2.

003SC Recitation 10 Notes: Natural Frequency From Deflection & Frequency Response

Obtaining Natural Frequency from Spring Deection

Consider a spring whose unloaded length is as shown.

Unloaded spring length

Spring deflection when mass is placed on spring

When a mass is placed on the spring, in the presence of gravity, the spring deects due to the masss weight. The amount of the deection can be seen to be = so k= Recalling that the natural frequency is given by n = or n = g k = m mg m mg mg k

Steady State Frequency Response

Consider a spring-mass-dashpot system subjected to a periodic forcing function.

The equation of motion is mx + bx + kx = F0 cos(t) b k 1 1 k F0 cos(t) x + x = F0 cos(t) = m m m m k

2 x + 2n x + n 2 x = n

x +

F0 cos(t) k

Let x(t) = X out eit F0 cos(t) = X static eit k

Then we can dene the transfer function, H (j ) , as the ratio of the output to the input, H (j ) = 1 X out = 2 X static 1 ( n ) + i2 n

The transfer function (a complex number) can be resolved into its magnitude and phase. The magnitude and phase are functions of the forcing frequency and are given by |H ( )| = and = tan1
) 2 ( n 2 ) 1 ( n

1
2 2 2 ) ] + [2 ( )] [1 ( n n

Steady State Frequency Response - Problem Statement

A large blower is mounted on a steel frame which is rigidly connected to the oor of a building. The blowers rotor is unbalanced, and subjects the blower to a sinusoidally varying vertical load.

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The blower weighs 500 lb. When it is placed on the frame, the frame deects a vertical distance = 0.026 in. When the blower is turned on, the blowers rotor spins at = 1750 rpm. When the blower is installed and turned on, it vibrates violently in the vertical direction. Your assistant has designed some braces which (s)he says will increase the vertical stiness of the base by about a factor of 2, and believes this will reduce the vibration by about the same factor. Do you accept the proposal?

Tasks Draw a (lumped-parameter) model of the system. Determine the systems undamped natural frequency, n , and frequency ratio, Estimate the magnitude of the systems frequency response, |H ( )| . Determine the eect of the proposed change.
n

Steady State Frequency Response - Solution

Model

Frequencies The forcing frequency is = 1750

rev min 1 60 min sec radians rev radians sec

= 183.26

The deection in SI units is, = 0.026in

1 39.37 meters in

= 0.00066 meters

The undamped natural frequency (before the proposed change) is, (n )bef ore =
k m

9.81 0.00066

= 121.88

radians sec

The frequency ratio (before the proposed change) is

bef ore ( = ) n 183.26 121.88

= 1.504

Magnitude The magnitude of the frequency response is given by xstatic |H ( )| = F0 k 1

2 2 2 ) ] + [2 ( )] [1 ( n n

Evaluating, xstatic |H ( )|bef ore =

4

F0 (0.8) k

After the proposed change, Frequencies The undamped natural frequency is, (n )af ter = 2(n )bef ore = 172.36 radians sec The frequency ratio is
af ter ) = ( n 183.26 172.36

= 1.063

Magnitude After the proposed change, the magnitude of the vibration is, xstatic |H ( )|af ter = F0 (7.667) k

Eect of the change... 7.667 |H ( )|af ter = = 9.58 bef ore |H ( )| 0.8

The vibration will INCREASE by a factor of about 10 !!!

DONT MAKE THE CHANGE!!!

MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu

2.003SC / 1.053J Engineering Dynamics

Fall 2011

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