1

I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH

TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN
----------

NG TRUNG HU

PHN TCH NG X V REISSNER MINDLIN
C DM TIMOSHENKO GIA CNG
BNG PHN T MITC4

Khoa: Ton Tin hc
Chuyn ngnh: C hc


LUN VN TT NGHIP I HC

TP. H CH MINH, thng 6 nm 2013
I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH
TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN
KHOA TON-TIN HC
----------
LUN VN TT NGHIP


PHN TCH NG X V REISSNER MINDLIN
C DM TIMOSHENKO GIA CNG
BNG PHN T MITC4

GVHD: TS. NGUYN THI TRUNG
SVTH: NG TRUNG HU
MSSV: 0911044


TP. H CH MINH, thng 6 nm 2013
i

ii

LI CM N

Trong sut thi gian hc tp ti khoa Ton-Tin hc trng i hc Khoa hc T nhin HQG
TP.HCM, em nhn c nhiu kin thc cng nh s dy d qu bu t cc Thy c. Vi lng
knh trng su sc, em xin gi li cm n chn thnh nht n ban gim hiu, cc phng ban cng
ton th cc Thy c, cn b v ang cng tc ti trng.
c bit hn c, em xin gi li cm n n Thy TS. Nguyn Thi Trung. Mc d cng vic
nghin cu cng nh ging dy ca Thy lun bn rn nhng Thy khng qun ngi, Thy
khng nhng tn ty gip em trong sut giai on chuyn ngnh cng nh hng dn em thc
hin lun vn ny m cn truyn t cho em nhng trit l sng cng nh k nng lm vic em
lm hnh trang bc vo cuc sng sau ny.
Em xin gi li cm n n Thy TS. Trnh Anh Ngc, ngoi nhng kin thc chuyn mn,
Thy cn truyn t nhng kinh nghim sng gip em t tin hn trong hc tp cng nh trong
cuc sng hin ti v tng lai.
Em cng xin gi li cm n n Thy ThS. Bi Xun Thng, Thy gn b vi em ngay t
nhng ngy u tin em hc tp ti trng, Thy cng dnh nhiu thi gian gip em trong
qu trnh thc hin lun vn ny.
Ngoi ra, em cng xin gi li cm n n qu thy c trong b mn C hc v khoa Ton-Tin
hc, n cc anh ch v cc bn trong nhm nghin cu Fosat gip em trong qu trnh hc
tp v thc hin lun vn.
Bn cnh , em cng xin gi li cm n n gia nh, lun st cnh v to iu kin em
hc tp v thc hin nhng c m ca bn thn.
D c gng rt nhiu nhng chc chn s khng trnh khi nhng sai st trong lun vn ny.
V vy, em mong nhn c nhng kin ng gp ca qu Thy c lun vn ca em hon
thin hn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n.
TP. H Ch Minh thng 6 nm 2013

ng Trung Hu
iii

MC LC
LI CM N......................................................................................................................... ii
MC LC. ........................................................................................................................ iii
DANH SCH HNH V ............................................................................................................ v
DANH SCH BNG BIU ...................................................................................................... vi
CHNG 1 TNG QUAN.................................................................................................. 1
CHNG 2 L THUYT V DY REISSNER - MINDLIN GIA CNG DM
TIMOSHENKO ......................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 L thuyt tm dy Reissner - Mindlin ................................................................................. 4
2.1.1 Khi nim chung ......................................................................................................... 4
2.1.2 Gi thit tm dy Reissner-Mindlin ............................................................................. 5
2.1.3 Quy c du ................................................................................................................ 5
2.1.4 Trng chuyn v, ng sut, bin dng ca tm ........................................................... 8
2.1.5 Nng lng bin dng n hi ca tm ...................................................................... 10
2.1.6 ng nng ca tm .................................................................................................. 11
2.2 L thuyt v dy Reissner-Mindlin .................................................................................. 13
2.2.1 Chuyn i h ta ................................................................................................. 13
2.2.2 Nng lng bin dng v ng nng ca v............................................................... 15
2.3 L thuyt dm Timoshenko .............................................................................................. 16
2.3.1 Trng chuyn v, ng sut, bin dng ca dm ........................................................ 16
2.3.2 Nng lng bin dng n hi ca dm ..................................................................... 21
2.3.3 ng nng ca dm ................................................................................................... 25
2.4 L thuyt v dy Reissner-Mindlin gia cng bi dm Timoshenko ................................ 27
CHNG 3 PHNG PHP PHN T HU HN CHO BI TON V GIA
CNG DM 29
3.1 Phng php phn t hu hn cho bi ton v ................................................................. 29
3.1.1 Cng thc phn t hu hn ca v trn min t gic bn nt bt k .......................... 29
3.1.2 Cng thc phn t hu hn ca v khi s dng phn t MICT4 ................................ 33
3.2 Phng php phn t hu hn cho bi ton dm ............................................................... 37
iv

3.2.1 Cng thc phn t hu hn ca dm trn phn t mt chiu bt k ........................... 37
3.2.2 Cng thc phn t hu hn ca dm trn phn t ng tham s mt chiu ................ 40
3.3 Phng php phn t hu hn cho bi ton v gia cng dm ......................................... 42
3.4 iu kin bin ................................................................................................................. 47
CHNG 4 V D S ...................................................................................................... 49
4.1 Bi ton tnh hc .......................................................................................................... 49
4.2 Bi ton ng hc ......................................................................................................... 53
CHNG 5 KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN .................................................... 60
5.1 Cc kt qu t c ........................................................................................................ 60
5.2 Hn ch v tn ti ............................................................................................................. 60
5.3 Hng pht trin trong tng lai ...................................................................................... 60
TI LIU THAM KHO ....................................................................................................... 61

v

DANH SCH HNH V

Hnh 1. Kt cu v trong xy dng ............................................................................................... 1
Hnh 2. Ri rc min bi ton thnh cc min con........................................................................ 2
Hnh 3. Phn t v thoi............................................................................................................... 4
Hnh 4. Mt phng trung ha ca tm. ......................................................................................... 5
Hnh 5. Quy c du ca tm. ...................................................................................................... 6
Hnh 6. a) Quy c du trong mt phng Oxz; b) Quy c du trong mt phng Oyz. .................. 7
Hnh 7. Bin dng ca tm. .......................................................................................................... 8
Hnh 8. Chuyn h ta cho phn t t gic [6]....................................................................... 13
Hnh 9. Dm trong h ta a phng Orsz ........................................................................... 17
Hnh 10. Quy c du cho dm. ................................................................................................. 19
Hnh 11. Bin dng ca dm. ..................................................................................................... 20
Hnh 12: i bin dm. .............................................................................................................. 23
Hnh 13. Phn t v gia cng ................................................................................................... 29
Hnh 14. Phn t t gic 4 nt. ................................................................................................... 30
Hnh 15. Phn t gic trong min tham chiu ............................................................................. 33
Hnh 16. Phn t MITC4............................................................................................................ 35
Hnh 17. Phn t dm 2 nt. ....................................................................................................... 38
Hnh 18: Phn t dm trn min tham chiu ............................................................................... 40
Hnh 19. Mt s loi iu kin bin. .......................................................................................... 47
Hnh 20. V hnh tr vi lc tp trung v iu kin bin mng. ................................................. 49
Hnh 21: vng ca v tr khng gia cng dm chu lc tp trung. ...................................... 50
Hnh 22. Tc hi t nghim ca phn t MITC4 cho bi ton v tr chu lc tp trung. ........ 51
Hnh 23. V cu gia cng bi hai dm ng tm. ..................................................................... 51
Hnh 24: vng ca v cu chu lc tp trung c gia cng bi hai dm ng tm. ............ 52
Hnh 25: Tc hi t nghim ca phn t MITC4 cho bi ton v cu chu lc tp trung gia
cng hai dm ng tm. 53
Hnh 26. V tr gia cng 5 dm lch tm. ................................................................................ 54
Hnh 27. Hnh dng tm mode dao ng t nhin ca v tr gia cng nm dm lch tm chu
iu kin bin ngm. .................................................................................................................. 55
Hnh 28: Gi tr tn s ca tm mode dao ng u tin............................................................. 56
Hnh 29. Hnh dng mi mode dao ng t nhin u tin ca v cu gia cng hai dm ng
tm vi iu kin bin ta n. .................................................................................................. 58
Hnh 30. Gi tr mi mode dao ng t nhin u tin. ............................................................ 59

vi

DANH SCH BNG BIU

Bng 1: Kt qu phn tch vng ca v tr khng gia cng dm. ........................................ 50
Bng 2: Kt qu phn tch vng ti tm ca v cu gia cng dm ng tm. ....................... 52
Bng 3: Kt qu phn tch tn s dao ng ca v tr gia cng dm lch tm. ......................... 56
Bng 4: Kt qu phn tch tn s dao ng ca v cu gia cng dm ng tm. ....................... 58
1

CHNG 1 TNG QUAN

Ngy nay, vi s tin b ca nhn loi i hi chng ta phi gii quyt nhng bi ton ngy cng
phc tp hn trong khoa hc, k thut, mt trong s l nhng bi ton lin quan n cc kt cu
v. V l loi kt cu c s dng rng ri trong nhiu ngnh k thut nh c kh ch to my,
xy dng dn dng, ch to tu thuyn, my bay, v.v. Vi tham vng pht trin v vn ln ca
nhn loi i hi nhng cu trc ny phi bn hn, nh hn, chi ph r hn, v.v. Chnh v vy, cc
nh nghin cu cng khng ngng tm ti, ci tin nhng cu trc ny p ng c yu cu,
ph hp vi tng mc ch khc nhau. Mt s loi v thng dng c th k n nh v composite,
v gia cng gn, v c c tnh thay i, v p in, v.v. V composite c c bng cch dn cc
lp v khc nhau li vi nhau hoc trn thm cc si bn trong v. u im ca loi vt liu ny
l c tnh c-l rt tt nh khi lng nh, kh nng chu ti, chu nhit cao, tuy nhin, vic ch
to loi vt liu ny gp rt nhiu kh khn, do dn n chi ph sn xut cao. V gia cng gn,
v bn cht ging nh v composite, tuy nhin, chng c cu trc n gin hn rt nhiu. V gia
cng gn c c bng cch gn thm cc dm lm cng ln b mt ca v. Loi vt liu ny c
nhc im l tnh thm m khng cao, khng nh nh v composite, tuy nhin, do kh nng chu
ti cao, chi ph sn xut thp nn y l mt trong nhng loi vt liu c s dng rng ri nht
hin nay. Do c tnh c-l khc bit nn v c c tnh thay i v v p in ch c s dng
trong mt s ngnh k thut ring bit nh ch to tu v tr, tn la, bng truyn vn ti, v.v.

