Report of Committee On Computerisation of Land Records

Government of India Ministry of Rural Development Department of Land Resources

April- 2005

CONTENTS OF THE REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE

Chapters Preface Executive Summary 1

Contents

Page No

1-2 3-8 9-15 16-23 24-30 31-37 38-40 41

2 3
4

Fixation of Time frame for completion of all activities under the scheme of computerization of land records Uniform Coding Scheme- standardization of land attribute and field for Land Records Database Information Security Management System for computerization of Land Records Digitization of Cadastral Maps Integration of Land Records with Process Summary of Recommendations List of Members of the Committee Annexure - I Registration

5 6

land Administration

has been the historical symbol of Government's

authority. It links

the Government with the vast majority of the citizens of the country who reside in rural areas and have direct or indirect linkages to land and land related activities. Over time the responsibility of land administration land management, has expanded to cover survey, land records,

land use and many regulatory and welfare activities in respect of

those who have an interest in land.

The evolution of the land administration system in India has been a complex process, well recorded in historical chronicles. In this electronic age, as the country embarks on system to

e-governance initiatives, it is necessary to revamp the land administration

keep pace with the times to provide service that are fair, efficient and transparent to the citizens of the country. Accordingly, scheme of computerisation Technology to transform the Ministry of Rural Development initiated the Information thereby

of land records with the aim of employing

the existing system of land records maintenance

ensuring efficient, accurate and transparent delivery mechanism and conflict resolution in ownership of land.

Though many States have completed and implemented the scheme, but some of the states need further guidance and support for its effective and timely implementation Recently, the Union Government has accorded priority to this scheme to institutionalize the mechanism for regular mutation/updation of Record of Rights (ROR) and strengthen the delivery system. Computerisation In addition to the above, Government Records as one of main subjects of India has included under the National Eon mission.

of land

Governance Action Plan and suggested that the scheme be completed mode.

The last guidelines for the scheme were issued in 1999.

Since rapid changes in

technology and other requirements have necessitated us to suggest approach to cover problems of security, change management, sustainability and interoperability. To

achieve this, the Ministry of Rural Development constituted a Committee of Revenue Secretaries to devise practical and implementable solutions for early completion of the scheme in all the States.

The committee members visited different States and studied the prevailing system of survey and land records maintenance of different States, which was very useful in

preparing this report. t express my sincere thanks to all the Members of the Committee who put in a lot of effort in the preparation of this comprehensive report on the Subject.

I express our foremost

gratitude to Shri M. Shankar, Secretary,

Ministry of Rural

Development who has provided the support and impetus necessary to complete this report. I also wish to express my gratitude to Shri J. Harinarayan, then Additional

Secretary, Department of Land Resources and Shri V. S. Sampath, Additional Secretary, Department of Land Resources for the guidance and support provided by them from time to time.

The Committee wishes to acknowledge the help and cooperation rendered by Shri S. D. Meena, Director (LR), Shri S. K. Narula, Assistant Commissioner (LR) and Shri Vinay

Thakur, Technical Director, NIC who were invaluable in coordinating and preparing the report.

I thank all the Revenue and Survey Officials of the States who helped the Committee members during their field visits. It is hoped that this report will be useful to the Central and State Governments in accelerating the pace of implementation making the scheme useful and beneficial to our citizens. of the scheme and

Mrs. Lalitha Kumar, IAS Joint Secretary, Department of Land Resources Ministry of Rural Development & Chairman of the Committee

15th April, 2005 New Delhi

The Computerisation

of Land Records (CLR) was started in 1988-89 with the intention to

remove the inherent flaws in the manual system of maintenance and updation of Land Records. In 1997-98, the scheme was extended to tehsils to start distribution of Records of Rights to

landowners on demand. So far the scheme has been extended to 582 districts and 3286 tehsils. Computerized copies of ROR are being issued to landowners from 1976 tehsil/taluks country. This project can safely claim to be the first successful across the in

initiative of e-Governance

India, at the grass-root level. The focus of the entire operation has always been to employ state of the art information system of the country. technology (IT) to galvanize and transform the existing land records

2. The progress of the scheme was reviewed recently by the Cabinet Secretary and it was
decided that States where the pace of the implementation of the scheme is not satisfactory, the Ministry of Rural practical and of

should be guided to complete the project on mission mode. Accordingly, Development implementable constituted solutions a committee and suggest of Revenue modalities Secretaries

to devise

to integrate

the process

of digitization

cadastral maps and the registration process with computerisation

of land records.

3. The Committee held its first two meetings in Bangalore where a framework was drawn up for the report. Based on discussions, settlement and preparation core groups were formed to study the system of survey and maps in different States. After field visits, all the the old cadastral maps, by

of cadastral

members were of the opinion that there is dire need for preserving which are not in good shape. It was suggested that cadastral

maps may be preserved

scanning and further digitized in order to carry out regular updation to reflect ground realities. 4. In the third meeting held in Delhi, members of the Committee gave presentations technology solutions for implementing uniform coding, security framework on various

and cadastral

mapping software (COLABLAND). the members of the committee

In the fourth meeting held in New Delhi, it was decided that would prepare different sections of the report after getting

feedback from other members.

5. In the fifth meeting held in Delhi, the draft report as finalized on the basis of the discussions of the committee and suggestions appreciated the content received from members was presented. and efforts made All the members members in

of the report

by the concerned

preparation of various sections of the report. It was also observed that States are facing acute problems in running the computerized manpower. Therefore, management. 6. Issues of integrating discussed in details. Computerisation of land records with the registration process were system at tehsils because of non-availability of technical

It was proposed that States be provided a one-time

grant for facility

Minor changes required in Registration Act, 1908 in order to streamline Process and Land Records were drafted and sent to Based on the feedback from

the process of integration of Registration the Legislative Department,

Ministry of Law for their suggestions.

JS, Legislative Department, a chapter has been modified.

Chapter 1 - deals with State wise targets for completion of various activities under the scheme of CLR. workflow, All States must complete integration the activities namely automation of mutation lupdation levy

of spatial and non-spatial data, development

of human resources,

user charges, banning of manual distribution of record of rights by the end of the 10th Five Year Plan. Chapter 2 deals with the approach for standardizing the master codes for creating land records data warehousing. makers. Chapter 3 deals with the security framework for the CLR domain and looks at policy, planning, and procedures specifications. Chapter 4 deals with the requirements integration with textual data .. Chapter 5 deals with integration of Registration Process with Computerisation and minor changes reqUired in the Registration Act, 1908. of Land Records of cadastral mapping, implementation methodology and for securing the systems, process and digital data as per ISOIIEe 17799 This will facilitate widespread use of the data for citizens and decision

FIXATION OF TIME-FRAME

FOR COMPLETION

OF ALL ACTIVITIES

UNDER THE SCHEME

OF COMPUTERISATION

OF LAND RECORDS

1.1 Background: A Workshop on "Computerization of Land Records" was held on 13th August, 2004 at New Delhi

which was attended by the senior officers of Revenue / Survey and Settlement Departments of the States. The Union Cabinet Secretary chaired this Workshop and the progress of

implementation

of the scheme was reviewed. During the Conference,

it was decided that the

pace of implementation is not satisfactory.

of the scheme needs to be expedited in those State where performance

In order to complete the project within a specified time frame, activity-wise

interim milestones & targets should be fixed. It was decided that a Committee be constituted by the Department of Land Resources to suggest practical and implementable solutions for

completion of the Scheme.

Accordingly,

this Department

constituted

a Committee

vide its Order No. 14011/1/2004-LRD Department of Land

dated 30th August,

2004 under the Chairmanship

of Joint Secretary,

Resources comprising

senior officers of different States and Central Departments of the scheme of CLR.

to examine

various issues for effective implementation

The Terms of Reference of the Committee were as under: i) To suggest a time frame for all States to complete all activities under the scheme of Computerization ii) To suggest of Land Records. of uniform codification of land attributes for creating a data

a system

warehouse and to standardize protocol for security and legality of digital data. iii) To suggest modalities for integration of attribute land record data with cadastral survey maps and define standard parameters terms of accuracy, inter-operability, iv) To suggest the changes required and protocols for the technology framework in

legality, cost effectiveness in the Registration

and timeframe. 1908 to integrate the

Act,

registration process with the computerization

of land records.

The Committee

discussed

all issues,

as specified

in the terms

of reference

for speedy

implementation of the scheme of CLR. Some of the members of the Committee also undertook field visits to study the prevailing system of survey settlement, preparation and digitization of On the basis

cadastral survey maps / village maps and gave their feedback to the Committee.

of discussions held during the meetings and decisions taken, the report of the Committee has been finalized.

