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CHAPTER 3:
ASSIGNMENT 3:

ASSIGNMENT KEYS

Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese 1. Since early in the last lunar month, Tet has already roamed around the vicinities of Hanoi. 2. The peasants in the suburbs are probably the ones to feel the presence of Tet before anyone else because all their tasks from taking care of vegetables, fruits, grass, flowers to fattening pigs and poultry are for Tets sake. 3. Moving down from Kinh Bac, we will see immense fields of flowers especially gladioli of all colors. 4. Adjacent to the inner city are flower districts: Nhat Tan, Nghi Tam, Quang Ba with a number of varieties: dark pink peach blossoms, juicy golden kamquat, purplish violet and bright red gerbera . 5. A few year ago, here was a vast land of flowers sufficiently meeting the need of ornamental plants for Hanoi people. 6. The local inhabitants have long been artisans devoting their lives to growing flowers. 7. It is a regret to see the narrowing flower acreage due to a change in business of a number of artisans. 8. Some have sold their land and left their occupations forever. Others have turned to building luxury villas rented out as mini hotels to foreign tourists with their own capital or in cooperation with those who have capital. 9. Stores and shops have mushroomed, selling all kinds of goods from the most popular to the top-graded ones. 10 No wonder why Hanoi has changed and been developed in the open-door time. Hopefully, Hanoi and its people will always deserve the land of age-old culture. B 1. Mn trnh din chnh ca l hi l mt mn din mang tn t Lnh Chim u dc trnh din ng thi ba sn khu ln khu trung tm. 2. Ton b khu vc quanh n tp trung c kn ngi, ch cha my khong nh cho nhng nghi l c tin hnh. 3. gim bt chi ph trong vic tng kh nng tip cn ca tr em tn tt vi gio dc, chnh ph pht ng chng trnh gio dc v hi nhp cng ng. 4. Trong nhng nm gn y lp li trt t cng cng, H Ni di mt s khu ch tm n nhng vng c qui nh. Nhng trong s 4 khu ch c qui nh , th ch c ch ng Tm c di t khu dn c ng a sang khu vc i La. 5. Ngoi vic u t t ngn sch nh nc, tt c cc trng hc phi tm cc ngun ti chnh khc mua dng dy hc. Tuy nhin, cc ngun ny ch bng 13% ngn sch nh nc dnh cho cc trng ph thng v 21% cho cc trng i hc.

2 6. Tng thu nhp ngn sch nh nc t xp x mc ra ban u. Nhng ngun chi tiu bnh thng vn c m bo, trong khi cc khon chi bt thng cho cc vng b bo, lt, hn hn vn c thc hin. Vic thm ht ngn sch nh nc c gi mc cho php l 3,6% tng thu nhp quc ni vo nm 1998, thp hn nm 1997 l 4,2%. 7.. S pht trin kinh t ca Vit Nam phi c xt trong hon cnh chin tranh ko di. Hon cnh chin tranh y gy ra nhiu thit hi v sinh mng v ti sn cng nh cc cng trnh cng cng v ti nguyn. 8. Mng li truyn hnh ang xy dng rng khp c nc. Ngoi nhng i truyn hnh tng i hin i, c t lu i nh i truyn hnh H Ni v Thnh Ph H Ch Minh, cn c 25 i thuc cc tnh c thnh lp vo nm 1988. Nhng i truyn hnh ny s truyn nhng chng trnh quan trng ca i truyn hnh trung ng v pht chng trnh ca i mnh. 9. Hi Lin Hip Ph N Vit Nam c c i din Quc Hi v ch tch hi c quyn tham d cc cuc hp thng k ca Hi ng B Trng by t quan im ca Hi v ngh nhng iu l lin quan n ph n. 10. Gia nh Vit Nam chu nh hng r rt ca nn vn minh nng nghip. Do chnh sch m ca, nn vn minh cng nghip ang tc ng tng ngy, tng gi vo cuc sng gia nh Vit Nam.

ASSIGNMENT 4:

3 A. 1. to give information 2. about invironmental protection / to be more exact, it is about deforestation. 3. It depends on the leaners ability. 4. yes/ a bilingual dictionary and the context could help to discover the meanings of these words. 5.yes 6. `

NN PH RNG

S gia tng dn s l mt nhn t gy ra nn ph rng nhit i. Tuy nhin, nu cho rng vic m rng mt nn nng nghip t cung t cp nui sng nhiu ming n hn l nguyn nhn chnh, th y l mt gii thch v cn c. i b phn rng Chu M La Tinh, N v Thi Bnh Dng b tn ph l do vic khai hoang trng cc loi nng sn xut khu v do cc hot ng bun bn g, ch khng phi do nn du canh, du c v t in gy nn. Hng nm hot ng bun bn g ph hu 4500 km2 rng, phn ln g c xut khu sang M v Nht. Mi lin h gia nn ph rng v nhu cu thnh lp x hi phn vinh c thy r nt nht Trung M v Brazin ni nhng cnh rng nhit i b bin thnh ng c chn th v vic nui gia sc mang li cc khon li nhun xut khu gip tr n nc ngoi. Khon n nc ngoi khng l ang nng ln vai dn ngho ch yu c dng trang tri cho cc khon mua sm xa x ca chnh ph v qun i. Vic xy dng cc in trang chn th rng ln l nguyn nhn chnh dn n vic ph hu 2000 km2 rng nhit i hng nm Trung v Nam M. t khai hoang ch yu dng cho vic nui b xut khu phc v cho ngnh cng nghip thc n nhanh Bc M, Chu u v Nht- vng xng vi tn gi l vng giao lu hamburger A. 1. to give information 2. about Vietnam,its language and people 3. It depends on the leaners ability. 4. yes/ a bilingual dictionary and the context could help to discover the meanings of these words. 5.yes COUNTRY Our ancestors drank the water from the Red River, Da River, Me Kong River and tried hard/ spare no pain to protect them. Just think about the fact that very few languages in the world enjoy the uniformity as in the case of our mother tongue. In Vietnam, the word nuoc (in the river, lake and sea) have a synonym and homonym of the word nuoc signifying homeland.

4 Here like an immortal block the rivers and people are closely linked to the nature and people by a kind of everlasting cement. That is the patriotism of the Vietnamese people. In the world, there are many countries where people cannot communicate with one another when they travel from one province to another. In Vietnam, on the contrary, no matter where they are from, the north or the south, people are able to understand one another right at the first meeting.

ASSIGNMENT 5:
A. 1. Trong lch s loi ngi khoa hc c xem nh c s mnh gii phng con ngi khi s ngu dt, s m tn, gim i ngho v tng tm hiu bit ca con ngi v th gii. 2. T N. A ca ngi cc nh khoa hc ca thi i l cc nh truyn b nh sng, nhng ngi s xua tan bng m v m ra con ng cho con ngi chinh phc thin nhin. Trong thi k , nhng pht minh khng tng nh my bay, tu ngm v in thoi c d bo trc. 3. Nhng ai quan chng ta ang tri cuc cch mng ny x hi? tr li s my tnh. tm n ngnh cng ngh my tnh tin rng qua mt cuc cch mng v my tnh. Ti sao xy ra ? iu ny c mang li hu qu g cho nhng cu hi ny, cn pha s lc v lch

4. My tnh u tin -bn tnh , do ngi Trung Quc pht minh cch y 5000 nm l tin thn ca my tnh hin i sau ny. Cho n th k th 17, Chu u cha c g c th snh bng bn tnh v tc cng nh chnh xc trong tnh ton. 5. My tnh c pht trin ng thi c, Anh v M tng thm tc cng nh chnh xc trong tnh ton cn cho vic gii m thng ip ca k th. 6. Ngy nay , nhiu cng vic trong cc khu sn xut v dch v do con ngi m trch c th c thc hin nhanh hn v t tn km hn nh s tr gip ca cng ngh my tnh v cc thit b c my tnh kim sot. 7. Ngi my ang dn thay th cng nhn trong dy chuyn sn xut nh nh my ch to t Fiat ca v Nissan ca Nht. Vo nm 1980, 50 robot c cc cng ty ca c s dng chng hn nh hng General Motors Ford, Nissan v Simpson Pope 8. Cng ty no khng cnh tranh c vi chng l s tht bi trong 2 nm va qua tht thu 200 triu s dng cng ngh my tnh u khng th cc i th p dng cng ngh ny. Bng ca cng nghip sn xut ng h Thu S do b ng h in t cnh tranh nn la mi nm.

