5/9/2013

BI GING

GV:ThS. V Thin Lnh

Mt s vn cn tm hiu
Gii thiu Matlab
2. C s v Matlab
3. Function files v Script files.
4. ha
5. To giao din trong Matlab.
6. Simulink.
1.

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BI 1.GII THIU

Matlab va l mt ngn ng lp trnh va l mt phn

mm ng dng tnh ton rt hiu qu.
Matlab - Matrix Laboratory
Matlab l mt thng hiu c thng mi ha ca
tp on MathWorks

BI 1.GII THIU
Kh nng v nhng ng dng ca Matlab

Th vin dng sn to ln rt phong ph nhiu lnh vc

Gii quyt cc vn mt cch s hc
Matlab ng dng nhng thut ton kim chng nn kt
qu ng tin cy.
Lnh v hm s dng rt n gin.
C th xy dng nhng hm ring cho nhng ng dng
c bit.
Cung cp th vin hm ha rt mnh.
Cung cp gi ng dng Simulink y m phng.

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BI 1.GII THIU

Qun l khng gian lm vic ca Matlab

Ca s tr gip (Help window)

Nt Start

Ca s nhp lnh (Command window)

Ca s khng gian lm vic (Workspace window)

Ca s qu trnh lnh (Command History window)

Ca s a ch th mc hin thi (Current directory

window)

BI 2: C S V MATLAB
Cc bin v hng s
Hm lp sn
Mt s v d lm quen vi Matlab
Vector v ma trn
So snh v php tnh logic
Cc lnh iu khin chng trnh

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I. Cc bin v hng s

1.Bin

Tn_bin = gi tr hoc biu thc

+ Bin (variable) trong Matlab l 1 k hiu c s dng cha 1 gi
tr. Gm bin ton cc(global), bin cc b(local).
+ Tn bin (variable name): bt u bng mt ch ci, tip theo l cc
ch ci, ch s hoc k t gch chn(_) . Ti a l 31 k t, Matlab
phn bit r ch hoa ch thng.
+ V d :
>> x = 5 ;
>> x = x + 3 ;
+ Bin kiu xu k t ( string )
>> ten='Nguyen Van A'
ten =
Nguyen Van A
Trnh t tn bin trng vi tn cc hm chun, hoc cc t kha ca
Matlab

I. Cc bin v hng s

2. Cc hng

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II. Hm lp sn

sqrt(x) : hm rt cn bc hai
exp(x) : hm e ( e = 2,71828)
log(x) : hm lgarit t nhin ( c s e )
log10(x): hm lgarit c s 10
sin(x)/ cos(x) : hm sin/ hm cos
tan(x) / cot(x) : hm tang/ hm cotang
........
>> help LNH
Mt s hm lin quan n s phc nh sau:
abs(z) : ly moun (sut) ca s phc.
anglc(z): ly gc pha ca s phc.
real(x): ly phn thc.
imag(x) : ly phn o.
conj(x) : tr v s phc lin hip ca s phc z

II. Hm lp sn

1. Mt s lnh

Lnh
clc

Cng dng
Xa (lau) ca s lnh. Mang tnh cht hnh thc,gi tr cc bin
vn tn ti.
clear all
Gii phng ton b bin ra khi b nh. Xa Workspace
clear var1 var2 Gii phng cc bin var1 var2 ra khi b nh.
quit
Thot khi chng trnh Matlab
who
Lit k cc bin hin hnh c trong b nh.
;
Du chm phy ; cui dng lnh ngn khng cho Matlab hin
th cc kt qu ra ca s lnh.

Khi dng lnh qu di cn xung dng, du 3 chm cui

dng lnh bo cho Matlab bit dng lnh cn tip tc dng tip
theo.
:
Du 2 chm : c dng pht sinh mt mng c cc phn t
cch u nhau.
%
Du phn trm % Matlab xem nhng g sau du % l li bnh

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II. Hm lp sn

1. Mt s lnh

Lu phin lm vic vi Matlab

-Lnh 'diary' s dng cho mc ch ny.
Thc hin:
>> diary('diary_file_name')
>> ........ (cc cu lnh ca bn y)
>> diary off

