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STT Trang
1 1.1 nh hng ca nhit n hiu sut thu sn phm 5
2 1.2 nh hng ca thi gian n hiu sut sn phm 6
3 1.3 nh hng ca t l xc tc/ nguyn liu n hiu
sut sn phm
7
4 3.1 t qu th nghim thu 13
5 3.2 ng i in 14
6 3.3 Ga tr
j
thu 15
7 3.4
Ga tr
.
y tnh t phng trnh hi qu
17


















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STT Trang
1 1.1 S chn lc hnh dng cht tham gia phn ng 3
2 1.2 S chn lc hnh dng sn phm phn ng 3
3 1.3 S chn lc hnh dng hp cht trung gian 4







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L U ................................................................................................................ 1

- HZSM-5 ........................................................................................ 2
1. ng quan t so- HZSM-5 ....................................................................... 2
1.1. ra i a t so-HZSM-5 ............................................................. 2
1.2. Tnh cht quan trng ca vt liu M-HZSM5 ............................................... 2
2. Cracking du n thi ............................................................................................. 4
3. Kho st cc yu t nh hng n hiu xut thu sn phm ca qu trnh
cracking du n thi trn s xc tc M-HZSM-5. ................................................... 5
3.1. Kho st nh hng ca nhit phn ng cracking ..................................... 5
3.2. nh hng ca thi gian cracking ................................................................. 6
3.3. nh hng ca t l xc tc/nguyn liu ....................................................... 6
...... 8
2.1. Xc lp cc m t thng k ................................................................................ 8
2.1.1. X nh cc yu t nh hng ...................................................................... 8
2.1.2. X nh cu trc h thc hin qu trnh ha l ............................................. 8
2.1.3. X nh cc hm ton m t h ..................................................................... 8
2.1.4. X nh cc tham s m t thng k ............................................................. 9
2.1.5. Kim tra s tng hp m t ........................................................................ 10
2.2. C phng php k hoch ha thc nghim ch yu .................................... 10
2.2.1. K hoch bc mt hai mc ti u ................................................................. 10
2.2.2. K hoch bc hai ........................................................................................... 11
2.3. X nh cc gi tr ti u a hm mc tiu .................................................. 12
ng dng quy hoch thc nghi u kin t i
n diezen bng qu trnh cracking d i .......................................... 13
1. M ha, lp ma trn thc nghim ........................................................................ 14
2. X ng m hnh th nghim .......................................................................... 14
3. im nh m hnh th nghim ......................................................................... 15
4. Ti u ha............................................................................................................ 18
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iv -K54

.................................................................................................................. 22
........................................................................................... 23







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L U
Hin nay, trong bi cnh ngun nguyn liu ha thh ang n cn kit th vic
tm kim nhng ngun nng lng mi thn thin vi mi trng thay th nng
lng ha thch l nhim v cp bch cho nhn loi. Mt trong hng nghin cu
hin na c nhiu s quan tm ca cc nh khoa hc l chuyn ha du n thi thnh
nhin liu bng phng php raking t o nhng li ch m n to ra, nh to
ra nhin liu thay th c thnh phn gn ging nhin liu gc khong, tn dng ngun
ph thi c sn, khng lm nh hng n an ninh lng thc, khng yu cu cht
lng nguyn liu u vo nghim ngt, nng cao hiu qu kinh t v bo v mi
trng
Trong nghin cu ny, s dng xc tc HZSM-5 mao qun trung bnh, gi l M-
HZSM-5 c nghin cu tng hp. M-HZSM-5 c phi trn vi SAPO-5 v
cht kt nh to ht xc tc nhm ng dng trong qu trnh cracking du n thi
trong pha lng v kho st cc yu t nh hng n hiu sut thu sn phm.
Ng na hng ta thng cp ti phng php kt hp l thuyt v thc
nghim ong iu khng lm gim bt vai tr v v tr ca nghin cu thc
nghim. Ty theo m hiu bit v h ca qu trnh ngha nghin a
nghin cu l thuyt thng c gii hn tc dng nh hng an u. H tr
gim bt khi lng cng vic, rt ngn thi gian cho nghin cu thc nghim. Trong
khi thc nghim cn c tc dng tr li, b sung cho kt qu nghin cu l thuyt,
nh r hn h hin tng.
C phng php k hoch ha thc nghim da trn m t thng k cho php
dn ti ti thiu ha s th nghim cn thit, ng thi tm ra c gi tr ca cc hm
cn tm. M hnh ha thng k v ti u ha thng k l phng php u vit nht
nh vng hot ng ti u tm hiu ng hc ca qu trnh phn ng. Trong
phm vi mn hc quy hoch thc nghim, tin hnh m hnh ha thng k m t hiu
sut sn phm diezen trong vng thc nghim, ngha l s nghin cu s ph thuc
ng thi cc yu t: nhit phn ng, thi gian phn ng, t l ngun liu/ t
n hiu sut thu sn phm. diezen.
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2 -K54

