Life Purpose To educate and develop individuals to become productive, creative, useful and responsible citizens of society.

Vision To be a dynamic, progressive school that cultivates effective learning, generates creative ideas, responds to societal needs and offers equal opportunity for all. Mission In its quest for excellence in mind, body and character and the pursuit of truth and freedom, Foundation University commits itself to: . ". #. %.
develop students of sound character and broad culture! prepare students for a definite career! imbue students $ith the spirit of universal brotherhood! and advocate truth, promote &ustice and advance 'no$ledge.

a.(ata) information that has been translated into a form that is more convenient to move or process. (istinct pieces of information, usually formatted in a special $ay. (ata is ra$, unorganized facts that need to be processed. (ata can be something simple and seemingly random and useless until it is organized. b.Information) *hen data is processed, organized, structured or presented in a given context so as to ma'e it useful. c.(atabase) + comprehensive collection of related data organized for convenient access, generally in a computer. + database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated. In one vie$, databases can be classified according to types of content: bibliographic, full)text, numeric, and images. d.,eta data) describes ho$ and $hen and by $hom a particular set of data $as collected, and ho$ the data is formatted. ,eta data is essential for understanding information stored in data $arehouses. (ata that provides information about other data. e. (atabase ,anagement -ystem) it is a soft$are system that uses a standard method of cataloging, retrieving, and running queries on data. The (.,- manages incoming data, organizes it, and provides $ays for the data to be modified or extracted by users or other programs. ". (isadvantages of File /rocessing -ystems 0(ata 1edundancy

(ata 1edundancy means same information is duplicated in several files. This ma'es data redundancy. 0(ata Inconsistency (ata Inconsistency means different copies of the same data are not matching. That means different versions of same basic data are existing. This occurs as the result of update operations that are not updating the same data stored at different places. 2xample: +ddress Information of a customer is recorded differently in different files. 0(ifficulty in +ccessing (ata It is not easy to retrieve information using a conventional file processing system. 3onvenient and efficient information retrieval is almost impossible using conventional file processing system. 0(ata Isolation (ata are scattered in various files, and the files may be in different format, $riting ne$ application program to retrieve data is difficult. 0Integrity /roblems The data values may need to satisfy some integrity constraints. For example the balance field 4alue must be grater than 5666. *e have to handle this through program code in file processing systems. .ut in database $e can declare the integrity constraints along $ith definition itself. 0+tomicity /roblem It is difficult to ensure atomicity in file processing system.For example transferring 7 66 from +ccount + to account ..If a failure occurs during execution there could be situation li'e 7 66 is deducted from +ccount + and not credited in +ccount .. 03oncurrent +ccess anomalies If multiple users are updating the same data simultaneously it $ill result in inconsistent data state. In file processing system it is very difficult to handle this using program code. This results in concurrent access anomalies.

0-ecurity /roblems 2nforcing -ecurity 3onstraints in file processing system is very difficult as the

application programs are added to the system in an ad)hoc manner. 08bservations and 3onclusions (ata 1edundancy may leads to (ata inconsistency , if redundant data are not updated simultaneously. (ata inconsistency leads the system into an inconsistent state, since the operations based on inconsistent data results in to more inconsistency.