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Code: 9A01304

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(Civil Engineering)

B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14 FLUID MECHANICS Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) (b) 2 (a) Explain about pressure and state Pascals law. Define pressure. What are the different units of pressure? A circular plate of diameter 1.2 m is placed vertically in water in such a way that the centre of the plate is 2.5 m below the free surface of the water. Determine the total pressure and centre of pressure. Explain about centre of pressure. Two velocity components are given in the following cases find the third component such that they satisfy the continuity equation. u = x3 + y2 + 2z2; v = x2y yz xy; u = log (y2 + z2); v = log (x2 + z2). A pipe of diameter 500 mm carries water at a velocity of 25 m/s. The pressures at the points A and B are given as 30.43 N/cm2 and 20.5 N/cm2 respectively while the datum head at A and B are 28 m and 32 m. Find the loss of head between A and B. Explain about surface and body forces. A smooth flat plate of length 5 m and width 2 m is moving with a velocity of 4 m/s in stationary air of density 1.25 kg/m3 and kinematic viscosity 1.5 10-5 m2/s. Determine thickness of the boundary layer at the trailing edge of the smooth plate. Find the total drag on one side of the plate assuming that the boundary layer is turbulent from the very beginning. Derive the equation to find velocity at a particular point from the centre of an inclined pipe through which laminar flow is there. A pipe of diameter 20 cm and length 2000 m connects two reservoirs, having difference of water levels as 20 m. Determine the discharge through the pipe. If an additional pipe of diameter 20 cm and length 1200 m is attached to the last 1200 m length of the existing pipe, find the increase in the discharge. Take f = 0.015 and neglect minor losses. A venturimeter with 200 mm at inlet and 100 mm throat is laid with axis horizontal and is used for measuring the flow of oil of specific gravity 0.8. The difference of levels in the U-tube differential manometer reads 180 mm of mercury and 11.52 103 kg of oil is collected in 4 minutes. Calculate the discharge coefficient for the meter. Take specific gravity of mercury as 13.6. Max Marks: 70

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Code: 9A01304

2
(Civil Engineering)

B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14 FLUID MECHANICS Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) (b) 2 Calculate the specific weight, specic mass, specic volume and specic gravity of a liquid having a volume of 6 m3 and weight of 44 kN. Distinguish between simple manometer and a differential manometer. An annular plate 3 m external diameter and 1.5 m diameter with its greatest and least depths below the surface being 3.6 m and 1.2 m respectively. Calculate the magnitude, direction and location of the force acting upon one side of the plate due to water pressure. What is meant by stream line, path line, streak line and stream tube? What is continuity equation? Explain. Name the different forces present in the fluid flow. For the Eulers equation of motion, which forces are taken into consideration? A pipe line carrying oil (Specific gravity = 0.8) changes in diameter from 300 mm at position 1 to 600 mm diameter at position 2 which is 5 meters at a higher level. If the pressures at positions 2 2 1 and 2 are 100 kN/m and 60 kN/m respectively and the discharge is 300 lps, find loss of head and direction of flow. A thin plate is moving in still atmospheric air at a velocity of 6 m/s. The length of the plate is 0.6 m and width 0.5 m. Calculate the thickness of the boundary layer at the end of the plate and drag force on one side of the plate. Take density for air as 1.3 kg/m3 and kinematic viscosity 0.18 stokes. Lubricating oil of specific gravity 0.82 and dynamic viscosity 12.066 x 10-2 Ns/m2 is pumped at a rate of 0.02 m3/s, through a 0.15 m diameter 300 m long pipe. Calculate the pressure drop, average shear stress at the wall of the pipe and the power required to maintain flow if the pipe is inclined at 15 degree with the horizontal and the flow is in downward direction. A 150 mm diameter pipe reduces in diameter abruptly to 100 mm diameter. If the pipe carries water at 30 liters per second, calculate the pressure loss across the contraction. Take the coefficient of contraction as 0.6. A broad -crested weir of length 40 m has 400 mm height of water above its crest. Find the maximum discharge. Take Cd = 0.60. Neglect velocity approach. If the velocity approach is to be taken into consideration, find the maximum discharge when the channel has a crosssectional area of 40 m2 on the upstream side. Max Marks: 70