1.
- HZSM-5
1. - HZSM-5
1.1. -HZSM-5
Nh it, cc vt liu ry phn t vi mao qun nh: Zolit Y, Z-5, ... tuy
c cu trc tinh th vi mao qun ng u v c tm axit mnh nhng Zolit
hn ch khi cht tham gia phn ng kh thc phn t ln (ln hn kh thc mao
qun ca chng).
rong khi , vt liu ry phn t MQTB c cu trc mao qun ng nht
v kh thc mao qun (20A
0
300A
0
) ph hp vi cc cht tham gia phn ng c
kh thc phn t ln. Tuy nhin, chng li b gii hn bi cu tr v nh hnh.
Chnh cu tr v nh hnh v thnh mao qun mng (khong 10A
0
) lm cho cc vt
liu ny c tnh axit yu v bn thy nhit rt km.
V vy, vic nghin cu tng hp nhng loi vt liu mi c kh nng kt hp
u im ca c hai loi vt liu trn ang c khuyn khch nghin cu v
pht trin iu ngha l chng s c cu trc mao qun ng nht ca vt liu
MQTB v cu trc tinh th ca Zeolite.
Vt liu Meso-HZ5 ra i, hnh thnh trn khung tinh th ZSM-5 vi
cu trc mao qun trung bnh ca MCM-41, v s c mt ca cht to cu trc CTAB,
n kh thc mao qun trung bnh ca MCM-41 ng thi bn
thnh tng, bn , n nhit v tnh at tng t nh zolit Z-5
Chnh nh vic dng vt liu zeolit ZSM-5 lm khung cho mao qun m M-
HZSM-5 c tnh axit rt ph hp trnh qu trnh cracking su to kh h thc
mao qun trung bnh cho php cc cu t thu phn on nng khuch tn vo cc
ca s mao qun ca vt liu rt d dng. bn , n nhit, bn thy nhit cao l
mt tnh nng rt quan trng n gip vt liu ny c th lm vi trong iu kin
khc nghit ca phn ng, thh hp lm t ho qu trnh raking u n thi
1.2. Tnh cht quan trng ca vt liu M-HZSM5
1.2.1. Tnh axit:
Nh c h thng mao qun rng , din tch b mt ln v c khung tinh th ca
ZSM5 m M-HZSM5 c tnh axit mnh hn vt liu MCM-41, gip b gy mch tt
hn trong phn ng raking phn on du nng.
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3 -K54

u nhin tnh ait c gim bt so vi zeolit ZSM-5 trnh cracking qu
su to kh. Tm axit Lewis nhiu hn so vi tm Brosted, t l L/B = 4.13 [1]

1.2.2. Tnh chn lc hnh dng
Zeolite c ba hnh thc chn lc hnh dng sau
- Chn lc cht tham gia phn ng :
Ch c nhng cht kh thc phn t nh mi c th thm nhp vo bn trong
mao qun ca zeolit v tham gia phn ng.