1.2 Objectives of the Scheme:

The Committee opined that the objectives of the Scheme of Computerisation (CLR) could be as follows: i) Computerisation of the mutation/updation process of land records & distribution of of Land Records

updated copies of ownership rights, tenancy, crop, land revenue, sources of irrigation etc, ii) Distribution of computerized copies of Record of Rights along with details of plot

boundaries to the landowners on demand at reasonable charges. iii) According legal sanctity to computer generated certificates of Land Records / title

documents after authentication

by authorized revenue officials.

iv) Abandoning the manual system of issuance of records of rights once the computerized system is stabilized. v) Levying suitable user charges for the services being offered by the computer centre for sustain ability of the scheme in terms of AMC, hardware upgradation, etc. vi) Focus on citizen-services the grass root level. vii) Integrating land records data with cadastral maps and land registration and creating a Comprehensive to achieve which will ensure true implementation of e-governance at

inter-operability

Land Information System (LIS). Revenue circle level only in of data.

viii) To extend the scheme at Sub-division, sub tehsil/ Mandai/

the North East States for easy accessibility and dissemination

1.3. Types of Land Record - Master Data to be computerized:

The Committee felt that States must computerize extent these records are in use in concerned States: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) Record of Rights-Ownership Tenancy / cultivation Crop Type of soil/land Irrigation status Number and type of trees Other rights/I.iabilities/ encumbrances Classification and Land Revenue / digitize the following land records to the

Plot-wise details- Digitization of Cadastral Survey Map/ Village Map Scanning of basic survey/settlement records

1.4. Process of Simplification: The Committee observed that some States have not completed the initial data entry. Therefore, the Committee recommends that these States may simplify their existing procedures & formats, standardize the process of mutation and design suitable software for automating the

mutation/updation

workflow by adopting uniform codes of land attributes.

Where required, State land records and stop

should amend the revenue rules, accord legal sanctity to computerized manual distribution of land records to landowners.

1.4.1 Process of Data Entry and its validation: To complete the data entry work on mission mode, in States where the work is not complete, it could be contracted time frame. out after observing necessary formalities for completing it in a specified

A strategy may be worked out to ensure 100% checking and validation of entered that SDO and Deputy CommissionerlDistrict Collector may randomly

data. It is recommended

check at least 2% & 1% of the data respectively for ascertaining data. In order to gain acceptability

the accuracy of the entered records

amongst landowners a copy of the computerized

may be given free of cost to the landowner for feedback and final correction. Backlog updation of data shall be completed on mission mode so that the Scheme can be operationalized tehsil/taluk level. regularly. at the

Further updation of data should be carried out by trained revenue officials

The Committee undisputed

also observed cases.

that in a few States the Gram

Panchayat

also certifies

mutation

These States must evolve a mechanism

to ensure that such

mutation cases are fed into computers for updation of records and distribution of RoR. This will help in stopping the manual distribution of ROR. It has been observed that many States have computerized recommends the that Record the of Rights (ownership details) only. Therefore, the Committee as tenancy,

second

generation

of land

recordslinformation

such

cultivation, crop details, type of soil I land classification, rights and liabilities lencumbrances

irrigation status, land revenue, .other

may also be computerized.

The Committee observed that since basic land records are not in good condition in most of the States, it is essential to preserve these basic land records. that scanning of all basic land records be undertaken basis. Thus, the Committee recommends

under the Scheme of CLR on priority

1.4.2 Level of Implementation

of Scheme:

The Committee felt that the appropriate level of operation of the scheme in most of the States would be at Taluk/ Tehsill Block IAnchal level. However, in a few States, where sub-tehsils are discharging Tehsil/Mandal. the responsibilities of tehsils, the scheme can be extended up to Sub-

In North East States, since revenue records are being maintained and managed

at Revenue Circle level, therefore, the scheme can be extended up to the Revenue Circle for these States.

1.4.3 Software:
The Committee felt that as NIC has been associated with the implementation from the beginning, system domain. it has gained valuable experience and knowledge of the scheme

in the land records

Therefore, it is suggested that suitable software for all the activities suggested should be designed & ~eveloped by NIC as per the requirements of the of Land

by the Committee States.

However, the Committee

recommends that the software for Computerization

Records, digitization of cadastral maps and registration process for all the States should have the following common features: a) The Software must be simple, user friendly and fast to operate, with ease of updation of the mutations of record of rights along with plot wise details and have provision for

incorporating sub-divisions of the land parcels. b) Queries for extracting specific land records information at Tehsil and State levels for

decision support and monitoring purposes; c) Software architecture should be 3-tier and capable options for development of running on "open standards"

providing multiple technology wherever possible. d) It should have the capability

including "open source" software

to integrate with GIS and web-based

applications

with

facilities for collation and conversion of attribute data at different levels and also have the capability to import data from total station I GPS and ground survey data; e) For digitizing Field Measurement Book (FMB) I cadastral survey maps I village maps,

software should have the capability to mosaic from smaller maps to bigger and al~o for geo referencing. f) The software should have an in-built provision for security of the system, back up and archival mechanism. g) It should support Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) for integration of

attribute database with spatial data and voluminous data storage. Further, it is suggested that the software shall enable UNICODE storage formats for vernacular data with transliterated outputs in English for use and integration
3S

at the national level. The

digital data must be used

the knowledge base where filtered outputs of all the States can be

used for planning at the all India level.

1.5 Delivery of e-Services: The Committee recommends that under the scheme of Computerization of Land Records, the

following services should be provided to the Landowners through Tehsill Taluk I Anchall Mandai computer centers:a) b) c) d) Copy of Record of Rights; Copy of Cadastral maps and boundary details; Crop, Tenancy and other details; Filing and Tracking of mutation application.

States can add on other services, which can be generated from the land record data set, if required.

1.6. Codification

of Attribute

Data & Data Warehousing:

The Committee felt that uniform land attributes might be identified and coded as suggested in Chapter 2 of the report. States should work out modalities for conversion of master data into uniform codes for which the Department of Land Resource may provide funds under the

Scheme of CLR. This will help states to collate and merge data for creating a centralized land records data warehouse in each State.

1.7. Standardization

of Storage

Data format:

The Committee observed that the available digital land records data is mostly in ISCII 8.0 for providing local language interface. In order to bring out the desired uniformity in terms of

storage, display and presentation, the fonts and storage formats for various datasets have to be standardized, without which it will not be possible to converge & understand data in multiple

languages. Therefore, format.

it is suggested that UNICODE may be used as the standard encoding

1.8. Facility Management: The State Revenue Department is primarily responsible for implementing, maintaining and

sustaining the project.

It has been observed that states are having difficulty in the smooth Since

running of computer centres because of lack of technical manpower at the tehsil level. the project has public interface manpower is required and various services are to be delivered

in time, skilled

for maintaining

the required transaction

level, follow fault escalation there is a need for personnel will

procedures and complying with security standards and policies. Therefore, engaging technical manpower at the tehsil computer centre.

The technical

discharge the following duties: i) System integration, installation of software at tehsil level;

ii) Training to Revenue application software,

Officials mutation

(Village Revenue, software,

Circle, tehsildar) centre

on land records security

computer

operations,

provisions, undertaking security checks; iii) System's re-installation and fault handling.

iV) Run the mutation software, revise & print ROR; v) To report any hardware fault to the concerned AMC vendor & follow it up for early rectification of fault. Maintaining of Logbook for reporting any hardware fault. vi) To take regular back-up, hand over the CDs to Tehsildar for safe custody, run

procedure for recovery of data in case of system crash, etc;

Role of 010 & OIA should in no way be extinguished facility manager. The facility manager

or diminished

after appointment

of the matters.

should report to the OlOs for all technical

Keeping the above in view, it is recommended that the Ministry may provide a one-time grant to the extent of Rs 1.20 lakhs per year/ tehsil/taluk for hiring technical manpower for one year, which can be extended for another year on the basis of requirement. own and sustain the project. The facility manager should After that, the state has to qualifications

have technical

equivalent to MeAl BE (CS).

1.9 Connectivity:
During deliberations, the DIT representative informed the committee that end terminal

connectivity

up to the tehsils/blocks

will be' provided

under the State Wide Area Network of India. The tehsil will be then a centralized & dissemination

(SWAN) by the Department of Information Technology, Government the operational site however; once connectivity

is properly commissioned

data centre at the State level may be created for regular updation, warehousing of data.

1.10 Concurrent
The committee

Evaluations: discussed this issue and opined that close and qualitative monitoring of the

scheme has to be carried out by district and State level committees. concurrent evaluation/independent through third parties/experts. audit and assessment

In addition to the above, can also be done

on implementation

1.11 Time Frame:

After deliberation, the committee felt that the scheme should be completed in a time bound

manner. The interim milestones for the completion of different activities under the scheme for each State have been fixed along with the responsibilities of the Ministry of Rural Development,

National Informatics Centre and the States. The same has been given in Annexure-I.

UNIFORM CODING SCHEME (Standardizations of Land attributes and fields for CLR database)

2.1 Introduction The CLR project is the first successful e-governance project implemented at the grass root level

in the country. Fully funded by the Ministry of Rural Development and technically supported by the National Informatics Centre, the project has been implemented by various States using

different names like Bhoomi, TamilNilam, e-Dhara, ApnaKhata, Bhuiyan, HALRIS, Bhuabhilekh, Dharni, etc.

At present,

land record

databas'es are being created

& maintained

at tehsils/taluks.

The

databases capture information pertaining to ownership, tenancy, plot details such as area, crop, irrigation, soil, etc. The details captured vary from State to State.

There are about 430 million records in the country with more then 140 million landowners. Land Records data is now digitally available for more then 350 districts of the country. It was felt that this information might need to be integrated at District, State and National levels for the purpose of data warehousing and data mining. To achieve this objective, it is very important to introduce and formats of land attributes and data within the Land Records

uniformity in nomenclature

domain across all the states. From this point of view, an attempt has been made to formulate a Uniform Coding Scheme/Standards, and interoperability. to be followed by all the states to facilitate collaboration

This will facilitate multipurpose information and knowledge exchange within

the Land Resources domain, as well as with other national level databases.

At present land records databases

that are being maintained

in various states are following

state specific codes for different attributes like crop, soil, land use, irrigation, season, are9 unit and location.

Land Records Information

,

is one of the most valuable assets of any Government.