Hnh 1. Kt cu v trong xy dng
2

Vic phn tch ng x cho kt cu v gia cng, c bit nhng kt cu c hnh hc phc tp
bng phng php gii tch hoc bn gii tch l iu v cng kh khn. Trong thi gian gn y,
cc nh nghin cu p dng nhng phng php s phn tch nhng kt cu ny, ph bin
l phng php phn t hu hn. Khi phn tch kt cu v gia cng, ta coi v v dm l hai kt
cu ring bit, cc nt phn t ca dm trng vi nt phn t ca v, do ta s phn tch c lp
hai kt cu ny v sau cng s s dng iu kin tng thch [ HYPERLINK \l "LXP06" 1 ]
ghp ni chng li vi nhau. C hai loi v gia cng thng c s dng l v mng Kirchhofoff
kt hp dm Euler v v dy Reissner-Mindlin kt hp dm Timoshenko. L thuyt v dy
Reissner-Mindlin c xy dng a trn l thuyt tm dy Reissner-Mindlin.
Qu trnh phn tch ng x v dy Reissner-Mindlin da trn l thuyt tm dy Reissner-
Mindlin c thc hin thng qua phn t ng tham s. Tuy nhin, phn t ng tham s gp
phi hin tng kha ct (shear locking) khi b dy tm tin v khng, ng thi, kt qu bi ton
thay i kh nhiu khi s lng mt li thay i. Nguyn nhn do nghim bi ton c xp x
thng qua phn t tuyn tnh bc thp. khc phc hin tng ny, c nhiu phng php
c xut nhng n gin hn c l phng php ni suy cc thnh phn chu ko (MITC) 2] [
HYPERLINK \l "DCh00" 3 ].

Hnh 2. Ri rc min bi ton thnh cc min con.
3

Trong ti ny, phng php Phn t hu hn c p dng phn tch bi ton v dy
Reissner- Mindlin c gia cng bi dm Timoshenko. phn tch nhng bi ton v, chng
ta c th s dng 3 l thuyt ring bit: l thuyt v thoi, l thuyt v cong v l thuyt v suy
bin, trong l thuyt v thoi c s dng ph bin bi rt nhiu nhng u im nh d dng
trong vic xy dng cng thc, hiu qu trong qu trnh tnh ton v trong lp trnh, linh hot trong
vic p dng cho c bi ton tm v v, chi ph tnh ton thp.
L thuyt v thoi tha nhn rng, phn t v thoi l s kt hp gia phn t tm chu un v
phn t mng tng ng.
Lun vn gm nm chng. Chng 1 gii thiu tng quan v cu trc v, v gia cng v
phng php phn t hu hn. Chng 2 trnh by l thuyt v Reissner-Mindlin c pht trin
t l thuyt tm Reissner-Mindlin, l thuyt dm Timoshenko v l thuyt v Reissner-Mindlin
gia cng bi dm Timoshenko. Chng 3 trnh by phng php phn t hu hn cho v gia
cng. V s dng phn t MITC4. Dm s dng phn t mt chiu hai nt. Chng 4 trnh by
kt phn tch tnh hc v ng hc ca mt s bi ton v v v gia cng. Chng 5 trnh by
nhng kt qu t v nhng hn ch cn tn ti trong lun vn, ng thi a ra hng pht
trin trong tng lai.
4

CHNG 2 L THUYT V DY REISSNER -
MINDLIN GIA CNG DM TIMOSHENKO

2.1 L thuyt tm dy Reissner - Mindlin
Nh trnh by trn, phn t v thoi c to thnh t s kt hp gia phn t tm chu un
vi phn t mng.

Hnh 3. Phn t v thoi.
Nh vy, l thuyt v thoi Reissner-Mindlin c pht trin da trn l thuyt tm Reissner-
Mindlin.
2.1.1 Khi nim chung
Tm l nhng cu trc hnh lng tr ng, c kch thc mt phng nh hn rt nhiu so
vi cc phng cn li, kch thc c gi l chiu dy ca tm. Mt phng qu tch cch
u hai mt ca tm c gi l mt phng trung ha ca tm.
5


Hnh 4. Mt phng trung ha ca tm.
Cn c vo t l gia kch thc dy v kch thc cnh xung quanh ca tm, ngi ta phn
ra tm dy v tm mng. Nu 1 5 >
min
t l th c gi l tm dy vi l thuyt tm Reissner-
Mindlin. Khi 1 80 1 5 t l s s
min
/ th c gi l tm mng vi l thuyt tm c din Kirchhoff [4],
trong , t l dy ca tm,
min
l l kch thc cnh nh nht ca tm.
2.1.2 Gi thit tm dy Reissner-Mindlin
L thuyt tm Reissner-Mindlin tha nhn rng [5]
(1) Cc on thng vung gc vi mt phng trung ha ca tm trc khi bin dng vn cn
thng nhng khng nht thit cn vung gc vi mt phng trung ha sau bin dng.
(2) Cc on thng vung gc vi mt phng trung ho ca tm c di khng i trc v
sau bin dng.
(3) B qua s tng tc gia cc lp song song vi mt phng trung ha.
Nh vy, ng x ca tm c phn tch thng qua mt phng trung ha ca tm.
2.1.3 Quy c du
Xt mt phn t tm trong h ta Oxy vi th tch V. Mt phng trung ha ca tm nm trn
mt phng Oxy v chu ti vung gc vi b mt, hng xung di. trc Oz hng ln trn. Di
tc dng ca lc ti trn b mt, phn t tm b bin dng. Chiu dng ca gc xoay v chuyn
v c quy c theo hnh v sau y.
6


Hnh 5. Quy c du ca tm.
Cc thnh phn
0 0
, u v l chuyn v trong mt phng phng trung ho ca tm,
0
w l vng,
| | ,
x y
l gc xoay ln lt quanh trc Oy, Ox.
Nh vy, theo l thuyt tm Reissner-Mindlin, trng chuyn v ca mi phn t tm trong h
ta Oxyz c m t y bi nm thnh phn ca vc-t sau

( )
0 0 0
| | ( =

T
e
p x y
u v w u . (2.1.1)
Tuy nhin, d dng hn trong vic thnh lp cng thc ta thm thnh phn |
z
vo trng
chuyn v ca tm, |
z
c xem nh l gc xoay quanh trc Oz. Nh vy, trng chuyn v ca
mi phn t tm c m t bi su thnh phn vc-t l

( )
0 0 0
| | | ( =

.
T
e
p x y z
u v w u (2.1.2)
Theo nhng gi thit c cp trong mc (2.1.2), ta c mi lin h gia cc thnh phn
chuyn v v bin dng nh sau.
Theo Hnh 6 a), sau khi bin dng, gc xoay |
x
quanh trc Oy l tng ca gc xoay do bin
dng un
0
c
c
w
x
v gc xoay do bin dng ct
xz
.
7



a) b)
Hnh 6. a) Quy c du trong mt phng Oxz; b) Quy c du trong mt phng Oyz.
Bi v thnh phn vng
0
w tng dn theo chiu tng ca trc ta Ox, do

( ) ( )
0 0 0
0

+ c
= >
c
lim
x
w x x w x w
x x
, (2.1.3)
v vy, ta c c gc xoay do bin dng ct quanh trc Oy l

0
|
c
=
c
xz x
w
x
. (2.1.4)
Theo Hnh 6 b), sau khi bin dng, gc xoay |
y
quanh trc Ox l tng ca gc xoay do bin
dng un
0
c
c
w
y
v gc xoay do bin dng ct
yz
.
Bi v thnh phn vng
0
w tng dn theo chiu tng ca trc ta Oy, do

( ) ( )
0 0 0
0

+ c
= >
c
lim
y
w y y w y w
y y
, (2.1.5)
v vy, ta c c gc xoay do bin dng ct quanh trc Ox l

0
|
c
=
c
yz y
w
y
. (2.1.6)
8

2.1.4 Trng chuyn v, ng sut, bin dng ca tm
Theo gi thit (2) trong mc (2.1.2), chiu dy ca tm khng thay i sau khi bin dng nn ta
c 0 c
c
= =
c
.
z
w
z


Hnh 7. Bin dng ca tm.
Di tc dng ca lc ti c phng vung gc vi mt ca phn t tm, chiu hung xung
di, tm b bin dng nh Hnh 7. T ta c chuyn v theo ba phng ca mi phn t tm l

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
0
0
0
|
|

= +

= +

, , ,
, , ,
, .
x
y
u u x y z x y
v v x y z x y
w w x y
(2.1.7)
Theo quan h chuyn v - bin dng, trng bin dng ca tm c biu din nh sau


0
0
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
|
c
|
c
c

|
| |

|
c
c
c
c
(
c
c (

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
+ + (
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

(
c c
(
(
= =
(
c
c c c
c
(
+
+
c
( c c
(
(


c c
c

(

c
.
x
x
y
y
z
xy
y
x x
xz
yz
y
u
x
x
v
y y
w
u v
x
y x
w
z
y x
y
(2.1.8)
9

Khi bin dng mng, bin dng un, bin dng ct ca tm ln lt l

( )
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
e
m m p
x
y
z
u
u
v
x x
w
v
y y
u v
y x y x
|
|
|
(
( (
c c
(
( (
c c (
( (
(
( ( c c
= = = (
( (
c c
(
( (
(
( (
c c c c
( +
( (
c c c c
(

L u , (2.1.9)

( )
0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
x
y e
b b p
x
y
y
x
z
u
v
x
x
w
z z
y y
y x
y x
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( (
( c
c
( (
(
c
c ( (
(
( ( c
( c
= = = ( (
(
c c
( (
(
( (
(
c c c
c
( (
+ (
c c
c c ( (

L u , (2.1.10)

( )
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 1 0
x
xz e
s s p
x yz
y
y
z
u
v
w
w
x x
w
y y
|

|
|
|
|
(
(
c c ( (
(
+
( (
(
(
c c
( ( = = = = (
(
c c
( (
(

+
( (
(
c c

(
(

L u . (2.1.11)
Theo nh lut Hooke cho bi ton ng sut phng ta c

( )
1 v v
c o o o
+
= .
ij ij kk ij
E E
(2.1.12)
T cng thc (2.1.8) v cng thc (2.1.12) ta c mi lin h gia bin dng v ng sut
ca tm l
10