5 9. Cng vi vic c gii ho mt s qui trnh sn xut, bc u gy ra nn tht nghip vi s lng ln. Nhng ngh nhn lnh ngh trong ngnh tiu th cng nghip vn khan him trc y, nay bng dng t h cm thy tha d v thiu k nng trong nn cng ngh hin i. 10. Nhng tng khoa hc v i ny pht trin vo th k 18 v 19. Cuc cch mng cng nghip Anh vo cui th k 18 cng cng c nim tin vo mt x hi khoa hc k thut mc d li nhun x hi thu vo khng b c chi ph x hi b ra . B 1. Dung Quat Bay is to the northeast of Binh Son District, QN Province. It is 18 km long and is protected by mountain ranges. 2. To the south of the bay is an area of flat land having geographical structure with an area of tens of square kilometers. 3. Here will be formed / established heavy industry and chemical zones, oil refineries, sea products processing zone, light industry zone, and a modern urban residential area with about 600000 inhabitants./ with a population of about 600000. 4. Another advantage is that Dung Quat lies about 12 km from roadway, railway lines, power transmission line and the trans-Vietnam optic cable. Thev supply of fresh water for this area is very convenient with a reserve of about 3 billion cubic meters per year taken from the Tra Bong River. 5. Today, we are going through a period of profound social changes like that of the first industrial revolution. It may be necessary for us to re-define the very notion of work itself.

ASSIGNMENT 6:
A. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. The silt from the Mekong River helps to bring an ample granary representing the whole countrys source of food as well as the local inhabitants riverside lifestyle 2. The Mekong river itself with its huge tributaries and small canals navigable for tiny boats creates a majesty landscape as it flows through VN, the last part of its 4500 km-long journey, pouring into the East Sea. 3. It is significant that these overseas Vietnamese always direct their attention to their homeland, cherish a close link with their families and preserve the national identity which typifies the Vietnamese. 4. In addition to their support for their relatives, a number of overseas Vietnamese have contributed to the welfare of their country and taken part in relief movements to help those who suffer from natural calamities. They have also participated in the charity work following the tradition the luckier should help the sufferer. 5. Before 1988, the effect of the banking system on the development and macro-economic management was minimal. In order to encourage the banking system to play a more constructive role, the government has taken new measures including the reorganization of the

6 banking system, the introduction of restrictive credit policies, and new policies on interest and free trade of gold in market. 6. The government implemented a comprehensive reconstructuring of wages and salaries of the governmental employees with a consolidation of consumer subsidies into the nominal wage structure. Though the monthly minimum wage increased, real salaries have declined substantially as a result of inflation. 7.The survey conducted by the VWU shows that traditional contraceptive methods have been widely used. The survey also indicates that 39% of married women used modern methods, the most frequent method being intra uterine device (IUD). B. 1. Nhng ngi khi xng ra vic dng nng lng nguyn t nhn mnh rng th gii ny ri y chc cn s tr thnh mt th gii ca nguyn t. Ngi ta cng cho rng nhng ngi chng i li vic s dng nguyn t ang chng li tro lu ca lch s v c mi quan h gn gi vi dng h Luddites vn l nhng ngi ch trng p ph my mc ngay t khi cuc cch mng cng nghip bt u. 2. Cc bc s cho thy ln u tin h c th ti to cc h min nhim ca nhng ngi b nhim vi rt bnh AIDS bng cch t ngt tng s lng t bo mu m vi rt HIV hu dit. 3. Trong lnh vc o to y khoa, nhng vic lm c trong nhng nm qua c nh du bng s kin ni bt l vic nhiu chuyn gia v o to y khoa , nhiu trng i hc trn th gii dt vn phi xem xt li ni dung o to i ng cn b y t . 4. Ngi thy thuc ngy nay nn l ngi ca sc kho . V vy ngi thy thuc cn phi bit pht hin , gii quyt , phc hi nhng vn sc kho ca c nhn v cng ng. 5. R rng rng mt thn th kho mnh gip cho mt tm hn lnh mnh, v chnh nhng tm hn lnh mnh iu khin hng i ca h thng gi tr. Mt ngi kho mnh l mt ngi kho mnh v mt th cht ln tinh thn. 6. Ngy nay con ngi c khuynh hng lo u v sc kho th cht. Tuy nhin ti mun nhn mnh ti tm quan trng ca sc kho tm l. Mnh kho v mt tinh thn l rt quan trng v l mt ngi thc s kho mnh l ngi t c s thng bng hp l gia th cht v tinh thn.

ASSIGNMENT 7:
1. The achievements of the renovation process in the past ten years have provided opportunities for women to obtain their goals. Their lives have been improved and women have become less burdened. Social services have helped to ease their housework and create favourable conditions for them to participate in social activities. 2. The Vietnam Womens Union which represents Vietnamese women nationwide , has renovated their organization and work style , thus attracting more and more women to social activities. It has also helped women deal with difficult matters of every life. It has proposed to the state laws and policies that make full use of womens potentials in the process of renovation. 3. Identification of the factors that leads to fast effective foreign language learning has become increasingly important because of a majority of learners who are very anxious , as adults, to learn a foreign language for a specific purpose : business, study, and diplomacy. The requirements for effective language learning may be taken into account in terms of the learners, the teachers and the curriculum. 4. The greatest attraction to the tourists is the age-old traditions typical of the Vietnamese culture. Thousands of historical and revolutionary relics have been graded by the government , hundreds of which have high artistic and historical value . Vietnam is a large community consisting of 54 ethnic groups with different traditions , customs and unique folk culture. hundreds of traditional handicraft villages have produced thousands of famous handicraft and fine art products. 5. If tourists go to an ethnic minority region, they will have an opportunity to engage in other fascinating cultural activities typical of the rainforest region. Take the buffalo stabbing ceremony as an example. Tourists should have to be present about a week before the ceremony to join the local inhabitants in looking for a suitable kind of bamboo to repair the Rong House (The community House) and to make a Neu tree ( The New Year Tree) to chase evil spirits. The ceremony provides tourists with a chance to observe the decoration of jars and the way they are chosen to store wine. They also have an opportunity to observe the way people choose the buffalo for the ceremony. 6. Social welfare is a major policy of Vietnam which has its origin in the age-old national traditions of solidarity and mutual assistance. The basic principle of the policy is to combine the responsibility of the state, the community, and the efforts of each individual within the society. This policy is being gradually extended to all the inhabitants in various forms. 7. Economic backwardness and the danger of lagging behind in the economic development are the great concerns of all the Vietnamese at home and abroad . If Vietnam lags far behind other countries, it will be a supplier of raw materials and cheap labour in the international division of labour. It will have to accept an inferior position and losses in the international cooperation and competition. This is the great challenge facing Vietnam in the current international context. 8. The humanism of the Vietnamese diplomatic line constitutes a typical characteristic. Though the Vietnamese have been victims of countless aggressions, they never lose their compassion . Also, their compassion is a factor which creates the strength and the diplomacy of the nation. Nguyen Trai, a national hero of the 15th century, left a legendary guiding principle which remains today: Using great justice to vanquish cruelty Humanism to subdue brutality

ASSIGNMENT 8:
Translate the following text into English

Beijing may be the seat of political power, but Shanghai can lay claim to the title of commercial capital. Historic sites date back less than 80 years in Shanghai, and yet most visitors fall under the spell of this unique city where ambience is everything. The very name Shanghai still sends a ripple of excitement down most spines. It was a minor weaving and fishing town until the mid 19th century, when it began to develop as a trading and industrial center. Entrepreneurs and carpetbaggers from all over the world descended and developed it into one of the world's most cosmopolitan and sophisticated cities. From the 1920s on it became increasingly notorious as the place where anything could - and usually did - happen. Banks and commercial companies of all kinds built opulent head offices for themselves overlooking what were then open rice fields beyond the banks of the Huangpu river. This whole stretch has survived the busy bulldozers and today it forms a unique open - air museum of 1930s architecture. A stroll along the Bund is a must for everyone who visits what is still regarded by many as China's leading city. Skyscrapers, including some of the world's tallest buildings, have sprouted where the rice used to grow. The most prominent is the Oriental Pearl TV Tower - if time allows, the panoramic views from the upper levels make an unforgettable experience. The past is still tangible in sections of the former French concession, with its elegant villas and tree - lined streets. Around the corner from the Bund, the Peace Hotel and its venerable Jazz Band Are the best-known survivors from a more gracious age, but Shanghai has many other exquisite hotels from the 1930s, most of which are being lovingly restored to their former glory. Shanghai boasts one of the world's truly great museums, opened in 1996. It would be impossible to tour the entire treasure huose in a short visit, but even an hour in the galleries devoted to the bronzes, stones sculptures and ceramics will provide lasting memories.

ASSIGNMENT 9:
Translate the following text into Vietnamese Ngy hm qua, trong bi din vn chnh pht biu ti trng i Hc Quc Gia H Ni, Tng B Th Giang Trch Dn ku gi gii tr Vit Nam v Trung Quc n lc nhm tht cht tnh hu ngh gia hai nc, gp phn vo s nghip ho bnh v pht trin chu cng nh trn ton th gii. Tng B Th-Ch Tch nc Trung Quc ni vi sinh vin: Cc bn tr thn mn, chnh cc bn l nhng ngi to ra tng lai ti sng v tng lai thuc v cc bn. Tng B Th Giang Trch Dn nhn mnh rng mi quan h Vit -Trung s pht trin tt p trong th k 21, trong n lc chung ca thanh nin hai nc l khng th thiu.