When used

properly, it can help planners and decision makers in taking informed decisions, providing them with strategic intelligence. timely manner. Government This would greatly facilitate the taking of micro level decisions in a land-related data into a meaningful Information Warehouse,

By organizing

decision makers can be empowered with a flexible tool to provide citizen-centric At present,

services and can assess their impact over the intended section of the population.

most of the States have captured their data in computers and copies of Records of Rights are

being distributed from computer centers. The need of the hour, however, is to have a uniform system and storage format for land records maintenance so that national level data A data

warehousing

can ensure better micro and macro level planning of land resources.

warehouse built on land data containing history of property transfers,

division of land parcels,

yield trends, crop patterns, revenue details, etc. can be beneficial to both Government decision makers and citizens in the following manner: Instead of dealing with heterogeneous state-level computerization and sporadic information generated by various

projects, decision makers can access current data with

high granularity from the information warehouse. Decision makers can take micro-level decisions in a timely manner. Decision makers can easily obtain decipherable and comprehensive information

without the need to use sophisticated tools. Decision makers can perform extensive analysis of stored data to formulate effective strategies and policies for citizen facilitation Citizens can easily find information they may seek on land related matters. Citizens can view frequently asked queries in the database saving the time required for processing. Citizens can have easy access to Government policies. Citizens web access to the Information domain data from anywhere. 2.2 Structure Of Current Coding Scheme And Practices In Different States: Basic land records data is available in different registers at DistrictfTehsillevel as prescribed by Warehouse enables them to access public more

the States Land Records Manuals. The number of these basic registers containing land records data varies from States to State. However, there are master registers, which contain details of land ownership and plot details. These master registers are often known as ownership register and plot wise register.

The

plot

details

include etc.),

the crop

soil

type

(black

soil/red

soil/alluvial use

soil),

trees

grown

(Mango/Cardamom

(wheat/rice/maze ... ), land

(barren/cultivable)

etc. The

ownership type of the plot is also specified e.g., Government, , father's name, caste, etc. in plot wise detail.

individual with name of the owner,

Details of kinds of irrigation and water sources may also be provided

All these physical attrib~tes pertaining to ownership and plots, as available in the basic land registers, have been codified during the electronic technological data capturing process. With the current it is possible to convert this

advances in the fields of data and their applications,

Location Crop Code Season Code Soil Type Code Source of Irrigation Land Use Area Unit/Extent Ownership Code Size of Holding Mutation Type Tenancy Type Encroacher Type CastelTribe Gender Encoding Standard

2.3 Suggested Approach: At present computer centers are set up in tehsils/taluks/block to the public & affecting synchronization mutation for issuing records of rights (ROR) national level data

and upd,ation. It is felt that during

or conversion,

least alteration should be made to the existing data and facility.

Only the data ported to the national level data center will have these new codes for the attributes under consideration, to the public. The national This will ensure the continuous availability of the existing facility level data repository will be used for management for National Level Codification information in the

systems and planning. All attributes

will be described

English language to begin with. In order to achieve this uniform coding scheme, the following sequence may be followed: o o StUdy of the various Coding Schemes as available at District and Tehsil Level. Identification of attributes, which may be taken up for Uniform Coding Scheme

across the States. o Preparation of Uniform Code List with code and description for all the attributes as

selected in step 2. o Preparation of look up tables for compatibility with the national level code and the

existing code. o Appropriate technological strategy and approach for implementation. by NIC in consultation with the State Revenue

All the above activities Departments.

may be undertaken

2.3.1 Coding schema: Following are the names of a few land attributes, which may be standardized for uniformity. These . fields would also be relevant for agriculture, irrigation and other related domains. Therefore, it

may be preferable to examine the coding scheme that is being adopted by nodal agencies in different fields. In case of certain fields, their contextual usage is limited, as far as lR domain is

concerned, and may be standardized as per domain needs. 2.3.1.1 location: Recommended Census Definition: location code uniquely identifies a land parcel in the administrative boundary of coding standards: Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India 2001

the Survey and Settlement Department across the States & Country. 2.3.1.2 Crop: Recommended Definition: 2.3.1.3 Season: Database Reference: Attribute: Season Land Records database coding standards: Agriculture Census 2000-2001 Schedules & Instructions

Crops grown in the referred plot of land.

Determination of Soil Classification

to be used for land

Records Computerization, by the State concerned.

as it varies The basic

considerably from State to State, should be determined

parameters can then be extracted from this data for the national level. 2.3.1.5 Irrigation Source: Standards: Computerization of 3rd Minor Irrigation Census (Reference year

Recommended

2000-20001), Ministry of Water Resources and NIC. Definition: It is the name of the field, which is being used to capture information r~garding

irrigation sources in the referred land parcel, plot or survey number. 2.3.1.6 land Use: Standards: Technical Committee on Coordination of Agriculture of India. Statistics

Recommended

(TCCAS) set up in 1948 by the Ministry of Food & Agriculture, Government Definition: Usage of the land.

2.3.1.7 Area Unit IExtent: Recommended Standards: Equivalent in Metric System

Database Reference:

land Records database

Database Reference:

Land Records database

Entity: Individual Land Owner 2.3.1.9 Ownership Type: Land Records database

Database Reference: Entity: Owner

Attribute: Ownership Type 2.3.1.10 Mutation Type: Land Records database

Database Reference: Entity: Owner! Plot

Attribute: Mutation Type 2.3.1.11 Tenancy Type: Database Reference: Entity: Tenant Attribute: Tenant Land Records database

Database Reference: Entity: Encroacher Attribute: Encroacher

Land Records database

Database Reference: Entity: Owner Attribute: Caste 2.3.1.14 Gender: Database Reference: Entity: Owner Attribute: Gender

Land Records database

Land Records database

2.3.1.15 Encoding

Standard: there is need for a standard

.Since Land Records data is available in the local language,

encoding scheme. UNICODE & its standards fonts as available for a specific language may be adopted. The system shall enable transliterated outputs in English in respect of vernacular data

for integration of state level data at the national level.

In order to implement, the uniform coding scheme in all the States, the following activities are required: Study the coding scheme available in the tehsil/districts, Identification of remaining attributes for codification, Data entry in the look up tables and Designing of suitable systems for collating and filtering the data at State and National Level.

The creation of look up tables and entry of revised codes may require 1 data entry operator for 2 months per tehsil for which funds could be provided by the Ministry under this scheme. The cost for the same can be met from data entry funds provided to the States.

Designing State specific systems for merging and integrating data at the State level requires one contract person (Assistant Programmer) for 1 year at each NIC State Unit for which Rs 1.20 lakhs/per State may be provided under the scheme.

For organizing land-records

data into an information warehouse and it's mining at the National

Level, NIC will design software for filtering & extracting meaningful data & its dissemination.

INFORMATION

SECURITY MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM FOR

COMPUTERISATION

OF LAND RECORDS

3.1 Purposes and Scope: One of the terms of reference of the Committee was to deliberate in depth about the security framework for the CLR domain and suggest a suitable framework for security of the system and digital land record data sets. NIC has prepared detailed Security Guidelines for computerization of land records listing the purpose, procedure and security framework, creation and adoption of an Information which also envisages

Security Policy and Standards for the Land Records and agreed to

Information System domain. The committee discussed the security framework the following guidelines;

The Security guidelines primarily focus on the following: To extend necessary guidance and lay standards for the land revenue department various IT-security related issues such as physical, technical and on

administrative perspective

concerns, which need to be addressed from the implementation/operational of Land Records Computerization ISOIIEC at the Tehsil (Revenue circle) level. for cyber security standards.

BS 17799 has been recommended

ISO -BS

17799 is the internationally

recognized security framework, which extensively deals with in terms of 127 controls. According to domain needs 60 127 controls for the security

almost all security mechanisms security controls

have been short listed out of these

mechanism of the land records domain. Information for designers & developers of applications software and databases that

should be taken into account by technology service providers, Security Audit and Risk assessment that are necessary constituents for redl:lcing

vulnerabilities. Important technological workflow environment. devices and methods to strengthen security in the operational

3.2 ~Requirements for building a Security Framework: It has been observed Computerization scenario, by the committee that several states have successfully follOWing proper management security system standards. implemented In such a and

of Land Records

without

it is necessary'to as these

create a security

for land records

documents,

are of immense

significance

due to rising land values.

It may be

mentioned that without adequate physical and. administrative not possible. authentication In the case of digital data, issues

security, reliable digital security is regarding provision integrity and

and concerns Necessary

of data need to appropriately

addressed.

for backup,

storage, archiving of digital data is to be made to fit the requirements

of the domain.

The extent of security management

is directly dependent on risk assessment.

It will be very study. In case of

difficult to determine the severity of the risk without any critical assessment

total automation, any damage to the IT system will have.a very serious impact especially when the manual system of records is done away with. Therefore, the importance of security

management cannot be over emphasised.

3.3 Observations

of the Committee: on the issues relating to security, the Committee made the following

After detailed deliberations observations:

It was noted that the existing manual system has various safeguards, procedures, roles and responsibilities,

descriptive

set out in the State land administrative

manuals. It is necessary that while switching over to an IT enabled system for LR, appropriate requirements steps be initiated to incorporate suitable provisions catering to the

for a secure computerized

environment for Land Records.