( )
( )
( )
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
1
0 0 0 2 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 2 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 2 1
c o
v
c o
v
c o
t v
v
t
v
t
( (
(
( (
(

( (
(
( (
(
( (
=
(
+
( (
(
( (
(
+
( (
(
+ ( (
(


,
xx xx
yy yy
zz zz
xy xy
xz xz
yz yz
E
(2.1.13)
ta tnh c cc thnh phn ng sut ca tm nh sau

2
0
0
0 0
1 0
1 0
1
1
0 0
2
v
v
v
v
c
c
c
c
c c
+
c
(
( (
( (
( (
=
( (

( (

( (

(

c
,
m
u
x
v
y
E
y
u v
x
(2.1.14)

2
1 0
1 0
1
1
0 0
2
v
|
v
v
|
v
|
|
c
c
c
c
c
c
+
c
(
(

c
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(

(
(

(
(
(
(

,
x
b
y
y
x
x
y
y
Ez
x
(2.1.15)

( )
0
0
1 0
2 1 0 1
.
x
x
s
y
z
yz
w
x
w
y
E
t
t
v
|
|
(
(
(
(
(
+
(

(

(
c
= =
(
c

c
(2.1.16)
y, cc thnh phn ng sut , ,
m b s
ln lt ng vi cc thnh phn bin dng mng,
bin dng un v bin dng ct ca tm.
2.1.5 Nng lng bin dng n hi ca tm
T cng thc (2.1.9) - (2.1.16), ta c nng lng bin dng trn mi phn t tm l

( )
( )
1
d
2
=
}
,
T
p p
i i
V
e
p
U V (2.1.17)
11


( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1
d
2
T T T e
p m m b b s s
V
U V
(

= + +

}
. (2.1.18)
Ly tch phn trn b dy ca tm, ta c

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1
d
2
=

+
(

+
}
,
T
T T e e e
p p m m m b b b s s s p
T
A
U A u L D L L D L L D L u (2.1.19)
vi A l din tch b mt ca phn t, , ,
m b s
D D D xc nh bi

2
1 0
1 0
1
1
0 0
2
v
v
v
v
(
(
(
(
(
(

=

,
m
Et
D (2.1.20)

3
2
1 0
1 0
12 1
1
0 0
2
v
v
v
v
(
(
(
(
(
(

=

,
( )
b
Et
D (2.1.21)

1 0
2 1 0 1 v
(
=
(
+

,
( )
s
Ekt
D (2.1.22)
trong t l chiu dy ca tm, E l m-un n hi v l h s poisson v k l h s iu chnh
bin dng ct v thng c gi tr bng 5/6.
Cng ca ngoi lc tc dng ln mi phn t tm l

( ) ( )
d =
}
,
e e
p p
A
W A pu (2.1.23)
vi p l vc-t lc tc dng ln tm.
2.1.6 ng nng ca tm
ng nng ca mi phn t tm c tnh theo cng thc
12


( )
2 1
d
2
=
}
,
e
p
V
T m V v (2.1.24)
trong , m l khi lng ca mi phn t tm v v l o hm theo thi gian ca chuyn v

| | = .
T
u v w v (2.1.25)
Thay cng thc (2.1.25) vo cng thc (2.1.24) ta tnh c ng nng ca mi phn t tm
nh sau

( )
| |
1
d
2
,
V
e
p
u
T u v w v V
w

(
(
=
(
(

}
(2.1.26)

( )
( )
2 2 2
1
d
2
= + +
}
,
e
p
V
T u v w V (2.1.27)

( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2
0 0 0 0 0
2 2 d | | | |
(
= + + + + + +
(

}
,
x y
e
p x y
V
T u z zu v z zv w V (2.1.28)
Ly tch phn theo chiu dy ca tm, ta thu c

( )
( ) ( )
3
2 2 2 2 2
0 0 0
d
12
| |
(
= + + + +
(

}
,
e
p x y
A
t
T u v w t A (2.1.29)
vit di dng ma trn ta c

( ) ( )
( )
( )
1
d
2
=
}
,
T
e e e
p p p p
A
T A u m u (2.1.30)
trong vc-t
( ) e
p
u v ma trn khi lng
p
m c xc nh nh sau

( )
0 0 0
| | | ( =

,
T
x y z
e
p
u v w u (2.1.31)
13


3
3
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 12 0 0
0 0 0 0 12 0
0 0 0 0 0 0

(
(
(
(
( =
(
(
(
(

,
/
/
p
t
t
t
t
t
m (2.1.32)
v
0 0 0
| | | , , , , ,
x y z
u v w l cc o hm theo thi gian ca cc chuyn v, l mt khi ca
vt liu.
2.2 L thuyt v dy Reissner-Mindlin
2.2.1 Chuyn i h ta
V l mt cu trc ba chiu, xc nh trong mt h ta bt k. Khng mt tnh tng qut, ta gi
s rng, phn t v ang xt c xc nh bt k trong h ta ton cc OXYZ. Tuy nhin, nh
trnh by trong phn (2.1), v c xy dng thng qua phn t tm, xc nh hon ton trn mt
phng Oxy trong h ta a phng Oxyz. Do , phn tch ng x ca v, ta cn xy dng
c ma trn chuyn i gia h ta ton cc OXYZ v h ta a phng Oxyz.
Xt phn t t gic phng bt k O
e
trong h ta ton cc OXYZ nh Hnh 8

Hnh 8. Chuyn h ta cho phn t t gic [6].
14

S th t cc nh ca phn t t gic c nh s ngc chiu kim ng h. Cc im , , , i j k l
ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh 4-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4.
Gi s rng, trc Ox ca h ta a phng song song vi vc-t i qua hai im , i k . Ta
c vc-t i qua hai im , i k l



=
`

)
.
k i
x k i
k i
x x
y y
z z
V (2.2.1)
Tng t ta c vc-t i qua hai im , j l l




=
`

)
.
l j
r l j
l j
x x
y y
z z
V (2.2.2)
Gi
z
V l vc-t cng phng vi trc Oz,
z
V c c bng cch ly tch c hng ca hai
vc-t
x
V v
r
V
= .
z x r
V V V (2.2.3)
Vc-t
y
V cng phng vi trc Oy, c c bng cch ly tch c hng ca hai vc-t
z
V
v
x
V ,
.
y z x
= V V V (2.2.4)
Cc vc-t n v , ,
x y z
ca cc trc ta Ox, Oy, Oz c c bng cch chun ha cc
vc-t , ,
x y z
V V V

1 1 1
= = = ; ; ,
x x y y z z
x y z
l l l
V V V (2.2.5)
trong , ,
x y z
l l l l di cc vc-t , ,
x y z
V V V .
15

Theo lut chuyn h ta , ta c ma trn chuyn t h ta OXYZ sang h ta Oxyz l

3 3
( =

,
x y z
(2.2.6)
Nh vy, mi lin h gia h ta a phng Oxyz v h ta ton cc OXYZ l
| | | |
= .
T
xyz XYZ (2.2.7)
Gi
( )
| | | ( =

T
e
s s s s sx sy sz
u v w u l trng chuyn v ca mi phn t v trong h
ta ton cc OXYZ, ta c mi lin h gia trng chuyn v ca v trong h ta a phng
v h ta ton cc nh sau

0
0
0
0
0
| |
| |
| |
( (
( (
( (
( ( (
= ( ( (
( ( (

( (
( (
( (

,
s
s
T
s
T
sx x
sy y
sz z
u u
v v
w w

(2.2.8)
t
0
0
(
=
(
(

,
T
T

cng thc (2.2.8) tr thnh

( ) ( )
,
e e
p s
u =Tu (2.2.9)
Vi c tnh theo cng thc (2.2.6).
2.2.2 Nng lng bin dng v ng nng ca v
T cng thc (2.1.19), (2.1.23), (2.1.30) v (2.2.9), ta c nng lng bin dng, cng ngai lc v
ng nng trn mi phn t trong h ta ton cc OXYZ ln lt l

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1
d
2
(
=

+

+
}
,
T
T T e e e T
s s m m m b b b s s s
T
s
A
U A u T L D L L D L L D L Tu (2.2.10)
16


( ) ( )
d =
}
,
e e
s s
A
W A pTu (2.2.11)

( ) ( )
( )
( )
1
d
2
=
}
.
e e e T
s s s
T
p
A
T A u T T u m (2.2.12)
2.3 L thuyt dm Timoshenko
Dm l vt th lng tr hoc hnh tr c chiu di l ln hn rt nhiu so vi kch thc ca hai
phng cn li. ng thng dc theo chiu di ca dm c gi l trc dm.
Theo l thuyt dm Timoshenko (Timoshenko beam theory - TBT) cc on thng vung gc
vi trc dm trc v sau khi bin dng s vn l thng nhng khng cn vung gc vi trc dm
khi bin dng nhng di ca chng khng i [5].
2.3.1 Trng chuyn v, ng sut, bin dng ca dm
Xt mt phn t dm bt k nm trong h ta ton cc OXYZ nh Hnh 9, trng chuyn v ca
mi phn t dm c cho bi
| | | ( =

u
T
b b b b bx by bz
u v w (2.3.1)
Trong h ta Oxyz Trng chuyn v ca mi phn t dm c m t bi cc thnh phn
ca vc-t nh sau

0 0 0
| | | ( =

u .
T
p
b x y z
u v w (2.3.2)
T cng thc (2.2.9), ta c mi lin h gia trng chuyn v ca dm trong hai h ta nh
sau
= .
p
b b
u Tu (2.3.3)
Gi s rng, trc dm to vi trc Ox gco . Khi ta gn vo mi phn t dm mt h ta
a phng Orsz nh Hnh 9, trng chuyn v ca mi phn t dm trong h ta a phng
Orsz l
17


| |
0
| | | = .
T
b r s z r s z
u u u u (2.3.4)


Hnh 9. Dm trong h ta a phng Orsz
Gi im P bt k nh hnh v. Trong h ta Ors, imP c ta
( )
0
,
o
P r s vi
0 0
, r s l
cc i lng bit, ta c
0
= PD s v
0
= OD r . Trong h ta Oxy, im P c ta
( )
0 0
, P x y
vi
0 0
, x y l cc i lng cha bit. ta s i tm mi lin h gia hai h ta Oxy v Ors
p dng t s lng gic ln lt trong cc tam gic vung PDF v FDC ta c