91 ng ni: th h tr c hai nc phi theo ui l tng ca mnh v lao ng khng mt mi xy dng Ch Ngha X Hi. ng pht biu rng: Gii tr Trung Quc v Vit Nam cn k tha v pht huy mnh m tinh thn cch mng ca cha ng, c t tng vng vng, chm ch hc tp, n lc v s nghip pht trin Ch Ngha X Hi, v s giu c v thnh vng ca mi nc. ng hy vng gii tr Trung Quc v Vit Nam s gn gi, duy tr v pht trin mi quan h Vit-Trung, trao i v hc hi ln nhau tng cng hiu bit. ng bo m ng v Chnh ph Trung Quc s hon ton ng h s trao i . Ch tch nc Giang Trch Dn ni: Trong lch s, c Vit Nam v Trung Quc u b quc xm lc nhng chng ta u nh bi chng, gii phng dn tc v thng nht t nc. Theo ng tnh hu ngh gia Vit Nam v Trung Quc khng ch xut pht t lch s m cn t thc tin, nh Ch Tch H Ch Minh tng nhn mnh hai dn tc l ng ch, l anh em. ng ni quan h Vit-Trung da trn c s tin tng ln nhau, s n nh lu di, tin , tnh lng ging thn thin v s bo m . ng ni thm: Hp tc trn c s hiu bit ln nhau l cu ni v cng l mc tiu cho tng lai thnh vng. Ch Tch nc Giang Trch Dn ri H Ni ngy hm qua n min Trung Vit Nam. , ng i thm c Hu, c UNESCO cng nhn l di sn th gii, v gp g cc ng ch lnh o ca thnh ph cng Nng. Theo lch trnh, ng s n thm ph c Hi An v cng ty dt may Ho Th trc khi kt thc chuyn i thm ba ngy n Vit Nam.

ASSIGNMENT 10:
Translate the following text into English Concerning a poor country like ours, practising thrift and fighting against waste must be always the national policy. In reality, however, waste has still been spreading everywhere. Waste appears in management, using budget, in basic construction investment, in land and office management, in State-owned enterprises, and waste also exists in the masses with costly weddings. Waste has really been a pressing problem of the society and one of the causes which considerably affects the economy of our country. As in the first year (1998), after the decree of practising thrift and fighting against waste passed by the National Assemblys Standing Committee 10th session in Feb 26th 1998 and taking effective since May 1st 1998, the real expenses in 1998, according to reports of 12 Ministries and bodies functionally equivalent to

92 Ministries, reduced in comparison with the balance in 1997, for instance, conference expenses: VND12.8 billion, business expenses: VND12.43 billion, telephone, fax expenses: VND9.57 billion, expenses for great reparation of fixed assets: VND80.94 billion, expenses for purchasing professionally fixed assets: VND153.7 billion. The States budget in 1999 is estimated to continue economizing 10% of estimated regular expenses. Some regular expenses have sharply fell from 30% to 70%, e.g. expenses for purchasing office equipment, for conferences and receptions Reducing expenses statistics while the Decree of practising thrift and fighting against waste is being carried out are really speaking numbers, which show that this campaign is taking a turn for better. These numbers, however, indicate that spending has so far been loose and that it is necessary to limit expenses. Financial inspections and annual balance reports helped to find out a breach of rules of administrative management of many enterprises and administrative bodies. One of the most pressing and costly expenses nowadays is: expenses for medal reception, branch forming celebration, conferences Such festivities have cost so much money for hiring halls, parties, gifts At the end of the year, restaurants are crowded with Gods, most of whom are public servants, because inhabitants have no such budget for those parties. While free inhabitants are leading a poor life and spending thriftily, practising thrift and fighting against waste in subsidy spending mechanism is a must.

ASSIGNMENT 11:
Translate the following text into Vietnamese 1. Thnh ph Gaza- Nhng ngi lnh o ca Israel v Palestin tin hnh m phn sut m m theo cch ni ca ng Dennis Ross - Phi vin ca Hoa K l mt m tt lnh cho cng vic nhm ph v s b tt trong vic Israel tr hon ruts qun khi th trn West Bank ca Heebron. ng Ross ri khi vn phng ca nh lnh o Palestin- Yasser Arafat, sm hm qua sau 3 g ng h c mt trong khi nhng ngi tham d m phn vn tip tc cc cuc hi m. ng A ra fat ni : Cuc gp g din ra theo chiu hng tch cc v c tnh xy dng. ng cn ni thm rng ng v ng Ross gii quyt mt s khc mc gia ti v ng y, cp mt cch r rng n gi ca chnh ng tun trc l ng Ross c bnh vc Israel. ng Ross- d nh s tr v nc vo ngy hm qua - ng rng: Chng ti c mt lot cc cuc tho lun tt p. Khi cp n cc cuc m phn, ng ni: l mt bui ti

93 lm vic quyt. tt p, nhng cn mt s vn cn c gii

Bn trong ta tr s chnh ca ng Arafat, nhm i din Palestin do ng trng on m phn Saeb Erekat dn u tip tc cc cuc bn tho vi Israel do hai ng MaJ Gen Shaul Muha faz v Yitzhak c vn cao cp ca Th tng Benjamin Netanyahu dn u. Cc cuc hi m bt u vo chiu Ch Nht Ze ru sa lem v sau chuyn n Gaza. Cc c quan truyn thng Israel phng on rng nu cuc thng lng thnh cng th ng Ro ss c th hon li chuyn bay ca ng v hai ng Netanyahu v Arafat c th t chc mt cuc hp thng nh ni trong ngy hm qua hoc hm nay. Israel sp sa rt qun ra khi Hebron - thnh ph Westbank, vng cui cng b chim ng- vo thng 3 th phi hon li sau mt lot tn cng ca bn khng b Israel. ng Netanyahu, mt nhn vt cng rn c bu lm th tng vo thng 5 va qua, tr hon vic tip tc rt qun, v n lc bo m an ninh cho 500 c dn ang sng trong th trn ca 130.000 ngi rp. Ngi Palestin t chi vic ni li cc cuc m phn v yu cu Israel tip tc rt qun nh cam kt trong bn Hip c v quyn t tr c k kt. Vo ngy Ch Nht ti Hebron, qun i vy bt khong 100 ngi Palestin sau khi c k nm 2 qu bom vo lnh th ca ngi Do Thi nhng khng c ngi no b thng. H b qun i cha sng thm tra v bt gi trong vng na gi nhng sau phn ln c th ra. Pht ngn vin ca qun i ni rng nhiu ngi Pale stin vn ang cn b bt gi. Mt ngi Pale stin ang i ngang qua vng lnh th Beit Hada ssah th b mt ci thang lm bng kim loi ri hoc ai nm t mi nh xung lm b thng; ngi ny c a n bnh vin thnh ph cha tr 2. TP H Ch Minh - S lng du khch nc ngoi n Viet Nam ngy cng tng. Theo s liu thng k gn y ca Tng Cc Du Lch Vit Nam th lng du khch tng bnh qun hng nm l 30%. Mc d lng du kahchs tng, nhng tnh trng khch li khch sn gim ng k so vi nhng nm va ri. Hn 6 nm qua,, cc khch sn lin doanh v cc nh khch ch khai thc

94 c t 85-90% s phng hin c. Hin gi ch cn t mc 60%, thp hn nhiu so vi cc khch sn ca nh nc v nh khch t nhn. Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh ca s tt gim lng khch l do khch sn lin doanh mc ln nh nm, iu ny dn n vic cnh tranh khc lit v gi phng v gi dch v. Nhiu khch sn c tng doanh thu thp trong khi li chu mc thu cao, ang tr thnh gnh nng cho cc ng ch v c nhiu khch sn sp sa buc phi ng ca. a s du khch nc ngoi hm h n Vit Nam tm mt ci g mi m v mun i n nhng vng c v p t nhin v hoang d trong thi gian lu li ca h. V l do ny, du lch Vit Nam cn t chc li vic qun l v t ra nhng mc tiu nhm tha mn nhu cu hin nay ca du khch. Mc d lng du khch vn tng trong nhng nm qua nhng s du khch tr li Vit nam ln th hai rt t. R rng rng ngnh du lch Vit Nam vn cha sc hp dn du khch. Thm vo , cc im du lch v cc phng tin n i li cha t n tiu chun quc t. Vit nam hin c khong 22 tnh v thnh ph ang hon tt nhng k hoch tng th chi tit xy dng cc khu ngh mt cho du khch. Tuy nhin nhng n ny vn cha c trin khai, vn ang cn ang c tho lun. Mc d hng nm chnh ph chi hng chc t ng nng cp cc di tch lch s quc gia v cc khu ngh mt, nhng do s yu km v chuyn mn qun l nn nhng ni ny vn cha c th thc y s pht trin ca ngnh du lch nc nh. ci thin cht lng ca cc nh ngh v tng cng hot ng ca khch sn, ngnh du lch Vit nam cn chnh ph u t nhiu hn na. Translate the following text into English More and more Vietnamese people are seeking study abroad at. their own expense. While the number of people who have already done so is relatively small - 2970 from mid 1992 to May this year - the numbers are expected to increase within the next. few years a: the Vietnamese economy strengthens and the government streamlines the procedures to make it. easier. But t he biggest boost to Vietnamese people courageously investing their money for themselves or their children to gain an international standard education has come through the staging of a special overseas education exhibition held in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi over the past two months. Called "Edukasia", the. exhibition featured universities, vocational schools and school equipment suppliers from Great Britain, France, Australia, The United States and Switzerland. The exhibition sought to establish what training or education private Vietnamese

95 students were seeking and the overseas institutions companies explained what they could offer. Courses in telecommunications, machine building. the hotel industry, tourism and cooking wt-re particularly featured. Up until now, most Vietnamese students have been going abroad for further study as recipients of international scholarship or funding from foreign government. Vietnam has been annually sending about 77 students and 160 senior level experts abroad through such officially sponsored scheme. Most of the private students have been going to Russia. Some to eastern European countries and a trickle to the Netherlands. Belgium, the USA, Denmark and Thailand. But. in April this year, a temporary halt has been put. on private places being offered to foreign students in Russia and Eastern Europe. While these existing avenues for Vietnamese students have required secondary school graduation and intensive courses in the relevant foreign language and computers, often these schemes were deficient in anticipating the problems foreign private students may encounter, particularly regarding duration and the level of the courses being offered. There has been an avoidable waste of time and money, and an attrition rate.