Hnh 1.1. S chn lc hnh dng cht tham gia phn ng
- Chn lc sn phm phn ng :
Sau khi phn ng thc hin trong mao qun ca zeolite, nhng sn phm to ra
phi kh th nh mi c th khuch tn ra ngoi. Cc phn t ln hn to ra
trong mao qun s tip tc b chuyn ha thnh phn t nh hn sau mi khuch tn
c ra ngoi.

Hnh 1.2. S chn lc hnh dng sn phm phn ng
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- Chn lc hp cht trung gian :
Phn ng u tin hnh thnh hp cht trung gian (hoc trng thi chuyn
tip) kh thc ph hp vi kh thc mao qun ca zeolit.

Hnh 1.3. S chn lc hnh dng hp cht trung gian
Ngoi ra, nh hng ca cc hiu ng trng tnh in trong mao qun, khuch
tn cu hnh, khng ch vn chuyn trong zeolit c h thng knh giao nhau nhng
kh th kh nhau ng c xem l cc kiu chn lc hnh dng trong xc tc
zeolit
Ca s mao qun ca vt liu M-HZSM-5 c dng hnh l lng ha hnh u
nn d dng cho cc cu t dng vng benzen khng nhnh hay t nhnh khuch tn
qua
2. Cracking d i [1]
Du n thi thu gom t nh hng Hoa L, H Ni v c lc b cc tp
cht nh mui, cn cacbon, tp cht h, n rc khi s dng lm nguyn liu
cho phn ng cracking.
Qu trnh raking c tin hnh trong thit b phn ng cracking pha lng.
Hn hp phn ng (bao gm 300ml du n thi v mt lng t) c khuy trn
v gia nhit ti nhit cn thit C iu kin phn ng nh sau: nhit : 400-
480
0
C; t khuy: 200-500 vng/pht; thi gian 15-60 pht; t l xc tc/nguyn
liu: 5-10 % Di tc dng ca nhit v xc tc, qu trnh phn ng din ra mnh
m. Sn phm ca qu trnh phn ng i qua h thng lm lnh bng sinh hn vi tc
nhn lm lnh l nc ri i qua h ng sn phm lng, sn phm kh c thu theo
mt ng ring.
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5 -K54

Sn phm lng c phn tch thnh phn thng qua cc thit b phn tch sc
k
3. Kho st cc yu t n hiu xut thu sn phm ca qu trnh
cracking d xc tc M-HZSM-5.
Mu xc tc M-HZSM-5 c phi trn vi cht nn l SAPO-5 v cht kt
dnh sol ca axit silicsic theo t l phi trn l 25% M-HZSM-5, 68% SAPO- 5 v 7%
cht kt nh, sau c to ht hnh tr vi kh thc nht nh. H xc tc ny
c ng dng trong qu trnh cracking du n thi nhm kho st cc thng s nh
hng hiu sut thu sn phm ca qu trnh phn ng.
3.1. Kho st ng ca nhi phn ng cracking
Cc nghin cu tr v qu trnh cracking du thc vt, du m thi, cho
thy nhit thp, cc phn ng cracking din ra hm, o nng lng cung cp cho
qu trnh raking ha cc phn t du n thi b cracking. Khi tin hnh tng
nhit , t raking tng mnh, v vy hiu sut sn phm tng u nhin, khi
nhit tng qu ao, hiu sut gim do qu trnh cracking su din ra, to ra nhiu sn
phm kh v ng, gim hiu sut diezen.
Kt qu kho st s nh hng n hiu sut thu sn phm raking khi tha i
nhit t 400-480 v gi ngun iu kin cng ngh khc (t khuy trn
300 vng/pht, thi gian phn ng 45 pht, t l xc tc/nguyn liu l 1/10) c
trnh by bng 1.1.
Bng 1.1: nh hng ca nhit n hiu sut thu sn phm [1]
Lng sn phm, % th tch Nhit ,
0
C
400 450 480
Kh 20,0 20,38 21,65
Phn on ng 8,85 8,90 9,25
Phn on kerosen 8,15 8,30 8,05
Phn on diesel 58,40 57,00 56,37
Tng sn phm lng(ng +
kerosen+ diesel)
75,40 74,2 73,67
Sn phm c nhit si
>360
0
C, nc v cn
5,5 4,06 4,68
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6 -K54

