Class Exercise for the 24th of Feb 2010

1. EXAMPLE: Balance on a mixing unit An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide contains 20% NaOH by mass. It is desired to produce an 8% NaOH solution by dilutin a stream of the 20% solution !ith a stream of pure !ater. ". #alculate the ratios $ H2O% feed solution& and $ product solution% feed solution&. 2. 'etermine the feed rates of 20% solution and dilutin !ater needed to produce 2("0 lb m%min of the 8% solution. 2. EXAMPLE: Scale up of a separation process flowchart A )0 * +0 mixture $by moles& of A and , is separated into t!o fractions. A flo!chart of the process is sho!n here. It is desired to achie-e the same separation !ith a continuous feed of "2.0 lb*moles%h. /cale the flo!chart accordin ly.

. EXAMPLE: Material !alances on a "istillation column A mixture containin +.% ben0ene $,& and ..% toluene $1& by mass is fed to a distillation column. An o-erhead stream of 2. !t% , is produced3 and 8% of the ben0ene fed to the column lea-es in the bottom stream. 1he feed rate is 2000 4 %h. 'etermine the o-erhead flo! rate and the mass flo! rates of ben0ene and toluene in the bottom stream #. EXAMPLE: $wo %nit &istillation Process A labeled flo!chart of a continuous steady*state t!o*unit distillation process is sho!n belo!. 5ach stream contains t!o components3 A and ,3 in different proportions. 1hree streams !hose flo! rates and%or compositions are not 4no!n are labeled "3 2 and (. #alculate the un4no!n flo! rates and compositions of streams "3 23 and (.

'. EXAMPLE: (eaction Stoichiometr)

Dr M Hassan Chapter 4 for PENG 373 Pa e 1

Class Exercise for the 24th of Feb 2010

Acrylonitrile is produced by the reaction of propylene3 ammonia3 and oxy en.

1he feed contains "0 mole% propylene3 "2% ammonia3 and 68% air. A fractional con-ersion of (0% of the limitin reactant is achie-ed. 'etermine !hich reactant is limitin 3 the percenta e by !hich each of the other reactants is in excess3 and the molar flo! rates of all product as constituents for a (0% con-ersion of the limitin reactant3 ta4in "00 mol of feed as a basis. *. EXAMPLE: #onsider the follo!in pair of reactions.A 7 2, $desired& A 7 # $undesired& "00 moles of A are fed to a batch reactor and the final product contains "0 mol of A3 ")0 mol of , and "0 mol of #. #alculate $"& percenta e yield of ,3 $2& the selecti-ity of , relati-e to # and $(& the extents of the reactions. +. EXAMPLE: ,om!ustion of Methane 8ethane is burned !ith oxy en to yield carbon dioxide and !ater. 1he feed contains 20 mole% #H+3 )0% O23 and 20% #O23 and a 20% con-ersion of the limitin reactant is achie-ed. #alculate the molar composition of the product stream usin $"& balances on molecular species3 $2& atomic balances3 $(& the extent of reaction. -. EXAMPLE: (ec)cle an" Purge in the S)nthesis of Ammonia 1he fresh feed to an ammonia production process contains 2+.6. mole % nitro en3 6+.2. mole% hydro en3 and the balance inerts $I&. 1he feed is combined !ith a recycle stream containin the same species3 and the combined stream is fed to a reactor in !hich a 2.% sin le*pass con-ersion of nitro en is achie-ed. 1he products pass throu h a condenser in !hich essentially all of the ammonia is remo-ed3 and the remainin ases are recycled. Ho!e-er3 to pre-ent buildup of the inerts in the system3 a pur e stream must be ta4en off. 1he recycle stream contains "2.. mole% inerts. #alculate the o-erall con-ersion of nitro en3 the ratio $moles pur e as%mole of as lea-in the condenser&3 and the ratio $moles fresh feed%mole fed to the reactor&. 2. EXAMPLE: &r) Basis % .et Basis An /rsat anal)sis $a technique for stac4 as analysis& yields the follo!in dry basis composition9 O2 "0% #O ""% #O2 "+% N2 ).% A humidity measurement sho!s that the mole fraction of H 2O in the stac4 as is 0.06. #alculate the stac4 as composition on a !et basis. 10. EXAMPLE: $heoretical an" Excess Air One hundred mol per hour of butane $# +H"0& and .000 mol per hour of air are fed into a combustion reactor. #alculate the percent excess air. 11. EXAMPLE: ,om!ustion of Ethane 5thane $#2H)& is burned !ith .0% excess air. 1he percenta e con-ersion of the ethane is 20%: of the ethane burned3 2.% reacts to form #O and the balance to form #O 2. #alculate the composition of the fuel as and the ratio of !ater to dry fuel as.

Dr M Hassan Chapter 4 for PENG 373

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