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Cone Gage Shirttail Jet Nozzle/Bore Arm Seam Weld Jet Nozzle Nail Lock Reservoir System Pin
RC Drill Bits
Cutting Structure (MT or TCI) Teeth shape and projection Bearing type (sealed or open) Bearing type (friction or roller) Compensation system Arm shape and protection
RC Bit Geometry Journal (or Pin) Angle Basic element in the design of cone Angles
Soft formations - 33 Hard formations - 36
Journal Angle Journal
Centerline of Bit
Soft Formation
Hard Formation
Of Bit
Of Cone & Journal Of Cone &Journal Journal Angle Cone Angle Oversize Angle Journal Angle Cone Angle
Oversize Angle
Cone Angle Large Cone Angle Soft to Medium Formation Rounder cone profile Gouging & Scrapping Small Cone Angle Hard Formation Flatter cone profile Crushing
Offset
Increased ROP in soft formation More offset increases gouging and scraping (action on bottom)
Less offset for medium formations Little or no cone offset for hard formation Weight applied to crushing rock
Hard
Of Cone & Journal Of Cone &Journal Journal Angle Cone Angle Oversize Angle Journal Angle Cone Angle
Oversize Angle
Intermesh
Intermesh clearance
Prevents packing of formation Better use of space for the cutting structure Greater cone shell thickness Extended tooth/insert length Larger bearing size
Pitch is the spacing between the teeth (Agressiveness and Antitracking feature)
24 Hemispherical
40 Double Conical
Diamond
33% Increment
50% Increment
100% Increment
Roller Bearings
Large Diameter Bits Larger than 13 Low friction Reduces heat Sealed and non-sealed
Tooth cutting structures Generally for top hole and cement drilling applications
Rollers captured in arm Single compensation system Insert and Tooth Generally for rotary and motor applications
Roller-Ball-Roller (RBR)
Radial seal Spring-loaded face seal
Larger than 15 Rollers captured in cone Dual compensation system Insert and Tooth Generally for motor or high energy applications
Roller-Ball-Roller (RBR)
High Energy
Standard
Improve Bearing lubrication through enhanced grease communication (Heat cooling and pressure compensation)
Standard
High Energy
Ample hardfacing is applied to flanks, crests and gage surfaces for maximum wear resistance Steel teeth are sculptured in high wear areas for added hardfacing material
Gage
Flank
Fluid Circulation Purpose Remove cuttings Keep the cutting structure clean Cool the bit Stabilize the borehole wall Shales inhibition etc Drilling fluid Liquid (water or oil-based) Air, Aerated Mud Foam
Bit Hydraulics
With high pressure drop across the nozzles, high velocity fluid flows past the cones and impacts against the formation, flushing out cuttings in the hole
Drilling Fluid
Nozzle Arm
R ock H a rd n e s s V e ry s o ft S o ft m e d iu m H a rd V e ry h a rd
c o m p r e s s iv e s t r e n g t h ( p s i) < 4 ,0 0 0 4 , 0 0 0 - 8 ,0 0 0 8 ,0 0 0 - 1 6 , 0 0 0 1 6 ,0 0 0 - 3 2 , 0 0 0 > 3 2 ,0 0 0
HDBS Unique Anti-tracking Feature (Insert Orientation) (US Patents: 6095262, 6213225)
Grease hand-packed in cavity between seals No means to equalize pressure between seals
Grease hand-packed in cavity between seals Series of small filtering holes in outer seal to equalize between seals pressure
Cavity between seals vacuum filled with lubricant Dedicated reservoir to equalize pressure between seals
Bearing A
12% 24%
Bearing B
487
C29
C49
7.1
A B
5.4
2.9
1.0
487
Optimizing Technology
Bearings system optimized using Bearing Simulation Software, FEA and custom laboratory testers for bearing materials, seals and full scale bit testing.
New Seal
Standard O Ring
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Directed Nozzles
Discussion