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    The National Gain
    The National Gain
    The National Gain
    Ebook42 pages38 minutes

    The National Gain

    By Anders Chydenius

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    About this ebook

    'The National Gain' is the main work of the Swedish-Finnish scientist, philosopher and politician Anders Chydenius, published in 1765. In this thesis Chydenius argues in favor of free export trade rights for the province of Ostrobothnia and lays down the principles of liberalism and the free markets – for example, free trade and industry – eleven years before Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherGood Press
    Release dateApr 10, 2021
    ISBN4064066465056
    The National Gain

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      Book preview

      The National Gain - Anders Chydenius

      Anders Chydenius

      The National Gain

      Published by Good Press, 2022

      goodpress@okpublishing.info

      EAN 4064066465056

      Table of Contents

      Cover

      Titlepage

      Text

      § 1

      Table of Contents

      It is not to be gainsaid that every Nation has gain as the chief object of its Economic and Political statutes, but if we consider the expedients each one has resorted to in order to secure gain, we shall notice incredible discrepancies.

      Each vies with the other to arrive first; but they steer different courses and carry quite different sails, though almost the same wind fills them all.

      They try to get to windward of one another and use special sailors' tricks to run into one another, though there is space and depth enough for them to sail abreast. It seems as if now one of the ships, now the other, was without a Pilot and a Helmsman.

      Nobody can deny that in this way the work follows different rules. Either the Compass is unreliable or the Chart must be wrong.

      A new guide is now put before the eyes of the Reader. It is quite a small one, so that everyone may be able to carry it in his pocket. It is new as well, I said, for it hardly conforms to any other in Europe. And I think it is reliable, too, for I have attempted to found it upon reason and experience. Let us first agree as to the words.

      § 2

      Table of Contents

      A Nation is a multitude of people who have joined in order to secure their own prosperity and that of their descendants under the protection of the Government and through its Public Servants.

      Man thrives when he enjoys his needs and comforts, which, according to our ordinary way of speaking, are called goods. Nature produces them, but they can never be of use to us without labour.

      Our wants are various, and nobody has been found able to acquire even the necessaries without the aid of other people, and there is scarcely any Nation that has not stood in need of others. The Almighty himself has made our race such that we should help one another. Should this mutual aid be checked within or without the Nation, it is contrary to Nature.

      When we exchange these commodities, it is called commerce, and the commodities that are commonly desired and accepted are gold and silver, larger or smaller coined parts of which are called money, which has become the measure of the value of other commodities.

      No commodity exists, but that it cannot be changed into these Metals by commerce, nor can any commodity be obtained in the absence of other commodities desirable to the seller; and the quantity of money that must be paid for the commodity is called its value.

      The value of exported goods in excess of that of imported ones is rightly called the gain of the Nation, and the value of imported goods in excess of that of exported ones will always be its loss. But a loss that is less compared to another one

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