At "Edukasia", the courses on offer are delivered abroad it Vietnam by correspondence or distant training. Those student who want to go abroad for study must first of all be able to speak English which is an indispensable condition for initial contact: and assimilation of knowledge:

Educational standards are also set, such as marks obtained it each subject and health condition. A number of schools give priority to students with high marks in intelligence tests and offer them scholarship. But 90% of tested students have to pay education fees.

According to Mr. Charles Wilmot, the director of Edukasia, the fees are high, depending on the institution and the courses. But they are reasonably calculated. The lowest level is 2500 USD/year; while the most reputed USA schools and purses generally demand 3000 USD/year to 6000 USD/year. Fees for remote training are less, about 300 USD/year, and graduation diplomat are also recognized as equivalent to the regular training diplomas These institutions are ready to receive Vietnamese students and to facilitate entry visas. The remaining question depends upon a decision by the Vietnamese government. Mr. Wilmot stressed that in general, the accommodation and studying conditions of students in countries where there were Vietnamese students were very good. In Great Britain especially, there are organizations specialized in helping foreign students. Most Vietnamese studying abroad begin their training at the age of 18 to 19, the lowest allowed aged is 13. There is no limit for a maximum age studying abroad depends now only on these students willing to receive an advanced knowledge of the world.

ASSIGNMENT 12:
Translate the following text into English Poor people often have larger families than middle class and upper class people. And people in underdeveloped countries have more children than people in developed countries. More and

96 more experts in population growth see the strong relationship between family size and economic development. In some areas, government family planning services may not be available to poor people due to geographic location. For example, people in rural areas may live too far away from family planning services. Therefore, they don't receive information about ways to control family size. In general, people in urban areas have much more information available to them than people living in rural areas. Urban people have help with family planning, and they have smaller families. So we can say that geography where people live - plays a part in determining family size: Urban families are smaller than rural families. What are the other reasons? Economic development of families and, on a larger scale, of nations, is an important factor in determining family size. People with a lot of money have fewer children. On the other hand, poor people in underdeveloped countries choose to have many children. Why? Because they have to depend upon their children to take care of them in their old age. They have no insurance, pensions, or government help. When they grow old, where can they get help? The answer is simple. They can and will turn to their children. Their children will be adults then, and they will be working. The children can all share the costs and other responsibilities of taking care of their parents. For many poor people, a large family is a way of planning and preparing for the future. We could say that a large family is insurance for old age in some societies.

ASSIGNMENT 13:
Translate the following text into English China's powerful exporters are training their sights on, Vietnam, seeing their southern neighbour as ripe for a boost in purchases of consumer goods and machinery, Chinese executives said here Thursday. But Vietnam has a long way to go before it sees its exports to China grow as few products are likely to break into the more developed Chinese market, the executives said at the opening of a trade fair here. Some 60 firms from Beijing are showing off their wares ranging from cheap plastic toys and ornaments to off - road vehicles at the fair in Hanoi in what is the first exhibition of Chinese goods here since the two countries began patching up their relations. Beijing Jeep, a Sino - American auto manufacturer, is hoping to squeeze into Vietnam's growing car market but is facing stiff competition from Japanese firms already entrenched here, said Beijing Automotive Import Export Corp. (BAIEC) vice president Guo Fengli. "The market here is opening up quite quickly for our products, particularly as we are very competitive in pricing with our rivals," Guo said. BAIEC is looking to set up barter deals with Vietnam but is facing problems finding suitable moods to trade although Guo thinks he may have found the answer in the humble sweet potato. The Chinese firm is planning to trade cars for foodstuffs that will be sold in southern China but would prefer to exchange higher value goods.

97 "We don't know much about what Vietnam has to offer, "said Guo, a point repeated by other traders who were more eager to sell than buy. Cross border trade has boomed since the frontier was reopened in 1991. Officially, two - way trade stands at around 500 million US dollars although the illegal frontier trade is believed to b! much higher, with China enjoying a massive surplus. During a visit to China last week, Deputy Prime Minister Phan Van Khai called for both sides to replace the cross border trade with official agreements between trading companies and manufacturers that would boost sales of Vietnamese products., Vietnam wants to step up exports of coal and oil to southern China's booming manufacturing centres, which are thousands of kilometres (miles) from China's own sources of energy. Khai also called for more sales of rice and other food products and for Vietnam to import more manufacturing machinery and other technology from China.

ASSIGNMENT 14:
Translate the following text into English Saudi Arabia has about 8.,853,000 people. Almost all of these people are Arab Muslims. In other words, they are followers of the Islamic religion. Saudi Arabia is a religious nation. The king of Saudi Arabia is both the political leader and one of the religious leaders of the country. The government laws are Islamic law (Muslim religious law), and the national language is Arabic. The Islamic religion is very important in the Saudi educational system. Before 1950 almost all education in Saudi Arabia was religious education. Students studied the Koran, the Islamic holy book. They tried to memorize as much as possible from this book. There were no colleges or universities before 1949 and only a few elementary and secondary schools. In 1953, the Saudi government established the Ministry of Education. This was really the beginning of the modern educational system in Saudi Arabia. When engineers discovered oil in Saudi Arabia, the country started to become very wealthy. Saudi leaders realized that Western technology was necessary for the country to develop. The leaders still believed that religious education was very important, but a modern country could not develop technologically with only a traditional, religious educational system. They decided to add other subjects to the educational system. They wanted to combine traditional religious education with modern technological education from the West. Religion is still an important part of Saudi education. Now, however, Saudi students study all kinds of other subjects too: languages (especially English), history, science, mathematics, computer technology, etc. Before 1950, there were about 20,000 students in Saudi Arabia. In 1982, there were 1,780,000 students. The educational system has grown faster in Saudi Arabia than in almost any other country in the world. All schools in Saudi Arabia are free.

ASSIGNMENT 15:
Translate the following text into Vietnamese

98 Sau khi t nhiu hi vng vo vic khoan trng cc m du kh ngoi khi Vit Nam, cc cng ty du m khng l trn th gii nhn ra nhng ri ro. Ci gi u t khng l nhng li nhn c mt khon li nhun cm ci. Tm trng gim i trong s nhng cng ty nc ngoi tham gia trin lm trng by cc mt hng ca ngnh cng ngh ti cuc Trin lm Du v kh t Quc t ln th hai H Ni. ng Melchior de Matharel, V Trng ng Nam ca hng Total Php pht biu : Kt qu khng phi l t, nhng khng ln nh mt s ngi hy vng. Nu s ch by gi l khu hiu lm tht vng cc cng ty du la nc ngoi c th to ngun an i t nhng khm ph y khch l va qua v du do cng ty Mitsubishi v cng ty du Petrornas Cairigali ca Malaisia, v v kh t ca BP, ngoi b bin nam Vit Nam. Vic thm d du kh thm lc a Vit nam l ht sc kh khn. Tuy nhin, ng Matherel ni rng thm lc a Vit Nam l mt ni cha du. S nhit tnh ca nhng ngi thm d t nhin suy gim vo thng 5 trc khi cng ty du BHP ca c thng bo tr lng du v tr m i Hng, 375 cy s ng nam thnh ph HCM l t i hn so vi d tr. Ti v tr ny, BHP c tnh s khi l tr lng y khong t 700 n 800 triu thng du, nhng hin nay con s y xung 100 n 200 triu thng. Vic sn xut c d kin bt u vo thng ti, mc khim nhng l 25000 thng mt ngy. iu l mt n ging mnh cho BHP, mt cng ty u t n 240 triu la Vit Nam v mt na ca kinh ph ny c s dng cho d n i Hng. BHP n u mt hip hi quc t bu chn vo thng 4/1993 c trch nhim trin khai tng kinh ph 1,5 t trong lnh vc ny. BHP chim 43,75% tng s vn ca Hip hi, Petronas chim 20%, cng ty quc doanh Petro-Vietnam chim 15%. Phn 21,25% cn li chia u cho cng ty Total (Php) v cng ty Sumitomo ca Nht. Vo thi im , chnh Nht Bn l khch mua hng chnh ca du th Vit Nam, l din c c mt c may tt nht.

