Complex Mendelian Genetics Problems

Incomplete Dominance: (Mixing/Blending)

1. In Japanese four-oclocks, the gene for red flower color (R) is incompletely dominant o er the white flower color (!). "or each of the following situations, predict the genotypic and phenotypic ratios. a. a red plant and a white plant RR # WW (parent genotypedetermine this first to make the $unnett) R R! R! R R! R!

! Geno.Ratio: Phen.Ratio: 4 : 4 : 0 - all RW 0- all pink W

%. a white plant and a pink plant !! # R! (parent genotypes)

! R! !!

! R! !!

R Geno.Ratio: Phen.Ratio: 2 : 2- RW : WW 2 : 2- pink:white W

c. a red plant and a pink plant RR # R! (parent genotypes)

R RR R!

R RR R!

R Geno.Ratio: Phen.Ratio: 2 : 2- RR : RW 2 : 2- red : pink W

d. two pink plants R! #

R! (parent genotypes)

R RR R!

! R! !!

R Geno.Ratio: Phen.Ratio: : 2 : : 2 : - RR : RW: WW red : pink: white W

&. In some cats the gene for tail length shows incomplete dominance. 'ats with long tails and those with no tails are homo(ygous for the respecti e alleles. 'ats with one long tail allele and one no-tail allele ha e short tails. $redict the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of a cross %etween) "irst, identify an allele for long tail (*), then an allele for no tail (+). 'ats with short tails will ha e one allele of each. a. a long tail cat and a cat with no tail ** # ++ (parent genotypes) * * *+ *+ *+ *+

+ Geno.Ratio: Phen.Ratio: 4 : 0- all !" 4 : 0 all short "

%. a long tail cat and a short tail cat ** # *+ ** *+

* ** *+

* Geno.Ratio: 2 : 2- !! : !"

Phen.Ratio:

2 : 2 lon# : short

"

c. a short tail cat and a cat with no tail *+ # ++ * *+ *+ ++ ++ +

+ Geno.Ratio: Phen.Ratio: 2 : 2- !" : "" 2 : 2 short: no tail "

d. two short tail cats *+ # *+ ** *+

* *+ ++

* Geno.Ratio: Phen.Ratio: : 2 : - !! : !" : "" 2 : 2 lon# : short: no tail "

,. In the gene that decodes for uni-%row, no uni-%row is incompletely dominant o er full, %ushy uni-%row. -he phenotype for a hetero(ygote is a half uni-%row. !hat would the pro%a%ility of ha ing a child with a full, %ushy uni-%row %e if we crossed a half uni-%row male with a full, %ushy uni-%row female. "irst, identify an allele for the "$ uni-%row (.-no uni %row), then for full, %ushy uni-%row (/). 0 half-uni %row would %e one of each allele. ./ # // (parent genotypes) . /

./ ./ $ossi%ility of ha ing a child with a full,%ushy uni-%row (//) is 2%4& or '0( / /

// //

1. 0 cross %etween round radishes (RR) and long radishes (**) produces o al radishes (R*). !hat would happen if you crossed a round radish and an o al radish. RR # R* (parent genotypes) R R RR R* R $))sprin# wo*ld be 2%4 or '0( ro*nd + 2%4 or '0( o,al * RR R*

Codominance
1. 0 father has the %lood type 0/ and a mother is hetero(ygous for %lood type 0. !hat are the possi%le %lood types of their first child2 -his 3uestion is asking for the $45+6-7$5 of the first child (type of %lood)-you do not ha e to specify if it is homo-or hetero(ygous.

(parents genotypes-do this first to make the $unnett) i0i/ # i0i i0

0nswer) -ype 0, -ype /, and -ype 0/

i/ i0 i/ I /i

i0 i0 i0 i

i0
i &. !hat are 0** the possi%le %lood types of children in the following families2

0. /. '. ;.