II. Hm lp sn

2. Mt s v d

>>z = sqrt(25)
>>y=sin(pi/4)
>>round(3.8) = 4, round(3.49) = 3, round(3.5) = 4
>>y = 3^2+1
>>x = y/5, z= y\5
>> rem(10,3)
>>c=clock
>> z = 1 2i, abs(z), angle(z)*180/pi,real(z), imag(z)
Gii phng trnh bc 2 trong R : 2x2 + 5x - 3 = 0

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II. Hm lp sn

2.Mt s v d(tt)

Thnh lp biu thc:

>>syms x y;
>>S=2*x+3*y;
Tnh gi tr biu thc S vi: x=2; y=3
>>u=subs(S,{x,y},{2,3})
>>u= subs(S,x,y^2)
Khai trin v rt gn:
>>v=x^2+2*x+1
>>a=factor(v),b=expand(a)
>>c=factor(x^4-1), d=simplify(c)

II. Hm lp sn

2.Mt s v d (tt)

1.Gii phng trnh bc 2 trong R : 2x2 + 5x - 3 = 0

S dng lnh solve
>>solve(2*x^2+5*x-3=0');
2.Gii phng trnh sau theo n b v c: b2 +8c+2b=0
>>solve('b^2+8*c+2*b=0','c')
>>solve('b^2+8*c+2*b=0',b')
3.Gii h phng trnh sau:
>> [x y] = solve('3*x+y+1', '4*y+2*x-1')
4.Gii h phng trnh sau:

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II. Hm lp sn

2.Mt s v d (tt)

Tnh o hm biu thc sau: x3 + 2x +5y theo x v y

>> syms x y
>> diff(x^3+2*x+5*y,x)
>> diff(x^3+2*x+5*y,y)
Tnh o hm bc 2 ca: sin(xy2) theo x v y
>> diff(sin(x*y^2),x,2)
>> diff(sin(x*y^2),y,2)

II. Hm lp sn

2.Mt s v d (tt)

Tnh tch phn sau: x n dx

>> syms x y n
>> int(x^n)
>> int(x^n,n) %bin ly tch phn l n:
b
Tnh tch phn sau: x 2 dx
a
>> syms x a b
>> int(x^2,a,b)
2
Tnh tch phn sau theo y: xy 2 dy
0
>>int(x*y^2,y,0,2)

x dn

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II. Hm lp sn

2.Mt s v d (tt)

Gii phng trnh vi phn sau: y(t) + 4y(t) = e-t

>> y=dsolve('Dy+4*y=exp(-t)')
Gii phng trnh vi phn sau: y(t) + 4y(t) = e-t , y(0)=1
>> y=dsolve('Dy+4*y=exp(-t)','y(0)=1)
Gii phng trnh vi phn sau: y(t) + 4y(t) = e-2t , y(0)=1,
y(pi)=0
>> y=dsolve('D2y+4*y=exp(-2*t)','y(0)=0','y(pi)=0')

II. Hm lp sn

3.Vector & ma trn

Mng: l tp hp s, k t c sp xp c th t
Mng 1 chiu ( vect)
-Vect hng (row array)
>>x=[2,7,0,-3] %cch nhau du , hoc khong trng.
-Vect ct (column array)
>>v=[3;5;6;9] %cch nhau bng du ;
Mng 2 chiu( ma trn)
>> A=[2,4,6 ; 3,5,7 ; 4,6,8]
A=
2 4 6
3 5 7
4 6 8

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II. Hm lp sn

3.Vector & ma trn

Mng c cc phn t cch u

Tn_mng=[ pt u a : gia s : pt cui b ];
Tn_mng=linspace(a,b,n); n l s phn t ca mng
Tn_mng=logspace(a,b,n); tng theo hm log
V d:
Hoc:

>>u= [0:1:10]
>>u= linspace(0,10,11)

II. Hm lp sn

3.Vector & ma trn

Tm nghim ca a thc x3 + 6x2 -11x +290

>>a=[1,6,-11,290]; % cc h s ca a thc.
>>x=roots(a)
Hoc >>x=roots([1,6,-11,290]);
a thc trn c 3 nghim l: x1= -10 v x2= 2+5i, x3= 2-5i
Dng hm poly() kim tra li v d trn
>>r=[-10,2+5i,2-5i]; % cho trc cc nghim
>>poly( r )
ans=
1 6 -11 290
a thc phi tm l: x3 + 6x2 -11x +290.
Lu : cc h s c sp xp theo ly tha gim ca bin.