99 Cng ty Du Kh Vit nam- Nht bn (JVPC), mt chi nhnh ca tp on du kh Mitsubishi thng bo trong thng 6 l c mt s khm ph rt ha hn ti v tr Rng ng. Theo kt qu ghi nhn c t mt t mt ging du thm d, khu vc khai thc c th c cng cht lng nh v tr m Bch H gn mt a im duy nht hin gi ang c kinh doanh khai thc Vit Nam. Tr lng ca Bch H c tnh mc cao nht l 3000 triu thng. Nhng t nht cn phi mt nm na v cn n vic khoan d na th mi c th xc nh chnh xc c mc tiu vic thm d ca cng ty Nht. Nhng ngi bi quan th cho rng cn n khong 5 nm mi nh gi ng v y tr lng du ca Vit Nam. Vic thm d v khai thc kh t cng chng t l mt dch v ang gp kh khn, d c may mm ci vi vi cng ty BP Anh, mt n v m trong thng 9 thng bo l pht hin ra hai ti du kh, c tnh t c 57 t mt khi Nam Cn Sn, pha nam thnh ph HCM. Cng ty BHP v cng ty Quc gia Na Uy Statoil mua li cc phn c nhng ca cng ty kh t v du kh quc gia n (ONGC) vo nm 1992. Lin hip, vi ONGC nm 55% c phn, BP 30% v Statoil 5% tin hnh thm d v th nghim theo mt hp ng phn chia sn phm vi Vit Nam, mt n v ln lt nhn 5% tin gp vo, cn c trn quyn li ca mi i tc Chu u. Translate the following text into English The failure of a space shuttle steering jet Wednesday forced NASA to suspend a radar survey of Earth as Endeavour's 10 day environmental research flight passed the halfway mark. The problem was a hindrance to the $384 million space Radar Laboratory but not a danger to the astronauts, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration said. Officials said a fuel temperature sensor failed, disabling a leak detection system in the suspect thruster and triggering a shutdown of five others, called verniers, which are needed to fine-tune the shuttle's orbital path and precisely point cargo bay instruments at targets on the planet. Mission commentator Kelly Humphries late Wednesday called the scientific hiatus "temporary pause" while ground engineers hastily devised a way for shuttle computers to ignore the broken sensor.

10 0 Maneuvering Endeavour with its 38 larger thrusters would consume too much full and eliminate hope of extending the natural disasters around the globe, according to flight director Rich Jackson. Late Wednesday the shuttle was flying on autopilot and the crew, which has been working in two shifts around the clock since Friday's liftoff from Florida, was enjoying an unexpected time-out., Jackson predicted the software patch would be ready by Thursday afternoon, about 24 hours after the malfunction occurred. "The payloads community and the flight control team are working very hard to regain venire control and minimise the impact. in the intervening time period". Jackson told reporters at Mission Control in Houston. Scientists said the problem would not harm the images but that it would take up to five times longer to process the radar data in their computers.

ASSIGNMENT 16:
Translate the following text into Vietnamese Nc Anh c chia lm 651 khu vc bu c ngi dn mi khu vc chn ra mt ngi i din cho mnh h vin. Anh h thng bu c n gin c s dng trong cc cuc bu c quc hi theo phng thc b phiu kn. Hin nay, h thng ny c nhng iu chnh ngy cng tr nn ti u hn. Vic bu c l hon ton t ngun. mi ngi dn Anh t 18 tui tr nn khng b tc quyn bu c do phm php, u c th b phiu bu c. Nhng ngi khng c quyn bu c bao gm: thnh vin ca hong gia, cc nh qu tc l thnh vin ca thng ngh vin hoc l c dn nc ngoi. Ngoi ra cn c bnh nhn nm vin do c vn v tm thn phm nhn ang thi hnh n v nhng ngi b kt n, trong vng nm nm trc v ti tham nhng.

ng c vin:
Bt c ai trn 21 tui l cng dn nc Anh cc nc trong khi thnh vng chung hoc l nc cng ho Ai Len, c t cch th u c th ng c vo quc hi, nhng ngi khng c quyn ng c l thnh vin ca thng ngh vin, tng l, gio s thuc gio hi Anh, gio hi Ai Len, gio hi SctLan v gio hi Thin cha gio La M, nhng ngi b ph sn, ngi lm dch v cng cng v nhng ngi b kt n t t 1 nm tr ln cng khng c tham gia tranh c. Cc ng c vin trong mt khu vc bu c phi tr mt khong tin 1000 bng nh l mt khong tin t cc. Nu dnh c t nht 5% phiu bu c th h s c nhn li s tin . Tng bu c:

10 1 Theo nguyn tc, bu c h ngh vin c t chc 5 nm mt ln. Nhng cc cuc bu c thng c t chc trc khi kt thc mt nhim k 5 nm. Th tng l ngi c quyn quyt nh thi gian t chc tng bu c. N Hong c th gii tn Quc hi v ku gi mt cuc bu c lp nn quc hi mi. Nc Anh c chia thnh cc vng gi l khu vc bu c da trn s lng dn c xp x nhau. Tng bu c thng c t chc vo th 5 v mi ngi vn i lm nh thng l. Do , thi gian bu c rt linh ng ko di t 7h n 22h cho tt c mi ngi u c th n b phiu. Ti cc a im b phiu, c tri c pht phiu bu c in tn cc ng c vin khu vc bu c , danh sch thng sp xp theo th t anphabe i khi cn c mt bn tm tt v tiu s ng c vin v ng ca h c i km vi l phiu. Sau , cc phiu khng hp l s b loi v ngi ta s tin hnh kim phiu i vi s phiu hp l v ng c vin no nhn c nhiu phiu ng h nht s l ngi thng cuc v tr thnh thnh vin Quc hi i din cho khu vc ca mnh. Chin dch tranh c: Chin dch tranh c din ra trong vng 3 tun trc ngy tng bu c. Chin dch tranh c din ra mi khu vc bu c trn ton quc. Cc ng c vin s dng mi loi phng tin, sch lc thu ht s ng h ca ngi dn. Vn ng tranh c: Vn ng tranh c c ngha l nhn vin ca ng a phng i n tng gia nh v hi ngi dn v nh ca h, xem th l h nh bu ai. Bng cch ny, cc ng c vin c th bit c nh cng nh thi ca ngi dn, t h c th iu chnh cc chin lc ca mnh. Ngoi ra nhn vin s quay tr li nhng gia nh c ngi ha l s ng h ng ca h thc gic h b phiu cho ngi ca ng mnh trong ngy bu c. Mt tin: ng u gm ni vi vn c vin c th t chc mt tin bt c ni no bt c ni c th trong sut chin dch bu c. Khch mi ca h bao nhng ngi c tm nh hng ln ttrong ng, nhng ngi ting ng h h nh nh vn, din vin gy nh hng i c tri. Nhng cuc mt tin nh th thng c a trn ln cc phng tin thng tin i chng.

Thng tin i chng: Do bo v tp ch Anh thng l thuc s hu t nhn v c lp v mt ti chnh i vi cc ng phi chnh tr nn ngi ch bt hoc ngi bin tp c th ng h bt c ai h mun.

10 2 Tuy nhin, i pht thanh v i truyn hnh th khc lun lun cng bng, khng thin v. Chng trnh tin tc a tin v mi mt ca chin dch tranh c ca cc ng. Trong thi gian ny, cc ng c vin xut hin trn i v tivi sut ngy m, ta c th thy h nh my, x nghip, trng hc, trung tm thanh nin v c cc nng tri. H pht biu cc chnh sch ca ng mnh. Chng trnh i thoi trc tip trn cho php mi ngi t cu hi cho cc nh lnh o chnh tr. Bn cnh , cc bi tng thut, bi bnh lun do cc phng vin ghi li trong cc cuc phng vn vi cc nh lnh o ca cc ng cng c pht sng. Bn tuyn ngn: Cc ng ln cho xut bn bn tuyn ngn ca ng mnh trong sut chin dch bu c. Mi ng u a ra bn tuyn ngn ca ng mnh nh l mt n phm tham kho. N cung cp cho ngi dn nhng thng tin v chnh sch ca ng, v nhng g h s lm nu h c c. Cc bn tuyn ngn cn bao gm nhng thnh cng trc y ca ng. Ngoi ra i khi n cn cha ng s cng kch ca ng ny i vi ng i lp.