8other homo(ygous 0 i0i0 hetero(ygous 0 i0i 0/ 0/

"ather hetero(ygous 0 i0i 6 6 0/ ii ii

9enotypes i0i0 - i0i

$henotypes -ype 0 -ype 0, -ype 6 -ype 0, -ype /

-ype 0,-ype,/,-ype 0/

i0 i - i i i 0 i : i /i i0i0- i0i/- i/i/

i0 i/ i0 i/

i0i/

a. "or the a%o e 3uestion, first write the genotype of the parents. %. -hen, <foil the parent genotypes to determine the possi%le children genotypes (since it is not asking for a ratio, you only need to write each possi%le genotype one time). c. .se the genotypes to then determine the possi%le children phenotypes d. !hen writing phenotypes of %lood-types, you do not need to specify if it is <homo(ygous or hetero(ygous, unless it asks you. ,. -he palomino horse is a hy%rid (mi#) showing a golden coat with a lighter mane and tail. 0 pair of codominant alleles, ;1 and ;& is known to %e in ol ed in this trait. 4orses with the ;1;1 genotype are chestnut colored, horses with the ;1;& genotype are palomino, and horses with the ;&;& genotype are white in color. 0. -wo palomino horses are mated %y artificial insemination. !hat types of offspring could %e produced2 =uestion is asking for <types- or phenotypes. ;1;& # ;1;& (parents genotypes-do this first to make the $unnett) 0nswer) 'hestnut, palomino, and white horses

;1 ;1;1 ;1;& ;1

;& ;1;& ;&;&

;& /. If a palomino horse and a white horse are mated, what types of offspring could %e produced2 =uestion is asking for <types- or phenotypes ;1;& # ;&;& (parents genotypes-do this first to make the $unnett) 0nswer) $alomino and white horses

;1 ;1;& ;1;&

;& ;&;& ;&;&

;&

;& 1. If a man with %lood type /, one of whose parents had %lood type 6, marries a woman with %lood type 0/, what will %e the theoretical percentage of their children with %lood type /2 0nswer) "irst, determine the genotype of the father. >ince one of his parents is -ype 6, he must %e hetero(ygous. i/ i # i0i/ (these parents genotypes) '0( of the children will %e -ype / (dont need to specify homo-or hetero(ygous)

i/ i0 i/ i /i / i0 i i /i

i0 i/

Multiple Alleles
1. 0 couple ha e four children. -heir first child has type 0 %lood, the second has type 6, the third has type 0/, and the fourth has type /. !hat are the genotypes of the parents2 0nswer) Remem%er, that this pro%lem is talking a%out 1 pregnancies, which would %e 1 $unnetts. -he order of %irth doesnt matter. /ecause it is not asking for ratios, you can do ?ust one $unnett, to look at the possi%le $45+6-7$5>. "ill in the $unnett first. -."/) .) an o))sprin# is /0pe 0& alwa0s p*t them in the bottom ri#ht box. -his means that each parent is contri%uting an <i, so fill that in the parent gamete. /ecause they produce an 0/ child, each must contri%ute an 0 or a /. 7oure finished@

i0 i0 i/ i0 i i/

i i/ i ii

&. 0 woman with type 0/ %lood marries a man with type 0 %lood. 4is mother had type 6 %lood. !hat %lood type is not likely to occur among this couples children2 !hy : e#plain. "irst, determine the genotype of the father. >ince one of his parents is -ype 6, he must %e hetero(ygous. I0 i # i0i/ (these parents genotypes-man first) -hen, do the $unnett. -he answer is -ype 6, since %oth parents do +6- contri%ute an <i.

i0 i0 i0 i0 i/ i0 i i/ i

i0 i/
,. !hat is the pro%a%ility that a couple whose %lood types are 0/ and 6 will ha e a type 0 child2 i0i/ # i i (parents genotype) ;oesnt matter how you set up $unnett, %ecause you dont know which is which parent) -he answer is ABC. ;oesnt matter if it is homo-or hetero(ygous i0

i/ i0 i i0 i i/ i i/ i

i i