Kt qu cho thy, khi nhit tng, chuyn ha cc sn phm kh, ng,
krosn u tng o qu trnh raking in ra thun li hn u nhin nhit ng
tng, qu trnh raking in ra mnh m, raking su lm gim hiu sut thu hi sn
phm trung nh izn nhit ti 400
0
C thu hiu sut diesel ln nht (58,4%),
ph hp vi l thuyt ca qu trnh a ra pha trn
3.2. ng ca thi gian cracking
Tin hnh phn ng ti nhit 400
0
C, t l xc tc/nguyn liu 1/10 v theo
di hiu sut sn phm thu c theo thi gian, kt qu thu c trnh by theo sau.
Bng 1.2: nh hng ca thi gian n hiu sut sn phm
Lng sn phm, % th tch Thi gian, pht
15 30 60
Kh 20,40 20,70 21,13
Phn on ng 8,50 8,9 8,50
Phn on kerosen 8,40 8,10 8,7
Phn on diesel 55,20 57,20 59,00
Tng sn phm lng(ng +
kerosen+ diesel)
72,10 74,20 76,2
Sn phm c nhit si
>360
0
C, nc v cn
7,5 5,1 2,67

Nh vy, thi gian phn ng cng di, hiu sut kh v sn phm lng thu c
ng tng, hiu sut phn don diesel t c cao nht sau khi raking c 60 pht,
3.3. ng ca t l xc tc/nguyn liu
Kho st qu trnh cracking vi iu kin tm ra trn (nhit 400
0
C,
t khuy trn 400 vng/pht, thi gian phn ng 60 pht) theo t l xc tc (khi
lng, g)/ nguyn liu (th tch, ml) khc nhau. Kt qu c trnh by trong bng sau



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7 -K54

Bng 1.3: nh hng ca t l xc tc/ nguyn liu n hiu sut sn phm
Lng sn phm, % th tch T l xc tc/nguyn liu,g/ml
1/15 1/10 1/5
Kh 20,50 21,10 22,90
Phn on ng 8,40 8,5 7,30
Phn on kerosen 7,90 8,70 9,40
Phn on diesel 56,40 57,10 59,00
Tng sn phm lng(ng +
kerosen+ diesel)
72,70 74,30 75,70
Sn phm c nhit si
>360
0
C, nc v cn
6,8 2,7 3,3

T bng cho th, khi tng t l xc tc/nguyn liu th hiu sut thu sn phm
lng tng ln, lng cn gim. Tuy nhin hiu sut thu sn phm lng v phn on
diesel ch tng n gii hn nht nh (59% phn on diesel) ri gim, nguyn nhn l
do vic s dng qu nhiu xc tc s th y qu trnh cracking su, sn phm kh v
phn nh thu tng, lng phn on isl thu c gim i Do , t l xc
tc/nguyn liu thch hp l 1/5.
Nh vy t cc kt qu kho st trn, tng kt li iu kin phn ng thch
hp cho qu trnh cracking xc tc du thc vt thi trong pha lng nh sau: nhit
phn ng: 400
0
C; t khuy trn 400 vng/pht; t l xc tc/nguyn liu: 1/5; thi
gian phn ng: 60 pht hi , tng sn phm lng thu c l 75,7% v phn on
diesel l 59%.







