Simple Present - Present Progressive/Continuous contrasted

1) Use Simple Present routine habitual activities, scheduled events (e.g. timetable) sequence of actions in the present (first - then, after that) instructions things in general 2) Signal words Simple Present always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, every day, every week, every year, on Mondays 3) Form Simple Present infinitive 3rd person singular (he, she, it) infinitive + -s Present Progressive/Continuous to be (am, are, is) + infinitive + -ing Present Progressive/Continuous now, at the moment, Look!, Listen! Present Progressive/Continuous actions happening at the moment of speaking or around the moment of speaking fixed plan in the near future temporary actions trends repeated actions which are irritating to the speaker (with always, constantly, forever)

4) Examples Simple Present Present Progressive/Continuous 4-1 Affirmative sentences I play football. I am playing football. You play football. You are playing football. He plays football. He is playing football.

Simple Present Present Progressive/Continuous 4-2 Negative sentences I do not play football. I am not playing football. You do not play football. You are not playing football. He does not play football. He is not playing football.

Simple Present Do I play football? Do you play football? Does he play football?

Present Progressive/Continuous 4-3 Questions Am I playing football? Are you playing football? Is he playing football?

5) Spelling Simple Present watches (-es after sibilant) goes (-es after -o) hurries (-y to -ie after consonant) 6) WH Questions Simple Present What do you do? Present Progressive/Continuous Sit - sitting (double consonant after short vowel) Write - writing (without -e at the end) Lie - lying (change -ie to -y)

Present Progressive/Continuous What are you doing now?

I. Complete the sentences with the Simple Present or the Present Continuous. 1.He usually ____________ (go) to work by bus but today he ________________ (go) by train. 2.Jane always ___________ (sleep) after lunch but this afternoon she ________________(visit) her best friend. 3. Mary and Peter often _____________(stay) at home but tonight they _______________ (go out). 4. Paul usually _____________ (do) his homework in the evening but today he _________ (play) with some friends. 5. I _________(read) a book every week but this week I ______________ (work) hard in the office.

II. Speaking. What are they doing? Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about the picture.

UNIT 1

MATERIALS

Listening I. Listen and answer the questions. a) What material is the rope made of? b) What is the lecturer doing? c) Is the rope breaking? __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________

II. Listen again and complete the dialogue. A: Im (1) ____________________ the rope. Im (2) _______________________ it. Is it (3) ________________? B: No, it (4) ________________ A: Thats right. It (5) __________________________

Vocabulary I. Match the actions with the verbs in the box. bend compress cut drop heat scratch stretch strike

II. The lecturer is testing other materials. Complete his description. o Now I (1) m heating this plastic to 100 C. Can you see? It (2) ____________________(not melt). OK, now I (3) _______________________ (put) this helmet on the floor. And now the machine (4) _________________________ (drop) a 10 kg on it. Right, now look at Dr Wilson. He (5) ____________________ (strike) the metal plate with a hammer. But the plate (6) __________________ (not bend). OK, now the jaws of the vice (7) ___________________ (compress) this plastic block. The block (8) _____________________ (not break). Now, Dr Wilson (9) __________________________ (hang) a Weight of 500 kg from the ropes. But the ropes (10) _________________________ (not stretch).

Speaking I. What are the people in the gym doing? Describe this picture using the words in the box. bend cycle hold lift pick up pull push run sit stretch touch

II. Ask and answer questions about the picture in 6. A: Whats D doing? Is he pushing the bar up? B: No, he isnt. Hes pulling the bar down. III. Work in pairs. Guess the sport from the mime. Ex: A: Look at me. (Mime the action). What am I doing? B. Are you diving? A: No, Im not diving. B: I know. Youre swimming. A: Yes, youre right. Im swimming.

IV. Write the ing forms of the verbs on the correct line. bend climb cut dive drive drop grip heat hold leave move pull push rise run sit strike swim Add ing Bend - bending Double the last letter and add ing Cut - cutting Drop the e and add ing Dive - diving

V. Theres a problem with the forklift truck. Say whats going wrong. Im pressing (press) the accelerator pedal, but the truck isnt going (go) 1. He ____________________ (pull) the lever back, but the forks __________________ (not rise) 2. You ___________________ (push down) the brake pedal, but the truck ________________ (not slow) 3. I _____________________ (slide) the lever forwards, but the forks __________________ (not tilt) upwards. 4. He ___________________ (pull) the direction lever backwards, but the truck ______________________ (not reverse) 5. You ____________________ (move) the direction lever forwards, but the truck ________________________ (not go) forwards.