0
o = . tan DF s , (2.3.5)

0
0
o
o o
o
=
=
=
cos ,
tan cos ,
sin .
FC DF
s
s
(2.3.6)
p dng t s lng gic trong cc tam gic vung ODB ta c

0
o
o
=
=
cos ,
cos .
OB OD
r
(2.3.7)
T cng thc (2.3.6), (2.3.7) ta c

0 0
o o
=
=
=
,
,
cos sin .
OA OB AB
OB FC
r s
(2.3.8)
18

Nh vy ta c

0 0 0
o o = = cos sin . x OA r s (2.3.9)
p dng t s lng gic cho tam gic vung OMH ta c

0
o o
= = .
cos cos
s OM
OH (2.3.10)
p dng t s lng gic cho tam gic vung PNH ta c

( )
0 0
o o o o o = = = tan tan tan cos sin NH NP OA r s . (2.3.11)
T (2.3.10), (2.3.11) ta c

( )
0
0 0
2
0 0 0
2
0 0
0 0
o o o
o
o o o
o
o o o
o
o o
= + = +
+
=
+
=
= +
tan cos sin ,
cos
cos sin sin
,
cos
cos cos sin
,
cos
sin cos .
s
ON OH HN r s
s r s
s r
r s
(2.3.12)
Nh vy ta c

0 0 0
o o = + sin cos . y r s (2.3.13)
T cng thc (2.3.9), (2.3.13) ta c lut chuyn i gia hai h ta l

0 0
0 0
o o
o o
( ( (
=
( ( (

cos sin
,
sin cos
x r
y s
(2.3.14)

0 0
0 0
o o
o o
( ( (
=
( ( (

cos sin
.
sin cos
r x
s y
(2.3.15)
19


0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
0
0 0 1
o o
o o
( ( ( (
( ( ( (
= =
( ( ( (
( ( ( (

cos sin
sin cos .
r x x
s y y
w w w
Q (2.3.16)
T cng thc (2.3.16), ta c mi lin h gia trng chuyn v ca mi phn t dm trong h
ta a phng Orsz v h ta Oxyz l

0
0
0
cos 0 0 0 0
cos 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 cos 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
o o
o o
|
| o o
|
| o o
|
|
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

(
(
(
(
= (
(
(
(
(
(

(
(
(


(
(

sin
sin
.
cos sin
sin
r
s
z
x
r
y
s
z
z
u
u
v
u
w
u
(2.3.17)
Thay cng thc (2.3.2) v cng thc (2.3.4) vo cng thc (2.3.17) ta c

0
0
0
0
(
= =
(

.
p p
b b b
Q
u u T u
Q
(2.3.18)
Di tc dng ca lc ti tc dng trn b mt dm, dm b bin dng. Chiu dng ca chuyn
v v gc xoay ca dm c th hin trong Hnh 10.

Hnh 10. Quy c du cho dm.
20

p dng l thuyt dm Timoshenko, xt trong mt phng Osz , sau khi chu lc ti, dm b
vng xung theo phng Oz vi vng
z
u v dch chuyn theo phng Os mt khong
s
u .
ng thi, dm v xoay thm gc |
s
quanh trcOr . Ngoi ra, dy ca dm khng thay i sau
khi bin dng. Do ta c chuyn v theo phng Os v Oz ca mi phn t dm ln lt l

( ) ( ) | = + ,
s s
v u r z r (2.3.19)

( ) ( ) | = .
z s
w u r s r (2.3.20)

Hnh 11. Bin dng ca dm.
Trong mt phng Orz , theo phng Or sau khi chu lc ti, dm b bin dng mt khong
| +
r r
u z so vi ban u. Kt hp vi (2.3.19), (2.3.20) ta c chuyn v theo ba phng ca dm
mi phn t dm l

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
|
|
|
= +

= +

,
,
.
r r
s s
z s
u u r z r
v u r z r
w u r s r
(2.3.21)
Theo quan h chuyn v - bin dng, trng bin dng ca dm c biu din nh sau
21


0
0
0
|
c
c
c
|

|
|

c (
(
c
c c
(
+
c
(
c c
(
(
c
(
(
c
(
(
(
( c
= = =
( c c
(
c c +
(
( +
c c
(
c c
(
c c
(
(
c c +
(

+

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

(
c c
c c
(
( c c
+
(
c c
(

.
r r
r
s
z b
s s
rs
rz
s z
r
sz
u
r
u
z
v
r r
s
w
z
u
u v z
r r
s r
u
u w s
r r
z r
v w
z s
(2.3.22)
Theo cng thc nh lut Hooke, trng ng sut ca dm c biu din nh sau

0
0
0
|
o c
o c
o c
|
t
t
|
t |
( c c | |
+
( |
c c
\ .
(
( (
(
( (
(
( (
(
( (
(
= = =
c c ( (
+ (
( (
c c
(
( (
| |
|
\ .
(
( (
c c
(
+
( (

c
| |
|
\ .
c (
(

.
r r
r r
s s
z z b
s s
rs rs
rz rz
s z
sz sz r
u
E z
r
G
r
E
E
E
u
z G
r r
G
u
G s
r r
G
(2.3.23)
2.3.2 Nng lng bin dng n hi ca dm
Nng lng bin dng n hi ca mi phn t dm trong h ta Orsz c cho bi cng thc
sau

( )
0
1
d
2
=
}
,
T
b b
b
V
U V (2.3.24)
T cng thc (2.3.22) v cng thc (2.3.23) ta c

( )
2 2 0 2
d c = + +
}
,
r rs
V
rz b
U G E V G (2.3.25)
22


2 2 2
0 0 0
1
d
2
| | |
|
(
c c c c c c | | | | | |
= + + + (
| | |
c c c c c c
\ . \
+
. \ . (

}
,
s s r
b r
V
u v w
U E z G z G s V
r r r r r r
(2.3.26)

2 2
0
2 2
2 2
1
2 d
2
1
2 d
2
1
2 d
2
| |
| |
| |
| |
(
c c c c | | | |
= + + (
| |
c c c c
\ . \ . (

(
c c c c | | | |
+ + + (
| |
c c c c
\ . \ . (

(
c c c c | | | | | |
+ + + (
| | |
c c c c
\ . \ . \ . (

}
}
}
,
r r r r
b
V
s s s s
V
s s z z
r r
V
u u
U E z z V
r r r r
u u
G z z V
r r r r
u u
G s s V
r r r r
(2.3.27)
trong V l th tch ca mi phn t dm. Ly tch phn theo din tch thit din ca dm,
cng thc (2.3.27) tr thnh

2 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
0
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
| |
| |
| |
| |
(
c c c c | | | |
= + + (
| |
c c c c
\ . \ . (

(
c c c c | | | |
+ + + (
| |
c c c c
\ . \ . (

c c c c | | | | | |
+ + +
| | |
c c c c
\ . \ . \ .
} } }
} } }
}


r r r r
L A A
s s s s
L A A
s s z z
r r
b
A A
u u
U E A zdA z dA dr
r r r r
u u
G A zdA z dA dr
r r r r
u u
G A sdA s dA
r r r r
(
(
(

} }
.
L
dr
(2.3.28)
vi L l chiu di ca mi phn t dm. V 0 =
}
A
sdA nn

2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2
0
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
| |
| |
|
|
(
c c c c | | | |
= + + (
| |
c c c c
\ . \ . (

(
c c c c | | | |
+ + + (
| |
c c c c
\ . \ . (

(
c c | | | |
+ + (
| |
c c
\ . \ . (

} } }
} } }
} }
.


.
b
A
r r r r
L A
s s s s
L
s
L A
A A
z
r
u u
U E A zdA z dA dr
r r r r
u u
G A zdA z dA dr
r r r r
u
G A s dA dr
r r
(2.3.29)
tnh
2
d d
} }
;
A A
z A z A ta p dng cng thc i bin cho dm nh hnh v sau
23


Hnh 12: i bin dm.
t = ' z z e vi e l khong cch gia mt phng trung ha tm v trc dm ta c d 0 =
}
'
A
z A
do ta tnh c
2
d d
} }
;
A A
z A z A nh sau

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
d d d 2 d d
d d d d
= + = + + = +
= + = + =
} } } } }
} } } }
' ' ' ' ,
' ' .
A A A A A
A A A A
z A z e A z A e z A e A z A e A
z A z e A z A e A eA
(2.3.30)
n gin hn trong vic thit lp cng thc, ta t

( )
2
2
d
d
=
=
}
}
' ,
,
s
A
z
A
I z A
I s A
(2.3.31)
khi , thay cng thc (2.3.31) vo cng thc (2.3.29) ta c

( )
( )
2 2
2
2 2
2
2 2
0
1
2 d
2
1
2 d
2
1
d
2
| |
| |
|
|
(
c c c c | | | |
= + + + (
| |
c c c c
\ . \ . (

(
c c c c | | | |
+ + + + (
| |
c c c c
\ . \ . (

(
c c | | | |
+ + (
| |
c c
\ . \ . (

}
}
}
,
r r r r
s
r
s s s s
s
r
s z
r z
r
b
u u
U E A I e A eA r
r r r r
u u
G A I e A eA r
r r r r
u
G A I r
r r
(2.3.32)
24


2 2
2
0
2
2 2
1 1
d d
2 2
1 1
d d
2 2
1 1
d d
2 2
| |
| |
|
|
c c c | | | |
= + +
| |
c c c
\ . \ .
c c c | | | |
+ + +
| |
c c c
\ . \ .
c c | | | |
+ +
| |
c c
\ . \ .
} }
} }
} }


,
r r r
s
r r
s s s
s
r r
s z
r z
r
b
r
u
U EA e r EI r
r r r
u
GA e r GI r
r r r
u
GA r GI r
r r
(2.3.33)

( )
2 2
0
2 2
2
1 1
d d
2 2
1 1
d d
2 2
1
d
2
| |
| |
|
c c c | | | |
= + +
| |
c c c
\ . \ .
c c c | | | |
+ + + +
| |
c c c
\ . \ .
c | |
+
|
c
\ .
} }
} }
}


.
r r r
s
r r
s s s
s z
r r
r
r
b
z
u
U EA e r EI r
r r r
u
GA e r G I I r
r r r
u
GA r
r
(2.3.34)
Cch khc, vit di dng ma trn, ta c