ASSIGNMENT 17:
Translate the following text into Vietnamese H Ni ang c gng tng gp i GDP ln 1100 la M trong vng 5 nm ti. K hoch y tham vng ny c a ra trn c s 11,9% t l tng GDP hng nm ca thnh ph. Ti i hi i biu ng B thnh ph H Ni c t chc va qua, cc i biu c thng bo: nu t l tng trng vn tip tc nh d tnh th GDP s t khong 15% vo u th k. iu c ngha l GDP tng gp i. i hi cng cp n vn c s CN nh truyn thng ca nn kinh t th tng nhanh b thay th bi cc hot ng CN v nghnh cng nghip dch v-thng mi. Ngoi ra i hi cn c bo co l khong 19% s h gia nh H Ni c th xp vo din h giu. Mc GDP bnh qun nm ngoi ca thnh ph c c tnh l khong 650 la. Cao hn so vi 470 la nm 1991 (tc tng trng mnh m). S tng trng ny l kt qu ca hng lot cc d n u t trong nc v nc ngoi c tnh vo khong 32,570VND (khong 3.275 triu USD).

10 3 Ph ch tch hi ng Nhn Dn thnh ph H Ni, ng L Xun Hng bo co vi i hi rng: Mt phn ca s vn u t c s dng cho qu trnh chuyn giao cng ngh, i mi thit b trong nghnh CN. Phn ln s vn u t cn li c dng vo vic thit lp cng ty lin doanh vi i tc nc ngoi. Vo cui nm 1995 c n hn 210 d n u t nc ngoi c cp giy php kinh doanh trn a bn thnh ph H Ni vi tng s tin ln ti 3,3 t la. ng Tng ni trong s l 1 phn 3 t la c s dng. iu ny gip H Ni trong vic la chn hng c cu li c s kinh t theo hng CN-DV thay cho c cu c vi vai tr tr ct ca CN nh v nng nghip truyn thng. Theo li ng Tng, t l sn phm CN, thng mi, dch v trong tng sn phm quc ni ca thnh ph H Ni giai on 1991-1995 tng ln n 33,1% i vi cng nghip v 61,6% i vi thng mi v dch v. Trong khi t l nng nghip li gim xung tng GDP. cn 5,3% trong

ng Tng cn ni s thay i ca b mt kinh t H Ni cn nh vo s tng vt ca t l tng trng hng nm ca 5 nm trc. ng ni t l tng trng 11,9% hng nm cng c m bo chc chn, con s ny cao hn gp i so vi t l ra nm 1991. ng Tng bo co vi cc i biu rng vo nm 2000 t l tng trng ca thnh ph s t 15% 1 nm. GDP c tnh t khong 1000 la. Vo thi im t l sn phm cng nghip tng s GDP ca thnh ph H Ni s t 40% tng 7% so vi hin ti. Nm ngnh cng nghip t c mc ch tr thnh ngnh cng nghip then cht ca thnh ph bao gm: ngnh sn xut thit b in, my mc, c kh; ngnh dt; ch bin thc phm; in t; vt liu xy dng. Trong 5 nm ti H Ni cn khong 9 t USD u t xy dng pht trin nhng khu cng nghip mi, i mi cc khu cng nghip c, xy dng cc to nh ln trung tm thnh ph lm cc vn phng i din, khu thng mi, khu vui chi gii tr, H Ni c khong 10 khu cng nghip v 5 ci khc ang c xy dng. Nhiu khu cng nghip hin nay cn nhng khong u t theo chiu su thay th cc k thut c, m rng xy dng nhiu nh my hn na.

10 4 Tuy nhin ph b th ng u thnh ph H Ni cn nhc nh cc i biu rng cn phi n lc hn na gi vng s pht trin theo hng nn kinh t th trng theo nh hng x hi ch ngha. ng cn ni chnh quyn thnh ph H Ni tht bi trong vic xy dng s on kt cc quan h sn xut kinh doanh x hi ch ngha. Trong khi b my hnh chnh cc cp cn yu v vai tr ca ng trong cc t chc kinh t x hi khc nhau vn cn hn ch. Nhng tham vn ca ng Tng cn c Tng b th Mi cng c thm, ng Tng ch pht biu vi i hi rng: Bn cnh nhng thnh cng ban u H Ni cn ch n vic pht trin kinh t v xy dng ngun nhn lc. ng ch ni 6% nhn dn thnh ph H Ni tht nghip l mt thch thc m thnh ph cn phi gii quyt. C th l bng cch lp nn cc nhm sn xut t hnh thnh cc c s cng nghip nh v pht trin cng nghip dch v. ng ch ph b th L Xun Tng ni rng: trong giai on 1991-1995 s lng cc gia nh giu tng ln gn 19%. S h ngho gim xung ch cn khong 2%.

ASSIGNMENT 18:
Translate the following text into Vietnamese Lm vn l mt ngh truyn thng Vit Nam, n xut hin ng thi hay sm hn ngh trng la nc. Nhng VAC ( vit tt ca vn, ao, chung) l mt m hnh kinh t hin i mi c a vo hoat ng cch y 10 nm. Ngi nc ngoi n Vit Nam nghin cu m hnh VAC y ni rng: Tuy n khng c hiu qu cao trong vic thc hin qui m sn xut nhng l mt m hnh sn xut ng b mang li li ch kinh t ln li ch v mi trng.T nhng ngy u tin ca qu trnh hot ng, m hnh VAC lun gn cht vai tr ca mnh trong s pht trin ca nn kinh t quc dn. Hin nng ang hng ni, nay VAC c mt trn khp 53 tnh vi hn 10 triu ch h s dng m hnh ny. Trong nhng nm gn y VAC v c pht trin trn hu ht cc vng khp c nc. Vi chc ngn hecta t canh tc cc tnh Trung du v min vn cy n qu m rng t 350,000 n 400,000 hecta

10 5 M hnh VAC c p dng tr thnh ngun cung cp rau qu chnh cho c nc, ng thi cng p ng cho nhu cu xut khu..Theo FAO ( T chc Lng Nng Th Gii) th sn lng rau qu Vit Nam t xp x 4 triu tn mi nm. Sn lng rau qu bnh qun u ngi trn th gii l 65 Ki l, chu -Thi Bnh Dng l 31 kg v Vit nam l 61 kg. Hin nay VAC c mt ngha quan trng trong vic xa i gim ngho i vi cc nc chm pht trin, t chc hot ng ti ch ngn chn suy dinh dng, to dng cc vn cy hay n in trn khu t trng i ni trc, to ra s pht trin mt nn nng nghip lu di v n nh.mc sng ca cc h nng dn thc hin m hnh VAC c ci thin ng k vi mc thu nhp hng nm t hot ng VAC t 60% tng thu nhp. Gi tr sn phm VAC chim 1/3 gi tr tng sn phm v s tng hn na. Mc d m hnh VAC pht trin nhanh nhng n cha c thc hin ng lot thn. Nu tp trung m rng thm canh loi cy trng tren khp c nc, th nam c th t c 8 triu tn mi nm trong vng 10 nm qua, tt c cc vng nng v chuyn mn ha cc sn lng rau qu Vit th k 21.

VAC nn c xem nh l mt chng trnh nng nghip quc gia. Nu VAC c khuyn khch pht huy ht mi tim nng ca n th chc chn s t c hiu qu cao, gp phn vo vic pht trin nc nh v gp phn vo vic bo v mi trng.

10 6

ASSIGNMENT 19:
Translate the following text into English Researchers said on Monday they had conclusive evidence an experimental AIDS treatment using plasma transfusions delays the onset of the disease in HIV positive patients and prolongs the lives of AIDS sufferers. DR. Abraham Karpas of the University of Cambridge's department of haematology said, however, that although Passive Immune Therapy (PIT) was "breakthrough" in treating AIDS and had no known side effects it should not be described as a cure. "It is definitely not a cure. There is no cure in sight, but it looks as if it is the best form of treatment," he said in his presentation to a London conference. Karpas said U.S. and French studies on PIT released at the conference confirmed his original research. "Their double - blind, placebo - controlled studies showed that this treatment benefits AIDS patients and prolonged their sure, survival,'' he stated in a telephone interview. He said the studies, conducted by the Hemacare Corporation of California and two Paris hospitals, also showed that PIT helped to delay the onset of full - blown AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) in people tested positive for HIV, the virus that causes the deadly disease. Under PIT, patients receive a monthly transfusion of half a litre of plasma taken from healthy HIV - positive individuals. The blood has the red and white cells removes and is free of HIV but has high levels of neutralising antibodies that kill the virus. Karpas said he first discovered in 1985 that people with HIV who were otherwise healthy had high levels of these antibodies in their blood while AIDS patients lost these neutralising antibodies and their ability to fight infections. Four patients in Cambridge were the first to receive the treatment and subsequently small scale trials were carried out in London in 1988 and 1989. But Karpras said he has failed to receive funding for his research in Britain and studies had therefore been set up in the US and France. The Hemancare trial studied the effect of PIT on 220 AIDS patients over 3 years. It found that in the first 12 months the mortality rate was greatly reduced in the group who received the plasma transfusion while those in the control group, where no treatment was given, had a death rate of five time higher. The treated group had one death in 21 people while the placebo group had six deaths in 30. Moreover, the number of AIDS - linked infections was far lower in the treated group and the blood donors themselves also appeared to benefit. The researchers said donating blood appeared to stimulate the production of neutralising antibodies in the blood of HIV - positive patients. The French studies produced similar results, Karpas said he said the U.S. and French studies represented the "first conclusive evidence that PIT is an effective AIDS treatment".