VI. Write questions and answers for the pictures. A: Are you pushing the handles? B: No, Im rowing. (you / push / handles)

1. _______________________________________________? (she / walk) ___________________________.

2. _____________________________________________? _______________________________. (you / pull / bar / down)

3. ___________________________________________? _______________________________. (she / bend / legs) 4. _________________________________________? ____________________________. (they / work out)

VII. Complete the dialogue about the engines cooling system. Put the verbs into the present continuous. One verb is used twice: blow drop go push rise run work. A: Is everything OK? B: No. The engines cooling system isnt working. The temperature of the water ______________________. A: __________ the fan _____________ air through the radiator? B: Yes, the fan is fine. A: _______________ the pump ________________ water round the engine? B: Yes, the pump is working. A: Look! That clip on the bottom hose is loose. Water ______________________ out of the hose. So the cold water ____________ not ______________ back to the engine. Tighten the clip. B: ________________ the water ______________ out of the hose now? A: No. Check the temperature. B: Ah! The temperature ______________________. Good!

UNIT II

FUTURE PROJECTS

I. Read the article about a new train tunnel. Complete the specification chart. The Gotthard Base Tunnel The Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT) will be the longest railway tunnel in the world. Engineers are building it now, in Switzerland, under the Alps. They will finish the project in 2016 -2017. Today, many trucks use the roads over the Alps. In future, they will use the GBT. The tunnel will connect Zurich in Switzerland with Milan in Italy. There will be two tunnels. Each tunnel will be about 57 km long. They will run about 600 metres below the old St Gotthard railway tunnel (completed in 1881). The new trains will use electricity. Some trains will carry trucks and cars. Fast passenger trains will travel at 250 kph. About 200-250 trains per day will use the GBT. Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT) Location of tunnel Possible completion date Number of tunnels Length of tunnels Depth below old tunnels Maximum speed of trains Source of power for trains Number of trains per day

Using "Will" Positive

I will help. You will help. We will help. They will help. He will help. She will help. It will help.

Negative
I will not help. You will not help. We will not help. They will not help. He will not help. She will not help. It will not help.

Question
Will I help? Will you help? Will we help? Will they help? Will he help? Will she help? Will it help?

Using "Be Going to" Positive

I am going to leave. You are going to leave. We are going to leave. They are going to leave. He is going to leave. She is going to leave. It is going to leave.

Negative
I am not going to leave. You are not going to leave. We are not going to leave. They are not going to leave. He is not going to leave. She is not going to leave. It is not going to leave.

Question
Am I going to leave? Are you going to leave? Are we going to leave? Are they going to leave? Is he going to leave? Is she going to leave? Is it going to leave?

Future Tense Going to vs. Will

Going to Future facts: Hes going to be 50 next spring. Predictions: We are going to miss the bus. Predictions when there is something in the present that indicates what will happen in the future. Look at the sky. Theres going to be a storm. Future facts: Hell be 50 next spring. Predictions: Well miss the bus if we dont hurry. Often use with the following words: Probably, I think, I dont think, Im sure, maybe Hell probably stay home tonight. I think Ill go to bed early. I dont think Ill go to the movie. Im sure Ill like her girlfriend. What are you going to do next year? Im not sure. Maybe Ill take a trip. Used when we decide something at the time of speaking Would you like tea or coffee? Ill have tea, please. Its hot here. Ill open the window. Used for offers, requests and promises Ill help you to carry those heavy bags. Will you please lock the door? I promise Ill call when we get there. Agreeing or refusing to do something Im mad at John. I wont help him. Will

Preconceived plans, arrangements He needs some tools. Hes going to fix the car.

Complete the following sentences using the correct form of going to or will. Be prepared to give the reason for your choice. (Remember that sometimes you can use either going to or will) 1. Sam feels sick. He ____________________ (stay) home from work tomorrow. 2. I ________________________ (finish) my homework late tonight. 3. I left my wallet at home. Thats OK. I ____________________ (lend) you some money. 4. The sky is very dark. It ___________________ (rain) 5. What time __________ he ______________ (meet) you tomorrow? 6. Frank _____________________ (take) a two week holiday next year. 7. The box looks very heavy. I ____________________ (help) you to carry it. 8. We probably ____________________ (not go) to the party next week. 8