( )
0
1
d
2
=
}
,
T
b
b
b b
r
U r D (2.3.35)
trong cc thnh phn c ,
b b
D xc nh nh sau

0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
c c c c (
+
(
c c c c
(
c c
(
(
c c
(
c c c
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(

c
(
= = +
(
c c c c
(
c c
(

c c (
(

(
c c
(
c c
(
(
(
(
(

(

(

,
r r
r
r
s
z
s s
r
z
b
s
r
z
s
b
e
u
e
r r r r
u
u
r r
u
u
e
r r r r
u
r r
r r
e
b
L u (2.3.36)
25



( )
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
+

.
s
b
s z
EA
EI
GA
GA
G I I
D (2.3.37)
Thay cng thc (2.3.36) vo cng thc (2.3.35) ta thu c phng trnh nng lng bin
dng n hi ca mi phn t dm trong h ta Orsz l

( ) ( )
0 0 0
1
d
2
=
}
,
T T
b b b
b b
r
b
U r u L D L u (2.3.38)
T cc cng thc (2.2.9), (2.3.18), (2.3.38) ta tnh c nng lng bin dng ca mi phn t
dm trong h ta ton cc OXYZ l
( )
( )
1
d
2
=
}
.
T
T
T T b b b
b b b
l
U l u T Q L D L QTu (2.3.39)
2.3.3 ng nng ca dm
Ta c cng thc tnh ng nng ca mi phn t dm l

2 1
d
2
=
}
,
b
V
T m V v (2.3.40)
trong , m l khi lng ca mi phn t dm v v l o hm theo thi gian ca cc chuyn v

| |
= . u v w v (2.3.41)
T cng thc (2.3.21), (2.3.40), (2.3.41) ta c ng nng ca mi phn t dm trong h ta
Orsz l

| |
0
1
d
2

(
(
=
(
(

}
,
b
V
u
T u v w v V
w
(2.3.42)
26


( )
0 2 2 2
1
d
2
= + +
}
.
b
V
T u v w V (2.3.43)
Thay cng thc (2.3.21) vo cng thc (2.3.43) ta c

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2 0
2 2 2 d | | | | | | + + + + + + + +
(
=

}
,
r r r r s s s s z s z s b
V
u z zu u z zu u s su T V (2.3.44)

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 0
2 2 d | | | | | | = + + + + + + + +
(

}
.
r s z r s r r s s s z s
V
b
T u u u z z u u s su V (2.3.45)
p dng (2.3.30), (2.3.31) vo (2.3.45) ta c

( ) ( )( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0
2 d | | | | | = + + + + + + + +
(

}
,
r s z r s r r s s s
l
s z b
T A u u u e A I I eA u u l (2.3.46)

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0
2 2 d | | | | | |
+
= + + + + + + + +
| |
|
\ .
}
,
s z
r r r r s s s s z s r
l
s
b
T A u eu e u eu e
A
I
A
I I
u l (2.3.47)
vit di dng ma trn ta c

( )
0 0 0
1
d
2
=
}
,
T
b b b b
l
T l u m u (2.3.48)
trong vc-t
0
b
u v ma trn khi lng
b
m c xc nh nh sau

0
| | | ( =

,
T
b r s z r s z
u u u u (2.3.49)

2
2
1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0

(
(
(
(
(
( =
+
(
(
+
(
+
(
(

,
s
b
s z
e
e
I
A
e e
A
I I
e e
A
m (2.3.50)
27

v cc thnh phn
r s z r s z
u u u | | | , , , , , l cc o hm theo thi gian ca cc chuyn v, l mt
khi ca vt liu.
Thay cng thc (2.2.9), (2.3.18) vo cng thc (2.3.48) ta tnh c ng nng ca mi phn
t dm trong h ta ton cc OXYZ l

( )
( )d =
}
,
T T T
b b b b
l
T l u T Q m Q Tu (2.3.51)
trong | | | ( =

.
T
b b b b bx by bz
u v w u
2.4 L thuyt v dy Reissner-Mindlin gia cng bi dm Timoshenko
Trong lun vn ny, v gia cng dm l v ng hng, c gn cht thm cc dm, nh ,
v s cng hn di tc dng ca lc ti. Gi thit ca m hnh v gia cng dm nh sau [1]
1) V v dm c tch ri khi phn tch ng x.
2) iu kin tng thch chuyn v: v v dm c hn cht vo nhau, do , chuyn v v
gc xoay ca v v dm ti cc v tr ghp ni l bng nhau.
3) Theo nguyn l chng chp nng lng, nng lng ca v c cc dm gia cng bng tng
nng lng ca v v cc dm.
Do , nng lng bin dng v ng nng ca v c gia cng dm l

( ) ( )
= +

,
b
e e
s b
N
U U U (2.4.1)

( )
= +

.
b
e e
s b
N
T T T (2.4.2)
vi
b
N l tng s dm gia cng trn mi phn t v.
Cng ngoi lc tc dng ln mi phn t v gia cng chnh l cng tc dng ln mi phn t
v v xc nh bi cng thc (2.2.11) nh sau
28


( ) ( )
1
d
2
=
}
,
e
V
e
s
W V pTu (2.4.3)
vi P l vc-t lc tc dng ln mt v gia cng.
Th nng ton phn trn mi phn t v gia cng chu un l
+ H = . U W (2.4.4)
Theo nguyn l cc tiu ha phim hm nng lng, ta c ( ) 0 o H = . V vy, cng thc (2.4.4)
tr thnh

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
0
0
o o
o o
+ =
+ =
,
.
e e
U W
U W
(2.4.5)

29

CHNG 3 PHNG PHP PHN T HU HN CHO BI
TON V GIA CNG DM

Trong phng php phn t hu hn, min gii hn O c ri rc thnh
e
N min con. Nh vy,
O = O
e
e
N
v O O = O
i j
= , i j . Nghim bi ton s c tnh xp x trn mi min con.
Theo l thuyt c cp trong muc (2.4), phn tch ng x cho cu trc v gia cng,
chng ta s i phn tch ln lt cho cu trc v v cu trc dm. Vic xp x trng chuyn v
cho mi phn t v gia cng trong h ta tng th OXYZ c thc hin trn phn t tm
tng ng trong h ta a phng Oxyz.

Hnh 13. Phn t v gia cng
V s c ri rc thnh tp hp cc phn t t gic 4 nt, cn dm c ri rc thnh cc
phn t 2 nt. Cc nt ca dm trng khp vi cc nt phn t ca v.
3.1 Phng php phn t hu hn cho bi ton v
3.1.1 Cng thc phn t hu hn ca v trn min t gic bn nt bt k
Trng chuyn v
( )
0 0 0
| | | ( =

T
e
p x y z
u v w u ca mi phn t tm Reissner-Mindlin
c xp x trn phn t t gic bn nt nh sau
30


Hnh 14. Phn t t gic 4 nt.

4
0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
1
4
0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
1
4
0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
1
4
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
1
4
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
1
1 1 2 2 3 3 4
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | |
=
=
=
=
=
= + + + =
= + + + =
= + + + =
= + + + =
= + + + =
= + + +

,
,
,
,
,
i i
i
i i
i
i i
i
x x x x x i xi
i
y y y y y i yi
i
z z z z z
u N u N u N u N u N u
v N v N v N v N v N v
w N w N w N w N w N w
N N N N N
N N N N N
N N N N
4
4
1
|
=
=

.
i zi
i
N
(3.1.1)
Vit di dng ma trn, ta c

( ) ( )
4
1 1
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
|
|
|
= =
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
= = (
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
( (



.
i
i
i
i
n
i e e i
p i pi
xi
i i i
yi
i
i
zi
u
N
v
N
w
N
N
N
N
u N d (3.1.2)
Tng t nh trn ta c
31


( ) ( )
4
1 1
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
|
|
|
= =
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
= = (
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
( (



.
i
i
i
i
n
i e e i
p i pi
xi
i i i
yi
i
i
zi
u
N
v
N
w
N
N
N
N
u N d (3.1.3)
Trong , cc thnh phn | | | , , , , ,
i i i xi yi zi
u v w l chuyn v v gc xoay ti cc nt ca phn
t tm trong h ta da phng,
( ) ,
i
N x y l hm dng ti cc nt.
Thay cng thc (3.1.2) vo cng thc (2.1.19), (2.1.23), (2.1.30) ta c phng trnh nng
lng, cng ngoi lc v ng nng ca tm trn mi phn t tm l

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1
d
2
+
(
=

+
}
,
e e e
p p m m b b
T
T T T
m
A
b s s s p
U A d B D B B D B B D B d (3.1.4)

( ) ( )
d =
}
,
e e
p p
A
W A pNd (3.1.5)

( ) ( )
( )
( )
1
d
2
=
}
,
T
e e e T
p p p p
A
T A d N m Nd (3.1.6)
trong , ,
m b s
B B B c c bng cch thay cng thc (3.1.2) vo cc cng thc (2.1.9), (2.1.10)
, (2.1.11) v xc nh nh sau

4 4
1 1
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
= =
(
(
(
(
= =
(
(
(
(

c
c
c
c
c c
c

c

,
i
i
m m i
i i
i i
x
y
N
N
N
y x
N
N
B L (3.1.7)
32


4 4
1 1
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
= =
c
c
c
c
c c
c c
(
(
(
(
= =
(
(
(
(


,
i
i
b b i
i i
i i
x
N
N
N
N
y x
N
y
B L (3.1.8)

4 4
1 1
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
.
i
i
s s i
i
i i
i
N
N
x
N
N
N
y
= =
c (

(
c
( = =
c
(

(
c


B L (3.1.9)
Gi
( )
| | | ( =

T
e
si si si sxi syi syi si
u v w d l chuyn v ti mi nt ca phn t v trong h
ta ton cc, ma trn chuyn h ta T c c bng cch thay cng thc (3.1.2) vo cng
thc (2.2.8) v xc nh nh sau

0
0
0
24 1 24 1
0
0
| |
| |
| |

( (
( (
( (
( ( (
= ( ( (
( ( (

( (
( (
( (

,
i si
i si
T
i si
i
T
xi sxi
i
yi syi
zi szi
u u
v v
w w

(3.1.10)

| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
6 6
6 6
6 6
6 6 6 6 6 6
6 6
6 6 6 6 6 6
6 6 6 6 6 6
6 6 6 6 6 6
24 24
0
0 0 0
0
0
0 0 0
0
0
0 0 0
0
0
0 0 0
0

( (
( (
( (

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
= (
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

(

.
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T

(3.1.11)
Nh vy, ta tnh c nng lng bin dng, cng ngoi lc, ng nng ca mi phn t v l
33


( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1
d
2
(
+ =

+

}
,
T
m m b b b s s s
T
T T T e e e
s s m s
A
U A d B D B B d T T D B B D B (3.1.12)

( ) ( )
d =
}
,
e e
A
s s
W A pNTd (3.1.13)

( ) ( )
( )
( )
1
d
2
=
}
.
T
T T e e e
s s
A
s p
T A d T N m NTd (3.1.14)
3.1.2 Cng thc phn t hu hn ca v khi s dng phn t MICT4
thun li hn trong vic tnh ton cc cng thc (3.1.12), (3.1.13), (3.1.14), mi min t gic
con
e
O s c tham chiu n min hnh vung n v
{ } | |
11 q e , ; trong h ta a phng
q O nh Hnh 15. Trn mi min tham chiu ny, ta nt v trng chuyn v c xp x
thng qua cng mt b hm dng, do n cn c gi l phn t ng tham s.