Therefore,

it is necessary to accord high priority to confidentiality data, records, process and systems. The Committee PHYSICAL observed that as of today, prime

and Integrity of the available

security

concerns

relate to to have a

as well as CYBER security. Accordingly,

it is necessary

composite strategy for domain security. The Committee is of the opinion that there are several areas pertaining to physical, technological and administrative security that need attention in the existing scenario

of computerized Security

operations at the Tehsillevel. are dynamic in nature. To build an appropriate ~ecurity

requirements

management

system, it is necessary that each state should follow the Security policy

guidelines. Moreover, each state should create a mechanism to continuously assess the risks and vulnerabilities and strengthen security measures through rules,

procedures, responsibilities The Committee understands

and technology. that ISOIIEC BS 17799 is an internationally accepted

standard, which could be used to define the standard framework for the Land Record domain. ISO/IEC BS 17799 standards cover various aspects on policy, review

mechanism, 'risk assessment, Security management system,

confidentiality

and integrity needs for an Information

3.3.1 Recommendations:
In view of these observations, the Committee recommends that the suggestions given below

must be initiated to strengthen the existing security provisions. Adoption of Security policy guidelines and annual audit of security of data software and hardware. Risk assessment for operational sites and security breaches. Policy for hardware, software, system software configuration Policy for Password, Confidentiality and Accountability management.

required

Policy and procedures for backup of data and software for a defined period. Policy for access control of system, data and other resources. Arrangement for physical security of the digital infrastructure.

Technical updates for users and responsible officials. Policy for data access over network and distribution. Provision of documented procedures for legal compliance and security. BUdgetary allocation for an accepted level of security

3.3.2 Approaches for Security

System:

Management

& the Information

Security

Management

The Committee agreed that there is a need for uniformity in standards and protocols for security management and control amongst the states. "ISMS" is an approach by which management information security to reduce risk to an acceptable Implementation can monitor

level to fulfill corporate, requires that:-

customer and legal requirements.

of Security management

Security controls are in place and are effective; Residual risks are acceptable; and Assumptions about threats remain valid.

These security controls as specified in the ISOIIEC specification will help in minimizing the risks of human error, theft, fraud or misuse of facilities. These measures may be adopted to secure confidentiality, accountability and integrity of the system. For this purpose, it is necessary to Physical and Cyber Security in the LR domain, Access etc.

address various issues concerning

Control, Se'curity Awareness and Training, System Configuration,

Data Management,

The document

on security

guidelines

provides

a detailed

description

of various

security

measures to be adopted to reduce risk and curtail vulnerabilities.

Cyber security is an ongoing

process and it is desirable

that security

concerns

should be

addressed and resolved through a permanent mechanism.

Security audit is important for protecting digital data. Keeping this in mind, the Committee agreed that each state should create a security review mechanism and mitigation management Further, it is also recommended third party/expert plans.

that security audit should be carried out for each state by a It is suggested that NIC should take

once the policy is implemented.

necessary steps to ensure application Information system security are: a) b) c) System study;

software security.

The major steps involved in LR

Application Security audit; and Infrastructure audit for known vulnerabilities & configurations.

The security audit should be carried out as per guidelines issued by the Government of India in this regard. The following approach could be followed at various levels:

a.

Physical security and access control at Taluk level

b. System hardening and Incident detection /reporting at site of operation. c. d. e. Workflow authentication, non-repudiation and record management.

Backup and Archival data, software and records. Security updation, Version control and Configuration management

a. Steering committee to review the security of operations periodically; b. c. Incident management Technological mechanism and support;

and financial support;

d. Address various legal & policy issues emanating from field experiences.

Issues Physical Site Security of the

Access Control For Public Work- flow area Server Area Client Area Digital Record Room Equipped with Access Control Device and Lo Re ister Electrical and Fire Safety: As per the fire safety and electrical requirements. (Expenditure to be supported under site preparation fund as provided in existing CLR guidelines - unit cost per Taluk)

LAN Connection: Server and Client Network Device kiosk

4.

HARDWARE: Server Clients Printer Scanner

Protected connectivity to avoid interception of the clinet/server over/through LAN.Entire set-up should be within restricted access area. (No cost as of now. In future hub may be replaced with switch) All servers/clients/printers/scanner should be as per the configuration prescribed in the CLR guidelines. All these devices should be entered in stock register. Each machine should be authenticated. & Valid copy of System Software should be used for installation. The Hard Disk should be partitioned for the Operating System(OS) and data. Funds for this has been provided under the revised tehsil unit cost.

5.

System updates:

Software

Administrator Default accounts Guest accounts BIOS level password Bio Metric Thumb impression Digital Signature (Digital Signature Certificate to authenticate server and client with secure communication may be taken from NIC)

The administrator password should have a minmum of eight characters incorporating the special characters and alphanumeric. All guest and default accounts should be disabled. System should have BIOS password The user is accountable for keeping the password with himself. Only specified finger is to be used in biometrics device. Funds for Biometrics are already allocated under revised unit cost of tehsil. Digital Signature Certificate(DSC) for each site may be acquired from NIC which requires. Rs. 3600 per site for card & readers (one for each machine). Updation of Virus protection with latest Updates

Virus and Intrusion Detection System: - Disabling unwanted ports Version Control: Key validation

Duration of the Land Record application s/w can be extended by request and keys granted by the administrator. - Same version of s/w at all sites Disabling of DrivelDesktop: Floppy Floppy Drive may be disabled Application s/w should run directly at the system startup SQL database should be installed using the authorized CD. System Administrator "sa" password should be changed and protected regularly Authenticated users with password / biometrics. Role based authentication and function All unused accounts/guest should be disabled. Backup of database with password. Stored at different location. Backup under the custody of the officer in charge System before shutdown must prompt for backup. Only authorized s/w should be installed in the server/client

- Desktop should be disabled Installation of DATABASE: - Certified copy Database users password Creation of LRC Users: Authentication authorization and

Role bases Access Unused accounts Backup/Restore Database: of

Routine Check up of the System for unwanted s/w and games:

14.

Use of LR s/w schedule hours:

beyond

15.

Use of s/w on holidays Use of s/w beyond working hours

Use of the computer center and application s/w beyond schedule hours should be recorded and permitted only on permission from competent authority.

Security breaches log/report:

Breaches of security Unintended use of a module Wok flow violation

Documentation

of all breaches & reporting.

16. 17.

Audit log: Backup of Application Language s/w: &

Periodic log will be kept separately in CDs with time stamp LR s/w and Language Related Application s/w will be backed up in CDs with all keys.

In order to improve

physical

and IT security;

backup

of records,

one time capital

investment to the tune of Rs. 0.60 'lakh per site/allocation

will be required for physically

setting the computer center and providing Digital Signature certificate (DSC).

At present,

there

are several

states, 'where

mutation

updation

workflow

has been

automated and computerized

copies of ROR are being distributed.

Keeping this in view,

the Security audit exercise may be carried out by a third party at two tehsils in each state, which is likely to cost Rs. 2.0 lakhs per tehsil. aspects: i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. Expenditure Assessment Vulnerability of present security status and gap analysis; assessment of servers /clients; The study should include the follOWing

Penetration testing; Imparting training to revenue staff/officers involved in managing the project;

Review of risk assessment methodology; and Application software testing. estimates are based upon the projections given by Standardization Testing &

Quality Certification (STQC).

Based upon the security audit and risk assessment, each site in every state may be regulated as per national security guidelit ies. This

wi::

involve

necessary cell.

infrastructure,

portal

management and a small control room at the state-monitoring

Cost-estimates

for setting

up of primary control room, managing operation, (CIRT) Computer

Incident Response Team

and web based reporting and solutions would be about @ 1.50 lakh per State. This expenditure could be met from funds provided for setting up of monitoring cell at State level under the CLR scheme.

DIGITISATION

OF CADASTRAL

MAP AND INTEGRATION

WITH LAND ATTRIBUTES

4.1 Preamble: It may be mentioned that during the first meeting of the committee decided that the Members of the Committee, accompanied held at Bangalore, it was

by Technical

Experts, should visit

various States to study the systems of survey and settlement and the pilot projects of digitization of cadastral survey and maps hitherto undertaken. In pursuance of this decision, 3 teams visited

Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu respectively and submitted their reports on the status of spatial data and the feasibility of their digitization. These reports were discussed in the meeting of the Committee held on 9th December 2004 at New Delhi. On the basis of discussions in various meetings and the outcome of field visits of Committee Members, this Chapter has been prepared on the methodology to be adopted for the digitization of cadastral maps, software

compatibility, level of accuracy, legal sanctity, time frame and cost effectiveness.

4.2 Objective of Digitization

of Cadastral Maps: of spatial records is an unavoidable exigency due to the

The Committee feels that digitization following reasons:

i) Preservation of old and worn out spatial data: It has been observed that the average age of village/cadastral States is around 75 years. maps available in most of the

Most of these maps were prepared during the British regime as a part Over the years, they have been subjected to the vagaries of the

of the Settlement Operations.

weather, continuous and improper handling, and unscientific methods of storage, rendering them fragile and tattered. credibility. Most maps have undergone shrinkage affecting their accuracy and their re-furbishing of Record

Indeed, Govt. of India's scheme of SRA & ULR envisages Preservation

Rooms, but this in itself is not going to save the situation. computerization

of these maps through

is an imperative need under the present circumstances.

ii) Updation of land record data: The scheme of Computerization of Land Records (CLR), which has hitherto concentrated on

textual land record data, has rendered updation of the written land record data fast, easy and accurate. However, regular updation of spatial data has not been taken up systematically in

many States due to the following reasons:

a)

The changes (mutations)

in the textual data are not conveyed to the Survey

Department on a regular and systematic manner b) The departments dealing with written and spatial data are different in most States and, therefore, there is a lack of coordination between them. c) The Survey Department in most of the States has limited staff and infrastructure facilities, and can satisfactorily take up only a small percentage updation. Digitization of spatial data will render the whole process of updation fast, efficient and easy. (It of the cases for

may be noted that simple scanning alone will not serve the purpose of updation in a feasible and practical manner.)

iii) Provision of composite land records information: It has been a long-felt need to provide landowners with composite extracts of their land records with both textual and graphical details. Providing the information about the shape, the size, the holdings is, no doubt, one way of empowering the

boundaries and the layout of neighboring

landowners with crucial land records information. the pilot project of digitization,

Some States, like Madhya Pradesh, through extracts and have found

have been distributing such composite

them to be very useful and in demand.

iv) Modernization of survey: Five to ten years from now, all cadastral survey equipment like Electronic survey operations will be carried out using modern Positioning System (GPS)

Total Station (ETS) and Global

machines, which generate digitized data. with the existing database of spatial data.

