Professional Documents
Culture Documents
01 General
02 Service aspects
03 Network aspects
04 MS-BS interface and protocol
05 Physical layer and radio path
06 Speech coding specification
07 Terminal adapter for MS
08 BS-MSC interface
09 Network internetworking
10 Service internetworking
11 Equipment and type approval specification
12 Operation and maintenance
MSC
Area
HLR
MSC
Area
VLR
MSC TRAU BSC
BTS
BTS
BSS
MSC Area
BSS
BSS
BTS
PSTN
PLMN - Public Land Mobile Network
Gateway
MSC
NSS
Keyboard
Control
Display
Transmit Audio
Signal
Processing
Receive Audio
Signal
Processing
Channel
Decoding
Deinterleaving
Message
Regenerator
Channel
Encoding
Interleaving
Message
Generator
Ciphering
Ciphering
RF
Processing
RF
Processing
SIM
Duplexer
Antenna
ANTENNA
ASSEMBLY
TRANSMITTER
RECEIVER
TRANSCEIVER UNIT
CONTROL
SECTION
BTS
USER 1 USER 2 .... USER 8
USER 6 USER 7 USER 8 USER 1
USER 1,
ARFCN
1
USER 2,
ARFCN
1
USER 8,
ARFCN
1
USER 9,
ARFCN
2
USER 10,
ARFCN
2
USER 16,
ARFCN
2
ARFCN
1
ARFCN
2
Tail Synchronization Training Sequence Synchronization Tail
3 3 39 39 64
Soporta el MAHO
Usado para asegurar potencia constante en el BCCH
Slo en el forward link
Tail Predefined Bit Sequence Tail
3 3
142
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 0
1 2 3 4 5 7 6 5
Forward Link - BTS Transmits
Reverse Link - MS Transmits
GSM Logical
Channels
TCH
TCH/F TCH/H
CCH
BCH CCCH DCCH
CBCH
ACCH SDCCH
FACCH SACCH
FCCH
SCH
BCCH
PCH
AGCH
RACH
TCH - Traff ic Channel
TCH/F - Traf fic Channel (Full Rate)
TCH/H - Traf fic Channel (Half Rate)
BCH - Broadcast Channels
FCCH - Frequency Correction Channel
SCH - Synchronization Channel
BCCH - Broadcast Control Channel
CCCH - Common Control Channels
PCH - Paging Channel
AGCH - Access Grant Channel
RACH - Random Access Channel
DCCH - Dedicated Control Channels
SDCCH - Stand-alone Dedicated
Control Channel
ACCH - Associated Control Channels
SACCH - Slow Associated Control
Channel
FACCH - Fast Associated Control
Channel
CCH - Control Channel
CBCH - Cell Broadcast Channel
CCH
BCH
CCCH
DCCH
BCH
SCH
FCH
BCCH
CCCH
RACH
PCH
AGC
UL - Uplink DL - Downlink
Canal Slo UL Slo DL UL/DL Punto a
punto
Broadcast Dedicado Compartido
BCCH X X X
FCCH X X X
SCH X X X
RACH X X X
PCH X X X
AGCH X X X
SDDCH X X X
SACCH X X X
FACCH X X X
TCH X X X
S F B C
R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
51 Frame
S F C C S F C C S F C C I
R R R R R R R R R R
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A0 A1 A2 A3
S F C C
R R R R R R R R R R
I I I
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A4 A5 A6 A7 I I I
A1 A2 A3 I I I
A5 A6 A7 I I I
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A0
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A4
S F B C S F C C S F D0 D1 S F D2 D3 I S F A0 A1
S F B C S F C C S F D0 D1 S F D2 D3 I S F A2 A3
D3
D3
R R
R R
A2 A3
A0 A1
D2
D2
S F
S F
D0 D1
D0 D1
R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
FFCCH SSCH
BBCCH CCCCH(CCCH=PCH+AGCH+RACH)
RRACH DSDCCH
ASACCH/C I idle
BCCH+CCCH
(Downlink)
BCCH+CCCH
(uplink)
8 SDCCH/8
(Downlink)
8 SDCCH/8
(uplink)
BCCH+CCCH+
4SDCCH/4
(Downlink)
BCCH+CCCH+
4SDCCH/4
(uplink)
(a) FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH
(b) SDCCH/8(0,...,7)+SACCH/C8(0,...,7)
(c) FCCH+SCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4(0,...,3)+SACCH/C4(0,...,3)
BTS
SLOT 0 SLOT 1 SLOT 2 SLOT 3 SLOT 4 SLOT 5
MS
2
MS
1
d
2
, Slot 2
d
1
, Slot 1
d
1
> d
2
MS
2
MS
1
T
1
T
2
Collision
T
1
- Del ay of MS
1
Si gnal
T
2
- Del ay of MS
2
Si gnal
SLOT 7 SLOT 6
km 35
bit
s
10 693 . 3 bit 63
s
m
10 3
2
1
max
6 8
~
|
.