Hnh 15. Phn t gic trong min tham chiu
Ta c mi lin h hnh hc gia hai phn t v ni suy trng chuyn v ca mi phn t nh
sau

4 4
1 1
, ,
i i i i
i i
x N x y N y
= =
= =

(3.1.15)

( ) ( )
4
1
.
e e
p i pi
i
N
=
=

u d (3.1.16)
trong
( ) ,
i i
x y l ta ti cc nh,
i
N l cc hm s ph thuc q , v xc nh bi
34


1
2
3
4
1 1
1 1
1
4 1 1
1 1
q
q
q
q
( (
( (
+
( (
=
( ( + +
( (
+

( )( )
( )( )
.
( )( )
( )( )
N
N
N
N
(3.1.17)
o hm cc hm dng theo q v l:

1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
1 1
1 1
4 4
1 1
1 1
4 4
1 1
1 1
4 4
1 1
1 1
4 4
q
q
q
q
q
q
q
q
c c
= =
c c
c c
= = +
c c
c c
= + = +
c c
c c
= + =
c c
( ) , ( ),
( ) , ( ),
( ) , ( ),
( ) , ( ).
N N
N N
N N
N N
(3.1.18)
o hm ca x v y theo q v l

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4
q q q q

q
q q q q

q
c
= + + + +
c
c
= + + + +
c
c
= + + + +
c
c
= + + + +
c
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) .
x
x x x x
x
x x x x
y
y y y y
y
y y y y
(3.1.19)
Ta c

3

q
q q
q
c c ( c c (
(
(
c c
c c
(
( =
c c ( c c (
(
(
c c
c c

,
x x
x y
I
y y
x x
(3.1.20)
do
35


1
1

q
q q
q

c c ( c c (
(
(
c c
c c
(
( = =
c c ( c c (
(
(
c c
c c

(

.
s
x x
x y
y y
x x
J (3.1.21)
T cc cng thc (3.1.18), (3.1.21), ta tnh c o hm cc hm dng theo x v y l

q
q
q
q
c c c c c
= +
c c c c c
c c c c c
= +
c c c c c
. . ,
. . .
i i i
i i i
N N N
x x x
N N N
y y y
(3.1.22)
Thay cng thc (3.1.17), (3.1.22) vo cng thc(3.1.7), (3.1.8), (3.1.9), ta tnh c cc thnh
phn , ,
m b s
B B B .
Ta thy rng, khi chiu dy ca tm tin dn v khng, thnh phn
b
D ca tm s tin v vc-
t khng nhanh hn thnh phn
s
D , dn n nghch l l bin dng ct ca tm ln hn bin dng
un ca tm khi chiu dy tm nh. Hin tng ny c gi l hin tng kha ct (shearlooking)
[7].
khc phc ny, trng bin dng ct ca tm c xp x li thng qua phn t MITC4.
Phn t MITC4 c biu din trong h ta tham chiu thng qua hnh vung n v nh Hnh
16.

Hnh 16. Phn t MITC4
36

Trn phn t MITC4, trng bin dng mng v bin dng un ca tm vn c xp x tng t
nh trn. Trng bin dng ct ca tm c xp x li nh sau

1 2
3 4


= +
= +
,
,
s C s A
xz xz xz
s B s D
yz yz yz
N N
N N
(3.1.23)
trong cc thnh phn , N c xc nh nh sau

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 2
3 4
1 1
1 1
2 2
1 1
1 1
2 2
q q

= = +
= = +
, ,
, ,
s s
s s
N N
N N
(3.1.24)

3 4 3 4 1 2 2 1
3 2 1 4
3 2 4 1
2 2
2 2
| | | |

| | | |

+ +
= + = +
+ +

= + = +
, ,
, ,
A C x x x x
xz xz
y y y y D B
yz yz
w w w w
a a
w w w w
b b
(3.1.25)
Vi a, b ln lt l di cc cnh ni cc nh 1-2 v 1-4. Do ta c bin dng ct ca tm
c xp x li l

1 2
3 4
0 0
0 0
,
C C
xz xz
A A
xz xz
B B
yz yz
D
s s
xz
s s
s
s s
yz
D
yz yz
N N
N
N N

(

(
= = = (
` ` `


( )



) )
(3.1.26)
{ }
1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2
1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2
1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2
1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2
,
s
s
s
a a
a a
b b
b b

=
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

d N

37


1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2
1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2
1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2
1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2

(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
(
(

.
s
s
a a
a a
b b
b b
B N
(3.1.27)
Bng cch thay th cc thnh phn , ,
m b s
B B B va tnh c vo cng thc (3.1.12), ta tnh
c nng lng bin dng trn mi phn t v nh sau.

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
1
d d
2
q
q + +
(
=

} }
det .
T
m m b b
T
T T T e e e s
s s m s b s s s
U d B D B B D B B d J T D B T
(3.1.28)
ng nng v cng ngoi lc trn mi phn t v c c bng cch thay th cng thc (3.1.17)
vo cng thc (3.1.13) v cng thc (3.1.14).

( ) ( )
( )
det d d
q
q =
} }
,
e e s
s s
W J pNTd (3.1.29)

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
1
d de d
2
t
q
q =
} }
.
T
T T
p
e e e s
s s s
T d T N m NT J d (3.1.30)
3.2 Phng php phn t hu hn cho bi ton dm
3.2.1 Cng thc phn t hu hn ca dm trn phn t mt chiu bt k
Trng chuyn v
| |
0
| | | =
T
b r s z r s z
u u u u ca mi phn t dm c xp x trn phn
t mt chiu hai nt nh sau
38


Hnh 17. Phn t dm 2 nt.

2 2
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
1 1
2 2
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
1 1
2 2
1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2
1 1
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
= =
= =
= =
= + = = + =
= + = = + =
= + = = + =



,
,
.
,
,
,
r r r i ri r r i ri
i i
s s s i si s s i si
i i
r
s
z z z zi i z z i z zi
i i
u M u M u M u M M M
u M u M u M u M M M
u u u M M M M u M M
(3.2.1)
Vit di dng ma trn ta c

2
0 0
1 1
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
|
|
|
= =
( (
( (
( (
( (
= =
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (


u Md .
i ri
i si
n
i zi
b i bi
i i
i ri
i si
i zi
M u
M u
M u
M
M
M
(3.2.2)
Tng t ta c

2
0 0
1 1
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
|
|
|
= =
( (
( (
( (
( (
= =
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (


.
i ri
i si
n
i zi
b i bi
i ri i i
i si
i zi
M u
M u
M u
M
M
M
u Md (3.2.3)
Trong cc thnh phn | | | , , , , ,
ri si zi ri si zi
u u u l chuyn v v gc xoay ti cc nt,
( ) ,
i
M r s
l hm dng ti cc nt.
39

Thay cng thc (3.2.2) v cng thc (3.2.3) vo cng thc (2.3.38) v cng thc (2.3.48) ta
tnh c nng lng bin dng v ng nng ca dm nh sau

( ) ( )
0 0 0
1
d
2
=
}
,
T T
b b b
b b
r
b
U r d B D B d (3.2.4)

( )
0 0 0
1
d
2
=
}
,
T
T
b b b b
l
T l d M m Md (3.2.5)
trong , ma trn
b
B c c bng cc thay th cng thc (3.2.2) vo cng thc (2.3.36)

2 2
1 1
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
.
i i
i
b
i i
i
i
i
i
b
i
i
e
e
M M
r r
M
r
M M
M
r r
M
M
r
M
r
= =
c c (
(
(
(
(
(
(
= =
(
(

c c
c
c
c c
c c
(

(
(
(
c
c
c
c

L B (3.2.6)
Gi | | | ( =

T
bi bi bi bi bxi byi bzi
u v w d l chuyn v ti cc nt ca mi phn t dm trong
h ta ton cc. T cc cng thc (2.3.18), (2.2.8) ta c mi lin h v chuyn v ca dm gia
h ta a phng Orsz v h ta ton cc OXYZ l
( )
( )
0 0
0 0
= = , ,
b b b b
d T Td d T Td (3.2.7)
trong ma trn
0
T , Txc nh nh sau
40


| |
| |
| |
| |
6 6
6 6
0
6 6
6 6
6 6
6 6
6 6
6 6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

( (
( (

(
=
(
(
(
(
(


( (
( (
( (

=
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

,
.
T
T
T
T
Q
Q
T
Q
Q

(3.2.8)
Nh vy, ta tnh c nng lng bin dng v ng nng ca mi phn t dm trong h ta
ton cc theo cng thc sau
( ) ( )
( )
( )
0 0
1
d
2
=
}
,
T
T
b
T
b
b
b b
b
l
U l T T T d d T B D B (3.2.9)

( )
( )
( )
0 0
1
d
2
=
}
.
T
T
T
b b b b
l
T l Td T M m MT Td (3.2.10)
3.2.2 Cng thc phn t hu hn ca dm trn phn t ng tham s mt chiu
tnh nng lng ca dm trn phn t mt chiu hai nt, ta s tnh chng trn min tham chiu
nh hnh v.