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Code: 9A01304

3
(Civil Engineering)

B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14 FLUID MECHANICS Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) (b) Explain about the effect of temperature and pressure on viscosity. A plate 0.05 mm distant from a fixed plate moves at 1.2 m/s and requires a force of 2.2 N/m2 to maintain this speed. Find the viscosity of the fluid between the plates. Derive the expression for total pressure and centre of pressure for vertical plane surface. State continuity equation. The diameters of a pipe at the section 1 and 2 are 200 mm and 300 mm respectively. If the velocity of water flowing through the pipe at section 1 is 4 m/s, find: (ii) Discharge through the pipe. (ii) Velocity of water at section 2. A pipe 200 m long slopes down at 1 in 100 and tapers from 600 mm diameter at the higher end to 300 m at the lower end and carries 100 lit/sec of oil of specific gravity 0.8. If the 2 pressure at the higher end is 60 kN/m . Neglecting all losses, determine: (i) Velocities at the two ends. (ii) Pressure at the lower end. Water is flowing over a smooth plate having a length of 4 m and a width of 2 m at a velocity of 1 m/s. If boundary layer changes from laminar to turbulent at a Reynolds number 5 105, find the distance from leading edge up to which boundary layer is laminar, the thickness of the boundary layer at the transition point and the drag force on one side of the plate. Take dynamic viscosity of water = 9.81 10-4 Ns/m2. Explain Reynolds experiment. Mention the laws of fluid friction for turbulent flow. A main pipe divides into two parallel pipes which again forms one pipe. The length and diameter for the first parallel pipe are 2000 m and 1.0 m respectively, while the length and diameter of second parallel pipe are 2000 m and 0.8 m. Find the rate of flow in each parallel pipe, if total flow in the main is 3 m3/s. The co-efficient of friction for each parallel pipe is same and equal to 0.005. An orifice meter with orifice diameter 15 cm is inserted in a pipe of 30 cm diameter. The pressure difference measured by a mercury oil differential manometer on the two sides of the orifice meter gives a reading of 50 cm of mercury. Find the rate of flow of oil of specific gravity 0.9 when the coefficient of discharge of the meter = 0.64. Max Marks: 70

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Code: 9A01304

4
(Civil Engineering)

B.Tech II Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14 FLUID MECHANICS Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** 1 (a) (b) 2 (a) What are the different mechanical pressure gauges available? Explain about Bourdon tube pressure gauge along with neat sketch. A circular plate of diameter 1.5 m is placed vertically in water in such a way that the centre of the plate is 3 m below the free surface of the water. Determine the total pressure and centre of pressure. Explain about centre of pressure In a fluid, the velocity field is given by V = (3x + 2y) i + (2z + 3x2) j + (2t - 3z) k Determine: (i) Velocity components u, v, w at any point in the flow field. (ii) The speed at point (1, 1, 1). (iii) The speed at time t = 2 s at point (0, 0, 2). Describe the principle and working of an venturimeter with help of a neat sketch. Differentiate between venturimeter and orifice meter Find the displacement thickness, momentum thickness and energy thickness for the velocity distribution in the boundary layer given by u/U = y/, where u is the velocity at a distance y from the plate and u = U at y = , where = boundary layer thickness. A fluid of viscosity 0.5 poise and specific gravity 1.20 is flowing through a circular pipe of diameter 100 mm. The maximum shear stress at the pipe wall is given as 47.15 N/m2, find: Pressure gradient. Average velocity and The Reynolds number of the flow. Derive Darcys equation. An oil of specific gravity 0.7 is flowing through a pipe of diameter 300 mm at the rate of 500 liters/s. Find the head lost due to friction and power required to maintain the flow for a length of 1000 m. Take v = 0.29 stokes. A sharp crested rectangular weir of 1 m height extends across a rectangular channel of 3 m width. If the head of water over the weir is 0.45 m. Calculate the discharge. Consider velocity of approach and assume Cd = 0.623. Max Marks: 70

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