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II. Hm lp sn

3.Vector & ma trn

Tm ma trn chuyn v:
>> A=[2,4,6 ; 3,5,7 ; 4,6,8]
A=
2 4 6
3 5 7
4 6 8

Truy xut 1 phn t ca ma trn

>> b=A
b=
2
4
6

3
5
7

4
6
8

>> A(2,3)
% truy xuat ptu dong 2 cot 3
>> A(:,2)
% trich vecto cot thu 2
>> A(3,:)
% trich vecto dong thu 3
>> A(:,2:3) % tao ma tran con gom cot 2,3 cua A
>> A(1:2,:) % tao ma tran con gom cac dong 1, 2 cua A
>> A([1 3],[2 3]) % tao 1 ma tran con gom cac ptu dong 1,3 va cot 2,3

II. Hm lp sn
Tn hm
size(A)
length(A)

3.Vector & ma trn

ngha

Tr v 1 vect dng [m n] cha kch thc mng A c m dng n ct

A l 1 ma trn , s tr v s ln nht trong 2 s m,n

max(A)

+ Nu A l vect s tr v pt ln nht trong A

+ Nu A l 1 ma trn s tr v 1 vect dng cha cc phn t ln nht
ca mi ct.

min(A)

Tng t nh hm max(A) nhng la chn phn t b nht.

sum(A)

Tnh tng cc pt trong tng ct ca ma trn A, kt qu cha trong 1

vect dng.

sort(A)

Sp xp mi ct cu ma trn A theo th t gi tr tng dn t dng 1 n

dng cui , kt qu l 1 ma trn cng kch thc vi A

[x,k] =max(A)

Tng t max(A) nhng gi tr cc phn t ln nht c lu trong vect

dng x v cc ch s tng ng c lu trong vect dng k

[x,k] = min(A)

C ngha tng t nhng tr v cc phn t nh nht.

[u,v,w]=find(A)

Tm nhng phn t khc 0 ca ma trn A. Vect u ch s dng , v ch s

ct ca nhng pt khc 0, w ch cha cc pt khc 0 ca A

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II. Hm lp sn

3.Vector & ma trn

V d: Cho mng A=[1 2 -3 4 0 5 -6 ]

>>[u,v,w]=find(A)
>>[u,v,w]=find(A>2)
>>[u,v,w]=find(A<0), b= A(u,v)
>>size(A)
>>length(A)
>>max(A)
>>min(A)
>>sum(A)
>>sort(A)
Tng t thc hin cc hm vi ma trn:

III. Cc php tnh v mng

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III. Cc php tnh v mng

Gii h phng trnh
4x1 - 2x2 -10x3 = -10
2x1 +10x2 -12x3 = 32
-4x1 - 6x2 +16x3 = -16
Cch 1:
>> A=[4 -2 -10;2 10 -12;-4 -6 16]
>> B=[-10;32;-16]
>> X=A\B % dng cho tt c
Cch 2:
>> C=inv(A) %ma trn o ca A, dng cho ma trn vung
>> X=C*B

IV.Cu trc iu khin

if (biu thc logic 1)
Lnh hoc nhm lnh 1
elseif (biu thc logic 2)
Lnh hoc nhm lnh 2
else
Lnh hoc nhm lnh 3
end

1. Cu trc IF
V d : Tnh gi tr ca y theo cc
min gi tr khc nhau ca x nh
sau:
Nu
x<0 , y=0
0 x 5 , y=x2
x>5 , y=25*x
Lnh nh sau :

if x>5
y=25*x
elseif x>=0
y=x^2
else
y=0
end

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IV.Cu trc iu khin

1. Cu trc IF

V d : Bi ton phn loi hc sinh:

Nhp im vo:
o im 9-10 xp loi gii;
o im 7-8 xp loi kh;
o im 5-6 xp loi trung bnh;
o im 0,1,2,3,4 xp loi yu;
nu im vo khng phi s nguyn nm gia 0
v 10 th thng bo im khng hp l.