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8 -K54



2.1. Xc lp cc m t thng k
2.1.1. X nh cc yu t ng[2]
Qu trnh trong cng ngh ha hc l qu trnh ha l.
S yu t c lp ti nh hng ln qu trnh ha l nh theo cng thc:
F = F
dk
+ F
H

rong : F
dk
bc t o i lu; F
H
bc t do hnh hc.
Ty theo yu cu ca ngi nghin cu ta ch cn chn ra mt s yu t (k<F)
nh hng ln mt hm mc tiu y
q
. Hm mc tiu c th l cc ch tiu cng ngh
nh: ng hc, hiu sut ho nng sut qu trnh, bn vt liu. . . , ng th l
ch tiu kinh t nh gi thnh sn phm, li nhun thu c.
Trong bi tp ln ny, nghin cu yu t nh hng n hm mc tiu l hiu
sut ca qu trnh.
2.1.2. X nh cu trc h thc hin qu trnh ha l
H ch l mt hp n khng it r bn cht bn trong m ch c mi lin h
bn ngoi gia cc hm mc tiu v cc yu t nh hng. C th trong i n cp
ti cc yu t nh hng n hiu sut ca qu trnh l nhit , t l xc tc/nguyn
liu, thi gian cracking.
2.1.3. X nh cc hm ton m t h[2,3]
Hm m t h l hm nhiu bin = (
1
, x
2
, ,
k
) c phn tch thnh dy
Taylor tc hm hi quy l thuyt (1).
Mun nh c cc h s hi quy l thuyt phi cn v s th nghim.
Trong thc t s th nghim N l hu hn v v vy m hnh thng k thc nghim c
dng (2).
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9 -K54


Cc h s b l cc tham s ca m t thng k.
2.1.4. X nh cc tham s m t thng k
nh t N thc nghim tho phng php nh phng u tiu, ngha
l:

Mun vy th:

au khi tnh c cc h s b theo h phng trnh (4) ta phi kim tra tnh c
ngha a chng theo tiu chun Student:

rong : t
pf2
tiu chun Student tra bng m ngha p v c t do lp f
2
;
S
b
lch ca phn b nh theo cng thc:

Phng sai lp nh theo cng thc:

rong :
m- s thc nghim lp li tm
y
0
a
- gi tr ca thc nghim lp th a
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10 -
K54

y
0
gi tr trung bnh cng ca cc thc nghim lp.
Sau khi loai b cc h s khng ngha nu k hoch thc nghim khng trc
giao ta cn phi tnh li cc h s ngha ho n khi tt c cc h s u ngha,
ri sau hun sang kim tra tnh tng hp ca m t c k hiu l y^ ch cha
cc h s ngha v in km theo n.

2.1.5. Kim tra s p m t
S tng hp ca m t thng k vi bc tranh thc nghim c kim chng
theo tiu chun Fisher nh iu kin:

rong : F
pf2f1
tiu chun Fisher tra bng m ngha p, c t do lp
f
2
=m-1; bc t o f
1
=N-1
1-s h s ngha trong m t thng k
S
2

phng sai , c tnh theo cng thc:

S
2

2
(9)
2.2. hoch ha thc nghim ch yu[2,3,5]
2.2.1. K hoch bc mt hai mc t
Nu khng c thng tin tin nghim cho bit h ang vng dng (vng phi
tuyn, vng cc tr) th m t qu trnh trong h ta nn dng hm tuyn tnh v
khng c cc s hng bnh phng inh tham s ca n ta nn dng k
hoch bc mt hai mc ti u a Box- Wilson n c gi l k hoch 2
k
(ton
phn), ho trong trng hp cn tit kim thi gian dng k hoch bn phn 2
k-1
.
Nu khng g lu th quan h pht sinh trong k hoch bn phn s l tng
tc cao nht (

) nu c s lu c bit th cn c chn tho lu

Cc k hoch bc mt hai mc ti u a u im rt n sau:
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11 -
K54

