere tra++i' is /ea)y %r *ense an* ,/ere t/ere may be
numer%us %t/er utilities un*er(r%un*-
8*& A**iti%nal '%nsi*erati%ns s/all be (i)en t% t/e p%ssible '%nse2uen'es %+ a +ailure near a '%n'entrati%n
%+ pe%ple su'/ as +%un* in a '/ur'/. s'/%%l. multiple-*,ellin( unit. /%spital. %r re'reati%nal area %+ an
%r(anise* '/ara'ter in l%'ati%n 'lasses " an* #-
8*2 Pipeline *esi(n a''%r*in( t% t/is stan*ar* is base* %n p%tential +ailure '%nse2uen'e an* is 2uanti+ie* by
t/e '%n'ept %+ sa+ety 'lass- T/ese may )ary +%r *i++erent p/ases an* l%'ati%ns an* are *e+ine* in Table F-"-
8*: T/e a''eptable +ailure pr%bability %+ sa+ety 'lass Very Hi(/ is %ne %r*er %+ ma(nitu*e l%,er t/an +%r
sa+ety 'lass Hi(/ as (i)en in Se'-" %+ t/is stan*ar*-
8)* T/e sa+ety 'lass *etermine* by t/e 'r%ssin( s/all apply +r%m0
1 +%r r%a* 'r%ssin(s
1 t/e r%a* ri(/t-%+-,ay b%un*ary
1 i+ t/is b%un*ary /as n%t been *e+ine*. t% 10 m +r%m t/e e*(e %+ t/e /ar* sur+a'e %+ maG%r r%a*s an* = m +%r
min%r r%a*s
1 +%r rail,ays
1 = m bey%n* t/e rail,ay b%un*ary %r
1 i+ t/is b%un*ary /as n%t been *e+ine*. t% 10 m +r%m t/e rail-
8)) T/e sa+ety 'lass 'an %+ten be *etermine* base* %n t/e l%'ati%n 'lass an* +lui* 'ate(%ry- Typi'al sele'ti%n
%+ sa+ety 'lass is (i)en in Table F-#-
C. Design 9re$ise
C )** General
)*) T/e basis +%r *esi(n premises +%r t/e s/%re appr%a'/ s/all be as (i)en in Se'-#- Spe'ial attenti%n s/all
be (i)en t% aspe'ts relate* t% installati%n. %n-b%tt%m stability. +ati(ue *ue t% *ire't ,a)e l%a*in( an* #r* party
a'ti)ities- Statut%ry re2uirements apply-
)*4 T/e s/%re appr%a'/ s/%ul* be '%nstru'te* by eit/er
1 tren'/.
1 *re*(in(.
1 Getty.
1 trusse* beam supp%rt.
1 /%riJ%ntal *ire'ti%nal *rille* CHDD4 (ui*e tube.
1 '%++er*am.
1 tunnel. %r
1 '%mbinati%ns %+ t/e ab%)e-
C 4** R!'%ing
4*) T/e re2uirements in Se'-# apply t% t/e s/%re appr%a'/ se'ti%n- A**iti%nal re2uirements are (i)en bel%,-
Ta6le F-4 De+ini%i!n !+ sa+e%7 classes
Safety %lass escription
B%, @/ere +ailure implies l%, ris& %+ /uman inGury an* min%r en)ir%nmental an* e'%n%mi'
'%nse2uen'es
6e*ium @/ere +ailure implies ris& %+ /uman inGury. si(ni+i'ant en)ir%nmental p%lluti%n %r )ery /i(/
e'%n%mi' %r p%liti'al '%nse2uen'es
Hi(/ @/ere +ailure *urin( %peratin( '%n*iti%ns implies /i(/ ris& %+ /uman inGury. si(ni+i'ant
en)ir%nmental p%lluti%n %r )ery /i(/ e'%n%mi' %r p%liti'al '%nse2uen'es
Very Hi(/ @/ere +ailure *urin( %peratin( '%n*iti%ns implies )ery /i(/ ris& %+ /uman inGury-
Ta6le F-8 Classi+ica%i!n !+ sa+e%7 classes
Phase &luid
%ategory
#ocation %lass
< J K > H
J
Temp%rary
1
All B%, -
Operatin(
Ons/%re
A. B%, 6e*ium -
! 6e*ium 6e*ium Hi(/ Very Hi(/ -
D.E 6e*ium 6e*ium Hi(/ Very Hi(/ -