IV.Cu trc iu khin

1.
2.

diem = input('Nhap diem :');

if (diem == 9)|(diem == 10)

3.

disp('Loai gioi')

4.

elseif (diem == 7)|(diem == 8)

5.

disp('Loai kha')

6.

elseif (diem == 5)|(diem == 6)

7.

disp('Loai trung binh')

8.

elseif (diem>=0)&(diem<=4)

9.

disp('Loai yeu')

10.

else

11.
12.

1. Cu trc IF

disp(Diem vao khong hop le')

end

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IV.Cu trc iu khin

switch <gi tr biu thc>
case n1
< lnh 1>
case n2
< lnh 2>
...............
case nn
< lnh n>
otherwise
< lnh n+1>
end

2.Cu trc switch

V d:
diem = input('Nhap diem :');
switch diem
case {9,10}
disp('Loai gioi')
case {7,8}
disp('Loai kha')
case {5,6}
disp('Loai trung binh')
case {0,1,2,3,4}
disp('Loai yeu')
otherwise
disp('Diem vao khong hop le')
end

IV.Cu trc iu khin

3. Vng lp for

Vng lp for: c s dng khi s ln lp c bit trc .

for n=array % mt mng bt k, khng nht thit l s t nhin
.....Lnh hoc nhm lnh
end

V d : Tnh tng ca n s t nhin u tin: S = 1+2+3++n

n=input('Nhap so so hang can tinh tong n = ');
S=0; %gia tri ban dau cua tong s
for k=1:n
S=S+k;
end
fprintf('Tong so %d so tu nhien dau tien la %d' ,n,S)
%d : kt qu xut l s nguyn.

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IV.Cu trc iu khin

4. Vng lp while

Vng lp while dng khi khng bit trc s ln lp.

while <iu kin>
<lnh thi hnh>
end
V d : Tnh tng ca n s t nhin u tin: S = 1+2+3++n
n=input('Nhap so so hang can tinh tong n = ');
k=0; S=0; %gia tri ban dau cua tong s
while (k<=n) %kt thc vng lp khi khng cn tha kin
S=S+k;
k=k+1;
end
fprintf('Tong so %d so tu nhien dau tien la %d' ,n,S)

IV.Cu trc iu khin

4. Vng lp while

V d 2: Nhp vo cc s t bn phm. Tnh tng cc s dng ti khi

tng ny > 50 th kt thc .m xem c bao nhiu s nhp .
1. S=0; %tng
2. k=0; %cc s dng
3. m=0; % s lng cc s nhp vo
4. while S <= 50
5.
x=input('Nhap cac so tu ban phim x = ')
6.
m=m+1;
7.
if x>0
8.
S=S+x;
9.
k=k+1;
10. end
11. end
12. disp('=> So cac so da nhap tu ban phim la : ')
13. disp(m)
14. disp('=> So cac so (+) nhap tu ban phim la : ')
15. disp(k)

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IV.Cu trc iu khin

5. Lnh break

Lnh break cho php chm dt sm vng lp for hoc while khi tha
1 iu kin no bn trong vng lp nhng n khng chm dt vic
thc thi chng trnh.
V d:

for n=1:10
x=60-n^2;
if x<0
break;
end
y=sqrt(x);
end
disp(y)

Bi 3. Function file v Script files

Chng ta c th vit v lu cc chng trnh

Matlab trong nhng tp tin c phn m rng dng
.m, c gi l cc M-file (V d ptb2.m).

Matlab dng 2 loi M-file l script file (tp tin lnh)

v function file (tp tin hm).

Script file: dng cho chng trnh n gin

Function file : dng cho chng trnh phc tp

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I. Script file
Script file: l M-file n gin nht, khng c i s. c
dng khi thi hnh mt lot lnh MATLAB theo mt trnh t
nht nh.
Cu trc ngh ca mt Script file:
1. Phn ch thch : Vit cc dng ch thch cho chng trnh.
2. Phn u vo: cc gi tr u vo.
3. Phn tnh ton.
4. Phn trnh by kt qu: Dng 1 s hm ca Matlab trnh
by kt qu.

I. Script file
V d1 : Son script file tnh din tch ca tam gic khi
bit ta 3 im trong khng gian. Din tch tam gic
c tnh bng cng thc tch hu hng ca 2 vect.