It is essential that the data so generated is compatible Only a digitized database of village maps/individual This aspect should be

parcel maps can accept the data generated by modern survey equipment.

perceived as one of the most important reasons for digitization of spatial data.

4.3 Organization of Spatial Data: Broadly, there are two ways in which spatial data has been organized Northern, Eastern and North-Eastern States, accurately in the country. In the

prepared village maps of the scale of In the States to the south of the In the latter case, the

1:3000 to 1:5000 from the basic spatial data is operated upon.

Vindhyas, the basic spatial data is the individual land parcel or the Tippan.

tippans are often created from field measurement data. Here the village maps, mostly drawn to a fairly small scale and are not prescribed for updation of individual parcel. two patterns exist. Thus, measurement Variations to the above

sheets, which are parts of the village maps drawn to the of land holdings has taken data no

scale of 1:1000 to 1:2000, 'exist in certain States. Where consolidation place, the tippans or individual land parcel maps generated

from field measurement

4.4 Implementation

Strategy

for Digitization:

4.4.1 Basic principles: Notwithstanding the survey principle of going from whole to part, while digitizing, one should

ensure that the most accurate spatial data is digitized first.

Thus, in a scenario when the field

measurement book, tippanl gat maps drawn to scale and the village maps, are all available, the most accurate of this spatial data i.e., FMBs should first be taken up for digitization. The survey

number-wise maps obtained should then be mosaiced to get the village maps. With this principle as the background, the different scenarios obtaining in the country should be dealt with for

digitization in the following sequence. Scenario I : Where Ladder Data is the basic record. Create tippan from the ladder I measurement data; where ladderl measurement are not available, scan and digitize the survey number; Mosaic tippans to generate village maps; Use optimization technique to confirm mosaiced individual tippans with the data

transverse circuit and Use the digitized tippans for updation.

Scenario II: Where village map is the basic spatial record: Digitise village maps. Generate survey number diagram; use for updation. Sheet! Gat Map is the basic record. Sheet I Gat Map;

Scenario III: Where Measurement Digitise Measurement

Mosaic various sheets to get Village Map and Use digitized Measurement Sheet I Gat Map for updation

4.4.2 Accuracy

requirement:

The existing maps - whether village maps or individual parcel maps - have an inherent error of around 2.5% because of the primitive methods employed for recording and storing such spatial data. It will not be proper to further increase the error at the time of digitization. could creep in during digitization would be: (a) due to shrinkage of maps; while scanning, the scanned image, (b) While scanning, if the dpi (dots per inch) is low, errors can occur because of skewed pointing and clicking and (c) if the scale of the map digitized is very low say 1: 10000, the thickness themselves can lead to errors. of the lines errors due to shrinkage, get incorporated in The errors that

It is necessary to keep the errors due to the above factors as low as possible. suggestions are made in this regard: i) Use rubber sheeting technique or any two dimensional optimization

The following

technique to

offset the errors due to shrinkage of maps; ii) Use the highest possible scale e.g., use a map of 1:500 rather than 1:10000;

iii) Keep dpi (dots per inch) as high as possible while rastorising and iv) As far as possible, use satellite images to eliminate mismatches In any case, the errors due to digitization should not be allowed to be more than 0.05%. (The rationale for this is that the thickness of a line found on a map is around 1mm. Allowing a 50%

error while rastorising the 1 mm thick line for a scale of 1: 10000, an error %age of 0.05% can be allowed.)

4.4.3 Validation process: Revenue officials should carry out a 100 % validation by edge matching of the digitized printouts with the original maps through the technique of superimposition. the Khasra boundaries should be edge matched. Both the village boundaries and

4.4.4 Mosaicing: In the case of Southern States it will be necessary to mosaic the individual parcel maps to obtain accurate village maps. village map boundaries. traversing which takes While doing so, it will be seen that the mosaiced This is because the village map boundaries into account the horizontal (plan) distances maps spill over the

were fixed by theodolite while individual parcel

boundaries were fixed using the chain and cross staff method wherein the actual distances along the ground are taken into account. This discrepancy will have to be overcome by optimization to the edges and

techniques aimed at pulling in the misaligned points with minimum disturbance the areas of parcels.

4.4.5 Software issues: The pilot projects taken up in various parts of the country have employed various GIS platforms like AutoCAD, Map Info, Arch Info and Micro Station. It is felt that one customized model would

be best suited considering the fact that inter-operability of the spatial data across the states will be one of the requirements. A Software which affords inter-operable GIS operating environment ~ should be adopted thereby obviating the need to deploy, configure and maintain more than one software environment throughout the country. Common features of software that could be used

for textual and spatial data has been given in Chapter-1 of the Report.

It is necessary to keep the errors due to the above factors as low as possible. suggestions are made in this regard: i) Use rubber sheeting technique or any two dimensional optimization

The following

technique to

offset the errors due to shrinkage of maps; ii) Use the highest possible scale e.g., use a map of 1:500 rather than 1:10000;

iii) Keep dpi (dots per inch) as high as possible while rastorising and iv) As far as possible, use satellite images to eliminate mismatches In any case, the errors due to digitization should not be allowed to be more than 0.05%. (The rationale for this is that the thickness of a line found on a map is around 1mm. Allowing a 50%

error while rastorising the 1 mm thick line for a scale of 1: 10000, an error %age of 0.05% can be allowed.)

4.4.3 Validation process: Revenue officials should carry out a 100 % validation by edge matching of the digitized printouts with the original maps through the technique of superimposition. the Khasra boundaries should be edge matched. Both the village boundaries and

4.4.4 Mosaicing: In the case of Southern States it will be necessary to mosaic the individual parcel maps to obtain accurate village maps. village map boundaries. traversing which takes While doing so, it will be seen that the mosaiced This is because the village map boundaries into account the horizontal (plan) distances maps spill over the

were fixed by theodolite while individual parcel

boundaries were fixed using the chain and cross staff method wherein the actual distances along the ground are taken into account. This discrepancy will have to be overcome by optimization to the edges and

techniques aimed at pulling in the misaligned points with minimum disturbance the areas of parcels.

4.4.5 Software issues: The pilot projects taken up in various parts of the country have employed various GIS platforms like AutoCAD, Map Info, Arch Info and Micro Station. It is felt that one customized model would

be best suited considering the fact that inter-operability of the spatial data across the states will be one of the requirements. A Software which affords inter-operable GIS operating environment ~ should be adopted thereby obviating the need to deploy, configure and maintain more than one software environment throughout the country. Common features of software that could be used

for textual and spatial data has been given in Chapter-1 of the Report.

iii) NIC has successfully "Collabland".

developed FMB Map Plotting Software for Tamil Nadu called enables translation of ladder data into map forms, automatic synchronization of

This software

creation of sub divisions, input data in tables, etc.

merging of sub divisions,

Further NIC is in the course of developing

several new

features like mosaicing the FMB maps, use of local languages etc. iv) It is not economical exorbitant. to get the work done from private agencies, as their rates are

The Govt. will save vast sums of money by giving the work to NIC. at the tehsil level can be NIC officials at

v) After NIC develops the software, the data entry/digitisation contracted out or done Departmentally

by the Revenue Department;

the district level, in turn, can supervise this work.

4.6

Recommendations:

Keeping in view the above facts, the Committee recommends the following: 1. Digitization of Spatial data should be seen as an unavoidable exigency and should be taken up throughout the country under the existing Scheme of CLR. 2. Priority for digitization should be given to those districts, which have successfully of textual land records. of both textual and graphic data be seen as a major step in

completed the computerization 3. Composite should extracts

of land records, consisting to land holders;

be provided

this should

empowering the landholders. 4. Various States have different ways in which spatial data has been prepared and maintained. depending Therefore, the manner in which digitization has to be taken up will differ, on the nature of spatial data available. In any case, the most accurate

type of spatial data should be taken up for digitization first. Wherever basic records are not available these should be created first by employing survey and settlement. 5. The maximum allowable error % due to digitization should not be more than 0.05% vis-a-vis paper-based 6. The National maps. Centre (NIC) should be assigned the responsibility of latest technologies of

Informatics

developing suitable software for digitizing spatial data on a time-bound basis. Since the NIC has already developed FMB Mapping Software and has extensively tried it out in Tamil Nadu, it can adapt this Software to fit the systems of other States, which have individual parcel maps as the basic spatial data. For those states where village maps I measurement sheets have to be digitized, the NIC should study in detail the

systems and develop suitable software . . 7. The Software aeveloped environment, should be able to sustain inter-operable GPS operating

so that data sharing across the states is possible.