- K hoch trc giao, v vy tnh ton rt n gin, cc thng s u tnh
c lp vi nhau, nn khi loi b cc h s khng ngha s khng phi
tnh li cc h s ngha
- K hoch ti u D, ngha l nh mc ca ma trn thng tin ca k hoch
(X*X) l c i, nn cc thng s u tnh vi chnh xc cao nht v
theo c N thc nghim.
- K hoch c tnh tm xoay (rotabel), tm k hoh thng tin c nht,
ng a tm thng tin ng long, lng thng tin t l nghch vi bnh
phng n knh; v vy ch cn lm th nghim lp ti tm.
Ngoi ra n cn c mt u im na l nu m t thng k bc mt
khng tng hp th khi chuyn sang bc 2 ta vn ng c n lm
nhn k hoch bc hai.
2.2.2. K hoch bc hai
Khi m hnh tuyn tnh (bc mt) khng tng hp (iu kin (8) khng tha
mn) v ong ngha tc l:

th chng t l vng thc ngim vng phi tuyn (vng dng) v ta phi dng hm
phi tuyn (phi c cc s hng nh phng) m t.
nh cc tham s ca m hnh phi tuyn ta phi s dng cc k hoch
phi tuyn. Loi k hoch ny ch c mt trong a u im n trn: hoc trc giao,
hoc tm xoay, hoc ti u D
K hoch bc hai trc giao ca Box Wilson c hnh thnh vi nhn k
hoch l k hoch 2
k
hoc 2
k-1
c s thc nghim l:

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12 -
K54

rong s thc nghim nh ta n sao l 2k, s thc nghim tm
thng l n
0
= 1. Gi tr ca ta n nh cng thc:

Ngoi ra mun k hoch trc giao ta cn a in bnh phng v cc bin
j tho ng thc:

K hoch bc hai tm xoay ca o ng s thc nghim nh theo cng
th (11) nhng s thc nghim tm ln hn 1 v ph thuc vo s bin v tnh ring
phn ca k hoch. Gi tr ca nh ta n sao nh theo cng thc:

K hoch bc hai ti u D a ifr t c dng trong cng ngh ha hc ni
chung, cng ngh vt liu v cng ngh mi trng ni ring.
2.3. X nh cc gi tr t a hm mc tiu
Cc gi tr ti u a hm m tiu nh nh phng php ti u
ha thng dng trong cng ngh ha hc ni chung, cng ngh vt liu v cng ngh
mi trng ni ring, nh phng php tm c tr c in, phng php qu hoch
hnh hc, quy hoch tuyn tnh hoc phi tuyn. . .




-

13 -
K54


. ng dng quy hoch thc nghi u kin t
h n diezen bng qu trnh cracking d thi

Xt ng ca cc yu t:
- Nhit : Z
1
= 400 450
0
C
- Thi gian phn ng: Z
2
= 15 60 pht
- T l


: Z
3
= 5 10
Kt qu th nghim thu c:
ng 31 t qu th nghim thu
STT Z
1
Z
2
Z
3
Dizn thu c
1 400 15 5 55,33
2 480 15 5 57,55
3 400 60 5 59,19
4 480 60 5 58,90
5 400 15 10 56,48
6 480 15 10 57,68
7 400 60 10 57,19
8 480 60 10 56,92
9 440 37,5 7,5 57,93
10 440 37,5 7,5 57,89
11 440 37,5 7,5 58,45

-
T.51(6ABC) 573-578 2013.
-

14 -
K54

1. M ha, lp ma trn thc nghim
t:

Kt qu i bin thu c bng sau:
ng 3.2 ng i in
STT X
0
X
1
X
2
X
3
X
1
.X
2
X
1
X
3
X
2
X
3
X
1
X
2
X
3
Y
1 + - - - + + + - 55,33
2 + + - - - - + + 57,55
3 + - + - - + - + 59,19
4 + + + - + - - - 58,90
5 + - - + + - - + 56,48
6 + + - + - + - - 57,68
7 + - + + - - + - 57,19
8 + + + + + + + + 56,92
9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,93
10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,89
11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 58,45

2. X
Gi s m hnh tuyn tnh 1 ng :
y = b
0
+ b
1
x
1
+ b
2
x
2
+ b
3
x
3
+ b
12
x
1
.x
2
+ b
13
x
1
.x
3
+ b
23
x
2
.x
3
+ b
123
x
1
.x
2
.x
3
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15 -
K54