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I. Script file
1. %File dientich.m : Chuong trinh tinh dien tich tam giac
2. %Du lieu dau vao : Toa do 3 diem A B C l [x,y,z]
3. %Du lieu dau ra : Dien tich tam giac ABC
4. %Bien p chi vecto huu huong cua 2 vecto ABxAC
5. disp('CHUONG TRINH TINH DIEN TICH TAM GIAC')
6. disp(' TOA DO 3 DIEM')
7. a=input('Toa do diem A =');
8. b=input('Toa do diem B =');
9. c=input('Toa do diem C =');
10. p=cross(b-a,c-a);% Tinh huu huong cua 2 vecto ABxAC
11. S=0.5*norm(p);% Dien tich tam giac ABC
12. disp('Dien tich tam giac ABC : ')
13. disp(S)

I. Script file
V d: Tnh tng S=1+(1/2) + 1/3 +...+1/n
n=input ('nhap vao gia tri n ');
S=0; i=1;
while i<=n
S=S+(1/i);
i=i+1;
end
disp ('tong cua day la ')
disp(S)

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II. Function file

Vic xy dng hm cng c thc hin tng t nh script
file. Tuy nhin, i vi hm ta cn quan tm n cc tham
s truyn cho hm v cc kt qu tr v sau khi thc hin.
C 3 im cn lu :
- Tn hm phi c t trng vi tn file lu tr.
- Phi c t kha function dng u tin.
-Trong mt hm c th xy dng nhiu hm con (iu ny
khng c trong script file).
-Kt thc hm con phi c t kha end (iu ny khng cn
trong hm m).
function [gi tr ra] = function_name(gi tr vo)

II. Function file

1. Hm ch c i s vo:
function tenham(in1,in2,)
V d: Gii pt bc 4: ax4+bx3+cx2+dx+e=0
Chng trnh:
1. function ptbac4(a,b,c,d,e)
2. P=[a,b,c,d,e];
3. X=roots(P);
4. for i=1:length(X)
5.
disp(['Nghiem thu',' ',num2str(i),'=',' ',num2str(X(i))])
6. end
Save chng trnh vi tn l: ptbac4.m

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II. Function file

2. Hm ch c i s ra: function [out1,out2,]=tenham
V d: Xp xp th t phn t trong mng X t nh ln
1. function A=sapxep
2.
X=input('Nhap mang X[ ]: ');
3.
N=length(X);
4.
i=1;
5.
while(i<=N)
6.
[tam(i),j]=min(X);
7.
X(j)=[ ];%xoa phan tu thu j cua mang X
8.
i=i+1;
9.
end
10. A=tam;
11. end

II. Function file

3. Hm c i s vo/ra: function[x,y,...]=tenham(a,b,c,)
V d1: gii pt bc 2: ax2+bx+c=0
1. function [x1,x2]=gptb2(a,b,c)
2. if nargin<3
3.
error('Vui long nhap du 3 he so cua phuong trinh')
4. elseif a==0
5.
x1=-c/b;
6.
x2=[ ];
7. else
8.
D = b^ 2 - 4*a*c;
9.
x1 = (-b+sqrt(D))/(2*a);
10. x2 = (-b-sqrt(D))/(2*a);
11. end

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II. Function file

4.Cch gi tp tin .m
a) Hai tp tin ring bit:
%giai pt bac 4
function
X=ptbac4(a,b,c,d,e)
P=[a,b,c,d,e];
X=roots(P);
for i=1:length(X)
disp(['Nghiem thu','
',num2str(i),'=','
',num2str(X(i))])
end
%Save vi tn: ptbac4.m

%tim nghiem max cua pt bac 4

function Y=nghiem_max(a,b,c,d,e)
X= ptbac4(a,b,c,d,e);
Y=max(X);
end
%Save vi tn: nghiem_max.m

II. Function file

4.Cch gi tp tin .m

b)Mt tp tin c nhiu hm ring

%tim nghiem max cua pt bac 4
function Y=nghiem_max(a,b,c,d,e)
X= ptbac4(a,b,c,d,e);
Y=max(X);
end
%giai pt bac 4
function X=ptbac4(a,b,c,d,e)
P=[a,b,c,d,e];
X=roots(P);
for i=1:length(X)
disp(['Nghiem thu',' ',num2str(i),'=',' ',num2str(X(i))])
end
%Save vi tn: nghiem_max.m