Practice
I. In the following situations choose the correct sentences, a) or b). 1 You are reminding a colleague about the programme for tomorrow. a) Remember that youll meet the supplier at 12 oclock. b) Remember that youre meeting the supplier at 12 oclock. 2 Two colleagues are discussing the future visit by inspectors. a) The inspectors wont allow us to store chemicals in this cupboard. b) The inspectors are not allowing us to store chemicals in this cupboard. 3 Designers are discussing the car models with airbags. a) The use of airbags is going to save more lives in the future. b) The use of airbags is saving more lives in the future. 4 Two managers need the results from some research before November. a) They wont be able to complete the research before November. b) They arent completing the research before November. 5 A senior manager isnt looking forward the next week because hes worried about the tests. a) Tests will be carried out next week. b) Tests are being carried out next week. II. A salesman is describing a new product to a customer. Complete what they say with will or wont and these verbs: give operate deal take be contact install provide need revolutionize warm see. S: This is an excellent new material which _______________the use of solar panels. C: I see, and how many hours of sunshine ___________ we ________ to produce energy? S: It __________ necessary to have sunshine. It ___________ in daylight only. C: __________ it __________ enough energy to warm the building in winter? S: It ____________ the building but you may need additional heating when it is very cold. C: What about installation? S: We ___________ it for you. It ____________ long and you ____________ soon __________ how effective it is. We ______________ you a three year guarantee and if there are any problems we ____________ them immediately. C: When will you be able to install it? S: As soon as we receive your order we ___________ you to discuss a suitable date.

III. Change the long forms to short forms. 1. They are building a new tunnel. __________________________________________________ 2. They will be two new tunnels. __________________________________________________ 3. They will finish the tunnel in 2017. __________________________________________________ 4. The trains will not use magnetism. __________________________________________________ 5. There will be more than 200 trains per day. __________________________________________________

IV. Underline seven mistakes in this report about the GBT. Then write the report. The GBT will be the longest road tunnel in the world. It will connect Italy and France. Engineers will finish the project in 2014. The new tunnel will be above the old railway tunnel. There will be over 300 trains per day. The new trains will use diesel. All of them will run at 250 kph. The GBT will be the longest railway tunnel ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Match these present tense situations with the future intention. 1 The building materials are being delivered. 2 There is a backlog of orders. 3 We're shutting down production. 4 The workers need different interesting jobs to do. 5 This is a very slow manual process. 6 There have been too many faulty goods recently. a We're going to replace the faulty machine. b We're going to build a new warehouse. c The assembly line is going to be inspected. d We're going to automate it in the near future. e The workers are going to work overtime. f. Were going to introduce job rotation.

Listening I. Listen to Peter Douglas from Changing Holidays calling Jerry Harte and complete the chart. Jerry and Sue 1. Where/go? 2. Who/with? 3. How/get there? 4. What /do? 5. Where/stay?

II. Now, make the questions and answer them. 1. Where is Jerry going? 2. ____________________________________? 3. ____________________________________? 4. ____________________________________? 5. ____________________________________? Hes going to go to Norway. _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________

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Unit 3

PAST EVENTS

Start here I. Work in pairs. When did these events happen? Give the approximate year of the first 1. space station 6. Spacewalk 2. telescope in space 7. Man on the Moon 3. man in space 8. Shuttle in space 4. space tourist 9. Crew to enter the International Space Station 5. satellite 10. European navigation satellite Reading Key dates in the history of space flight Event Date 1. The Russians launched Sputnik, the first satellite 5 October 1957 2. Yuri Gagarin became the first man in space. 12 April 1961 3. Leonov made the first walk in space. 18 March 1965 4. The first men, Armstrong and Aldrin, landed on the moon. 20 July 1969 5. The Russians launched the first space station, Salyut 1. 19 April 1971 6. The Americans put the first shuttle into space. 12 April 1981 7. NASA sent the Hubble telescope into space 24 April 1990 8. The first crew entered the International Space Station. 2 November 2000 9. The first tourist flew into space. 28 April 2001 10 The Europeans launched Galileo, a global navigation satellite. 28 December 2005

Form of Simple Past

http://www.slideshare.net/LALA28/the-past-simple-ppt-presentation
Positive I spoke. Negative Question I did not speak. Did I speak? What did you say?