|
\
|
=
D
Sampl i ng,
Quanti zati on and
source encodi ng
Channel
Encodi ng
(Error Correcti on
Codi ng)
Interl eavi ng
Burst
Formati ng
Mappi ng
De-
Ci pheri ng
Modul ati on
De-Modul ati on
Ci pheri ng
Burst
Formati ng
Mappi ng
De
-Interl eavi ng
Channel
Decodi ng
(Error Correcti on )
Source Decodi ng
and Waveform
Generati on
Um
Interface
Voice
Signal
Voice
Signal
Transmit Side
Receive Side
111 +3V
110 +2V
101 +1V
0V
001 -1V
010 -2V
011 -3V
111 +3V
110 +2V
101 +1V
0V
001 -1V
010 -2V
011 -3V
Analog Signal
Sampling Pulse
PAM
101 110 101 100 010 010 010 100 111 111
PCM
BPF
A/D
converter
SPEECH
ENCODER
CHANNEL
CODING
TO
MODULATOR
MICROPHONE
BAND-PASS
300 Hz-3.4 kHz
SPEECH
DECODER
CHANNEL
DECODER
LP
LOW-PASS
4 kHz
D/A
converter
Mean Opinion Scores (MOS) - Voice Quality
source IIR. The First Annual CDMA Congress
London, Oct. 29-30, 1997
Clean Speech 20dB SNR
Babble
20dB SNR
Car
15dB SNR
Street
Mu-PCM
8Kb/s EVRC
(CDMA)
13Kb/s CELP
(CDMA
IS-136 ACELP
GSM EFR
TYPE Ia
BITS
TYPE II
BITS
TYPE Ib
BITS
CONVOLUTIONAL
ENCODER
r=1/2
K=5
M
U
X
ERROR DETECTING CODE
50
132
78
3
4
189
189
378
456
0
TO
INTERLEAVER
F
R
O
M
V
O
C
O
D
E
R
En comunicaciones
mviles los errores o
interferencias son por
rfagas
Desempeo ptimo del
ECC se obtiene de una
distribucin de error
uniformemente
distribuida
Interleaving incrementa
el desmpeo del ECC en
un ambiente mvil
(
(
(
(
(
(
25 20 15 10 5
24 19 14 9 4
23 18 13 8 3
22 17 12 7 2
21 16 11 6 1
b b b b b
b b b b b
b b b b b
b b b b b
b b b b b
Data is written
column-wise
Data is read
row-wise
Interleaver
b
1
b
2
b
3
b
4
b
5
b
6
b
7
b
8
b
9
b
10
b
11
b
12
b
13
b
14
b
25
b
16
b
17
b
18
b
19
b
20
...
b
1
b
6
b
11
b
16
b
21
b
2
b
7
b
12
b
17
b
22
b
3
b
8
b
13
b
18
b
23
b
4
b
9
b
14
b
19
b
24
..