8. NIC should be sUitably strengthened for undertaking the above task. 9. A time bound schedule as follows should be taken up for digitization.

SI.No. 1.

Activity Adapting FMB Software to suit Southern

Agency NIC

Period 6 months

I Western States.
2. Development N.E. States. 3. Implementation Level 4. Compulsory issue of composite extracts of digitization at Tehsil State Government State Government From 1st Jan 2007 of the report by the 1-2 year Software for Northern

NIC

8 months

of RoR I Cadastral parcel maps *The time schedule Ministry.

given above will be applicable after the acceptance

This report has sought to underline the need for digitization

of spatial data in the country, the

manner in which such digitization should be carried out and the various parameters, which should guide such an exercise. Now that computerization of written land record data is completed in most of spatial data without

of the States, it would be in the fitness of things to take up digitization delay.

5.1 Introduction: One of the terms of reference of the Committee is to suggest modality about the integration of Computerization of Land Records with the registration process to dovetail both the systems and bring transparency, accuracy and genuiness in land transactions. The Committee during its

meetings deliberated upon this subject and decided that the major provisions of the Registration Act, 1908 should not be tinkered with and only necessary changes, which could help in

Integration of Land Records and the Registration process, may be suggested for amendment of the aforesaid Act.

Before going into further

details

and to bring clarity, the processes

of mutation

and land

registration are given below: -

5.2 Land Sales Transactions: Land can be transferred mortgage and tenancy. from one party to another through Any person can
.

sale, purchase, rights on land

gift, inheritance, by succession,

acquire

certain

~urvivoursbip, inheritance, partition, purchase, mortgage, gift, lease or any other right as holder,

occupant, mortgage, tenant of the lan<;land assignee on the rent. Whereas

land is a State List

subject, registration of deeds and documents is relatable to entry 6 of the Concurrent List in the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India.
)

The law on the subject

is contained

in the

Registration Act, 1908, which is a Central Act and the State Legislatures

in its applications to the

respective State can amend this Act, subject to the provisions of article 254(2) of the Constitution. The Registration Act, 1908 governs the prevailing system of land registration under the British Colonial Administration, transfers of immovable and provides for the registration in India, developed of deeds in case of of docuf!1ents

property including lang. registered

The effect of non-registration

required to be compulsorily

by section, 17 of the Registration

Act, 1908 or by any

provision of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 shall be that such unregistered document will not . ~ . '. . affect any immovable property comprised therein nor it be received as evidence of any transaction affecting such property or conferring such power.
J 1 __ ----

The registration

system aims to

provide a public record of land'owners~ip into transactions

to protect individuals from being deceived by entering

relating to properties previously disposed of, and to provide notice of existence and claims. Sales of immovable property are first amount. This constitutes the "Sale

of certain continuing interests, encumbrances executed on a non-judicial"stamp

0

paper of the prescribed

Deed" and is necessary to make the transaction effective under the law. The value of the Stamp

Paper is also known as the stamp duty. transaction.

Stamp duty is fixed as a proportion of total value of the

The stamp duty is payable by either the purchaser or seller, subject to agreements The original sale deed and a photocopy of the same are produced before the at the district level; and the sub-registrar at Tehsil I Taluk level, for The

between them.

District SUb-Registrar registration.

The clerk compares the photocopy with the original and attaches a certificate.

purchaser then deposits the registration fee and is expected to collect the registered document at a later date. However, such registration if its value is one hundred rupees and upwards is

compulsory under section 17 of the Act and the validit registering officer.

of the sale deed is not the conc~rn of the

Different types of Registers & indexes are maintained at the registration office.

5.3 Mutation: Registration of deeds is followed by mutation, which is to register a change in the Record-ofRights of the land maintained by the State revenue authorities. Sale deeds carry no guarantee of

validity of the transaction and therefore offer no conclusive evidence of rights in or on lalJd. Once

,.-------------=------

mutation has been effected, the State Government, through the Tehsill landowner with documentary of land right.
-""'"T

Taluk office, provides the

-

evidence of rights inland, is called Patta, which amounts to evidence

place. The SUb-Registrar to the concerned Tehsildar in a prescribed format intimates registration of transfer deeds of any property. Record of Rights (RoR). This information is used by Tehsildar to effect mutation in the of land records to reflect change in or mortgage. Before within a Once

-~

However, legal interest in land is not created or transferred

.,....-,

"'--

-..

until mutation takes

Mutation refers to the amendment

ownership or other rights in land through sale I purchase, gift, inheritance

making any changes in the RoR, the Tehsildar invites for objections to the transactions stipulated period. the mutation
---

Any objection to the transaction

..,.,.-

...

is dealt with by the Tehsildar's

Court.

is allowed, the Tehsildar

au

issues a notification

to update the RoRs of the land

transferor I transferee.

Finally, certified copies reflecting the latest status of land ownership are

issued to the seller and purchaser, the copy of original record maintained

at the Tehsill

Taluk

level office is up-dated and necessary corrections are made in the village map to reflect the most recent plot boundaries ..

5.4 Need for Integration: In most of the States, methods and procedures. presently, registration system is manual and depends upon old-age

..

The increasing volume of transactions

has led to inordinate delays and process and integrate with of mutation, regular

inefficiencies.

Therefore,

there is a need to computerize registration in order to streamline

the computerization

of land records

the process

updation of land records, enforce genuine transactions and better planning of land use. This will also enable transparency and efficiency in the system.

5.4.1 The following

can be achieved

by streamlining

and integrating

these processes: of land records and

(i) Forward and backward

linkages in term of sharing of information

registration will ensure the speedy and genuine land transactions land records updation.

and along with continuous

(ii) Reduce scope for manipulation of records and under valuation of land and property. (iii) Reducing time required for completing the registration and mutation. (iv) Computerize books I registers will ensure proper control and monitoring. (v) Assist the Tehsildar in initiating mutation process for speedier disposal of mutation cases and updating of RoRs.

The Committee examined the relevant provisions of the Registration few changes in the provisions of the Registration Act are required

Act, 1908 and opined that in order to streamline the

process of land registration and its integration with computerization

of land records.

5.5. CHANGES SUGGESTED 5.5.1 Section 21 - Description

IN THE REGISTRATION of Property

ACT, 1908 Land and houses situated in cadastral number while of the property.

and maps or plans:

the city survey areas are generally registering transactions

not described with their specific

therein. This creates problems in proper identification recommends that after sub-section

Therefore, the Committee

(2) of section 21 of the Act, the

following sub-section may be inserted, namely: "(3) Houses cadastral and lands in surveyed areas of cities shall also be described by their

survey number

as in the city survey maps and records.". of land records, computerized copies of cadastral Therefore, it is

Further, under the scheme of computerization maps should be distributed recommended that the words"

along with the ownership or computerized

details to landowners.

copy of record of rights and map," should be

inserted after the words "true copy of plan or map" occurring in sub~section (4) of section 21.

5.5.2 Insertion

of new section opposed

19A: It may be mentioned that some of the documents to public policy are being registered

relating

to land transactions Registrar.

by the Registrar I Subof the provisions of the

Moreover, such documents

are found to be in contravention Therefore,

law relating to land reforms and certain other laws.

it is suggested that after section

, 19, a new section 19A on the following lines may be inserted in order to empower the Inspector Generals of various State Government to make rules to refuse their registration: "19A Certain Document not to be registered. - (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this of the provisions of

Act, no deed or document effecting any transaction in land in contravention

any law such as a law reiating to land tenure, land use, land reforms or ceiling of holdings shall be presented for registration under this Act.'

(2) If the registering officer is of the opinion that a deed or document

presented

to him for

registration prima facie is in respect of a transaction prohibited by law, he shall refuse to register such deed or document. (3) The Inspector-General may make rules regulating the procedure to be followed by the

registering authority in identifying documents the registration of which shall be refused under this section.".

5.5.3 Section 28 regarding

place for registering

documents

relating

to land: As this Section

permits registration of a document at a place where any portion of the land covered b any deed of transfer is situated, parties can take advantage of that and get the documents registered at a

place where not the bulk of land under transfer but only small portion intended to transfer is situated., Under the provisions of thi~ Section, a f~agmerit of property is being registered with the
""-

Sub-Registrar to avoid the further details of the whole property situated elsewhere.

Therefore, it

is suggested that a restriction should be put on the Registrar / Sub-Registrar to register the

land transaction to the extent of the p'art of the land which falls under his jurisdiction only. Hence, the words "or some portion" occurring in section 28 may be deleted.

--..

.-..".

\,

-=

,-

5.5.4.

Since there is no specific section which fixes the duties of seller or purchaser or both to

disclose the true facts about the transaction relating to land which is going to be registered by way of sale deed, it is suggested that after section 34, a new Section 34-A may be inserted the responsibility their respective on seller and purchaser status as seller of the land transaction as the case to establish may be. for fixing of it is

genuinity

or purchaser,

Therefore,

suggested

to have a separate

section

to deal with such situation

on the following

lines: -

"34-A sub-section

(1): - The responsibility of seller shall be-

(a) to provide the purchaser with (i) a copy of the current entries of Record of Rights, Jamabandi, by whatever name it is called; (ii) a copy of any instrument referred to for recording such entry; (iii) a copy of any cadastral map I plan referred to in any such entry or instrument; and (iv) such other documents as the Inspector-General so far as any such entries, instrument,
,

Khasra, RTC, Khatiyan or

may, by rules, specify; respectively affect the land or lease

plan or documents

except registered encumbrances,

which are to be discharged at or prior to completion of the sale. (3) and to any stipulation to the contrary, at his own interests affecting the land or

(2) The seller shall, subject to sub-section

expense provide the purchaser with particulars of any overriding

lease of which he has, or ought reasonably to have, knowledge; and where the seller is not the owner of the land or of a registered charge giving a power of sale over the land, or the lessee of the lease, he shall, at the request of the purchaser and at his own expense, and notwithstanding

(3) Where, on the first transfer on or after the date of first registration

of land, the seller has, or

ought reasonably to have, knowledge of an overriding interest, which might affect the land(a) the seller shall, notwithstanding section (2) or otherwise, any stipulation to the contrary, and whether under subof the land with full

at his own expense provide the purchaser

particulars of the interest; and (b) the purchaser shall include the particulars provided to him under paragraph (a) in the

application presented to the Registrar for the Registration of the transfer."

