Biome Notes

Tundra
Abiotic Factors
60to70north <25cmannualprecipitation 3to12Cinthesummer 20to30Cinthewinter 24hoursofinthesummer coveredinpermafrost northernCanada,Greenland,northernRussia

Biotic Factors
landanimals shorterlegs smallerbodies thickerfur birdsgocommando,arecamouflaged,andmigrateNorth lessreproduction notreesgrowtoocold rootsareveryweak shrubsgrowquickly shortgrasses,lichen,&mossessurvivelate ex.LabradorTeaBusheskeepleavestoconservenutrients

Temperate Grassland
Abiotic Factors
23.5north&south 25100cmannualprecipitation 30Cinthesummer 10Cinthewinter

Biotic Factors
plants grassesbluegemma,buffalograss treesarescarce plantscanregrowafterfires flexiblestalksdontbrakeinwind animals antelope,wildhorses,kangaroos,wolves,coyotes

Temperate Deciduous
Abiotic Factors
23.5north,23.535south 75180cmannualprecipitationequalthroughoutyear 30Cinthesummer 30Cinthewinter temperature&seasonalchangesfromsummertowinterislarge easternNorthAmerica&Asia,westernEurope

Biotic Factors
plantsgrowin45layers 1. maple,oak,birch 2. shorttrees 3. shrubs 4. berries 5. ferns,herbs,mosses animals squirrels rabbits cougards deer wolves amphibians birdsmigratetowarmerareas mostmammalshibernate

Tropical Rainforest
Abiotic Factors
23.5north&south foundinnorthernSouthAmerica,centralAfrica,southeastAsia 250cmannualprecipitation 20C25Cyearround poorsoilnutrientsrecycled,notretained heavyrainwashesmineralsaway darkforestfloor,limitsplantgrowth

Biotic Factors
plants

growinmanylayers relyoneachothertosurvive densecanopyformedbysmalltreesabsorbsmostsunlight shrubsadaptedtoshade vinesclimbtrunksformorelight orchidsgrowontalltrees animals greatestamountofdiversityfewlargemammals adaptedtolivingintreeslittlevegetation mostspeciesadaptedtoonefood/habitat

Temperate Rainforest
Abiotic Factors
foundincoastofChile,NWcoastofNorthAmerica >200cmannualprecipitation 525Caverage coastalfoggivesextramoisture stripsalongcoastlinesbackedbymountains oceanwindsgivemoisturetowindwardmountainsides

Biotic Factors
plants highprecipitationtalltrees mossesdroppedontrees,lichensclingontreetrunks ferns,mosses,fungisurviveinshade animals liveon/nearforestfloorprotectedfromwind&rain insectsliveintreebark&decomposingplants eatenbyanimalswithlongbeaksandstickytongues

Permanent Ice
Abiotic Factors
foundinpolarlandmasses&icecapsofArctic,Greenland,Antarctica <50cmannualprecipitationmostlysnow Antarctic 30C9C(inlandcoast)insummer Arctic 3C14Cinsummer 30Cinwinter strongwinds,littlesoil&freshwater Antarcticacoldyearround

Biotic Factors
plants lichens(fungi,algae)cantoleratecolddroughtsinArctic mosssurviveinArctic,fewsurviveinAntarctica Arctic:100+floweringplants Antarctic:2floweringplants animals Arctic:polarbears,walruses,seals,arcticfoxes,someinsects Antarctica:mostlypenguins,marineanimals

Boreal Forest
Abiotic Factors
4565north foundinnorthernhemisphereCanada,Russia,Finland,Scandinavia 3085cmannualprecipitationlotsofsnow temperaturesbelowfreezing,oftendropbelow40C verywet,roughterrain marshes,shallowlakes,wetlands,wetsoil

Biotic Factors
plants coniferous(conebearing)trees(spruce,fir)withsmall,pointedneedles resistwaterloss,snowslidesoffeasily littlelightreachesforestfloorfewunderstoreyplants animals insecteatingbirds(warblers)migratesouthinfall smallmammals(chipmunks)burrowinwinter largemammals(moose)havethickcoats snowshoeharescamouflagefrompredators insectsmultiplyrapidlyinsummer reptiles&amphibiansraretemperaturestoolow

Hot Desert
Abiotic Factors
30north&south foundineverycontinentAfrica,Australia,South&NorthAmerica <25cmannualprecipitation saltysoilmineralsnotwashedaway 738Caverage

Biotic Factors
plants fewspecies spinycacti,conservewater rootsverylongtoabsorbwater thick,waxyleaves havespines/producechemicalsforprotection animals reptileswiththickskin&scales toads&scorpionsburythemselvesduringheat&drought activeatnightlowtemperatures

Cold Desert
Abiotic Factors
30north&south foundindryregionsofcontinentalinteriors&rainshadowsofmountains NorthAmerica,Argentina,Asia <25cmannualprecipitation,mostlysnow&springrain saltysoil,littlewatererosion 2126Cinsummer 24Cinwinter

Biotic Factors
plants fewplantspecies,lessthan1mtall manyaredeciduouswithspinyleaves rootsverylongtoabsorbwater animals fanthroatedlizards&smallmammalsburrowtoescapecold

Tropical Grassland
Abiotic Factors
520north&south Africa,SouthAmerica,northernAustralia 50130cmannualprecipitation,mostlyinlatespring/earlysummer 2030Caverage mainlyflatland soilnutrientsnotasrichwashedawaybyheavyrain strongwindscausesoilerosion grassfirescommon

Biotic Factors
plants scarcetreeslimitedrainfall fire&grazinganimalskillseedlings grassesaredeeprooted sometrees(acacia)havethornsforprotection animals largegrazingmammalspresentplentifulgrass antelopehaveflatteeth,grindplants antelope,giraffes,zebras predatorslions,cheetahs,leopards mice,rabbits,gophers,snakesburrow escapefire,predators,extremeweather