* Tnh b
j
p dng cng thc:
-

j =

j,u =

; ju
Vi N = 2
3
= 8, ta c:
ng 3.3 Ga tr
j
thu
b
0
= 57,4050 b
12
= -0,4975
b
1
= 0,3575 b
13
= -0,1250
b
2
= 0,6450 b
23
= -0,6575
b
3
= -0,3375 b
123
= 0,1300

hi phng trnh ng
y = 57,4050 + 0,3575

+ 0,6450

0,3375

0,4975x
1
.x
2
- 0,1250

.x
3

0,6575

.x
3
+ 0,1300x
1
.x
2
.x
3
3.
a. Ki a cc h s b
j

th nghim ny, ta thc hin 3 th nghim ti tm thu c:

= 57,93

= 57,89

= 58,45
hi ta :

Phng sai lp:

-

16 -
K54

bj
= 0,11
p dng chun Student ta c
t
bj
=
j
b
j
s
b

Suy ra t
bo
=
Sbj
bo
=
11 , 0
405 , 57
= 519,5
t
b1
= 3,24
t
b2
=5,84
t
b3
=3,05
t
b12
=4,5
t
b13
=1,13
t
b23
=5,95
t
b123
= 1,18
Chn m ngha = 0,05 , tra ng Student vi bc t do m = n
0
1, ta : t

= 2,92
T cc gi tr t
bj
thu c ta th h c gi tr t
b13
v t
b123
l khng tha mn
Phng trnh ng
y = 57,405 + 0,3575x
1
+ 0,645x
2
0,3375x
3
0,4975x
1
x
2
0,6575x
2
x
3

b. Kim tra s ph hp ca m hnh
Phng sai c tnh theo cng thc
S
2

=
L N
y yi
N
i
i

|
.
|

\
|

=
.
1
2

-

17 -
K54

rong L l s h s ngha trong phng trnh hi quy; L = 6
Ta c bng gi tr sau:
ng 34 Ga tr
.
y tnh t phng trnh hi qu
STT y
i

.
y
i
(y
i
-
.
y
i
)
2
1 55,33 55,585 0,065
2 57,55 57,295 0,065
3 59,19 59,185 0
4 58,9 58,905 0
5 56,48 56,225 0,065
6 57,68 57,935 0,065
7 57,19 57,195 0
8 56,92 56,915 0
Tng 0,26
.
y
i
l gi tr thu c bng cch thay x
1
,x
2
,x
3
vo phng trnh hi quy va tm c
Suy ra:
2
du
s =
( )
L N
i y yi
N
i

=
.
1
2
=
6 8
26 , 0

= 0,13

Nh v hun s Fishr tnh c
F =
2
2
ts
du
s
s
=
0976 , 0
13 , 0
= 1,33
Chn o = 0,05 vi bc t =N-L = 8-6 =2
bc mu = n
0
-1 =3-1=2
Tra bng ta c Fo = 19,2 > F =1,33 nn m hnh a ra l ph hp
c. i v bin tht:
-

18 -
K54

X
j
=
j
j j
z
z z
A

0

y= 57,405 + 0,3575(
40
440
1
z
) + 0,645(
5 , 22
5 , 37
2
z
) 0,3375(
5 , 2
5 , 7
3
z
)
- 0,4975(
40
440
1
z
)(
5 , 22
5 , 37
2
z
) 0,6575(
5 , 22
5 , 37
2
z
)(
5 , 2
5 , 7
3
z
)
y = 41,0017+0,0297z
1
+0,3596z
2
+0,3033z
3
- 5,5278.10
-4
z
1
z
2
-0,01169z
2
z
3
4. T :
i phng trnh hi qu va tm
f= 41,0017+0,0297z
1
+0,3596z
2
+0,3033z
3
- 5,5278.10
-4
z
1
z
2
-0,01169z
2
z
3
vi tip tho l ti u ha nhm tm gi tr fma, tng ng vi im m hiu
sut thu hi izn l ln nht
rong i ton n, vi ti u ha s ng phng php lo ha phng
php n hnh u khng t hiu qu ti u
hng ta s ng phng php ti u ha kiu li tm gi tr i
a f u im a phng php n l khi in s t s tnh ton nhanh, sai s a
kt qu tnh hp nhn trong ng ngh
ho phng php n, hng ta s s ng ngn ng lp trnh atla thit
lp thut ton i tng hia min kho st thnh li tho t hn, s
ng lnh mshgri to mng li i mng li n, hng ta s tnh gi tr a f
phng trnh ti im nt li v tm i a hng trong mng a hiu
n thun tin, ta s ng in ,,z tha ho 3 in th l z1, z2, z3.
- hut ton nh sau:
>> x=linspace(400,480,100);
-