14 Installati%n until '%mmissi%nin( Ctemp%rary4 ,ill n%rmally be 'lassi+ie* as sa+ety lass l%,-
Durin( temp%rary '%n*iti%ns a+ter '%mmissi%nin( %+ t/e pipeline. spe'ial '%nsi*erati%ns s/all
be ma*e t% t/e '%nse2uen'es %+ +ailure. i-e- (i)in( a /i(/er sa+ety 'lass t/an B%,-
"4 T/is '%*e is n%t appli'able +%r areas in l%'ati%n lass =-
4*4 T/e r%utin( s/all be sele'te* an* prepare* s% t/at ris& %+ +ire. e:pl%si%ns an* un-inten*e* %''urren'es is
at an a''eptable le)el- Spa'in( bet,een pipelines. ass%'iate* e2uipment. /arb%urs. s/ip tra++i' an* buil*in(s
s/all be e)aluate* by ris& assessments '%nsi*erin( t/e ser)i'e %+ t/e pipeline-
G'i"ance n!%eF
T/e pre+erre* means %+ r%utin( +%r s/%re appr%a'/ pipeline ,ill be t% bury t/em- E:amples %+ a**iti%nal pr%te'ti)e
means are %n'rete '%atin( %r '%)er. a**iti%nal steel ,all t/i'&ness. *eeper tren'/in(. a**iti%nal mar&in( an* means
t% minimiJe t/e p%ssibility +%r impa'ts +r%m s/ip tra++i' an* )e/i'les-
---e-n-*---%+---3-u-i-*-a-n-'-e---n-%-t-e---
4*8 Spe'ial +%'us s/all be %n0
1 sa+ety %+ publi'
1 pr%te'ti%n %+ en)ir%nment
1 #r* party a'ti)ities
1 a''ess
1 %t/er pr%perty an* +a'ilities-
4*4 Pipeline '%n)eyin( 'ate(%ry !. . D an* E +lui*s s/%ul* a)%i* built-up areas %r areas ,it/ +re2uent
/uman a'ti)ity-
4*# In absen'e %+ publi' sa+ety statut%ry re2uirements. a sa+ety e)aluati%n s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e
,it/ t/e (eneral re2uirements +%r0
1 Pipeline '%n)eyin( 'ate(%ry D +lui*s in l%'ati%ns ,/ere multi-st%rey buil*in(s are pre)alent. ,/ere tra++i'
is /ea)y %r *ense. an* ,/ere t/ere may be numer%us %t/er utilities un*er(r%un*
1 Pipelines '%n)eyin( 'ate(%ry E +lui*s-
4*5 An En)ir%nmental Impa't Assessment CEIA4 s/all be per+%rme*- T/e EIA s/all '%nsi*er as a minimum0
1 temp%rary ,%r&s *urin( '%nstru'ti%n an* %perati%n Ce-(- repair. m%*i+i'ati%ns et'-4
1 t/e l%n(-term presen'e %+ t/e pipeline
1 lea&a(e-
4*& T/e r%ute s/all permit t/e re2uire* a''ess an* ,%r&in( ,i*t/ +%r t/e '%nstru'ti%n an* %perati%n
Cin'lu*in( any repla'ement4. %+ t/e pipeline- T/e a)ailability %+ utilities ne'essary +%r '%nstru'ti%n an*
%perati%n s/%ul* als% be re)ie,e*-
4*2 T/e r%ute s/all be ti*y an* +ree +r%m +lammable materials %n an* in t/e )i'inity %+ t/e pipeline system- A
sa+ety area al%n( t/e pipeline s/all be *e+ine* ,/i'/ may restri't publi' a''ess an* a'ti)ities- T/e e:tent %+ t/e
area s/all be establis/e* base* %n ris& analyses an* s/%,n %n t/e plan +%r t/e pipeline system-
4*: Fa'ilities al%n( t/e pipeline r%ute s/%ul* be i*enti+ie* an* t/eir impa't e)aluate* in '%nsultati%n ,it/ t/e
%perat%r %+ t/ese +a'ilities- Fa'ilities s/%ul* n%t be all%,e* 'l%ser t/an ; m +r%m t/e pipeline-