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III. Bi tp ngh
Bi 1. Vit chng trnh tnh chu vi v din tch mt

tam gic theo yu cu sau:

Hin yu cu nhp cc cnh a,b,c
Xt iu kin thnh lp mt tam gic:
K cn: a,b,c >0
K : tng 2 cnh > cnh cn li
Nu khng tha k th hin thng bo li.
Tnh chu vi + din tch v hin KQ.
Bi 2. Lm li bi 1 vi yu cu hm c i s vo/ra

III. Bi tp ngh
Gii bi 1:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

a=input ('nhap vao do dai canh a : ');

b=input ('nhap vao do dai canh b : ');
c=input ('nhap vao do dai canh c : ');
if (a>0)&(b>0)&(c>0)&(a+b>c)&(c+b>c)&(a+c>b)
disp ('chu vi tam giac la : ');
cv=a+b+c
p=cv/2;
disp ('dien tich tam giac la : ');
s=sqrt(p*(p-a)*(p-b)*(p-c))
else
disp ('3 canh khong tao thanh tam giac ')
end

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III. Bi tp ngh
Bi 3: Nhp vo dy s, tm gi tr ln nht trong dy?
1.
n=input('nhap vao so phan tu cua day : ');
2.
for i=1:n
3.
a(i)=input (['a(',num2str(i),')=']);
4.
end
5.
disp ('day vua nhap la : '); disp(a)
6. max=a(1);
7. for i=1:n
8. if max<a(i)
9. max=a(i);
10. End;
11. End;
12. disp (['gia tri lon nhat cua day la,num2str(max)])

III. Bi tp ngh
Bi 4: Kim tra xem mt s n c phi l s nguyn t khng?
n=input('nhap vao gia tri n : ');
dem=0;
for i=1:n
if rem (n,i)==0
dem=dem+1;
end
end;
if dem==2
disp ('so vua nhap la so nguyen to')
else
disp ('so vua nhap khong phai so nguyen to')
end

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III. Bi tp ngh

III. Bi tp ngh
Bi 6: Tnh n! ?
Bi 7: Tnh biu thc sau ng vi gi tr n nhp vo:
x x2 x3 x4
xn
S n ( x) 1 ...
1! 2! 3! 4!
n!

function m=giaithua(n)
if (n==1)|(n==0)
m=1;
return;
end
m=n*giaithua(n-1);

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BI 4: HA

NI DUNG:
I. ha 2-D

II. ha 3-D

I. ha 2-D
1. c t kiu ng v

t = [0:pi/100:2*pi] ;
y = sin(t);
plot(t,y,:'); % v ng chm chm
grid on %to li

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2.c t mu v kch thc ng v

c t mu v kch thc ng v ta dng cc tham s
sau:
LineWidth: rng ng thng,tnh bng s im
MarkerEdgeColor: mu ca cc cnh ca khi nh du
MarkerFaceColor: mu ca khi nh du
MarkerSize: kch thc ca khi nh du
Mu c xc nh bng cc thng s:

3. Cc dng nh du trn th

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V d :

x = -pi : pi/10 : pi;

y = tan(sin(x)) - sin(tan(x));

plot(x,y,'--rs','LineWidth',2,'MarkerEdgeColor','k',...
'MarkerFaceColor','g','MarkerSize',10)

ng cong y = f(x) c cc c t sau :

- ng v l ng t nt(--)
- khi nh du hnh vung (s), ng v mu (r)
- ng v rng 2 point
- cc cnh ca khi nh mu en
- khi nh du mu green
- kch thc khi nh du 10 point

t cc thng s cho trc

V d:
x=[0 1 2 3];
y=[0 4 1 5];
h=plot(x,y)
thy cc thuc tnh ha ca hm plot ta dng
lnh
set(h)
By gi ta thay i thuc tnh ca th:
1. set(h,Color, r) %dat lai mau do
2. set(h,'LineWidth',6) %dat do rong duong
3. set(h,'Marker','v','MarkerSize',6)

1.
2.
3.