10 7

ASSIGNMENT 20:
Translate the following text into English Another day she said she knew a priest who woke one night to find a fellow he didn't recognize leaning over the end of his bed. The priest was a bit frightened -naturally enough but he asked the fellow what he wanted, and the fellow said in a deep, husky voice that he wanted to go to confession. The priest said it was an awkward time and wouldn't it do in the morning, but the fellow said that last time he went to confession, there was one sin he kept back, being ashamed to mention it, and now it was always on his mind. Then the priest knew it was a bad case, because the fellow was after making a bad confession and committing a mortal sin. He got up to dress, and just then the cock crew in the yard outside, and to and behold! When the priest looked round there was no sign of the fellow, only a smell of burning timber, and when the priest looked at his bed didn't he see the print of two hands burned in it! That was because the fellow had made a bad confession. This story made a shocking impression on me. But the worst of all was when she showed us how to examine our conscience. Did we take the name of the Lord, our God, in vain? Did we honour our father and our mother? (I asked her did this include grandmothers and she said it did.) Did we love our neighbours as ourselves? Did we cover our neighbour's goods? (I thought of the way I felt about the penny that Nora got every Friday.) I decided that, between one thing and another, I must have broken the whole ten commandments, all on account of that old woman, and so far as I could see-,, 9-n long ac, he remained in the house, I had no hope of ever doing anything else. I was scared to death of confession. The day the whole class went I let on to have a toothache, hoping my absence wouldn't be noticed; but at three o'clock, just as I was feeling safe, along comes a chap with a message from Mrs. Ryan that I was to go to confession myself on Saturday and be at the chapel for communion with the rest. To make it worse, Mother couldn't come with me and sent Nora instead. Now, that girl had ways of tormenting me that Mother never knew of. She held my hands as we went down the hill, smiling sadly and saying how sorry she was for me, as if she were bringing me to the hospital for an operation. "Oh, God, help us!" she moaned. "Isn't it a terrible pity you weren't a good boy? Oh Jackie, my heart bleeds for you! How will you ever think of all your sins? Don't forget you have to tell him about the time you kicked Gran on the shin." "Let me go!" I said, trying to drag myself free of her, "I don't want to go to confession at all." "But sure, you'll have to go to confession, Jackie," she replied in the same regretful tone. "Sure, if you didn't, the parish priest would be up to the house, looking for you. Isnt God knows, that I'm not sorry for you. Do you remember the time you tried to kill me with the bread knife under the table? And the language you used to me? I don't know what he'll do with you at all, Jackie. He might have to send you up to the bishop." I remember thinking bitterly that she didn't know the half of what I had to tell - if I told it. I knew I couldn't tell it, and understood perfectly why the fellow in Mrs. Ryan's story made a bad confession, it seemed to me a great shame that people wouldn't stop criticizing him. I remember that steep hill down to the church, and the sunlit hillsides beyond the valley of the river, which I saw in the gaps between the houses like Adam's last glimpse of Paradise.

10 8 Then, when she had maneuvered me down the long flight of steps to the chapel yard, Nora suddenly changed her tone. She became the raging malicious devil she really was. "There you are!" she said with a yelp of triumph, hunting me through the church door." And I hope he'll give you the penitential psalins, you dirty little baffler.' I knew then I was lost, given up to eternal justice. The door with the coloured-glass panels swung shut behind me, the sunlight went out and gave place to deep shadow, and the wind whistled outside so that the silence within seemed to crackle like ice under my feet. Nora sat in front of me by

ASSIGNMENT 21:
Translate the following text into Vietnamese 1. Nhn chung sau mt thi gian hot ng tr tr, nn cng nghip dt thu t nhn ca Thnh ph H Ch Minh c khi phc v pht trin mc nht nh k t nm 1991.Tuy nhin s pht trin khng n nh bi v hu ht cng vic ca cc x nghip t nhn u ph thuc vo n t hng ca nc ngoi.Do vy, h khng th kim sot c k hoch sn xut, v gi lao ng cho sn phm may mt b cc i tc nc ngoi qui nh rt thp ( tin cng lao ng nm 1995 ch bng 65%-70% so vi cc nm 1991 v 1992.).Do tnh c th ca ngnh ny, nn lng trung bnh ca cng nhn trong ngnh may-thu ch khong 400.000 ng/thng. Vi s cnh tranh gay gt hin nay, bo him x hi chim n 15% v bo him y t l 2% trong tng s lng m cc doanh nghip phi ng, v nu nh k hoch d kin ca bo him x hi c ph duyt, th gi thnh sn xut s rt cao gy kh khn cho cc nh sn xut Vit Nam trong vieec cnh tranh c hiu qu v chim lnh th trng. gip cc doanh nghip thu-may t nhn sng cn, ng Nam ngh nh nc nn sa i t l ng gp ca cc doanh nghip ngoi quc doanh i vi chnh sch bo him x hi nh sau: - Bo him x hi: 10% i vi doanh nghip v 3% i vi cng nhn - Bo him y t vi cng nhn : 1% i vi doanh nghip v 1% i

Nh nc cng nn ban hnh mt qui nh c lin quan n ngi lao ng c cc doanh nghip tuyn dng v o to buc phi lm vic ti thiu l 2 nm. Cc cng nhn lm vic trong

10 9 cc doanh nghip ngoi quc doanh cn phi c cp th lm vic. Nu mt cng nhn no mun thi vic th phi c doanh nghip c qun ng . Tt c mi thnh vin ca cc cng ty may-thu Thnh ph H Ch Minh u ng thc hin y vic ng gp mt phn lng vo bo him x hi v y t, th theo ng qui nh ca lut lao ng. 2. Cc ch doanh nghip ca cc cng ty ln TP H Ch Minh nu ra nhng kh khn m h phi ng u trong vic cnh tranh gay gt vi cc cng ty nc ngoi, c bit l vi cc cng ty khng l th gii. Ti mt cuc hp bn v : Lm th no khuyn khch u t nc ngoi v m bo sn xut trong nc c t chc ti TP H Ch minh tun qua, cc nh sn xut ca cc cng ty bt git Tico v Lux, M phm P/S, nc gii kht Tribeco, dt Vit Thng, bia Si gn v cng ty gia cm vt nui TP H Ch Minh u thng nht mt kin l cc doanh nghip trong nc khng cn sc trong vic cnh tranh vi cc i tc nc ngoi v h khng c hng chnh sch u i thu nh cc doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi. Ch 1 nm sau khi lnh cm vn ca M c bi b, cc cng ty nc hng u i v vn, chnh sch tip th v cc u i khc theo lut u T Nc Ngoi, nn cc cng ty ny dn dn thm nhp th phn ca cc nahf sn xut trong nc. Cc sn phm khc cng ri vo hon cnh tng t. Bia Si Gn phi cnh tranh quyt lit vi cc cng ty bia lin doanh vi nc ngoi. Cc nh sn xut bt git trong nc, mc d c th p ng nhu cu trong nc n nm 2000, nhng li b cc cng ty khng l nh Procter & Gamble v Unilever dn vo th b. bo v vic sn xut trong nc, cc nh sn xut trong nc ngh vi chnh ph mt s bin php. Th nht, nh nc nn c k hoch pht trin dnh ring cho vic u t nc ngoi v lnh vc kinh doanh v phn b theo vng a l v khng nn khuyn khch u t nc ngoi vo vic sn xut ra cc sn phm m cc doanh nghip trong nc c kh nng sn xut c nh nc gii kht, bt git, giy v thuc l. Th hai, vic cp giy php nn c p dng cho cc cng ty lin gii kht khng l nh Coca-cola, Pep siCola c

11 0 doanh hay cc doanh nghip c 100% vn u t nc ngoi tham gia vo cc d n i hi c nhiu vn, cng ngh cao hay sn xut cc mt hng xut khu. Th ba, l nn c mt o lut chng i vic cnh tranh khng lnh mnh c th dn c quyn kinh doanh, ph gi lm hi ngi tiu dng. Th t nn c chnh sch khuyn khch u t trong nc v cho cc doanh nghip trong nc c hng chnh sch u i thu nh cc nh u t nc ngoi. Th nm, nn pht ng mt chin dch doanh nghip trong nc pht trin. ng vin ngi Vit Nam dng hng ni a, to iu kin cho cc

ASSIGNMENT 22:
Translate the following text into English Poor people often have larger families than middle class and upper class people. And people in underdeveloped countries have more children than people in developed countries. More and more experts in population growth see the strong relationship between family size and economic development. In some areas, government family planning services may not be available to poor people due to geographic location. For example, people in rural areas may live too far away from family planning services. Therefore, they don't receive information about ways to control family size. In general, people in urban areas have much more information available to them than people living in rural areas. Urban people have help with family planning, and they have smaller families. So we can say that geography where people live - plays a part in determining family size: Urban families are smaller than rural families. What are the other reasons? Economic development of families and, on a larger scale, of nations, is an important factor in determining family size. People with a lot of money have fewer children. On the other hand, poor people in underdeveloped countries choose to have many children. Why? Because they have to depend upon their children to take care of them in their old age. They have no insurance, pensions, or government help. When they grow old, where can they get help? The answer is simple. They can and will turn to their children. Their children will be adults then, and they will be working. The children can all share the costs and other responsibilities of taking care of their parents. For many poor people, a large family is a way of planning and preparing for the future. We could say that a large family is insurance for old age in some societies.