4)* A ,i*er restri'ti%n J%ne '%mpare* t% publi' a''ess may apply t% +uture *e)el%pment Cbuil*in(s et'-4-
C 8** En-ir!n$en%al "a%a
8*) En)ir%nmental *ata s/all be '%lle'te* as *es'ribe* in Se'-#- B%n( term s/%re pr%+ile s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
Spe'ial attenti%n s/all be (i)en t% ti*al )ariati%ns-
C 4** S'r-e7
4*) R%ute an* s%il sur)eys s/all be 'arrie* %ut t% i*enti+y an* l%'ate ,it/ su++i'ient a''ura'y t/e rele)ant
(e%(rap/i'al. (e%l%(i'al. (e%te'/ni'al. '%rr%si)e. t%p%(rap/i'al an* en)ir%nmental +eatures. an* %t/er
+a'ilities su'/ as %t/er pipelines. 'ables an* %bstru'ti%ns. ,/i'/ may impa't t/e pipeline r%ute sele'ti%n- T/e
sur)eys s/all be '%ntinu%us. an* t/e a''ura'y an* t%leran'e s/%ul* be sele'te* ,it/ re(ar* t% t/e a*G%inin( lan*
an* %++s/%re sur)eys-
4*4 Ins/%re sur)ey '%)era(e s/%ul* be '%ntinu%us an* in a(reement ,it/in spe'i+ie* t%leran'es an*
a''ura'ies %+ b%t/ a*G%inin( lan* an* %++s/%re r%ute sur)eys-
C #** Mar0ing
#*) T/e pipeline system s/all be mar&e* in su'/ a ,ay t/at its l%'ati%n in t/e terrain is 'learly )isible-
Pr%)isi%ns s/all be ma*e t% restri't publi' a''ess t% pipelines t/at are n%t burie*-
#*4 @arnin( si(ns s/all be pla'e* ,it/in )isible *istan'e an* at ea'/ si*e %+ 'r%ssin(s ,it/ ri)ers. r%a*s an*
rail ,ays (i)in( in+%rmati%n %n0
1 '%ntent
1 %perat%r
1 p/%ne number t% nearest manne* stati%n ,/i'/ may be alerte* in t/e e)ent %+ +ault %n t/e pipeline-
D. Design
D )** General
)*) T/e pi((in( re2uirements in Se'-# D10" applies t% t/e pipeline system-
D 4** S7s%e$ "esign
4*) Any ele'tri'al e2uipment ,it/in t/e l%'ati%n 'lass areas s/all '%mply ,it/ t/e l%'ati%n 'lass
re2uirements-
4*4 T/e nee* +%r li(/tenin( r%* an* means t% a)%i* buil* up %+ stati' ele'tri'ity s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
4*8 !ran'/ '%nne'ti%ns +%r pipelines %n lan* s/all be supp%rte* by '%ns%li*ate* ba'&+ill %r pr%)i*e* ,it/ a*e2uate
+le:ibility-
4*4 !ra'es an* *ampin( *e)i'es re2uire* t% pre)ent )ibrati%n %+ pipin( s/all be atta'/e* t% t/e pipe by +ull
en'ir'lement members-
4*# F%r stru'tural items. *%ubler plates an* rin(s ,el*e* *ire'tly t% pressure '%ntainin( parts. t/e +%ll%,in(
apply0
1 Desi(n s/all be per+%rme* +%r all rele)ant +ailure m%*es. e-(- yiel*in(. +ati(ue an* +ra'ture-
1 F%r *uple: stainless steels an* 1#r martensiti' stainless steels a stress analysis s/all be per+%rme* in ea'/
'ase t% *etermine t/at l%'al stresses ,ill n%t initiate HIS- Re'%mmen*e* pra'ti'e +%r *esi(n %+ *uple:
1 @el*in( *ire'tly t% t/e pressure '%ntainin( parts s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 2uali+ie* ,el*in(