19 -
K54

>> y=linspace(15,60,100);
>> z=linspace(5,10,100);
>> [x1,y1,z1]=meshgrid(x,y,z);
>> f=41.0017+0.0297.*x1+0.3596.*y1+0.3033.*z1-5.5278.*(10^-4).*x1.*y1-
0.01169.*y1.*z1;
>> A=max(max(max(f)))
ta tm gi tr fma= A
tm ta f max, ta ng lnh fin nh sau:
>>[a,b,c]=find(f==A)
atla s ho ta ta a [a,, a im i
tm gi tr , , z ng vi gi tr fmax, ta ng lnh sau:
>> xc=x1(a,b,c)
>>yc=y1(a,b,c)
>> zc=z1(a,b,c)
- in hnh m phng trn matla ng thut ton vit
- m gi tr fma
-

20 -
K54


t qu fma = = 59,2005
- m v tr fma v gi tr ,,z ti fma

on im fmax =[a,b,c] =[100,1,1]
-

21 -
K54


Gi tr thu , = 400, = 60, z =5
Nh v:
- Kt qu ti u ha thu fma = 59,0025 tng ng vi gi tr izn ln
nht thu l 59,0025% , ti gi tr thng s =z1= nhit =
400
0
C, y=z2= thi gian phn ng = 60 pht, z=z3= t l ngun liu/ t =
5.
- t qu ti u hm lng izn thu l 59% tho phng php n ng
vi kt qu thu ng phn mm DDE 50 v phng php th nghim
m t gi i o ng l 59%






-

22 -
K54

















Qua qu trnh tm hiu v nghin u ti liu, nhm thu mt s ni
dung sau:
- m hiu loi vt liu so-HZSM-5 v u tr, tnh ht ha
h v ng ng trong raking u n thi ho st nh
hng a u t v nhit , thi gian phn ng v t l
t/ngun liu n hiu sut thu hi sn phm lng, it l sn
phm izn, t qu trnh raking t u n thi
- m hiu ng ng a qu hoh th nghim trong ngnh
ng ngh.
- X ng m hnh hi qu t u t nhit , thi gian
phn ng, t l t/ngun liu, n hiu sut thu hi izn t
qu trnh raking u n thi s ng t so-HZ-5 im
-

23 -
K54

nh v ti u ha m hnh ng phng php ti u ha mng li
ng thut ton trn ngn ng lp trnh atla Qua thu
iu kin ti u ti nhit 400
0
C, thi gian phn ng 60 pht, t l
t/ngun liu l 1/5, khi sn phm izn t hiu sut ao
nht l 59%, kt qu n ph hp vi kt qu m t gi i o
a ra khi s ng phn mm DDE 50











1. Hong Linh Lan, rn h Nh ai, inh h Ng. Nghin u u t
nh hng n phn ng raking u n thi s ng t HZ-5 mao
qun trung nh, p h ha h, 51(6C)573-578, 2013.
2. Ngun inh un Qu hoh th nghim, NX H, 2005
3 Giang h im Lin i ging qu hoh th nghim (C phng php
thng k l s liu th nghim), H Nng 2009
4. Ngun Don Gio trnh qu hoh th nghim NX H, 2004
5 Phm rung in i ging qu hoh th nghim, H -a ht, 2013