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Numerical Control Systems (NC,CNC) and Machine Tools Numerical Part Programming (Manual and Automatic/CAPP) CAD-CAM-CNC Systems Integration Automation in Manufacturing and Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) Flexible Manufacturing Cells (FMC) and Systems (FMS) Sensors and Process Monitoring Systems Rapid Prototyping Methods Computer Aided Special and Nontraditional Manufacturing Methods
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DEFINITION: Effective utilization of computer technology in the MANAGEMENT, CONTROL and OPERATIONS of the manufacturing facility through either direct or indirect computer interface with the physical and human resources of the company (after CAMI). Dominant Operation: Operation: Numerical Control (NC) part programming Common (and narrower) narrower) concept for CAM: Computer assisted part programming Logical Starting point: point: Manual part programming
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DEFINITION: The control of operation of machine tools (M/T) (or (or other sheetworking and welding machines) ) by a sheet machines series of coded instructions called the program, which consists mainly of alphanumeric characters (nembers and letters). letters). Main Characteristics: Characteristics: Preplanned and predictable Therefore, Therefore, NC is a typical form of: Programmable Automation.
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Characteristic Basic Concept 2D Manual Applications 1st modern concept 1st effectively functioning version 1st industrial contract Difficult years 1st industrial success 1st CNC
Description J.Jackard J.Jackards method to control textile looms by using punched cards. Parson Parsons 2-D Coordinate table operated by two people Parsons Parsons NC proposal for milling helicopter rotor blades MIT MITs first NC Milling machine USAF USAFs contract for 100 NC Milling machines to 8 co.s co.s Big opposition against NC M/T in the contractors of USAF PointPoint-toto-point control drill pressed Storing the programs on a computer in add. add. to tapes. tapes.
1961 1970
ADVANTAGES OF NC
IML 332E 332E: CAM Introduction
NC M/T ensure positioning accuracy and repeatibility with their DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION and CONTROLS: Good for making many of the same part. part. Complex shaped components can be made automatically, automatically, with high precision and reliability. reliability. Parts that require a long series of operation can be made with minimal accumulated error. NC M/T can operate in hostile and hazardous environments. environments. Since most work is shifted to offices from the shopshop-floor, floor, production can be monitored by the management directly. directly. NC M/T mostly are capable of conducting more than one machining operation at a time or in a sequence without repeating the part setset-up. up. Minimum idle time and increased productivity. productivity. Interchangeability of work between different production plants. plants.
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NC MACHINE MOTIONS
IML 332E 332E: CAM Introduction
TYPES OF NC SYSTEMS
PointPoint-toto-point control system (Numerical positioning control, control, NPC) NC Drill presses used in drilling precise patterns of holes. holes. Straight cut system Feed rate at each Axis is controlled Andependently, ndependently, one at A time. Used in face milling, milling, Pocketing etc. etc. Contouring system (continuous path system) system) Each servo motor can be controlled in varying speeds in coordination to produce angular lines and curves. curves. Some simpler systems of this type use the method of breaking down the curved into smaller linear segments which are connected to each other in a tiptip-toto-tail fashion. fashion.
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CNC was first introduced in 1970 by replacing the hardwired MCU of a conventional NC system by a microcomputer which accomplishes all the functions of an MCU with its software. software.
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14,000 rpm spindle with HSK-63A adapter 1,575 in/min (40 m/min) feed rate
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ELEMENTS OF NC
Tape (Media) Media) Reader (electromechanical, electromechanical, electromegnetic, electromegnetic, optical etc.) etc.) Machine Control Unit (MCU, sends conrol signals to servomechanism) servomechanism) Servomechanism(s) Servomechanism(s) (amplify signals from the MCU, and send them to servomotors) servomotors) Controlled element (tool, tool, turret, turret, M/T table: table: the numerically controlled part of M/T) Feedback unit (records the achieved tool movement and send them to the MCU)
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Cutting Tool Geometry Flat end mill Ball-nose end mill Kinds of Cutting Edge Solid cutting tools Indexable inserts
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CNC Milling and CAM: Generation of Cutting Tool Paths and Part Programs
UNIGRAPHICS
UNIGRAPHICS
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Machining Nontraditional Processes Rapid Prototyping Robot programming Measurement & ReRe-engineering Metal Forming
Milling, Turning, Drilling, Grinding, Finishing Electric Discharge (EDM: Wire & Plunge), Electro Chemical (ECM), Water Jet, PCB & Micro chip Manufacturing SLA, SLS, FDM, LOM, SGC, Milling Milling Welding, painting, finish, hoisting and conveying, sheet forming CMM (Computerized Measurement Mach.) Sheet blanking and bending in Punch Press, Plasma Arc Cutting, Sheet bending in CNC Press Brake, Spinning, etc... Microchips, Microchips, Printed circuit boards, boards,
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Microelectronic Devices
I-DEAS CATIA PROPRO-Engineer Unigraphics Cimatron WorkWork-NC Power Mill Hyper Mill CAM Works Master CAM SurfSurf-CAM NCNC-Gibbs AutoAuto-CAD based CAM programs ....
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In mass production Better geometric repeatability Combining many operations in one machine Flexibility: Many different parts on one machine Flexibility: Quick and easy implementation of design modifications In production of tools, dies and molds Quick and hasslehassle-free production of complex 33-D surfaces Drastic Time reduction in part programming Accurate production of the geometry developed during the CAD stage and verified in the CAE stage
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Selection of support components and design of functional components Tool Path Generation
Machining (CAM)
Typical processes: electro-discharge machining and CNC machining (turning and/or milling)
Benching
The tooling is assembled Critical dimensions are checked: Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) Hand finishing: Grinding and polishing.
Tryout
During tryout, a limited number of parts are produced with the die or mold Minor changes on the tooling may be necessary for required performance
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ERC/NSM
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CAMAX
FIDIA
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Part File
Part Drawing
Prototypes / Models
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Satisfactory Design
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Polished Cavities / Cores Data for CMM Cavities / Cores Inspection Data for CMM Die / Mold Assembly
Inspected Parts
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Part Design
Process Simulation
ERC/NSM
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Example
Supply
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Glass Window
Logo Insert
Cavity Plate
Ejector Plate
Mold Base
ERC/NSM
PRO-E
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ERC/NSM
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ERC/NSM
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ERC/NSM
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