pr%'e*ures a''%r*in( t% Appen*i: -
1 NDT s/all be per+%rme* t% ensure stru'tural inte(rity %+ t/e pressure '%ntainin( parts-
1 T/e t%e-t%-t%e *istan'e +r%m %t/er ,el*s s/all be minimum " Z t %r =0 mm. ,/i'/e)er is lar(er-
4*5 F%r *%ubler plates %r rin(s t/e +%ll%,in( apply0
1 Desi(n s/all be per+%rme* +%r all rele)ant +ailure m%*es-
1 D%ubler plates s/%ul* be 'ir'ular-
1 @el*s s/all be per+%rme* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ 2uali+ie* ,el*in( pr%'e*ures-
1 D%ubler rin(s s/all be ma*e as +ully en'ir'lin( slee)es ,it/ t/e l%n(itu*inal ,el*s ma*e ,it/ ba'&in(
strips. an* a)%i*in( penetrati%n int% t/e main pipe material-
1 Ot/er ,el*s s/all be '%ntinu%us. an* ma*e in a manner minimisin( t/e ris& %+ r%%t 'ra'&in( an* lamellar
tearin(-
D 8** Design l!a"s
8*) T/e l%a*s s/all be establis/e* as *es'ribe* in Se'-;- Spe'ial attenti%n s/all be (i)en 'al'ulati%ns %+ l%a*s
+r%m #r* party a'ti)ities su'/ as tra++i' Cp%tential 'y'li' l%a*in(4 an* %t/er '%nstru'ti%n ,%r&-
8*4 T/e l%a*s s/all be 'lassi+ie* int% +un'ti%nal. en)ir%nmental. inter+eren'e %r a''i*ental l%a*s as per Se'-;
%+ t/is stan*ar* ,it/ t/e a**iti%nal re2uirements bel%,-
8*8 Tra++i' a:le l%a*s an* +re2uen'y s/all be establis/e* in '%nsultati%n ,it/ t/e appr%priate aut/%rities %r
%t/er rele)ant s%ur'es an* ,it/ re'%(niti%n %+ e:istin( an* +%re'ast resi*ential. '%mmer'ial an* in*ustrial
*e)el%pments-
D 4** Design cri%eria
4*) T/e *esi(n s/%ul* '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements in Se'-=- Spe'ial attenti%n s/all be (i)en t% statut%ry
re2uirements-
4*4 F%r sa+ety 'lass Very Hi(/ t/e sa+ety 'lass +a't%rs in Table F-; apply-
Ta6le F-4 9ar%ial sa+e%7 class resis%ance +ac%!r +!r sa+e%7 class Der7 High
#imit state
S%
Pressure '%ntainment 1-=H#
Ot/er limit states 1-=
4*8 !urie* pipelines %n lan* s/%ul* be installe* ,it/ a '%)er *ept/ n%t less t/an s/%,n in Table F-=-
4*4 T/e e++e't %+ '%)er *ept/ s/all be '%nsi*ere* in t/e e:pansi%n e)aluati%ns-
4*# I+ t/e pipeline is n%t lai* at a +r%st +ree *ept/. t/e mass bel%, t/e pipeNs 'entre line must be +r%st pr%%+-
4*5 Pipelines may be installe* ,it/ less '%)er *ept/ t/an in*i'ate* in Table F-=. pr%)i*e* a similar le)el %+
pr%te'ti%n is pr%)i*e* by alternati)e met/%*s- T/e *esi(n %+ alternati)e pr%te'ti%n met/%*s s/%ul* ta&e int%
a''%unt0
1 any /in*ran'e 'ause* t% %t/er users %+ t/e area
1 s%il stability an* settlement
1 pipe stability 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n
1 pipeline e:pansi%n
1 a''ess +%r maintenan'e-
4*& Pipelines runnin( parallel t% a r%a* %r rail,ay s/%ul* be r%ute* %utsi*e t/e '%rresp%n*in( ri(/t-%+-,ay-
