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I. OBJECTIVES
a) To determine the applications that can be obtained by combining a fast PF
and a slow NF: astable multivibrator, monostable multivibrator. b) Understand how to use the !"### timer to obtain specific applications: astable multivibrator, monostable multivibrator, triangular wave signal generator.
III. PREPARATION
Brief overview of t e IC-555 ti!er +raw the internal bloc, diagram of the !"### timer. Fill in the Table ) that reflects the operation principle of the !"### -.cc is the supply voltage). The !"### can be considered e&uivalent to an inverting comparator with PF -with hysteresis), the input voltage being the voltage applied to the terminals Trigger and Threshold connected together. The thresholds of the comparator are internally fi%ed so we don/t have access to the PF. The .T! is shown in Fig. ).
0utput voltage
Forbidden
v0 .cc
)23.cc 523.cc
!an you prove that the duration of the pulse generated at the output of the
monostable circuit is: T<7=5!5ln37),)=5!5: f so, let/s see how much time it will ta,e. Find the possible range of values for T<.
principle of the two current generators and to find the charging and discharging currents through !5. b)
Find the relation that e%presses the period of the generated signals. For what positions of the potentiometers/ cursors the s&uare wave signal
has: " ma%imum period: " minimum period: " ma%imum duty cycle: " minimum duty cycle:
'
=C;CT 0UT ? + ;!E )9 !.
v0
G !)
)9n
Fig. 5. The astable multivibrator circuit Re$'&t$ v0-t) and v!5-t). v!5-t) is the input voltage in the e&uivalent hysteresis comparator, and also the feedbac,
$hat are the values of the threshold voltages: The minimum and ma%imum period of generated signal. +id you ,now that this oscillator is called rela%ation oscillator: $hat do
voltage of the NF path.
=) )< =5
'
=C;CT 0UT !.
)9 + ;!E D TE=C; # ; !5 59
T= FF FN+
? G v0 !) )9
Fig. 3. <onostable multivibrator circuit triggered by sensor Re$'&t$ v0-t) for the ma%imum and minimum values of =5. n what range can T< vary: !ompare with the result computed at P5.).
Those of you who are living in a bloc, of flats, where do you thin, the applications of the monostable can be found in everyday life:
<a,e sure that the circuit generates the e%pected signals, namely v!5
"triangular wave and v0 " s&uare wave. .isuali*e v=5 and find the value of 5. a)
Use the procedure proposed in P3 to derive the operating principle of the
two current generators -the one with T ) and the one with 0.>.) and to measure the charging and discharging currents through !5. b)
.isuali*e simultaneously v0 and v!5. >dHust the potentiometers one by one to derive the effect of each of them
on the output signals. ;et the potentiometers for the s&uare wave signal -v0) to be of: " ma%imum period " minimum period " ma%imum duty cycle " minimum duty cycle For which of the above mentioned situations do we get a linearly variable -saw"tooth signal) voltage on !5:
=( ))
.4 =C;CT + ;!E)9
T) 5,# )#9 v0
'
DTE=C; #T= FF
0UT ? FN+ !.
( G !) )9n !5 )99n
v!5
Fig. (. ;ignal generator
Re$'&t$ a) The data obtained from the measurements. !onclusions drawn from your measurements. b) v -t) and v -t). v=5-t) and value of 5. The ma%imum and minimum period of the generated signal. The ma%imum and minimum duty cycle of the s&uare wave signal. Eow do you e%plain the possibility to set"up the period and the duty cycle: !an the period and the duty cycle be modified independently: Eow should =5 and =( be modified to obtain a linearly variable -saw"tooth signal) v!5-t):
!5 0
RE3ERENCES ). 0ltean, F., !ircuite Clectronice, UT Pres, !luH"Napoca, 599', ;BN D'G" D'3"??5"399"( 5. FeJtilK Lelia, ;imion C., <iron !., >mplificatoare audio Ji sisteme mu*icale, Cditura +acia, !luH"Napoca, )DD9 3. http:22www.bel.utcluH.ro2dce2didactic2fec2fec.htm