5.5.5 Section

- 52 - Duties of registering

officers:

- It may be mentioned that the duties are

fixed on sub-registrar

and registrar under the various provisions of Part XI of the Act to endorse

the relevant memorandum concerned Districts.

I certificate to send the same to Registrar I Sub-Registrar

of the

Moreover

the duties of other officials and courts has been fixed under and instruments which

Section 89 of the Act to endorse the copies of certain orders, certificate are to be sent to Registering endorsement of relevant Officers. But there is no provision I certificate of immovable

in the Act in respect of property to the concerned Therefore, the

memorandum

Tehsildar, which delays the proper updation and 'maintenance Committee recommended that suitable amendment endorsement

of land records,

may be made in relevant sections of Part XI

of the Act to make compulsory

of relevant memorandum

I certificate

by Sub-

Registrar / Registrar to concerned Tehsildar.

5.6 INTEGRATION RECORDS:

OF REGISTRATION

PROCESS

WITH

COMPUTERIZATION in the existing

OF I,.AND of the

In order to facilitate

the changes

suggested

provisions

Registration Act, 1908, there is an urgent need where Computerization be integrated with registration process for electronic data interchange.

of Land Records should It may be mentioned that

land records are generally maintained in the office of Tehsildar of concerned taluk whereas land ~ registration and valuation system is dealt with by the Sub-registrar office (SRO), which is mostly located in the same Taluk / Tehsil head quarters. details of all the registered documents As per the existing procedure, in few States,

are sent to the concerned Tehsildar of Taluk / Tehsil in Keeping the above facts in view, the in

specific format known as J-Slip I Parcha I Parcha Yadast. Committee recommends that the practice referred

as above may be made compulsory

all the States. transactions.

This will enable the Tehsildar to initiate mutation proceeding However, it is observed

of particular land

that in the present system there is a lot of delay in sends the information received by the

exchange of relevant information.

In many places, the Sub-Registrar

weekly or fortnightly to the concerned Tehsildar.

Some times, the information

concerned Tehsildar is not even complete to initiate the mutation proceedings.

5.6.1 In registration

process, there are three main activities.

Firstly, the pre-registration

where

various enclosures like copy of RoR, map sketch, etc., are required to be furnished along with the deed. The second activity is registration where valuation, stamp duty calculation and verification are done for registering the deed. The third activity is the post-registration process where is sent to tehsil

registered deed is assigned to various registers and details about the transaction office in a prescribed format for initiating action for mutation.

Thus, it may be seen that before initiating the registration process, the Sub-Registrar

may access

the digital data about details of ownership from Taluk Computer centre to verify relevant details of transactions to be registered. So both the offices require the data form each other. In order to should

streamline the processes as mentioned above, the Committee be computerized Sub-Registrar, and mutation and integrated. Department processes. Computer Centres should

felt that both the offices

also be set up in the offices of workflow of the registration

of Registration The Committee

in order to integrate recommends

that funds for setting up of computer of Land

Centre at Sub-Registrar

office may be provided under the scheme of Computerisation

Records (CLR). This integration can be initiated with out waiting for the changes suggested by the Committee in the provisions of Registration Act, 1908 in few States namely Maharashtra, Nadu and Haryana which have already undertaken computerisation Tamil

of Land Registration process Ministry of Law

on pilot basis and then roll out to other States. However, Legislative Department, may be requested to examine the changes suggested by the Committee

in the provisions of the

Registration Act 1908 for further streamlining the process of land registration.

5.6.2 The following

are the pre-requisites

for carrying

out the integration:

(1) Same codification for location consisting of district code, tehsil code, village code. (2) Identification of plots should be based on survey number I plot number I khasra number along with hissa number with same format across the state. (3) Same unit of area extent to be followed in both the processes. (4) Nature of classification of transactions such as sale, gift, lease etc. should be same in

both the process of registration and mutation. (5) Both the systems should use same fonts and storage format. (6) Standardization The data exchange of valuation of land and other property. land records and registration should take place over electronic

between

network.

But if the network connection is not available between land records and registration Later on, it can be through e-

system, data exchange can take place through the CD I Floppy. mail and finally through the Computer Network.

However, for meeting the legal requirements,

singed hardcopy of details of registered reference.

deeds should also be sent to tehsil office for future

5.6.3 The registration system can use the information on ownership from land records database, which will help in verifying the deed details and registering genuine transactions. details about the transactions sent by the Sub-Registrar's Whereas, the

Office to the tehsil office in prescribed but also for initiating to tehsil office

format will not only help in finding erroneous mutation notices and processes.

and incorrect transactions

The structure of information to be transmitted

from Sub-Registrar Office should be standardized as mentioned below: 1.lt must contain location details such as Sub-Registrar and names. 2. Identification Number of Document. 3. Details of parties - seller and purchaser. 4. Unit of measurements as standardized. Office code, taluk code, village code

5. Execution date in DD/MMIYYYY format. 6. Consideration amount as stamp duty for the transaction.

7. Nature of transactions such as sale, gift, lease etc .. 8. Same font for local language. 9. Details of registered documents prescribed format. must be generated and sent to tehsil/taluk office daily in

5.7

Software-

National

Informatics

Center

(NIC)

has

been

involved

in designing

and

development

of software for mutation workflow for computerization

of land records.

NIC will of

develop software for automation

of registration process & its integration with computerisation

land records as per user requirements.

Taking the terms and references of the committee into consideration, feedback received from field visits of committee members, deliberations held and decisions taken during various meetings, the committee recommends the following;

6.1 Main objective of the scheme should be to implement an integrated Land Information System
(LIS).

6.2 States must simplify the formats and processes for easy & speedy implementation project. In addition to computerizing crops, cultivation, soil classification, record of rights, all states must computerize

of the

the details of

irrigation, etc. Scanning of basic land records and digitization

of cadastral maps Ivillage maps may also be taken up under the Scheme of CLR.

6.3 All the States should provide computerized copies of record of rights, crop details, maps with boundary details and take steps for filing & tracking of mutation applications. In addition to the

above, States may add on other services, which can be generated from the available digital land records database. States may devise suitable mechanisms for delivery of services to the nearest place for easy accessibility. 6.4 NIC should design integrated software for automation of mutation & registration workflow and digitization of cadastral maps as per the requirements of states.

6.5 States should adhere to the targets set by the committee for speedy and fast implementation of the scheme. 6.6 The appropriate level of operation of the scheme in most of the States woutd be at in a few States, where sub-

Tehsilrraluk/BlocklAnchal/Mandal

at this juncture.

However,

tehsils/circles are discharging the responsibility of TehsilsITaluks, up to sub-tehsil level Icircle.

the scheme should be extended

6.7 In order to overcome the initial bottlenecks, for smooth running of the scheme at tehsil/taluk level, States should be allowed to hire technical manpower for one year, extendable to a

maximum of two years for wl1ich a one time grant of Rs 1.20 lakhs/year per operational unit may be provided under the scheme of CLR.

6.8 In order to maintain scalability, uniformity, inter operability and horizontal integration of the
system & data, it is suggested that all the States should adhere to uniform coding for land records data and attributes, as proposed in chapter 2. Necessary funds for creation of look up tables may be provided under the scheme of CLR.

6.9 The adoption administrative

of security

management

system for CLR domain

comprising

of physical,

and digital security for data, processes and systems as per ISOIIEC 17799/8S is recommended. Necessary logistical expenditure may be supported under physical security,

7799 specifications

the CLR scheme, as proposed

in Chapter 3, for procuring security devices,

carrying out security audit in selected places and designing & managing any security lapses at the tehsil level and for review and response processes. All the States should adhere to the security framework, as given in the Committee Report.

6.10 End terminal connectivity

up to the tehsils/blocks

will be provided under State Wide Area site

Network (SWAN) being established

by DIT in all the States. The tehsil will be operational

however; once connectivity is properly commissioned,

then a centralized data centre at the State

level may be created for regular updation, warehousing & dissemination.

6.11 Concurrent evaluation & assessment

of the scheme may be carried out regularly by a third

party for qualitative feedback and corrective measures.

6.12 Committee

recommends

that village /cadastral maps/tippan updation and preservation

should be digitized under the

scheme of CLR for integration, owners to get computerized

of maps, which will enable the land Due to variation

copy of Record of Rights along with plot boundaries.

in the system of maintenance requirements,

of cadastral map, states may adopt the strategy suitable to their

as suggested in Chapter 4 of the report. However, priority for digitization should be which have successfully completed computerisation of textual land

given to those districts, records.

6.13 The error percentage should not be allowed to go up because of digitization. The maximum allowable error due to digitization should not be more than 0.05% vis-a-vis paper-based maps. maps

Necessary steps may be taken by the States to provide legal sanctity to the computerized c:nd adhere to the time schedules, mentioned in Chapter 4.