Burst Error
Caused by
Rayleigh Fading
Errors are spread over the bit stream
MSK
Filtered MSK
GMSK
(f-f
o
) / Rb 0 1 2 3
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
POWER SPECTRAL
DENSITY
dB
Tail Traffic/Signaling Flag Training Sequence Flag Traffic/Signaling Tail
3 57 1 26 1 57 3
Sequence used for equalizer training
RF
Processing
Adaptive
Equalizer
Equalization
Algorithm
Extraction of
Synchronization
Bits
Unequalized
Data
Equalized
Data
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Measurement
R
X
L
E
V
(
d
B
m
)
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
B
C
C
H
A
R
F
C
N
RX LEV (dBm) BCCH
RXQUAL BER
0 Less than 0.1
1 0.26 to 0.30
2 0.51 to 0.64
3 1.0 to 1.3
4 1.9 to 2.7
5 3.8 to 5.4
6 7.6 to 11.0
7 Above 15
RXQUAL BER
0 Less than 0.1
1 0.26 to 0.30
2 0.51 to 0.64
3 1.0 to 1.3
4 1.9 to 2.7
5 3.8 to 5.4
6 7.6 to 11.0
7 Above 15
RXQUAL RXQUAL BER BER
00 Less than 0.1 Less than 0.1
11 0.26 to 0.30 0.26 to 0.30
22 0.51 to 0.64 0.51 to 0.64
33 1.0 to 1.3 1.0 to 1.3
44 1.9 to 2.7 1.9 to 2.7
55 3.8 to 5.4 3.8 to 5.4
66 7.6 to 11.0 7.6 to 11.0
77 Above 15 Above 15
Signal
Strength
Reselection
Points
Select Micro-Cell
SS_SUFF
Macrocel
Preferred
Micro-Cell
Distance
HL = 1
HL = 2
User 1
User 2
User 3
User 4
User 5
f
1
f
4
f
1
f
1
f
1
f
1
f
1
f
2
f
2
f
2
f
2
f
3
f
4
f
1
f
1
f
2
f
3
f
3
f
4
f
1
f
4
f
3
f
1
f
3
f
4
4T T 2T 3T 5T
4T T 2T 3T 5T
4T T 2T 3T 5T
4T T 2T 3T 5T
4T T 2T 3T 5T
TX/RX
TX/RX
TX/RX
Carrier
Freuqnacy
f
1
Combiner
Carrier
Freuqnacy
f
2
Carrier
Freuqnacy
f
n
1
2
n
Bus for Routing
and Switchning
ventajas de SFH
FRecuencias de hopping no depende de las
rdaios
desventajas de SFH
Se necesitan combinadores ms costosos
TX/RX
TX/RX
TX/RX
Carrier
Freuqnacy
f
0
,f
1
,...,f
m
Broadband
Combiner
1
2
n
Carrier
Freuqnacy
f
0
,f
1
,...,f
m
Carrier
Freuqnacy
f
0
,f
1
,...,f
m
, , , , , , ,
3 2 1 4 3 2 1
f f f f f f f
, , , , , , ,
3 2 3 4 4 2 1
f f f f f f f
BSC
BSC
MSC
VLR
HLR
AUC
EIR
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS - Base Station
BSC - Base Station Contoller
MSC - Mobile Switching Center
VLR - Visitor Location Register
HLR - Home Location Register
AUC - Authentification Center
EIR - Equipment IdentityRegister
Um
Interface
A-Bis
Interface
A
Interface
D
C
PSTN
B
B,C,D,E,F - MAP
Interfaces
SGSN
GGSN
SGSN - Service GPRS Support Node
GGSN - GatewayGPRS Support Node
Gn
Interface
Gr
Outsi de
Packet
Network
O
A3
D2 B1
C3
B2 D1
D3
A2 C1
B3
C2 A1
B3
C2 A1
A3
A1
B1
D1
D3 D2
C3
B2 A1
C3 D2
C3
C1
D2 B1 C2 A1
A2 C1
D3
A3
C2 B1
B3
A2 C1
C3
B2 A1
A3
C2 B1
B3
A2 C1
B3
A1
C1
A1
A3 A2
C3
B2 A1
A3 A3
C3
C1
B2 A1 B2 A1
A2 C1
B3
DL UL Comentarios
A Potencia transmitida (dBm) 43 33
B Prdidas en transmisor (dB) 4 0 DL: combinador, duplexor, cable.
C Ganancia de antena transmisora (dBi) 17 -3 UL: incluye atenuacin por el cuerpo del usuario
D PIRE (dBm) 56 30 D = A - B + C
E Sensibilidad (dBm) -99 -101 Referida a la salida de antena
F Ganancia por diversidad (dB) 0 3 Reduccin de sensibilidad por diversidad de recepcin
G Margen log-normal (dB) 10 10 Depende del porcentaje perimetral y de la desviacin tpica
H Margen de interferencia (dB) 3 3 Incremento de sensibilidad en presencia de interferencia
I Potencia mediana necesaria en recepcin (dBm) -86 -91 I = E - F + G + H
J Ganancia de antena receptora (dBi) -3 17 DL: incluye atenuacin por el cuerpo del usuario
K Atenuacin compensable (dB) 139 138 K = D I + J
L Prdida por penetracin en interiores (dB) 15 15
M Atenuacin en exteriores (dB) 124 123
o
o
o
o
o
o
o