5.80: PROBLEM DEFINITION Situation: A tank is draining through an orice. h1 = 3 m, h = 0.5 m. DT = 0.

6 m, D2 = 3 cm Find: Time required for the water surface to drop the specied distance (3 to 0.5 m). SOLUTION From Example 5-6 the time to decrease the elevation from h1 to h is 2AT 1/2 (h1 h1/2 ) t = 2gA2 2 /4 (0.6 m)2 3 0.5 m1/2 p = 2 9.81 m/ s2 (/4) (0.03 m)2 t = 185 s

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5.108: PROBLEM DEFINITION Situation: A sphere moves below the surface in water. D = 1 ft, h = 12 ft. Find: Speed at which cavitation occurs. Properties: Water (50 F), Table A.5: = 1.94 slug/ ft3 . PLAN Apply the Bernoulli equation between the free stream and the maximum width. SOLUTION Let po be the pressure on the streamline upstream of the sphere. The minimum pressure will occur at the maximum width of the sphere where the velocity is 1.5 times the free stream velocity. Bernoulli equation 1 1 po + Vo2 + ho = p + (1.5Vo )2 + (ho + 0.5) 2 2 Solving for the pressure p gives p = po 0.625Vo2 0.5

The pressure at a depth of 12 ft is 749 lbf/ft2 . The density of water is 1.94 slugs/ft3 and the specic weight is 62.4 lbf/ft3 . At a temperature of 50o F, the vapor pressure is 0.178 psia or 25.6 psfa. Substituting into the above equation 25.6 psfa = 749 psfa (0.625) (1.94) Vo2 (0.5) (62.4) 692.2 = 1.21Vo2 Solving for Vo gives Vo = 23.9 ft/s

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5.111: PROBLEM DEFINITION Situation: A hydrofoil is tested in water. h = 4 ft, V = 25 ft/ s. Find: Speed that cavitation begins. Properties: p0 = 2.5 psi vacuum. Water (50 F) Table A.5, pv = 0.178 psia. PLAN Consider a point ahead of the foil (at same depth as the foil) and the point of minimum pressure on the foil, and apply the pressure coecient denition between these two points. SOLUTION pmin = 2.5 144 = 360 psf gage p0 = 4 = 4 62.4 = 249.6 psf Cp = Cp (360 249.6) (pmin p0 ) = 2 V0 /2 (1.94 slug/ ft3 /2) (25 ft/ s)2 = 1.005

Then

Now let pmin = pvapor = 0.178 psia = 14.52 psia = 2, 091 psfg Then 1.005 = 249.6 psf + 2, 091 (1.94 slug/ ft3 /2)V02

V0 = 49.0 ft/s

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6.9: PROBLEM DEFINITION Situation: A water jet is lling a tank. m = 25 kg, V = 25 L. d = 30 mm, v = 25 m/s. Find: Force on the bottom of the tank (N). Force acting on the stop block (N). Assumptions: Steady ow. Properties: Water (15 C), Table A.5: = 999 kg/ m3 , = 9800 N/ m3 . PLAN Apply the momentum equation in the x-direction and in the y-direction. SOLUTION Force and momentum diagrams

Momentum equation (x-direction) X X X Fx = m o vox m i vix

cs

F = (mv cos 70 ) 2 = Av cos 70o

cs o

Calculations Av2 = 999 kg/ m3 = 441.3 N

(0.03 m)2 4

(25 m/ s)2

F = (441.3 N) (cos 70o ) = 150.9 N 10

F = 150.9 N pushing to the left on the stop block y -direction X Fy = X

cs

m o voy

N W = (mv sin 70 ) N = W + Av 2 sin 70o Calculations: W = Wtank + Wwater = (25 kg) 9.81 m/ s2 + (0.025 m3 )(9800 N/ m3 ) = 490.3 N N = W + Av 2 sin 70o = (490.3 N) + (441.3 N) sin 70o N = 905 N acting upward

X
cs o

m i viy

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6.12: PROBLEM DEFINITION Situation: Horizontal round jet strikes a plate. Q = 2 cfs, Fx = 200 lbf. Find: Speed of water jet (ft/s). Sketch:

Properties: Water (70o F), Table A.5: = 1.94 slug/ft3 . PLAN Apply the momentum equation to a control volume surrounding the plate. SOLUTION Force and momentum diagrams

Momentum equation (x-direction) X 1x Fx = mv

Fx = (mv 1 ) = Qv1 Fx v1 = Q 200 lbf = 1.94 slug/ ft3 2 ft3 / s v1 = 51.5 ft/ s

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6.15: PROBLEM DEFINITION Situation: Water jet from a re hose on a boat. d = 4 in, V = 60 mph = 88.0 ft/s. Find: Tension in cable (lbf). Sketch:

Properties: Water (50 F), Table A.5: = 1.94 slug/ ft3 . PLAN Apply the momentum equation. SOLUTION Force and momentum diagrams

Flow rate m = AV = 1.94 slug/ ft3 (2/12 ft)2 (88.0 ft/ s) = 14.90 slug/ s Momentum equation (x-direction) X F = m (vo )x T = mV cos 60o T = (14.90 slug/ s)(88.0 ft/ s) cos 60o = 656 lbf T = 656 lbf

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