Hnh 18: Phn t dm trn min tham chiu
Mi lin h hnh hc gia hai phn t l

2
1
,
i i
i
r M r
=
=

(3.2.11)
41

vi
i
r l gi tr ti mi nt v
i
M l hm dng trn phn t tham chiu v c tnh theo cng thc
( ) ( )
1 2
1 1
1 1
2 2
= + = + , . M M (3.2.12)
Ly o hm ca hm dng
i
M theo ta thu c

1 2
1 1
2 2
c c
= =
c c
, .
M M
(3.2.13)
Ly o hm ca r theo ta thu c
( )
2 1
1
2
c
=
c
.
r
r r (3.2.14)
T (3.2.14) ta tnh c o hm ca theo r l

2 1
2 c
=
c
.
r r r
(3.2.15)
Bng cch ly o hm ca hm hp, ta tnh c c o hm ca M theo r nh sau

1 1
2 1
2 2
2 1
1
1

c c c
= =
c c c
c c c
= =
c c c
. ,
. .
M M
r r r r
M M
r r r r
(3.2.16)
Thay cng thc (3.2.12), (3.2.16) vo cc cng thc (3.2.3), (3.2.6), ta tnh c cc thnh phn
,
b
B M. Thay ,
b
B M va tnh c vo cng thc (3.2.9), (3.2.10), ta tnh c nng lng bin
dng v ng nng trn mi phn t dm nh sau

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
0 0
d d
2
et
1

=
}
,
T
T
b
T
b b
b
b
b b
U d B D B T T T Td J (3.2.17)

( )
( )
( ) ( )
0 0
1
det d
2

=
}
,
T
T
T b
b b b b
T Td T M m MT Td J (3.2.18)
trong
( )
( )
2 1
2 = det / .
b
r r J
42

3.3 Phng php phn t hu hn cho bi ton v gia cng dm
Theo l thuyt 2.3, trng chuyn v ca dm c biu din trn mt trung ha ca v. Ti v tr
ghp ni, trng chuyn v ca dm bng trng chuyn v ca v. Ti cc v tr khc, trng
chuyn v ca dm bng 0. Do

( )
o = ,
e i j
b ij s
d d (3.3.1)
vi o
ij
l ton t kronecker, i,j l v tr cc nt. Nh vy ta c

( ) ( )
= = , ,
b b
e e
s s
d d d d (3.3.2)
vi l ma trn m cc thnh gm 0 hoc 1.
Nng lng bin dng v ng nng ca mi phn t v gia cng dm c tnh bi

( ) ( )
= +

,
b
e e
s b
N
U U U (3.3.3)

( ) ( )
= +

.
b
e e
s b
N
T T T (3.3.4)
T cc cng thc (3.1.12), (3.1.14), (3.2.9), (3.2.10), (3.3.2), (3.3.3), (3.3.4) ta tnh c nng
lng bin dng v ng nng ca mi phn t v gia cng dm l

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
0 0
1
d
2
1
d
2
(
=

+
+

+
}

}
,
b
T
T T T e e e T
s m m m b b b s s s s
A
T
T
e e T b b b
s s
N
T
T
l
U A
l T
d T B D B B D B B D B Td
d B D B d T T T
(3.3.5)

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
0 0
1
d
2
1
d
2
=
+
}

}
.
b
T
e e e T T
s s s
A
T
e e T
s
T
T T
s b
N
l
T A
l T T M m MT T
d T N m NTd
d d
(3.3.6)
vi l l phn t chiu di ca mi phn t dm trong h ta a phng Orsz.
thun tin hn khi tnh ton, ta t
43


( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
0 0
0 0
d
d
d
d
d
(
=

+
=
+
=
+ +
}

}
}
}
,
,
,
b
b
T T T e T
m m m b b b s s s
A
T
T b b b
N
l
e T T
s
A
T
N
l
e
T
T
T
T T
b
A
A
l
A
A
l
T T
K T B D B B D B B D B T
B D B
M T N
T
m NT
T
T T M m MT T
pNT

F
(3.3.7)
khi
( ) ( ) ( ) e e e
K , M , F l ma trn cng v ma trn khi lng v ma trn lc ti ca mi phn
t v gia cng, nng lng bin dng, ng nng, cng ngoi lc ca mi phn t v gia cng
c biu din theo
( ) ( ) ( ) e e e
K , M , F nh sau

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1
2
1
2
=
=
=
,
,
.
T
e e
s s
T
e e
s s
e e
e e
e
s
e
e
U
T
W
d K d
d M d
F d
(3.3.8)
Sau khi ly bin phn, ta thu c cng thc

( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
o o
o o
o o
=
=
=
,
,
.
e e e e
s s
e e e e
s s
e e e
s
U
T
W
K d d
M d d
F d
(3.3.9)
V bin phn l ty , do sau khi thay cng thc (3.3.9) vo cng thc (2.4.5) ta thu c
h phng trnh cn bng cho mi phn t v gia cng l

( ) ( ) ( )
= .
e e e
s
K d F (3.3.10)
p dng phng trnh Lagrange cho bi ton phn tch dao ng t do ca v gia cng, ta c
phng trnh cn bng
44


( )
( )
( )
( )
d
0
d
| |
c c
+ = |
|
c c
\ .
.
e e
e e
T U
t
d d
(3.3.11)
p dng nguyn l Hamilton cho bi ton dao ng t do ca v gia cng, ta c

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
1
2 2
1 1
d 0
d d 0
o
o o
=
=
}
} }
,
,
t
e e
t
t t
e e
t t
T U t
T t U t
(3.3.12)
vi
1 2
, t t ln lt l thi im u v thi im cui ca qu trnh dao ng. Thay cng thc
(3.3.9) vo cng thc (3.3.12), ta c

( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
2 2
1 1
d d 0
d
d d 0
d
o o
o o
=
| |
=
|
\ .
} }
} }
,
.
t t
T T
e e e e e e
t t
t t
T T
e e e e e e
t t
t t
t t
t
d M d d K d
d M d d K d
(3.3.13)
S dng cng thc tch phn tng phn cho tch phn th nht trong phng trnh (3.3.13) ta
c

( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
1
1 1
d d 0 o o o
(
=
(

} }
.
t t t
T T T
e e e e e e e e e
t
t t
t t d M d d M d d K d (3.3.14)
Bi v
( )
( )
( )
( )
1 2
0 o o = =
e e
t t
d d , do cng thc (3.3.14) tr thnh

( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2
1 1
2
1
2
1
d d 0
+ d 0
+ d 0
o o
o o
o
+ =
(
=
(

(
=
(

} }
}
}
,
,
.
t t
T
T e e e e e
t t
t
T
T e e e e e
t
t
T
e e e e e
t
t t
t
t
d M d d K d
d M d d K d
d M d K d
(3.3.15)
45

Bi v
( )
( )
o
e
d l ty , do phng trnh (3.3.15) tr thnh

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 + = .
e e e e
s s
M d K d (3.3.16)
p dng phng php xp x Rayleigh-Ritz cho bi ton dao ng iu ha, nghim ca h
phng trnh (3.3.16) c xp x di dng

( ) ( )
( ) e = + cos ,
e e
s
t d d (3.3.17)
trong ,
( ) e
d l bin dao ng ca v gia cng,
( ) e
d khng ph thuc vo thi gian t . e l
tn s gc ca dao ng, c n v l rad/s, l pha ban u ca dao ng.
Thay cng thc (3.3.17) vo cng thc(3.3.16) ta c

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
0
0
e e e
e e
+ + + =
+ =
cos cos ,
cos .
e e e e
e e e
t t
t
M d K d
K M d
(3.3.18)
Khi , bin dao ng
( ) e
d v tn s gc e l nghim ca h phng trnh

( ) ( )
( )
( ) 2
0 e = .
e e e
K M d (3.3.19)
h phng trnh (3.3.19) c v s nghim th

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) 2 2
0 e e = = det | | .
e e e e
K M K M (3.3.20)
H phng trnh (3.3.20) cho ta s lng nghim e tng ng vi s phng trnh ca h.
ng vi mi gi tr e va tm c, thay vo h phng trnh (3.3.19), ta s tm c bin dao
ng tng ng cho v gia cng.
T cc cng thc (3.3.7), ta thu c ma trn cng, ma trn khi lng v ma trn lc ti
cho mi phn t v gia cng l
46


( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
0 0
0 0
d d
d
d d
d
d d
q

q
q

q
+ +
(
=

+
=
+
=
} }

}
} }

}
} }
K T B D B B D B B D B T J
B T T D B J
M T N m NT
TT
T T M m MT
J
T
p T

F J N
J
det
det ,
de
.
t
det ,
det
b
b
T T T
e T S
m m m b b b s s s
T
T b b b b
N
e T T S
s
T
T
T
T
T T
b
b
N
e S
(3.3.21)
Nh vy, ta c phng trnh cn bng tnh hc trn mi phn t v gia cng l

( ) ( ) ( )
= ,
e e e
s
K d F (3.3.22)
v phng trnh cn bng ng hc trn mi phn t v gia cng l

( ) ( )
( )
( ) 2
0 e = .
e e e
K M d (3.3.23)
Gi K,M,F ln lt l ma trn cng ton cc, ma trn khi lng ton cc v vc t lc
ton cc ca v gia cng. K,M,F c c bng mt th tc lp ghp cc ma trn cng, ma
trn khi lng v vc t lc ti phn t li vi nhau. Mt cch hnh thc, ta c th biu din th
tc ny nh sau

( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1 = = =
= = =

, ,
e e e
N N N
e e e
e e e
K K , M M F F (3.3.24)
trong
e
N l tng s phn t ca v gia cng. Nh vy ta c cc phng trnh cn bng cho
v gia cng l

( )
2
0 e
=
=
,
,
s
Kd F
K M d
(3.3.25)
vi ,
s
d d ln lt l chuyn v v bin dao ng ca v gia cng.
47

3.4 iu kin bin
Trc khi gii cc phng trnh (3.3.25), ta phi i kh cc iu kin bin m bi ton a ra. Mt
s loi iu kin bin thng gp trong nhng bi ton phn tch ng x ca v l:

Hnh 19. Mt s loi iu kin bin.
(1) iu kin bin ngm
Bin chu iu kin ngm tha mn iu kin tt c chuyn v v gc xoay u bng
0, tc l 0 | | | = = = = = = .
x y z
u v w
(2) iu kin bin gi ta (diaphragm)
Trn Hnh 19, bin chu iu kin gi ta tha mn iu kin chuyn v theo phng x v
phng z bng 0, ngoi ra, gc xoay quang trc Oy cng bng 0, tc l 0 | = = = .
x
u w
(3) iu kin bin ta n
Trn Hnh 19, bin chu iu kin ta n tha mn iu kin chuyn v theo ba phng x,
y, z bng 0, tc l 0 = = = . u v w
(4) iu kin drilling [6]
Khi thnh lp cng thc cho bi ton v, ta t ng thm vo gc xoay |
z
, do trong
cc ma trn cng phn t
( ) e
K v ma trn khi lng phn t
( ) e
M , gi tr ng ng ti
v tr gc xoay |
z
bng khng, iu ny dn n hin tng suy bin khi gii phng trnh
48

(3.3.25). khc phc hin tng ny, ti cc v tr tng ng vi gc xoay |
z
trong ma
trn cng v ma trn khi lng phn t, ta xp x li mt gi tr khc xc nh nh sau

( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
3
3
10
10

=
=
, max ,
, max ,
e e
e e
in in diag
in in diag
K K
M M
(3.3.26)
vi
| |
6 12 18 24 = in v
( )
( )
e
diag K ,
( )
( )
e
diag M l cc vc-t cha ng cho chnh
ca ma trn cng phn t v ma trn khi lng phn t.
49

CHNG 4 V D S

Trong chng ny, mt s v s v v v v gia cng c phn tch bng phng php phn t
hu hn dng phn t MITC4. Kt qu phn tch ca cc bi ton s c so snh v nh gi
vi cc kt qu c ca cc tc gi khc.
4.1 Bi ton tnh hc
Bi ton 1. v tr khng gia cng.
Xt cu trc v hnh tr vi iu kin bin c mng hai u, lc p=1 tp trung im A. 1/4 cu
trc v tr nh Hnh 20. vng tham kho ti A l
5
1 8248 10

. [8].

