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RING TOPOLOGY
Ring network in which each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a circular pathway for signals: a ring. Data travels from node to node, with each node handling every packet. Because a network or ring topology provides only one pathway between any two nodes, ring networks may be disrupted by the failure of a single link. A node failure or cable break might isolate every node attached to the ring. Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI),networks overcome this vulnerability by sending data on a clockwise and a counterclockwise ring in the event of a break data is wrapped back onto the complementary ring before it reaches the end of the cable, maintaining a path to every node along the resulting. The 802.5 networks also known as IBM Token Ring networks avoid the weakness of a ring topology altogether. They actually use a star topology at the physical layer and a Multistation Access Unit to imitate a ring at the datalink layer. Many ring networks add a counter-rotating ring to form redundant topologies. Such dual ring networks include Spatial Reuse Protocol, fiber distributed data interface, and Resilient Packet Ring.

Each device in the network that is also referred to as node handles every message that flows through the ring. Each node in the ring has a unique address. Since in a ring topology there is only one pathway between any two nodes, ring networks are generally disrupted by the failure of a single link.

The redundant topologies are used to eliminate network downtime caused by a single point of failure. All networks need redundancy for enhanced reliability. Network reliability is achieved through reliable equipment and network designs that are tolerant to failures and faults. The Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), networks overcome the disruption in the network by sending data on a clockwise and a counterclockwise ring.
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In case there is a break in data flow, the data is wrapped back onto the complementary ring before it reaches the end of the cable thereby maintaining a path to every node within the complementary ring. The most well known example of a ring topology is Token Ring.

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System of local area network in which each node or station is connected to two others, ultimately forming a loop. Data are passed in one direction only, being received by each node and then transferred to the next node. Access is achieved either by means of a token, passed from one node to the other, or by polling, a kind of inquiry made by a master station. Also known as Ring networking.

TYPES OF RING TOPOLOGY

There are two types of ring single ring and dual-ring. SINGLE RING; -In this only one cable is used to connect all the node on the network, with this when a node failure or cable break might isolate every node attached to the ring. In a true ring topology, if a single computer or section of cable fails, there is an interruption in the signal. The entire network becomes inaccessible. Network disruption can also occur when computers are added or removed from the network, making it an impractical network design in environments where there is constant change to the network.

DOUBLE RING; Double ring consists of two independent rings, a primary and a secondary, with traffic flowing in opposite directions. A computer that is connected to both rings is called a Dual Attachment Station (DAS), and when one of the rings is broken by a Cable fault, the computer switches to the other ring, providing continued full access to the entire network. The double ring is suited to use as a Backbone network.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE RING TOPOLOGY Advantages and Disadvantages of the Ring Topology Advantages Cable faults are easily located, making troubleshooting easier. Ring networks are moderately easy to install. An orderly network where every device has access to the token and the opportunity to transmit Under heavy network load performs better than a start topology. To manage the connectivity between the computers it doesnt need network server. Disadvantages Expansion to the network can cause network disruption. A single break in the cable can disrupt the entire network. One malfunctioning workstation can throw away the entire network.

Moves, adds and changes of devices can affect the entire network. It is slower than an Ethernet network.

Figure 107: A ring network.