For irregular verbs, use the past form (see list of irregular verbs). For regular verbs, just add ed. Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ed Exceptions in spelling when adding ed after a final e only add d final consonant after a short, stressed vowel or l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled final y after a consonant becomes - i

Example love loved admit admitted travel travelled hurry hurried

Signal Words of Simple Past

yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday 11

The verb "be" has two forms in the past tense: was
and were Singular I was You were He was She was It was To make a question.... Singular Was I ... Were you ... Was he ... Was she ... Was it ... To make the negative add "not" (wasnt = was not / werent = were not) We were at school yesterday. It wasnt sunny last weekend. Was Charles in London last week? Where were you on weekend? Were they ... Plural Were we ... Were you ... They were Plural We were You were

-No, he wasnt. He was in Liverpool.

Practice I. Make questions and answers about the history of space flight. 1. When did the Russian launch Sputnik? They launched it on the 5th of October 1957. 2. ____________________________________? ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________? 4. ____________________________________? 5. ____________________________________? ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

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II. Complete the table of verb forms.

Type A Regular Type B Regular Type C Irregular Type D Irregular Add - ed or d Double the final letter + ed Verb= Past= Participle Past= Participle plan cut put bought sold Type E Irregular Past Participle speak taken write III. Complete the article with the past tense of the verbs given in brackets. Near Miss Over Manchester 25 November Last night, a military jet plane almost _______________(crash) into a large passenger plane over northern England. The incident _________________( happen) in dense clouds 110 km west of Manchester. The Boeing 757 passenger plane _______________ (be) 3505 metres above sea level. At 22.17, the F16 military plane ______________ (pass) at an altitude of 3527 metres. At its closest point, the total distance between the two aircraft ________________ (be) only 36 meters. The Boeing, flight number BA 4058, ________________ (have) 234 passengers, and _______________ (be) on a flight path from Manchester to Greece. The military plane was on its way from Scotland to the south of England. The pilot and passengers on the plane ____________________ (not see) the incident beause of the clouds, but the emergency anti-collision system (TACS) in BA 4058 __________________ (switch) on automatically. The TACS system _________________ (steer) the passenger plane safely away from the military plane. There ________________ (be) no injuries in the incident. IV. Answer the questions about the article. 1. When did the incident happen? 2. Where were the planes? 3. How many passengers were there in the Boeing? 4. What was the distance between the two aircraft? 5. Did the military plane fly to Greece? 6. Did the passengers see the military plane? 7. Was the military plane on its way to the south of England? _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ sent fell Verb check Past Simple Past participle changed stopped

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Speaking I. Work in pairs. Ask and answer these questions. 1. Where / incident / happen 3. What / be / height /of / F16 5. What time / F16 / pass / Boeing II. Ask questions for these answer about an incident. 1. It took place in the Nautilus shipyard. (Where / incident) _______________________________________________________________ 2. It happened in July last year. (When / happen) ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Yes, he wore his hard hat and safety boots. (repair man / hard hat) ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. He used a ladder. (How / climb / to the cable) ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. It was about 8 metres high. (How / cable) ____________________________________________________________________________ 6. It had some bare wires. (problem) ____________________________________________________________________________ 7. No, he didnt, but there was a spark. (get / electric shock) ____________________________________________________________________________ 8. No, it wasnt. It was connected to a generator. (cable / main supply) 2. How high / be / Boeing 4. What / be / flight number / passenger plane 6. How far / be / jet / from / passenger plane

III. Write a short biography about you: when and where you were born, games you played as a child, your favorite toy, school where you studied, etc. Then present it to the class. __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________

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IV. A listening activity. http://dl.dropbox.com/u/40568792/LISTENINGS/33%20Track%2033.mp3 I. True or False 1. Charlie and Maggie were on a school trip. 2. Maggie was worried on the plane. 3. Pablo and Sonia werent friendly. 4. Charlies Spanish was good so he wasnt frustrated. 5. Maggie and Charlie werent homesick after the first few days. 6. Maggie wants to come back to Puerto Rico. II. Answer these questions about the reading. 1. When did Maggie fly to Puerto Rico? ______________________________________________ 2. Who was worried on the plane? ______________________________________________ 3. When did Maggie meet her host family? ______________________________________________ 4. What language did Pablo and Sonia speak? ______________________________________________ 5. Did Maggie understand them? ______________________________________________ 6. When did Maggie come back home? ______________________________________________

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______

Learn about verbs in a funny way! Go to these sites. http://www.eslgamesplus.com/past-simple-irregular-verbs-esl-grammar-interactive-activity-online/ http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_past_quiz.htm http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-exercise-simple-past.php