Hnh 20. V hnh tr vi lc tp trung v iu kin bin mng.
Kt qu vng ca v di tc dng ca lc c th hin trong Hnh 21.
50


Hnh 21: vng ca v tr khng gia cng dm chu lc tp trung.
Chia li
vng (x10^-5)
MITC4
2x2 0.0576
4x4 0.7326
6x6 1.1476
8x8 1.3820
10x10 1.5225
12x12 1.6103
14x14 1.6678
16x16 1.7072
18x18 1.7352
20x20 1.7556
22x22 1.7690
24x24 1.7806
Tham kho [8] 1.8248

Bng 1. Kt qu phn tch vng ca v tr khng gia cng dm.
0
100
200
300
0
100
200
300
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
X
do vong cua vo tru
Y
Z
51


Hnh 22. Tc hi t nghim ca phn t MITC4 cho bi ton v tr chu lc tp trung.
Hnh 22 cho ta tc hi t ca vng ti im t lc, khi s lng phn t tng ln th
vng ti im A cng gn nghim chnh xc hn.
Bi ton 2: v cu gia cng dm
Xt v cu c gia cng bi hai dm ng tm vi kch thc hnh hc nh Hnh 23.

Hnh 23. V cu gia cng bi hai dm ng tm.
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
So phan tu
D
o

v
o
n
g

*
1
0
-
5
Toc do hoi tu cua do vong


MITC4
Ket qua tham khao
52

V cu chu lc tp trung ti tm p=45KN, vi iu kin ta n bn bin. vng ti tm
ca v c th hin trong

Hnh 24: vng ca v cu chu lc tp trung c gia cng bi hai dm ng tm.
S phn t
vng ti tm v (mm)
Sai s
(%)
MITC4
Trc gia cng
MITC4
Sau gia cng
Kt qu
tham kho
16 64.98 34.84 42.26 -21.29
36 73.83 40.00 42.95 -7.37
64 76.29 42.15 43.19 -2.47
100 78.75 43.31 43.3 0.01
144 79.66 43.94 43.37 1.3

Bng 2: Kt qu phn tch vng ti tm ca v cu gia cng dm ng tm.
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
2.25
2.3
2.35
2.4
2.45
2.5
X
Do vong tai tam vo gia cuong
Y
Z
53


Hnh 25: Tc hi t nghim ca phn t MITC4 cho bi ton v cu chu lc tp trung
gia cng hai dm ng tm.
Sau khi c gia cng, cng ca v tng ln rt nhiu, ti mc li 144 phn t, vng
ca v gim t 76.67 mm xung 43.95 mm. Sai s gia phn t MITC4 v tc gi kh nh
( ) 2 < % .
4.2 Bi ton ng hc
Bi ton 4: Phn tch dao ng ca v tr gia cng dm
Xt mt v tr c gia cng 5 dm b ngm 1 cnh vi kch thc hnh hc nh Hnh 26.
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
So phan tu
D
o

v
o
n
g

t
a
i

t
a
m

(
m
m
)
Toc do hoi tu do vong tai tam


Ket qua tham khao
MITC4-Sau gia cuong
MITC4-Truoc gia cuong
54


Hnh 26. V tr gia cng 5 dm lch tm.
Kch thc ca v ln lt l 304 8 304 8 2 = = = . ( ), . ( ), R L
x y x
L mm L mm , chiu dy ca v l
3 175 = . ( ) t mm . Chiu cao ca dm l 6 35 = = . ( )
x y
h h mm , chiu cao ca dm ln lt l
8 2 3 175 = = . ( ), . ( )
x y
r mm r mm . V v dm c lm cng loi vt liu vi Modul n hi v h s
nn hng ln lt l
( )
11 2
2 09 10 0 3 u = = . / , . E N m , mt khi ca vt liu l
( )
3
7800 = / kg m
.
Tn s dao ng ca v gia cng c so snh vi kt qu thc nghim ca tc gi Mustafa
v cng s [9].
Mode 1 Mode 2



55

Mode 3 Mode 4



Mode 5 Mode 6



Mode 7 Mode 8



Hnh 27. Hnh dng tm mode dao ng t nhin ca v tr gia cng nm dm lch tm
chu iu kin bin ngm.


0.013
56


mode
Tn s dao ng t nhin
(Hz) Sai s
(%) MITC4
(24*24)
Tham
kho
1 105.0751596 115 8.63
2 155.2606013 160 2.96
3 320.3040897 313 -2.33
4 467.7738806 479 2.34
5 516.6032379 530 2.53
6 773.1143817 714 -8.28
7 809.1875498 803 -0.77
8 989.4732511 947 -4.49

Bng 3. Kt qu phn tch tn s dao ng ca v tr gia cng dm lch tm.

Hnh 28: Gi tr tn s ca tm mode dao ng u tin.
Kt qu phn tch tn s dao ng t do ca v tr gia cng so vi kt qu thc nghim l
kh gn. Tuy nhin, ti mode 1 v mode 6, tn s ca bi ton c phn tch bng phn t
MITC4 cn xa so vi kt qu thc nghim ( ~ 8%).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Mode dao dong
T
a
n

s
o

d
a
o

d
o
n
g

(
H
z
)
Tan so dao dong cua vo tru gia cuong dam


Tham khao
MITC4
57

Bi ton 5: Phn tch dao ng ca v cu gia cng dm.
Xt v cu vi kch thc hnh hc v vt liu trong bi ton 3, ta c kt qu gi tr tn s gc
(rad/s) ca 10 mode u tin nh sau.
Mode 1 Mode 2



Mode 3 Mode 4


Mode 5 Mode 6




58

Mode 7 Mode 8



Mode 9 Mode 10



Hnh 29. Hnh dng mi mode dao ng t nhin u tin ca v cu gia cng hai dm
ng tm vi iu kin bin ta n.
Mode
Tn s gc (rad/sec)
Sai s (%)
MITC4 Tham kho [10]
1 45.63842 41.68 8.67
2 75.5371 74.38 1.53
3 75.7006 74.49 1.6
4 99.5975 100.5 -0.91
5 115.65 105.44 8.83
6 115.671 105.55 8.75
7 128.3576 126.87 1.16
8 139.0469 134.69 3.13
9 151.179 146.47 3.11
10 151.4326 146.51 3.25

Bng 4. Kt qu phn tch tn s gc ca v cu gia cng dm ng tm.
59


Hnh 30. Gi tr mi mode dao ng t nhin u tin.
Tn s gc ca v gia cng c phn tch bng phn t MITC4 so vi kt qu ca tc gi
Asokendu Samanta tuy cn xa nhau mode 1, nhng nhng mode sau li kh gn nhau.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Mode dao dong
T
a
n

s
o

g
o
c

(
r
a
d
/
s
)
Tan so goc (rad/s)


Tham khao
MITC4
60

CHNG 5 KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN

5.1 Cc kt qu t c
Lun vn thnh lp c cc cng thc phn t hu hn cho kt cu v thoi gia cng dm.
ng thi, p dng phng php MITC4 trong vic phn tch tnh hc v ng hc cho bi ton
v, v gia cng dm ng tm v v gia cng dm lch tm. Trong v c m hnh theo l
thuyt v thoi vi gi thit Reissner-Mindlin. Dm c m hnh theo l thuyt dm Timoshenko.
Sai s trong cc bi ton kh thp
( ) 5 < % . Vic lp trnh m phng bi ton c thc hin
bng phn mm Matlab.
5.2 Hn ch v tn ti
V iu kin thi gian v phm vi kin thc c hn nn lun vn mi ch dng li vic s dng
l thuyt v thoi phn tch bin dng ca cu trc v v v gia cng chu lc tp trung vi
iu kin bin n gin, phn tch dao ng t do ca v v v gia cng, cha cp n nhng
cu trc v v v gia cng chu dao ng cng bc, dao ng tt dn. Nhng cu trc c trnh
by trong lun vn c min hnh hc cn kh n gin, cha phn nh c nhng cu trc thc
trong thc t. Cc nghin cu v s hi t v tc hi t cn kh s si.
5.3 Hng pht trin trong tng lai
Trong tng lai, phn t MITC4 c th c p dng phn tch nhng cu trc c min hnh
hc phc tp hn nh cu trc v yn nga, v hnh nn, v hnh cu, v.v. Phn t MITC4 cng
c th c s dng phn tch dao ng cng bc, dao ng tt dn ca v v v gia cng,
v.v. Ngoi ra, c th s dng l thuyt v suy bin, v 3D, v cong phn tch nhng cu trc
v v v gia cng. ng thi, c th ti u ha cho cu trc v cng nh v gia cng. y l
bi ton mang tnh thi s v kh mi m.
61

TI LIU THAM KHO

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62

[14] Nhon Nguyen-Thanh, Hung Nguyen-Xuan, Timon Rabczuk, and Stephane Bordas Chien
Thai-Hoang, "A Cell- based Smoothed Finite Element Method for Free Vibration and
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