4*2 T/e )erti'al separati%n bet,een t/e t%p %+ t/e pipe an* t/e t%p %+ t/e rail s/%ul* be a minimum %+ 1-; m
+%r %pen-'ut 'r%ssin(s an* 1-F m +%r b%re* %r tunnelle* 'r%ssin(s-
4*: Pr%te'ti%n re2uirements +%r pipeline 'r%ssin(s %+ 'anals. ri)ers an* la&es s/%ul* be *esi(ne* in
'%nsultati%n ,it/ l%'al ,ater an* ,ater,ays aut/%rities-
4)* r%ssin(s %+ +l%%* *e+en'es 'an re2uire a**iti%nal *esi(n measures +%r pre)enti%n %+ +l%%*in( an*
limitin( t/e p%ssible '%nse2uen'es-
4)) r%ssin( pipelines an* 'ables s/%ul* be &ept separate* by a minimum )erti'al *istan'e %+ 0-# m-
4)4 Pipeline bri*(es may be '%nsi*ere* ,/en burie* 'r%ssin(s are n%t pra'ti'able- Pipe bri*(es s/all be
*esi(ne* in a''%r*an'e ,it/ stru'tural *esi(n stan*ar*s. ,it/ su++i'ient 'learan'e t% a)%i* p%ssible *ama(e
+r%m t/e m%)ement %+ tra++i'. an* ,it/ a''ess +%r maintenan'e- Inter+eren'e bet,een t/e 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n
%+ t/e pipelines an* t/e supp%rtin( bri*(e stru'ture s/all be '%nsi*ere*-
4)8 Pr%)isi%ns s/all be ma*e t% restri't publi' a''ess t% pipe bri*(es-
4)4 I+ %t/er 'riteria are use*. t/e n%minal +ailure pr%babilities s/all be *em%nstrate* t% be as spe'i+ie* in
Se'-"-
E. C!ns%r'c%i!n
E )** General
)*) T/e same re2uirements as +%r t/e O++s/%re part %+ t/e pipeline system s/all be applie* t% t/e %ns/%re
part. i+ appli'able- @/ere t/is is n%t appli'able. t/e re2uirements %+ ISO 1#>"# s/%ul* be '%mplie* ,it/-
E 4** ine(i(e
4*) T/e manu+a'ture %+ linepipe s/%ul* '%mply ,it/ t/e re2uirements in Se'->-
E 8** C!$(!nen%s an" asse$6lies
8*) T/e re2uirements t% '%mp%nents an* stru'tural items as ,ell as assemblies s/%ul* '%mply ,it/ Se'-<-
Ta6le F-# Mini$'$ c!-er "e(%h +!r 6'rie" (i(elines !n lan" .al%erna%i-e= (re+erre"
+!r$'la%i!n %! %he %a6le a6!-e/
Sa+ety lass
#4
%)er *ept/ `ma
14 "4 ;4 =4 >4 <4
Tren'/ blaste* in r%'& Ot/er
B%,
0-=
0-F
6e*ium 0-F
Hi(/ 1-"
Very Hi(/ 1-"
14 %)er *ept/ s/all be measure* +r%m t/e l%,est p%ssible (r%un* sur+a'e le)el t% t/e t%p %+ t/e pipe. in'lu*in(
'%atin(s an* atta'/ments-
"4 Spe'ial '%nsi*erati%n +%r '%)er may be re2uire* in areas ,it/ +r%st /ea)e-
#4 Ri)er 'r%ssin(s. r%a* 'r%ssin(s an* rail,ay 'r%ssin( s/all in t/is '%nte:t be 'lassi+ie* as sa+ety 'lass Hi(/-
;4 %)er s/all n%t be less t/an t/e *ept/ %+ n%rmal 'ulti)ati%n W0-# m-
=4 F%r ri)er 'r%ssin(sO t% be measure* +r%m t/e l%,est anti'ipate* be*-
>4 F%r r%a*s an* rail,ay 'r%ssin(sO t% be measure* +r%m t/e b%tt%m %+ t/e *rain *it'/es
<4 T/e t%p %+ pipe s/all be at least 0-1= m bel%, t/e sur+a'e %+ t/e r%'&-
*pp.# /eAuirements for !hore *pproach and nshore !ections - 0age '4%
E 4** C!rr!si!n (r!%ec%i!n an" c!a%ings