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Ghi nhn ln cc trc ta

V d
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

x=[-5:0.01:5];
y1=x.^2;
plot(x,y1,'r--')
xlabel('Truc x');
ylabel('Truc y');
legend('y1=x^2')
text(-3,9,' \leftarrow x^2','FontSize',18)
gtext('Do thi')

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4.V nhiu hnh trn 1 trc

V d: V 2 hm y1=x2 v
y2=cos3x,
(rad) trn
cng 1 th.
Cch 1:
1. x=[-5:0.01:5];
2. y1=x.^2;
3. y2=cos(3*x);
4. plot(x,y1,x,y2,'r--')
5. xlabel('Truc x');
6. ylabel('Truc y');
7. legend('y1=x^2','y2=cos
3x')

Cch 2:
1. x=[0:0.01:5];
2. y1=x.^2;
3. y2=cos(3*x);
4. grid on
5. hold on
6. plot(x,y1,'r--')
7. plot(x,y2, 'm--')
8. xlabel('Truc x');
9. ylabel('Truc y');
10. hold off

5.V nhiu trc

Hm:
subplot(m,n,p)
subplot(mnp)
subplot(2,2,[1 3])
subplot(2,2,2)
subplot(2,2,4)
subplot(2,2,1:2)
subplot(2,2,3)
subplot(2,2,4)

x=[-5:0.01:5];
for n = 1:8
subplot(4,2,n)
plot(x,sin(n*pi*x))
end

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5.V nhiu trc

V d:
1. function dieucheAM(fc,fm)
2. Ac = 1; % Carrier Amplitude
3. Am = 1; % Baseband Amplitude
4. m = Am/Ac;
5. t = linspace(0,1,100*fc);
6. c=Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*t);
7. e = (Ac + Am*cos(2*pi*fm*t));
8. u = (Ac + Am*cos(2*pi*fm*t)).*cos(2*pi*fc*t); %DSB-AM
9. subplot(1,3,1);plot(t,e,'r');grid on
10. subplot(1,3,2);plot(t,c,'r');grid on
11. subplot(1,3,3);plot(t,u);grid on

6.Cc lnh v th khc

Lnh BAR: v th dng ct

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Y = round(rand(5,3)*10);
subplot(2,2,1); bar(Y,'group')
title 'Group'
subplot(2,2,2); bar(Y,'stack')
title 'Stack'
subplot(2,2,3); barh(Y,'stack')
title 'Stack'
subplot(2,2,4) ; bar(Y,1.5)

9.

Group

Stack

20

15

10

Stack

Width = 1.5
8

5
6

4
3

2
2

1
0

10

15

20

title 'Width = 1.5'

Lnh POLAR : v h ta cc

1.

t = -pi:0.01:pi;

2.

polar(t, sin(t))

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6.Cc lnh v th khc

Lnh POLAR : v h ta cc

V d 1:

t = -pi:0.01:pi;
polar(t, sin(t))
V d 2:
x=0:0.1:2*pi;
polar(x,abs(sin(2*x).*cos(2*x)))

6.Cc lnh v th khc

Lnh STAIRS: v th dng bc thang
x = -pi:0.2:pi;
stairs(x,sin(x))
xlabeL('Truc x')
ylabel('y = stairs(x,sin(x)')
grid on
1

0.8
0.6
0.4

y = stairs(x,sin(x)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
-4

-3

-2

-1

0
Truc x

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6.Cc lnh v th khc

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Lnh STEM: phn b lc

x = 0:0.1:4;
stem(x,exp(x))
xlabeL('Truc x')
ylabel('y = stairs(x,sin(x)')
grid on
60

50

y = stairs(x,sin(x)

40

30

20

10

0.5

1.5

2
Truc x

2.5

3.5

V d 3:
Son tho script file c tn bai3.m lp biu tng s sinh vin in
T - Tin hc tt nghip ti trng X t nm 1996 n 2001 vi d liu
nh sau:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

% Lap bieu do tong so sinh vien Dien tu Tin hoc tot nghiep
%
svdt=[38 33 36 31 60 70];
svth=[48 54 120 92 110 131];
nam=1996:2001;
subplot(211), bar(nam,svdt);
title('Sinh vien Dien tu tot nghiep tu 1996-2001');
subplot(212), bar(nam,svth);
title('Sinh vien Tin hoc tot nghiep tu 1996-2001');
colormap(cool(5));
Colormap

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6.Cc lnh v th khc

Lnh PIE: phn b % hnh trn

x=[20 45 15 13 7];
y=[0 0 1 0 0] % 1 nhn mnh phn 15,
%chn 0 chng dnh lin nhau.
pie(x,y)
7%
20%
13%