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Unit 3 "I still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For"

"I still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For" is a song by U2. It was one of the first big hits for the band. The song helps you learn English because it has many examples of the present perfect. The present perfect is a verb tense in English that uses "have" or "has" and a past participle. Here are some examples from the lyrics in this U2 song: I have run I have climbed

Watch the video with the lyrics and pay attention to the examples of the present perfect. Under the video is a listening comprehension quiz. Listen and see if you can fill in the blanks with the correct words.

http://www.learnenglish-online.com/listening/music/stillhaventfoundwhatimlookingfor.html Fill in the spaces with the correct words I have climbed highest _________________ I have run through the fields Only to be with you Only to be with you I have ____________________ I have crawled I have scaled these city walls These city walls Only to be with you But I still haven't found what I'm looking for But I still haven't found what I'm looking for I have ___________honey lips Felt the healing in her fingertips It burned like a ________________ This burning desire I have spoke with the tongue of _______________ I have held the hand of a devil It was warm in the night I was ________________ as a stone

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But I still haven't found what I'm looking for But I still haven't found what I'm looking for I believe in the Kingdom Come Then all the colors will bleed into one Bleed into one But yes I'm still ______________ You broke the bonds And you loosed the chains Carried the _______________ Of my shame Oh my shame You know I _________________ it But I still haven't found what I'm looking for But I still haven't found what I'm looking for But I still haven't found what I'm looking for

PRESENT PERFECT The structure of the present perfect tense is: subject + auxiliary verb + main verb have past participle Here are some examples of the present perfect tense:
subject + + ? ? I You She We Have Have auxiliary verb have have has have you they not not main verb seen eaten been played finished? done it? ET. mine. to Rome. football. WH Questions: -How long have they excavated the mine? -Where have you been lately? Contractions of the present perfect form: -Ive finished my work. - John hasnt seen ET. - Shes been to Rome. Uses -

actions in the past with no specific time activities that affect the present or continue in the present experiences

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For & Since with Present Perfect Tense

We often use for and since with the present perfect tense. We use for to talk about a period of time - 5 minutes, 2 weeks, 6 years. We use since to talk about a point in past time - 9 o'clock, 1st January, Monday.
for a period of time since a point in past time x-----------20 minutes three days 6 months 4 years 2 centuries a long time ever 6.15pm Monday January 1994 1800 I left school the beginning of time been and gone - Shes gone to Portugal (and shes there now) - Shes been to Portugal (sometimes in her life, but she has returned)

Here are some examples: I have been here for 20 minutes. I have been here since 9 o'clock. John hasn't called for 6 months. John hasn't called since February. He has worked in New York for a long time. He has worked in New York since he left school.

Do these exercises I. Fill in the spaces with the correct form of the Present Perfect. 1. I _________________________ (go) to Japan. 2. She ______________________(see) the movie. 3. They _____________________(not eat) Italian food. 4. You _____________________ (meet) my brother. 5. Jeff ______________________(not drive) a car. 6. We ______________________ (speak) to the teacher. 7. They ____________________(not try) Mexican food. 8. _______________ Jen ____________(do) her homework? 9. Bob and Dan ____________________ (make) many telephone calls. 10. The children ____________________ (play) soccer many times.

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Reading
I. Bob and Darren work together. They are talking about interviews for a new sales manager position at their company. This reading has many examples of the present perfect verb tense. Underline them. Bob: We need to make a decision on who we are going to hire for the new salesperson position. Darren: I know. There are a lot of good applicants. So far we have interviewed 10 people and have looked at over 50 resumes. Bob: Well, lets take a look at some of the best and make a decision. Darren: Ok, the first person is Phil. He has worked as a salesperson for 10 years in both The United States and Canada. Also, he has been the manager of the sales department of a large auto-parts company. Bob: Sounds interesting, but has he ever worked in the food sales industry? Darren: No he hasnt. Bob: That might be a problem; we need someone with food experience. Darren: OK, what about Karen? She has worked in the food industry for 6 years. She has been a manager of a major supermarket and worked in marketing for a large meat company. Bob: OK. Has she worked in international sales before? Darren: No, she has never worked in international sales. Bob: Well, that could be a problem. This job will require a lot of international experience. I think we need someone who has worked in an international environment Darren: Well what about Larry? We havent met him yet but his resume looks good. He has been a salesperson in the food industry for 13 years. He has lived in The United States, Canada and Mexico. In the past 4 years he has learned how to speak Spanish and French. Bob: Wow, sounds great! Darren: The problem is we still havent had an interview with him. Bob: Well, lets get him in here and see what he has to say!