4*) T/e '%rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n s/all '%mply ,it/ Se'-F-
4*4 All metal pipelines s/%ul* be pr%)i*e* ,it/ an e:ternal '%atin( an*. +%r burie* %r submer(e* se'ti%ns.
'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n- %rr%si%n pr%te'ti%n s/%ul* be pr%)i*e* by impresse* 'urrent-
4*8 T/e *esi(n %+ t/e impresse* 'urrent pr%te'ti%n system s/all stri)e +%r a uni+%rm 'urrent *istributi%n al%n(
t/e pipelines an* s/all *e+ine t/e permanent l%'ati%n +%r t/e measurement %+ t/e pr%te'ti%n p%tentials-
4*4 Pr%te'te* pipelines s/%ul* be ele'tri'ally is%late* +r%m %t/er stru'tures. su'/ as '%mpress%r stati%ns an*
terminals. by suitable in-line is%lati%n '%mp%nents-
4*# Is%lati%n G%ints s/%ul* be pr%)i*e* ,it/ pr%te'ti)e *e)i'es t% pre)ent *ama(e +r%m li(/tnin( %r /i(/-
)%lta(e eart/ 'urrent ,/ere p%ssible- B%,-resistan'e (r%un*in( t% %t/er burie* metalli' stru'tures s/all be
a)%i*e*- Ele'tri'al '%ntinuity s/all be pr%)i*e* a'r%ss '%mp%nents. %t/er t/an '%uplin(sI+lan(es. ,/i'/ ,%ul*
%t/er,ise in'rease t/e l%n(itu*inal resistan'e %+ t/e pipeline- Spar& (aps s/all be installe* bet,een pr%te'te*
pipelines an* li(/tnin( pr%te'ti%n systems-
4*5 Test p%ints +%r t/e r%utine m%nit%rin( an* testin( %+ t/e 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n s/%ul* be installe* at t/e
+%ll%,in( l%'ati%ns0
1 'r%ssin(s ,it/ D tra'ti%ns systems
1 r%a*. rail an* ri)er 'r%ssin(s an* lar(e emban&ments
1 se'ti%ns installe* in slee)e pipes %r 'asin(s
1 is%late* '%uplin(s
1 ,/ere t/e pipeline runs parallel t% /i(/-)%lta(e 'ables
1 s/eet piles
1 'r%ssin(s ,it/ %t/er maG%r metalli' stru'tures ,it/. %r ,it/%ut. 'at/%*i' pr%te'ti%n-
4*& T/e primary '%rr%si%n '%ntr%l +%r internal '%rr%si%n is i*enti'al ,it/ t/e submarine part. see Se'-F-
F. O(era%i!n
F )** General
)*) T/e re2uirements t% sa+e an* reliable %perati%n %+ t/e pipeline systems an* t/e pipeline inte(rity
mana(ement CPI64 as *es'ribe* in Se'-11 apply-
)*4 T/e ,/%le r%ute s/all re(ularly be '/e'&e* +%r0
1 any re2uire* re-'lassi+i'ati%n %+ l%'ati%n 'lass *ue t% '/an(es in premises li&e p%pulati%ns et'-
1 ne, +a'ilities
1 ne, intru*ers %r '/an(e* '%n+i(urati%ns t/at may 'ause in'rease ris& %+ t/reats-
G. D!c'$en%a%i!n
G )** General
)*) In a**iti%n t% t/e re2uirements in Se'-1". t/e +%ll%,in( apply0
1 'r%ssin( l%'ati%ns relate* t% la&es. straits. ri)ers. streams. transp%rt '%mmuni'ati%n arteries an* similar
1 maps ne'essary t% e)aluate t/e pr%p%se* r%ute 'lassi+i'ati%n
1 rele)ant *ra,in(s %n bri*(es et'-
1 maps ,it/ any 'r%ssin( ser)i'es C'ables. se,a(e et'-4-
()*N+,! - );!T/;( - 0age '4$
CHANGES H;STOR;C
N%te t/at /ist%ri' '/an(es %l*er t/an t/e e*iti%ns s/%,n bel%, /a)e n%t been in'lu*e*- Ol*er /ist%ri' '/an(es
