Math 55 Third Long Exam 1. Determine if the following sequence/series converges or diverges. (a) ln(1 + en ) n Solution.

lim
n=1

Sample Only (Answer Key)

ln(1 + en ) en en = lim = 1. = lim n n en n 1 + en n Therefore the sequence is convergent. ln(1 + en ) n ln(1 + en ) = 1 = 0, the series diverges by Divergence Test. n n

(b)
n=1

Solution. Since lim

(c)
n=1

(1)n ln(n + 1)

Solution. Let bn =

1 . ln(n + 1) 1 i. lim bn = lim =0 n n ln(n + 1) 1 1 < = bn , so {bn } is decreasing ii. bn+1 = ln(n + 2) ln(n + 1) Therefore, the series converges by the Alternating Series Test.

(d)
n=1

2n n+1

5n

Solution. Let an = lim |an | = lim

1 n

2n n+1 2n n+1

5n

.
5n
1 n

= lim

2n n+1

= 25 > 1.

Therefore the series diverges by Root Test. (e)

n=1

n5 + n4 n7 + n3 n + 1 n7

n5 + n4 n5 1 and bn = 7 = 2 . 3 +n n+1 n n an n5 + n4 n7 + n6 lim = lim 7 n2 = lim 7 =1>0 3 n bn n n + n n + 1 n n + n3 n + 1 1 n5 + n4 Since is convergent ( p -series with p = 2 > 1 ), the series also converges by n2 n7 + n3 n + 1 n=1 n=1 Limit Comparison Test. Solution. Let an =

2. Evaluate the sum

n=2 n

n2

2 by looking at its nth partial sum. 1 2 . By partial fraction decomposition, 1

Solution. Let sn =
i=2 n

i2

sn =
i=2

1 1 i1 i+1 1 3 + + 1 1 3 5 + 1 1 4 6 + ... + 1 1 n2 n + 1 1 n1 n+1

1 1 2 4 1 1 1 = 1+ 2 n n1 = 1

Hence,
n=2

n2

2 1 1 1 = lim sn = lim 1 + n 1 n 2 n n1

3 = . 2

3. Detrmine the radius of convergence and interval of convergence of the power series
n=0

(x 2)n . 3n (n + 1)

(x 2)n . By Ratio Test, Solution. Let an = n 3 (n + 1) an+1 n+1 x2 |x 2| (x 2)n+1 3n (n + 1) = lim n+1 = lim = n n n 3 n n + 2 an (n + 2) (x 2) 3 3 |x 2| < 1, i.e., |x 2| < 3. The series converges when 3 Hence, R = 3 and the series converges when 3 < x 2 < 3, i.e., on the interval (1, 5). lim

If x = 1, the series becomes

n=0

(3)n = 3n (n + 1)

n=0

(1)n 3n = 3n (n + 1)

n=0

(1)n . n+1

1 . Let bn = n+1 i. lim bn = lim 1 =0 n n n + 1 1 1 ii. bn+1 = < = bn so {bn } is decreasing n+2 n+1 Hence the series converges by Alternating Series Test.

If x = 5, the series becomes

n=0

3n = 3n (n + 1)

n=0

1 . n+1

1 1 Let an = and bn = . n+1 n an n Then lim = lim = 1 > 0. n bn n n + 1 1 1 Since diverges, also diverges by Limit Comparison Test. n n+1
n=1 n=1

Hence, the interval of convergence is [1, 5). 1 4. Find a power series representation for ln 1 + 2x using the power series reprentation for . (1 + 2x) 1 1 Solution. First, notice that dx = ln(1 + 2x) + c = ln 1 + 2x + c. 1 + 2x 2 1 Now, we obtain a power series for : 1 + 2x

1 1 = = 1 + 2x 1 (2x) Therefore, ln 1 + 2x = 1 dx = 1 + 2x
n=0

(2x) =
n=0

(2)n xn
n=0

(2)n xn dx =

n=0 n=0

(2)n xn+1 +C n+1

Letting x = 0, we get C = ln 1 = 0. Hence, ln 1 + 2x =

(2)n xn+1 . n+1

5. Find the Maclaurin series for f (x) = e2x and use this to nd the sum
n=1

(2 ln 2)n . n!

Since ex =
n=0

xn , we have n!

e Letting x = ln 2, we obtain

2x

=
n=0

(2x)n = n!

n=0

2n n x n!

e2 ln 2 =
n=0

2n (ln 2)n n! (2 ln 2)n n!

eln 2

=
n=0

Hence,
n=0

(2 ln 2)n 2 = eln 2 = 4. n!

6. Find the third degree Taylor polynomial for f (x) = ln(1 + x) centered at 0 and use it to approximate ln(1.5). f (0) = ln 1 = 0 f (0) = 1 f (0) = 1 f (0) = 2

f (x) = (1 + f (x) = (1 + x)2 f (x) = 2(1 + x)3

3

x)1

Therfore, T3 (x) =
i=0

f (i) (0) i x x2 2x3 x =0+ + . i! 1! 2! 3! 1 2 = 1 1 2 1 1 1 10 2 + 3 = + = . 2 2 2 2 3! 2 8 24 24

Hence, ln(1.5) T3