15%

45%

Lnh ginput
fplot('sinc(x)',[-2*pi,2*pi]);
[x,y]=ginput(3) %ly ta 3 im trn th

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II. HA 3D
V d:
>> [x,y,z]=peaks; %hm c phn b Gauss
>> plot3(x,y,z)
>> mesh(x,y,z) %b mt dng li
>> surf(x,y,z) %t mu b mt
>> waterfall(x,y,z)
>> pcolor(x,y,z)%gi tr Z c th hin vi
gi tr mu tng ng
>> contour(x,y,z) %ly ng vin trong 2D

Bi 5: SIMULINK
Simulink l mt phn mm m rng ca MATLAB
(Toolbox ca Matlab) dng m hnh ho, m
phng v phn tch mt h thng ng, thit k h
thng iu khin, thit k DSP, h thng thng tin
v cc ng dng m phng khc.
Simulink c ghp bi hai t Simulation v Link.
Simulink cho php m t h thng tuyn tnh,h
phi tuyn, cc m hnh trong min thi gian lin
tc, hay gin on hoc mt h gm c lin tc v
gin on.

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CC BLOCKS LIBRARY:

Th vin SOURCES
Th vin th (SINKS)
Th vin Phn Ri Rc (DISCRETE)
Th vin Phn Tuyn tnh (LINEAR)
Th vin Phn Phi Tuyn (NONLINEAR)
Th vin Phn u Ni (CONECTIONS)
Th vin BLOCKSETS v TOOLBOXES
.

Cc kiu d liu
Simulink chp nhn cc kiu d liu sau :
double s thc vi chnh xc gp i
single s thc vi chnh xc n
int8
s nguyn c du 8 bit
uint8
s nguyn khng du 8 bit
int16
s nguyn c du 16 bit
uint16 s nguyn khg du 16 bit
int32
s nguyn c du 32 bit
uint32 s nguyn khng du 32 bit

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Cc bc v m hnh
1.T ca s Matlab nh lnh simulink. Ca
s th vin cc khi s xut hin
2.T ca s th vin ta nhp chut vo
File/New/Model hoc nhn Ctrl+ N.
3. Chn cc Block cc th vin thch hp
v xy dng m hnh s dng thao tc
"nhn ko th" chut.

V d 1

Trong s ny chn cc khi t cc th vin:

+ Th vin cc ngun tn hiu (Sources): Chn Sin wave.
+ Th vin cc khi nhn tn hiu (Sinks): Chn Scope.
+ Cc hm tuyn tnh (continuous): Chn Integrator.
+ Commonly userd blocks: Chn Mux.

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V d 2
M phng mt phng trnh dng bin i Celcius
thnh Fahrenheit l : TF = (9/5)TC + 32
Trc ht ta kho st cc khi cn to m hnh:
khi Ramp trong th vin Sources a vo tn hiu nhit
khi Constant trong th vin Sources to hng s 32
khi Gain trong th vin Math to ra h s 9/5
khi Sum trong th vin Math cng hai i lng
khi Scope trong th vin Sinks hin th kt qu.

V d 3: M phng h pt
z1 +z2 =1
-z1+z2=1

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V d 4: M phng pt vi phn
x(t) = -2x(t) + u(t)
Vi u(t) l mt sng vung c bin =1
v tn s =1 rad/sec.

V d 5: Thit k v phn tch h thng

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V d 6: M phng phng trnh sau

Sine Wave

Clock
-1
Product
80

Gain

Product2

eu
Math
Function

Product1

Scope
-1

Constant
Gain1

1.Nhp vo chui s v in ra kt qu tnh

ca:
A) tng bnh phng cc s trong chui?
B) giai tha ca cc phn t trong chui?
C) s nguyn t trong chui?
2. Nhp chui k t ch thng v in ra
chui k t ch HOA?
3. Nhp vo chui s v in ra chui mi vi
th t ngc li?
4. V th v tm cc tr ca hm
f(x)=x^3+2*x^2-1 ?
5. Tnh x^n=?

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6. Vit chng trnh yu cu Nhp lin tip

cc s v khi nhp s 0 th dng nhp.
Tnh trung bnh cng cc s m v trung
bnh cng cc s dng va nhp?

41