Ci+ any4 may be retrie)e* t/r%u(/ /ttp0II,,,-*n)-'%m-
A'g's% 4*)4 e"i%i!n
Main Changes
Sec.) General
1 6in%r e*it%rial '/an(es an* up*ates
1 !0 Re+eren'e list up*ate*
1 Intr%*u'ti%n in'lu*e*- Pre)i%us A>00 m%)e* t% !100
1 0 8p*ate* *e+initi%ns-
Sec.4 Sa+e%7 9hil!s!(h7
1 lari+i'ati%n %+ a''eptan'e tar(et )alues
1 !0 T/e (eneral re2uirements t% a systemati' re)ie,. !#00. /as been +urt/er implemente* as a ne, A#00
in se'ti%ns # t% 11
1 "010 O
"
pipelines '%mmente*. re'%mmen*e* *e)iati%n +r%m ISO-
Sec.8 C!nce(% an" Design 9re$ise De-el!($en%
1 Re-%r(anise* in a timeline manner
1 D"000 Pressure pr%te'ti%n system Cin'lu*in( pressure sa+ety system an* pressure '%ntr%l system4 /as been
rename* as pipeline '%ntr%l an* pipeline sa+ety system in line ,it/ IE >1=11-
Sec.4 Design !a"s
1 >000 @eat/er restri'te* ,eat/er %perati%ns ali(ne* ,it/ DNV-OS-H101-
Sec.# Design i$i% S%a%e Cri%eria
1 D"000 Pressure '%ntainment limit state*O in+luen'e %+ mill test an* system test 'lari+ie*
1 D1#000 Dent a**e* as limit state Cm%)e* +r%m tra,lin(4
1 E0 Spe'ial '%nsi*erati%nsO le)els %+ *etails are ali(ne* bet,een t/e *i++erent sub-se'ti%ns
1 EF000 Re2uirements t% eart/ 2ua&e e:ten*e*
1 F0 %mp%nent *esi(n up*ate* re+le'tin( re)isi%ns %+ ISO an* +urt/er ali(ne* ,it/ se'ti%n F
1 F1000 A*)i'e +%r '%*e brea&s in'lu*e*-
Sec.5 Design Ma%erials Engineering
1 6in%r e*it%rial '/an(es an* up*ates-
Sec.& C!ns%r'c%i!n ine(i(e
1 8p*ate* t% re+le't ne, ISO #1F# re)isi%n
1 3eneral up*ate base* %n +ee*-ba'& +r%m in*ustry
1 3"000 riteria t% *imensi%nal t%leran'es 'lari+ie*-
Sec.2 C!ns%r'c%i!n - C!$(!nen%s an" 9i(eline Asse$6lies
1 Re-stru'ture* t% impr%)e 'larity
1 !#00 t% =000 8p*ate* t% re+le't ne, ISO 1==H0 re)isi%n
1 =000 Se'ti%n %n b%lts up*ate*
1 F0 Se'ti%n %n pipeline assemblies partly re-,ritten-
Sec.: C!ns%r'c%i!n C!rr!si!n (r!%ec%i!n an" Weigh% C!a%ing
1 Re-,ritten t% ali(n ,it/ ISO "1F0H
Sec.)* C!ns%r'c%i!n - O++sh!re
1 Se'ti%n /ea*in( '/an(e* t% re+le't '%ntents
()*N+,! - );!T/;( - 0age '4&
1 %mpletely re-stru'ture* an* m%*i+ie*-
Sec.)) O(era%i!ns an" A6an"!n$en%
1 8p*ate* t% re+le't ali(nment ,it/ DNV-RP-F11>-
Sec.)4 D!c'$en%a%i!n
1 6in%r '/an(es
A((.A Frac%'re i$i% S%a%e !+ Gir%h Wel"s
1 !10<0 Rules +%r /%, *i++erent l%a* 'ases s/all be '%mbine* /a)e been in'lu*e*
1 D0 Fra'ture t%u(/ness testin( %n SENT spe'imens als% a''eptable +%r bi-a:ial stress '%n*iti%n C%perati%n4
1 D0 Ne, *e+initi%n %+ B
r
'ut-%++ Cplasti' '%llapse4 ,/i'/ ,ill all%, /i(/er l%'al stresses an* strains in t/e
li(ament ,it/ a +la,
1 E0 8se %+ FE analysis amen*e*
1 F0 N% sa+ety +a't%r %n t/e 'al'ulate* +ati(ue li+e-