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II. Answer these questions about the reading. 1. What are Darren and Bob doing? 2. How many people have they interviewed? 3. How long has Phil work as a salesman? 4. Has Karen worked as a saleswoman? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

5. Who has been a manager in an auto-parts company? _____________________________________________ 6. Where has Larry lived? 7. How many languages does Larry speak? 8. Have Darren and Bob interviewed Larry? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

III. Rewrite the sentences using the present perfect tense. Remember: dont use a time expression (such as yesterday or an hour ago) with the present perfect. 1. My car broke down five minutes ago. My car has broken down.

2. NASA launched the space shuttle fifteen minutes ago. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. A virus attacked our office computers two hours ago. ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. I wrote the e-mail and I sent it to the customer yesterday. ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. The technician took the hard drive out of the computer an hour ago. ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. The exhaust pipe fell off my car ten minutes ago. ________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speaking. Work in pairs. Tell your partner about your experiences, places you have been to, etc. Then change roles.

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Unit 4

ACTIVE vs. PASSIVE

A. Process description First the logs are stripped of bark, cut into smaller sections, and made into chips. The chips are put into a large tank called a digester and allowed to stew in a chemical mix under pressure. The wood pulp that is created by this process is then washed to remove any chemicals and pressed through screens to remove chunks and foreign objects. The pulp is then drained of water to form a mass that is bleached and washed again.

The passive is often used in three situations: 1. The doer of the action is not known. My bicycle was stolen. (It is not known who stole the bicycle.) 2. The doer of the action is obvious or not important. Spanish is spoken in Mexico. (The subject, people, is obvious.) 3. The object is the most important part of the sentence. The diamond was stolen by two thieves. In active sentences the subject goes first. In passive sentences the object, or the receiver of the action, goes first. (Active) (Passive) Jeff stole the money. The money was stolen by Jeff.

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Sample sentences Study the differences in these samples.

For our research studies we normally produce a preliminary analysis. We then publish the findings and circulate them to various experts. This is exactly what we did when we applied for the current patent. We are therefore very surprised that you have contacted us in this matter. We can assure you that we completed all the relevant documentation. In the meantime we will investigate your claims further. For our research studies a preliminary analysis is normally produced. The findings are the published and circulated to various experts. This is exactly what was done when the current patent was applied for. We are therefore very surprised that we have been contacted in this matter. We can assure you that all the relevant documentation was completed. In the meantime your claims will be investigated further.

This list shows the active and passive sentences for all the major verb tenses.
Verb Tense Simple Present Simple Future Active I speak English. I will speak English. Passive English is spoken (by me). English will be spoken (by me). English was spoken (by me). English is being spoken (by me). English has been spoken (by me). English should be spoken (by me).

Simple Past

I spoke English.

Present Continuous

I am speaking English.

Present Perfect

I have spoken English.

Present Modals

I should speak English.

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TASKS I. In the following sentences underline the verbs and decide if they are active or passive. 1. A repeater boosts the electrical signal so that longer cables can be used. 2. Mens tied are usually made of silk or polyester. 3. Nearly all paper can be recycled if it is sorted and contaminants are removed 4. Geothermal energy is produced below the earths surface. 5. The main sources of greenhouse gas emissions include fossil fuel generating plants and transportation vehicles. 6. Manufacturers choose plastic containers for many different reasons. 7. Oil was formed in underground rocks millions of years ago.

II. Transform the sentences from active to passive. Only include the agent when necessary. 1. They filmed The Lord of the Ring in New Zealand. __________________________________________________________________ 2. They have translated Harry Potter into 47 languages. __________________________________________________________________ 3. Somebody stole my motorbike. __________________________________________________________________ 4. We havent seen him for two weeks. _________________________________________________________________ 5. They introduced the Euro in Spain in 2002. _________________________________________________________________ 6. The chauffer will take us to the airport. _________________________________________________________________ III. Transform the sentences from active to passive or passive to active. 1. Researchers developed the laser eye treatment in Russia. 2. The architects will design a new stadium in 2014. 3. Theyve spent over five million pounds on the new building. 4. This song was originally written by The Beatles. 5. She is usually driven to school by her sister. 6. This photo was taken by Ben when he was in India. _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________

IV. Read on the platform the instructions for an oral presentation: A process.

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