ASSIGNMENT 23:
Translate the following text into Vietnamese Hai c quan lng thc ca Lin Hp quc ngy hm qua cho rng Indonesia s i mt vi s thiu ht lng thc trm

11 1 trng trong nm nay. l hu qu ca nhng v ma tht thu v ca cuc khng hong ti chnh lm tng gi nhp khu. Trong mt bn bo co chung, t chc Lng Nng th gii (FAO) v Chng Trnh Lng Thc Th Gii (WFP) cho rng vic gip ca th gii l cn thit gii quyt vic thiu ht go tm thi, ngun lng thc chnh ca t nc. Bn bo co chung ca hai t chc c vn phng t ti Rome th hai t chc FAO v WFP thc gic cc nc ti tr gip Indonesia gii quyt cc vn lin quan n hn hn v khng hong ti chnh. Bn bo co ni thm rng gi lng thc ngy cng tng cao, s ngi tht nghip ngy cng ng lm tng thm s ngi sng di mc ngho i. Mt bn bo co v mt nc ng dn th t trn th gii m nn kinh t b tn ph cho rng : Vo khong 7,5 triu ngi Indonesia ngho kh 15 tnh c th phi sng thiu n trong ma kh. Bn bo co da trn nhng c liu do mt nhm cng tc gm 11 thnh vin ca hai t chc ny. Nhm ny n Indonesia t ngy 9 thng 3 n 1 thng 4 nm 1998. Sn lng nm nay ch c t 47,5 triu tn, thp hn 3,6% so vi nm ngoi. S tt gim ny do mt trong nhng t hn hn nghim trng nht Indonesia trong th k ny gy nn. Bn bo co cn cho bit mc d chnh ph Indonesia d nh nhp khu 1,5 triu tn go t thng 4 n thng 9, nhng nc ny vn cn thiu 2 triu tn na. Khon thiu ht ny s c cng ng quc t gip nhm cu vn nn kinh t ang lm vo cnh khn cng. Bn bo co cho bit thch thc chnh m t nc ny ang i mt l bo m cung cp lng thc cho 7,5 triu ngi ngho i v gi go v cc loi lng thc khc tng 50% trong vng 12 thng qua.

ASSIGNMENT 24:
Translate the following text into Vietnamese Hm th t, Vit Nam tuyn b l s gia nhp Hip Hi cc nc ng Nam , nhm xua i phng on l H Ni mun ln la vic tr thnh hi vin chnh thc cho n khi chun b tt mi iu kin. Vit Nam hin gi ang tch cc chun b mi iu kin cn thit tr thnh hi vin chnh thc ca ASEAN vo nm ti. Ph Th Tng Phan Vn Khi tuyn b nh vy vi cc doanh nhn ti mt ba n tra do Din n Kinh t th gii (WEF) -

11 2 tr s t ti Thy S- t chc. WEF l c quan ng ra duy tr cuc hp ko di 3 ngy y. Ph Th Tng Phan Vn Khi cho bit Vit Nam cng mun tham gia vo Din n Hp Tc Kinh T Chu - Thi Bnh Dng ( APEC) vi 17 thnh vin. khi c iu kin. Ti Jakarta, Th trng ngoi giao Vit Nam V Khoan ni rng nc ng s n xin tr thnh hi vin A SEAN va cui thng ny hay u thng 11. Th trng V Khoan, sau khi gp ng A Jit Singh Tng th k A SEAN- vn phng t ti JaKarta, pht biu rng ng khng mun c mt tr ngi no trong qu trnh gia nhp A SEAN. Thng tn x Antara trch dn li tuyn b ca ng. Cc thnh vin APEC bao gm cc quc gia thuc Indonesia, Malaisia, Phillipine, Xingapore v cc nc M, Canada, Nht v Trung Quc. Mt chnh thc ca cc nh lnh o cc nc tham t chc ti Indonesia vo thng ti. A SEAN- Bruny, Thi Lan- cng cuc hp khng giaAPEC s c

Vit nam t c kt qu l tr thnh quan st vin ASEAN trong cuc hi ngh ca khi ny vo nm 1992, tuyn b l thit tha mong mun tr thnh hi vin chnh thc ca t chc ny, c nhng chng trnh vi nhiu hoi bo v s hp tc, bao gm c vic pht ng khu vc t do mu dch A SEAN trong vng 10 nm. Cc vin chc ASEAN cng hy vng l Vit Nam c l s gia nhp A SEAN trc khi cc nh lnh o ca 6 quc gia thnh vin tham d cuc hp thng nh t chc ti Thi Lan vo thng 12 nm 1995. sn c nhng qui nh v vic hp tc trong khi A SEAN. Mt khi chng ti l hi vin th chng ti s tun theo mi qui nh. Ph Th Tng ni thm rng H Ni s lm vic vi cc nc khc ti ong Nam bo m nn an ninh khu vc. Ph Th tng Phan Vn Khi cho bit chnh ph ca ng s y mnh cc n lc bng nhng vic ci cch hon thin cc iu kin cho s u t nc ngoi qua s hnh thnh mt c cu lut php mi v cc th tc hnh chnh thch hp hn. Ph Th tng ni: Chng ti hiu c l Vit Nam ang i ph vi nhng th thch ln lao ca s cnh tranh kinh t ton cu v nh th chng ti phi c gng tht tch cc gt b i mi nguy c tt hu ng sau cc nc lng ging.

ASSIGNMENT 25:
Translate the following texts into English

11 3 1. The manufacturing sector expanded significantly during the post-World War II reconstruction of the Philippine economy. Government controls on imports promoted the development of light industries that produced consumer goods for the domestic market. In the 1970s the government created four special economic zones designed to stimulate manufacturing for the export market. Industries in these export-processing zones receive incentives to produce traditional exports. The zones have helped to stimulate foreign investment in the Philippine economy, in part because they are exempt from certain taxes and restrictions on foreign ownership of businesses. The success of these zones has led to the creation of other types of special economic zones, such as large industrial estates. Businesses receive tax exemptions and other incentives in these zones. The former U.S. naval base at Subic Bay, for example, is now a huge industrial-commercial zone in Manila. Its modern facilities and duty-free economic zone have attracted new export-focused industries and foreign investment 2. Vietnam has sought to maintain socio-politic stability, develop economic and diplomatic establishment in recent years. The positive legal changes have had a tremendous influence on the production, financial and commercial situations. Vietnam ranked as the worlds secondlargest rice exporter to Thailand because its agriculture responded dramatically to free market. In manufacturing and service activities the rapid growth and change occurred in and around HCM City. Much economic expansion was partially driven by an influx of investment and technology from some 2 million overseas Vietnamese in many different countries worldwide, most of whom had returned to Vietnam for their investment and contacts with their relatives. Only a year after the US embargo was lifted, soft drink giants such as Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola, which have enjoyed superior advantages in capital, marketing policies and preferences under the Foreign Investment Law, have gradually eaten into the market shares of local producers. Other products are also in the same situation. Saigon Beer has to compete fiercely with breweries of foreign Joint-ventures. Local detergent producers, although capable of meeting domestic demand to the year 2005, have driven into the corner by giants such as Procter & Gamble and Unilever. 3. To protect domestic production, local producers have proposed several measures to the Government. First, the State should devise specific development plans for foreign investment in terms of business field and geographical area and should not encourage foreign investment in products which local enterprises can produce such as soft drink, detergent, paper and cigarettes. Second, licenses should be granted only to JVs or foreign-owned enterprises which involve in projects requiring large capital, advanced technology or producing goods for export. Third, a law should be enacted against unfair competition that can lead to monopoly, dumping or price inflation that does not benefit consumers. 4. In Vietnamese the word nuoc carry a double meaning of country and water, a linguistic association recognizable after a journey to the most fertile land in Vietnam- the Mekong Delta. The silt from the Mekong River helps to bring an ample granary representing the whole country source of food as well as the local inhabitants riverside lifestyle. For tourists, the Mekong Delta is one of the most fascinating tourist destinations in South-east Asia. It offers the marvel of the glittering waters coupled with the gaiety of a culture demonstrated by the local lifestyle and commercial activities. The big cities such as Can Tho,

11 4 My Tho and Long Xuyen provide a vantage for the nine provinces of the Mekong Delta while the immense network of rivers and canals is regarded as the great boon second to none in this region. The exciting life in this region is not very similar to that in HCM City. However, it does not suggest any difficulty in reaching the Mekong Delta to escape the excitement of the greatest city in Southern Vietnam. It takes only a three-hour drive( by bus, though) on the National Highway Number 1 to get to My Tho, the capital of Tien giang & an ideal departure point for exploring this delta region.

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