A((.3 Mechanical Tes%ing an" C!rr!si!n Tes%ing
1 3eneral up*ate base* %n +ee*-ba'& +r%m in*ustry an* 'lari+i'ati%ns-
A((.C Wel"ing
1 3eneral up*ate base* %n +ee*-ba'& +r%m in*ustry
1 6%re pre'ise *e+initi%ns a**e* t% ma&e se)eral %+ t/e re2uirements 'learer
1 #00 an* F#000 /an(es t% re2uirement %+ ,el* +iller metal yiel* stren(t/-
A((.D N!n-Des%r'c%i-e Tes%ing .NDT/
1 Re+eren'e* stan*ar*s up*ate*- @it/*ra,n re+eren'e* stan*ar*s repla'e* ,it/ ne, stan*ar*s
1 Ali(ne* re2uirements +%r 6T an* PT ,it/ %t/er internati%nal a''epte* stan*ar*s
1 !"000 Re+eren'es +%r '%mpute* ra*i%(rap/y implemente*
1 !#000 Re+eren'es t% DNV lassi+i'ati%n N%te < implemente*-
A((.E A'%!$a%e" Ul%ras!nic Gir%h Wel" Tes%ing
1 3eneral up*ate base* %n +ee*-ba'& +r%m in*ustry an* 'lari+i'ati%ns
1 DNV-RP-F11F implemente* as re+eren'e +%r 2uali+i'ati%n %+ A8T systems
1 Re2uirements in DNV-OS-F101 is ali(ne* ,it/ re2uirements in DNV-RP-F11F-
A((.F Re<'ire$en%s +!r Sh!re A((r!ach an" Onsh!re Sec%i!ns
1 6in%r '/an(es-
Ac0n!1le"ge$en%
T/e present re)isi%n %+ DNV-OS-F101 is mainly re+le'tin( +ee*-ba'& +r%m e:perien'e by se)eral '%mpanies
t/at are /ereby a'&n%,le*(e*-
T/is re)isi%n in'lu*es a re-stru'turin( %+ Se'ti%n 10 SO++s/%re E '%nstru'ti%nT base* %n 'l%se )aluable
*is'ussi%ns +r%m Stat%il. /ereby a'&n%,le*(e*-
A /earin( )ersi%n ,as issue* De'ember "011- l%se t% 1000 )ery ,ell +%un*e* '%mments ,ere re'ei)e* %+
,/i'/ m%st ,ere eit/er a''epte* %r partly a''epte*- 6any %+ t/e '%mments n%t a''epte* ,ere typi'ally
re2uestin( e:tensi%n %+ t/e s'%pe. e-(- parameter limitati%ns. re2uirin( +urt/er *e)el%pments- T/%se '%mments
/a)e been n%te* as lea*s an* may results in +uture 7%int In*ustry pr%p%sals-
T/e '%mments impr%)e* t/e 2uality an* '%ntent %+ t/is stan*ar* si(ni+i'antly an* t/e e++%rt spent by t/e
'%mmentin( '%mpanies is impressi)e an* /ereby a'&n%,le*(e*- T/e '%mmentin( '%mpanies ,ere Cin
alp/abeti'al %r*er40
A3 *er Dillin(er Hutten,er&e 7DP Saipem
Allseas 7FE-steel Stat%il
!P 6krs& Subsea <
/e)r%n ET Nipp%n Steel Tata Steel
Eur%pipe N%r*stream Te'/nip
E::%n6%bil Petr%bras T%tal
Heerema 6arine %ntra't%rs Reinertsen @%%*si*e

DNV Os F 101 - 2013

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

DNV Os F 101 - 2013

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

OFFSHORE STANDARD

DET NORSKE VERITAS AS

Resistan'e +a't%r. strain resistan'e. see Table =-10

DET NORSKE VERITAS AS

DET NORSKE VERITAS AS

? Strain resistan'e +a't%r. Table =-10

DET NORSKE VERITAS AS

DET NORSKE VERITAS AS

DET NORSKE VERITAS AS

DET NORSKE VERITAS AS

+%r inspe'ti%n %+ l%n(ituinal ,els s/all be etermine a''%r*in( t%0

You might also like