6.14

Since large numbers

of mutations are due to sale/purchase process should

transaction,

therefore,

it is with

suggested

that the registration

also be computerized

and integrated

computerization transactions.

of land records, to streamline the record updation and ensuring genuine land

6.15 For electronic data interchange between these two processes, common attributes such as
location, area units, classification of transactions should be uniform and standardized.

6.16 Committee
computerisation

recommends

that

integration

of

computerisation

of

land

records

and

of land registration should be initiated at the earliest on pilot basis in few States suggested in the provisions of the Registration Act, 1908. Funds may be given under the scheme of

without waiting for amendments

for setting up of computer centre in the office of Sub-Registrar CLR equivalent to funds provided to sub-divisions.

6.17 For simplification

of the process of registration

and its integration with computerisation

of

land records, committee recommends Act, 1908 as given below.

few changes required in the provisions of the Registration

6.17.1 Section 21- Description

this section, surveyed following

of Property

and Maps or Plan: as "(3)

After sub-section (2) of Houses and survey Lands in

sub-section

may be inserted

areas of cities shall also be described

by their cadastral

numbers

as in the city survey maps and records." It is also recommended that the words "or computerized copy of records of rights and

digitized maps" should be inserted after the words "true copy of plan or map" occurring in sub-section (4) of Section -21.

6.17.2

Insertion

of new section

19A - This section is inserted in order to empower the

of State Governments to make rules to refuse such of the provision of any

Inspector Generals of Registration

documents relating to land transactions which are in contravention

law and laws relating to land tenure, ceiling of land holding and also opposed to public policy.

6.17.3 Section

28 regarding

place for registering

documents

relating

to land - It is to register the

suggested that a restriction should be put on the Registrar ISub-Registrar land transaction

to the extent of part of the land which falls under his jurisdiction. only. occurring in section 28 may be deleted. of seller and purchaser status as seller or

Hence, the words "or some portion"

6.17.4

Section 34-A may be inserted for fixing the responsibilities to establish the genuineness

of land transaction purchaser.

of their respective

6.17.5

Scope of Section

52:

Relevant sections of Part XI of the Act may be suitably of relevant memoranduml certificate of land

amended to make compulsory endorsement transactions

by SUb-Registrar IRegistrar to concerned Tehsildar.

Suitable consequential

amendment may also be made in Section 69 of the Act.

Sr. No 1

Name and Designation Mrs. Lalitha Kumar, Joint Secretary, Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural Development, of India Government Chairman

Shri K A Mathew, Special Commissioner Survey & Settlement, Tamil Nadu

& Director of

Member

Shri Sukumar Das, Principal Secretary and Commissioner Land & Land Reforms, Government of West Bengal

Member

Shri

N.S.Napalchyal,

Principal

Secretary,

Revenue,

Member

Government of Uttranchal 5 Shri T C Benjamin, Commissioner Survey and Settlement, Government of Maharashtra
6

Member

Shri V K Agrawal, Commissioner Survey and Settlement, Government of Andhra Pradesh

Member

Shri Manoj Shrivastava and Mrs Veera Rana, Commissioner Land Records and Settlement, Government of Madhya Pradesh

Member

Shri N K Napoothiry, Legislative Counsel & Joint Secretary, Legislative Department, Ministry of Law, Government of India

Member

Shri S P Singh, Sr. Director, Department of Information Technology, Government of India

Member

10

Dr.

R Shukla, Technical Director, National Informatics

Member

Centre, New Delhi 11 Shri Rajeev Chawla, Secretary e-Governance, Government of Convener Karnataka

PHASING OF DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SCHEME OF CLR (Time Schedule mentioned below will be applicable after acceptance of the Report)

Actionrequired

Time Frame

by
Simplification of Procedures! State level Registers! formats for committee undertaking basic data entry work & distribution of RoR Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Punjab, Uttranchal, J & K, Arunachal. Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur & U.T, Andaman & Nicobar

Completion of basic data entry Concerned State work, Verification & Validation Government including backlog entry & freezing of digital data.

6 Months

(I) Remaining taluk of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Orissa, West Bengal Maharashtra, Haryana, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Sikkim, 100 Tehsil of Uttar Pradesh, NCT of Delhi & Pondicherry (II) Remaining Tehsil of Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh, Tripura, UT of Daman, Dadra and Nagar Havelli & Chandigarh iii) Bihar, Assam, Mizoram, Uttranchal, Arunachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Punjab, J &K, Nagaland

Data entry of second generation land Records; wherever not done Name of Records: 1) Ownership details 2) Tenancy !cultivation details 3) Crop details 4) Irrigation details 5) Land Revenue 6) Other liabilities / encumbrances 7) Scanning of basic survey settlement records 8) Digitization! Vectorisa-tion of plot details/ FMBs / Village Map

Concerned State Government

(i) Karnataka, Goa, Tamilnadu, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Orissa, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Sikkim, NCT of Delhi & Pondicherry, D&NH. (ii) Haryana, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh, Assam, Tripura, Bihar, Mizoram, Uttar Pradesh, Uttrahchal, Arunachal Pradesh, Punjab

Uniform coding of Land Records data base & conversion: 1) Finalization of Uniform Codes 2) Development of suitable software for conversion 3) Entry in look up tables

State Government

Setting up of computer centers at Taluk level and its operationalization: 1) Preparation of Site 2) Procurement of Hardware 3) Porting of data entry to Taluk Center 4) Operationalisation of center

Concerned State Government

3 Months

(i)Remaining Tehsil of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Orissa, Maharashtra, Chhatisgarh, Sikkim, 100 Tehsil of Uttar Pradesh, 15 tehsil of Himachal Pradesh, 15 Tehsil of Haryana, NCT of Delhi & Pondicherry (ii) Remaining tehsil of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Tripura, Mizoram, Uttranchal, Arunachal Pradesh (iii)Bihar, Jharkhand, Punjab, J&K, Nagaland

1 year

1) Development & Concerned State Completed finalization of suitable software Govt. & State for automation of NIC Unit. 3 Months mutation/updation workflow

(ii) Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, Orissa, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, NCT of Delhi & Pondicherry (iii) West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh,Kerala, Himachal Pradesh,Uttranchal, Assam, Tripura, Bihar, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Punjab & J&K Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala & Pondicherry

2) Development of software for Digitization of Tippan I FMBs: (Collab land - NIC) 3) Development of software for manipulation, printing & integration of digitized village Map in Northern/Central and North East States

NIC HQ in consultation with concerned States Funds may be provided to NIC for item No. (2) & (3) by Ministry of Rural Development as per requirement

Security issues: (i) Finalization of Guidelines

(i) Amendment in Rules & regulation for providing legal sanctity

Concerned State Government

3 Months

Rajasthan, Orissa, Haryana, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, NCT of Delhi & Pondicherry, D & N.H. (ii) Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttranchal, Punjab, J & K, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura & Chandigarh UT

(i)

(ii) levying user charges & Mechanism to put the user charges for maintenance of the project 1 year

All States except mentioned in (i) and (ii) above

Stopping of distribution of manual copy of computerized land records:

Concerned State Government

Completed

(i)

States of Karnataka, Goa, & Tamilnadu have stopped parallel distribution of ROR.

(iii) West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Orissa, Maharashtra, Chhatisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh, Tripura, Uttranchal, NCT of Delhi, Pondicherry, Daman and D &

N.H.
(iv) Bihar, Jharkhand, Punjab, J & K, Assam, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh Imparting training to Revenue Officials on computer awareness & software application Concerned State Government 6 Months (i) Karnataka, Goa, Tamilnadu, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Orissa, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Chhatisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, UttranchaJ, Haryana, H.P., Sikkim, Tripura, NCT of Delhi & Pondicherry (ii) Kerala, Punjab, Jharkhand, Assam, Manipur, Arunachal Nagaland, Daman, J & K, Bihar, Mizoram, Pradesh, D & N.H.

1 Year

Connectivity from Tehsill Taluk to State level (either DIT/MORD IState Govt.)

MRD fund Govt.

NIC/DIT/State

(i) Karnataka, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Orissa, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Haryana, H.P., Chhatisgarh, ' Uttranchal, Andhra Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Tripura, NCT of Delhi & Pondicherry, Daman, D & N.H.

(ii) Bihar, Jharkhand, J&K, Punjab,

Kerala, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland & Mizoram

12.

Creation of Land Records Data warehousingJ Data Mining:

NICwith Concerned State Government

6 Months

(i) Karnataka, Goa, Tamilnadu,

Gujarat 9 Months
(ii) Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, A.P., West Bengal, Rajasthan (iii) Orissa, Haryana, Chhattisgarh,

12 Months

Sikkirn, Pondicherry & NCT of Delhi 1 % Years (iv) Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Uttranchal, Mizoram, Tripura, Daman, D & N H. (v) Bihar, Jharkhand, J & K, Punjab, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland (i) Karnataka, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, GUjarat, Orissa, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Pondicherry (ii) Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttranchal, Chhatisgarh, NCT of Delhi, Daman, D & N H. (iii)Kerala, Bihar, Jharkhand, Punjab, J&K, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram, Nagaland States of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Gujarat have placed land records data on the web, However other States may also take similar initiatives in this reQard.

2 Years

13.

Integration of Land Records database with-(i) Maps (ii) Registration

NIC with Concerned State Government

1 Year

1 % Years

2 Years

14

1) Delivery of ROR through web: 2) Delivery of ROR in villages through kiosks:

State Government State Government